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30-1 (01).pmd 1/30/2012, 4:36 AM1

pmrsufESm 2 30-1-2012

( 2012 ckESpf Zefe0g&D 30 &uf)

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30-1 (02).pmd 1/30/2012, 4:36 AM1

30-1-2012 pmrsufESm 3

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30-1 (05).pmd 1/30/2012, 4:36 AM1

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30-1 (06).pmd 1/30/2012, 4:36 AM1

pmrsufESm 730-1-2012

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30-1 (07).pmd 1/30/2012, 4:36 AM1

pmrsufESm 8 30-1-2012

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tjrefvrf;rBuD; (aejynfawmf-rEÅav;vrf;ydkif;) wpfae&mudk awGU&pOf/

30-1 (08-09).pmd 1/30/2012, 4:36 AM1

pmrsufESm 930-1-2012

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MRTV-4

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½IjrifcHpm;

½kyfjrifoHMum;

30-1-2012 (wevFmaeU )

eHeufydkif;

5;00 MRTV-4 tzGifh Logoy|mef;ygVdawmf+&weokwf

5;20 MRTV-4 owif;5;40 olawmfaumif;&wem(7)yg;

w&m;awmf b'EÅpEaoe(oknw"r®q&mawmf)

6;40 MRTV-4 ½kyfoHZmwfvrf;wGJpdwf\ap&m (tydkif;-102)

7;30 MRTV-4 owif; 8;00 MRTV-4 ½kyfoHZmwfvrf;wGJ

yef;oHk;yGifhavnTef&m (tykdif;-55)9;45 vif;vufrIrsm;ESifhvSycJhaomn

(Silver Tiger)10;30 Celebrity Choice

11;15 Parkway Health aemufqHk;ay:OD;aESmufESifh tm½kHaMumcGJpdwfrIrsm;

11;40 MRTV-4 ½kyfoHZmwfvrf;wGJaw;oGm;{u&D (tykdif;-2)

2;00 MRTV-4 owif;2;20 MRTV-4 ½kyfoHZmwfvrf;wJG

pdwf\ap&m (tydkif;-102)3;10 MRTV-4 ½kyfoHZmwfvrf;wJG

yef;oHk;yGifhavnTef&m (tydkif;-55)4;00 MNL MYANMAR 2012

(Chin United FC VsNay Pyi Taw FC) (LIVE )

6;00 MRTV-4 owif;6;50 MRTV-4 ½kyfoHZmwfvrf;wGJ

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jrefrmhv,f,mzGHUNzdK;a&;bPfrS jrefrmEdkifiHt&yf&yf&Sd awmifolrsm;tm;

pdkufysdK;p&dwftjzpf wpf{uvQif usyfav;aomif;pD xkwfacs;cJh&m aemufqHk;

jyefvnfay;oGif;&rnfhumvrSm ,cifu Zefe0g&Dv[k owfrSwfcJhaomfvnf;

,cktcg rwfvukeftxd wdk;jr§ifhvdkufaMumif; jrefrmhpdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;rS wm0ef&Sd

olwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/

]]Zefe0g&D 22 &ufuwnf;u 0efBuD;u wdkufBuD;NrdKUe,frS awmifolawG

udk today;cJhygw,f/ rdk;pyg;wkef;u awmifolawG pdkufcif;awG a&jrKyfqHk;½IH;

cJhwJhtwGuf awmifolawGpkNyD; 0efBuD;qDwifjyvmMuygw,f/ aemufNyD; pyg;aps;

uvnf; rwufao;awmh awmifolawG acs;aiGjyefqyfzdkYtcufMuHK&w,f/

'gaMumifh 0efBuD;u rwfvtxd a&TUqdkif;vdkufw,f}} [k wm0ef&Sdolu ajymMum;

onf/ tqdkyg acs;aiGa&TUqdkif;jcif;tm; a'otm;vHk;&Sd awmifoltm;vHk;

tusHK;0ifrnfjzpfum ,ckrwfvukefwGif aemufqHk;xm;ay;oGif;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/

awmifolrsm;taeESifh rdk;BuD;a&jrKyfjcif;aMumifh pdkufcif;rsm;ysufpD;cJhjcif;tjyif

pyg;aps;rSmusqif;vsuf&SdNyD; ta&mif;t0,fyg;jcif;wdkYaMumifh qdkif;iHhowfrSwf

ay;&jcif;jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ (cif&wem)

acs;aiGjyefqyf&uftm; rwfvukeftxd wdk;jr§ifU

30-1 (10).pmd 1/30/2012, 4:36 AM1

30-1-2012 pmrsufESm 15

jynfaxmifpkor®w jrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&ynma&;0efBuD;Xme

jrefrmEdkifiH ynma&;okawoetzGJUOD;pD;Xmeaejynfawmf

jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;XmeESifh ynma&;0efBuD;Xme jrefrmEdkifiHynma&;

okawoetzGJU OD;pD;XmewdkYyl;aygif;í wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJ ajzqdkMurnfh

ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf pmar;yGJ taxmuftuljyK odrSwf

zG,f&m yx0D0ifbmomoifcef;pmudk azmfjyvdkufygonf/

wuúodkvf0if pmar;yGJ

odrSwfzG,f&m pdwfBuKdufjrefrmpm

wuúodkvf0if pmar;yGJ

odrSwfzG,f&m yx0D0ifbmom

'DuaeYydkYcsrSmuawmh 2012ckESpf wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yJG yx0D0ifoif½dk;eJY ywfoufNyD; txl;*½kjyK

avhvmoifhwJhtaMumif;t&mawGjzpfw,f/ tajccHynmtxufwef; wuúodkvf0ifwef;yx0D0if oif½dk;rSm

obm0yx0D0if? pD;yGm;a&;yx0D0if? jrefrmEdkifiHyx0D0if? urÇmhyx0D0ifeJY vufawGUyx0D0ifqdkNyD; tydkif;BuD;

(5)ydkif;yg0ifw,f/

tydkif;(u) obm0yx0D0iftydkif;rSm

urÇmajrBuD;wnfaqmufyHk? urÇmhajrxktay:,Hausmufrsm;? urÇmhtay:,HajrvTma&GUvsm;jcif;? urÇmh

ukef;ajroP²mefrsm;? tdkifrsm;? pdrfhrsm;eJY uRef;rsm;taMumif;yg0ifw,ff/

tydkif;(c) pD;yGm;a&;yx0D0iftydkif;rSm

urÇmay:&Sda'oBuD;rsm;ESifh EkdifiHrsm;&JU owåKwGif;xGufypönf;wl;azmfjcif;vkyfief;? owåKr[kwfaom

wGif;xGufypönf;wl;azmfjcif;vkyfief;? a&tm;? pufrIvufrIvkyfief;? ydkYaqmifqufoG,fa&;vkyfief;eJU ukefoG,f

a&;rsm; yg0ifw,ff/

tydkif;(*) jrefrmEdkifiHyx0D0iftydkif;rSm

jrefrmEdkifiH&JU pD;yGm;a&;ukefxkwfvkyfief;rsm;rS wGif;xGufypönf;vkyfief;? pufrIvufrIvkyfief;? ydkYaqmif

qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;eJY ukefoG,fa&;wdkY yg0ifw,ff/

tydkif;(C) urÇmhyx0D0iftydkif;rSm

tar&duefjynfaxmifpk? *syefEdkifiH? MopaMw;vsEdkifiH? ,lEdkufwufuif;'rf;(NAdwdef)EdkifiHtjyif jyifopf

EdkifiHeJY *smreDEdkifiHrsm;vnf; xnfhoGif;xm;w,ff/

tydkif;(i) vufawGUyx0D0iftydkif;rSm

pau;rsm;?uGefwdkeJY uGefwdkajryHkrsm;? ajrjyifvu©PmjyajryHkrsm; avhvmjcif;? aumif;uif"mwfyHkrsm;udk

avhvmjyefqdk wGufcsufjcif;rsm; yg0ifw,ff/

wuúodkvf0ifwef; yx0D0ifar;cGef;yHkpHrSm tydkif;ajcmufydkif;yg0ifNyD;

tydkif;(u)"r®"d|mef? tydkif;(c)obm0yx0D0if? tydkif;(*)pD;yGm;a&;yx0D0if? tydkif;(C) jrefrm

EdkifiHyx0D0if? tydkif;(i) urÇmhyx0D0ifESifh tydkif;(p) vufawGUyx0D0ifar;cGef;rsm; jzpfw,f/ tJ'DtxJrSm

tydkif;(u)ESifh (p)rSm ar;cGef;tm;vHk;ukd ajzqdk&rSmjzpfNyD; useftydkif;wpfydkif;pDrS wpfyk'fpDjzifh pkpkaygif;(6)yk'f

ajzqdk&rSmjzpfw,f/ vdktyfwJhae&mrsm;rSm ajryHkrsm;? o½kyfjyyHkrsm;? yHkMurf;rsm;a&;qGJNyD; ajz&rSmjzpfw,ff/

ajzqdkcsdef (3) em&D jzpfNyD; pkpkaygif;ay;rSwfrSm (100) jzpfw,f/

tydkif;(u) "r®"d|mefrSm oHk;ydkif;yg0ifNyD; 15 rSwfzdk; ajz&rSmjzpfw,ff/ 1 (u) rSm;^rSefa&G;? 1 (c)

uGufvyfjznfh? 1 (*) tajzrSefa&G;wdkY jzpfw,f/

tydkif;(c)rSm ar;cGef;&SnfESpfyk'feJY rSwfpkwdkar;cGef;rsm;qdkNyD; pkpkaygif; (3)yk'far;xm;NyD; ESpfouf&m

(1)yk'fa&G;NyD; (15)rSwfzdk; ajz&rSmjzpfw,ff/ tu,fí rSwfpkwdkar;cGef;udkajzqdkvQif ESpfouf&m rSwfpkwdk

(2)yk'fudk ajzqdkEdkifw,f/ 'DvdkyJ tydkif;(*)? (C)? (i)wdkYrSmvnf; (15)rSwfzdk;pD ajz&rSmjzpfNyD; (4)ydkif;twGuf

pkpkaygif; trSwf (60) ay;xm;w,ff/

vufawGUyx0D0if tydkif;(p) ar;cGef; 14 (u) rSm 10 rSwfESifh 14 (c)twGuf (15) rSwfqdkawmh

pkpkaygif;ay;rSwf (25) rSwfjzpfNyD; "r®"d|mefvdkyJ rajzrae&jzpfw,f/

ar;cGef;rSmoif½dk;ñTef;wrf;udk NcHKiHkrdatmifar;rSmjzpfwJhtwGuf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;taeeJY

jy|mef;pmtkyfygoif½dk;tm;vHk;udk ausausnufnuf zwf? rSwfzdkYvdkygw,f/ oifcef;pmtm;vHk;udk ajryHkESifh

wuG rSefrSefavhusifhxm;&ygr,f/ oDtdk&Dtydkif;udk avhvmusufrSwfwJhtcg ajryHkeJY tcsuftvufrsm;wJGNyD;

ajryHkygtcsufrsm;udk oabmaygufem;vnfxm;ygu aMumif;usdK;qufpyfNyD; rSwfrdvG,fwJhtwGuf tvGwf

usufjcif;xuf ydkNyD;ajzqdkEdkifw,f/

urÇmhyx0D0iftydkif;rSm zGHUNzdK;NyD;EdkifiHrsm;jzpfwJh tar&duefjynfaxmifpk? *syef? MopaMw;vs? NAdwdef?

jyifopfeJY *smreDEdkifiHrsm; yg0ifw,f/ EdkifiHwdkif;&JUwnfae&m? tus,ft0ef;eJY xdpyfaeaom tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiH

rsm;udkod&r,f/ "r®"d|mefrsm;udkvnf; 'Dtydkif;rsm;rS odoifhwJhtcsufrsm;udk rSm;^rSef? uGufvyfjznfh? tajzrSef

a&G;ponfjzifh ar;EdkifwmudkowdjyKyg/

'ghtjyi f urÇmhEdkifiHrsm;yx0D0ifESifh uGefwdkajryHkavhvmajzqdk&eftwGuf ½lyyx0D0if? obm0yx0D0if?

vlrI-pD;yGm;a&;yx0D0ifqdkNyD; cGJjcm;avhvmrSwfom;oifhw,ff/ ½lyyx0D0iftydkif;rSm wnfae&m? tus,f

t0ef;? ajrrsufESmoGifjyifeJU a&qif;? &moDOwk? obm0aygufyifeJY ajrqDvTmrsm;yg0ifw,f/ obm0yx0D0if rSm ajrrsufESmoGifjyifrS ajrqDvTmtxdom yg0ifw,ff/ vlrIa&;yx0D0if rSm vlOD;a&? vlrsKd;ESifh

NrdKU&GmysHUESHYwnf&dSrIrsm; yg0ifw,ff/ pD;yGm;a&;yx0D0if rSm pdkufysdK;a&;? arG;jrLa&;? a&vkyfief;? opfxkwfvkyfief;?

wGif;xGufypönf; wl;azmfa&;vkyfief;? pufrIvkyfief;? ydkYaqmifqufoG,fa&;eJY ukefoG,fa&;rsm;yg0ifw,ff/

pD;yGm;ukefxkwfvkyfief;rSmawmh pdkufysKd;a&;rS pufrIvkyfief;txdom yg0ifw,f/

qufvufNyD;ydkYcsrSmuawmh vufawGUyx0D0iftydkif;jzpfwJh ar;cGef; 14 (u)rSm pau;eJY aumif;uif

"mwfyHktaMumif;t&mxJrS ykpämwpfckckudkkajz&r,ff/ 14 (c)rSmawmh uGefwdkajryHkudk avhvmajzqdk&rSmjzpfw,ff/

'Dtydkif;rSmavhusifhzdkYtrsm;BuD;vdktyfw,f/ydkYcscsufygñTefMum;csufrsm;twdkif; qGJom;enf;? ajzqdkenf;awGudk

pmar;yGJeD;rS avhusifhwmrsKd;rjzpfoifhyg/ Oyrm-yHkjypau;jzpfwJh pau;usJ? pau;pdyfrsm; wGufcsufa&;qGJ&m

rSm ydkYcscsufrsm;udkzwf½I½HkeJY rvHkavmufyg/ vufawGUtBudrfBudrf avhusifhqGJom;rSom pmar;yGJajzqdkwJhtcg

tvG,fwul qGJvdkU&rSmjzpfw,f/ tvm;wl uGefwdkajryHkavhvmjyefqdk&mrSmvnf; ESpfpuwnf;u uGefwdkyHk

rsm;udk rSefrSefavhusifhxm;oifhw,f/ aumif;uif"mwfyHkeJY ywfoufwJh ykpämawGwGuf&mrSmvnf; yHkaoenf;

rsm;udk tvGwfusufwmxuf oauFw&Sif;vif;csufrsm;udk em;vnfatmifrSwfzdkYvdkw,f/ vufawGUwGufcsuf

jcif;rsm;rjyKrD pau;&JUt"dyÜm,f? ajryHkrsm;ay:wGif pau;udkazmfjyjcif;? pau;wpfrsdK;rS tjcm;wpfrsdK;odkY

ajymif;vJwGufcsufjcif;rsm; yg0ifw,f/

pau;qdkonfrSm ajryHkay:rS tuGmta0;ESifh ajrjyifay:rS tuGmta0;wdkY\ tcsKd;azmfjycsuf jzpfw,f/

pau;trsdK;tpm; (3) rsKd;&Sdw,f/ ,if;wdkYrSm-

(1) pmpau; (0g) pmwef;pau;? (Oyrm- wpfvufrvQif wpfrdkif)

(2) tcsdK;pau; (0g) tydkif;pau; (Oyrm- 1;63360 (0g) 63360 ydkif; wpfydkif;) ESifh

(3) yHkjypau; (Oyrm- twdkif;twmwpf&yf&Sdaom rsOf;wpfaMumif;udk pdwfydkif;um tcsKd;us ajrjyif

tuGmta0;rsm;udk a&;rSwfazmfjyaom pau;trsdK;tpm;jzpfw,f)/

yHkjypau;trsKd;tpm;udk t"dutm;jzifh(2)rsKd;cGJjcm;xm;w,f/ ¤if;wdkYrSm pau;pdyf^tjynfhpau; ESifh

pau;usJ^tzGifhpau; wdkYjzpfw,f/ yHkjypau;a&;qGJ&mrSm wGufcsuf&efeJY qGJom;&ef [lí ESpfydkif;yg0if

w,ff/

yHkjypau;rsm;wGuf&ef? qGJ&eftwGuf tenf;qHk;jyK&r,fh udef;\ ]],lepf}} udk owdjyK&ef vdktyfw,f/

wGufcsufwJhtcg a&;qGJ&r,fh rsOf;&JU tvsm;[m av;vufrESifh ajcmufvufrMum;&dS&if toifhawmfqHk;

jzpfw,f/ wGufenf;udk tqifhqifhrSefatmifwGuf&r,f/ wGufcsufvdkU&wJh tajzay:rlwnfNyD; pau;rsOf;udk

wdusrSefuefatmif qGJ&efvdkw,f/ tydkif;rsm;udk pdwfydkif;wJhtcgrSmvnf; tpdwftydkif;rsm; rSefuefnDnm

atmif pdwfydkif;&ef t"duvdktyffw,f/

aumif;uif"mwfyHkavhvmjyefqdkjcif;tcef;rSmyg0ifwJhaumif;uif"mwfyHkpau;rsm;&Sm&mrSm(1) uifr&mqHkwmeJYav,mOfysHoef;aomtjrifhwdkYudk tcsKd;jzifh pau;&Smenf;(2) "mwfyHkay:tuGmta0;eJY ajrjyiftuGmta0;EIdif;,SOfjcif;jzifh pau;&Smenf;(3) pau;odaomajryHkeJY EdIif;,SOfenf;jzifh pau;&Smenf;[lí enf;(3)enf;&Sdonf/

(1) uifr&mqHkwmeJY av,mOfysHoef;aomtjrifhwdkYudk tcsKd;jzifhpau;&Smenf;rSm

toHk;jyK&rnfhyHkaoenf;(u)rSm

Scale or RF =

toHk;jyK&rnfh yHkaoenf;(c)rSm

Scale or RF =

)( hA

f

−oauFw&Sif;vif;csuftaeeJY

Scale or RF qdkwmuawmh pau;^tcsdK;pau;

(Representative Fraction)

f qdkwmuawmh uifr&mqHkwm (focal length)

A qdkwmuawmh yifv,fjyiftxuf av,mOfysHoef;aomtjrifh (Altitude)eJU

h qdkwmuawmh ukef;ajrtjrifh (Height of the terrain)

H qdkwmuawmh ukef;ajrtxufav,mOfysHoef;aomtjrifh

(Flying Height above the ground) jzpfw,f/

Oyrm / uifr&mqHkwm 6vufrjzifh ½dkuful;xm;aom aumif;uif"mwfyHkwpfyHk\ pau;rSm 1;6000jzpf

vQif ½dkuful;aomtcsdefü ysHoef;onfhav,mOf\ ajrjyiftxuf tjrifhay udk &Smyg/

wGufenf;uifr&mqHkwm (f) = 6vufr

"mwfyHk\pau; (RF)= 1;6000ukef;ajrtxufav,mOfysHoef;aomtjrifh (H) = ?

toHk;jyKaomyHkaoenf; RF=

H = 6 _6000

36000 vufr

12 vufr

H = 3000 ay

tajz = av,mOf\ajrjyiftxufysHoef;aom tjrifhay 3000

yHkaoenf;(c)rSm av,mOfysHoef;aomtjrifh (H)udk wdkuf½dkufray;xm;wJhtwGuf yifv,fjyiftxuf

av,mOfysHoef;wJh tjrifh (A)rS ukef;ajrtjrihf (h)udk Ekwfay;jcif;tm;jzifh (H)udk &Edkifygonf/

Oyrm / av,mOfwpfpif;onf yifv,fa&jyiftxuf tjrifhay 12000 rS ysHoef;NyD; uifr&mqHkwm

6 vufrjzifh "mwfyHk½dkuful;&m "mwfyHkwGif tjrifhay 1500 &Sdonfh awmifukef;wpfckyg0ifonf/

xdkaumif;uif"mwfyHk\ pau;udk&Smyg/

fH

=

pmrsufESm 16 aumfvH 1 odkY

30-1 (15).pmd 1/30/2012, 4:37 AM1

pmrsufESm 16 30-1-2011

=

=

tajz = "mwfyHk\pau; 1 ; 15000

aumif;uif"mwfyHk&JU pau;&SmwJhyHkaoenf;rsm;eJY wGufcsufenf;rsm;udk rSwfrdatmifavhvmxm;&r,f/

yHkaoenf;yg oauFwawG&JUae&mrSm ar;cGef;ykpämyg oufqdkif&mudef;*Pef;rsm;udktpm;xdk;NyD; wGuf&rSmjzpfwJh

twGuf a,bk,stm;jzifh vG,fuloa,mifjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh yHkaoenf;rSmygwJh oauFwawG&JUt"dyÜm,fudk

odxm;&r,f/ rnfonfhyHkaoenf;udk rnfonfhykpämrSmoHk;&r,fqdkwmudk cGJjcm;rSwfom;&ef txl;vdktyfw,f/

erlemrsm;udk txyfxyfavhusifhoifhw,f/

uGefwdkajryHkavhvmajzqdkjcif;

uGefwdkajryHkavhvmajzqdkjcif; tydkif;rSm (u)rS (c)odkY jzwfydkif;yHka&;qGJjcif;? ajryHkyga'o&JU {&d,meJY

vwåDusK? avmif*sDusK&SmazGjcif;? jrefrmEdkifiH&JU rnfonfhjynfe,f? wdkif;a'oBuD;twGif; wnf&dSonfudk

taMumif;jycsufeJY ajzqdkjcif;? ajryHkyga'o&JU ½lyyx0D0if? obm0yx0D0if? vlrI-pD;yGm;a&;yx0D0ifESifh

pD;yGm;ukefxkwfvkyfief;rsm; pojzifhyg0ifw,f/

(u)rS(c)odkY jzwfydkif;yHka&;qGJ&mrSm a'gifvdkufpau;udk OD;pGm &Smay;&rSmjzpfNyD; uGefwdkajryHkrSm ay;xm;wJh

tvsm;vdkufpau;udk toHk;jyKwGufcsuf&SmazG&r,f/ a'gifvdkufpau;udk&Sm&mrSm ajrrsufESmoGifjyiftedrfh

tjrifh ay:vGifap&ef 5 q txd csJUoifhw,f/ tvsm;vdkuf pau; 1 vufr = 1 rdkifay: rlwnfNyD;

a'gifvdkuf pau; 5 qcsJUaomf

1 vufr _ 5 q = 5 vufr = 1 rdkif 5280 ay

1 vufray:rSmjyef&Sm&if = 1 _ 5280 = 1056 ay5

&vmaomtajzudkyHkqGJ&mü vG,fulatmifteD;qHk;udef;jynfh 1000 ay udk ,l&r,f/ xdkYaMumifh

a'gifvdkufpau; 1 vufr = 1000 ay &vmr,f/ &&SdvmaomtajzudktoHk;jyKí ay;xm;aom*&yfay:ü

jzwfydkif;yHkudk pau;udkuf a&;qGJay;&r,f/ þenf;onf yHkaoenf;uJhodkY rnfonfhpau;udkrqdk wGufEdkif&r,f/

a&;qGJyH ktqifhqifhrSm

1/ yxrOD;qHk;ay;xm;aom uGefwdkajryHkay:&dS(u)trSwfESifh(c)trSwfwdkUudk&SmNyD; rsOf;ajzmifhjzihfqufyg/

115000

4 60000

2/ ]u}ESifh]c} jzwfoef;&mrsOf;wpfavQmuf&dS uGefwdkrsOf;rsm;\ tjrifhayrsm;udk rSwf&rnf/

þodkUrSwfonfhtcg ay;xm;aom uGefwdkjcm;em;csufudk owdjyK&rnf/ uGefwdkrsOf;omru jrpf?

acsmif;? tif;tdkif? NrdKU? &Gm? vrf;rStp tao;pdwf rSwfom;&rnf/

3/ ]u} ]c} jzwfoef;&m rsOf;wpfavQmuf uGefwdkajryHkpm&Gufudk acgufyg/

4/ *&yfpm&Gufay:rSm ay;xm;aom uGefwdkajryHk\ ]u} ]c} tvsm;twdkif; atmufajctvsm;tvdkuf

rsOf;aMumif;udk wduspGmqGJyg/ ]u} ae&mrS a'gifvdkufrsOf;wpfaMumif; ESifh ]c}ae&mrS a'gifvdkufrsOf;

wpfaMumif;qGJyg/

5/ acgufxm;aomuGefwdkajryHkpm&Gufudk rSwfom;xm;onfh*&yfpm&Guf\ atmufajcrsOf;wGif ]u}

]c} trSwftom;tuGmta0;twdkif; a'gifvdkufrsOf;ESifh wpfxyfwnf;usatmif uyfyg/ NyD;vQif

uGefwdkajryHkay:&dS tjrifhayrsm;udk *&yfpm&Gufay:odkY pau;udkuf trSwfrsm;csírSwfyg/

PDGD

PDGD

f

(A-h)

PDM D

pmrsufESm 15 rS

4 1 12 5000

1

12000

1

12000

PDMD

wGufenf;yifv,fjyifftxufav,mOfysHoef;aomtjrifh (A) = 12000 ay

uifr&mqHkwm (f) = 6 vufr

awmifukef;\tjrifh (h) = 1500 ay

aumif;uif"mwfyHk\pau; (RF) = ?

toHk;jyKaomyHkaoenf; Scale or RF =

6 vufr

12000-1500 ay

6 vufr

10500_12vufr

6 vufr

126000 vufr

1 vufr

21000 vufr

RF = 1 ; 21000

tajz = aumif;uif"mwfyHk\pau; 1;21000

(2) "mwfyHkay:tuGmta0;eJU ajrjyiftuGmta0; EdIif;,SOfjcif;jzifh pau;&Smenf;rSmqdk&ifyHkaoenf;uawmh

Scale or RF =

oauFw&Sif;vif;csuftaeeJY

Scale or RF qdkwmuawmh pau;^tcsKd;pau; (Representative Fraction)

PD qdkwmuawmh "mwfyHkay:&dStuGmta0; (Photo Distance)eJY

GD qdkwmuawmh ajrjyifay:&dStuGmta0; (Ground Distance) jzpfw,f/

Oyrm / av,mOfwpfpif;ay:rS atmufwJh½kduf aumif;uif"mwfyHk½kduful;&mwGif ½kduful;aom"mwfyHk\

pau;rSm 1;12000 jzpfNyD; &GmESpf&Gm\ajrjyifay:&Sd tuGmta0;rSm ay 3000 jzpfvQif

xdk&GmESpf&Gm\ "mwfyHkay:&Sd tuGmta0;udk&Smyg/

wGufenf;aumif;uif"mwfyHk\pau; (RF) = 1;12000

ajrjyifay:&SdtuGmta0; GD = 3000 ay

"mwfyHkay:&SdtuGmta0; PD = ?

toHk;jyKaomyHkaoenf; RF =

PD = GD _ RF

PD = (3000 _ 12

'' ) _

PD = 36000

'' _

PD = 3 vufr

tajz = &GmESpf&Gm\"mwfyHkay:&Sd tuGmta0; = 3 vufr

(3) pau;odaomajryHkeJY EdIif;,SOfenf;jzifhpau;&Smenf;rSmyHkaoenf;uawmh

Scale or RF = x Map Scale

oauFw&Sif;vif;csuftaeeJY

Scale or RF qdkwmuawmh pau;^tcsKd;pau; (Representative Fraction)

PD qdkwmuawmh "mwfyHkay:&dStuGmta0; (Photo Distance)

MD qdkwmuawmh ajryHkay:&dStuGmta0; (Map Distance) eJY

Map Scale qdkwmuawmh ajryHkpau; jzpfw,f/

Oyrm / ajryHkwpfyHkay:&Sd vrf;qHkESpfckwdkU\tuGmta0;onf 12 vufrjzpfNyD;? ,if;ajryHk\ pau;rSm

1;5000 jzpfonf/ xdkvrf;qHkESpfckwdkY\ "mwfyHkay:&SdtuGmta0;rSm 4 vufrjzpfvQif? "mwfyHk\

pau;ukd&Smyg/

wGufenf;ajryHkay:&SdtuGmta0; M D = 12 vufr

ajryHk\pau; MS = 1;5000

"mwfyHkay:&SdtuGmta0; PD = 4 vufr

"mwfyHk\pau; RF = ?

toHk;jyKaomyHkaoenf; RF = _ MS

= _

RF =

=

=

=

pmrsufESm 17 aumfvH 1 okdU

30-1 (16).pmd 1/30/2012, 4:37 AM1

30-1-2012 pmrsufESm 17

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12

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34

30-1 (17).pmd 1/30/2012, 4:37 AM1

pmrsufESm 20 30-1-2012

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30-1 (20).pmd 1/30/2012, 4:37 AM1