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Transcript of s3.amazonaws.com · 8 ‘w˛ rh P "#ˆ˙ ˝˛ E ˜˛iˆ>˛ @8.˛E-˝ 567˝˛ ˛z_ r˙T6 ˆ˙E q K J...

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ــــــــن ــــــــة ع ــــــــة العربي ــــــــي باللغ ــــــــاب إلكرتون أول كتتيبرييــــــــــــــــوس اإلمرباطـــــــــــــــور الرومـــــــــــــــاني

تيبرييوس ثاني األباطرة الرومانم٣٧–م.ق٤٢

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لبنان- العربي اإللكرتونيشركة الكتابwww.arabicebook.com

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كــان تيبرييوس بالتزامـه احلكمـة والرتوي واالعتـدال"يف اخلطأ مثال طيبا للحاكم الذي يستطيع جتنب الوقوع "

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املبحث األول أفضل صبية روما

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� Lewis. N., Life in Egypt Under The Roman Rule, Oxford 1983. � Milne, J.G, The Ruin of Egypt By Roman Mismanagement, J.R.S.X VII,

1927. � J. Grafton Milne, M.A., A History of Egypt Under Roman Rule, Second

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ثاني املبحث الطني معجون بالدماء

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א�Q7wא�<� y�F���9��z�_y��،t����u������tא�iP8d�6#|#�9�s#�gא���8±א��Q7wא"�E!אא��Tא�L9c6Hb�-< y��."(21)���Eא�"�،tI�}#J�HK������T����9."r��R-�uJ�HK

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باملبحث الثاني مراجع خاصة

� Sears, Edmund Hamilton The son of the prefect : a story of the reign of Tiberius, R.G. Badger, Boston 1914.

� Tarver, John Charles, Tiberius the tyrant, Westminster : A. Constable, 1902. � G. P. Baker, Tiberius Caesar, Dodd-Mead & Company MCMXXIX, New

York 1982. � Gregorio Maranon, Tiberius A Study In Resentment, This translation from

the original Spanish, Tiberio: Historia de un resentimiento (Espasa-Calpe, Madrid), was made by Warre Bradley Wells, First published, HOIXIS & CARTER,London1956.

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املبحث الثالث اجلرمية األوىل لإلمرباطور

)وفاة أوجستس(

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א<t��¤�;t/pE���؛W�`KE��אi�[6IU��Augustus��s�u����א����Gא�H����JHKJ_���T����U���#�I���by��¤�o�6�������UJulia)١٤–).&٣٩((8�H�E��E���אi�>א8�T א|�#�9�

����U�Agrippa(27)E���אi�>א8�pEy��8³o�א�z_y�5�s�"7��[6I�U��Augustusro�<#א،

)٢٤(��_�`�א،r� �p��} -/0 �א�{،��I�Gא8� �<�8אK�.�G١٩٥٩אA ،٥٦٧ .)٢٥(��#�#� :�Zא��E�BH ���bhIp��-U����u،"7����EY!א����אy�"R�M�אº��M�אJHK:`�.)٢٦(��7����א��#�G�x8}H6 4h��Y��R�������k��-`�.��#�:

Classical Dictionary, P.508. )٢٧(��7Gא[}#،8� �<�8אK�.�Gא.

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(37) Helichelhiem &Yeo , Roman People,P.310.

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W. F. MASOM, B.A. LOND and A. H. ALLCROFT, B.A. OXON, A SYNOPSIS OF ROMAN HISTORY (B.C. 31 A.D. 37): FROM THE BATTLE OF ACTIUM TO THE DEATH OF TIBERIUS, W. B,_CLIVE& CO., LONDON 1890.

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بأول األباطرة الرومان مراجع خاصةم١٤–م.ق٢٧)أوغسطس ( أوجستس

���_�`�oU^א�،א،������אX�E��،"�C­# Q�_١٩٧٨} �א .��א!،[U�U�o�E8���،8�#�����8א�E��אi�>א،�E��o�E�M���_�`�א،5�69¨١٩٦١.�،X�M����א]I���u8���l-`�אE�a���wא4אX�E�����xEYא.����4)8،):٢����<��mא8���b�<GאEאY،���������א

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١٩٧٩A ،١٢٦–٢٢٨.�E.�_.،�E� 8����،�������א���א-��K¦���/H`�א�s�.8�<Uא��؛¦�I��א;&��_�`�8��C�،אa�s#EאY،

١٩٦٨A ،٧٨.�Q�-`�אX�E�6�אx��0�א4،"HK"9;:��#����–א�_�`�א،8e�-wא8K����אEאY،������١٩٣٧א.�"#�����אX�E�6�א،"HK-��¨��H�א-�K:b�69�k{U�א���9���i��y��E�e�א�CK،[�I�p���#���

��_�`�א،8� �<�8אasT�אEאY١٩٨٨.�4�� ،������אX�E��،J��5�_��א-�K"}��١٩٨٠.��_.¤.8��67�،��¥���c��-�/08�<Uא��،-����U���b��o��o<�א-��K8���،��<�אX�E��oU��،oH��

��_�`�א،8��CGא8asT�١٩٥٨אA ،١١٦A ،١٥٢.

�Dana Carleton Munro, A Source Book Of Roman History, D. C. Heath & Co., Publishers, University of Wisconsin 1904.

�Batiffol: Pierre, History of the Roman breviary , Translated by Atwell M. Y. Baylay , M.A., LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO, London 1898.

�Henderson, Bernard W., The study of Roman history, DUCKWORTH & CO., London 1921.

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املبحث الرابعال غزو وال توسع بعد اليوم

)تويل العرش(

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�s�bQ7���"�� ،8��HR!א:���=�`����9�����e�9א�،��e9�n�Y��K�aKt#c9QH76��t�b[H³�،<6�R�אEא4JHK[H´א�bא�א!��)}Wאy������»6���sU� -א_���אt6�pE:��E�.(45)

)٤٣(A ،tI}#٨٤�)٤٤(A ، 8�#�����8א�E��אi�>א،�o6b�6.E١٢٤.)٤٥(A ،� �I�א:U�GאE��Y٣٣٣٦א#|،.

���TI�א:�tH��<�x8/7u�e9���7����������JHK�³��9�#t؛�<��א¦��)D��M��א[H¹(tI�}T�²}6���bא��L9�MG� I}T r�Hwא��:a��8�4�M�R�TGא^�T$�QsT� �Y�U�¨R�Gא�H�6�J6u[Hd/H��-`<GאE��!א�=��،t.

:UאE:White – Kennedy, Roman history’s life & literature, London 1942, P.124.

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)٤٦(A ،��_��אE��אi�>א،��.��٨٦.t��6}�H�[�I��p�E���6PאLa��} ��؛:�Rא������R��4א-��< 8�OY�_E����!א�>t،א.��4�/6Q�7wאt69E�M����t�����L

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���TI�Senate����Eאt�8}�HPE��6Pא�Q��<�אLuא��אQ��76�Y�`<#nאk{.:UאE:A ،8�#�����8א�E��אi�>א،���T�א-�.١٢٩ .

)٤٧(:UאE����Gא_zאr�uL��}6�אy�-�oG:Russell, John Earl, Essays on the rise and progress of the Christian religion in the west of Europe : from the reign of Tiberius to the end of the Council of Trent, Longmans, Green, London 1873.

)٤٨(A ،8�#�����8א�E��אi�>א،r�/9J}�C٤٥−�٤٤.(49) Helichelhiem& Yeo, Roman People , P.310

)٥٠(��R�8b���אQ�-K��#��.��9-`�Y����א4��/9�°�z�_(-f6�.א-�R�،��TOא���4��/9�0��a�b�- ��������Qs�b���6 nאL/6°אא!K-א^Y�< {�.�-�.�b��������Q�7u�=�b�Wא�9�|�H<U���א"_א4�/9�°�z_��:Rא��א.

:UאE:Universal Encyclopedia, P.2860

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א<�iא��Eא©H�����אFGא��א4y�Y-K¨M7�����#��.���6.�sTK���9�t�u���Eא���Pא��I7b،�-O�GאJHKQOא-�אt`�bE.

��Eא#��)٥١(¦���G.Maranon(��<��אxt��:���-�RQI�א��y�:� ��S8RhKt�[��t������7�#���U�����tא���K�t��HK4��s��z��אLI�� �-א^א�����EhG� 4�c6$�א�����7�#���U��gU��t#��،��Wy�¢� ����������

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(73) Helichelhiem& Yeo, op.cit.,P.314Yא<��אr�/K���t�y�Y�<Gאy��_�[6.���=<�6`��8�א�oTא_�8�.n� א���6;�אr��UE�sb�C��|�#�98��<�א4א...��

��I�R��¨�TK��pxJ��½8�l-`�א�Oא�a��א|�#�9�،�-�-U^��K�4��n��אL_�JHK��}�...]� (���T�אY��.��-��K...��9�،�<M��אYא�b��E��אi�>א] :`�#oא�L9xLC}6�8�6א! �א5}�8�א�>-אE�Y|#�9��-�u���#��`�א�

_zאא�oTא�xLC�}�א�_.":UאEL��}6�אy�-�oG:A ،�E�awא8CRE��Y٣٣٣٧א#|،.

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4n�C���nא�4���Rh<��א�}I���א:�dM�����א�Gא#��:Y�-��wא8������9 ��<;א�g�I��b������J��HK�א�{���E�d6�(74).�א

t�b؛��� n����������Tiberius¨��}¶r���ut�#!4���n����7א.y��� ��0��9K �Oא�a�א^�K-�-M�אtHf�����E��7.8����py���_��7���9��n{،QsT.y����Uא���HPt�#�JHK

2�M�#�Y���;�Q�OאY�� y��t ��������I� t�/7w���P!אא��TIא4x��T�א] �Kz��אY�I}�אy�ifGאInformers.

����x��M�<����K��8r�u؛��9א��JHK�x�-sK|#�9�Y�-u8��E��אi�>א8�T�µ��`6I����.�xא�{�א4�s#�� E��xyא���א�s#] ��y����s�b��S�sM��<����9���א����wאy��Qp��� �،

-K�y�£Hf6���א.���6-`b،��K8�E��אi�j�r�/K!אy��e7�א�`�����Áא.¶ �_r�/K!א�z_g�����9��Oא������b(-�K�،����K��אL�_�9yK�Oא�a�א^�K¨�}

8±�H��-sKy�|U�P�� ��oא8#א�a�����_�،8�H!א�Oא�a�א]I§JHKL/<�א:��-�-Uא<.�א�xt�א6K-א��I .

_zאJHK �_-א��9z#���T�Iuא#�8؛�oPxq��<�אt�Oh6Kא]�u-�U��z��א����������t��b�]u�s�b����=I.���H�8O��8��-�٢,٧٠٠,٠٠٠,٠٠٠א=I.�t� o��v�����_��7_zאb

�������Tiberius�א! ����O�.yK.(75)-`b���9��5���wאJ�HKא<#{��&x��p��n��������N`btא�zH�JHKt��`}#�C`���9�Ä{�،�KhGא4h}u.

�����������؛:�Rא��8Tiberiusא���HPא-�אYh����א��F�� :���/À8���T<�אx��sU-א��P-����E�8א���U.�9 ���e9��Oא�a�אy���³א����-���y�z�א�n�H��67���9�Qs6��n�J�HK�����}��

Q�r�`�:"�_o³��nt/Tp��£`�����C�א"Kא��א�Uא�y���9-`�".(76)

(74) Helichelhiem& Yeo, Roman People , P.314 )٧٥(،�E��7א�א��s |�Hu���א�-�Gא���.¡���e�7�אt���_y�Qp��אJHK|#�9rא!��אx�Y��o�א�H����9z�؛� ��-mא

�t "����YאE���L9tabE�،È�BGאt��½5��uxt9��6 א(-K�8��<�4אÂMTGא:���h� t6��TKy�Qp��� ��#Y�5E�R���^�T �Q�A�f �t��{.:UאE:A ،�E�awא8CRE��Y٣٣٣٧א#|، .

)٧٦(��u�n��א:��Y-M6�|#�94��n��};א^א�������8.��.א²uhG؛��y�y��Q�s/�<����7b،Qs6��Wx�e�n��9����E��C��אo6 nא;��8�����א|�H�y7��[�Ip��4�uh{y�Qp��� �،��.�}�אy��#�7bא�C�x������TI�אr�UE

QsI}#!�.8�T�<�8�א�-`T�8א�omאEא-`�Y-�E��אi�>א��9�)g/`�א(�E��<�א�H��،�C�JHK"o½ ��"��M�-�E�"#{XHI���n"8/7u�X� ��JHK���T��s#�:Rא��Eא��69،�א��H�lא�C�JHK"���Hא����������R.yK �h`#:

8אYZא5�H9،������א�CKx�C�،"��`�²אb�u&�E�b−��_�`�א،[\]K8<��U١٩٩٩.

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)سيجانوس ( بـ سيانوس مراجع خاصة� Bird, H. W. "L. Aelius Sejanus and His Political Influence." Latomus 28

(1969):PP. 61-98; � Boddington, A. "Sejanus: Whose Conspiracy?" American Journal of

Philology 84 (1963):PP. 1-16; � Heinrichs, A. D. Sejan und das Schicksal Roms in den Annalen des Tacitus.

Marburg, 1976 ; � Hennig, D. L. Aelius Seianus. Untersuchungen zur Regierung des Tiberius.

Munich, 1975 ; � Nicols, J. "Antonia and Sejanus." Historia 24 (1975):PP. 48-58 ; � Sealey, R. "The Political Attachments of L. Aelius Sejanus." Phoenix 15

(1961):PP. 97-114 ; � Shotter. D. C. A. The Fall of Sejanus -- Two Problems." Classical Philology

69 (1974): 42-46 ; � Stewart, Z. "Sejanus, Gaetulicus and Seneca." American Journal of

Philology 74 (1953):PP. 70-85 ; � Sumner, G. V. "The Family Connections of L. Aelius Sejanus." Phoenix 19

(1965):PP. 134-45 ; � Syme, R. "Sejanus on the Aventine." Hermes 84 (1956):PP. 257-66 ; � Tuplin, C. J. "The False Drusus of A.D. 31 and the Fall of Sejanus."

Latomus46(1987):PP.781-805.

مراجع خاصة بـ جريمانيكوس�-������}�Y،(�������_""H�����!א-�����`<�אr������u"N א�������אJ�����HK�������6�،8�������wא���C������،

>html.75/show/classics/org.misbahalhurriyya.www<X�E�6 ٢٧2�� ٢٠٠٦.A٢١−٢٠.

� Pelling, C. "Tacitus and Germanicus." In Tacitus and the Tacitean Tradition, edited by T. J. Luce and A. J. Woodman, PP. 59-85. New Jersey, 1993 ;

� Rapke, I. T. "Tiberius, Piso and Germanicus." Acta Classica 25 (1982):PP. 61-69; Rogers, R. S. "The Conspiracy of Agrippina." Transactions of the American Philological Association 62 (1931):PP. 141-68;

� Ross, D. C. "The Tacitean Germanicus." Yale Classical Studies 23 (1973):PP. 209-27; Shotter. D. C. A. "Tacitus, Tiberius and Germanicus." Historia 17 (1968):PP. 194-214; Sumner, G. V. "Germanicus and Drusus Caesar." Latomus 26 (1967):PP. 413-35.

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اخلامس املبحث ماكرو أسدل الستار

) نهاية حياته(

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(79) Tappan, Story of the Roman, P.180 (80) Ibid. Loc.Cit.

א���x��9n�d���9��؛:Rא��9/�א،t6��}�zT�®�mאy��� ��0��9��u|R��א��Wx��/Ky�y��M<�8�אIt��<b�L7 ��u=��אtא�Eא�RL7 �o6א)n� tTK���������E�I7���א.���6.�-_�M�G�-M� L�ln�d���9��9�

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)٨١(،��.��� �I�א:U�GאA ،١٢٥.(82) Universal Encyclopedia, P.2867.

:UאE،r�/6uאY�¹�h�6Rt���t#�¦��y���T_�،��6�9��DEFGא�YE�����_zא:K�.�G8�7א���$�7�8א:http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14717b.htm (Cited in 8/10/2007)

:UאE،n�d���9-�JHKQI�� 4��t#���:r�`�)�.א�.L�U >�Tא�)"�������:"#�����אE��אi�>א"http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/tiberius/p/Tiberius.htm (Cited in 30/9/2007)

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(�K�E��y��MK�Y�I��א��I>[٣٧אy��e�א(�<�אtp�H -< (.L�e�] ��`GאtO�R-���o�u��/T� z��א،]�I�H} L�Hmא: E���א����6#�Y��_�Y�s��אt���` E���אi�>א4���J�HK��HK�"��

(���א-< E�o�y���H�(85)."א

)٨٣(x x��t#�L�R١٥x x��t#�4�9WEY�CGא�< ��E��١٦gUא��א�_�_zא�E��.)٨٤(A،� �I�א:U�Gא،��.��١٢٦.)٨٥(A ،8�#�����8א�E��אi�>א،���T�א-�.١٤١A ،١٤١8� �u)٤.(

Suetonius, De Vita Caesarum, 2 Vols., trans. J. C. Rolfe (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1920), pp. 291-401; Garrett G. Fagan: Pennsylvania State University, Tiberius (A.D. 14-37), An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors, (Cited in 22/12/2001).

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nא|��#�9���/T� �] c��6 4n���}6u���������Tiberius4א!#����^^���U8����_�����9 ��אy���Capri،����a�אy�Y-K��T_��9��u4���y�HK���-�TK:��/mאy��-`b،(א-K>א����6T�y�z�א

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�PZא-< -uא�����a�}K-א)א��Y-°א-�Kא�Gא�<M�א���"� V-*D/k�(/2�����KD/א��u�/��&/O�MV'��u*."(86)

��9-`�8r�u؛��JHK�������TiberiusyI����DEF�Gא��Ex�}�iא��Eא��U-��א�،"V/�0jt46א�VE��w#7�8,5א4*�+�8א�������c��Q �x��&k0."(87)

)٨٦(A ،���EX�E��،"#-<I�١٧٩א.(87) Helichelhiem& Yeo, Roman People , P.315

:UאE،]�U�T�א�א! ���y�y7��،8TIwא#�א����< Qp� ���������¦��y���T_�:Sinnigen, W.dbook, A., A History of Rome, 6th edition, London 1977, P.287.

�2@)٣(V,#,$�&�'��)*+��,-�:(7 ]tO��J. Grafton Milne, M.A., A History of Egypt Under Roman Rule, Second Edition,

Methuen & Co. LTD., London 1913, P.25

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مراجع خاصة بـفرتة حكمثاني األباطرة الرومان تيبرييوس

� Balsdon, J. P. V. D. "The Principates of Tiberius and Gaius." Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt 2.2 (1975): 86-94;

� Birch, R. A. "The Settlement of 26 June, A.D. 4 and its Aftermath." Classical Quarterly " 31 (1981): 443-56;

� Bonamente, G. Germanico: La persona, la personalità, il personaggio. Rome, 1987; Bowersock, G. "Augustus and the East: The Problem of the Succession," in F. Millar and E. Segal, eds, Caesar Augustus: Seven Aspects (Oxford, 1984), 169-88;

� Braund, D. Augustus to Nero: A Sourcebook on Roman History, 31 BC - A.D. 68. London, 1985;

� Charlesworth, M. P. "Tiberius and the Death of Augustus." American Journal of Philology 44 (1923): 145-157; Durry, M. Les cohortes prétoriennes. Paris, 1938;

� Eck, W. "Das s.c. de Cn. Pisone patre und seine Publikation in der Baetica." Cahiers du Centre Glotz 4 (1993): 189-208;

� Eck, W. A. Caballos, and F. Fernandez. Das Senatus Consultum des Cn. Pisone Patre. Munich, 1996;

� Ehrenberg, V. and A. H. M. Jones, eds. Documents Illustrating the Reigns of Augustus and Tiberius. Oxford, 1970;

� Grant, M. Aspects of the Principate of Tiberius. New York, 1950; � Grant, M. The Roman Emperors. A Biographical Guide to the Rulers of

Rome, 31 BC-A.D. 476 (New York, 1985), 16-24; � Gruen, E. S. "The Imperial Policy of Augustus." In Between Republic and

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� Levick, B. "Tiberius' Retirement to Rhodes in 6 BC." Latomus 25 (1972): 779-813.

� Levick, B. "Julians and Claudians." Greece and Rome 22 (1975): 29-38; � Levick, B. Tiberius the Politician. London, 1976; � Marsh, F. B. The Reign of Tiberius. Oxford, 1931; � Martin, R. H. "Tacitus and the Death of Augustus." Classical Quarterly 5

(1955): 123-28; Ober, J. "Tiberius and the Political Testament of Augustus." Historia 31 (1982): 306-28;

� Sattler, P. "Julia und Tiberius: Beiträge zur römischen Innenpolitik zwischen den Jahren 12 vor und 2 nach Chr." In Augustus, edited by W. Schmitthenner, 486-530. Darmstadt, 1969;

� Seager, R. Tiberius. London, 1972; � Sherk, R. K. The Roman Empire: Augustus to Hadrian. Cambridge, 1988; � Shotter. D. C. A. "Julians, Claudians and the Accession of Tiberius."

Latomus 30 (1971): 1117-23; � Shotter. D. C. A. "Cnaeus Calpurnius Piso, Legate of Syria." Historia 23

(1974): 229-45; Shotter. D.C.A. Tiberius Caesar. London, 1992; Sinclair, P. "Tacitus' Presentation of Livia Julia, wife of Tiberius' son Drusus." American Journal of Philology 111 (1990): 238-56; Smith, C. E. Tiberius and the Roman Empire. Oxford, 1942;

� Wellesley, K. "The Dies Imperii of Tiberius." Journal of Roman Studies 57 (1967): 23-30;

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� Pike, Joseph B., Gai Suetoni Tranquilli de vita Caesarum : Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, Allyn and Bacon , Boston 1903, PP.1-41.

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وسوعات العربيةامل:خامساA�D, �،א *:*�87א�'��,�8א�_�`�א،r� �p��} -/0 �א�{١٩٥٩ .

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