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firstbusterPreParation Course

for the Cambridge english:

First (FCe) For sChools

Laura Clyde

Lisa Kester Dodgson

Dave Harwood

Carla Natalie Leonard

Teacher’s Book

ContentsFIRST buster Student’s Book Contents ...................................................................................... 2First Certificate in English – Exam Overview ........................................................................ 4CEFR Skills Descriptors ...................................................................................................................... 6CEFR Language Descriptors – Level B2 .................................................................................... 8Exam in Detail ......................................................................................................................................... 10Placement Test ........................................................................................................................................ 20Student’s Book Answer Key ............................................................................................................ 24 Practice Tests ........................................................................................................................................ 37Student’s Book Audio Transcripts ............................................................................................... 39Language Maximiser Answer Key ............................................................................................... 64 Practice Tests ....................................................................................................................................... 71Language Maximiser Audio Transcripts .................................................................................. 73

2

Contents map

Topic Reading and Use of English Grammar and Vocabulary Writing Listening Speaking

UNIT 1Society and Identity8 - 13

Social Issues Part 5Multiple choicePart 4Key word transformations

Phrasal VerbsRevision of TensesWord Formation

Part 2 Email

Part 2Sentence completion

Part 1Interview

UNIT 2Foodfor All!14 - 19

Food and Nutrition

Part 6Gapped textPart 2Open cloze

QuantifiersPrefixes and SuffixesFood and Drink

Part 1Essay

Part 3Multiple matching

Part 3Collaborative task

UNIT 3Sports Champions22 - 27

Sports Activities

Part 7Multiple matchingPart 3Word formation

Comparatives and SuperlativesExtreme Sports

Part 2Article

Part 4Multiple choice

UNIT 4Music: New Scenarios28 - 33

Music and Technology

Part 1Multiple choicePart 1Multiple-choice cloze

the, a / an, zero articleMusic and the Internet

Part 2ReviewPart 2Story


Part 2Long turn

UNIT 5To Read or Not to Read36 - 41

Reading Genres

Part 7Multiple matchingPart 2Open cloze

ConjunctionsNarrative TensesBooks

Part 2Email Part 2Set text



UNIT 6Your Tomorrow42 - 47

Jobs and Professions

Part 5Multiple choicePart 3Word formation

Future TensesJobs

Part 2Letter of application


UNIT 7Revolutionary Inventions50 - 55

Inventions Part 6Gapped textPart 4Key word transformations

Passive FormsPhrasal Verbs

Part 2Article


Parts 3-4Discussion

UNIT 8On Holiday!56 - 61

Transport and Travel


Wh- questionsQuestion TagsHolidays

Part 2Email Part 2Story


Parts 2Long Tum

UNIT 9The Animal World64 - 69

The Animal Kingdom

Part 6Gapped textPart 1Multiple-choice cloze

DeterminersAnimal Idioms

Part 2Email


Parts 2Long TumParts 3Collaborative Task

UNIT 10Fashion and Trends70 - 75

Fashion and Trends


Emphatic structures with whatPast HabitsPhrasal VerbsFashion and Clothes

Part 2Report


Parts 3-4Discussion

3

Contents map


UNIT 1Society and Identity8 - 13

Social Issues Part 5Multiple choicePart 4Key word transformations

Phrasal VerbsRevision of TensesWord Formation

Part 2 Email


Part 1Interview

UNIT 2Foodfor All!14 - 19

Food and Nutrition


QuantifiersPrefixes and SuffixesFood and Drink

Part 1Essay



UNIT 3Sports Champions22 - 27

Sports Activities

Part 7Multiple matchingPart 3Word formation

Comparatives and SuperlativesExtreme Sports

Part 2Article


UNIT 4Music: New Scenarios28 - 33

Music and Technology


the, a / an, zero articleMusic and the Internet

Part 2ReviewPart 2Story


Part 2Long turn

UNIT 5To Read or Not to Read36 - 41

Reading Genres


ConjunctionsNarrative TensesBooks

Part 2Email Part 2Set text



UNIT 6Your Tomorrow42 - 47

Jobs and Professions


Future TensesJobs



UNIT 7Revolutionary Inventions50 - 55

Inventions Part 6Gapped textPart 4Key word transformations

Passive FormsPhrasal Verbs

Part 2Article


Parts 3-4Discussion

UNIT 8On Holiday!56 - 61

Transport and Travel


Wh- questionsQuestion TagsHolidays

Part 2Email Part 2Story


Parts 2Long Tum

UNIT 9The Animal World64 - 69

The Animal Kingdom

Part 6Gapped textPart 1Multiple-choice cloze

DeterminersAnimal Idioms

Part 2Email


Parts 2Long TumParts 3Collaborative Task

UNIT 10Fashion and Trends70 - 75

Fashion and Trends


Emphatic structures with whatPast HabitsPhrasal VerbsFashion and Clothes

Part 2Report


Parts 3-4Discussion


UNIT 11Feelings and Personality78 - 83

Feelings Part 5Multiple choicePart 1Multiple-choice cloze

SuffixesPersonality Adjectives

Part 2StoryPart 2Set text


Part 2Long turn

UNIT 12The Language of Advertising84 - 89

Advertising Part 6Gapped textPart 5Multiple choicePart 4Key word transformations

Relative Pronouns and ClausesAdvertising and the Media



Part 2Long turn

UNIT 13Free Time and Entertainment92 - 97

Entertainment Part 5Multiple choicePart 3Word formation

Gerund and InfinitivesEntertainment

Part 2Review


Part 1Interview

UNIT 14Education98 - 103

Education Part 6Gapped textPart 5Multiple choicePart 4Key word transformations

Modal VerbsEducation

Part 2Story


UNIT 15Sleep Tight106 - 111

Sleep and Dreams


Obligation, Necessity and PermissionDreams and Sleep

Part 2Report


Part 2Long turn

UNIT 16Make Mine Music112 - 117

MusicMusical instruments

Part 7Multiple matchingPart 4Key word transformations

Phrasal VerbsMusical Instruments

Part 1Essay


UNIT 17Money, Money Everywhere120 - 125

Money and Shopping


Zero, First and Second ConditionalsMoney and Shopping

Part 1EssayPart 2Letter


Part 1Interview

UNIT 18Urban Life126 - 131

Places andPeople


ConditionalsPlaces we live in

Part 2Story


Part 3Collaborative Task

UNIT 19Our NaturalEnvironment132 - 137

Environment Part 6Gapped textPart 5Multiple choicePart 3Word formation

Wish, If only, I’d ratherNatural Disasters and the Environment

Part 2Email


Part 2Long turn

UNIT 20Myths and Legends 138 - 143

Mysteries Part 7Multiple matchingPart 1Multiple-choice cloze

Say, tell, askMyths and Legends

Part 2Set text


Writing Buster (Informal letter 20-21; Article 34-35; Essay 48-49; Letter of application 62-63; Report 76-77; Story 90-91; Review 104-105; Set text 118-119)

Practice Tests 144 - 220

Grammar Reference 221 - 234

Useful expressions 235 - 237

Phrasal verbs 238 - 239

Audio Transcripts 240 - 256

4

There are four Papers in the Cambridge English: First (FCE) examination: Reading and Use of English, Writing, Listening, Speaking. The first part is worth 40% of the total marks; the other three parts carry 20% of the marks each.

PAPER 1 READING AND USE oF ENGLISh 1 hour15 minutes

Part Task type and focus Format Number of questions

1

Multiple-choice clozeLexical / lexico-grammatical

A modified cloze test containing 8 gaps and followed by four-option multiple-choice items

8

2Open clozeGrammatical / lexico-grammatical

A modified cloze text containing 8 gaps 8

3

Word formationLexical / lexico-grammatical

A text containing 8 gaps. Each gap corresponds to a word. The stems of the missing words are given beside the text and must be changed to form the missing word.

8

4

Key word transformationsLexical and grammatical

Six separate items, each with a lead-in sentence and a gapped second sentence to be completed in two to five words, one of which is a given ‘key word’.

6

5

Multiple choiceDetail, opinion, attitude, tone, purpose, main idea, gist, meaning from context, implication, text organisation features (exemplification, reference)

A text followed by 6 four-option multiple-choice questions.

6

6

Gapped textText structure, cohesion and coherence

A text from which sentences have been removed and placed in jumbled order after the text. Candidates must decide from where in the text the sentences have been removed.

6

7

Multiple matchingSpecific information, detail, opinion and implication

A text or several short texts preceded by multiple-matching questions. Candidates must match prompts to elements in the text.

10

PAPER 2 WRITING 80 minutes

Part Task type and focus Format Number of tasks and length

1

Question 1Writing an essay giving opinion and providing reasons for the opinion

Candidates are required to write an essay giving their opinion on the essay title using the ideas given and providing an idea of their own. The essay title will be on a subject of general interest with no requirement of specialised knowledge.

One compulsory task140-190 words

2

Questions 2-4Writing one from a number of possible text types based on a contextualised writing task

Candidates have a choice of task. In questions 2-4, the tasks provide candidates with a clear context, topic, purpose and target reader for their writing. The output text types are: article, email/letter, report, review.

One task to be selected from a choice of three.140-190 words

First Certificate in English – Exam Overview

5

PAPER 3 LISTENING 40 minutes

Part Task type and focus Format Number of questions

1

The focus is on genre, identifying speaker, feeling, attitude, opinion, purpose, agreement between speakers, gist and detail

Eight short unrelated extracts, of approximately 30 seconds each, from monologues or exchanges between interacting speakers. There is one multiple-choice question per extract, each with three options.

8

2

Sentence completionDetail, specific information, stated opinion

A monologue lasting approximately 3-4 minutes. Candidates are required to complete the sentences with information heard on the recording.

10

3

Multiple matchingGeneral gist, detail, main points, purpose, attitude, opinion, feeling

Five short related monologues, of approximately 30 seconds each. The five multiple-matching questions require selection of the correct option from a list of eight.

5

4

Multiple choiceOpinion, attitude, detail, gist, main idea, specific information

An interview or an exchange between two speakers lasting approximately 3-4 minutes. There are seven multiple-choice questions, each with three options.

7

PAPER 4 SPEAKING 14 minutes

Part Task type and format Focus Timing

1A conversation between the interlocutor and each candidate (spoken questions).

General interactional and social language. 2 minutes

2An individual ‘long turn’ for each candidate with a brief response from the second candidate. In turn, the candidates are given a pair of photographs to talk about.

Organising a larger unit of discourse; comparing, describing, expressing opinions.

4 minutes

3

A two-way conversation between the candidates. The candidates are given spoken instructions with written and visual stimuli, which are used in a decision-making task.

Sustaining an interaction, exchanging ideas, expressing and justifying opinions, agreeing and / or disagreeing, suggesting, speculating, evaluating, reaching a decision through negotiation, etc.

4 minutes

4A discussion on topics related to the collaborative task (spoken questions).

Expressing and justifying opinions, agreeing and / or disagreeing. 4 minutes

First Certificate in English – Exam Overview

6

CEFR Skills Descriptors

Reading

WRiting

C Can understand and interpret critically virtually all forms of the written language.

B2Can read with a large degree of independence, adapting style and speed of reading to different

texts and purposes, and using appropriate reference sources selectively.

B1Can read straightforward factual texts on subjects related to her/his field and interest with a

satisfactory level of comprehension.

A2Can understand short, simple texts on familiar matters of a concrete type which consists of

high frequency everyday or job-related language.

A1Can understand very short, simple texts a single phrase at a time, picking up familiar names,

words and basic phrases and rereading as required.

A0 Not enough information to allow for any meaningful inferences about the candidate’s ability

CCan write clear, smoothly flowing, complex texts in an appropriate and effective style and a

logical structure which helps the reader to find significant points.

B2Can write clear, detailed texts on a variety of subjects related to her/his field of interest and

shows an ability to use different registers within written texts.

B1Can write straightforward connected texts on a range of familiar subjects within her/his field

of interest by linking a series of shorter discrete elements into a linear sequence.

A2Can write a series of simple phrases and sentences linked with simple connectors like ‘and’, ‘but’

and ‘because’.

A1 Can write simple isolated phrases and sentences.

A0 Not enough information to allow for any meaningful inferences about the candidate’s ability.

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment (CEFR) is a framework of reference created to provide a transparent, coherent and comprehensive basis for the elaboration of language syllabuses and curriculum guidelines, along with the elaboration of teaching and learning materials, and the assessment of foreign language proficiency across Europe. CEFR makes it possible to compare language skills, tests and exams across languages and national boundaries. It has become the standard throughout Europe, and it’s beginning to be used globally because it’s suitable for any European language, and it’s not specific to any particular course, curriculum or exam. It describes foreign language proficiency at six levels: A0, A1, A2, B1, B2, C.

7

CEFR Skills Descriptors

Speaking

LiStening

CCan produce clear, smoothly flowing well-constructed speech with an effective logical

structure which helps the recipient to notice and remember significant points.

B2Can give clear, systematically developed descriptions and presentations on a wide range of

subjects related to her/his field of interest, with appropriate highlighting of significant points,

and relevant supporting detail.

B1Can reasonably fluently sustain a straightforward description of one of a variety of subjects

within her/his field of interest, presenting it as a linear sequence of points.

A2Can give a simple description or presentation of people, living or working conditions, daily

routines likes/dislikes, etc. as a short series of simple phrases and sentences linked into a list.

A1 Can produce simple descriptions on mainly personal topics.


CHas no difficulty in understanding any kind of spoken language, whether live or broadcast,

delivered at fast native speed.

B2Can understand the main ideas of propositionally and linguistically complex speech on both

concrete and abstract topics delivered in a standard dialect, including technical discussions in

her/his field of specialisation.

B1Can understand straightforward factual information about common everyday or job related

topics, identifying both general messages and specific details, provided speech is clearly

articulated in a generally familiar accent.

A2Can understand enough to be able to meet needs of a concrete type provided speech is clearly

and slowly articulated.

A1Can follow speech which is very slow and carefully articulated, with long pauses for him/her to

assimilate meaning.


8

has developed a greater flexibility and an ability to deal with

the unexpected and to rely less on fixed patterns of language

and short utterances. There is also a developing awareness

of register and the conventions of politeness and degrees of

formality as they are expressed through language.’

In detail, B2 level abilities are as follows.

Reading

I can recognise whether a text provides factual information

or if it seeks to encourage readers to do something or to

convince them of something.

In a newspaper article on a controversial theme of current

interest (for example experiments on animals or the building

of motorways) drafted in a way that makes it comprehensible

for everyone, I can understand the different points of view

put forward.

I can rapidly go through long, complicated texts and pick out

important pieces of information.

I can read and understand factual texts dealing with subjects I

am not familiar with, provided that I can consult a dictionary

from time to time.

I can quickly look through a users’ manual (for a computer

programme for example) and find and understand the

corresponding explanations and the help I require to solve a

specific problem.

Writing

I can draft detailed texts (for example essays, reports and

summaries) on numerous subjects that interest me; in so

doing I can provide information and present and compare

different positions and also express my own thoughts.

In an essay, I can present a problem and discuss it in a

systematic manner; I can clearly underline the important

points and weigh up different possibilities.

I can express my own opinion by addressing different aspects

constituting arguments for or against the issue.

I know how to obtain, by letter or e-mail, the information

I require for a particular purpose (for example for writing

a project on job opportunities); I can also gather this

information in writing and forward it to other people.

I can make a written summary of information which I have

heard or read.

Listening

I can fully understand detailed instructions, for example on

how to take part in a radio competition or of what I should

Cambridge English: First is focused on a level of English

suitable for everyday study and work environments. It proves

that a student has the language ability to:

• study at an upper-intermediate level, such as foundation,

pathway, or pre-sessional programmes

• start working in an English-speaking environment

• live independently in an English-speaking country.

A student with a Cambridge English: First qualification should

be able to:

• understand the main ideas of complex pieces of writing

• keep up a conversation on a fairly wide range of topics,

expressing opinions and presenting arguments

• produce clear, detailed writing, expressing opinions and

explaining the advantages and disadvantages of different

points of view.

The exam has four papers which test the full range of

candidates’ English skills, using tasks reflecting situations

found in everyday life or study:

PAPER CoNTENT

Reading and Use of English

(1 hour 15 minutes)

7 parts/52

questions

Writing

(1 hour 20 minutes)

2 parts

Listening

(about 40 minutes)

4 parts/30

questions

Speaking

(14 minutes per pair of candidates)

4 parts

According to the Common European Framework of Reference

for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment (CEFR) ‘B2 level

may be referred to as an intermediate stage of proficiency.

Users at this level are expected to be able to handle the main

structures of the language with some confidence, demonstrate

knowledge of a wide range of vocabulary and use appropriate

communicative strategies in a variety of social situations. Their

understanding of spoken language and written texts should

go beyond being able to pick out items of factual information,

and they should be able to distinguish between main and

subsidiary points and between the general topic of a text and

specific detail. They should be able to produce written texts of

various types, showing the ability to develop an argument as

well as describe or recount events. This level of ability allows

the user a certain degree of independence when called upon to

use the language in a variety of contexts. At this level the user

CEFR Language Descriptors – Level B2

9

manner on different subjects relating to my interests and my

schooling.

I can conduct an interview prepared in advance fluently,

spontaneously ask an unprepared question, ask whether I have

fully understood what has been said and discuss interesting

replies in detail.

During a discussion, I can give reasons for and defend

my opinions by providing explanations, putting forward

arguments and making comments on what the others have

said.

I can express myself naturally, fluently and effectively in

conversations.

I can give clear, detailed descriptions on numerous themes

relating to fields which interest me.

I can present something in a clear, systematic manner and

appropriately highlight the main points and important details.

I can present a problem in a critical manner and weigh up

the advantages and disadvantages of various solutions to the

problem.

I can make an oral summary of short excerpts of radio or

television programmes.

I can give a detailed account of my own experiences, describe

emotions that I have felt and the way I have reacted.

I can talk for a relatively long time on familiar subjects (for

example music and bands); I can describe and compare some

of the aspects in detail.

do after I hurt myself while practising sport.

I can understand television documentaries, interviews, talk

shows, plays and most films, provided they are in standard

language and not in dialect.

I can follow most radio programmes on topical subjects,

provided that standard language is used, and I can also

identify the mood or tone of the people speaking.

I can fully understand what is being said to me, even in a

noisy environment, provided people talk in standard language.

I can follow someone when they talk for a relatively long

time and explain something quite difficult, provided that

what they say is clearly structured and that I am more or less

familiar with the subject.

I can understand a film, even if it uses a lot of colloquial and

special expressions.

At school or on a training course, I can understand the main

points made in a lecture, where the content and the language

used is complex.

Speaking

I can talk with other people about impressions, ideas or

feelings, for example about what feelings music arouses in us.

I can express my ideas and opinions precisely and put

forward persuasive arguments; I can also respond to complex

arguments put forward by others.

I can speak fluently, effectively and in a generally correct

CEFR Language Descriptors – Level B2

10

Exam in Detail happens in Parts 1, 5, 6 or 7, they will need to rub out

the mark they have made and mark a different lozenge.

In Parts 2, 3 and 4, they should clearly rub out the word

or words and replace them. They should not try altering

the word itself as this will make it unclear. They should

not put the word in brackets as it will appear to be an

alternative.

• Make your students aware that correct spelling is

essential in Parts 2, 3 and 4.

• Remind your students that handwriting should be clear so

that it can be read easily by the markers.

• Give your students wide practice in completing the

answer sheet. When writing their answers on the answer

sheet, they must be careful to make sure that they put

the answer by the appropriate question number. This

is especially important if they leave some questions

unanswered. They must also be sure to write in capital

letters in Parts 2, 3 and 4.

• Make sure your students are familiar with the format of

the tasks. Train them to read carefully the instructions on

the front page of the question paper and at the start of

each task. The instructions give a brief context for each

text and remind candidates what they have to do.

• Show your students how to fill in the answer sheet and

give them practice in doing this in a timed exercise.

Explain to them that they can transfer their answers after

each task or at the end of the paper.

• When your students are familiar with the different task

types, discuss with them which part(s) take them longer

to complete and work out with them possible timings

for each task. Remind them that each task is worth

approximately equal marks.

PART 1 Multiple-choice cloze

This part focuses on vocabulary and grammar.

It consists of a text in which there are eight gaps (plus one

gap as an example). Each gap stands for a missing word

or phrase. The text is followed by eight questions of four

options, each corresponding to a gap. Candidates are required

to draw on their lexical knowledge and understanding of

the text in order to fill the gaps with the correct option.

Some questions test at a phrasal level, such as collocations

and set phrases. Other questions test meaning at sentence

level or beyond, with more processing of the text required. A

lexico-grammatical element may be involved, such as when

candidates have to choose the option which fits correctly

with a following preposition or verb form.

PAPER 1 READING

General tips

• Your students should be encouraged to read a wide range

of texts both in class and at home so that they build up

a broad vocabulary and become familiar with the many

uses of different lexical and grammatical structures.

Classroom reading can include coursebooks and reading-

skills books at this level, as well as articles available on

the Internet and current articles from newspapers and

magazines of topics of interest.

• As part of the homework assignments, your students

could be asked to provide weekly verbal or written

reviews of the texts they have read. Where possible,

encourage them to follow up on their hobbies and

interests by reading magazines or Internet blogs about

sport, travels, wildlife, music, fashion, etc. in English.

Reading up about hobbies and interests could also lead to

written articles for a class project, or short talks.

• While it could be useful for your students to refer to

dictionaries and grammar books in training, they should

also try to be independent of reference books by, for

example, guessing the meaning of unknown words from

the context, as they are not permitted to use dictionaries

during the exam.

• Train your students to plan their time carefully and not

spend too long on any one part of the test, but remember

them keeping a few minutes at the end of the test to

check through their answers. The various parts of the test

can be done in any order.

• Where texts have a title, encourage your students to pay

attention to it as it will indicate the main theme of the

text.

• Train your students to read through each text carefully

before answering the questions so that they have a clear

idea of what it is about.

• In Parts 2 and 4, there may be more than one permissible

answer for a question. However, students should only give

one answer for each question. If they give two answers,

and one of them is incorrect, they will not be given a

mark. If they want to change an answer, they should rub

it out.

• Students should refer to existing examples to help them

understand what they have to do. Remind them that in

the examination they must not write the answer to the

example on their answer sheet.

• Sometimes candidates may decide that the answer they

have written is wrong and wish to change it. If this

11

Exam in Detail within fixed phrases. The answer will always be a single word.

In some cases, there may be more than one possible answer

and this is allowed for in the mark scheme. The absence or

misuse of punctuation is irrelevant.

Teaching tips

• As in Part 1, candidates need to read the words which

follow the gap as well as those which come before it. Tell

your students that they should make sure that if they are

filling the gap with a verb, it agrees with its subject.

• Remind students to keep in mind a sense of the whole

text.

• Make your students aware that they must use only one

word to fill each gap. They should never use abbreviations

(‘sthg’ for ‘something’), and they should not fill any of the

gaps with a contraction ( ‘didn’t’, ‘he’ll’), as these count as

two words (excepted only ‘can’t’ = cannot).

PART 3 Word formation

In this part, there is an emphasis on vocabulary.

Part 3 consists of a text containing eight gaps (plus one

gap as an example). At the end of some of the lines, and

separated from the text, there is a stem word in capital

letters. Candidates need to form an appropriate word from

given stem words to fill each gap.

The focus of this task is primarily lexical, though an

understanding of structure is also required. It tests the

candidates’ knowledge of how prefixes, suffixes, internal

changes and compounds are used in forming words.

Teaching tips

• Students should be made aware of the range of words

which can be formed from the same stem word, e.g. ‘act,

‘action, ‘actor, ‘active, ‘actively’, and the negative forms of

these words e.g. ‘inactive’. When they see the stem word

at the end of a line, they must not automatically write a

related word which they know well as their answer. They

need to read the surrounding sentence to decide carefully

what the missing word is.

• Remember your students that the sense of the text

around the gap will help them decide if it is necessary to

put the word in the plural, or to make it negative.

• Make your students aware that answers will not always

need only prefixes or suffixes to be added to a word;

sometimes internal changes will need to be made (e.g.

‘deep’ to ‘depth’).

Teaching tips

• Remind your students that different types of words

are tested in this part. Sometimes it is necessary to

choose between words with a similar meaning, e.g.

choosing ‘enticing’ rather than ‘irresistible’, ‘attractive’

or ‘tempting? to fill the gap in ‘I was very hungry and

chocolate cake looked …. ’. At other times it will be

necessary not simply to know the meaning but also to

know which word is correct because of the preposition,

adverb or verb form which follows, e.g. choosing ‘happy’

rather than ‘contented’, ‘glad’ or ‘cheerful’ to fill the gap

in ‘You may be … with this arrangement’.

• Give your students practice in recognising the differences

in meaning between similar words, e.g. ‘shout’ and

‘yell’. They should try to learn whole phrases as well as

individual words in context, and they should be aware

that knowing the grammatical patterns and collocations

of words is as important as knowing their meaning.

• This part of the paper also tests collocations, such as ‘to

be aware of’, and linking phrases such as ‘even if’. Phrasal

verbs are also tested here: the whole of the phrasal verb,

e.g. ‘get through’, just the verb itself, e.g. ‘get’, or just

the preposition or adverb which follows the verb, e.g.

‘through’’. Thus, some questions test at a phrasal level,

while others test meaning at sentence level or beyond,

with more processing of the text required.

• Remind your students to make sure the answer they

choose fits into the sentence. Get them used to reading

all the options for any question before deciding which

one fills the gap correctly. Often, the word following the

gap is crucial to determine which of the options is the

only one correct.

• Make your students aware that it is important that the

mark they make in the lozenge on the answer sheet for

each answer is firm and clear and done in pencil.

PART 2 Open cloze

In this part, there is an emphasis on grammar and

vocabulary.

Part 2 consists of a text in which there are eight gaps (plus

one gap as an example). In this part, as there are no sets of

words from which to choose the answers, candidates have

to think of a word which will fill the gap correctly. The focus

of the gapped words is either grammatical, such as articles,

pronouns, prepositions, auxiliaries, verb tenses and forms, or

lexicogrammatical, such as phrasal verbs, linkers and words

12

Exam in Detail Candidates are also tested on their ability to recognise

meaning from context and follow text organisation features,

such as exemplification, comparison and reference.

Part 5 consists of a text, followed by six 4-option multiple-

choice questions which test the understanding of content

and text organisation. The text may be taken from a modern

novel or an article. Questions may focus on the main ideas or

details in the text, and on the attitudes or opinions expressed.

Candidates may also be asked to deduce the meaning of

a word or phrase and to demonstrate understanding of

references, such as pronouns, within the text. Additionally,

questions may focus on the tone of the text or the writer’s

purpose, as well as the use of exemplification or comparison.

These questions may require candidates to infer the meaning

from clues in the text, a skill which is an essential part of

reading ability.

The 4-option multiple-choice questions are presented in the

same order as the information in the text so that candidates

can follow the development of the writer’s ideas as they

work through the questions. The final question may require

candidates to interpret an aspect of the text as a whole.

Teaching tips

• Train your students to read through the text before

looking at the questions. As three out of the four options

are incorrect, there is no point in trying to absorb them

all before tackling the text.

• Get your students to read each question carefully so that

they have some idea of what they need to look for.

• Warn your students about the risks of ‘word spotting’, that

is assuming that an option must be correct simply because

it contains a word that is also in the text. Students need

to check that the meaning of an option is reflected in the

text, not that one word is the same in both.

• When the questions take the form of incomplete

sentences, encourage your students to read both parts of

the sentence carefully. They need to check that the whole

sentence matches what is written in the text and not just

the phrase in option A, B, C or D.

PART 6 Gapped text

In this part, there is an emphasis on text structure, cohesion

and coherence, and candidates’ ability to follow the

development of a long text.

Part 6 consists of one text, for example an extract from a

magazine, from which six sentences have been removed and

placed in jumbled order after the text, together with an extra

PART 4 Key word transformation

In this part, there is an emphasis on grammar and vocabulary.

Part 4 consists of six questions (plus an example) containing three

parts: a lead-in sentence, a key word, and a second sentence of

which only the beginning and end are given. Candidates have

to fill the gap in the second sentence using between two and

five words, one of which must be the key word. The completed

sentence must be similar in meaning to the lead-in sentence, and

the key word must not be changed in any way.

In this part of the paper the focus is both lexical and

grammatical and a range of structures is tested. The ability

to express a message in a different way shows flexibility and

resource in the use of language.

The mark scheme splits the answer into two parts and

candidates gain one mark for each part which is correct.

Teaching tips

• In preparing for this part of the paper, practice in

paraphrasing is crucial. So have students rewriting

sentences from texts, saying things again ‘in other words’,

as well as working on lexical synonyms and grammatical

transformations. The aim of this test is to have students

producing a new sentence with the word given, whose

meaning is, as far as possible, the same as the lead-in

sentence.

• Remind your students that the answer must be between

two and five words. Answers with more than five words

will not be awarded the marks.

• Make your students aware that they must use the key

word in their answer and they must not change it in

any way. If they do not use it or if they alter it, they

will not be awarded the marks. Make them sure they

pay careful attention to any verb in the final part of the

second sentence as it will often indicate whether to use a

singular or plural noun in the answer.

• Remind your students that when writing their answers,

they should only write the words that are needed to fill

the gap, including the key word, not the entire sentence.

• As in Part 2, they must count contracted words (with

the exception of ‘can’t’ = ‘cannot’) as the full form (e.g.

‘didn’t’ = two words ‘did not’).

PART 5 Multiple choice

In this part, there is an emphasis on detailed understanding

of a text, including the expression of opinion, attitude,

purpose, main idea, detail, tone, implication and gist.

13

Exam in Detail text matches a question will help students to check

their choices carefully. Once again, remember them not

to choose an answer on the basis of similar vocabulary

alone.

• Give your students plenty of opportunity to read

book and film reviews or articles in which a number

of different people express their thoughts about their

hobbies, interests etc. You could also ask students, either

as a pair or group activity in class, or as a homework

assignment, to devise their own Part 7 task, based on

texts you provide or ones that they find for themselves.

Writing challenging questions for their classmates to try

will help the students understand what clues they will

need to look for when tackling a real Part 7 task.

PAPER 2 WRITING

General tips

• Candidates are asked to write 140 – 190 words for

both Part 1 and Part 2. Writing approximately the

right number of words is an integral part of task

achievement. Both a fewer number of words (likely

meaning that the task has not been successfully

completed) or exceeding numbers of words (it might

involve irrelevance, repetition of ideas) have a negative

effect on the target reader. Each question on this

paper carries equal marks.

• For both parts, train your students to examine the

questions carefully, focusing on the most important

elements. Candidates write most effectively when they

choose tasks and topics suited to their interests and

experience; when training, make sure they can identify

topics and question format which are most accessible

to them. More, they need to attentively consider who

the target reader is for each task and try to write in an

appropriate style and tone.

• They need to make a plan. It’s important to refer closely

to the question, look for opportunities to develop their

ideas and show their own range of language. Remind

them the importance of using a variety of linking words,

since it ensures that the flow of ideas in the writing is

logical and easy for the reader to follow. Moreover, in

case of mistakes, the examiner will always give credit for

the complex language attempted as long as the mistakes

do not disrupt communication.

• Make sure they are aware of the importance of spelling

and punctuation. Although spelling errors and faulty

sentence which does not fit in any of the gaps. Candidates are

required to decide which is the correct place of each sentence

in the text. The task tests understanding of how texts are

structured. Rather than concentrating on single sentences,

candidates need to be able to follow the evolution of ideas,

opinions and events through the text as a whole.

Teaching tips

• Your students will need practice in reading through the

text with gaps in it first so that they can get an overall

idea of its structure and the development of the author’s

ideas, before starting to do the task.

• Make sure students look carefully at the information

before and after the gap. Sometimes they make the

wrong choices by selecting options which seem at first

to fit the text before the gap, and failing to check the

logical suitability of the text after the gap.

• Give your students plenty of practice in recognising a

wide range of linguistic devices which mark the logical

and cohesive development of a text, such as pronouns,

repetition, exemplification, concordance of tenses, words

and phrases indicating time periods, cause and effect,

contrasting arguments, etc.

• As in Part 5, it is important to discourage your students

from relying on ‘word spotting’. Train them to check all

the other linguistic clues carefully before making their

final decision.

PART 7 Multiple matching

In this part, there is an emphasis on locating specific

information and detail, and recognising opinion and attitude,

in one long text or a group of short texts.

Part 7 consists of one long text or up to six shorter texts,

preceded by 10 questions. Candidates are required to locate

the specific information which matches the questions. To do

this, they need to

understand detail, attitude or opinion in the question and

locate a section of text where that idea is expressed, rejecting

ideas in other sections which may appear similar but which

do not reflect the

whole of the question accurately. Some of the options may be

correct for more than one question.

Teaching tips

• Train your students to skim and scan texts quickly for

specific information in order to prepare for this task.

• Asking them to tell you why a particular part of the

14

Exam in Detail a path for the reader to follow, are all aspects of

organisation which should be practised and developed.

• Since students must also express a third, distinct opinion

of their own, brainstorming ideas for different topics will

be very useful practice for this purpose. Make them aware

that if they should fail to deal with any of the three essay

prompts, the candidate will be penalised.

PART 2 Article, email/letter, report, review

Each writing task in Part 2 has a context, a purpose for writing

and a target reader specified in no more than 70 words.

The input for tasks in Part 2 is markedly less than in Part 1.

Candidates choose the task they want to develop (an article, a

report, a story, a review, an informal or formal letter or email).

The questions are general questions, based on topics ranging

from health, fitness and sport to music and such: candidates

are expected to show that they are aware of the kind of

writing required to accomplish a specific task. Attention to

every element in the question is crucial for effective task

achievement. Candidates should consider carefully what level

of language register they have to use while putting together

and developing their ideas on a topic, and also keeping a

target reader in mind.

Teaching tips

• Since there is always a choice of task types in Part

2, students should avoid a particular task type if it is

unsuited to their interests or experience.

• The tasks in Part 2 give candidates a chance to show

their range of language. They need to think carefully

about who the target reader is for each task and try to

write in an appropriate style and tone. While working

in class, encourage your students to use a variety of

grammatical structures and make the most of the use of

new vocabulary and expressions.

PAPER 3 LISTENING

General tips

• To improve students’ listening abilities, their training

should include a ‘hearing English’ section (audio or video

recordings) with a wide range of voices, accents and

styles of delivery, not neglecting classroom discussion

activities too, which provide an invaluable source of

listening practice.

punctuation are not specifically penalised, they can

sometimes make the text unclear.Remind them of the

importance of a final check of their work.

• Candidates must write their answers in the answer

booklet. It is important to write clearly so that their

answers are easy to read. Any corrections they need to

make should be clear so that the examiner can follow and

mark what they have written.

PART 1 Essay

This part focuses on agreeing or disagreeing with a given

statement and writing an essay, with accurate language control.

In Part 1, the task will be in the form of an essay question

with prompts, a direct question or a statement. Candidates

will be asked to agree or disagree with a statement,

give information or explanations, or express their own

opinion on a question, give reasons, compare and draw

conclusions. The essay must be written in grammatically

correct English, using a neutral or formal register. The essay

will have two given prompts which supply ideas clearly

linked to the question or statement. Candidates must

address both prompts and also introduce a third distinct

idea of their own. This third idea is in addition to any

overall conclusions. Effective organisation and cohesion are

important features of a successful essay.

Teaching tips

• It’s crucial that candidates read all the texts given very

carefully in order to understand what they are requested

to do. Remember them to keep to the focus of the topic

in question.

• Their ideas and opinions should always be relevant to

the question, and presented in a clear and logical way,

making the development of the essay smooth and easy to

follow. Varying the length of sentences, using direct and

indirect questions and using a variety of structures may

all help to communicate ideas more effectively.

• Also, point out to your students the importance of using a

wide vocabulary to discuss current issues and aspects of life.

• A successful essay is well-organised and coherent.

Students need practice in planning an essay effectively,

so they can become familiar with a range of structures

which can be used when comparing, contrasting,

agreeing, disagreeing, explaining, informing and giving

opinions with reasons or examples. The correct use

of linking words and phrases, the appropriate use of

cohesive devices and the use of paragraphs to create

15

Exam in Detail PART 2 Sentence completion

This part tests candidates’ ability to listen and locate

specific information and stated opinion, from a single long

text, and produce written answers by completing gapped

sentences.

Texts may be in the form of broadcasts, talks or classroom

presentations. The 10 questions are incomplete sentences

given in the same order as in the listening text. Candidates

need to listen to the text and complete the sentences.

Answers can be one to three words in length. The word or

phrase required will be heard on the recording and will not

need to be changed in any way.

Teaching tips

• Remember your students they have to read the whole

text: not only the text in front of the gap, but also the

text which follows the gap, which is most likely the part

that may affect their answer the most.

• Warn them not to write more than required, or to

rephrase what they hear on the recording: no changes are

required to the key information, and answers will need no

more than three words.

• Remember them that minor spelling errors are not

penalised, but the candidate’s intention must be clear and

unambiguous.

PART 3 Multiple matching

In Part 3, the focus is on the skill of listening for general gist,

detail, attitude, opinion etc.

In this part, candidates need to match an option to the

correct speaker. They listen to five short texts by different

speakers, which are related in some way – they may all

be speaking about aspects of the same subject, such as a

book, or about similar experiences, such as a music festival.

Candidates choose the option from an array of eight, which

matches what each speaker says.

Teaching tips

• It is really important for candidates to use the time

they are given to read through the questions, since they

need to have a clear idea of what they are listening

for. Students could practise doing the exercise with the

transcript, so that they can see the kind of matching

required. Other relevant exercises would be any which

practise ‘expressing the same thing in a different way’.

• While listening to a text, train your students to identify

the stressed syllables and words (the ones which carry

the message) rather than trying to listen for every single

syllable.

• During the class activities, try varying the focus of the

listening tasks; you can alternatively encourage your

students to listen for specific things, and for grasping the

overall gist.

• Remind your students that the information on the

question paper is given to help them follow as they listen.

They should use the time allowed before each recording

to read through all the questions carefully, so they are

prepared for what they hear.

• Students should get used to answering all the questions,

even if they are not sure of the correct answer. Similarly,

they should know when to stop focusing on a question

which they are finding too difficult, so that they don’t

miss the next question.

• Remind students that they should write their answers for

Part 2 in CAPITAL LETTERS, copying them clearly onto the

answer sheet.


This part tests candidates’ ability to listen for gist, detail,

function, purpose, attitude, opinion, genre, agreement, etc. in

a series of unrelated short texts.

This part of the paper presents eight questions. All the

questions are each preceded by a context sentence which is

read out on the recording. The candidates then have time to

read each question before hearing the recording twice.

Teaching tips

• In class practicing, try using a variety of short texts. The

topics should range from opinions to events, from people

to places, from reasons to relationships. Provide the text

and options, but get the students to write the questions

themselves.

• A good training could be playing real-life situations to

your students (a radio broadcasting, a TV advertisement,

a weather report, a conference notice) and ask them to

identify the text type and topic.

• Warn your students about the risk of being distracted

by hearing words or phrases in the text which appear

in one of the incorrect options. They need to practise

spotting such mismatches, and understanding why they

are wrong.

16

Exam in Detail in classroom activities. It will give them practice in skills

such as initiating and responding, paraphrasing a word or

a sentence, asking for explanation or repetition.

• Throughout the test, they will be given instructions or

prompts which they should follow attentively, so that

they know precisely what they have to talk about. They

should be aware of the different interaction patterns

(who speaks to whom) and timing.

• Encourage your students to speak clearly so that they

can be heard by both examiners. If needed, they can ask

the examiner to repeat the instructions or a question: it

won’t affect the final result of the test.

PART 1 Interview

This part tests the candidates’ ability to use social and

interactional language.

Here candidates have the opportunity to show their ability

to use general social and interactional language, and to

give basic personal information about themselves, since

they are asked questions about their own lives focused on

areas such as work, leisure time and future plans. Candidates

are expected to respond to the interlocutor’s questions,

and to listen to what their partner has to say, but not to

spontaneously talk to each other in this part of the test.

Speaking Part 1 represents a natural opening to a further

interaction, giving candidates time to gain self-confidence

before dealing with the more specific speaking tasks in the

following parts.

Teaching tips

• In preparing for this part of the test, students will benefit

from finding opportunities to practise talking about

themselves. They will be asked questions about aspect

of their everyday lives such as sport, holidays, how they

spend their free time, their work experience and so on.

Train your students to give complete and spontaneous

answers quickly.

• Remember your students they should always be looking

for opportunities to socialise with English speakers. If this

is not always possible, class role-playing social occasions

such as meeting new people, parties, journeys, starting

a new activity etc. could be a good alternative. This will

give them the opportunity to practise a range of topics to

use for this part of the test.

• You can have your students create possible questions

from the most common categories, and then have the

different groups answer each other’s questions.

• If your students are at all unsure about an answer, they

should wait for the second listening before making their

final decision. Making an impulsive or a hasty decision

may mean that a candidate ‘burns up’ an answer that

belongs to another speaker.


In Part 4, candidates’ ability to listen for opinion, attitude,

gist, main idea, and specific information is being tested.

Part 4 usually consists of interviews or discussions between

two speakers, and seven questions in the form of 3-option

multiple-choice questions. They are given in the order of the

interaction on the recording.

Teaching tips

• As a training for this task, it can be useful for students

to answer questions in their own words before reading the

options; they can then decide which option seems to match

most closely to their own answer.

PAPER 4 SPEAkING

In the final test of the FCE candidates are to demonstrate,

in a controlled but friendly environment, their ability to use

their spoken language skills effectively. The standard format

of the test consists of four parts, with two candidates being

tested by two examiners (an interlocutor and an assessor) in

14 minutes. In cases of an uneven number of candidates, the

last session will be taken by three candidates together instead

of two, and it will last 20 minutes instead of 14. All the rest

of the test is unchanged. Each part of the test is assessed, and

each focuses on a different kind of interaction: between the

interlocutor and each candidate, between the two candidates,

and among all three.

Of the two examiners, the only one taking part in the

interaction is the interlocutor, who conducts the test and

gives a global assessment of each candidate’s performance,

while the assessor merely focuses on listening to, and making

an assessment of, each candidate’s speaking expertise. At

the end of the Speaking test, candidates are thanked for

attending without being given any indication of the level of

their performance.

General tips

• Have your students working in pairs and small groups

17

Exam in Detail a series of mere statements. Train them to concentrate

on language useful to this aim, mainly focusing on ways

of expressing similarity and difference such as ‘in this

picture there’s….whereas in the other there’s…’.

PART 3 Collaborative task

This part tests the candidates’ ability to engage in a discussion

and to work toward a negotiated outcome of the task set.

Whit the task in Part 3 candidates are given the opportunity

to show their range of language and their ability to bring

about theirs partner’s opinions. They are given a discussion

question, together with five written prompts meant to help

them by providing the ground ideas for their discussion.

Candidates are not expected to discuss all five prompts in the

given time but they should continue their argumentation on

the chosen prompts only until the interlocutor stops them.

Candidates have to express and justify their opinions and

speculate in order to have a conversation which answers the

discussion question. The interlocutor will then ask candidates

a second question meant to encourage them to summarise

their discussion and to work towards a negotiated decision.

They are assessed on their ability to hold a conversation, turn-

taking appropriately, and use the language of negotiation and

collaboration while doing this. The task is opinion-based and

there is no right or wrong answer.

Teaching tips

• In this part of the test the candidates will be given a

question to discuss. Train your students to use the written

prompts as fully as possible. The interlocutor will then ask

a question encouraging candidates to reach a decision by

agreeing or disagreeing with each other.

• One of the crucial aspect examined in this part is

the candidates’ interaction while carrying out the

task assigned. Remind your students to make positive

contributions to put the discussion forward. Train them

to reply to each other’s inputs by showing agreement or

disagreement, and then questioning each other, rather

than just giving sheer information about the task. Assure

them they will not lose marks if they fail to reach a

decision.

• Given the fact that all classroom discussion in pairs and

small groups are an excellent training, it may also be

useful to focus on accurate production of functional

language likely to be useful in this test, as well as ways

of expressing and justifying opinions, and agreeing and

disagreeing.

PART 2 Long turn

This part tests the candidates’ ability to produce an extended

piece of discourse.

In Part 2, the task requires candidates to speak for 1 minute

without interruption to show their ability to organise their

thoughts and ideas, and express themselves coherently with

proper language.

Each candidate will be shown two colour photographs

to compare and comment, following the instruction read

out by the examiner. Above the photographs there is a

direct question given as a prompt. Candidates are expected

to highlight similarities and differences between the

photographs, and then progress with answering the questions

about the two photographs. The other candidate is also asked

to comment shortly (about 30 seconds) after their partner’s

long turn, during which they are not allowed to speak.

Teaching tips

• Remind your students to listen carefully to the

instructions, especially the words which follows ‘and

say’, and read the question above the photographs. They

may otherwise miss the focus of the task and /or find

it difficult to speak appropriately for the full minute.

Candidates should be fully confident they know what

they have to say before they start the test.

• Sometimes, a minute may seem quite a long time to talk.

Give students plenty of practice at talking for a minute

about a given topic, at organising an extended turn and

at linking their ideas together. Timing this practice your

students will be able to get a real feel for how long a

minute is.

• Another training could be giving you students

thematically linked combination of photographs taken

from magazines and giving these an additional focus as

in the test. For example, you might choose photographs

of two different types of location for a play and ask

your students to compare the photographs and say what

people would enjoy a play in each of the different places.

• This training could be more effective having your

students bringing their own photographs to class and

speaking about them. Get your students to work in pairs

or even small groups to share ideas about what they

might say, before they attempt a task – remember them

they don’t have to give detailed descriptions of each

picture but compare them and to give their impression.

• Make your students aware that comparatives and linking

words are more useful to obtain a more extended and

coherent sample of speech than simply putting together

18

Exam in Detail when they would like to go, where they would go, and

so on. The question ‘Why?’ is useful for nearly all Part 4

questions and the interlocutor will often ask this question

if students fail to give more than a minimal response.

• Since candidates may also be asked to involve their

partner in the discussion, classroom discussions in pairs

and small groups provide excellent training: have your

students practise asking each other for their opinions on

everyday situations and current events, and encourage

them to give full answers to the questions asked in the

way suggested above. It may also be helpful to give pairs

of students different topics and to ask each pair to think

of six discussion questions for their topic.

• Remind your students that there are no right answers

to the questions. candidates will not be judged on their

opinions, only on the language they use to express their

opinions. It is quite acceptable for candidates to admit

to not knowing much about a particular question, but

they should be taught to expand on their views wherever

possible and avoid giving responses such as, ‘I’m not sure’,

‘I don’t know’ or ‘I haven’t thought about that’.

PART 4 Discussion

This part tests the candidates’ ability to engage in a discussion

based on the topic of the collaborative task in Part 3.

In Part 4 candidates are given an opportunity to show that

they are capable of discussing issues more exhaustively than

in the previous parts of the test. The candidates are guided

by the interlocutor’s questions to broaden and discuss further

the topics introduced in Part 3. The main feature is expressed

by their asking primarily for an evaluation rather than for

information.

Teaching tips

• Train your students to reply with full answers to the

questions asked. They can use words such as ‘Why?’,

‘How?’, ‘When?’, ‘Where?’ to develop an appropriate reply

and give full contributions. For example, in response

to a question following Part 3 on the subject of ‘play’,

students could be asked ‘Would you like to go and see

a play like this?’. Students could answer ‘yes’, giving

the reasons why they would like a particular comedy,

19

Exam in Detail

Grammar and Vocabulary for Cambridge English: First (FCE) examination

The Cambridge English: First (FCE) examination is suitable for people who can communicate for practical everyday purposes,

form study to tourism, from leisure to business: it is recognised all around the world by thousands of employers, as well as

colleges and universities, as proof of a proper use of everyday written and spoken English. Candidates should have a wide range

of vocabulary and be able to study or work in an English-speaking environment and cope easily as a tourist. To achieve these

result, it’s crucial trying to improve language and communication skills, reading as much as possible and reading a wide range

of different texts. This will help with aspects of English such as collocation (which words go together), phrasal verbs and how to

use linkers and paraphrases.

Skills commonly tested in the Cambridge English: First (FCE) examination are both grammatical and lexical. Here a short list of

both grammar and vocabulary topics whose knowledge is required to pass the tests.

GRAmmAR VoCABULARy

Present tenses

Past tenses (Past perfect, Past perfect continuous; Present perfect, present

perfect continuous)

Future (simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous)

Expressing time and condition clauses in the future (will and going to,

for prediction)

Conditionals (0, 1, 2, 3)

I wish, if only

Would expressing past habits

Modal verbs

Narrative tenses

Passives

Articles and determiners

Countable and uncountable nouns

Adjectives and adverbs

Adjectives and prepositions

Order of adjectives and adverbs

Comparison of adjectives and adverbs

Use of so, such; too, very, enough, quite, rather

Participles

Question words

Question tags

Linking words and phrases

Prepositions (of time and place; of movement; after verbs and nouns)

Causative sentences with have and get

-ing form and infinitives after verbs and prepositions

Relative clauses

Reported speech

Phrasal verbs

Suffixes and prefixes

Time expressions

Word formation

Compound nouns and adjectives

Adjectives of size, quantity and power

-ed and -ing adjectives

Use of for, since, during, yet

Have, take, bring

Use of Make and do

Want, expect, love

Get and have got

Say, speak, tell, discuss, talk

How to express agreement and disagreement

Phrasal verbs (get, put)

20

8 Excuse me, can you tell me the ___________________ to the

bus station?

A road

B way

C direction

D street

9 ___________________ you remember to buy some milk?

A Have

B Do

C Should

D Did

10 ‘Don’t forget to put the rubbish out.’ ‘I’ve _________________

done it!’

A yet

B still

C already

D even

11 you don’t need to bring ___________________ to drink at

the party. We’ve got plenty of beverages.

A some

B a food

C many

D anything

12 What about going to the movies?

A Good idea!

B Twice a month.

C Yes, I like it.

D I think so.

13 ‘What would you like, Larry?’ ‘I’d like the same

___________________ michael please.

A that

B as

C for

D had

1 how old are you and where are you from?

A I have 16 and I’m from Egypt.

B I am 16 and I’m from Egypt.

C I have 16 years I’m Egypt.

D I am 16 years and I’m Egyptian.

2 how are you? Are you having a nice time?

A Yes, I’m nice.

B Yes, I’m having it.

C Yes, I am.

D Yes, it is.

3 Could you pass me a pen please?

A Over there.

B I don’t know.

C Help yourself.

D Here you are.

4 Last Sunday we went to Bath ___________________ bicycle.

A on

B in

C by

D with

5 The kids were ___________________ after the long journey,

so they went to bed.

A hungry

B hot

C lazy

D tired

6 Jill ___________________ to go camping.

A wanted

B said

C made

D talked

7 Who’s calling, please?

A Just a moment.

B It’s David Parker.

C I’ll call you back.

D Speaking.

Placement TestName ______________________________________________________________ Class ________________ Date ________________________________

Photocopiable © Eli

Choose the correct option A, B, C or D.

21

14 ___________________ students know the answer to that

question.

A Few

B Little

C Least

D A little

15 It’s not ___________________ to walk home by yourself in

the dark.

A sure

B certain

C safe

D like

16 ___________________ sure all the doors are locked.

A Look

B Have

C Wait

D Make

17 I’ll go and ___________________ if I can find him.

A see

B look

C try

D fetch

18 What’s the difference ___________________ soccer and

rugby?

A from

B with

C for

D between

19 my scooter needs ___________________ .

A repairing

B to repair

C to be repair

D repair

20 Lucy was too ___________________ to ask Jonathan for a

dance.

A worried

B shy

C selfish

D polite

21 I haven’t had so much fun __________ I was a young

boy!

A when

B for

C during

D since

22 Sorry, I don’t know ___________________ you’re talking

about.

A that

B what

C which

D why

23 Excuse me, Sir. I’m afraid you ___________________ park in

here.

A could not

B don’t have to

C are not allowed to

D can’t be

24 Everyone wanted to go out ___________________ John.

A apart

B unless

C however

D except

25 Dave won the lottery! It’s true, I’m not ___________________

it up!

A having

B laughing

C making

D joking

26 Eat everything up! I don’t want to see anything

___________________ on your plate!

A left

B missing

C put

D staying

27 Take the m5 ___________________ the roundabout, then go

straight on.

A for

B as far as

C along

D right

Placement Test


Name ______________________________________________________________ Class ________________ Date ________________________________

22

28 I really hope you can find a ___________________ to this

problem.

A result

B way

C conclusion

D solution

29 Could you watch my bag while I go out a minute?

A Of course!

B Never mind.

C If you don’t mind.

D It doesn’t matter.

30 It is ___________________ the law to ride a motorbike

without a helmet.

A under

B against

C over

D beyond

31 Naima had to ___________________ the invitation, as she

was busy studying for her exams.

A take off

B put back

C turn down

D get away

32 The investigators ___________________ that a terrorist

group might be behind the kidnapping.

A suppose

B fancy

C suspect

D accuse

33 When Luka smiles, he ___________________ me of his

grandfather.

A remembers

B recalls

C rethinks

D reminds

34 I’m really looking ___________________ the summer

holidays.

A forward

B towards

C forward to

D for

35 Jason’s dad wouldn’t ___________________ him go to

school on his skateboard.

A allow

B permit

C accept

D let

36 If only I ___________________ sent that text!

A wasn’t

B didn’t

C hadn’t

D haven’t

37 I like Julia for her friendly smile and her

___________________ of humour.

A sense

B manner

C way

D impression

38 These boots are very ___________________ for walking in

the mountains.

A practical

B functional

C realistic

D active

39 ms Raynes wants ___________________ to her office.

A you come

B you to come

C that you come

D you come to

40 They were surprised that over 100 people

___________________ for the job.

A wrote

B applied

C enquired

D requested

41 They ___________________ him of scratching the car.

A blamed

B arrested

C punished

D accused

Placement Test


Name ______________________________________________________________ Class ________________ Date ________________________________

23

42 Sorry about my dog’s behaviour, but she’s just not used

to ___________________ lots of people around her.

A had

B have

C having

D has

43 maria’s got two sisters, but she doesn’t speak to

___________________ of them.

A both

B any

C either

D neither

44 ‘I did this painting all ___________________ my own, Dad,’

said oliver.

A by

B with

C for

D on

45 you ___________________ better check your flight is on

time on your smartphone.

A would

B had

C should

D did

46 This puzzle is ___________________ to be for five year-olds,

but I think a two year-old could do it.

A expected

B required

C obliged

D supposed

47 They had to leave the flat because they couldn’t pay

the ___________________ .

A fare

B hire

C rent

D wage

48 Do you think I should move to Ireland? you shouldn’t

do anything ___________________ you think it’s the right

thing to do.

A when

B unless

C in case

D if

49 ___________________ we get to the top of the mountain,

there’s only another hour to the cabins.

A At the time

B Eventually

C Once

D Finally

50 The language school that I attend is 20 kilometres

___________________ .

A far

B away

C distance

D long

Placement Test


Name ______________________________________________________________ Class ________________ Date ________________________________

24

Student’s Book Answer Key 6 1 a lot of, a lot of 2 any, lots of 3 many 4 much, some

5 a few, too many 6 many, much 7 a large number of

8 a great deal of

7 1 thoughtless 2 misunderstood 3 disagree

4 unbelievable 5 recycling 6 wonderful 7 kindness

8 thoughtful 9 preview 10 rewrite

8 1 piece / slice 2 cups 3 who 4 meal 5 out 6 off 7 such

8 whatever

9 Student’s own answer

10 1 C 2 F 3 A 4 E 5 D

11 Speaker 1 Peanuts Speaker 2 Shellfish Speaker

3 Lactose Speaker 4 Soya Speaker 5 The protein in

cow’s milk

12 1 Peanuts 2 Shellfish 3 lactose intolerance

13 1 a 2 f 3 b 4 e 5 g 6 c 7 d


Writing Buster Pages 20-21

1 1 Yes, she has. 2 Yes, it is, the style is informal. Examples:

‘how about you’ and contractions ‘I’m’, ‘it’d’, ‘you’d’.

3 She begins with ‘Hi Chris’ and ends with ‘All the best’.

4 Yes, it has. 5 a I was wandering if you would be

interested in going b Get, better c Which would suit you

the best? d Good value

2 Hi Brian,

Lovely to hear from you again and that you’re on school

holidays at the same time as me. I’m so happy to be

free from school! Did you already plan your holidays? I

saw an advert for a skiing holiday recently, how about

coming with me? The company offers coaching to various

levels, and I think you’re probably the same level as me,

a beginner, aren’t you? There are also different places to

choose from. I was thinking Andorra would be a good

choice as neither of us has been there. What do you

think? I think a week would be long enough as I suppose

we’d get bored of skiing if we stayed any longer. We

could save some money by choosing the self-catering

option. Would you prefer a three stars hotel?

Can’t wait to see you again soon and give my love to

your mum and dad.

Love,

John

UNIT 1

Society and Identity Pages 8-13


2 1 D 2 A 3 C 4 D 5 A 6 B

3 1 poverty 2 harmonious 3 harmoniously 4 refugee

5 immigration 6 immigrant 7 immigrant 8 citizenship

9 conflict 10 conflicting / conflictive 11 conflictively

12 tolerance 13 tolerant 14 tolerantly 15 negotiation

16 negotiator 17 negotiable 18 cultural 19 culturally

20 integration 21 integrated 22 emigrate 23 emigrant

24 emigrant

4 a integrate b poverty c poor d emigrate e conflict f

immigrant g intolerant

5 1 off 2 over to 3 after 4 for 5 out 6 into 7 up 8 off

with 9 up

6 1 b 2 f 3 a 4 e 5 c 6 d

7 1 c 2 g 3 a 4 j 5 e 6 d 7 f 8 i 9 h 10 b

8 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 C 8 B

9 1 look forward to 2 couldn’t make out 3 have lived

4 made up of 5 have been writing 6 made into


11 1 50% 2 inter-ethnic 3 surface 4 waiting list

5 troublemakers 6 relationships 7 together 8 medium

9 artwork 10 implement

12 1 d 2 c 3 b 4 a



UNIT 2

Food for All! Pages 14-19


2 1 G 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 E 6 F

3 1 I 2 N 3 K 4 D 5 B 6 J 7 L 8 E 9 A 10 G 11 C

12 M 13 F 14 H

4 good for you milk, cereal, juice, pasta, bread, tuna, fruit,

vegetables, olive oil, low-fat cheese, rice / bad for you

chocolate, crisps, cake, biscuits / a little bit’s oK coffee,

soft drinks, butter, red meat, eggs

5 Student’s own answers

25

Student’s Book Answer Key 10 1 fastest 2 Championships 3 medalist 4 weighs 5 best

6 visitors 7 signed 8 most


12 Photo 1 Peking 2008, Photo 2 Athens 2004

13 1 e 2 j 3 a 4 h 5 b 6 i 7 c 8 d 9 f 10 g

14 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 A 5 B 6 B 7 C


UNIT 4

Music: New Scenarios Pages 28-33



3 1 A 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 C 6 A


5 1 burn 2 gig 3 deal 4 upload 5 clip 6 network 7 rip

8 piracy 9 demo 10 unsigned 11 laptop 12 non-

mainstream 13 download

6 1 e 2 d 3 b 4 is the extra one 5 c 6 a; 1 unsigned

2 clips 3 laptop 4 upload 5 deal 6 gig 7 non-

mainstream 8 download 9 burn 10 rip

7 Students’ own answers

8 1 the 2 the, the 3 the 4 the, X 5 X 6 the 7 X 8 X, the,

the 9 The, the 1 0 X, X

9 1 X - young people, MP3 players, the – The Chinese 2 X

– Italy 3 the – the USA, the UK 4 X – Monday 5 the –

the guitar 6 the – the film 7 the – the north of Europe,

the sun, the Internet, the radio, the state 8 X – English

lessons 9 X – on holiday

10 1 The music industry is facing a new challenge. 2 In the

early 1990s, email was still a new phenomenon. 3 Every

day, a hundred million video clips are viewed on the site.

4 Anyone with access to the Internet can decide if a band

is good. 5 One of the songs was recorded using a home-

made amplifier. 6 In the business world, an increasing

number of people are addicted to email.

11 1 B 2 B 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 B 8 D


13 1 online community 2 upload 3 two 4 keep track

5 server 6 fan base 7 rapport 8 deduce 9 scouting

10 home based

14 1 T 2 F 3 F 4 T 5 F 6 T 7 F 8 T

15 C

3 Hi Lucy,

How are you? I haven’t heard from you in ages! Probably

you don’t have time to write, because you are too busy

with school! I was thinking to do something different

this weekend, would you like to come? There is a new

leisure club in town, they organise all kind of indoor

and outdoor activities, such as sports, drama activities,

music lessons. I would like to try tennis, what do you

think about it? Have you ever played tennis? Or, we could

learn to play an instrument, guitar, for example, or the

drums… I think it would be funny! There are a lot of

dates available, but I would choose the 5th or the 9th

June. Which one is better for you? Do you have any other

commitment on those days? The price is 25 pounds for

one week. Do you think it is a reasonable price?

Write me as soon as possible!

All the best,

Luke

UNIT 3

Sports Champions Pages 22-27


2 1 C 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 A 6 C 7 D 8 A 9 D 10 A

3 1 E 2 D 3 A 4 B 5 F 6 C

4 1 amazing 2 astonishing 3 thrilled 4 shocked

5 exhilarated 6 frightened

5 1 est 2 r 3 st 4 double 5 er 6 double 7 est 8 i 9 er

10 i 11 est 12 more 13 the 14 most

6 a better b the best c worse d the worst e more f the

most g better h the best

7 1 the best / the greatest, of 2 the best / the greatest

3 more important, than 4 the largest, in 5 better at,

than 6 nicer than

7 most challenging, ever 8 better than

8 1 I mean, there’s isn’t any difference between the two of

them in speed 2 - it was less expensive then than it had

been before Christmas 3 considering she didn’t revise

for it al all! 4 - we’re late! 5 from people as far away

as Iceland 6 in no fewer than 20 minutes 7 - he must

have missed at least four matches due to injury 8 - she’s

obviously trained a lot in the past few months

9 1 as good as 2 less expensive than 3 far better, than

4 a bit faster 5 as far away as 6 in no fewer than 7 on

more than one occasion 8 a lot better than

26

Student’s Book Answer Keythe planet by cutting less trees.

Another aspect that I really appreciate about digital

communication is that there is not the risk messages are

lost, whereas letters do not always reach the destination!

So, has technology improved communication? My answer

is ‘Yes, it has’!

UNIT 5

To Read or Not to Read Pages 36-41

1 3

2 1 B 2 A 3 D 4 B 5 C 6 D 7 A 8 C 9 D 10 A

3 1 dictionary 2 biography 3 encyclopaedia 4 manual

5 albums 6 guidebook 7 novel 8 atlas 9 logbook

10 diary

4 1 C, D 2 E 3 B 4 A, C, D 5 E 6 A

5 1 g 2 h 3 d 4 e 5 c 6 f 7 a 8 b

6 a When I was at University, I played football every

Saturday. b The alarm clock went off. She woke up

and realized it was very late. c The protesters were

demonstrating loudly in the street, the police were

guarding the embassy, the Saturday afternoon shoppers

were wandering in and out of the shops... d I was sitting

in the sun when I heard somebody ring the door bell. e

When I got off the bus, I realised that somebody had stolen

my purse. f I’d been working very hard for weeks and not

sleeping much when I went down with flu. g She was

doing her homework at 7p.m. yesterday. h While I was

living in Canada, my brother was working in Sweden.

7 1 ’d / had, been living 2 met 3 was rushing 4 ’d / had

overslept 5 stopped 6 realised 7 was going on 8 ran

9 opened 10 jumped 11 slammed 12 was 13 pulled

14 asked 15 was doing 16 didn’t apologise 17 asked

18 was going 19 invited 20 was 21 couldn’t 22 agreed

23 got 24 turned out 25 ’d / had seemed 26 led

8 1 As 2 the 3 as 4 instead 5 that / which 6 where

7 most 8 which



11 1 D 2 E 3 F 4 B 5 A

12 1 Speaker 3 2 Speaker 5 3 Speaker 2 4 Speaker 4

5 Speaker 1

13 1 tedious 2 sequel 3 drearily 4 disdain 5 snippet

14 1 drearily 2 disdain 3 snippets 4 tedious 5 sequel



17 1 restaurant 2 string 3 red 4 waistcoat 5 face 6 tables

7 meal 8 dark out 9 bottles 10 taken 11 costumes

12 dance 13 drum 14 window

18 Students’ own answers


1 1 Yes, it does. 2 He asks questions. 3 Yes, it talks about

washing machines. 4 Yes, he does it very clearly in the

final paragraph. 5 It uses a neutral to informal language.

6 He leaves them with a question to consider. 7 The

writer relates the topic to someone they know, in this

case their grandmother.

2 1 Int 2 End 3 Main 4 Main 5 End 6 Main 7 End

3 Has technology killed peace and quiet?

Have you ever stopped to consider the impact of

technology on your everyday life? Have you ever thought

how technology is making us slaves to our work?

Imagine this scene: a business person is in a café, they are

analysing data on their laptops, at the same time they are

using a palm pilot to check appointments, a client calls

them on their mobile phone, and meanwhile they receive

an email. It doesn’t sound too unusual nowadays, does

it? When do they take a break? The temptation to stay in

contact with people using the technology available to us

is sometimes hard to resist.

I know that when I take a break from studying and lie

on the sofa, you can guarantee that’s the moment a

classmate will send me an sms asking a question about

the next exam.

In my opinion we have to recognise that all these

methods of communication have their usefulness, but

they do need to be turned off occasionally, to give us

time to ourselves. When was the last time you turned

everything off and just had a rest?

4 Digital communication: a better world?

Technology and the Internet have drastically changed

the way we communicate. We can receive messages from

someone who is thousand kilometres away a few seconds

after the other person wrote it, or we can text someone

instead of calling if the person can’t answer the phone

immediately. This has surely improved the quality of our

lives and changed it for the better, because communication

is faster so we don’t need to waste time waiting. We can

easily have contacts with friends or relatives who live far

away, so relationships can become tighter. Still, we don’t

have to use so much paper as before, so we can also help

27

Student’s Book Answer KeyWriting Buster Pages 48-49

1 1 The writer uses three expressions: outfits, clothing,

fashion. 2 The main points the writer gives are save

money, discourage students from judging others, promote

discipline. 3 The main points are uniform expenses and

the suppression of freedom. 4 The writer states their

opinion in the last paragraph. 5 No, he/she doesn’t.

2 The question of whether facial or body piercings

should be allowed in schools has been a hot topic of

debate recently. While many teenagers argue that it

is a fashion and no different to earrings or cosmetics,

teaching staff and parents believe they should not be

allowed in schools. Opponents of piercings hold the

view they are potential health risks. Piercings could be

dangerous during a P.E lesson, for example. Moreover,

as the piercing of under-18’s is illegal, schools should

not approve of them by allowing them to be worn at

school.

On the other hand, there are many who believe that

the current fashion for piercings is just an extension of

earrings, which have been allowed in schools for as long

as anybody can remember, so banning facial piercings

would be hypocritical. Also the art of piercing has been

practiced for hundreds, if not thousands, of years.

In my personal opinion, piercings are just a fashion and

soon nobody will be wearing them. Where there is a

risk of injury, due to the nature of the piercing or the

activity, students with piercings should be forced to

remove them.

3 Some people hold the view that young people spend too

much money on clothes. This attitude is determined by

the influence of media – such as television and magazines

– and people like celebrities, who always wear fashionable

clothes.

Clothes are an important aspect of the life of teenagers

because they represent a way to reflect their personality

or, more often, a way to be accepted from a social group

and become part of it.

In my personal opinion this attitude can become a

problem, because teenagers are not able to understand

the value of money. Most of them don’t have a job, so

they cannot know that you have to work to get what you

want or need. If they always have money to spend for

their clothes, they will think spending all that money on

clothes is not wrong.

In conclusion, I think parents should push teens that

spend to much money on clothes to get a job, in order to

make them learn how to manage money.


17 12, 4, 1, 6, 13, 3, 11, 7, 9, 2, 10, 5, 8 (see Audio Transcript,

p. 242) – They choose one book on cooking and one on

art and photography.



UNIT 6

Your Tomorrow Pages 42-47


2 1 D 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 F 6 E

3 1 D 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 B 6 C

4 1 g 2 a 3 e 4 d 5 k 6 c 7 i 8 b 9 h 10 f 11 j

5 1 resigned 2 retiring 3 state pension 4 interview

5 promotion 6 salary 7 application form 8 got the sack

9 redundant 10 on the dole 11 unemployed

6 1 correct 2 incorrect ... we’ll have been living... 3 correct

4 correct 5 incorrect ... we will be lying... 6 incorrect ... I’ll

pick you up... 7 incorrect ... I’m sure he’ll phone... 8 correct

9 correct 10 incorrect ... it’s going to snow, I’m sure!

7 Answers with alternative future forms could be possible,

but the following are the most natural-sounding ones.

1 ’re getting married 2 ’re you going 3 ’ll be relaxing

4 ’m looking forward to that (this is an example of the

Present Continuous for something in progress at the

moment, rather than a reference to the future) 5 ’s 6 ’s

going to be taking off / ’s going to take off / ’s taking

off 7 is it going to be 8 are you going to do 9 ’ll last

10 ’ll take 11 ’re going to do 12 ’re you going to live /

will you live 13 won’t be /’s not going to be 14 ’s going

to be / ’ll be 15 ’ll be living 16 won’t have 17 ‘s going

to come up with 18 ’ll just have to 19 won’t they 20 ’ll

share (Whilst uncontracted forms wouldn’t be wrong

grammatically, in informal conversations like these,

contracted forms would always be used.)

8 1 succeed 2 reality 3 ethical 4 emotions 5 adaptable

6 contributions 7 resourceful 8 reliable



11 1 C 2 B 3 B 4 A 5 A 6 C 7 A

12 1 nervous 2 bungee jumping 3 turn 4 dummy model

5 knees 6 propelled


28

Student’s Book Answer Key

UNIT 8

On Holiday! Pages 56-61


2 1 C 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 A 6 C

3 1 D camping 2 B cruise 3 E trekking 4 A safari 5 F

sightseeing 6 C guided tour

4 1 B 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 A 8 B

5 1 Who drove 2 What’s happened 3 When did you get

back 4 Who did you go 5 Whose, did you stay 6 What

was 7 Where did you go 8 Which, do you like 9 How

many, went 10 How much did, cost

6 1 7 2 6 3 3 4 5 5 8 6 2 7 4 8 1 9 9 10 10

7 1 do you 2 can’t it 3 are we 4 am I 5 would you 6 were

you 7 did he 8 will you

8 1 travel 2 detailed 3 characteristic 4 hygiene

5 medication 6 comfortable t 7 securely 8 better



11 1 opt 2 burglar 3 rim 4 dawn 5 surge 6 decibel 7 stall

8 prejudice 9 ailment 10 dusk

12 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 B

13 1 F 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 T 6 F 7 T 8 F

14 1 g 2 h 3 j 4 b 5 d 6 i 7 f 8 a 9 e 10 c



1 5, 8, 7, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1

2 1 It is to say why you’re writing. 2 Yes, he does. 3 It

is formal. Examples: ‘I was wondering if it would be

possible’, ‘furthermore’, no contractions. 4 He can be

contracted by phone, the number is included. 5 He is

available whenever they like. 6 He has a good knowledge

of English and local history, he likes meeting new people.

3 Dear Ms Jones and Dear Miss Smith go with ‘Yours

sincerely’, the others with ‘Yours faithfully’.

UNIT 7

Revolutionary Inventions Pages 50-55

1 1 B 2 D 3 A 4 C

2 1 E 2 A 3 D 4 G 5 C 6 B

3 1 They built one of the earliest computers. 2 His most

important invention begin at CERN, the word largest

particle physics laboratory. 3 Because it was one of the

reasons of the extraordinary growth of the Internet. 4 To

make sure their inventions work for the best interests

of all. Student’s own answer. 5 It can be protected

preventing any person or company to have the total

control of it. 6 Student’s own answer.

4 1 come across 2 come down with 3 come into 4 come

up against 5 come round/over 6 come round 7 come

out 8 come up with

5 1 e 2 g 3 d 4 b 5 f 6 c 7 h 8 a

6 1 comes out 2 are coming round/over 3 came across

4 come up with 5 come down with


8 1 e 2 extra invention 3 f 4 g 5 c 6 d 7 b 8 a; a being

used b were ever invented c had never been invented

d have been made e will have been persuaded f ‘re not

turned off g have been / be invented

9 1 get used to working such 2 won’t come with you

unless 3 didn’t let him come 4 as soon as 5 does not

have to / need to 6 came up with


11 1 chocolate dispenser 2 convinced 3 cheques

4 dangerous 5 Pin number 6 withdraw 7 vandalised

8 figure 9 plaque 10 cash

12 1 It dates back to 1967. 2 It was first installed at

Barklays Bank, Enfield, North London. 3 It was an actor.

4 He was in the bath.

5 The Chief Executive of Barklays Bank. 6 It took

cheques soaked in carbon 14. 7 The machine detected

the carbon 14 and matched the cheque to the pin

number. 8 The inventor’s wife. 9 Today there are about

1.6 million cash machines. 10 The speaker feels cash will

be replaced by mobile phones.



29

Student’s Book Answer Key 4 1 wolf in sheep’s clothing 2 catch / kill two birds with

one stone 3 running around like a headless chicken

4 curiosity killed the cat 5 like a lamb to the slaughter

6 can’t teach an old dog new tricks 7 can lead a horse

to water, but you can’t make it drink 8 like a bear with a

sore head

5 1 Either 2 both 3 Neither 4 enough 5 Most of 6 each

of 7 each 8 none 9 most 10 every 11 none of

12 several

6 1 Come and see me whenever you like 2 (You can) bring

whoever you like to the party 3 Whichever dress you

choose, it’ll look good on you 4 However you do it, just

get the work done, 5 Wherever we go skiing, it’s going to

be expensive 6 He won’t change his mind, whatever we

say

7 1 D 2 B 3 B 4 C 5 D 6 D 7 B 8 A


9 1 device 2 harness 3 counselling 4 unruly 5 border

6 debriefing 7 distraught 8 Border collie

10 1 counselling 2 unruly 3 harness 4 border collies

5 distraught 6 device 7 border 8 debriefing

11 1 C 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 B 6 C 7 A

12 1 feeding bowl 2 Londonderry 3 changes 4 unruly

5 background 6 misunderstood 7 harness 8 psyche

9 orders 10 debriefing

11 distraught 12 chasing



UNIT 10

Fashion and Trends Pages 70-75


2 1 D 2 A 3 C 4 extra item 5 B

3 1 A 2 D 3 B 4 D 5 C 6 D 7 C 8 B 9 D 10 C

4 1 smart-casual 2 loose-fitting 3 above the knee

4 timeless 5 broke all the rules 6 outrageous

7 accessories 8 match

5 1 g 2 c 3 e 4 d 5 a 6 b 7 f

6 1 turned, into 2 started off 3 set up 4 paid off

5 turned, back on 6 coming up with 7 looked back

4 Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing in response to your advertisement for retail

assistants which appeared in Friday’s edition of The

English Times. I believe I would be an ideal candidate

for this position as I was employed as a salesperson by

SuperShoes between September 2005 and October 2008.

In that time I gained a lot of experience of the retail

industry and was often praised by the manager of the

store for my professionalism and efficiency.

Regarding my level of English, I shall soon be sitting the

First Certificate exam and am expecting to get an A or a

B grade. The advertisement stated the position was part-

time, which would be perfect for me if the working hours

were on Saturday and Sunday, as I have a full time school

timetable. I can attend an interview from 4pm onwards

on any day of the week.

I look forward to hearing from you soon,

Yours faithfully,

Alex Fontana

5 Dear Mr Brooks,

I am writing to apply for the position of teacher or

assistant at your Children’s Summer Club. One of the

main reasons I’m applying for this post is that I’m looking

for a summer job which is not only stimulating but also

enjoyable. I have a wealth experience with children, since

I have baby-sitted my neighbours’ children since I was

15 years old. Furthermore, I have a little brother who

is 7 years old, and I always help my mum with him. For

example, I help him with his homework, I play basketball

with him and sometimes I also cook for him. I’ve never

had an experience with children from different ethnic

backgrounds, but I would love to get to know other

cultures, and this would be a great opportunity. I believe I

would be the ideal candidate for this position because I’m

really hardworking and I have all the energy needed to

work with children all day long!

Thank you in advance for considering my application.

Sally Parker

UNIT 9

The Animal World Pages 64-69

1 1 C 2 F 3 D 4 B 5 A 6 E

2 1 A 2 C 3 G 4 E 5 B 6 F

3 1 f 2 e 3 d 4 h 5 a 6 c 7 b 8 g

30

Student’s Book Answer Keyit could start raining at anytime. Therefore it seems that

the cold buffet would be the most practical and popular

choice.

UNIT 11

Feelings and Personality Pages 78-83

1 1 N 2 P 3 P 4 N 5 P 6 P 7 P 8 P 9 P 10 N 11 P

12 P 13 P 14 P 15 P 16 P 17 P 18 N 19 N 20 N

2 1 B 2 A 3 B 4 D 5 C 6 C

3 1 cheerful 2 stubborn 3 considerate 4 big-headed

5 sociable 6 aggressive 7 reliable 8 funny 9 self-

conscious 10 optimistic

11 sensible 12 ambitious 13 lazy 14 generous

4 1 stubborn 2 big-headed 3 funny 4 sociable

5 considerate / generous 6 optimistic (cheerful also

possible) 7 lazy 8 ambitious 9 sensible 10 reliable

11 generous

5 Possible answers 1 her brother 2 a classmate, a boy she

likes 3 her mother 4 a close friend


7 1 affectionate 2 careful, careless 3 cheerful 4 enjoyable

5 grateful 6 hopeful, hopeless 7 miserable 8 passionate

9 reliable 10 skillful 11 thoughtful, thoughtless

12 useful, useless

8 1 affectionate 2 miserable 3 useful 4 hopeless / useless

5 grateful 6 passionate 7 enjoyable 8 careless

9 1 A 2 C 3 C 4 D 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 C



12 1 dress sense 2 gaudy 3 traits 4 fuss 5 laid back 6 at

ease

13 1 dress 2 personality 3 birth 4 according 5 self-

confidence 6 change 7 modify 8 fussy 9 traits

10 determined

14 1 It affects our dress sense. 2 No, they can behave

quite differently. 3 By doing an online survey or fill

in a questionnaire. 4 Because we have to adapt our

personality to the situations and people we share our

lives with. 5 People don’t worry about things as much as

they did when they were younger.




7 1 used to dress 2 did, use to wear 3 used to wear

4 used to wear 5 used to have 6 used to take / would

take 7 used to help / would help 8 Did, use to let 9 was,

getting 10 used to / would send 11 didn’t use to like

8 1 What I hated about punks was the safety pins through

the face 2 What I love about fashion is how it’s

constantly changing 3 What you should do is write to

your newspaper 4 What he told us was a lie 5 What

most annoys me about him is his arrogance OR What

annoys me most about him is his arrogance 6 What we

used to do when we were punks was spray our hair green!

9 1 were 2 One 3 which 4 century 5 The 6 is 7 but

8 the

10 Student’s answer

11 Student’s answer

12 1 tights 2 vest 3 blazer 4 cords 5 tracksuit 6 belt

7 boot 8 cardigan 9 tie 10 suit

13 1 D 2 F 3 A 4 E 5 C

14 1 T 2 T 3 F 4 T 5 F





1 1 introduction 2 suggestions 3 recommendations

2 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 3

3 Introduction: The aim of this report is to examine…, The

report is based on a survey conducted among…, The report

will also consider… /

Suggestions: Many people felt..., Many people surveyed

said…, It was widely believed that…

Recommendations: I feel it would be to our advantage

if…, I would strongly recommend..., In conclusion… /

4 A number of suggestions were made:

• A cold buffet

• A 2 course meal of pasta followed by meat or fish

• A barbecue

Considering the results of the survey and bearing in mind

the budget on offer for the party, I would recommend the

cold buffet option. Many of the students were keen on

this and it would be much easier and cheaper to provide.

In the light of information from the catering staff, a

two course meal is difficult to arrange for such a large

number and would require everybody to be served at the

same time, and does not seem a practical option. Also,

at this time of year a barbecue is not very practical, as

31

Student’s Book Answer Key 13 1 hoardings 2 emerged 3 seventeen 4 sponsors

5 flourish 6 successful 7 archive 8 ban 9 immoral

10 advice

14 a F b T c F d T e T f F







1 1 He had a scrapbook. 2 Because there where pictures

of him. 3 He had been playing football. 4 He was his

grandfather’s brother. 5 Because his grandfather didn’t

speak to his brother. 6 They spent it talking. 7 He decided

to speak to his grandfather. 8 In order to resolve their

argument.

2 Past Simple John looked down / he turned the pages / he

heard footsteps / John knew he should leave / he couldn’t

stop Past Perfect Simple he had gone to collect the ball

/ they had had a fight / had never spoken Past Perfect

Continuous had been playing football The Passive a

picture had been cut out

3 They had no choice, they had to do what the man told

them. James looked at his trembling wife, Caroline, and

tried to put on a brave face. They had been shopping in

the new hypermarket which was twenty minutes drive

from the city. Once the car had been loaded, they got in

and fastened their seatbelts. Caroline had looked across

at James, smiled at him and squeezed his hand. Her smile

faded when she saw the man lying in the back seat, who

yelled at them to start the car. ‘Drive!’ shouted the man.

James with shaking hands put the key in the ignition and

pulled out of the car park. As soon as they had reached

the outskirts of the town, the man told them to stop the

car. James and Caroline looked at each other wondering

what was going to happen next when the man said

‘Thanks’ and got out of the car. They stared at each other

in disbelief. They had no idea who the man was, but they

both knew they had been very lucky and decided to drive

to the nearest police station.


18 1 He is clenching his degree. 2 He is wearing a broad

grin on his face. 3 No, he wasn’t. It was his hard

work that paid off in the end. 4 No, there aren’t. 5 A

mortar board is an academic cap and a gown is a long

dark cloak typically worn at university. 6 It was the

photographer’s idea to go on the beach. 7 The girl is

draping the train of her wedding gown over her arm to

protect it from the sea water and sand. 8 The breeze is

lifting the bride’s veil.


UNIT 12

The Language of Advertising Pages 84-89


2,3 1 D 2 A 3 F 4 C 5 B 6 G

4 1 D 2 C 3 A 4 B

5 1 freedom of the press 2 keeping up-to-date with the

news 3 breaking news 4 presenter 5 bombarded with

news 6 quiz programme 7 on the air 8 the headlines

9 Press coverage 10 switches channel 11 soap operas

12 weather forecast

6 1 British Broadcasting Corporation 2 Central Intelligence

Agency 3 Cable News Network 4 Food and Agriculture

Organisation

5 Master of Arts 6 Music television 7 North Atlantic

Treaty Organisation 8 United Nations Children’s Fund

9 World health Organisation 10 World Wide Web

7 1 A, B 2 A, B 3 A, B 4 A, B 5 C 6 B 7 B 8 C

8 1 1 the people 2 The experts 3 the person or people 4 an

organisation 5 Advertising really started to develop 6 the

producer 7 This is the moment we’ve all been waiting for

8 the village 2 sentences 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 3 sentence 3

4 sentence 3

9 1 that / who 2 whose 3 which 4 who 5 that / which

6 that / which 7 when 8 which

10 1 on their own 2 even though 3 came up with

4 take into account 5 prevent the children watching

6 suggested going


12 1 papyrus 2 hoarding / billboard 3 handbill 4 printing

press 5 prop 6 trust 7 target 8 billboard/hoarding

9 newspaper 10 advert

32

Student’s Book Answer Key 8 1 correct 2 incorrect - tried so many times to take

3 incorrect - stopped work for ten minutes to have

4 correct 5 incorrect - stop making 6 incorrect -

remember to turn off 7 correct

9 1 affectionately 2 prestigious 3 presenters

4 achievement 5 nomination 6 marketing 7 popularity

8 successful


11 1 D 2 F 3 E 4 B 5 C

12 1 C 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 A




UNIT 14

Education Pages 98-103

1 1

2,3 1 C 2 D 3 E 4 F 5 G 6 A

4 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 D 5 B 6 B

5 1 grades 2 degree 3 lecture 4 lecturer 5 dropped out

6 failing 7 academic 8 state school 9 boarding school

10 scholarship 11 fees 12 academic 13 playing field

14 expelled

6 1 A / C 2 A / C 3 D / E 4 C 5 B 6 D 7 D 8 C

7 1 should / ought to 2 should / ought to 3 may / might

4 may / might 5 may / might / could 6 Should 7 should

have 8 may / might / could 9 may /might 10 may /

might / could have

8 1 correct 2 I haven’t been able to 3 correct 4 correct

5 I was finally able to get in touch 6 Will you be able

to come to dinner OR Can you come to dinner 7 correct

8 Being able to speak

9 1 who takes care of 2 hadn’t (not) overslept, he would

3 In spite of going 4 haven’t (not) studied anything since

5 think it’s worth paying 6 from Janice, nobody has


11 1 e 2 f 3 g 4 a 5 d 6 b 7 c

12 1 dropped out 2 fit in 3 deter 4 outreach 5 tuition

6 foundation 7 entrants

13 1 d 2 e 3 f 4 a 5 b 6 c

14 1 fit / in 2 drop back 3 fit / into 4 dropping into

5 dropping off 6 fitted out 7 drop in on

UNIT 13

Free Time and Entertainment Pages 92-97

1 1 The first transmission was in 1929 in the UK. 2 John

Logie Baird invented television. 3 About half the size

of the average smartphone. 4 The BBC switched off its

signal for reasons of national security. 5 The first colour

BBC broadcast was in 1967.

2 1 C 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 B 6 B

3 1 audience - this is a group of people, all the others

are individuals 2 cast - this is name for the group

of actors in a play, all the others are reactions from

the audience 3 box – this is a place to sit inside a

theatre, concert hall, etc, all the others are venues

for artistic events 4 review - this is something that a

critic writes giving her opinions about a production,

all the others are places inside a theatre, concert hall,

etc. 5 choreographer - this is the person who plans

and directs dance routines, all the others are to do

with theatre productions 6 play - this is a theatre

production, all the others are linked with musical

productions 7 dress rehearsal - this is the final practice

of a play, opera or ballet, before it opens to the public

- all the others are artistic events 8 curtain - this is

the large piece of fabric that is put across the stage to

hide it from the audience - all the others are groups of

people connected with artistic events

4 1 theatre 2 dress rehearsal 3 play 4 cast 5 opera

6 opera house 7 curtain 8 gallery 9 audience

10 booing 11 vocalist 12 standing ovation 13 ballet

14 review 15 choreographer 16 stalls

5 1 insist on 2 approve of 3 apologise for 4 believe in

5 fantastic at 6 terrified of 7 awful at 8 interested

in 9 capable of 10 proud of 11 keen on 12 worried

about

6 1 terrified of travelling 2 apologise for keeping 3 keen

on / interested in (the idea of) trying 4 approve of

(people) living

5 believe in saving up 6 proud of getting 7 awful at

drawing 8 insisted on leaving 9 worried about / terrified

of not passing 10 fantastic at playing 11 capable of

having 12 interested in going

7 1 to play 2 working 3 to see 4 listening 5 not to see

6 to come 7 go out 8 to work 9 have 10 eat 11 to buy

12 going

33

Student’s Book Answer Keyby Arthur Conan Doyle. In particular the first episode,

A Study in Pink is based upon Doyle’s first novel. One

specific thing that makes it more modern, is that Sherlock

keeps a blog, where he documents his adventures.

I would highly recommend it to anybody who likes

mystery and detective stories. I also think is well worth

reading Arthur Conan Doyle’s books before watching the

TV series!

UNIT 15

Sleep Tight Pages 106-111

1 2

2 1 A 2 F 3 D 4 G 5 C 6 B

3 1 B 2 A 3 A 4 B 5 C 6 B 7 C 8 A

4 1 a nightmare 2 be asleep 3 daydreaming 4 in my

wildest dreams 5 sleepy 6 Dream on 7 did you get to

sleep 8 a vivid dream

5 1 correct 2 Do your parents let 3 correct 4 Please don’t

make me 5 We need to 6 I’m not allowed 7 correct

8 correct

6 1 are not allowed to 2 make him do 3 get her to come

4 Are we allowed to take 5 let her stay out 6 need to

eat 7 didn’t let him borrow 8 didn’t make me 9 don’t

need to have / you don’t need (without ‘to have’ also

possible) 10 Get her to come round

7 1 get / have, painted 2 got / had, serviced 3 get / have,

repaired 4 had, smashed 5 gets / has, sent 6 got / had,

broken into 7 get / have, made 8 get / have, cut 9 had,

stolen 10 get / have, cleaned

8 It’s not possible to use get with sentences 4 and

9 because, in their use of the present perfect to talk

about an unpleasant event that wasn’t arranged, using

get would mean that the form would be I’ve / She’s got,

etc., which would seem like have got for possession.

9 1 its 2 never 3 out 4 by 5 catch 6 off 7 that 8 worse



12 1 trigger 2 issue 3 tummy 4 at stake 5 rumbling

6 cognitive 7 disorder

13 1 brain 2 conditions 3 sleep 4 hormones 5 nuisance

6 memory 7 sleepless 8 stimulants 9 triggers 10 seek

14 1 T 2 F 3 F 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 F 8 T 9 T



15 1 B 2 A 3 A 4 C 5 B 6 A 7 B

16 1 To encourage students to apply to universities

regardless of their background or social status. 2 No,

they are autonomous institutions. 3 Yes, they are

given a target or benchmark which they have to

adhere to. 4 It is spent on recruiting and supporting

students from outreach schools. 5 They are courses

provided to students whose grades do not meet

university entrance requirements which will enable

them to gain access to colleges. 6 It has increased

by over 12%. 7 Changes have been made to the

application policy and applicants no longer have to

have a language at GCSE level. 8 Yes, there has been a

general increase in the last decade.



1 The Shadow of the Wind

The Shadow of the Wind was written in 2001 by Carlos

Ruiz Zafón.

It was a bestseller in Spain, and when it was translated

into English it became a global blockbuster. It’s hard to

say exactly what kind of book it is, it is a thriller, mystery

and romance. It tells the story of Daniel whose father

takes him to a secret library and says he can choose

any book. He chooses a book called “The Shadow of the

Wind” and becomes fascinated by it. Daniel tries to find

other books by the same author but cannot. Later he

is approached by a man called Laín Coubert, the name

of the devil in Daniel’s book. This man has been finding

copies of the book for years and burning them. So the

mystery begins.

The book is full of drama and it is excellently written

and above all the story is gripping. However, I found

the ending slightly obvious. I would highly recommend

The Shadow of the Wind to anybody, it is a book with

something for everybody. When I read it I could not put

my copy down.

2 Set in London, Sherlock is an intriguing English crime

drama. This TV series was first released in 2010 and up to

now, three series have been produced.

The plot is really gripping, full of murders and other

dramatic turns of events. The main characters are very

convincing, particularly Benedict Cumberbatch, who

plays the role of the famous detective, Sherlock Holmes:

he always solves the most incredible mysteries. The

most interesting thing of this TV series is that it is a

contemporary adaptation of the detective stories written

34

Student’s Book Answer KeyWriting Buster Pages 118-119

1 1 Phillip Pirrip (“Pip) 2 Bentley Drummle 3 Mrs. Joe

Gargery 4 Mr. Pumblechook 5 Miss Havisham 6 Estella

7 Herbert Pocket

8 Magwitch 9 Mrs. Jaggers 10 Joe Gargery 11 Biddy

12 Compeyson

2 1 He is the narrator and the main character. 2 He comes

from the humble background of the working class.

3 Meeting Miss Havisham and Estella. 4 It is a negative

change. 5 The writer considers Pip the most interesting

character because you see the story through his eyes.


4 Perhaps the most important storyline in Great

Expectations is the relationship between Pip and Estella.

Pip’s affection for Estella is the motivation for many of his

later actions. Pip begins the novel as a kind, working class

boy. What is more he is illiterate and destined for life as an

apprentice blacksmith. On the other hand, Estella is brought

up by the aristocratic Miss Havisham to be cruel and to break

men’s hearts. Pip’s is the first heart she will break. Pip falls in

love with Estella despite her cruel treatment.

However, at the end of the book we learn a few things

about Estella which show she and Pip are more alike

than we had thought. Estella is really the daughter of

the convict Magwitch and so from the lowest section of

society. Also Estella reveals that she always loved Pip and

that her unkindness was just the result of her upbringing.

To sum up, although Pip and Estella appear to be from

different worlds, their behaviour and character are

reflections of their education and experience. Really, they

are just two young people who fall in love with each other.

5 I would argue that in Romeo and Juliet children have

a formal relation with parents, indeed during that

period the relationships were more distant. In the case

of Juliet for example, she has a far more confidential

relationship with her nurse. Anyway, Romeo and Juliet’s

parents demonstrate to care a lot about them. This is

demonstrated by their reaction to their children’s death:

in that moment they seem to understand that they

committed a mistake by trying to keep them separated.

Romeo and Juliet can be considered rebellious, because they

go against their families and fight for a love story that is

not accepted. I think families should never interfere with

young couples in love, because – as Romeo and Juliet’s story

shows – the consequences can be fatal. Families should

accept their children’s choices, considering them responsible

enough to take their own decisions.

17 Photo 1 The man is slumped on the end of the bench and

not the edge of the bench; The bags are beside him and

not underneath him; The bicycle is propped up against

the bench and not a wall; The ground looks wet and not

dry; He is leaning on a blanket and not a tent. Photo 2 It

could be some sort of outdoor gym not indoor gym; The

people are lying on the mats not standing; Some people

are walking between the rows of people on the ground

and not over them; It might be close to the sea and not

far from the sea; It could be a ‘lie-in’ and not a ‘sit-in’.


UNIT 16

Make Mine Music Pages 112-117

1 1 didgeridoo 2 trumpet 3 violin 4 flute 5 guitar

6 harp 7 clarinet 8 xylophone 9 maracas 10 harmonica

11 drums

2 1 A 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 B 6 A 7 C 8 D 9 C 10 B

3 strings cello, double-bass, guitar, harp, viola, violin /

wind clarinet, didgeridoo, flute, harmonica, recorder,

saxophone, trumpet / percussion cymbals, drums,

maracas, xylophone / keyboards harpsichord, organ,

piano, synthesizer

4 1 b 2 f 3 l 4 g 5 a 6 n 7 j 8 k 9 h 10 c 11 m 12 i

13 d 14 e

5 1 A, B 2 B 3 A, D 4 A 5 C 6 A 7 B, C 8 A, C 9 D 10 B C

6 1 with - f 2 on - b 3 with - k 4 with - a 5 of - e 6 to –

l 7 on - i 8 to - g 9 to - j 10 with - c 11 of - h 12 of

– d

7 1 get rid of 2 ‘Il take care of 3 put up with 4 got away

with 5 has caught up with 6 cut down on 7 looking

forward to 8 ran out of

8 1 I’d rather go / I’d rather we went 2 ‘s / is in charge of

3 got rid of 4 might not be working 5 didn’t run out of

6 has been given

9 1 pricy 2 suit 3 scruffy 4 resort 5 pointless 6 forceful

7 debate 8 flattering 9 amateur 10 nag 11 tactless

12 beware

10 1 forceful 2 tactless 3 suit 4 scruffy 5 flattering

6 nagging 7 pointless 8 amateurs 9 pricy 10 beware

11 debate 12 resorting

11 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 A 5 C 6 A 7 B 8 A

12 1 h 2 f 3 j 4 c 5 i 6 e 7 a 8 g 9 d 10 b


35


UNIT 18

Urban Life Pages 126-131

1 1 Athens 2 Paris 3 Moscow 4 Copenhagen 5 Rome

6 London

2 1 C 2 D 3 E 4 A 5 F 6 F 7 A 8 E 9 B 10 F

3 1 B 2 H 3 E 4 G 5 C 6 D 7 A 8 F

4 1 building site 2 building materials 3 being built

4 construction / building 5 buildings 6 plot 7 ‘re

going to build (a house) from scratch 8 architect

9 design 10 ‘re going to build 11 design 12 Building /

Construction

5 1 B 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 C 6 A

6 1 hadn’t gone, would never have met 2 had thought,

wouldn’t have chosen 3 had had, would have gone

4 would you have done, had come 5 wouldn’t have had

to pay, hadn’t brought 6 had asked, would you have

said 7 wouldn’t have gone, had known 8 hadn’t gone,

wouldn’t have caught

7 1 hadn’t broken down, wouldn’t have got 2 hadn’t got a

job, wouldn’t have gone to live 3 get, can / will be able

to buy 4 spend, get 5 had remembered it was his wife’s

birthday, would have got her 6 didn’t have to look after,

would be able to work

8 1 off 2 take 3 led 4 many 5 being 6 used 7 From

8 sold


10 1 Stavanger is cited as the Petroleum Capital of Norway

due to its museum which reflects the fact that oil

drilling activities first started in the North Sea in 1966.

2 Stavanger is also referred to as the Herring Capital

of Norway. 3 Stavenger Domkirke is Norway’s oldest

cathedral which is almost unchanged since the 14th

century. 4 Tourists can enjoy the Stavanger International

Jazz Festival, MaiJazz, in May and the International

Chamber Music Festival in August.

11 1 c 2 f 3 a 4 e 5 b 6 d

12 1 D 2 A 3 F 4 B 5 E



15 1 up 2 mention 3 after 4 mind 5 Fancy 6 fitted

7 freezing 8 being 9 chance 10 raised 11 outskirts

12 anywhere


UNIT 17

Money, Money Everywhere Pages 120-125


2 1 B 2 C 3 C 4 B 5 C 6 B

3 1 florist’s 2 baker’s / bakery 3 stationer’s 4 butcher’s

5 chemist’s 6 greengrocer’s 7 pet shop 8 antiques dealer

9 newsagent’s

10 jeweller’s 11 sweetshop 12 hardware store

13 fishmonger’s 14 grocer’s 15 tobacconist’s

4 1 sales 2 selling off 3 cheap 4 reduced 5 bargain

6 expensive 7 quid 8 knocked off 9 value 10 bargain

5 1 d 2 i 3 m 4 a 5 h 6 g 7 k 8 b 9 c 10 e 11 l 12 n

13 f 14 j


7 1 don’t get, I’m always 2 would you buy, won 3 snows,

won’t be able to, ’ll have to 4 were, I’d try 5 would you

do, never had to 6 usually get, eat 7 are not going /

won’t / can’t go, promise 8 don’t start, won’t have 9 I’ll

let, help 10 might / may / will come, invite 11 go, didn’t

live 12 will we / are we going to manage, lose

8 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 B 6 D 7 B 8 D


10 1 e 2 g 3 d 4 f 5 i 6 b 7 h 8 j 9 c 10 a

11 1 weakness 2 recession 3 mortgage 4 loan 5 default

6 outcome 7 owing 8 debt 9 repossess 10 reckless

12 1 default 2 mortgage 3 loan 4 debt 5 repossessed

6 owing 7 reckless 8 outcome 9 weaknesses

10 recession


14 1 A 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 A

15 1 According to the financial expert both the clients and

the banks are responsible for the credit crash. 2 The

cost of credit has to be increased because consumer

debt runs into millions of pounds. 3 Banks in America

stopped lending to each other because they feared being

exposed to losses from mortgages. 4 Anyone who has

had problems with credit in the past will have difficulty

getting credit in Britain. 5 A debt management plan

enables people to pay all their bills each month including

their creditors.


36


UNIT 20

Myths and Legends Pages 138-143


2 1 A 2 B 3 A 4 D 5 B 6 C 7 D 8 B 9 B 10 C

3 1 A, C 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 B 6 C 7 C

4 1 mythology 2 goddess 3 legendary 4 ancestry

5 ancestral 6 ancestors 7 mythical 8 mythological

5 1 incorrect - She said to me (that) / She said (that) she

was in her last year at school 2 correct 3 incorrect -

They said they were lost and asked me which way they

should go 4 correct 5 incorrect - The doctor told Thomas

to take the antibiotics for seven days 6 incorrect - I said

to him that we could meet at the café in the High Street

7 incorrect - Mrs Jones told them that the trip had been

cancelled, due to bad weather 8 correct

6 1 She suggested going to the cinema 2 She warned me

(that) if I didn’t do more work, I wouldn’t pass my exams

3 Jane threatened to tell the teacher that Geoff had

cheated in the exam if he didn’t let her play football with

him 4 Mrs Jenkins wondered why none of her students

had come to class 5 Lucy explained to James how to

work the DVD player 6 Liz told her son to go to his room

7 1 Would you mind telling me what the salary will be?

2 Do you think you could tell me where I have to go?

3 I wondered whether you had time to help me with my

homework? 4 Could you tell me what time it is, please?

5 Do you know what this is? 6 I was wondering whether

you would cook the dinner tonight. 7 Would you mind

giving me a hand with the shopping? 8 I was wondering

if you could explain how this works.

8 1 I asked what the salary would be 2 She asked where

she had to go 3 They asked if I had time to help them

with their homework 4 A man on the street asked me

what the time was 5 She asked me what it was 6 He

asked whether I would cook the dinner tonight/that night

7 My mother asked me to help her with the shopping

8 Jim asked me to explain how it worked

9 1 B 2 A 3 B 4 D 5 B 6 C 7 A 8 D



12 1 number 13 - bad luck 2 horseshoe - good luck

3 wishbone - good luck 4 crossed cutlery - bad luck

5 broken mirror - bad luck

6 number 17- bad luck

UNIT 19

Our Natural Environment Pages 132-137


2 2

3,4 1 F 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 G 6 C

5 1 C 2 B 3 D 4 B 5 A 6 C

6 natural disasters drought, earthquake, famine, flood,

hurricane, tsunami, typhoon, volcanic eruption, forest fire

/ geographical features coastline, landscape / protecting

the environment eco-buildings, precycling, recycling,

solar power / manmade environmental problems famine,

forest fire, global warming, pollution, toxic waste, water

contamination

7 1 water contamination 2 Solar power 3 forest fires

4 coastline 5 earthquakes 6 pollution 7 global warming

8 Precycling 9 toxic waste 10 famines 11 typhoons,

hurricanes (or the other way round) 12 drought

8 1 A, B 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 C 6 B C 7 A

9 1 I’d rather go for a Chinese meal tonight than Italian.

2 I’d rather phone him now. 3 Would you rather go to

see them play on Friday or Saturday night? 4 They’d

rather you arrived on 31st. 5 I’d rather you hadn’t

borrowed my car without asking. 6 I’d rather you turned

the music down.

10 1 could have done, would have loved to become a chef

2 would listen / listened 3 wouldn’t be / wasn’t 4 ’d /

had carried on, could / might have become 5 were, could

do, were, needed

11 1 ecological 2 destruction 3 poorest 4 shortages

5 renewable 6 sustainable 7 drinking 8 disposable


13 1 displace 2 earthquake 3 shallow 4 crust 5 boulder

6 basin 7 hazard 8 pile up 9 seismic 10 spread

11 landslide 12 rank

14 1 impulsive 2 tidal 3 warning 4 earthquakes

5 day 6 depth 7 wavelengths 8 2000 BC 9 record

10 technology





19 1 hazard 2 submerged 3 immense 4 back 5 restoration

6 found 7 foot 8 harm 9 inactive 10 chances


37

Student’s Book Answer KeyPart 7

43 B 44 C 45 A/C 46 A/C 47 D 48 D 49 B 50 A 51 C

52 A

WritingStudent’s own answers

ListeningPart 1

1 A 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 B

Part 2

9 built 10 worship 11 inner 12 transported 13 glaciers

14 criss-cross 15 antler 16 racetrack 17 outer pits

18 bluestones

Part 3

19 D 20 E 21 F 22 A 23 C

Part 4

24 C 25 A 26 B 27 C 28 B 29 B 30 C

SpeakingStudent’s own answer

Practice Test 2 Reading and Use of English

Part 1

1 C 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 C 6 C 7 B 8 D

Part 2

9 if 10 are 11 of 12 as/while/when 13 was 14 more 15 As

16 so

Part 3

17 romantic 18 population 19 strategic 20 leaders

21 formally 22 independence 23 evident 24 tourist

Part 4

25 only be satisfied when/once 26 let me know as soon

27 told the girl she was 28 have never been so many 29 you

mind lending me 30 unless it rains

Part 5

31 A 32 C 33 D 34 B 35 D 36 C

Part 6

37 C 38 A 39 E 40 D 41 G 42 F

13 1 reverence 2 indigenous 3 deity 4 settle 5 seek

6 persecution 7 rites 8 forebear 9 witchcraft

10 eclectic 11 coven 12 soul

14 1 reverence 2 indigenous 3 deity 4 settled 5 seek

6 persecuted 7 rites 8 forebears 9 witchcraft

10 eclectic 11 covens 12 soul

15 1 A 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 B

16 1 Paganism draws upon the traditional religions of

indigenous peoples. 2 They get closer to deity by getting

closer to nature. 3 It should be made clearer that

Paganism isn’t evil or witchcraft. 4 They came from areas

surrounding the North Sea. 5 They are named after the

Heathen Gods. 6 They believe in Gods and Goddesses and

they perform their ceremonies standing in small circles.

7 Shamanism focuses on an ecstatic trance state in which

the soul is believed to leave the body and ascend to the

sky or heavens or descend into the earth or underworld.


PRACTICE TESTS


Part 1

1 D 2 A 3 A 4 B 5 C 6 B 7 D 8 A

Part 2

9 whom 10 onto 11 through 12 being 13 of 14 their

15 down 16 of

Part 3

17 phenomenal 18 legendary 19 spectacular 20 marked

21 walking 22 earlier 23 congregation 24 awarded

Part 4

25 the last time 26 can’t wait for 27 I wish I hadn’t said

28 shouldn’t have invested 29 is being collected 30 so it

wouldn’t

Part 5

31 A 32 D 33 C 34 C 35 D 36 C

Part 6

37 C 38 G 39 A 40 E 41 B 42 F

38

Student’s Book Answer KeyPart 7

43 C 44 D 45 A 46 C 47 B 48 A 49 / 50 B/D 51 B 52 A


ListeningPart 1

1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 A 6 B 7 B 8 B

Part 2

9 the Spanish lynx 10 10,000 years ago 11 400 12 27 kg

13 rabbits 14 caves or trees 15 to hunt them 16 60 days

17 6 18 to close a road

Part 3

19 H 20 A 21 B 22 C 23 F

Part 4

24 C 25 A 26 A 27 B 28 C 29 B 30 B

SpeakingStudent’s own answers


Part 1

1 B 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 D 6 D 7 C 8 D

Part 2

9 it 10 an 11 were 12 their 13 which / that 14 each /every

15 Once / After 16 all / many

Part 3

17 alternative 18 widely 19 advertised 20 lovers 21 daily

22 consumers 23 allowance 24 unhealthy

Part 4

25 do not agree with anything 26 I would prefer to stay

27 necessary for me 28 have been more careful with

29 never remember where 30 not as bad as

Part 5

31 B 32 B 33 C 34 D 35 C 36 D

Part 6

37 D 38 A 39 F 40 C 41 G 42 B

Part 7

43 A 44 C 45/46 B/C 47 B 48/49 A/D 50 A 51 D 52 C


ListeningPart 1

1 B 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 C 6 A 7 A 8 A

Part 2

9 Business Administration 10 aeronautical engineering

11 Western Europe 12 Private Pilot’s Licence 13 across

the Sahara 14 over the Alps 15 Zanussi 16 balloon

manufacturing capital 17 the highest level 18 degree

Part 3

19 E 20 G 21 A 22 H 23 D

Part 4

24 B 25 A 26 A 27 C 28 C 29 B 30 C

SpeakingStudent’s own answers

39

Student’s Book Audio Transcriptsown ideas on how to encourage positive relationships between people from different backgrounds in a competition called One Birmingham.

Int. And how precisely do you expect to do this?Simon Well, by inviting young people from secondary schools and

youth groups across the city to explore their own ideas. They have to try and think of ways to bring people from different backgrounds together while offering the same opportunities to everyone.

Int. And what do they have to do to enter this competition?Simon First and foremost, they have to be between fourteen and

nineteen years of age. Then they need to form a group and develop and present their ideas using a medium of their choice.

Int. What sort of medium? Can you provide some examples?Simon Well… erm… for example, artwork, photography, a newspaper

article, or even a short film. They can be as creative as they like using whatever media they feel is most appropriate.

Int. Can any school enter the competition?Simon No, the One Birmingham competition is only for secondary

schools and youth organisations in Birmingham.Int. I see. And is there a deadline?Simon Yes. All entries must be submitted by 31st December.Int. So, that leaves a fair amount of time to get organised. And

what about prizes?Simon The winning school or youth organisation will receive £500 to

help implement their idea.Int. That’s marvellous. Well. I’m afraid that’s all we have time for

today. Thank you for joining us and now…

TRACK 4 – Exercise 71 He does things without thinking about how other people feel.

He’s so thoughtless.2 They misunderstood the directions I gave them to get to my

house and got completely lost.3 Honestly, she seems to disagree with everything I say. I didn’t

realise teenagers could be so difficult!4 It’s unbelievable! She eats so much, yet manages to stay so thin –

I don’t know how she does it.5 In some countries, recycling is not that easy, because the local

councils don’t provide separate bins for different kind of rubbish.6 Isn’t it wonderful news that Peter and Carmen are getting

married? They make a great couple.7 When I was in hospital for six weeks, she visited me every day

and brought me lots of presents to cheer me up – without her kindness, I’d have got really depressed.

8 Jane’s a really thoughtful person – she is always doing things to help other people.

9 My aunt’s a film critic, so I got to see a preview of Tarantino’s new film.

10 If my students don’t do very well in a piece of written work, I give them the chance to rewrite it.

TRACK 5 – Exercise 10 1I have been allergic to peanuts for as long as I can remember; ever since I was a toddler. I can’t even get near the dreaded things without my mouth and throat swelling up. As soon as I feel I’m

CD 1

TRACK 2 – Exercise 4Shirin I came to live in the UK in 2008, with my family. It can be

difficult to integrate when you move to a new country, because, at first, everything is so different, so unfamiliar to you.

Rachel I spent three months working at a health clinic in Uganda. I saw people who have almost nothing – I mean, living in complete poverty. You can really understand why people that poor would want to emigrate to another country – they’re looking for a better life for themselves and their children.

mehmet I had to escape from my country because of the conflict there. It was too dangerous to stay. Life is much better in the UK, but being an immigrant in London is not always easy. Sometimes, people are really very intolerant.

TRACK 3 – Exercise 11 Int. I’m joined in the studio today by Simon Jefferies from

Birmingham RAP, an independent voluntary organisation working to promote ‘race’ equality and human rights in collaboration with young people. Good morning, Simon.

Simon Hi.Int. Is it true that the ethnic communities in Birmingham are

increasing so much so that by 2020 people from black and ethnic minority backgrounds will make-u over 50% of the population?

Simon It certainly is.Int. And how are the city’s young people reacting to this news?

What kind of impact do they think this will have on their future?

Simon Well, to find out exactly what young people had to say about living in a multicultural society, we decided to go out into schools and youth clubs across the city. We wanted to explore their experiences of inter-ethnic relationships and their attitudes towards people from different backgrounds.

Int. And were you surprised by the results?Simon Yes. You see, the findings revealed that whilst, on the

surface, young people appear to have positive opinions and relationships, when explored further, some young people expressed slightly different views.

Int. Such as?Simon One girl complained that Asylum seekers get whatever they

want, while people born in the UK have to go on endless waiting lists.

Int. Hmm. I see her point.Simon Several others admitted that they had stopped going to some

areas, because they were just too afraid. And one boy even talked about Birmingham being his territory and how he felt he had the right to defend himself against troublemakers if he had to!

Int. That’s rather worrying.Simon Isn’t it!Int. So, after hearing these views, you decided to hold a competition

which aims to improve relationships in the city.Simon That’s right. We hope to get young people to explore their

40

Student’s Book Audio TranscriptsHe must have some sort of food intolerance, like lactose intolerance. I’ve heard that can give you terrible bouts of stomach ache.

Tom What about this man? What do you think he might be allergic to?

Lucy Well… considering how violently he’s sneezing I would say he’s got hay fever.

Tom Me, too. I wonder if this girl suffers from hay fever, too? Look how swollen and bloodshot her eyes are.

Lucy Hmm... They do look sore.Tom What do you think’s the matter with this man? He’s fainted,

hasn’t he?Lucy Yes. It’s a good job his friend was there to catch him. I wonder

what made him faint? It could be anything really…Tom He might have eaten something that’s made him feel bad. I

mean, what if he didn’t realize he was allergic to shellfish and he had a violent allergic reaction.

Lucy Hmm... I suppose so. What about the man with the sore throat? It looks pretty swollen, doesn’t it?

Tom Yes, his Adam’s apple’s really standing out there! Perhaps he was eating some fish and got a bone stuck in his throat…

Lucy How awful! I’d hate that to happen. He might have eaten some hot chilli peppers in some sort of Mexican dish and they’ve irritated his throat.

Tom Possibly. What’s this man doing? It looks like he’s having difficulty breathing. He must be having the worst allergic reaction of all!

Lucy Yes, he’s gasping for air and holding his chest. I reckon he’s having an anaphylactic attack and needs a jab of adrenaline.

Tom Hmm... So do I. It happened to me once. I was in a restaurant having lunch when I ate some broad beans. Little did I know, I was allergic to them! All of a sudden, my throat started to swell and I couldn’t breath. I was rushed to hospital and given a jab of adrenaline and then I was fine.

Lucy Ugh! Poor you!

TRACK 7 – Exercise 81 I think both athletes are as good as each other I mean, there’s

isn’t any difference between the two of them in speed.2 I waited to buy all our skiing equipment until the January sales -

it was less expensive then than it had been before Christmas.3 She got a far better mark in the exam than she was expecting,

considering she didn’t revise for it al all!4 Do you mind if I drive a bit faster - we’re late.5 On her cycle trip across China, she got emails on her Blackberry

from people as far away as Iceland.6 Eighty percent of athletes at the London Olympics were able to

reach the venues where they were competing in no fewer than 20 minutes.

7 He hasn’t been able to play in a match on more than one occasion he must have missed at least four matches due to injury.

8 She’s playing a lot better than she was last season - she’s obviously trained a lot in the past few months.

TRACK 8 – Exercise 14Int. The hub of the London 2012 Games was no doubt the Olympic

Park in east London, which housed the new sport venues. The

having difficulty breathing, I grab the EPI-Pen I always keep in my handbag and give myself a jab of adrenalin. It works wonders and I’m fine in no time at all. I couldn’t live without it! My friends and colleagues at work are all aware of the problem and they keep their peanut butter sandwiches well away from me!2I woke up one morning and as I looked in the mirror I was horrified to see my face and neck covered in a rash. I called the doctor at once and he said it was most likely an allergic reaction to something I had eaten and he booked me in for a skin prick test that very morning. I went down to the surgery and a nurse did the test. She pressed a funny looking device against the skin of my forearm and then we waited and watched to see how my skin reacted. After about ten minutes the skin turned red and started itching like mad and the nurse told me I was allergic to shellfish.3I was forever complaining about feeling bloated and often had stomach ache. Our local GP advised me to consult a dietician who took a detailed look at the kind of foods I had been eating and advised me to keep a food and symptoms diary. The idea was that the diary would help track down and identify the foods I was particularly sensitive to. To be honest, I was a bit sceptical, but then when I went back a month later, he told me he suspected a lactose intolerance. Since then I’ve removed all foods containing lactose from my diet and my symptoms have vanished altogether.4I’m allergic to soya and I do my best to avoid it but you never know where it might be lurking as it can crop up in some of the most unlikely foods. It took me quite a long time to get used to checking food labels. It isn’t as easy as it might sound as some of the ingredients aren’t that obvious. I mean some food labels for instance list soya as texturised vegetable protein! You can’t even play it safe and always buy the same products by the same manufacturer either as they often change their recipes. So you should never let your guard down or you might be in for a nasty surprise!5When I was a child I was particularly sensitive to the protein found in cow’s milk. I wasn’t allowed to eat bread, cereal, biscuits, cake, soup, and even some types of meat and fish I had to steer clear of. Luckily, as I got older, my intolerance improved. I was taken to the doctor on a regular basis and foods were gradually introduced back into my diet until I had grown out of it altogether. I’ll never forget the sheer joy I got out of eating a huge piece of cake at my best friend’s birthday party, just like all the other kids. But my biggest satisfaction was when I could finally drink a whole glass of milk!

TRACK 6 – Exercise 13Tom Shall I start? Well…erm….the boy in the top left hand corner

wearing the tracksuit top has a nasty rash on his face. Poor thing! It’s all over his face, on his cheeks, his nose and even on his forehead. I wonder what caused it?

Lucy I suppose anything… it might be something he ate, something he washed his face with or perhaps he’s got really delicate skin and the cold weather made it so red and sore.

Tom Looks more to me like he ate something that didn’t agree with him.

Lucy Hmm… like this person here. Look how he’s holding his stomach!

41

Student’s Book Audio Transcriptshome of the football club, West Ham United and the National Competition Centre for UK athletics.

Int. Well, thanks very much for coming into the studio to talk to us today.

John My pleasure.Int. Now, if you’ve got any questions or concerns about the

Olympic Park call the hotline on 0800 722...

TRACK 9 - Exercise 6Int. Is piracy a problem for you?Boy Well, I wouldn’t call it a problem, really. I know that people

download our music on to their computers, then burn it on to CDs, or put it on their MP3 players. And I bet that their friends then rip it from the CDs on to their computers! But, hey, we’ve got to be realistic – it’s going to happen and we have to go with it rather than fight it. And it’s not like I’ve never done it myself! Maybe the answer is for musicians today not to expect to be millionaires!

Int. How would you describe your music?Boy Well, it’s hard to say, really. A bit indie, with some techno,

touches of rock and reggae, too at times – definitely non-mainstream anyway!

Int. How did you go from being ‘bedroom musicians’ to being the famous band you are today?

Boy It’s hard to believe, but we got a deal through the Internet, too! Someone from a record label was looking online for new talent, saw us on YouTube and got in touch.

Int. When was your first public performance?Boy We played our first gig last year at the university in town.

Loads of our fans that knew us from the websites came along, and of course they knew all the words of the songs, so it was great!

Int. How did you first get known? I mean, first get some fans!Boy When we were still unsigned , we used to make video clips

of ourselves performing in my bedroom, just using my Mum’s laptop , actually, and a camera, as I didn’t have my own computer at the time. Then we’d upload them on to different websites – you know, like YouTube and MySpace. And, amazingly, we started to build up a fan base like that, just through the Internet!

TRACK 10 – Exercise 13

Int. We’re joined once more in the studio today by musician, Steve Pritchard. Hi Steve, nice to have you back.

Steve Nice to be back, Tom.Int. Over the last ten years, the way bands promote their music has

undergone a huge change with the expansion of the Internet. We’re all aware of the consequences this has had on major labels, but what has it really meant for local music?

Steve The one thing that has really effected local music is the birth of the ‘online community’ since the launch of MySpace.com.

Int. But hasn’t this ‘online community’ been around for several years now... you know, what with all the different websites there are nowadays?

Steve Yes, there were other similar sites where bands could upload their details and samples of their music as well as sites where anyone could post details about themselves, including profiles

Chairman of the Olympic Delivery Authority, is here in the studio today to tell us more about the Olympic Park.

John Hello. It’s my pleasure to be here. Well... the Olympic Park was designed in such a way that the main venues were easily accessible through a network of footbridges and walkways.

Int. I’ve heard that up to 180,000 spectators a day entered the Park to enjoy the Games.

John That’s correct. A central unifying concourse carried spectators and competitors over the roads, waterways and rail lines that cross the site. The Park was designed to ensure visitors always felt part of the Games, whether they were watching the 100 metres final, strolling along the river edge or sitting in front of one of the big screens relaying live Games action throughout the Park.

Int. Is it true that a large part of east London, the size of the city of London has been regenerated for the construction of the Olympic Park?

John Yes, it is. As well as creating world class sports venues it is renewing utilities, infrastructure, transport links and homes that are serving future communities long after 2012.

Int. Really?John Yes, after the Games the area has been transformed into the

largest urban park created in Europe for more than 150 years. Int. And what can you tell us about the Aquatics Centre?John That includes two 50-metre swimming pools as well as a

diving pool. After the games the centre is providing the new community with elite swimming and diving facilities that London previously just didn’t have.

Int. That’s wonderful. Have plans been made for shopping centres at all?

John Of course! Sitting right in the centre of the park is a major new shopping and leisure complex with Stratford International Station alongside. During the games, Olympic Javelin trains arrived every ten minutes bringing thousands of spectators to the park each day.

Int. And what provisions were made for the athletes?John The Olympic Village built next to the Park and to the North of

the International Station, was home to thousands of athletes and officials, with easy access to training and competition venues. Eighty percent of athletes were able to reach their venues from the Village in fewer than 20 minutes.

Int. Did the village provide other facilities besides accommodation?

John Yes. along with accommodation the Village comprised shops, restaurants, medical, media and leisure facilities. It also included an ‘International Zone’ where athletes could meet with friends and family.

Int. My passion has always been cycling. What can you tell us about that venue?

John A 6,000-seat Velodrome and a BMX circuit is located in the North of the park. This venue now provides lasting world class cycling facilities for the community including a new road cycling circuit and mountain bike course.

Int. Fantastic! And what about the Olympic Stadium? Is that being used today?

John The stadium has been closed since 2013 for transformation work. It is due to reopen in 2016 and it will become the

42

Student’s Book Audio Transcriptswe can see two dancers dancing in what looks like part of a restaurant. It might be a tango, but I’m not sure. We can’t see the musician but I would imagine there’s a group of people playing string instruments or maybe just one person playing a violin somewhere in the background. The woman is dressed in red and is wearing black high-heeled shoes. Her jet black hair is tied in a bun at the back of her head. She’s very attractive and elegant. Her dancing partner is wearing a white shirt, black trousers, a tie and a waistcoat. He has a serious expression on his face. Both dancers probably come from a Mediterranean country such as Spain or Italy or perhaps they’re Cuban or then again, maybe they’re from Argentina. In the background we can’t see anyone, but I imagine there are several people watching the dancers. Perhaps there are people sitting at tables in the restaurant. They might be enjoying a romantic meal as they watch the performers. In the background it is quite dark so it’s difficult to see properly, but I think there are bottles or glasses on tables. The second photograph was probably taken in an African country. We can see a group of people standing and sitting behind unusual looking musical instruments. The people most likely all belong to the same tribe as they are wearing similar brightly coloured costumes. The man and woman in the foreground are doing a type of dance. Behind them there are people sitting on the ground and it looks like they are playing a type of drum. Behind the performers is a hut which looks like it’s made out of a mixture of cement and bricks. In the middle of the hut we can see a small window.

TRACK 12 – Exercise 111When I first started this book, I was not too sure of how much I would like it. But then as I left it and went to do some other things, I realised that I kept thinking about the story, and could not get it out of my head! It is a great little book that should be read by all mid- to high-school girls. It is so real to life and it does match up to every type of girl. You can see yourself and remember your own history within each individual girl. I was really disappointed when I got to the end, as I could’ve carried on reading it forever. Anyway, I’ve had a glance at the preview of its sequel and I’ve told James down at the bookshop to put me a copy aside as soon as it comes in. That’s bound to be just as good!2I bought this book for my 14-year-old son who began reading it as soon as I handed it to him. ‘Hmm,’ I thought, ‘this is a good sign.’ While I was cooking dinner that evening, I listened to lots of laughter and comments like, ‘Wow, this is great!’ and, ‘Hey! You’ve just got to hear this!’ ... followed by several snippets he just HAD to read aloud to me. The next morning I asked him if he was enjoying the book and to my amazement he told me he’d finished it. So, if you are looking for a good, captivating read for your kid, don’t pass up this book. It is a must-have!3This book was a huge disappointment. One of my biggest complaints about it, is the characterisation. Let’s start with the narrator, Bella Swann. I mean her name! It basically translates into ‘Beautiful Swan’! What kind of name is that for a teenage protagonist? Then there’s the fact that we’re obviously supposed to believe that she lives her life by putting others ahead of her, but if you look at the Bella of the novel and her disdain for her fellow classmates, it just doesn’t

and blogs, with the idea of making friends. These websites have all had varying degrees of success, but none of them have been able to match the success of MySpace.com.

Int. So, what’s their secret to success, then?Steve Well, what distinguished MySpace from these other sites, is

that it combined the two into one. It was first designed as a place for people to communicate with each other and make friends, and then it developed a music section which could be interlinked to the standard section through the use of ‘friends’.

Int. Ah ha.Steve This ‘friends list’ allows users to set up lists of contacts which

include separate users and bands. This way the users can keep track of what their favourite bands are doing, whether they’re major label groups or new up and coming bands recording in their garage.

Int. But it’s not all fun and games, is it? I mean, MySpace does have its problems, doesn’t it?

Steve I’m afraid it does. The site often suffers from server problems due to its intense traffic. Plus it’s not always easy to sort the wheat from the chaff when browsing, due to the proliferation of unsigned bands.

Int. So, what are the advantages for unsigned bands?Steve Well, to start with, they can build up a fan base through the

site without the need for huge publicity budgets. They can even promote their own gigs.

Int. So, what it means is that through online communities, bands can promote themselves more easily without the need of a middleman?

Steve That’s right! Besides that, is the potential for one on one contact with a band. This is, of course, easier to do in a place like here in Guernsey, where everything is concentrated in a very small area and usually involves people who already know one another. It allows the band to build up a rapport with its audience who give instant feedback through their page, without having to wait for official publications to print their views.

Int. Doesn’t the fact that you can see how many ‘friends’ a band has, help deduce the number of potential buyers of a new release?

Steve Yes, it does and it also makes it easier to work out how many people would be likely to attend the band’s gig. The important novelty is that several major record labels have announced plans to start scouting bands online.

Int. Really?Steve Yes, but let’s not get too excited! It’s unlikely that many bands

will be chosen to sign major deals, but the great thing is that online communities offer unsigned bands the ability to promote themselves both within their local music scene as well as to a wider audience even on an international scale. This, together with the breakthrough of web based sales systems and home based music production software, now enables bands to write, record and distribute their own music to anyone willing to listen anywhere in the world.

Int. That’s marvellous. Well. I’m afraid that’s all we have time for today. Thank you for joining us and now…

TRACK 11 – Exercise 17Both photographs show people performing to music. In the first photo

43

Student’s Book Audio TranscriptsPaul I don’t know. It sounds a bit depressing if you ask me. Anyway,

that would probably only attract female customers. Let’s face it, you’re not going to get many men going into the shop to enquire about P.S. I love you! unless they wanted to buy it for their wife or girlfriend!

Sue Hmm. I see what you mean. The title might put them off. What do you suggest then?

Paul What about a good old mystery story instead? Everybody likes those. And you can’t beat good old Sherlock Holmes. This collection of detective stories would be popular and it would certainly attract all sorts of people into the bookshop, children, teenagers and adults alike.

Sue Yeah. But don’t you think it’s a bit dated. We need a more modern hero like Spiderman. Comics will always be popular and they appeal to readers of all ages.

Paul I don’t think a comic would really do the trick. I know! What about a book on hobbies? That might be more suitable for the shop window. How about this one on cooking or this other one about Art and Photography?

Sue Ah yes, that’s not a bad idea. They would both make nice presents.

Paul That’s settled then.

TRACK 14 – Exercise 71Ben So, you ‘re getting married on Saturday. How exciting!

Where are you going for the honeymoon?Tom I don’t know yet – it’s a surprise. But Anna did tell me

that this time next week, we’ll be relaxing on a beach somewhere, so I ‘m looking forward to that that!

2Jane So, what time’s the flight again?Isobel Well, it was supposed to be 12.30, but I’ve just looked it up

on the Internet, and now it looks like it’s going to take off off late.

Jane Oh no, how late is it going to be?3Jill So what are your plans? What are you going to do, now

you’ve been made redundant?John I’m not really sure, to be honest. But I’ve got my redundancy

money, which will last me a while, so I think I’ll take some time off to think about what to do next.

Jill That sounds like a good idea.4Emma Have you ever thought about what you’re going to do when

you retire? I mean, how are you going to live?mick Not really. I know I should. By the time we retire, there won’t

be any money for state pensions, I’m sure of that.Emma Do you really think it ‘s going to be that bad? So, you reckon

that we’ll be living on the streets, then, because we won’t have any money?

mick Well, I don’t want to be pessimistic or anything, but I really can’t see what solution the state’s going to come up with.

Emma Well, they’ll just have to think of something, won’t they they?

mick Don’t worry. I’ll share my shop doorway with you!

ring true. And Edward! The most boring character in existence. He doesn’t have one interesting, charming, or funny thing to say. And the themes! If there was ever a book that deserved an award for Worst Messages of All Time to Send to your Teenage Audience, then this is the one.4I was eager to read the third book in this series after having read the first two. It is an enjoyable read, and a worthy third instalment to the series. I thought that Eragon was a very good story, Eldest not quite as good, but Brisingr the best of the three. I got caught up in the story right away. It is the tale of a hero’s journey, complete with absence, devastation and return. It is one of the oldest tales there is. We already know the story, but it is the storytelling that makes it good or bad. It’s one of those books that’s hard to put down. I’m glad my son recommended it to me.5After seeing this book was second on the New York Times bestseller’s list, I just had to read it. The book starts extremely well with a modern and interesting narrative. The flashback scenes are done extremely well and in no time at all the reader is lost within its pages. About half way into the book, the characters become well defined and start to take on more complex roles. Unfortunately that is where the development stops. The second half of the book is a tedious uneventful read. In an attempt to create a dramatic ending, the author has made the characters one dimensional and the storyline drearily predictable. It’s certainly not second on my bestseller’s list!

TRACK 13 – Exercise 17Paul Do you want to start or shall I?Sue No, you go ahead.Paul Right. Well, what about Coraline? It’s a brilliant story about a

girl who finds a passage to another life through a secret door in her house. This new world seems perfect at first but then she realizes she is in danger and has to find a way back to the secret door and her old life. Most kids and teenagers would love it.

Sue Hmm. It sounds fascinating and really exciting, but what about this science fiction book called Aliens!? That’d look great in the shop window and would attract all sorts of customers from teenagers to adults.

Paul I’m not sure that I agree with you there. I mean, not everyone’s keen on science fiction, I think most people, nowadays, would rather read something factual. I, personally, would go more for a book which tells us all about the world we live in like this one by National Geographic. It gives lots of useful information about all sorts of interesting things and would attract anyone from teachers to travellers.

Sue Hmm. Maybe you’re right, but there are so many travel books out there! How about a novel? There’s this one P.S. I love you. It’s the story of a young woman whose husband dies with a brain tumour.

On her thirtieth birthday, she receives a tape recorded message and a birthday cake from her late husband followed by a succession of letters instructing her to perform unusual requests. These letters take her on a journey, her husband planned, to help her discover who she is without him.

44

Student’s Book Audio TranscriptsInt. I see.David And while your act may last just a couple of minutes, the

circus requires your presence throughout the show as part of the troupe.

Int. Do you have to keep your eye on your weight a lot?David Yep! I spend a couple of hours in the gym every day. I have

to keep the strength in my knees and back up.Int. What about being propelled at such high speeds? Did you

have to do any special training for that?David Yes, I went to the Guyana space centre in French Guyana

where I completed a course to help prepare my body.Int. Goodness me! Well, thanks for coming out of the cannon

to talk to us today and have a good flight tonight!David Thanks. I will!

TRACK 16 – Exercise 10Int. Welcome back to Inventors and their Inventions. Have you

ever wondered, while queuing up at the cash dispenser, who invented these wonderful machines? Well, to tell us today, is security expert, Tom Bridges.

Tom Hi. Well, the man to invent the very first cash machine was a Mr John Shepherd-Barron.

Int. Is that so? This invention dates back to 1967, doesn’t it?Tom That’s right. It was installed in a branch of Barclays, in Enfield,

north London, 40 years ago this week, actually.Int. Really? Do you know who the first person to withdraw cash was?Tom As a matter of fact I do! It was an actor from a television series

that was being broadcast around that time. But I can’t for the life of me remember his name!

Int. That’s alright. How did Mr Shepherd-Barron come up with this idea?

Tom Well, you’ll never believe me, but actually he was lying in the bath at the time. It struck him that there had to be a way he could get hold of his own money, anywhere in the world or anywhere in the UK, at any time of the day or night. That’s when he hit upon the idea of a chocolate bar dispenser and he thought... rather than dispensing chocolate... it could dispense cash!

Int. How extraordinary! So, once he’d come up with the idea, what did he do?

Tom He went to talk to the chief executive at Barclays bank who thought it was a fantastic idea. He was so convinced that he signed the contract, that had been drawn up, there and then.

Int. And how did the machine first work? I mean plastic cards didn’t exist then, did they?

Tom No, they still hadn’t been invented. The machine used cheques that were soaked in carbon 14.

Int. Carbon 14? Isn’t that a radioactive substance? I mean, wasn’t it a bit dangerous?

Tom No, not as it might seem. There were no health risks for the users whatsoever. I know for a fact, that Mr Shepherd-Barron actually sat down and worked out that you would have to eat 136,000 cheques for it to have any effect on you.

Int. Goodness me!Tom Yes. The machine detected the carbon 14 and then matched the

cheque against a Pin number.Int. How much could you withdraw from the dispenser, then?

TRACK 15 – Exercise 11Int. Our guest today is a man who makes his living being fired

out of a cannon. Please welcome to the studio, human cannonball, David Zebor.

David Hello.Int. So, how often do you get fired out of the cannon, then

David?David Twice a day, actually.Int. So, once isn’t enough! You have to go through it twice! David Absolutely!Int. But you do have a safety net, don’t you?David Oh, yes. I wouldn’t do it without. I might be looking down

at the audience shouting and cheering, but my mind’s firmly set on the safety net as I fly through the air at sixty miles an hour!

Int. How do you feel beforehand?David I always feel nervous. I have to concentrate. Everything has

to be 110% perfect. If I get the timings wrong, it’s not just my job at risk.

Int. Was the circus life always a career option?David Yes. My father and mother were part of a big top acrobatic

act based in Eastern Europe - that’s how they met, actually. Then they moved to the UK and I was born soon after. I grew up around the performers and started training with the trapeze and high wire when I was eight.

Int. So, moving on to the job of human cannonball was therefore an obvious next step.

David That’s right.Int. And what do you do in your act?David Well, I start my act by standing on top of the cannon.

Then I clamber inside the barrel of the cannon and stand on a platform three quarters of the way down. Air is then pumped at high pressure into the space left beneath my feet and, after final checks to make sure I’m ready, my flight begins.

Int. What does it feel like?David I feel free when I’m flying. It’s a nice feeling. It’s a bit like

bungee jumping. Then two seconds later, it’s time to land in the net. Job done.

Int. You make it sound so easy, but I bet it requires more talent that most people might realise. And the sudden acceleration must put an awful lot of strain on the body.

David It does. You have to fly straight, keep your body rigid and turn at exactly the right moment so that you land on your back. I also have to make sure I’m not fired headlong into the canopy or the acrobat’s wires! That would be a disaster!

Int. I suppose the cannon’s position and angle has to be calculated every time the circus moves.

David Ah ha. And a dummy model of me is test fired several times to check everything is okay before I climb inside the cannon.

Int. What should anyone tempted to explore a career in human cannonballing find out more about?

David Well, for one thing, the pay isn’t great. This is a job done for the enjoyment, not for the money and you have to live on site.

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Student’s Book Audio TranscriptsCaution must be taken while cutting chillies, so as not to get them on the skin and in the eyes. Some chilli lovers now opt for gloves and swimming goggles when they attack and chop chillies!3It was like nothing I’d ever done before. I spent every living, breathing moment with my trainer. He never let me out of his sight. We’d start training at dawn and wouldn’t stop till dusk. Getting a good night’s sleep was essential and I was kept on a strict diet the whole time. There were good days and bad days. On several occasions I was really tempted to throw in the towel and sometimes I thought I’d never get through. But I did and although I didn’t win a gold medal, I’ve still got this silver one to show for it! And I couldn’t be prouder.4Int. What risks do people subject themselves to by listening to

loud music through headphones?Doctor Well... first and foremost, the surge in sales of iPods and

other portable music players could mean many more people will develop hearing loss. If the volume through headphones is too high, there is a real risk of permanent damage to hearing. 80 decibels is the level at which hearing is threatened but some MP3 players can reach 105 decibels.

Int. EU iPods have a sound limiter to comply with noise safety levels, don’t they?

Doctor Yes, however sometimes users hack through this in order to listen to it louder, especially when attempting to drown out unpleasant noise from traffic and on the Tube. The first sign of danger is a ringing or buzzing noise in the ears to warn you that the sound was loud enough to damage your ears, if exposure became frequent.

5The story of the naughty Peter Rabbit and his adventure in Mr McGregor’s garden, was the first of Beatrix Potter’s books to be published, in 1902, by Frederick Warne. The book was an expansion of the original letter to Noel Moore, with black and white drawings and was refused by several publishers. Finally, Beatrix had the book printed herself, and gave it to her family and friends. Frederick Warne saw the book and agreed to publish it if Beatrix would replace the black and white images with colour sketches. This was to be the birth of a legend.6My hands are always spotlessly clean and I always do my best to keep my uniform spic and span – wine stains are the worst to get rid of. Most days are really busy and I certainly don’t have time to stand over the cooker contemplating the dishes as if they were a work of art like somebody I could mention! Not me! No! I go whizzing through those swing doors as if my life depends on it! I’m terrified that one day I’ll trip and end up spilling the food into the lap of some poor unsuspecting customer! The manager would have no greater delight than giving me the sack if I did!7

This weekend the British Library opened an exhibition of weird and wonderful inventions. Some of them were testaments to mechanical ingenuity while others were not. One of the most ingenious, I thought, was a pair of night-time reading glasses with lights fitted on the rims which were designed in America in the 1930s. A good idea except for the inconvenience of the battery you had to carry around with you.

Tom When it first came out, the machine would only pay out a maximum of £10 at a time.

Int. £10! Is that all?Tom That was regarded as more than enough for a wild weekend in

those days!Int. Yeah, I suppose so. There were a few hiccups along the way,

weren’t there?Tom Yes, there were a few teething problems. The first machines

were vandalised, and one that was installed in Zurich, in Switzerland, began to malfunction mysteriously. It was later discovered that the wires from two intersecting tramlines nearby, were sparking and interfering with the mechanism.

Int. One by-product of inventing the first cash machine was the concept of the Pin number. Mr Shepherd- Barron came up with that idea, as well, didn’t he?

Tom Yes, that came about when he realised he could remember his six-figure army number!

Int. Six figures? But the Pin number is only made up of four.Tom I know, well, that was thanks to his wife. When he asked her

what she thought of using a six-figure number, she said she could only remember four figures, and that’s how four figures became the world standard.

Int. I see! It’s a shame but customers using the cash machine at Barclays in Enfield High Street don’t seem to be aware of its historical significance, do they?

Tom I know. A small plaque was placed there on its 25th anniversary, but few people ever notice it.

Int. According to statistics, there are more than 1.6 million cash machines worldwide. Do you think this number will increase?

Tom I’m not sure. I think its use will certainly be very different in the future. We’ll probably stop using cash altogether within the next few years.

Int. Really? Do you think so?Tom Well, money costs money to transport. I wouldn’t be surprised if

we soon start swiping our mobile phones at the till!Int. You never know! Well it’s been fascinating having…

TRACK 17 – Exercise 121I have always felt very strongly about racial discrimination and when I heard about this campaign I just jumped at the chance. We live in a multicultural society with different ethnic backgrounds which has enriched our community. People should learn to be more tolerant and understanding towards other cultures and less prejudice. I’m sure that if people were prepared to compromise there would be much less conflict. I will be manning one of the stands along with a couple of friends. We’ll have on show all the different everyday things that have been influenced by the cultures that make up Britain such as food and clothes, not to mention music.2Surprising as it may sound, the chilli plant can protect us from common winter ailments. If you can tolerate the ‘hotness’ of the chilli that is. Chilli peppers contain a substance called capsaicin, which gives peppers their characteristic spicy taste. The hotter the chilli pepper, the more capsaicin it contains. Red chillies are very high in Vitamin C and pro Vitamin A. Eating chillies is known to help in alleviating pain in arthritis as it helps to reduce the inflammation.

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Student’s Book Audio Transcriptswalk. I introduced him to various stimuli along the way - from cows and chickens on the farm to other dogs - in an attempt to get a profile of the dog’s psyche. After the walk I returned to my office where I observed the dog’s reactions to orders and then I gave Max’s owners a debriefing session with suggestions on how to control their dog’s unruly behaviour. After seeing Max, I saw two more dogs and then I had to rush over to Wentworth, a town nearby, to visit a distraught client whose German shepherd wouldn’t stop chasing its own tail! For those of you who may be interested in pursuing a career in animal psychology, I suggest you get a veterinary degree or a degree that touches on physiology and psychology. I got a Bachelor of Science in Zoology and Psychology and then a PhD some years afterwards. It’s hard to say how much I earn each year, but I charge £200 for consultations and £80 per hour for court appearances involving pets. You’d be surprised at the number of people who are taken to court because their dog bit someone and it’s not always the postman! This job requires compassion, heaps of energy, a logical mind and you also need to know how to carry out tasks which involve a certain amount of counselling.Some people are simply adored by animals - they give off a certain magnetism which the animals just can’t resist. You either possess it or you don’t. It isn’t vital, but it does make the job a lot easier.It’s a privilege to work with animals and their owners. I must say I’m very fortunate to have a job like this. It takes so little to make a dog happy.

TRACK 20 – Exercise 7Anna So, has your style changed at all over the years, Aunty?Beatrice Oh yes, definitely! I don’t dress nowadays anything like I

used to dress when I was younger.Anna Really? What kind of things did you use to wear back then?Beatrice Well, in the 1970’s, I was a punk, so I used to wear all sorts

of outrageous stuff!Anna You, a punk! Cool!Beatrice Yeah, it was great fun. I used to wear lots of black stuff

and tartan, I remember. Mini skirts, bondage trousers – the legs were joined together at the knees with a bicycle chain! And my hair – I used to have a green mohican, you know, where all the hair is standing up in the middle of your head and then shaved at the sides.

Anna Really? That’s hard to believe looking at you now, Aunty!Beatrice Well, you know, people change. It would take me ages to

get ready to go out, to get the hair just right – all that work with extra strong hair gel. My brother used to help me do it.

Anna And what about at school? Did they use to let you in school with a hairstyle like that?

Beatrice Oh, I was always getting into trouble at school for how I looked and dressed. They would send me to the toilets to wash the gel out and flatten my hair down. And they didn’t use to like the mini skirts, either!

Anna So why did you stop being a punk, Aunty?Beatrice Well, it wasn’t really a conscious decision. It just sort of

happened. You know, fashion changes.

TRACK 21 – Exercise 131I like to follow the fashion trends and so do most of my friends even if we can’t afford the brand names! It means we always have

But the one I was most taken with, was a wind-up burglar alarm which dates from the 1890s. The mechanism was wound up, a lever above the bell raised and the device put at the foot of a closed door. If anyone tried to come in, the upright lever would be pushed down and set off the bell.8I hadn’t been on holiday for ages and I was really looking forward to it. I planned everything down to the last detail, getting visas and vaccinations, making sure I didn’t forget tickets and traveller’s cheques. I even wrote out a ‘things to remember when you pack’ list. You name it, I did it. The night before I was due to leave, I set the alarm for 5am and drifted off soundly to sleep. I woke up the next morning and glanced at the clock. It was half past five! The alarm hadn’t gone off! I jumped out of bed and the next thing I knew, I was speeding down the motorway to the airport. I parked the car and ran to the check-in desk but I was too late. The plane had gone without me!

TRACK 18 – Exercise 101 He decided to seek counselling as he had been suffering from

depression.2 I do wish you would learn to control your unruly behaviour.3 Guide dogs are trained to wear a harness.4 The kennel we’ll be visiting next week breeds border collies.5 Sharon was so distraught she did nothing but sob all night long.6 That’s a funny looking device! Whatever is it for?7 They won’t be safe until they’ve crossed the border into Mexico.8 How long is the debriefing for the new employees expected to

take?

TRACK 19 – Exercise 11When I come face to face with a growling dog, decidedly intent on sinking his teeth into my arm or leg, I wouldn’t say I see danger, I’d be more inclined to say I see a challenge.You might wonder what led me to opt for such an unlikely career and why I’ve stuck to it for over thirty years. Well, I get a great deal of satisfaction out of making people happy and by dealing with cases like the one I just mentioned, I believe I am helping people get rid of their anxieties.I founded the Animal Behaviour Centre over twenty-six years ago and as the name suggests we specialise in the treatment of behaviour problems in pets. In the past I have worked with birds, horses, elephants and even bears but here the emphasis is on treating dogs. I have also written a number of books and I am the proud inventor of several devices which assist pet owners, such as a special harness for dogs. I lead a very busy life with an extremely tight schedule. Let’s take yesterday, for example. The first task of the day involved giving an inventor some feedback and advice on a prototype feeding bowl she has just developed and wanted me to try out. She travelled all the way from Londonderry, in Northern Ireland for the consultation and when she was leaving she thanked me and said it had been very useful and that I had inspired her to make some crucial changes. I was pleased to be of help. Then I saw Max, a one year-old border collie who had been brought in by his worried owners concerned that his unruly behaviour was starting to border on dangerous. Amid constant barking, I questioned Max’s owners to find out about his background and then came to the conclusion that Max was simply misunderstood and in need of firm guidance. To confirm my assessment I then put a special harness on the dog and I took him outside for a

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Student’s Book Audio Transcripts5 I’m very grateful for all the help you’ve given me. Thank you so much.6 Fiona’s passionate about sailing. She’s got a boat and she spends all her

spare time and money out on the water.7 For me, there’s nothing more enjoyable than lying on a hot beach with a

good book – pure pleasure!8 I’ve never known anyone so careless. Doesn’t he bother checking any of his

work?

TRACK 23 – Exercise 13We all have different ideas and tastes, for instance, in the way we dress. A young woman might choose to wear a plain dark suit with simple jewellery, while someone of a similar age might dress in bright gaudy colours and have a trendy hair style and outrageous make up. This shows that we have very different ideas about what looks good and that our personality affects our dress sense.There are many personality types formed by various characteristics in each individual and though some people may display similar traits, their personality will never be exactly like anybody else’s. Although some psychologists believe that there are various personality types, they are of the opinion that different people with the same personality type do not always behave the same way, in fact, they can react quite differently to a situation.If you want to discover your personality type you can try an online survey or you might want to answer a questionnaire based on the theory of psychological type by the famous psychologist Charles D. Faith. Our personality type is something we are born with. We are given personality traits and characteristics that we are more comfortable and at ease with than others. Some people have quite similar personality types while some others are complete opposites. Take, for instance, the extrovert and the introvert. The extrovert wants to be the centre of attention, taking part in everything, being introduced to many people, maybe even willing to take risks in the things he or she does, as long as there’s always something going on he or she will always be happy. The introvert, on the other hand, is quite happy living a quiet life and is not afraid of spending time alone, enjoying his own thoughts and feelings and looking back on pleasant experiences, such as an enjoyable holiday or times spent with family or perhaps a close friend. Experts in the field of psychology declare that we develop our personality according to our way of life. For instance our surroundings while we are growing up, our family and school life and eventually our working life. We tend to rely on the personality traits that come more naturally to us but, as we mature, we realise we have to adapt our behaviour to the situations and the people we share our lives with or spend time with. Someone who is rather shy or quiet at some time may have to try and become more confident and therefore better able to cope with different situations and people. A person who is an extrovert and loud, might need to learn how to remain calm when the situation calls for it. This shows that our personality changes and develops over the years. As some people get older they appear to change in their behaviour and outlook. They may no longer be as concerned with things that worried them when they were younger, perhaps they have learned to relax more. Some people appear to change quite drastically – others not at all. Perhaps we could try to modify our personality by changing it for the better, if we know how to develop the traits which make us a nicer or more likeable person. For instance, those of us that are always over anxious about things, ready for an appointment an

something to talk about and it’s fun when several of us go clothes shopping together at weekends. At the moment where we live lots of people are wearing ankle boots and patterned tights. We also like to wear trendy little cardigans rather than school blazers. Where jewellery is concerned we like to wear several earrings in each ear.When I talk to my friend who lives in Leads she tells me everyone is walking around in jungle trousers with string vests, girls actually go around sucking dummies. I think I prefer the fashions in my town!2I am eighteen years old and I live in Lichfield. When it comes to fashion, I am a follower of the skate look. I suppose it’s a bit like wearing a uniform: baggy jeans, a metal belt and a very special make of trainers – no other label will do. I also have a tattoo, which I don’t think my mum was very pleased about. Some people ask me why I feel I have to dress a certain way but I wear this type of outfit because I feel comfortable in these clothes and I think it reflects my personality. You may think I look scruffy but I don’t! Anyway it takes a long time in the morning to achieve this look!3I am a man of forty-two and fairly fashionable or at least I like to think so. While working I have to be smartly dressed in a conventional business suit and tie, but I don’t think this means I have to look dull. I always make sure that my shirts and ties complement each other and are in colours that don’t make me look like a bank manager! For evenings and weekends, I prefer more casual clothes: well cut jeans or cords and either a sweatshirt or Tshirt. I only ever wear a tracksuit when I go the gym, because I think they look scruffy.4I think it is important to adapt to fashion changes in order to remain fresh and youthful. This doesn’t mean following extreme trends but just updating the style and colours of your wardrobe from time to time. I wear a uniform in my job so it is nice at weekends to choose my outfits. I like to wear feminine clothes so I have several evening dresses which I wear to formal functions. I choose soft materials and simple styles which can be dressed up if I wish. I wear casual clothes with my family such as trousers and sweaters and I’m also keen on long skirts and gypsy type blouses.5I think as you get older it is important not to get stuck in a fashion rut. What looked good twenty years ago just looks dated today. I like trouser suits as well as skirts which I usually wear with smarter shoes. I choose bright colours now in preference to darker shades which are no longer flattering and I have adapted my make up accordingly. I think accessories are very important – scarves, handbags, jewellery can make or break an outfit. I like a fairly large handbag to accommodate what I need to carry but not the size of a suitcase and I like my shoes to tone with rather than match my bag.


1 He’s not a very affectionate child. He doesn’t like being kissed or cuddled at all.

2 I’ve had flu for a week and it’s rained every day. If anyone should feel miserable, it’s me!

3 It would be useful to have chains for the car, in case it snows.4 She’s hopeless at languages. She’s lived in France for ten years, but she

still doesn’t speak French properly.

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Student’s Book Audio Transcriptsourselves from shopping. Even if it seems easy, Buy Nothing Day is a real challenge for most of us, and even more so for those shopaholics out there!Buy Nothing Day can be a personal experiment as well as a collective form of protest. Other similar initiatives are credit card cut up, where volunteers stand in a shopping mall with a pair of scissors and a sign offering a simple service: to put an end to extortionate interest rates and mounting debt by cutting your credit card in half. Another initiative is Zombie Walk, where men and women dress as zombies and walk next to the people who are doing their shopping to try and put them off. Last but not least, is Whirl-mart, where long queues of people with empty trolleys wander around the supermarkets without buying anything.

TRACK 3 – Exercise 13Int. Advertising affects all of us, surrounded as we are by

newspapers, television and radio, not to mention the posters we see on buildings, buses and lorries, when we’re out and about. I asked Michael Harris, a representative of the Advertising Society, how long advertising has been around.

michael Hello. Well, advertising, actually, goes as far back as Egyptian times, when... erm... when… papyrus was used for advert hoardings, but I suppose advertising really started to develop when handbills, were used in the fifteenth and sixteenth century… erm… after the invention of the printing press.

Int. Fascinating. And what about the advertising we see on television? When did that first evolve?

michael Around about the fifties. In fact, the very first one to emerge was in 1955, erm…for toothpaste, if I’m not mistaken…

Int. You don’t say! And when were adverts first used in newspapers?michael Well, in England it was during the seventeenth century. Yes,

that’s when adverts first started to appear in newspapers and…Int. I see and when did it become the big business it is today?michael Well, it must have been around about the fifties, when sponsors

were offered the chance to buy advertisement time.Int. But it really flourished in the sixties, didn’t it?michael That’s right. In fact in the sixties, advertising took on a more

creative and scientific approach which had two advantages: it kept the viewer entertained while also explaining the mechanics, formula, make up or purpose of the product being advertised.

Int. Can you tell us what it takes to make an advert a success, a true winner?

michael Well…I can try. It has to be pleasing to the eye, amusing, straightforward and short and to the point. Personally, I can find nothing more irritating than a noisy advertisement with actors speaking so fast, you can’t even understand what is being advertised. In successful adverts, you’ll find that quite a lot of emphasis is placed on the comical aspect, particularly when using small children or animals.

Int. I see. What happens to the films of advertisements when they are no longer broadcast? You know, like the most popular ones in which actors are remembered for many years as ‘the coffee girl’ or such like.

michael Ah yes. I remember the ‘coffee girl’. There is, actually, a very large archive of advertising material in the History of Advertising Trust tucked away in the middle of Norfolk, in

hour too soon, checking and double checking everything, perfectionists in every aspect of our lives, perhaps we could try to relax a bit more and not fuss about every single thing. Then, there are those people who just couldn’t care less about anything: always late, untidy, never do anything until the very last moment, totally selfish – although they would probably say they’re just ‘laid back’ and relaxed. That person would do well to cultivate some of the traits of the anxious, over-organised type and would probably find that life would become easier and definitely less frustrating for family and friends. If you’re intent on trying to change your personality remember that these changes take time, effort and a lot of determination.

CD 2

TRACK 2 – Exercise 3Shopaholics and Buy Nothing Day!What precisely is a shopaholic? We can define the term as someone who loves shopping. In fact, they love it so much that they are addicted to it. It doesn’t matter what they buy as long as they are shopping. Research carried out by the National Consumer Council (NCC) in Britain showed that almost 80% of 10 to 12 year olds are fond of shopping whilst 95% of girls aged 10 to 19 actually say they have developed a passion for it. And even though most of the time they buy things they don’t need, they just can’t put a stop to their frenzied spending. According to the survey, many teenagers seemed to believe that if they owned more things, they would be happier. They associated material things with power, status and identity. This is also a consequence of advertising strategies that lead people to believe that by owning a particular product, their lives will be enriched. Kids as young as 10 are attracted by fashionable labels and must-have gadgets thanks to advertising. The study revealed that, on average, a child will cost his or her parents £38,488 between the ages of six and 11.The results of the survey also predict that teenagers who are addicted to shopping at this stage of their life, may have problems with debt and spending later on in life. It’s important that they learn to manage their money at a young age and spend wisely, resisting the temptation to buy things they don’t really need.How would the average shopaholic survive on Buy Nothing Day, the world day dedicated to not buying anything when people are invited to reflect upon the role of consumerism in their lives? Buy Nothing Day is celebrated at the end of November, the Friday after Thanksgiving Day, which is traditionally known as Black Friday since it marks the beginning of Christmas shopping and is one of the 10 busiest shopping days in the United States. Thus, this day that was totally dedicated to shopping in the past has now been transformed into a day when people are encouraged not to buy anything. Canadian artist, Ted Dave, first came up with the idea in the 1990s. He wanted to turn a long-standing tradition upside down, in order to provoke and make people reflect. The first Buy Nothing Day was held in September 1992 and the rules were simple: 24 hours without buying anything - absolutely nothing! The theory was that the time saved could be used in other ways, such as dedicating ourselves to our hobbies or simply detoxifying

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Student’s Book Audio Transcriptssentimentality, atonement for past mistakes, and personal popularity or prestige of actors. They haven’t always been successful, however. This is show business, after all!

TRACK 5 – Exercise 111Personally, I think most of the programmes they show on TV today are rubbish, but I would say that at my age, wouldn’t I? I don’t listen to the radio that much anymore but when I did, I liked programmes where the public took part, such as Any Questions. On television I like programmes about antiques or the old junk people find in their attics. It’s interesting to learn about their history and how much they’re worth. I like some soaps, but I’d rather sit and watch one of the old detective series like Columbo or a bit of court room drama such as Perry Mason, who I’m particularly fond of. No one dares disturb my Monday afternoon when he’s on!2I suppose sport would have to be at the top of my list of favourite TV entertainment. I don’t play much sport, but I certainly make up for it with all the hours I spend jumping up and down in front of the screen! I adore drama but I’m not at all impressed with what they show on TV, so I go to see a play whenever I can – this way I have the chance of seeing what I really like and getting a few more autographs to add to my autograph book. I also like the odd pop concert now and again, which is something I share with my wife. In fact we’ve got tickets for one this coming weekend.3You’d never catch me watching soaps or any of that nonsense. No way! The only programmes I ever watch are on fashion and beauty care. I love watching ‘make-over’ programmes – the results can be truly amazing. Another form of entertainment I like is live music. I quite often go to clubs with friends when my favourite local singers or bands are on and we have a great time singing along and dancing. I don’t really think there is much on TV for my age group really, there’s a whole lot more for little children and teenagers or older people but not much for the likes of me.4I don’t really watch that much TV because I’m usually far too busy trying to get all my homework done or I’m out and about with my friends. I like anything to do with modern music and I quite often watch the X Factor. I think it is really exciting waiting to see who is going to win. If only I could go on it! I’d jump at the chance! I’d love to go to a pop concert but they are far too expensive for kids my age especially if we’re talking about the really big stars.5I love TV, especially the X factor, Big Brother and Dr. Who. I like all the programmes where the public are involved especially ‘I’m a celebrity – get me out of here.’ That’s my favourite one of all. It’s great to see how good, or not, famous people are, at handling real life situations. I watch a fair bit of sport, too. I’ve become pretty good at Athletics and I like following all the events on TV especially now that I’m going to be competing in races!

TRACK 6 – Exercise 3Private or State?Sending your child off to school for the first time in their life is terrifying. You simply cannot imagine how this tiny little precious

Raveningham. Adverts from newspapers and billboards, as well as television, are kept there. You can even find several props belonging to some of the most famous ads.

Int. Really? On a sore note, the advertising world is often criticised for the way it targets children, encouraging them to eat junk foods rather than promoting healthier products or constantly drawing their attention to expensive toys or computer games and so on which some parents can’t possibly afford. Is this a fair criticism?

michael A fair criticism? That’s hard to say. There are rules surrounding food and soft drink advertising to children erm… products high in fat, sugar and salt have been banned from being advertised during children’s programmes. Then… erm… as far as toys is concerned, I am of the opinion that it’s up to the parents, you know, to decide what they can and can’t afford and what toy or game their children should be given.

Int. Ah ha and… what about the moral aspect of advertising? Do you think the manufacturers and advertisers make exaggerated claims as to what their products can achieve? I mean, isn’t that immoral? What with all those so-called slimming products, the cosmetics and skincare products and the pre-packed meals that are presented as being as fresh as food that is prepared at home…

michael Hmm. Well, I believe that advertisers must be honest, particularly in relation to food; especially food which claims to help you lose weight. As for cosmetics and skincare products, they are, of course, tested stringently to make sure that they are suitable for the purpose they are sold for. However, whether or not they will suit everyone seems unlikely as skin types vary so much. Therefore, I think it’s up to the customer to know what type she needs and not to expect miracles. On the whole, I think TV and newspaper and magazine advertising is of a high standard and many people are helped, advised and entertained by it.

Int. Well, thanks for coming into the studio today.michael My pleasure.Int. Next week, we’ll be talking to…

TRACK 4 – Exercise 9The OscarsEveryone who has ever been to the cinema or seen a film on TV knows that the Academy awards, affectionately known as the Oscars, are the oldest, best known, most influential, most prestigious and famous of all film awards. At the yearly Hollywood bash, which for the last two decades has been televised worldwide by satellite, the stars’ outfits, the presenters and the acceptance speeches are hotly debated. No other award, for any achievement whatsoever, is followed by more people worldwide than the Academy Awards – and that includes soccer world championships. The Academy has a major effect and influence upon the film industry.A nomination or award raises prestige and profits for a studio or performer, so studios can be tempted to try and influence the voting with marketing and advertising campaigns. The Academy has tried to limit this kind of pressure on votes, as well as any influence from promotion, box office receipts and studio public relations and marketing departments. They also discourage voting for reasons of

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Student’s Book Audio TranscriptsInt. What do you think of the Government’s target to have half of

all young people in higher education? John It is obviously desirable to have as many of our young people

as possible in higher education. We must not waste their talent and I think it is vital that they be given fair access to the most competitive selective universities.

Int. How easy is it for a student to go about applying to university?John The Government works with universities to promote wider

participation and encourages universities to work with schools in an effort to get students to apply for university places regardless of their background or social status. The Government does not tell individual universities how to run their admissions policy because their strength depends on their autonomy and we want to assist not interfere.

Int. Are universities given targets for the number or proportion of students they should take from low income backgrounds?

John That’s right. Universities are given targets or benchmarks, for the proportion of students they should take from low income or non-traditional backgrounds.

Int. Is this target linked to funding?John No, I’m afraid it isn’t, but universities do receive extra money

according to the number of students taken from areas where usually not many young people would be attending university. This extra money is used to cover the cost of doing outreach work in schools which enables recruitment of students. The extra money also helps to support them in their first year because they are more likely to drop out.

Int. What if a student feels he has the potential but not the right grades or subjects to be able to get into university?

John Sometimes if students had had better tuition they would probably have got better grades or if they had chosen different or more suitable subjects, for them, they would be in a much better position to earn a place at university.

Int. So, what help is there available for these students?John Cambridge University may start offering foundation courses to

pupils whose A level grades are not good enough for admission to the colleges. The course might be run at the university or in local colleges. The foundation course is just one of a number of ideas being considered by the University to make it possible for more students from various backgrounds to gain access to the colleges.

Int. Has there been an increase in the number of applications to University in the past few years?

John Well, for example, Cambridge University has had 15,000 applicants this year, while the yearly average for the past four years was 13,500… so there’s been a 12% increase. Changes have been made to the application process and entrance requirements including removing the rule that every applicant must have a language at GCSE level.

Int. Do you think there has been an increase in applications from low income families, too?

John Well, a report out earlier this year, stated that people from lower social and economic backgrounds make up about one half of the population of England. It also reported that they represent less than thirty percent of young full time entrants to higher education. However, the report also tells us that participation in higher education by people from low income

creature, for whom you have cared since birth, will manage in an unfamiliar environment surrounded by lots of other kids, some of whom might not be as gifted, genius and sweet as yours. Assuming you have any choice at all, picking their first school is also a revealing moment for anyone who considers themselves to be a good, responsible citizen. It is a time when you find yourself assaulted by all sorts of terrors, nerves and unanswerable questions, most of which are so unpleasant you cannot believe you are thinking them. Suddenly you forget about everyone else; it is all about your baby and only your baby. When it was our turn to decide, my husband and I were in the happy financial position of being able to consider private schools. We did not contemplate that option for long. Neither of us was educated privately; plus which, we had some concerns about the possible long-term effects of a private education on a person’s social and emotional development. For us, then, it was a choice between the two local state primaries equidistant from our house. One is regarded as the perfect primary, principally because it has an extraordinarily low number of disadvantaged kids despite being opposite a massive council estate. The other is much more representative of the area demographically. We chose the latter because we liked the school and because it felt like the right thing to do.The catchment area includes three large council estates sitting between numerous streets filled with privately owned houses, the smallest of which would cost you several hundred thousand pounds. The school’s intake is, therefore, wide and socially mixed - 37% of its kids have English as a second language and 33% are eligible for free school meals, ie poor. Our daughter and son, aged 10 and 9, have now been there for six and five years respectively, and are doing very well, both socially and intellectually. It is through our contact and involvement with the school community, however, and, sadly, other locals finding reasons not to pick our school, that I have witnessed class division, unrealistic aspirations and covert racism the like of which I have never come across before in my life There is so much that is positive, wonderful even, about state schools. At a state school your kids will learn to live alongside and appreciate other kids from many diverse and different cultures. They will learn that privilege is not a birthright, that it has to be earned, along with understanding that they need to earn their place in society and earn the right to succeed. They will learn street sense, who to be wary of, who to avoid, how to keep their heads down and how and when to stand up for themselves. They will learn to make room for people of different abilities. I do not pretend to know everybody’s reasons for not sending their children to state schools but I would bet it has something to do with wanting the ‘best’ for their kids. There is a widely held belief that when it comes to our children, anything goes. But we all want the best for our kids and only a tiny percentage can afford to opt for the ‘best’, so surely it is up to all of us to participate in driving up standards and expectations at our local schools?


Int. … and now let’s move on. Today in the studio, is Director of Admissions, Mr John Hampdon. Good evening Mr Hampdon and welcome back to the show.

John Good evening.

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Student’s Book Audio Transcriptsis a good way to improve your sleep but not too close to bedtime as exercise produces stimulants that stop the brain from relaxing quickly. Simple breathing exercises before bed, using lavender oil or other herbs is sometimes beneficial. Making sure your bedroom is calm and sleep inducing without television and computers and is of an agreeable temperature can also help. Caffeine, which is a stimulant that can stay in your system for many hours should be avoided. This also applies to coffee, chocolate, cold drinks and non-herbal teas. The same goes for too much alcohol which can make you restless, it can also lead to snoring which restricts airflow into the lungs and will disturb your sleep by reducing oxygen in your blood. If your tummy starts rumbling just before going to bed avoid spicy or fatty foods which could cause discomfort with heartburn, choose instead something that triggers the hormone serotonin which makes you sleepy.Carbohydrates such as bread or cereal are perfect for this. If after all this, you still have problems, forget about sleep, maybe even leave the bedroom and do something like a jigsaw or may be read a book-nothing too exciting though! If none of this helps you could consider massage, aromatherapy or even acupuncture and, of course, if lack of sleep is causing serious problems and interfering with your daily life and work then you must seek the advice of a doctor who will be able to give you further help and ascertain if maybe you have a serious sleep disorder.

TRACK 9 – Exercise 101 Aunt Charlotte always was a forceful personality.2 There was no need to make such a tactless remark.3 The dress didn’t suit her and I told her so!4 Do you always have to look so scruffy!5 I don’t think sleeveless tops are very flattering at my age.6 Mum was always nagging me to give her a hand with the housework.7 It’s pointless trying to plan so far ahead.8 I wouldn’t trust that bunch of stumbling amateurs if I were you!9 I’m afraid I can’t afford the pricy clothes in that new boutique.10 Shoppers were told to beware of cut-price fakes.11 There has been much debate over the rate of inflation.12 The workers had every intention of resorting to force if negotiation

failed.

TRACK 10 – Exercise 111I don’t think I am a fashion fanatic, but I do know what I like and that’s trendy or fashionable clothes. I would never wear something just because it’s in regardless of whether it suits me. I prefer casual clothes and by casual I don’t mean scruffy. If I’m going somewhere special I usually make an effort and dress up in something nice. They say ‘clothes maketh the man’ but I’m not sure if that’s really true. They certainly do make a difference when chosen with care and they are flattering to the wearer as well as being fashionable.2Domestic animals can play an important role in people’s lives. A cat or dog can be an indispensable family member, especially when someone lives on their own. They can sometimes stop that person from feeling quite so lonely and get them out of the house especially a dog that needs to be taken for walks. Dogs also have an important place in society when it comes to helping people such as guide dogs for the blind, therapy dogs for children who have difficulty relating with others and rescue dogs that save people from dangerous or difficult situations.

groups had increased more than that of better off groups over the last decade. This year fifty-nine percent of admissions were from state schools and colleges, which is very encouraging because it tells us that we are leaving behind the belief that a low income background and any ideas about not fitting in need not deter brighter young people from exploiting their full potential as they go on with higher education.

Int. Well… that’s about all we have time for today.

TRACK 8 – Exercise 12 We spend a third of our lives asleep. Some famous people – Napoleon, Florence Nightingale and Margaret Thatcher claimed to have managed on four hours a night and this is possible because even after only four hours, the brain has gained many of the important benefits of sleep, maintaining normal levels of cognitive skills such as speech, memory, innovative and flexible thinking. In other words, sleep plays a significant role in brain development. People often complain of having difficulty sleeping and the reason could quite simply be their sleeping conditions: a bedroom which is too cold or too warm, eating unsuitable foods or eating too close to bedtime. It may be because the bedroom contains a television or a computer which cause the brain to be active rather than restful or relaxed. Some people may find they have a sleep disorder, most of which can usually be treated effectively. Sleep deprivation not only has a major impact on cognitive functioning but also on emotional and physical health. There is a disorder called sleep apnoea which results in excessive daytime sleepiness – this has been linked to stress and high blood pressure. Research has also suggested that because chemicals and hormones, that play a part in controlling appetite and weight gain, are released during sleep, then perhaps the risk of obesity may be increased in people who are seriously sleep deprived.There is no set amount of time that everyone needs to sleep since it varies from person to person. Research has shown that the average period of sleep is between seven and a half and eight hours. Some people manage on five hours, others need to sleep up to eleven hours. Although lack of sleep might appear sometimes to just be a nuisance because of the boredom of lying awake at night and the unpleasantness of being tired during the day, it can be far more serious and sometimes the consequences are grave. For instance lack of sleep is said to have contributed to several international disasters such as Exxon Valdez, Chernobyl, Three Mile Island and the Challenger Shuttle explosion. It is hardly surprising that people who are sleep deprived have difficulty in responding to rapidly changing situations and making rational judgements and decisions when the part of the brain that controls language, memory planning and sense of time is severely affected. A good way to try to understand this is to think of times when maybe you have been without sleep for a whole night. It may be because you have worked all night without sleeping during the previous day or maybe you have been to a party or other social event. Just one sleepless night and you will find yourself becoming irritable, forgetful and bad-tempered, your attention span will shorten quite dramatically and your concentration becomes more difficult. Think how much more serious these symptoms would be if you were deprived of sleep for very long periods and you were taking part in difficult and complicated work where maybe other people’s lives were at stake. Thankfully for most of us this will never be an issue.

For those of us who suffer from sleepless nights but do not have a serious sleeping disorder there are things we can do to try to ensure that we do have peaceful and restful nights. For instance regular exercise

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Student’s Book Audio Transcriptsabout something and I usually wake up feeling tired and irritable. I’ve tried lots of different remedies when this happens, like taking a relaxing bath, not drinking coffee or too much alcohol before bedtime or reading in bed to try and make me sleepy. If none of these work, I usually end up getting out of bed and going downstairs to make myself a warm drink. Once, I even resorted to doing a jigsaw. This helped me feel more relaxed and took my mind off all the thoughts that keep nagging at me and then I wandered back upstairs and climbed wearily into bed just in time to hear the alarm clock go off!

TRACK 11 – Exercise 121 The firm intends to restructure its debts in order to avoid default.2 I put down fifty thousand in cash and took out a mortgage for

the rest.3 Borrowers are able to take out a loan for £99,000.4 The company I work for is heavily in debt.5 741 homes were repossessed for non-payment of mortgages last

year.6 They denied owing any money to the company.7 All this reckless spending will get you into trouble.8 What really counts is the outcome of the vote.9 It’s about time you recognized your product’s strengths and

weaknesses.10 This country is in the depths of a recession.

TRACK 12 – Exercise 14Int. The topic we’ll be discussing today is the credit crash in

Britain and America. We have with us financial expert, Mr Donald Jameson.

Donald Hello.Int. Mr Jameson, can you tell us how this happened and who if

anyone is responsible?Donald I suppose you could say after ten years of a lending and

spending boom, based on cheap credit, this is the inevitable outcome. As for who is responsible…., well, at a time like this people are always inclined to blame anyone but themselves. When there are signs of economic weakness and maybe business investment is declining, steps have to be taken to avoid the possibility of the economy going into recession. In order to do this we sometimes have to stimulate consumer spending but if the levels are pushed too high they cannot be maintained. This pushes up house prices and increases household debt. This side of it is the responsibility of the bankers.

Int. Do you think any responsibility lies with anyone else?Donald When cheap credit is available obviously people take

advantage of it. They use it for many things, house furnishings, new cars, even clothes and holidays, they may find themselves in a vicious circle which is difficult to get out of because of their increasing debts due to everything being bought on credit. Eventually the cost of credit has to be increased because the total amount of consumer debt runs into million and millions of pounds.

Int. Tell us how it affects the bank and the ordinary members of the public.

Donald Well, for instance, in America, afraid of their exposure to

3We all have our own ideas as to what classes as good entertainment and most people nowadays prefer being entertained with music. They spend quite a lot of money on tickets for pop concerts, which can sometimes be a bit pricy, or they go and watch a local band in a club or pub. Other people would rather spend their evening at the theatre, watching a musical or a play. Local amateur groups often put on performances of a high standard with very reasonable prices for everyone. Radio also offers good quality entertainment. I’m particularly fond of debates which the listener can take part in at the price of a phone call, but beware of a nasty surprise when you get your bill at the end of the month!4We see advertising everywhere we go, travelling by tube or bus, walking along the road, passing through airports – it is everywhere, tempting us to shop, to book a holiday, to buy a new car and so on. When we watch television or go to the cinema, there it is again! We just can’t get away from it! It is big business and has made a lot of money both for the people who sell advertising space and for the people who create the adverts. Have you ever bought something just because you saw it advertised somewhere? I suppose we all have at sometime. After all, that’s just what they want us to do! The more we spend, the more they make!5Most of our lives are taken up with educating or being educated. There are many different ways to learn and improve one’s education: evening classes, correspondence courses, distance learning, self-study and so on and so forth. There are many differences of opinion concerning the best methods of education for our children. Some people prefer the comprehensive method while others still regard the grammar school system as the best. It is difficult to know which is the most suitable for so many children with differing skills and abilities and while some do well with one system others might do better with another. All I can say is we must try to do our best for each and every one of our children.6I know you think your music is great but it isn’t as nearly as good as the music I used to listen to in the 50s and 60s. I mean, who do you have to compare with Elvis, Bill Haley or Buddy Holly? You see, you can’t even come up with one single name! I know that nowadays, lots of people prefer listening to other types of music like Country and Western, Jazz, or Blues, but let’s face it no one will ever forget Sinatra or Ella Fitzgerald. Huh! It’s pointless talking to you. You’ll never agree with me that you just haven’t got a clue when it comes to music!7What do we mean by feelings? We talk about hurting people’s feelings if we are unkind or tactless. Our feelings really relate to our personalities, whether we are very forceful or perhaps shy or very modest. Very strong people sometimes appear not to have many feelings but someone who is quieter and perhaps rather shy can be very easily hurt. Life can be difficult for someone who is extremely shy. For instance, they are hesitant about joining in with other people or trying something new because they are afraid if they don’t do well they will look and feel foolish. Hopefully, with time, their confidence will grow and life will be more fun.8I often find it difficult to get a good night’s sleep when I’m worried

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Student’s Book Audio TranscriptsI like the way the city centre by Grosvenor Estates has been regenerated. Its new facilities are fabulous and so is the modern design of its buildings – really pleasing to the eye. It must have cost a pretty penny, that’s all I can say! Liverpool has always attracted many overseas visitors. It is known almost anywhere in the world through its reputation as a major portal gateway, its football teams, and last but not least the Beatles. Another highlight for me was the Klimt exhibition at the Tate, a truly remarkable exhibition of the painter’s work. 3The QE2 will be visiting for the last time tomorrow enabled by the development of a liner berth which will result in the arrival of many more foreign visitors. They will find lots to see and do including some fine pubs to try out. There have been few improvements in our city up until now but Liverpool is going from strength to strength. I was, however, disappointed in the Klimt exhibition as I had hoped to see more of the painter’s famous works but unfortunately most of them were missing and many of the paintings on display were those of his contemporaries. But at least the effort had been made to put it on and hopefully we can look forward to seeing more exhibitions in the future.4There are people on Merseyside who question the value of this event. The event brought in a lot of money but how has this been spent and more importantly has it been well spent? Much redevelopment has taken place around the city centre but this reminds some of us of the architectural disasters built during the post-war period and we hope that in twenty years or so they won’t be seen as the eyesores of their period. A new concert venue has been constructed beside Albert Dock but what if in future years it is not put to use and is left to stand empty? Won’t that have been a huge waste of money?5After being away for twenty years, I have moved back to Merseyside with my husband. I was born in Liverpool and I had been looking forward to going back for quite some time. I was amazed at all the changes that have taken place. Who would have thought that Liverpool could have been voted the European Capital of Culture? We have been to quite a few of the cultural events and I must say the Tall Ships was a highlight for me. It is great that museums and art galleries have been given so much publicity as well. Business is booming and retail opportunities are plentiful – the future looks bright for the people of Liverpool.

TRACK 14 – Exercise 15Chris If I had to choose a place to grow up in, I think out of

all these, I would pick the lighthouse. Just imagine how exciting it would be!

Joy Yes, it’d be fun but don’t you think it’d get a bit lonely on a tiny little island like that? I would rather live in a place with a fairly large community like this village in the countryside. Think of all the home grown produce you could get, not to mention all that fresh air!

Chris If it’s fresh air you’re after, then this village built into the cliff edge couldn’t be better! I wouldn’t want to live there, mind you. It’s ok if you like skiing or mountaineering but I would find it too isolated.

Chris Hmm. Maybe. Fancy living in a circus? I don’t think I would like that very much, but I don’t suppose you have much choice if your parents happen to be a couple of trapeze artists!

losses from US sub prime mortgages, the banks stopped lending to each other. They also no longer lent to companies and ordinary people - this was the beginning of the so called credit crunch.

Int. How are we coping with the problem here in Britain?Donald Here the interest payments on mortgages, loans and credit

cards have increased hugely. If you are at all risky, you are going to find it very hard to get credit because the banks do not want anyone who is going to default. If you have had problems in the past with credit or if you need to borrow a lot of money, it will be your income that will determine your spending. It will not be easy to get credit for the things you want. Millions of credit card and loan applications have been turned down.

Int. How do you think people who are deeply in debt are managing to pay their bills and is there anything being done to help them?

Donald There is the National Debt Line who are getting calls from clients who have always relied on credit cards and now have to find other ways of dealing with their debts. There are people who have had to declare themselves bankrupt. One such couple have debts of a quarter of a million pounds and their home is being repossessed by the bank. Now they know that if you want to buy something you actually have to have the money to do it because they can no longer rely on credit cards and other credit loans. Another couple who have £50,000 worth of credit card loans and loan debts have decided that rather than file for bankruptcy, they are going to try and pay back what they owe. They have signed up to a debt management plan along with 600,000 others. After all their bills are paid each month including their creditors, they will be left with very little money and they will find it very hard to make ends meet. It will be a while before they can think of spending on non-essentials but at least they will have been able to stay in their home and if they are prepared to stick to their plan to get out of debt then they have a chance eventually to continue their life as before, but without such reckless use of credit facilities. I hope other people in similar situations will find a way of coping and solving their financial problems.

Int. Let’s hope so. Well, thank you for coming into the studio today…


1How can we feel proud of the new shopping development by Grosvenor Estates when it involved the compulsory purchase of small businesses which were wiped out to make way for a brand new shopping development which, let’s face it, with such high unemployment, many people will not be able to afford. While all these new stores were opening, other businesses were having to close down. I just can’t see the point of it. Most of the new buildings are ugly and have ruined what was once a fine cityscape. So we have lost out all round and we weren’t even given the chance to have our say in the matter.2The general atmosphere of genuine pride in the city really stands out and

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Student’s Book Audio Transcriptsencourages experimentation. However, convenience food is aptly named. Buying unpackaged is, initially, hugely inconvenient. Finding naked staple foods takes real tenacity, but they do exist. There are shops that sell dried goods in open bins, beside loose toilet rolls and a small line in refillable juices and cosmetics – and give you a discount when you bring your own container. Rural and city farms are alive and well, and great for eggs and dairy products, while farmers’ markets and home delivery schemes can supply your fruit and vegetables. So how did I do? During my month, the green halo slipped often. I still bought my mayonnaise in bottles and tuna in cans and I never did find a solution to the wine issue. (It is hard to find decanted wine.) But by the end of the month, my black bin was hardly being used and we were putting out one green bin, a quarter full. Eventually, says Nimish Shah, a 35-year-old precycler from London, it will be empty. Shah hasn’t been to a supermarket for years. He shops at small stores and always brings his own bags. He cuts an eccentric figure at his local market, putting fish fillets in a cloth bag that he washes and reuses. ‘When I look at an item,’ he says, ‘the first thing I think is whether I could just do without the packaging or, failing that, reuse it somehow. Recycling a product should be the last option really’.

TRACK 16 – Exercise 14Tsunamis are a natural hazard that can cause great destruction and loss of life not only to shores near their source, but sometimes to shores across an entire ocean basin. A tsunami is a series of large waves generated by an impulsive disturbance, for example, an earthquake, landside, volcanic eruption or explosion, that causes disturbance to the sea floor, resulting in a large volume of water being suddenly displaced and then forming tsunami waves. Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as tidal waves but this is considered incorrect by oceanographers since no tides are actually involved in their creation, although the word tsunami is derived from the Japanese words meaning harbour wave. Tsunamis have been reported since ancient times and have been extensively documented, which means that we can use this information to further study their characteristics and thereby, help us in developing effective warning programmes. Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as seismic sea waves as they are usually caused by a sudden rise or fall of a part of the earth’s crust. They can sometimes be caused by submarine landslides, submarine volcanic eruptions and meteorites but are more likely to be caused by earthquakes. This happens when an earthquake occurs underneath or near the ocean and creates movement in the floor of the ocean. This seismic disturbance can vertically displace the water column which creates fluctuations in the level of the ocean.Tsunami waves are formed when the mass of displaced water attempts to find its equilibrium. The tsunami waves then move outwards, away from their source and travel unnoticed on the sea’s surface at speeds of almost six hundred miles an hour, which means they can cross an entire ocean sometimes in a day or even less. The depth of the ocean basin determines the speed of the tsunami and on reaching shallow water the front of the wave will slow down. After this the waves pile up to create one gigantic wave that can rise up to thirty feet before reaching the shore.The effect of the tsunami is devastating with wavelengths that can be in excess of 60 miles carrying rocks weighing as much as 20 tonnes up to 180 metres inland. The enormous energy of the tsunami can demolish houses, lift heavy vehicles and move large and weighty boulders, bringing the threat of injury and death to

Joy It must be quite a hard life, all that packing up and moving around from town to town. I wonder what living in a camper van is like? I know they’re fitted out with all sorts of mod cons and they’re great if you want to go on a driving holiday, but I don’t think they’re suitable for permanent accommodation.

Chris And what about the winter when it’s cold and wet? I’d rather be in a nice warm house than a freezing cold camper van. I suppose a houseboat must be a bit like living in a camper van. It’s okay in the summer but it must get very damp in the winter and then I would worry about being burgled.

Joy You stand just as much chance of being burgled in a houseboat as in a large city. I wouldn’t live in a large noisy metropolitan city if you paid me and I wouldn’t want my kids to be raised in one either. But the worst place must be having to live in makeshift shacks and huts on the outskirts of a large city like this one. What prospects of survival do children have there where they’re cold, dirty and hungry.

Chris Yes, anywhere is better than there.

TRACK 15 – Exercise 4PrecyclingEvery Tuesday, as a house, we put out two big green boxes of recycling. I say green because a) they literally are and b) the presumption is that by using them, so are we. But wouldn’t it be greener not to put out the recycling – to generate so little waste that, come Tuesday, there is nothing to put in the green box? It is an idealistic notion, but is it practical? I decided to try it for a month to find out.‘Precycling’ is the practice of reducing waste by attempting to avoid accumulating it in the first place. Precyclers try to cut out as much packaging as possible and, to this end, they think ahead, shop locally, buy things loose and bring their own containers. The benefits are various; from saving money and creating less landfill to reducing food miles and conserving natural resources. The term was coined in 1988 for a waste awareness campaign in Berkeley, California. Residents were encouraged to avoid single-use items and to buy in bulk. They refused junk mail, carried precycling ‘kits’ (such as cloth sandwich bags and cutlery) and when the Internet came, they did their reading online to cut down on pulp. Today, precycling is generating interest among the eco-aware. In the UK, financially concerned and environmentally aware consumers are turning to tap over bottled water and carrying canvas shopping bags. The key to being a good precycler is being prepared.This I learn on day one of my trial when I forget to bring my lunch to work and am reduced to eating fruit and ice-cream (the cone being the ultimate in edible packaging). The following day, I get organised: daily sandwiches (in a washable sandwich wrap), a travel mug, cloth shopping bags and a water bottle are on hand at all times. Gone are the impulse, convenience shopping sprees of old times – to be replaced by an intentional, almost military approach to what I need to buy and from where. I start doing the shopping at local markets, fishmongers, butchers and bakers and rediscover the joys of having bottles of milk delivered to my doorstep (milk and orange juice bottles can be reused 20 times before they are recycled). It speaks of gentler times, a greater custody of care, and thoughtful, less hurried, consumption. There is a nostalgic pleasure that comes from carrying apples in a paper bag and using a handkerchief to blow my nose. It saves me money and

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Student’s Book Audio Transcriptsas the unsuspecting cyclist passed, the snake would coil up and bite its own tail to make the shape of a hoop, before rolling down the road, trying to catch the cyclist. If it caught one, it would bite hard into the heels of its victim.

TRACK 18 – Exercise 15Paganism has been, and still is, often represented and described as something bad when, in fact, it is an umbrella term which covers many beliefs and religions. Paganism describes a number of contemporary religions based on a reverence for nature, while drawing on the traditional religions of indigenous peoples throughout the world. There are a few common themes which run through these belief systems and align them under the Pagan umbrella. Pagans have a deep respect for nature and see contact with nature as a way of coming closer to deity in all its aspects.Tribes came from lands such as Normandy, Denmark, Saxony to settle here in Britain and modern paganism draws heavily on the indigenous beliefs of the lands the tribes left as well as the beliefs of this country. Paganism has evolved and to many pagans their beliefs are not just a religion but a way of life. They seek to live in sympathy with nature in the modern world and see themselves as part of nature, not above it. At the same time, they believe in taking responsibility for their actions – they advocate self-responsibility. Due to misrepresentation and persecution over the years, it is important and necessary to define what pagans are not as well as what they are. They do not practise black magic, they are not evil and their practices do not involve harming people or animals.There are many paths within paganism, some of which are Druidry, Heathenry, Wicca and Shamanism. A representative of the Druid Network defines druidry as the native spiritual tradition of the islands of Britain. We have discovered a little information about druidry from the writings left by the Romans during the time of the Roman conquests. Its ethics are based on honour and respect. The original Heathens were pre-Christian people who, more than a thousand years ago, lived in Northern Europe in the lands around what is now called the North Sea. This included the people of Anglo-Saxon England, Scandinavia, Germany and Frisia. Through holy rites and their day to day actions, Heathens aim to build healthy relationships with gods and goddesses, ancestors, spirits of the land and others in their communities. Great respect is given to ancestors in general, whether they be a person’s literal forebears or people who have inspired them in some way. Heathen gods are best known from Norse Mythology but they were honoured by many peoples outside of Scandinavia. Some of our English days of the week are named after the Heathen Gods: Tuesday is named after Tiw, Wednesday after Woden, Thursday after Thunor, and Friday after the goddess, Frige. Wicca is an earth based, Nature focused spirituality, drawing on the beliefs and practises of pantheism, Gnosticism, ceremonial magic, witchcraft and the pagan religions of the old worlds. It is the only religion to be given to the world by Great Britain. It is an eclectic religion with the original founders of Wicca drawing upon many sources to promote their religion. Most Wiccans work in a group called a Coven, which can contain from two to thirteen people. Wicca believe in a Goddess and God and celebrate the union between them, they perform their ceremonies in a circle and work closely with the four elements. Shamanism originally meant a spirit walker or healer from the tribes of Siberia. Today it means someone who

anyone living near the ocean. Tsunamis can occur in all oceans of the world and have been recorded in all mayor oceans. They are most common around the edge of the Pacific because of the many large earthquakes along the margins of the Pacific Ocean. According to the National Geophysical Data Centre, the first ever recorded tsunami occurred off the coast of Syria in 2000 BC. Since 1900 most tsunamis have been generated in Japan, Peru, Chile, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. History is full of examples of tsunamis that have caused huge destruction to many countries. Significant examples are tsunamis that occurred in the 18th and 19th centuries in Portugal, China, Indonesia and Japan. Tens of thousands of Portuguese people were killed in 1755 by a tsunami which followed the Lisbon earthquake. Soon after, the tsunami of 1782 in the South China Sea, caused the deaths of over 40,000 people. Over a century later, the Greek Krakatau Volcanic eruption in 1883 ravaged coastlines along the Sundra Straits destroying numerous villages and killing 36,500 people. In the last half of the 20th century there have been a number of destructive pacific wide tsunamis occurring in 1946, 1957, 1960 and 1964. In the last decade alone there have been at least ten tsunamis, three of which were in Indonesia. One of the most devastating tsunamis to take place occurred recently in 2004, when the biggest earthquake for over 40 years took place in the Indian Ocean. This probably ranks as the most destructive tsunami on record, spreading across four and a half thousand kilometres wide, over a period of 7 hours and resulting in the deaths of 280,000 people – the greatest loss of life in Tsunami history. The U.S. coast and Geodetic Survey established the tsunami warning system as a result of the loss of life and damaged caused in the Pacific. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre became operational in 1948 and now links to over 30 seismological stations throughout the pacific basin. It provides data on earthquakes in the Pacific and issues a tsunami watch to all receiving stations. There was no warning system in the Indian Ocean prior to the 2004 tsunami, arrangements have been made to implement a hi-tech network of ocean monitoring technology and a community response drill which takes a warning to every beach. Tsunamis cannot be predicted but numerical models and historical records can help determine where they are likely to be generated, so preparation can be made for these natural hazards.

TRACK 17 – Exercise 9Myths and Legends from Australia For the Aboriginal people, Australia is criss-crossed with a network of sacred paths or ‘songlines’ linking the spiritual sites of their ancestors. The Walpa (meaning winds) Gorge near Uluru – also known as Ayers Rock – is the home of Wanambi, the Rainbow Serpent, who helped shape Uluru with his breath. Each path, each crevice in the rock has a spiritual significance given to it by Wanambi. The British writer, Bruce Chatwin, wrote The songlines, which describes the Aborigine’s sacred paths and their creation stories. Aborigines are not allowed to tell their myths and stories to outsiders, but many of their paintings, some of which are thousands of years old, tell these stories in picture form. A more modern-day Australian myth is that of the Sneaky Hoop Snake. Legend has it that in the early nineteen hundreds, children would stay off school and ride around all day on their bikes, so the parents, in an effort to get the children home before dark, made up the story of the Hoop Snake. This terrible creature, they said, would lie on the sides of the dirt roads waiting for the sounds of the children on their bikes. Just

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Student’s Book Audio TranscriptsShakespeare’s plays which was being put on by the local theatrical group. They were brilliant! My wife and I loved it and will certainly be returning in the not too distant future.6I’d been trying to lose weight for ages, when I saw this diet in one of those health magazines and I thought I’d give it a try. All I could eat for the first week was minestrone. Minestrone for lunch and minestrone for dinner and by Saturday lunchtime I just couldn’t face another dish of the awful stuff. It didn’t make me feel sick or dizzy or anything like that, it just didn’t taste particularly appetizing. You can’t blame me for throwing in the towel and opting for a nice juicy steak instead. But guess what! When I stood on the scales the next morning I’d lost over 2 kilos!7A How do you like your new job then, Steven?B It’s much more rewarding than the last place I worked in. People

come to me for advice and I try and help them solve their problems. They might be suffering from backache or they might just want a nice comfy recliner to stretch out on and forget about all their troubles. There’s a huge range to choose from and we can get them delivered in no time at all.

A I’ll know where to come if my back starts playing up then.B You bet!8I wouldn’t go there if I were you. It was just about the worst place I’ve ever stayed at. When we got there, the room wasn’t ready and they made us wait in the reception for ages. Then, when they finally did let us have the key, it wasn’t the room we’d asked for. We’d booked a sea-view room and this one looked out over the park! The service in the restaurant was appalling, too and I told them so. I suggested the manager got a better cook unless he wanted all his customers going down with food poisoning!

TRACK 3 – Test 1 Part 2For thousands of years archaeologists have been trying to solve the puzzle of the origin of Stonehenge and discover a reason why this huge circle of stones was built five thousand years ago to align perfectly on the summer and winter solstice.For centuries experts have wondered if it was built as a place of worship or if it could have been part of a huge astronomical calendar. Some experts believe it is possible that the stones were put in place to serve some form of ritual function but despite numerous theories no one really knows why Stonehenge was originally built.A geology team declared that the stones that form the inner ring came from the Preseli Mountains in Wales and had been carried two hundred and forty miles over land and sea. A geomorphologist living in Pembrokeshire contradicted the assumption that the stones had been dug out of a quarry and transported by Bronze Age man to Stonehenge saying that it ‘stretched credibility’. It has been suggested in the Oxford Journal of Archaeology that the bluestones were ripped from the ground and moved by glaciers during the ice age. The debate will go on until someone is able to prove beyond doubt what happened one way or the other. The origins of Stonehenge have baffled archaeologists since its discovery in seventeen twenty-three. There are ancient avenues which criss-cross the land surrounding the stones but no one knows what they mean. The most famous of these avenues is the Cursus. This is an extraordinary feature of the landscape stretching for two miles but the reasons why it was

walks between the worlds. The main characteristic of Shamanism is its focus on an ecstatic trance state in which the soul is believed to leave the body and ascend to the sky or heavens or descend into the earth or underworld.

CD 3

TRACK 2 – Test 1 Part 11If you don’t watch out, you’re going to wind up in trouble and don’t expect me to get you out of it like I did last time. I know you needed a new suit for your interview, but was it really necessary to spend over a thousand pounds on it, knowing full well the cheque would bounce? I was so embarrassed when the bank manager phoned this morning! What on earth were you thinking of? You don’t expect someone to employ you just because you’ve got a brand name on your back, do you?2Lots of people are moving away from the crowded city centres to the countryside and who could blame them? Life in the city has become almost unbearable due to the chaos caused by traffic not to mention the smog. There has also been quite a remarkable increase in respiratory diseases due to people breathing in exhaust fumes while walking or cycling to work and so they’ve had to opt for the healthier way of life in the countryside. But what about the rest of us who don’t earn enough to just hand in our notice and take off? I suppose we’ll just have to resort to wearing protective masks when we’re out and about!3A Did you manage to save anything at all from the flames?B No, if only we had been warned, we could have got some of our

belongings out. But we just stood their in our night clothes and watched while it burned to the ground.

A How awful for you!B You can say that again, but disaster really struck when I found

out we weren’t insured!A What!B That’s right. My husband didn’t renew our insurance policy!

Apparently, it slipped his mind, and so we’ve lost everything!4The Golden Fleece was the skin of a golden ram which hung in a sacred grove guarded by a dragon. The hero Jason was summoned to win the fleece and he called upon the aid of other Greek heroes. These fifty heroes, including Orpheus and Hercules, were called the Argonauts after the ship they sailed in, the Argo. Upon reaching the land of the fleece, Jason was helped by the king’s daughter, Medea, a mighty sorceress. She drugged the dragon, so that she and Jason could escape with the Golden Fleece. The heroes fled in the Argo and sailed along the coast until they got back to Greece.5Last Friday, we went on a weekend break to the ancient city of Stratford-upon-Avon. A guide took us on a tour of the city and told us all about the old buildings, historic sites and showed us around some of the houses belonging to the Shakespeare family. In the evening, they had organized a trip to the theatre to see one of

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Student’s Book Audio Transcriptswe tried to claim through our agent’s insurers for the medical costs but because we weren’t actually on a package holiday, we weren’t able to claim compensation for the accident. Have you ever heard such nonsense?!3Two friends of mine booked a package holiday to Sharm-el-Sheikh in Egypt with Corner Street Travel at a cost of £1,438. They’d seen it advertised on TV, so one of them rang up and paid for the whole package, including travel insurance, immediately. A letter confirming full payment arrived, stating they would fly with TVA Airways, but two weeks before the holiday, the airline went into liquidation and they were asked to pay a further £1,000 for new flights. The company they had booked with, had paid separately for flight transfers and accommodation which meant my friends had to rebook their flights and pay the new fare.They could have claimed a full refund because the airline was covered by insurance, but the travel agency didn’t even bother to let them know.4There’s nothing worse than going on holiday and not being able to get home because the airline has gone into liquidation. A friend of mine is being badly affected. She is due to marry in Florida and has booked all the flights and transfers through a local travel agency. Forty of her guests were due to fly out on 26th September with XL Airlines and all the flights have been cancelled. Poor thing! She was so enthusiastic when she booked. She even paid £3000 in cash because she didn’t want to pay the 3% charge on her credit card and now she might have to get a bridging loan so that she can pay for a new set of flights at a later date. She is worried she might not be able to get out there for her own wedding!5We had an awful journey to reach our holiday destination in Turkey. Heavy traffic on the motorway in England followed by delays at the airports, not to mention a three and a half hour bus ride to reach the hotel! After sixteen hours travelling, we were both exhausted, so we had a quick snack and retired to bed. The next morning, I awoke to find my sister very excited after waking in the early hours to watch the dawn break and listen to a donkey braying, birds singing and the mosque calling people to prayer. My sister thought this was a fun start to our holiday, whereas I just snuggled further down under the covers and went back to sleep.

TRACK 5 – Test 1 Part 4

Int. In the studio today is musician, James Holland, who’s come to tell us about the pleasure and satisfaction that can be gained from the love and practice of music.

man I could not imagine a life without music, not being able to play an instrument or having access to music whether through radio, television, CDs or concerts. The best thing about music is that anyone can take it up. It is easily accessible and very rewarding, it is also an amazing combination of physical coordination and intellectual and expressive activity.

Int. How would someone with an interest in music go about finding a suitable instrument and learning to play?

man Well, the first and obvious thing is to decide on the instrument. Most people, whether musical or not, have their favourites. Then, learning to play your chosen instrument, this can be done

built and what it was built for, have not yet been discovered. During a recent excavation on the site, there was a remarkable find. A fragment of an antler which was used as a pick was found while working was being done on an old burial barrow at the end of the Cursus. The archaeologists working on the dig hope to find material which will enable them to possibly date when the burial borrow was built and how it links to the Cursus. There have been many theories over the years. One, that it could have been a racetrack for Roman chariots until it was discovered to be much older than that. A new excavation puts the arrival of the stones at 3000 BC – which is nearly five hundred years earlier than originally thought and suggests that perhaps it was mainly used as a burial site. This conflicts with research that had dated the construction of Stonehenge to 2300 BC and had proposed it was a healing centre. This date was arrived at by carbon dating and was the major find from an excavation inside the henge. It has also been declared that the 2300 BC date relates to the time when the stones were moved from the outer pits to the centre of the site. An earlier theory was that the holes had held bluestones due to a discovery in 1920 in three of the pits of crushed and compacted chalk. The stones were very closely associated with the remains of the dead. Cremation burials were carried out from inside the holes holding the stones and also the areas around them. The archaeologists believe that it is possible that very early in the history of Stonehenge there were fifty-six Welsh bluestones forming one ring which would have measured 87 metres across. Although Stonehenge has existed for thousands of years, it still holds a fascination not only for archaeologists but also members of the public and the site is visited by up to a million people every year – at the same time Archaeologists and other enthusiasts continue their work in the hope that one day they may find the true reasons for the building of Stonehenge.

TRACK 4 – Test 1 Part 31When we got to the airport we were offered a leaflet giving information about scams involving fake Spanish holiday clubs. It was warning tourists to be wary of touts handing out scratch cards which tell them they have won a prize. Apparently, these cards were being used to lure poor, unsuspecting holiday makers to a high cost sales pitch. Tourists who had attended sales presentations, had ended up spending thousands of pounds in membership fees by signing up for fake holiday clubs. Most of them found they had simply bought access to an internet booking service offering a service which they could have got for free at a travel agent. The leaflet said that, on average, the victims lost about three thousand pounds each with absolutely no hope of getting their money back!2Do you remember the good old times when holidays were booked as a package, covering flights, transfers and accommodation and if there were any problems you could usually rely on the travel agent to sort them out? Well, my wife and I decided to try the old-fashioned way and we booked an all-inclusive holiday with ‘Holiday World’ for our 25th wedding anniversary. Unfortunately, I had a bad fall while on holiday and was advised by the doctor to get in touch with my travel insurance. That’s when I discovered from the hotel manager that we had not been booked at the hotel with ‘Holiday World’ but with ‘Comos’ – he explained that different parts of our holiday had been booked with different companies. So,

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Student’s Book Audio Transcriptschange of direction, retrained and here I am. It’s been almost 4 years now and I can honestly say that no day is like the one before. What’s particularly rewarding is that I’m helping people who find themselves in difficult situations, due to any number of reasons… health problems, unemployment, to name just two. What’s great is that, more often than not I can make some sort of difference to their lives.2Well, it was OK I suppose. But to be honest, if you’ve seen one, you’ve seen them all. And the final scene was just awful. They’re looking up at the stars with far away looks on their faces, when suddenly all these rockets and fireworks start exploding in the sky. He’s a tough New York cop and she’s an investigative reporter, and at the beginning they hate each other, but you’ve guessed it, he saves her from a professional killer and it’s not long before they’re running into each other’s arms in a crowded subway station.3A So… how was it?B It wasn’t exactly the best two weeks I’ve ever had. On the first

night we went out to a local restaurant and by the time we got back to the hotel Beth was feeling sick and dizzy. The hotel doctor had a look at her and said it was food poisoning.

A How awful!B It wasn’t so bad. It meant that I could just sit around the pool

and relax while she was sleeping, instead of dragging me around to see every monument and museum like she usually does.

A You’re terrible!B Don’t worry; she got her revenge on the second week. I just

wanted to relax but we had to see as much as we could in the time we had left… we ended up shouting at each other in the middle of an ancient convent and then didn’t speak until we got home. It’s all OK now though. We’re both just glad to be back.

4A There you are. I was beginning to worry.B Sorry. I was just looking at one of those vases on sale. They’re

really cheap and I thought it would look good on the TV. And if it didn’t I could just bring it back with the receipt and get my money back. But just as I turned it over, the handle came off in my hand. So I just put it down and came back here. I hope nobody noticed me.

A Well, let’s just pay for all this stuff and get out of here as soon as we can.

5All this week in Abbey Road Park you can sample locally made biscuits, cakes and desserts including last year’s prize winning carrot cake. Dozens of rides and stalls for all the family as well as music on the main stage from 8. Local band Freddy and the Pacesetters will be performing songs from their new album Phenomenal. Tickets cost 8 pounds for adults, 4 pounds for under 16’s.6I know, but that’s not really that important… she’s only my age and hasn’t been doing this very long, but management seem to think she’s quite capable, and I suppose they must know what they’re doing. It’s more that with all these cuts she’s proposing… most of the junior staff will be out of work and will have to look for other jobs, and who’s going to do their share of the work here? You’ve guessed it… I’ll be stuck with it and expected to finish everything on time as always.

perhaps with private lessons or depending on your choice of instrument, maybe in a class or with a group of likeminded would be musicians.

Int. What about children? When do you take their wish to learn an instrument and study music seriously?

man You will soon discover how enthusiastic your child is, by the way they decide on an instrument and whether they practise without always being told to do so. They may find a new way of playing around with their instrument. In other words, they are not just ‘practising’, but learning to make music with it.

Int. How would you go about helping a child choose an instrument and what age do you think they should start?

man It needn’t be too much of a problem, most children will begin with a piano, recorder, violin or cello, they need to feel comfortable with it. Some instruments are more suitable for younger children: the recorder, for instance, is easy to handle and some stringed instruments are available in smaller versions. Brass and woodwind should be left until they have the strength to blow and they have their second teeth. To find out which type of music your child really likes, you can take them to concerts to listen to live music and find out about different instruments. You shouldn’t make the mistake of starting them too young or too soon because lessons can be hard to cope with under the age of eight.

Int. What about children with a disability?man Music can be great therapy, it can be a way of exploring the

world or simply a pleasurable experience in its own right whether the child is listening to or creating music. Most children respond beautifully to music. Attending music classes is stimulating and it gives the child the chance to socialize with children who don’t treat him any differently. One case which comes to mind is David, an autistic boy who ignored his brother for several years. Music therapy has made a positive impact on their lives and their interaction has increased remarkably.

Int. And where can parents find this sort of help if they have a disabled child?

man If parents are looking for a music therapist, they should contact A.P.M.T, the Association of Professional Music Therapists, as only the therapists who have completed a recognized course are allowed to be state registered. There is also a centre in London called Norway Robins, which provides music therapy, training courses and a research department. It was founded on the belief that we can all respond to music even when ill or disabled. The ability to express ourselves through music and sound is an innate capacity which does not depend on musical skills or verbal language. The children have lots of fun and a great social life as a result of the fact that they play musical instruments. They are learning a universal language beyond words and you don’t have to be academic to be musical. So children with differing abilities can play together, this plays an important part in that it can bring together able-bodied and disabled children to enjoy the same musical pastimes.

TRACK 6 – Test 2 Part 11Before I came here I worked in sales and really I found the monotony getting to me. Every day was essentially the same. So I took a complete

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Student’s Book Audio Transcriptsperiod of 60 days. Iberian Lynx conservation is now under way through political campaigning and lobbying from individuals and organizations such as SOS Lynx. Important progress has been made in a number of ways. The foundation of the breeding programme in Andalucía, prevention of further construction in areas the Iberian lynx lives, and the halting of proposals for new roads in problematic areas, such as the new motorway that had been planned between Ciudad Real in La Mancha and Cordoba in Andalucía. Despite these successes, challenges and conflicting pressures remain. The World Wildlife Foundation has been urging Spanish authorities for over two years to close a road which crosses the Doñana national park, as Callum Rankine of the WWF says, ‘With such a small population, the accidental loss of just one individual on the road brings the species closer to the brink of extinction.’

TRACK 8 – Test 2 Part 31It came as a complete surprise. Right out of the blue she came home and told me she’d been made redundant from work and said why didn’t we just take off for a year and travel around the world. Well, it just all seemed to make sense. I wasn’t enjoying my work at the time and was thinking about doing something else. Her company had given her quite a generous redundancy package and also we could rent out our house for the year; that would give us enough to live on for the year as long as we were careful with our money. And I’m pleased to say that we were, apart from the occasional few luxuries here and there… you know, meals in expensive restaurants for special occasions like birthdays or anniversaries, that kind of thing.2It’s something I’d been looking into for some time. To tell you the truth, it’s something I’ve wanted to do ever since I was a kid. It just never seemed that it would be something I could realistically do, so it just remained a dream. But after somebody told me how cheap it was when you actually got there, I started to do some serious research. And really, although actually getting there is very expensive, the price of the hotels, restaurants and travelling around the country is so low compared to places in Europe, it means that in total you’re not paying much more than you would for a cheap holiday on the beach in Greece or Spain. And it’s a lot more interesting than just lying around on a beach somewhere. It was great. I’m going back there next year. I didn’t think I would ever be able to say that. 3It’s not every day you go on honeymoon, but if you ask me it was all a bit over the top. We had our own private beach and the staff couldn’t do enough for us; they wouldn’t let us do a thing for ourselves. For example if I tried to pour myself a drink, somebody would suddenly appear and take the bottle out of my hand and finish pouring it. I know it’s all these luxuries that you’re paying for but it’s a bit much for me and wasn’t something I was comfortable with. I suppose you must just get used to it after a while, but all the time I kept thinking that it would have been a better idea if we’d used that money to buy a washing machine and some new furniture instead of going to all that expense.4To tell you the truth, the hotel was a bit of a letdown. The pictures

7It seemed like quite a challenge when I heard about the project; I mean playing somebody like Buster Keaton who performed all his own stunts... having to jump from a horse onto a train… it’s a bit too much for me, I can’t even ride a horse. But after reading the script I was relieved to see that wasn’t necessary at all. It’s mainly focused on his personal life and so I wouldn’t have to face such physical torments. Instead I spent hours every day, for about three months in fact, watching DVDs of his old films, studying his mannerisms and facial expressions. And to be honest with you, I’m more than a little proud of the result.8A So I know you’re dying to tell me… how’s the car?B To tell you the truth, I’m beginning to think I should have waited

a bit longer. I may have made a mistake and rushed into buying it. I just imagined it there in my garage and had to have it.

A Why do you think you’ve made a mistake?B It’s just that I’ve spent everything I had on it. I could’ve just

bought something second hand or kept my old one running for another year or so. If I have to take it for repairs any time soon, I don’t know how I’ll be able to pay for it.

TRACK 7 – Test 2 Part 2The most endangered cat species is the Iberian Lynx, sometimes called the Spanish Lynx. Should this species die out it would be the first feline extinction since the Smilodon, commonly known as the Sabre-Toothed Tiger, 10,000 years ago. Recent studies estimate the number of surviving Iberian lynx to be as few as 100, which is around 400 less than there were in 2000. What does an Iberian Lynx look like? Their leopard-like spots particularly distinguish it from its cousin, the Eurasian Lynx and it is also smaller, with a head and body length between 85 and a 110 centimetres. Males can weigh between 12.9 and 27 kilograms, which is about half the weight of the average Eurasian Lynx. The lynx can live up to a period of thirteen years. The Iberian Lynx’s size means that it typically hunts for animals no bigger than rabbits or hares. Rabbits would account for more than 70% of the Lynx’s food, but due to Spain’s declining rabbit population, the lynx has been forced to attack larger mammals such as young deer or roebuck. The Iberian Lynx hunts alone and follows its prey even up to distances of a 100 kilometres. Or it lies in wait for its prey for many hours. It uses the four sets of whiskers on its ears and chin to sense its victim. They are active at night. They stay active in winter and their fur becomes thicker and paler. In extreme weather, they take shelter in caves or trees. The Iberian Lynx was once widespread all over the peninsula but it is now restricted to very small areas, mainly mountainous areas covered with vegetation. Its drastic decline over recent decades is due to loss of habitat, reduction in prey and high non-natural mortality from road kills, predator control and hunting, although it is under legal protection and it is no longer legal to hunt them. It was recently thought that the only breeding Iberian lynxes were in the Doñana National Park in Andulucía, southern Spain, but in 2007 a previously unknown population was discovered in Castilla-La Mancha in central Spain. In March 2005, for the first time Iberian Lynxes managed to breed in captivity. 3 healthy cubs were born at a breeding centre in Doñana. In 2009 it was announced that 3 more cubs had been born in the same centre. Typically a mother will give birth to 3 cubs after a gestation

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Student’s Book Audio Transcriptsalso restrictions on the way you can tackle another player, so all in all it’s a sport that requires a high level of skill and years of practice.

Int. And tell us how popular the sport is outside Ireland.Sean Well the history of Ireland is dominated by emigration.

While the country itself has a population of less than 7 million, it’s often claimed that there are over 70 million people around the world with Irish ancestry. Nearly 11% of Americans see themselves as Irish-Americans. My own parents came over to Britain from Galway in the West of Ireland in the 1930s. Wherever these emigrants went, they took their sport with them. So now hurling is played in places such as Britain, the USA, Canada, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, as well as places in continental Europe – for example there are teams from Brussels, from Luxembourg, from Munich, Paris and Zurich.

Int. And what would you say the appeal of the sport is?Sean As well as the cultural aspect: keeping in touch with your

roots, the game itself is so fast moving and so skilful that it’s hard to take your eyes away from the action for even a second. Also in these days of the commercialisation of sport when you have footballers or formula one drivers earning more in a week than most of us will see in a lifetime, it’s important to remember that even at the very highest level, hurling players are amateurs. That and the absence of violence between supporters…even in the most important matches there’s no segregation between rival fans… gives the sport a purity and nobility that I don’t think you get in other sports.

Int. Thanks, Sean. I think we all know a little more about what sounds like a fascinating sport. That was Sean McGinn of the British Gaelic Athletic Association talking about the sport of hurling.

TRACK 10 – Test 3 Part 11I don’t know what’s got into him. He used to be such a sweet boy. He’d come round to the house at Christmas time and sing such lovely carols. My husband used to take him fishing on Sunday mornings… if you could get him out of bed on time of course. Now he hardly says a word to either of us and he’s been getting into terrible trouble in the classroom. The headmaster has asked them all to come in for a meeting. We’re all worried he’s going to be expelled from school.2In the end I just decided it wasn’t really what I was looking for. Sure, if you compare it to places in the centre of town, it certainly wasn’t bad value for money. But, at the end of the day, it’s just me, no wife, no kids, why would I need two extra bedrooms? I know it’s more expensive to stay here in town, but I don’t really want to spend an hour or more commuting from the outskirts rather than just walking half an hour to work.3All my friends laughed when I told them I’d bought tickets. ‘How old are you?’ they asked, and I suppose they’ve got a point – I think the lead singer is only a couple of years younger than my granddad. But I’ve always loved their music... well…their early stuff from the 60s and 70s…

in the brochure were flattering to say the very least. The restaurant was supposed to be five star but I can honestly say I’ve had better food in a motorway service station. It wasn’t all bad though, the area itself was lovely. The beach near the village was lovely and had everything you could ask for… clean white sand, beautiful blue sea, palm trees. And the locals were really friendly and really made a fuss of the kids. I think we’ll go back there soon, but we’ll definitely stay in a different hotel, that one wasn’t good value for money at all.5I’d really been looking forward to going there and I wasn’t disappointed. Not in the least. From the moment you arrive there you feel immersed in its history. It’s the birthplace of civilisation after all, and every street you walk down reminds you of this. I know some people wouldn’t find it much fun, to be going from boring museum to boring museum, but it wasn’t like that. When you see some of the collections they have in the museums, and you see it in context to the city itself, well, it’s an extraordinary feeling. The weather wasn’t great but I don’t think that spoiled it for us at all. It’s not like you go to a place like that just to sit on the beach and get a tan. We had a week there, but really you’d need a month just to see everything.

TRACK 9 – Test 2 – Part 4Int. It’s been described as the fastest ball game in the world,

and is played in places as far away as Australia and South Africa but it actually comes from our western neighbours over in Ireland. Many of us know next to nothing about this sport so it will come as a surprise to learn that it has been played competitively all over our country since the 19th century. Sean McGinn of the British Gaelic Athletic Association is here to tell us a bit about the sport of hurling. Hi, Sean, thanks for coming. Could you give us a brief description of hurling?

Sean Sure. Well, it’s played on a pitch of around 140 metres long and 85 metres wide, although for youth matches it’s considerably smaller. There are two teams of 15 people and each player has a slim bat called a hurley which is made from ash wood. Players use the hurley to propel a small leather ball, which is slightly bigger than a tennis ball. There are two ways to score points during a match – by scoring into the goal and past the goalkeeper, whose hurley is slightly bigger than the outfield players’... just to give him a chance… or you can score by hitting the ball over the bar but between two long posts. A goal scored past the goalkeeper is worth 3 points while putting it over the bar is worth 1.

Int. Well that all sounds relatively easy. Is it?Sean Not so easy as all that I’m afraid. As you said earlier, it is

the fastest ball game in the world. A good hurler can hit the ball up to 150 kilometres an hour and the ball can travel as much as 110 metres. There are also a few rules that make the whole thing trickier for the players. You can’t just pick up the ball from the floor, you have to flick it up using the hurley. You can’t carry the ball in your hand for more than 4 steps, so you have to run while balancing the ball on the hurley, which is no easy thing. There are

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Student’s Book Audio Transcripts8Wellco Supermarkets are offering another sensational summer savings sizzler. In our East Park, Church Street and North Road branches, buy 2 one and a half litre bottles of premiocola for just £1.40, that’s a saving of nearly 50%... and that’s not all. Collect the tokens on each bottle top and for every 6 you’ll get a free margherita or tex mex pizza at PizzaNation in the high street. Enter our free draw to win a holiday for two in Punta Cana, Mexico when you spend over £25 on any Wellco own-brand products.

TRACK 11 – Test 3 Part 2Douglas Finch is to be awarded the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Business Administration in recognition of his outstanding scientific, design, and entrepreneurial achievements and their important contribution to the history and reputation of Bristol.Douglas Finch was born near Glasgow and attended Allan Glen’s School before reading aeronautical engineering at Glasgow University, from which he graduated in 1961. He gained a Master’s Degree in Industrial Engineering at Cornell University, USA in 1963 before returning to the United Kingdom and joining the Bristol Aeroplane Company.He joined the Bristol Gliding Club and in 1965 received the Silver ‘C’ Gliding Badge. In 1967 he helped build the ‘Bristol Belle’, a red and white striped balloon which made its first flights at Weston-on-the-Green near Oxford. It was the first modern hot air balloon in Western Europe. In 1968 Doug Finch was issued with the first ever Private Pilot’s Licence for Hot Air Balloons.The success of Doug Finch in translating his ballooning expertise into a commercial concern is reflected in the birth and success of his company, Finch Balloons of Bristol, which was formed by Finch in 1971 – five years after he constructed his first balloon. The new company was based in Dutton, Bristol, where a total of twenty-nine balloons were made in the basement of the property. 1971 also saw Finch build Golden Falcon, a balloon designed specifically to fly across the Sahara.In 1972 Doug Finch received the Royal Aeronautical Club Bronze Medal, the first awarded for hot air airships. A year later he was awarded the Royal Aeronautical Club Silver Medal for the first balloon flight over the Alps. In the same year he received the Lighter Than Air Society (USA) Achievement Award for the development of the first hot air ship. Five years later he attempted the first Atlantic crossing by balloon for which he received the Royal Aeronautical Club Gold Medal. In 1978 his attempt to make the premier Atlantic crossing by balloon ended when bad weather forced his heated helium balloon ‘Zanussi’ down after a 2,000 mile flight from Canada.The Finch company moved to its present site in Gellingborough in 1983 and in the following years all of the records for distance and duration were taken by pilots flying Finch balloons. In 1989 Finch Balloons Limited received the Queen’s Award for Export, confirmation that Doug Finch had made Bristol the undisputed balloon manufacturing capital of the world. During the 1990s interest in becoming the first to fly around the world by balloon became intense and almost all the contenders have used Finch helium/hot air balloons.Doug Finch has advanced the science, technology and art of balloon flight to the highest level. His factory in Bristol is the world’s largest and last year he was awarded the Prince Philip Design Award. Doug Finch will receive his Honorary Degree of Doctor of Business Administration at the award ceremony at Bristol Business School on Tuesday 20 November at 11.30 a.m. at Bristol Cathedral.

that’s why I felt really let down when they spent 40 minutes playing songs from their new album, which I have to say, isn’t great. But once that was out of the way they went on to play just about every song they’ve ever written. You’ve got to admire their energy… I can’t imagine my granddad running around on stage for that long.

4I’ve been there before, I went there with my wife to celebrate our third anniversary, which was five years ago now. We had a great time just sitting around in the squares, getting a tan and seeing the sights. I don’t imagine I’ll get to see many sights this time, unless you count a hotel room, the inside of a taxi and a conference centre as sights. Luckily it’s only 4 days and I’ll be back on Saturday… I’d better be, my brother’s getting married and I’m the best man!5Pres. So Brian, this is it... here comes the final question. Let

me remind you, you’ve used all three life lines and if you choose to play and get the answer wrong you’ll walk home with nothing. If, after hearing the question, you decide not to play, you keep the two thousand pounds you’ve already won. But… if you get the answer right… you win the jackpot of ten thousand pounds. OK? Here it is… who won the European Football Cup in 1979 and 1980? Was it A: Real Madrid, B: Liverpool or C: Nottingham Forest

Brian Well… I think it was Nottingham Forest but I’m not absolutely sure… so I think I’ll keep what I’ve already won. I’ve had a lovely day, thanks for everything.

Pres. Well, Brian, you’re a cautious man… and you were right... it was answer C: Nottingham Forest. A round of applause everybody for Brian Smith, a worthy winner.

6A Hello Scottish Rail, how can I help you?B Hi, I’d like to buy a return ticket to Glasgow please.A When were you thinking of travelling back?B I’m not exactly sure, maybe next Monday but it’s not really

definite.A Well, an open return is £67.20 which means you can come back

any time before the end of next month. If you decide to buy a fixed return for next Monday that’s £43.50. But you know, a single is £25… so if you buy a single and then another single when you decide to come back, you’re only spending £6.50 more than the fixed return.

B Ah… that’s what I’ll do then. Can I have one of those please.A Sure. That’s £25 please.

7I’ve been really surprised by their reaction to be honest. They’ve been really supportive, Dad even lent me the money for the deposit and helped me move all my stuff in. That’s the odd thing, they have such an old fashioned attitude I thought that never in a million years would they let me. I think that’s what made me decide to leave really, we never seemed to see eye to eye on anything and would get on each other’s nerves and row about almost everything.My new place is a little nearer to the office, but only about another 10 minutes on the bus. What’s great is that now I have my own space and I can just invite a friend round, cook dinner, watch a DVD, that sort of thing, without having to check with mum and dad if it’s OK… and possibly having a blazing row about it.

62

Student’s Book Audio Transcriptstraffic can take over an hour and a half. And while the kids don’t mind it now, I dread to think what they’ll be like when they’re a bit older... there’s literally nothing for teenagers to do here. I guess we should have given it a bit more practical thought before we dived in and moved.

TRACK 13 – Test 3 Part 4Int. We’ve all heard of fun-runs and half marathons, maybe

we’ve even competed in them… but how many of us have heard of ultra-marathons? My guest today is Stan Woodcock who is going to tell us all about ultra-marathons. Hi, Stan, thanks for coming. Maybe I could start by asking you the obvious question... what exactly is an ultra-marathon?

Stan Hello Roy, thanks for inviting me onto the programme. Well, you know there’s no straightforward answer to your question. Not all ultra-marathons are the same. The simplest answer I can give you is that it involves running further than a normal marathon, which is 42.195 kilometres. Basically you could divide them into two types as well, those that cover a specific distance and those that take place within a specific time period, with the winner being the runner who has covered the most distance.

Int. What sort of distances and time periods are we talking about here?

Stan Well, the timed events range from 6, 12 and 24 hours to 3 and 6 days. In terms of the distance races, the most common distances are 50 and 100 kilometres.

Int. Six days? Surely here in Britain, we’d run out of anywhere to run to!

Stan No – timed events are generally run on a track or a short road course, usually about a kilometre in length.

Int. And how popular are ultra-marathons?Stan More popular than you’d think. In Europe alone there were

more than 200 ultra-marathons last year. There are a few in Africa, including the world’s oldest, the 89 kilometre ‘comrades marathon’ in South Africa which attracts about 12,000 runners a year and a 250 kilometre race in Namibia called ‘racing the planet’… it’s becoming more popular in Asia. Taiwan, Japan and Korea have all hosted ultra-marathons, and India held its first in Bangalore in 2007. There’s even an ultra-marathon held in Antarctica!

Int. And I believe you’ve just returned from the United States; tell us about that. From what you told me before the programme, it sounds impossible!

Stan Well, I took part in the Badwater Ultra-marathon. Which is a terrific test of your personal endurance. It’s a 215 km course which starts at 85 metres below sea level and ends at the top of Mount Whitney in Death Valley, California… 2,548 metres above sea level. What makes it particularly tricky is that it’s held in July, when temperatures can reach 49 degrees in the shade. A guy called Al Arnold pioneered the course, first attempting it in 1974, but he failed to finish due to dehydration. He tried again the following year but sustained a knee injury, but in 1977 he was the first to finish it, with a time of eighty hours.

TRACK 12 – Test 3 – Part 31People tell me I should cash in on it, sell up and move out to the country. Prices have gone up so much around here that I could get a lovely place somewhere rural. I don’t know though, it had never really occurred to me before. I’ve lived half my life here and don’t really see much reason for a change. But while you might say the area has gone up-market and improved, with these new bistros and shops, well it’s lost something too. A lot of the character it used to have… I mean, now I don’t even know my neighbours’ names and they don’t know mine. So I’m not sure if I should stick around now. Moving… well, it’s food for thought.2There was a time around here that you could leave your front door open morning, noon and night. Kids just played in the street unsupervised and only came home when it got dark or their dinner was on the table. Everybody knew everybody else…and their business… so it wasn’t all great! … But over the last few years it’s got worse and worse and I’ve no idea why, I really don’t. Mrs Peters at number 36, she was mugged just last Thursday, 50 pounds and her mobile phone she lost.3When we saw it we just fell in love with it. The old wooden floors, the heavy oak doors, the delightful bay windows… and the garden… the garden’s going to be glorious in spring. We’ll have picnics, maybe even barbecues. Of course there’s lots of work to be done before it’s perfect, if it ever will be… But we seem to be settling in. Most of the local shopkeepers seem to know our names now and most people say hello in the street. It’s such a change from living in the city. And when the kids go back to school there’s a really good one at the other end of the village. I’ll probably have to walk them there though… the high street is very busy with cars and I don’t want to risk them crossing a busy road on their own.4Well, with the kids now, there’s just not enough room for all of us. We had to do it really. Obviously, I would have liked to have stayed here, but it’s for the best. It was just impractical really. And now we’ll have a lovely place. I’ve lived here since I left home. I never imagined then how much my life would change. Look out of the window, see that shop, that’s where I bought my first suit for my first day of work, and there’s the café where I met Karen, my wife. The idea of moving was hard at first, leaving all these memories behind. Still, it’s for the best and it’s not like we’re moving to the other side of the world. It’s only a ten minute drive and I can pop back whenever I like.5I realise now it wasn’t the right thing to do. We jumped in too quick; we just took one look at the cottage and the village and we fell in love. We didn’t really think about the practicalities. It all seemed so idyllic really. Country houses with beautiful gardens, cricket on the village green, the village fete, the duck pond... it seemed like we were going back in time. But once you’re used to all that, spent a year or so here… well…that’s when the realities kick in. There’s not really much to do. If we want to go to the cinema it’s a half hour drive to the multiplex on the ring road. If we want to eat in a good restaurant or see an exhibition we have to go into town, which with

63

Student’s Book Audio Transcriptsanger and rage that exists in most of us is based on our inability to accept our own inadequacies. It has taught me that we all have the strength and conviction to deal with adversity – if we can just tap into it. But more than anything, it has left me feeling profoundly grateful for my family and friends, appreciation of what I have, who I am, and where I am going in my life.

Int. Stan Woodcock, thanks for coming in and speaking to us.

Int. That sounds like quite a trial, Stan. Can I ask you just one last question, and I hope it doesn’t sound rude… but, why do you do it? It sounds crazy!

Stan Don’t worry, I’m asked that all the time. Maybe I used to ask myself too. But I can tell you this… it has taught me how I can take responsibility for my life and thereby guide my own destiny instead of blaming other people and being victimised by my own imperfections. It confirmed that the

64

Language Maximiser Answer Key 2 1 cup 2 bowl, carton 3 slices 4 glass 5 packets

6 piece 7 tin 8 can, bar

3 Jake: Right, how many eggs have we got left in the

fridge?

maddy: Um, not a large amount, I think we’ve only got

three.

Jake: OK, I’ll get a box, then. And what about butter,

do we need to get any?

maddy: No, we’ve got lots of butter left. But we’ll need

to buy some milk.

Jake: Wow! There are too many different types of

milk... Do you have any preferences?

maddy: Get some of those big bottles of semi-skimmed

milk, please.

Jake: Now, what about fruit and vegetables? We

haven’t got many bananas left, so I’ll get some

of those too.

maddy: Don’t forget we haven’t got any onions for

tonight’s curry!

Jake: There you go. How wonderful! What a lot of

delicious-looking raspberries! Shall I get a few

boxes for dessert?

maddy: Good idea. We can have them with a little ice

cream. I mustn’t have too much though, I am

supposed to be on a diet!!

Jake: We haven’t got a great deal of rice for this

evening either. I’ll get some more of that too.

maddy: Make sure you get whole wheat, it’s much

healthier for you!

Jake: I agree. Right, time to go to the checkout. How

much money have you got on you?

maddy: Hmmm, about ten pounds. That’s too little to

pay for all this stuff! Let’s pay by credit card.

4 1 b 2 e 3 c 4 f 5 a 6 h 7 d 8 g

5 1 peel 2 chop 3 vegetables 4 little 5 a few 6 add

7 fry 8 beef 9 some 10 lots 11 wholegrain

6 1 more 2 have 3 than 4 by 5 at 6 to 7 take 8 some

7 1 careful 2 kindness 3 preview 4 recycling

5 thoughtful 6 disrepair

8 1 misunderstanding 2 wonderful 3 disagree 4 rethink

5 prepackaged 6 unbelievable 7 miserable 8 tasteless

9 happiness

UNIT 1

Society and Identity Pages 6-8

1 1 B 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 D 6 C 7 D 8 B

2 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 C 6 B 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 C

3 1 haven’t seen you

2 I’m

3 it looks

4 have you had

5 Do you like

6 went

7 I got

8 do you do

9 I’ve been working

10 are you still looking for

11 I’ve decided

12 has offered

13 I’ve been practising

14 is

15 I’m studying

16 I don’t know

17 we’ve just made

18 I’m looking forward

19 I’ve really enjoyed

20 I promise

4 1 C 2 A 3 F 4 E 5 B 6 D

5 1 off with 2 out 3 up 4 after 5 into 6 off 7 for

8 over 9 up

6 1 immigrant’s 2 tolerant 3 increasingly 4 differences

5 easier 6 harmonious 7 integration 8 better 9 cultural

UNIT 2

Food for All! Pages 9-11

1 vegetables lettuce bell pepper onion bean

fruits lemon watermelon grape raspberry

meat bacon beef chicken ham

fish tuna salmon oyster clam

grain products rice dried pasta cereal toast

drinks milk juice water coffee

65

Language Maximiser Answer Key 5 1 fitter 2 younger 3 the best 4 the greatest 5 further

6 oldest 7 better 8 the biggest 9 the worst 10 sorrier

6 1 certainly 2 shocking 3 importance 4 successful

5 further 6 exhilarating 7 tenderness 8 thrilled

UNIT 4

Music: New Scenarios Pages 17-19

1 1 heavy metal 2 country 3 jazz 4 R&B 5 reggae

6 rap 7 classical

2 1 band 2 mainstream 3 burned 4 laptop 5 upload

6 sign 7 deal 8 recording 9 gigs 10 classical

11 release 12 download

3 1 e 2 i 3 b 4 g 5 a 6 h 7 f 8 c 9 j 10 d

4 1 a 2 the 3 — 4 a 5 the 6 an 7 a 8 — 9 the 10 a

11 an 12 the 13 the 14 an 15 the 16 — 17 the

18 the 19 — 20 the 21 the 22 the

5 1 the 2 — 3 the 4 a 5 the 6 an 7 a 8 the 9 — 10 a

11 — 12 a 13 the 14 the 15 — 16 the

6 1 C 2 A 3 A 4 D 5 B 6 A 7 A 8 C

UNIT 5

To Read or Not to Read Pages 22-24

1 1 science fiction 2 crime 3 dictionary 4 self-help

5 action and adventure 6 magazine

2 1 encyclopedia 2 biography 3 novel 4 literature

5 diary 6 guidebook 7 logbook 8 manual 9 album

10 atlas 11 essay 12 article

E N C Y C L O P E D I A

A N D A R T I C L E B E

B O O S R O L A E T A R

T R I S T N O V E L N U

A D L E N O A B O A R T

B I O G R A P H Y U S A

O A G R E T N A R N E R

O R B E E L O L A A B E

N Y O N T A L B U M O T

M D O C A S T F M I O I

O S K O O B E D I U G L

UNIT 3

Sports Champions Pages 14-16

Wordsearch

O G A R I S A I L I N G

N O T A O N B N C I A O

M A T C H O L Y M P I C

C L K E M W R E A B L O

S K I E R B C U T R E C

D E H N S O A P H I R L

I E M Y H A M E L T O I

H P Y H U R D L E S I M

Q E W B D D O O T P U B

M R A T R I P L E I C I

E T O B G N J M E N G N

H A N G - G L I D I N G

1 1 snowboarding 2 climbing 3 goalkeeper 4 match

5 sailing 6 race 7 hurdles 8 Olympic 9 skier

10 athlete 11 triple 12 hang-gliding

2 1 any 2 many 3 more 4 in 5 each 6 as 7 have

8 than

3

adjective adverb

determinercomparative superlative

short shorter the shortest

late later the latest

big bigger the biggest

trendy trendier the trendiest

exciting more exciting the most exciting

good / well better the best

bad / badly worse the worst

much / many more the most

little less the least

few fewer the fewest

far further the furthest

4 1 the best 2 the fastest 3 cooler 4 tallest 5 the most

beautiful 6 happier 7 the worst 8 cleaner 9 better

66

Language Maximiser Answer KeySpeaking Buster Parts 3 and 4 Pages 28-29

1 b 2 c 3 a 4 e 5 f 6 d

UNIT 7

Revolutionary Inventions Pages 30-32

1 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 B 6 A

2 1 was patented 2 was made 3 bore 4 was uncovered

5 been given 6 was built, was powered

3 1 The dogs are taken for a walk by Mum every morning.

2 Chocolate cupcakes were made by me last night.

3 Their suitcases are being packed as we speak.

4 All her homework was done by the time I got home.

5 All the biscuits are not going to be eaten by him

today, are they?

6 Some souvenirs will be bought if he goes on holiday.

7 My work will be finished by tomorrow evening.

8 The house can be tidied while you’re here.

9 More care ought be taken by your student when she

does her homework.

10 That letter must be sent to the bank by tomorrow.

4 1 are being thrown away 2 was given 3 increases 4

was burgled 5 will be installed 6 will be driven 7 had

been stolen 8 will be already replaced 9 can be fixed

10 mustn’t be used 11 should be taken 12 is believed,

has been already found

5 1 are 2 going 3 will 4 won’t 5 is 6 been 7 be 8 have

6 1 came up with 2 don’t have to 3 wasn’t able to use

4 to come round 5 came down with 6 were introduced

into

7 1 came across 2 come round 3 came round 4 came out

5 come up with 6 was coming down with 7 comes into

8 came up against

8 1 B 2 A 3 A 4 D 5 A 6 B 7 C 8 B

UNIT 8

On Holiday! Pages 33-35

1 1 campsite 2 guided tour 3 fly and drive 4 cruise

5 ferry 6 flight

3 1 b 2 e 3 g 4 a 5 h 6 j 7 i 8 c 9 d 10 f

4 1 got up, had, ate 2 had left, arrived 3 was

downloading, crashed 4 read, had thought 5 had been

reading, called 6 listened, was cleaning 7 had finished,

made 8 had been feeling, went

5 1 was sleeping 2 heard 3 got up 4 looked 5 was

making 6 had gone 7 was 8 decided 9 went 10 saw

11 had landed 12 thought 13 was still dreaming

14 had been sleeping 15 decided 16 needed 17 was

running 18 fell 19 hurt 20 could not 21 had injured

22 got 23 walked 24 were smiling 25 had never felt

26 stood 27 were looking 28 said 29 had sprained

30 told 31 needed 32 woke 33 realised 34 had been

lying 35 felt 36 understood 37 had just been

6 1 were sitting 2 had been drinking 3 had been 4 had

been playing 5 were waiting 6 had gone 7 had finished

8 were walking 9 had forgotten

7 1 been 2 was 3 with 4 soon 5 to 6 from 7 off 8 have

UNIT 6

Your Tomorrow Pages 25-27

1 1 voluntary work 2 salary 3 qualifications 4 application

form 5 interview 6 promotion 7 redundant 8 sack

9 skills 10 resign 11 dole 12 unemployment 13 retire

14 pension

2 1 e 2 d 3 i 4 a 5 g 6 k 7 j 8 b 9 c 10 l 11 h 12 f

3 1 e 2 k 3 g 4 d 5 c 6 f 7 j 8 i 9 h 10 b 11 l

12 a

4 1 present continuous 2 going to 3 present simple

4 future perfect 5 will 6 will 7 future perfect continuous

8 will 9 going to 10 future continuous 11 will 12 will

5 1 are you doing 2 I’ll be working 3 I’ll help you 4 will

be 5 will have finished 6 I’m taking 7 I’ll be 8 They’re

having 9 I’ll 10 will tow 11 I won’t forget 12 are you

going to wear 13 I’ll probably 14 we’ll be

6 1 are 2 going 3 will 4 won’t 5 is 6 been 7 be

8 have

7 1 ‘ll have 2 closes, opens 3 will turn on 4 will look

after 5 will have completed 6 ‘m seeing 7 will be flying

8 will have been

8 1 successful 2 passionate 3 harmoniously 4 supportive

5 communication 6 exceptionally 7 negotiation

8 growth

67

Language Maximiser Answer Key 6 1 have been studying zoology 2 likes neither mice nor

spiders 3 haven’t got enough money 4 have never been

on 5 whatever I feed him 6 eating both apples and

bananas

UNIT 10

Fashion and Trends Pages 41-43

1 1 loose-fitting 2 smart-casual 3 above the knee

4 timeless 5 accessories 6 matches 7 breaking all the

rules 8 outrageous

2 1 looked back 2 set up 3 turned my back on football

4 paid off 5 turn.....into 6 started off 7 comes up

3 1 used to 2 I’d 3 didn’t use to 4 used to 5 Did you use

to 6 got used to 7 used to 8 isn’t used to

4 1 Uncle Donny used to break all the rules and he was

always in trouble with the Police. Eventually, he was

put in prison.

2 Where did he use to live as a child?

3 3

4 Nowadays, young people are used to being in debt

after university.

5 Did you use to study Italian at school, when you

were young, Grandma?

6 3

7 During the war, there was no nylon, so women would

pretend they had stockings on by drawing a black

line down the back of their legs.

8 I’ll never get used to that big, black tattoo that Jane

has got on her arm.

9 You’ve been a baker for three years. Are you used to

getting up early now?

10 In the ‘70s, people would/used to wear outrageous

flared trousers and platform shoes.

5 1 used to be 2 would turn 3 used to wear 4 used to make

5 would buy 6 used to be 7 got used to 8 would mark

6 1 b 2 e 3 d 4 a 5 c 6 g 7 h 8 f

7 1 D 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 D 6 A 7 C 8 D

Use of English Buster Part 3 and 4 Pages 44-45

Part 1

17 dangerous 18 beginning 19 designers 20 gradually

21 firstly 22 community 23 production 24 used

2 1 voyage 2 safari 3 journey 4 tour 5 sightseeing

6 excursion 7 trip 8 trekking

3 1 How many 2 Who 3 How much 4 Which 5 Which

6 Where 7 When 8 Which 9 What 10 Where

4 1 Who told 2 Who are you going to invite 3 Where did

you go 4 How much did it cost 5 whose is it 6 How

many, did you visited 7 When are you going 8 which,

would be 9 What happened 10 Why is he, going

5 1 ‘Where are you going on holiday?’

2 ‘Why are you going on holiday in Norway?’

3 ‘Who are you going with?’

4 ‘Where are you going to stay?’

5 ‘What’s the weather like there?’

6 ‘Whom are you flying with?’

7 ‘How long are you going to stay?’

8 ‘How much did your holiday cost?’


7 1 don’t we 2 will you 3 would I 4 didn’t you 5 did I

6 wouldn’t it 7 aren’t you 8 had you 9 is it 10 aren’t

you

8 1 Which 2 What 3 Have 4 go 5 on 6 isn’t 7 have

8 are

Use of English Buster Parts 1 and 2 – Pages 36-38

Part 1

1 C 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 B 6 B 7 A 8 C

Part 2

9 as 10 not 11 be 12 that 13 the 14 the 15 as 16 could

UNIT 9

The Animal World Pages 38-40

1 1 both 2 each 3 none 4 either 5 most 6 neither, nor

2 1 B 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 B 6 A 7 A 8 B 9 C 10 A 11 A

12 C 13 B 14 C

3 1 every 2 either 3 most of 4 several 5 both 6 enough

7 each 8 most of 9 neither 10 both 11 too 12 no

13 none 14 both

4 1 whenever 2 whatever 3 whichever 4 whoever

5 however 6 wherever

5 1 c 2 d 3 f 4 a 5 h 6 i 7 g 8 b 9 j 10 e

68

Language Maximiser Answer Key 7 1 The newspaper that / which I read is called the Times.

2 That’s the reporter that / who is impolite. 3 The cinema where they always go is too hot. 4 She ate the cake which I had baked. 5 My friend, who lives in Nottingham, is very kind. 6 The new product, which was patented last year, was very successful. 7 My brother, who works in advertising, lives with me. 8 She bought the new car which her father had recommended. 9 That’s the house where our friends have been living for 3 years. 10 There’s the woman whose car broke down last week.

8 1 who / that 2 which / that 3 which / that 4 whose 5 which / that 6 which / that 7 where 8 where 9 who 10 who 11 which 12 why 13 when 14 when

9 1 on her own 2 the big mansion where he 3 are not allowed to 4 was hosted by 5 whose chat show is 6 watch the news because of

UNIT 13

Free Time and Entertainment Pages 52-54

1 people choreographer, vocalist, producer, director, playwright, cast, composer, audience

places concert hall, opera house, stalls, stage, orchestra pit, gallery, box, wings, theatre

performances ballet, concert, play, opera, pantomime

2 1 theatre 2 playwrights 3 plays 4 cast 5 director 6 opera 7 opera house 8 boxes 9 wings / gallery 10 wings / gallery 11 stalls 12 stage 13 orchestra pit 14 concert hall 15 composer 16 choreographer 17 ballet 18 pantomime 19 vocalist 20 producer 21 audience 22 concert

3 verb + full infinitive agree want ask decide learn forget hope manage promise

verb + gerund avoid consider dislike mind suggest give up miss discuss

verb + bare infinitive might must would rather had better should may shall can

4 1 to see, to come 2 eating, becoming 3 see, miss 4 to book, phone 5 cooking, cleaning, to find 6 missing, booking 7 prove, smoking 8 to play, play 9 to finish, to do 10 to consider, cancelling 11 having 12 to lock 13 practise 14 drinking

5 1 good at 2 doesn’t approve of 3 I’m not keen on 4 I’m terrible at 5 I’ve forgotten to 6 He accused me of stealing

6 1 b 2 f 3 a 4 i 5 k 6 l 7 c 8 n 9 m 10 e 11 j 12 g 13 d 14 h

7 1 for 2 go 3 by 4 into 5 in 6 to 7 with 8 each

Part 2

25 I had told 26 the first time I have 27 is forbidden

28 would likely go 29 had better go 30 was invented by

Chinese

UNIT 11

Feelings and Personality Pages 46-48

1 1 4 2 6 3 5

2 1 c 2 f 3 i 4 a 5 d 6 h 7 j 8 b 9 g 10 e

3 Student’s own answers

4 1 loyal 2 shy 3 patient 4 sensible 5 calm 6 modest

7 sympathetic 8 flexible 9 considerate 10 generous

11 sociable 12 cheerful 13 talkative 14 confident

15 aggressive 16 conceited

5 1 affectionate 2 cheerful 3 skilful 4 hopeless, hopeful

5 passionate 6 reliable 7 miserable 8 thoughtful,

thoughtless 9 useful, useless 10 enjoyable

6 1 affectionate 2 passionate 3 enjoyable 4 cheerful

5 miserable 6 hopeless 7 skilful 8 reliable

9 thoughtful 10 useful

7 1 closer 2 affectionate 3 cheerful 4 miserable

5 reliable 6 incredibly 7 wealthy 8 optimistic

UNIT 12

The Language of Advertising Pages 49-51

1 1 press coverage 2 weather forecast 3 freedom of

the press 4 breaking news 5 quiz programme 6 the

headlines

2 1 bombard with news 2 up-to-date with the news

3 switch channel 4 soap opera 5 presenter 6 went on

the air 7 headlines 8 freedom of the press

3 1 c 2 d 3 f 4 a 5 g 6 e 7 b

4 1 essential, are not 2 cannot 3 can 4 additional, are

5 cannot, cannot 6 end, omitted

5 1 which / that 2 where 3 who / that 4 whose 5 which

/ that 6 who / that 7 when 8 where 9 why 10 when

6 1 soap operas 2 cinema 3 journalist 4 presenter

5 adverts 6 shopaholics 7 Black Friday 8 studio

9 consumerism 10 on the air

69

Language Maximiser Answer Key 8 1 need / have 2 can 3 need / ought 4 shouldn’t

5 have to 6 might / may 7 should 8 must 9 mustn’t

10 could

9 1 didn’t allow me to 2 we could film 3 look after

4 don’t have to give 5 they were able to 6 can’t have

stolen

UNIT 15

Sleep Tight Pages 58-60

1 1 e 2 f 3 d 4 b 5 c 6 a

2 1 asleep 2 sleepy 3 vivid dreams 4 get to sleep

5 nightmare 6 wildest dreams 7 recurring dream

8 daydream

3 1 must 2 don’t have to 3 Could 4 mustn’t 5 aren’t

allowed 6 doesn’t need to 7 must 8 weren’t allowed

9 may 10 Could

4 1 had 2 didn’t need 3 Could 4 letting 5 wasn’t

allowed 6 couldn’t 7 make 8 can 9 mustn’t 10 gets

11 have to 12 don’t have to 13 get 14 make

5 1 get / have … polished 2 get / have ... redecorated

3 I’ll get / I’ll have … fixed 4 getting / having ... shaved

5 get/ have...fitted 6 got / had … restored 7 get / have

… pierced 8 get / have … cleaned 9 got /had … delivered

10 got … robbed

6 1 could run quicker 2 didn’t let me go 3 get the roof

mended 4 was made to 5 needn’t call 6 aren’t allowed

to smoke

7 1 at 2 fewer 3 to 4 on 5 more 6 for 7 that 8 what

UNIT 16

Make Mine Music Pages 61-63

1 1 trumpets 2 horns 3 percussion 4 harp 5 1st violins

6 clarinets 7 2nd violins 8 flutes 9 trombones 10 tuba

11 bassoons 12 basses 13 cellos 14 violas 15 oboes

2

3 1 j 2 d 3 h 4 k 5 g 6 e 7 i 8 l 9 c 10 f 11 a 12 b

UNIT 14

Education Pages 55-57

Wordsearch

A B I L D F A I L E D E

S O N E A E R N E R R A

C A C A D E M I C N O N

H R R O B S T E T A P E

O D E G R E E M U W O S

L I B I R X C A R R U T

A N D R U P A V E I T O

R G R A D E S E R S O B

S T R E E L A W A T I L

H O P W B R E A T A B O

I N E R O U R L R T E N

P L A Y I N G F I E L D

1 boarding 2 academic 3 degree 4 grades 5 lecturer

6 failed 7 drop out 8 fees 9 scholarship 10 playing

field 11 state 12 expel

2 1 arrive 2 use 3 miss 4 wear 5 change 6 run 7 treat

8 bring 9 carry 10 prepare

3 obligation must, have to

prohibition mustn’t

necessity need to

lack of necessity don’t have to, needn’t

advice should, shouldn’t, ought to, ought not to

4 1 one form 2 without 3 bare

5 1 Can you smoke in here?

2 He must try harder next time.

3 He really should be expelled.

4 Studying must have been difficult in the past.

5 You don’t have to worry, it’s all under control.

6 We ought to tell them we’re going to be late.

6 1 might 2 doesn’t have to 3 be able to 4 ought to

5 must 6 have to 7 shouldn’t 8 can’t 9 should

10 needn’t

7 1 Shall 2 can’t 3 might 4 mustn’t 5 ought 6 needn’t

7 Could 8 had to 9 doesn’t have to 10 should

C E AD B

70

Language Maximiser Answer Key 7 1 She will go to the beach tomorrow, if it is sunny. 2 If

I won the lottery, I’d buy a huge mansion in Beverly Hills.

3 My teacher would be surprised, if I failed the exam.

4 If he doesn’t have enough money, he will need to take

out a loan. 5 Unless you provide proof of your income,

they won’t give you any money. 6 If I lent you some

money, I wouldn’t have enough for myself.

8 1 unless 2 track 3 happy 4 lost 5 investment

6 achieve 7 down 8 keep

UNIT 18

Urban Life Pages 67-69

1 1 flat 2 new-build 3 ladder 4 cul-de-sac 5 plot 6 building

2 1 e 2 d 3 f 4 h 5 c 6 a 7 b 8 g

3 1 l 2 f 3 a 4 i 5 b 6 c 7 e 8 k 9 n 10 d 11 g 12 m 13 j 14 h

4 1 had taken 2 wouldn’t have broken down 3 hadn’t insisted 4 could have used 5 had listened 6 would have bought 7 would have been 8 had called 9 would you have done 10 had charged 11 might have been 12 could have turned into

6 1 If her cough hadn’t got worse, she wouldn’t have gone to the doctor 2 If the bank had given us a mortgage, we could have bought a house 3 If he had studied harder, he would have passed his exams 4 If she had been invited to the party, she would have gone 5 If they hadn’t got lost, they wouldn’t have arrived an hour late. 6 If you hadn’t broken your leg, you could have gone skiing. 7 If she hadn’t lost his phone, he wouldn’t have got angry. 8 If she had trained hard enough, she might / could have won the race.

7 1 If I get good grades, I’ll go to university. 2 If my Grandfather hadn’t been scared of flying, he could have visited the USA. 3 If I won the lottery, I’d buy a Ferrari. 4 If we had had enough money, we would have bought a little house in the South of France. 5 If you mix red and yellow paint you get orange. 6 If the lead singer hadn’t left, they might have become famous. 7 If it’s sunny this weekend, we’ll go to the beach. 8 If Edith didn’t have the grandchildren to look after, she would / could go on holiday when she wanted. 9 If I drink too much alcohol, I feel dizzy. 10 If my grades had been better, I would have gone to university.

8 1 ceaseless 2 noticeably 3 anxiety 4 consideration

5 density 6 permission 7 greenery 8 desirable

4 1 k – bring back sthg 2 j – talk over sthg 3 c – look

forward to sthg 4 i – look after sthg / sb 5 f – turn sthg

down 6 h – put off sthg 7 l – get over sthg 8 g – take

after sb 9 e – call off sthg 10 d – get up 11 b – turn

up 12 a – eat out

5 1 into 2 to 3 of 4 out 5 away 6 away 7 on 8 after

9 off 10 off 11 with 12 of

6 1 I need to get away from him.

2 She really looks up to her father.

3 We have run out of toothpaste.

4 My car broke down on the motorway.

5 I’ll look after the children at the weekend.

6 Anna is going through a very tough time.

7 I’m cutting back on the amount of coffee I drink.

8 She’s put up with his bad behaviour for long enough.

9 Our new blinds don’t let much light through.

10 Tim is having trouble keeping up with the rest of the

class.

7 1 C 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 C 8 A 9 D 10 C

8 1 up 2 to 3 out 4 in 5 up 6 of 7 sure 8 as

UNIT 17

Money, Money Everywhere Pages 64-66

1 1 costly 2 lavish 3 rip-off 4 mean 5 raise 6 spend

2 1 are … able to 2 Can 3 do 4 treat 5 have 6 come

3 1 j 2 c 3 h 4 g 5 i 6 d 7 b 8 a 9 e 10 f

4 1 b 2 e 3 i 4 c 5 a 6 h 7 j 8 d 9 g 10 f

5 1 boils 2 arrives 3 had, would … buy 4 would … do,

won 5 won’t give, will 6 wouldn’t be, hadn’t 7 will

8 would be 9 would … do, rained 10 doesn’t study

harder, will fail

6 1 If she saves enough money, she will afford a luxury car. /

If she saved enough money, she would afford a luxury car.

2 If I am around, I’ll pick you up from the station. / If I were

around, I’d pick you up from the station. 3 If they don’t

take the motorway, they’ll be late. / If they didn’t take the

motorway, they would be late. 4 If you get a promotion,

I’ll buy you a drink. / If you got a promotion, I’d buy you a

drink.

71

Language Maximiser Answer Key 4 1 h 2 f 3 b 4 e 5 g 6 a 7 c 8 d

5 1 warned me 2 suggested watching 3 threatened,

did 4 explained to me 5 wondered why they

hadn’t 6 recommended cooking 7 reminded me to

8 announced that she

6 1 Would you mind telling me where you are going?

2 Even if he asks me to run faster all the time, this is my

maximum speed. 3 Can you come over a minute? Do

you think you could help me with this, please? 4 I was

wondering if you could tell me how he is? 5 I need to

ask you a favour. Could you please tell me / say what that

man’s name is? 6 When I asked June, she suggested going

to the cinema later. 7 They told me that they had eaten at

the restaurant the day before. 8 Joe’s mum threatened to

suspend his pocket money until he tidied his room.

7 1 Andrew warned his brother not to touch his video

games. 2 I asked her what we were having for lunch the

following day. 3 She admitted taking the money to him.

4 She told him to pick up her scarf and bring it to her.

5 He asked them if he could return a pair of shoes. 6 He

asked me what the time was. 7 She told him he had to

take better care of himself. 8 He told her that he would

be on holiday the following week.

8 1 Could you tell me 2 explained to me how to 3 asked

James if he 4 replied that he didn’t 5 she wished I

would 6 was wondering if you 7 Would you mind

telling me 8 suggested that we should go

PRACTICE TESTS

Practice Test 1 Pages 76-97 Paper 1 Reading and Use of English

Part 1

1 B 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 D 6 A 7 D 8 B

Part 2

9 with 10 to 11 most 12 which / that 13 where 14 not

15 than 16 such

Part 3

17 unusual 18 depression 19 traditional 20 employers

21 invitations 22 presence 23 reactions 24 clearly

Part 4

25 apologised for losing my scarf 26 made up my mind

27 needs decorating 28 take a jumper in case 29 if you had

paid (more) 30 did not accept

UNIT 19

Our Natural Environment Pages 70-72

1 1 floods 2 typhoon 3 drought 4 forest fire 5 hurricane

6 volcanic eruption 7 tsunami 8 earthquake

2 1 coastline 2 recycling 3 landscape 4 famine

5 pollution 6 precycling 7 eco-building 8 deforestation

9 solar power 10 toxic waste 11 water contamination

12 global warming

3 1 landscapes 2 precycling 3 volcanic eruption 4 forest

fire 5 flooding 6 water contamination 7 solar powered

8 earthquake 9 drought 10 famine

4 1 f 2 m 3 b 4 n 5 a 6 d 7 l 8 k 9 h 10 i 11 g

12 e 13 j 14 c

5 1 didn’t have to 2 was 3 had 4 didn’t make 5 were

6 live 7 had come 8 drink 9 had been 10 had arrived

11 had filled up 12 hadn’t been

6 1 had stayed at home / hadn’t gone skiing 2 had bought

a bigger one / had more storage space 3 she wasn’t so

negative / would cheer up 4 weren’t so expensive / could

afford it 5 could eat some chocolate / wasn’t on a diet

6 would be quiet / would stop barking

7 1 I’d rather go out than stay at home tonight. 2 I’d

rather you didn’t borrow my favourite jumper. 3 I’d

rather my cat didn’t leave fur all over the house. 4 We’d

rather listen to music than watch TV in the evenings.

5 I’d rather she hadn’t danced like that. 6 I’d rather he

didn’t come at nine-thirty, it’s too early. 7 I’d rather you

didn’t shout so loudly. 8 I’d rather not get married / I’d

rather stay single.

8 1 at 2 only 3 of 4 with 5 had 6 put 7 any 8 rather

UNIT 20

Myths and Legends Pages 73-75

1 1 spell 2 hero 3 goddess 4 fairy tale 5 mythology

6 wish 7 luck 8 legendary 9 mythological 10 ancestry

2 1 c 2 b 3 a 4 b 5 c 6 c 7 a 8 a 9 c 10 c

3 1 said, to 2 told 3 asked, were 4 me, my 5 me, was

6 asked, if, preferred 7 if, was 8 where, should 9 told,

what, was 10 said, had, before 11 told, could, her

12 said, would, following 13 me, had 14 asked, why,

been, previous

72

Language Maximiser Answer KeyPart 3

17 uncomplicated 18 independence 19 especially

20 successful 21 friendships 22 tidiness 23 disagreement

24 behaviour

Part 4

25 if there aren’t (are not) 26 have her make-up done

27 shouldn’t (should not) have spent 28 warned him to be

29 were (also allow was) you I would 30 had already left

Part 5

31 C 32 B 33 D 34 A 35 C 36 B

Part 6

37 E 38 A 39 C 40 D 41 B 42 G

Part 7

43 B 44 D 45 A 46 / 47 B / C 48 A 49 / 50 A / B 51 D

52 C

Paper 2 Writing Part 1

Student’s own answer

Part 2


Paper 3 Listening Part 1

1 C 2 A 3 A 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 B 8 C

Part 2

9 co-founder 10 1,200 11 the authenticity 12 25 pounds

13 9.30 a.m. 14 Art Newspaper 15 women painters 16

trade and export 17 major publications 18 unresolved status

Part 3

19 E 20 C 21 B 22 F 23 D

Part 4

24 A 25 B 26 C 27 C 28 A 29 A 30 A

Part 5

31 B 32 D 33 B 34 A 35 C 36 D

Part 6

37 C 38 B 39 D 40 F 41 E 42 G

Part 7

43 B 44 D 45 A 46 B 47 C 48 / 49 A / C 50 B 51 D 52 A

Paper 2 Writing Part 1


Part 2


Paper 3 Listening Part 1

1 A 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 A

Part 2

9 the first floor 10 the Arrivals Hall 11 exceed 100 ml

12 require any assistance 13 g25 per person 14 Car park

atrium 15 photographic identification 16 Full English

breakfast 17 10 km north 18 over 21 million

Part 3

19 D 20 C 21 A 22 B 23 E

Part 4

24 B 25 C 26 A 27 A 28 B 29 A 30 C

Practice Test 2 Page 98-119 Paper 1 Reading and Use of English

Part 1

1 B 2 B 3 A 4 D 5 A 6 D 7 C 8 B

Part 2

9 in 10 on 11 with 12 part 13 to 14 a 15 was 16 about

73

Language Maximiser Audio Transcriptsthe train station and we didn’t get there until half past two and

I’d missed it. The next one wasn’t until 5. Can you believe it?

I’ve a good mind to write a letter of complaint to the company

and tell them how angry I am; it’s not as if the tickets are cheap

either. You know how much I wanted to meet you, how can I

make it up to you? What? Yes, I know… of course I had it with

me… just that I forgot to charge it last night and it ran out of

batteries, so I couldn’t call you. Hello? Hello?

4 you hear somebody talking in a shop. What kind of shop

is it?

A a health food shop

B a greengrocer’s

C a chemist’s

It’s because I have these allergies. I’ve tried everything. Creams,

pills… you name it. The doctor told me he wasn’t sure what

was causing it, he even suggested it was all in my head. But

surely I’m not imagining the rashes I get when I eat them. It

just started a couple of years ago, I used to eat plenty of them

with no problem. I suppose it must be something to do with

the fertilizers and pesticides they use these days. So, no, those

look nice and I’m sure they’re fine but I don’t want to risk it,

I’ll have the organic ones instead. A kilo should be enough.

5 you hear a man talking about his sister. What is his sis-

ter’s biggest fault?

A She talks too much.

B She’s too serious.

C She gets easily annoyed.

Seriously, there are times when I think I just can’t take any

more. I love her to bits of course, but at times, well, you can

imagine, I just have to take a deep breath and count to 20 or

I’ll just explode or end up walking out. She’s always been the

same, ever since we were little kids. You just can’t get a word

in edgeways. She’d kill me if she knew, but sometimes when

she calls I just put the phone on the table, go away and make

a cup of coffee and when I come back she’s still going on and

on and none the wiser.

6 you hear 2 people talking. What is their relationship?

A They’re related.

B They go to college together.

C They go to the same gym.

F John! I haven’t seen you for ages. How are you?

m Sara! Hi! You look great. I suppose you must still be taking

those classes.

Practice Test 1

Track 1 p. 88

Now open your question paper and look at Part 1. You’ll hear

people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8,

choose the best answer, A, B or C.

1 you hear someone talking about something he saw on

television. What did he see?

A a magic trick

B a drama

C a sporting event

It was one of those ‘must-see’ moments. Everybody I knew

watched it, and everybody at work the next day was talking

about it. It was just like that soap opera years ago when the

guy got shot and all you could hear the next day was people

discussing who shot him. There were even T-shirts printed

‘Who shot BJ?’ they said. Or like that world cup final where

the England player used his hand to score a goal and the

referee said the goal was valid. I’m sure there must be

something to explain how she did it though, you can’t just

make Buckingham Palace disappear into thin air. But it was

really dramatic to say the least.

2 you hear a woman complaining about something. What

is she complaining about?

A types of mobile phones

B teenagers

C the public transport system.

I just don’t see the point of them. You get on the tube and

some adolescents its next to you and all you hear is this tinny

repetitive beat. Why can’t they just put headphones on? Why

do they imagine that the rest of us want to hear their music?

It’s not as if I’ve ever heard anybody using them to play decent

music. I used to think their ringtones were annoying, but it’s

nothing compared to these. It really ruins my journey to work

sometimes. Not that it was ever really a pleasure.

3 you hear somebody talking on the phone. What is the

purpose of their phone call?

A to complain

B to arrange to meet someone

C to apologise

I know exactly how you must feel. But just let me explain… I

know, I know… I got the two thirty train and I was supposed to

get the connecting train at two fifteen, but there was a delay at

74

Language Maximiser Audio Transcriptson the first floor of the terminal building. Air UK operates

its UK, London and German flights from check-in Area 14,

which is located on a level beneath the Arrivals Hall.

To save time, have your tickets and passport ready, and

ensure your hand luggage contains only the items you may

need during your journey. Ensure that carry-on luggage

does not contain any liquids, gels or pastes that exceed 100

ml. You can also use the self-service check-in desks. Self-

service check-in is available to passengers departing from

the Airport travelling with certain airlines. A number of

scheduled airlines offer self service check-in and Internet

check-in technologies in order to facilitate their passengers

with early check-in, seat selection and issue of boarding

passes. Please select from the airline links below to see if

this service applies to your destination. Airline staff are on

hand should you require any assistance. Sit back and relax

in the Eric Morecambe Departure lounge. Enjoy the comfort

and relaxing atmosphere of the Eric Morecambe Lounge for

up to three hours – for only €25 per person. We offer an

excellent service to all passengers regardless of airline or

class of ticket. And there’s a 20% discount for the over 60s

who can take advantage of our facilities for only 20 euros

per person. Facilities include: complementary refreshments;

newspapers and magazines; free Wi-Fi access throughout

the lounge and notification of delays and flight times. A left

luggage facility is available in the Car Park Atrium, directly

across the road from the Terminal, for short and long term

storage of luggage. The facility is open from 6 a.m. to 11

p.m. daily and rates vary depending on the size of baggage.

A car key holding facility exists for passengers, at a charge,

with Greencaps, in the Car Park Atrium. The keys must be

collected by the person nominated to do so. This person

must have photographic identification when collecting

the keys. Those leaving keys must also provide a reference

of where their car is parked. Blackpool airport boasts a

variety of cafés and restaurants, such as the Cosy Café

located on the mezzanine floor. Relax in this modern light

filled restaurant and choose from a wonderful selection of

modern Irish classics such as Pan fried Chicken with creamy

smoked bacon and Leek sauce, freshly cooked pasta dishes,

or Pan Asian delights such as Thaistyle prawns. Full English

breakfast is served from 4 a.m. The airport isconveniently

located approximately 10 km north of Blackpool city centre.

It is served by a large number of buses, coaches and taxis all

allowing you to get to and from the airport with ease. Over

21 million passengers travelled through Blackpool Airport

last year.

That’s the end of Part 2. Now turn to Part 3.

F I sure am! I’ve lost 5 kilos since I last saw you. Anna’s a

real dictator in her classes; she really makes you work and

sweat. But I have plenty of time these days since I finished

at university. What about you? How come I haven’t seen you

there for so long?

m Well, time is the big problem really. I’ve got so much work

to do, I ended up finishing so late and then taking work home

with me. There just don’t seem to be enough hours in the day.

But I do seem to be putting on a bit of weight, so maybe I’ll

try to get down there at least once next week.

7 you hear a man talking to his partner on the phone.

When is he going to leave work?

A 8.30

B 8

C 9.30

I know I said I’d be home by 8 but it just can’t be done. I’ve

got a huge stack of work on my desk and I promised my boss

I’d have it done by Wednesday. I’m going to have to come

in early before he gets here at eight thirty tomorrow and

get some more of it done. Look, it’s half past eight now, I’ll

just put in another hour and then I’ll finish, OK? Do we need

anything from the shops on my way home?

8 What is the speaker describing?

A a documentary

B a visit to a national park

C a friend’s holiday

It’s quite breathtaking really. You could almost be there. It’s

such a beautiful park, the valley looks gorgeous. You can

see why it attracts so many visitors. Only last week John was

asking me if I fancied going camping with him there for a long

weekend. But that’s why they made it really, to highlight how

so many visitors going there every year is eroding a lot of the

natural vegetation that the wildlife there rely on for food and

shelter. Really did make me think. And the music they used is

great, really complimented the images. You should see it.


Track 2 p. 89

you’ll hear an information announcement about facilities

offered at Blackpool Airport. For questions 9-18, complete

the sentences.

Checking in at Blackpool airport couldn’t be easier. The

majority of check-in desks at Blackpool Airport are located

75

Language Maximiser Audio Transcriptsfew deep breaths and when the time came I went onto the

stage. I’d like to say I delivered a breathtaking performance

but the truth is I was terrible. It did get better after that first

performance though, thankfully.

Speaker 4

I wasn’t supposed to be appearing that day. I was the

understudy to Jake Collins, the Hollywood film star. He was

in London to perform in this play and the publicity it got

was astonishing, you couldn’t turn on the television or open

a newspaper without seeing his picture or an article about

the play. So a lot of excitement had been created in the city.

I imagine a lot of the audience had bought tickets simply to

see a Hollywood star up close. They must have been rather

disappointed when it was announced that he wouldn’t

be performing due to food poisoning. But for me it was a

wonderful opportunity, and you can’t imagine how great

standing in for such a famous actor made me feel. Especially

as when the play finished nobody I saw leaving the theatre

looked in the least bit disappointed.

Speaker 5

It was a nightmare from the beginning to the end. I couldn’t

focus, I had trouble remembering my lines, I could barely

move. Honestly, I was shattered. I had given up my job as a

teacher just 9 months before to pursue my dream of being

a professional actor, and as luck would have it my wife

announced that she was pregnant just a week later. I’ll have

to make a decent job of this I thought, I’ve now got more

responsibility than I’ve ever had. We were both so happy when

I got this part, it was quite a prestigious production and it

looked like I might have a future. Of course, fate had other

ideas. My wife went into the hospital the day before the first

performance. I was up for 30 hours straight that day, pacing

up and down the corridors. She gave birth to our daughter,

Chloe, just 2 hours before curtains up. I literally had to run all

the way from the hospital to the theatre. Luckily everybody

understood and I actually received an award for that role.


Track 4 p. 91

you will hear an interview with the creator of a web-based

music service. For questions 24-30, choose the best answer

A, B or C.

F Go on, give us a quick look into your music collection. Who

are you listening to right now?

m There are some fantastic artists coming through, such as We

Track 3 p. 90

you will hear five different actors talking about their

first stage performance. For questions 19-23 choose

from the list A-F to say what each person felt during the

performance. Use the letters only once. There is one extra

letter which you do not need to use.

Speaker 1

I thought I’d be a lot more anxious than I was. I couldn’t sleep

for a few days before it. I kept going over the worst possible

scenarios in my head. Everything from forgetting my lines, to

throwing up all over the stage… I even imagined a fire in the

theatre. I suppose it’s only natural really. I mean it’s your very

first time in front of an audience, how are you expected to

feel? There were hundreds of people there! But at the end of

the day, you’ve done your preparation. You’ve spent months

with the play, living the part… so when I stepped out on

the stage I was surprised at myself. I didn’t even notice the

audience; I just went out and played my part as though it was

the most natural thing in the world. And that’s how it felt, it

wasn’t me up there on stage, I was the character and every

line was my own.

Speaker 2

I couldn’t wait to get out there. Seriously. We’d rehearsed it

so often I was eager to show people what we’d done, what a

classic play it was. The play was set during the First World War

and was about a group of soldiers all from the same village.

who all get killed on the same day. We’d read so many letters,

plays and books from the men who were actually there and

what we noticed was that in the early days of the war, how so

many men were so keen to go out and fight, even if it meant

certain death. At the time I remember thinking they were

crazy… but it’s strange, the more we practiced on our own in

an empty theatre… the more we just wanted to go out and do

the real thing in front of a real audience… even if it proved to

be a total disaster. Which it wasn’t, I’m pleased to say. We got

very good reviews in the following week’s local paper.

Speaker 3

It was maybe the most frightening moment of my life. I was

waiting in the wings, I knew my cue was coming up any

minute. My mind went blank. I started hyperventilating. My

stomach was in knots. I started to sweat. I nearly ran away

there and then. I just wanted to hide and wished I’d never

put myself in this position. I couldn’t though, I couldn’t let

all those people down. The people who’d bought tickets but

more importantly all my fellow actors and the director… we’d

all worked so very hard to make this production. So I took a

76

Language Maximiser Audio Transcripts

Practice Test 2

Track 5 p. 110

Now open your question paper and look at Part 1. you’ll

hear people talking in eight different situations. For

questions 1–8, choose the best answer A, B or C.

1 you hear a man talking about a sport. Why did he stop

playing the sport?

A Because of injury.

B He no longer enjoyed it.

C He doesn’t have enough time.

Well, I’ve got to say, much as I liked taking part, it got a

bit too much in the end. What with training twice a week

and then the match on Sunday... and I’m not getting any

younger. I found I needed Monday and Tuesday just to

recover from all the aches and pains. And I’ve got so much

on my plate at the moment... I’ve found that since I stopped

it has really freed up my week and I can see a lot more of the

family than I did.

2 you hear a woman talking about a recent purchase.

Where did she buy it?

A in a shop

B on the Internet

C at a local market

I just browsed their catalogue on their website, made a note of

the model number and drove into their out-of-town place to

pay for it and pick it up. I must say they’re certainly doing good

business... queues like you wouldn’t believe. You can see why the

local furniture market is suffering; the whole town must have

been in there buying things for the house or garden.

3 you hear somebody talking about a new school. What

does the person think about it?

A It is needed.

B It isn’t needed.

C It’s too far away.

About time too, we’ve been crying out for this for years. Kids

have had to travel into Nottcaster. It took my nephew close

to an hour to get in there by bus and after his various sports

teams he wasn’t getting home until nearly nine o’clock. Finally

it looks like they’re doing something for this community

instead of spending money on things there’s no real need for.

I mean, that procession last year… what was that for? A waste

of money if you ask me.

are Scientists, Vampire Weekend, Bats for Lashes, Fleet Foxes

and The Black Keys. Leonard Cohen’s latest is awesome and I’ve

just started listening to Little Feat’s new album, which just hit

MusicFlow today.

F MusicFlow was yours and Marta Pirez’s brainchild, did it

come about quickly from a chat you both had or was the idea

a long process development?

m It’s something we’d been thinking about for a while. One

thing that became obvious to us about person-to-person file

sharing was the fact that people consumed more music than

ever from a bigger diversity of artists. The influences in terms

of what they were listening to were coming more from friends

than from radio stations. They were consuming music like

crazy but weren’t necessarily paying for that music.

The underlying demand for music was bigger than ever.

The reason we set up MusicFlow was to cater for that demand

but to also, at the same time, create a functioning revenue

stream.

F What has been MusicFlow’s biggest challenge since

start-up?

m Well obviously signing the various record deals was a huge

step for us. We want to be the alternative to music piracy

and to have the support of the record labels, both the majors

and independents, to allow us to realise that aim. Since then,

probably dealing with the surge in users has been one of our

biggest challenges, as well as adding on average 10,000 tracks

a day to the MusicFlow catalogue. Putting all the world’s

music in one place is a big job.

F Who do you see as your biggest competition?

m Depending on who you speak to, we will be compared to

different services. In the UK, we get compared to First.fm; in

France a lot of people compare us to Geezer, while in the US

a lot of people see us as similar to Phapster. I honestly believe

that we don’t have a main competitor on that level as no one

is currently offering what we are offering in terms of an ad-

supported model and a subscription model as one.

F What have you got planned for next year?

m Lots of stuff. We’ve got some unbelievably cool exclusive

content available for our users coming up over the next

few months, plus we’re also going to provide our MusicFlow

Premium subscribers with some special extra services.

That’s the end of part 4.

77

Language Maximiser Audio Transcriptsfit into the car. The thing with these flat pack things... there’s

just so many bits and pieces. When I got home and started

looking at the instructions... well... I didn’t know which was

up and which was down. Finally I got it all together and it fits

quite well next to the sofa. Hopefully it will stay upright for a

while, although I can’t be certain it will.

8 you hear somebody talking about their plans for the

weekend. What are they going to see?

A a concert

B a film

C a football match

Well, when I saw the adverts for tickets, I jumped at the

chance. It’s years since they’ve played here. I suppose it’s all

down to their new manager, he’s really got them playing well.

What an atmosphere it will be... the lights, the singing, the

drama of it all... I can’t wait. It’s great that this town can stage

an event like this. And they’ve got a really good chance of

going all the way and winning the cup this year.


Track 6 p. 111

you’ll hear a talk about an arts festival. For questions 9-18,

complete the sentences.

Brian Daniels, co-founder of The Wentworth Art Fair, has

announced that a controversial collection of Phillipa West will

be the subject of this year’s Wentworth Art Festival Symposium.

The two-day event will bring together an international panel

of experts to view the Marta Costello Collection made up

of approximately 1,200 drawings, journals, letters, paintings

and other items whose owners maintain are made by Phillipa

West. Some experts on the artist’s work have questioned

the authenticity of the collection. The panel will present an

overview of the methods and challenges of authenticating

newly revealed art works. Of particular interest, in conjunction

with the Wentworth Art Fair symposium, a group of the

disputed objects will be on view for the first time in the United

Kingdom. The symposium will take place Saturday, February

6 and Sunday, February 7, from 10.00 a.m. to 12.00 noon at

the Cheeseman Gallery at Dame Doris Brown High School for

the Performing and Visual Arts, 13 Church Street. Admission is

included in the purchase of an art fair ticket. Daily tickets are

10 pounds and a three-day pass is 25 pounds. Doors will open

at 9.30 a.m., seating is limited and is on a first come, first served

basis. Visit www.wentworthartfestival.com for further details.

Approximately 20 objects from the Marta Costello Collection,

4 you a hear woman talking about her job. What is she

worried about?

A She doesn’t have the necessary skills.

B She has too much work to do.

C She might lose her job.

Well, there have been rumours flying around for months.

You just hope that it’s not going to be you. I know it sounds

selfish but our department is one of the most productive in

the whole company; we don’t get a moment’s peace. But...

it turns out that the whole company is suffering and there’ll

be large scale redundancies. Hopefully if they let me go I can

find something similar; I’m too old now to retrain and do

something completely different.

5 you hear an advertisement for a holiday. What kind of

holiday is being advertised?

A a cruise

B a safari

C an activity holiday

How would you like to sleep on the banks of majestic Lake

Victoria, listening to the gentle lapping of the lake on the shore,

and the wildlife of the nearby National Reserve Park? Just what

you need after an actionpacked day of canoeing, rock climbing

or scuba diving. Lake Victoria Hotel offers 2 weeks in its luxury

compound, where you can do as much or as little as your heart

desires. See our website for further details.

6 you hear somebody discussing a radio programme. What

kind of programme was it?

A a political debate

B a quiz programme

C a comedy

It’s a joke really, they were putting so many questions to him

and he didn’t have a clue. I really don’t think he stands a

chance of winning the next election if he carries on like this.

I had to laugh when they asked him about his foreign policy...

his answer just seemed to make no sense at all. He came over

as a bit of a clown.

7 you hear somebody talking about a piece of furniture.

how does he feel about it?

A It’s too big.

B It was difficult to assemble.

C It was too expensive.

Well, I thought that at that price you can’t go wrong. But I

started to regret it once I saw the size of the box, it only just

78

Language Maximiser Audio Transcriptsreally understood the appeal before... but the thing is, they’ve

put ordinary people in an unreal situation and you can’t help

but wonder how you’d react in the same situation. It’s quite

compulsive, it really is.

Speaker 2

Don’t get me started on that... I can’t tell you the amount of

arguments I’ve had with my flatmates about it. They have it

on for hours every day. Day in day out. I think it’s ludicrous.

What on earth people find so fascinating about it, I’ll never

know. They just spend hours sitting around chattering about

the most trivial things. And the people they get to go on

it... I wouldn’t want to have to spend half an hour sitting

next to them on the bus, let alone choose to watch them

on television. They just want to be famous without actually

having any sort of talent. No, why it’s become so popular is

beyond me.

Speaker 3

These days I can’t say I watch it. I used to when it first started.

Then it seemed to have some sort of intellectual facade...

like it was a social experiment. They’d have a psychologist

analysing each of the housemates’ behaviour and I found

that really interesting. What’s more I’d notice some of that

behaviour in my everyday life and I’d be able to relate what

I’d learnt... I’ve always been fascinated in body language and

things like that. But the last few series they seem to have just

forgotten about that side of things and it’s just entertainment,

a circus act for people desperate for their 15 minutes of fame.

Speaker 4

The first couple of series, I never missed an episode but I must

say that my interest has faded a bit. I have it on every now

and again but I can’t say I could even tell you all the names of

the contestants. Though there’s one guy called Tony of course.

I remember him because he looks like my boyfriend’s brother

and they even have the same name. He’s rather embarrassed

about it actually... people keep coming up to him and asking

him if he’s Tony... and what can he say? He is Tony. We were all

at the cinema with him last week when somebody asked him

for his autograph... I thought he’d just explode!

Speaker 5

I couldn’t tell you a thing about it I’m afraid. I know it’s

tremendously popular and I’m always hearing people at work

or on the train talking about the people who are on it... and

the way they talk about them... you’d think they were friends

or neighbours. I’ve got nothing against it really, and there

must be something to it if so many people are addicted to it...

including paintings, drawings, journal pages and other items,

will be exhibited, and for the first time will provide experts

the opportunity to examine the controversial material. The

Wentworth Art Fair Symposium panels will bring together the

owners of the Costello material, experts they have enlisted

to examine the material, the publisher of a recently released

book on the collection, plus scholars and art dealers who have

followed the controversy since it began. The moderator will be

Michael Edward Hall, art historian, critic and correspondent

for Art Newspaper. Moderator and journalist Michael Edward

Hall says, ‘The discussion will range from the specific – a

description of the Costello archive – to general questions about

how newly discovered artworks are received and evaluated by

the scholarly community and the market.’ Welsh artist Phillipa

West is among the most popular and beloved women painters

of the 20th century. Her paintings, which can command large

sums, describe a life full of joy and love for her husband, the

painter Donald Rivers. Today she is an icon, and even scraps of

paper associated with her are valued not only financially but

also as relics of a legendary historical figure. Her reputation

is such that the Welsh Arts Council has designated her work

‘National Patrimony’ and restricted its trade and export. Little

wonder that the Costello collection of Phillipa West material

has come under such intense scrutiny. Even before the works

became widely known with the April release of the illustrated

book Finding Phillipa West the collection became the focus

of numerous articles in major publications in Europe. Some

reports celebrated the discovery of new material related to

West while others questioned the authenticity of the objects

and challenged their publication. The Wentworth Art Fair

Symposium will look into the issues surrounding the collection

and its still unresolved status.


Track 7 p. 112

you will hear five different people talking about a television

programme. For questions 19-23 choose from the list A-F

what each person says about it. Use the letters only once.

There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.

Speaker 1

It’s a bit of a guilty pleasure really. It’s not the sort of thing

I would normally have any interest in. I just happened to

be browsing through one of the tabloids when I was at the

dentist’s and I noticed that one of the people in it went to

my old school. Not that I knew her of course, I must be at

least ten years older than her. But that evening I switched

it on and I’ve been hooked ever since. I don’t think I’d ever

79

Language Maximiser Audio Transcriptsyour flatmates, communal space is important. Just think about

it. Living in a flat with no meeting place other than a small

kitchen, say, will mean that you’ll never get friendlier than

just saying hello politely and exchanging a few words. It’s a

bit sad when everyone goes back to their own room. So when

you’re choosing somewhere to live, think about whether or

not you want to be sociable. Your own space is important too.

In the beginning, if you’re finding it tough to live with other

people, your own space is a haven. It’s somewhere where you

can relax. In your own room, you can calm down if you’re

feeling rather ‘frazzled’, which will make you better company

for when you meet up with your flatmates. It also means that

you’re not always getting under each other’s feet.

m And what kind of people is it best to live with?

F Once you’ve made friends and have been living with them

for a while, you’ll come to realise that group dynamics are

important. There are two options as regards living

arrangements: you can live with friends or you can live with

strangers. Some people couldn’t share a place with someone

they don’t know. For one thing, you can be more

accommodating to people you already know and like. For

another, you might not know how much you can trust them.

However, moving in with friends comes with a warning. What

if you fall out over the washing up? Realising that you could

easily destroy a great friendship as housemates, and preparing

for that, is one step towards harmony. But you might not want

to risk the cost of a friendship and you could decide that

living with strangers is the best thing to do. After all, it could

be fun, you never know who you might meet. It’s just as well

to meet up with your new flatmates before you sign anything

though. Think about going out with them for the evening. Or

at least chat to them while you’re looking around the place.

Sometimes fate throws you together with people and you get

on famously. However, it can be a shock when you have to live

with people who you have nothing in common with or who do

things that you consider to be anti-social or odd. If you have a

choice, try to choose people to live with whose behaviour you

think you can bear. If you don’t like people playing heavy rock

or acid house music all day and night, don’t live with them. If

you think it’s fine to leave dirty socks out in the sitting room,

then make sure that you choose people who are similarly

untidy. Being considerate is one of the fundamentals to living

with other people, but it helps if you have a similar outlook

and attitude to life. It’s no good if just one of you likes

partying all night. Much better that you all do. If you’re all

into hiking or cycling, you’ll understand better that equipment

left all over the hall is a fact of life.

That’s is the end of part 4.

it’s just that I’ve been going to pilates classes three times a

week and by the time I get home it’s nearly over... and besides,

my favourite detective show... McCallister is just about to start

on the other side, so I sit down and watch that, I never miss it.

It’s great!


Track 8 p. 113

you will hear an interview with a psychologist about sharing

houses. For questions 24-30, choose the best answer A, B or C.

m Moving away from home is a big step and one most of us

make when we go off to college or university. The chances are

you’ll find yourself sharing a house or a flat. We’ve invited Dr.

Victoria Millington into the studio to discuss problems with

sharing accommodation and strategies for anticipating and

dealing with them.

F Sharing a house or a flat can be daunting, but it can be fun,

too. One of the most rewarding things about living in a shared

household is the social side. There’s always someone to talk to;

you never have to be alone unless you wish to be. Among the

best time you’ll have living with others is when you share with

friends. Also, it’s very handy to share if you want to move out

of home, but can’t afford your own flat. And as long as the

basic rules and routines are clear, it’s much more interesting

than living on your own.

m What’s the most common problem people face when sharing?

F One of the most contentious areas when living in a shared

household has got to be cleanliness, or lack thereof. Some

people are, frankly, lazy. At the other end of the scale, some

flatmates hover over you while you’re eating your dinner

and when you pause at the end of your meal, they demand

you wash up your plate immediately. There are several

approaches to this problem and you and your flatmates will

have to decide which is the best approach for you. Maybe the

best and most obvious idea is to make a rota. Some people

find this restrictive, but it’s a fair system and if you work

it out well beforehand, it can really pay off. It’s up to you

how you arrange it: you could make sure each person takes

responsibility for one room or alternate all the jobs that need

to be done. However, it is essential that everyone sticks to the

plan, otherwise half of you will feel resentful and the others

will feel guilty. Sometimes it can be difficult to keep up with

the rota due to changing circumstances, so factor in some

flexibility – think about taking turns for having a week off, for

example.

m What are other common problems?

F Space is another serious matter. In order to get on well with

First Buster Language Maximiser

Editorial project and coordination: Simona FranzoniEditor: Simona BagalàArt director: Marco Mercatali Picture editor: Airone Comunicazione - Giorgia D’AngeloProduction manager: Francesco CapitanoPage design: Airone ComunicazionePage design: Antonio LeporeCover graphic design: Paola Lorenzetti

© 2016 ELI S.r.l.P.O. Box 662019 RecanatiItalyTel. +39 071 750701Fax. +39 071 [email protected]

Karen Dyer and Dave Harwood are the authors of the two Practice Tests.

Photo acknowledgement:Eli Archives, Shutterstock

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ELI.

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