S t u d e n t H a n d o u t - Central Bucks School District€¦ · started by selling newspapers....
16
STUDENT HANDOUT Bruce Barton Fun Facts • I began my business career selling newspapers. • I wrote a bestselling book, The Man Nobody Knows, in which I depicted Jesus Christ as a successful salesman and publicist who could serve as a role model for modern businessmen. • As part of an ad campaign, I created the character Betty Crocker. Bruce Barton was an enterprising young boy. He started by selling newspapers. At the age of 16, he was making more than $600 a year selling his uncle’s maple syrup.1 He got his start in advertising by selling ad space for Collier’s magazine. In 1919, he cofounded the advertising firm that would become Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn. His agency’s main clients included General Electric, General Motors, and U.S. Steel. Barton grew to be one of the most successful advertising executives of the 1920s. Barton’s philosophy was that good advertising appealed to consumers and created desire for a product. According to Barton, “The American conception of advertising is to arouse desires and stimulate wants, to make people dissatisfied with the old and out-of-date.”1 Barton told his employees that their ads should have a theme, an interesting headline, and a purpose to direct consumers to act in a particular way (usually to buy a product).1 His ads often used catchy slogans. His advertising firm was also one of the first agencies to use radio, rather than newspapers and magazines, for advertising. © Teachers’ Curriculum Institute 1 Popular Culture in the Roaring Twenties
Transcript of S t u d e n t H a n d o u t - Central Bucks School District€¦ · started by selling newspapers....
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tB
ruce
Bar
ton
Fun
Fac
ts
•I
bega
nm
ybu
sine
ssc
aree
rse
lling
new
spap
ers.
•I
wro
tea
bes
tsel
ling
book
,The
Man
Nob
ody
Kno
ws,
in
whi
chI
dep
icte
dJe
sus
Chr
ist
asa
suc
cess
ful
sale
sman
an
dpu
blic
ist
who
cou
lds
erve
as
aro
lem
odel
for
m
oder
nbu
sine
ssm
en.
•A
spa
rto
fan
ad
cam
paig
n,I
cre
ated
the
cha
ract
er
Bet
tyC
rock
er.
Bru
ceB
arto
nw
asa
nen
terp
risi
ngy
oung
boy
.He
star
ted
bys
ellin
gne
wsp
aper
s.A
tthe
age
of
16,h
ew
asm
akin
gm
ore
than
$60
0a
year
sel
ling
his
uncl
e’s
map
les
yrup
.1H
ego
this
sta
rtin
adv
ertis
ing
bys
ellin
gad
spa
cef
orC
olli
er’s
m
agaz
ine.
In
1919
,he
cofo
unde
dth
ead
vert
isin
gfi
rmth
at
wou
ldb
ecom
eB
atte
n,B
arto
n,D
urst
ine
&O
sbor
n.H
is
agen
cy’s
mai
ncl
ient
sin
clud
edG
ener
alE
lect
ric,
Gen
eral
M
otor
s,a
ndU
.S.S
teel
.Bar
ton
grew
tob
eon
eof
the
mos
tsu
cces
sful
adv
ertis
ing
exec
utiv
eso
fth
e19
20s.
Bar
ton’
sph
iloso
phy
was
that
goo
dad
vert
isin
gap
peal
ed
toc
onsu
mer
san
dcr
eate
dde
sire
for
ap
rodu
ct.A
ccor
ding
to
Bar
ton,
“T
heA
mer
ican
con
cept
ion
ofa
dver
tisin
gis
to
aro
use
desi
res
and
stim
ulat
ew
ants
,to
mak
epe
ople
di
ssat
isfi
edw
ithth
eol
dan
dou
t-of
-dat
e.”1
Bar
ton
told
his
em
ploy
ees
that
thei
rad
ssh
ould
hav
ea
them
e,a
nin
tere
stin
ghe
adlin
e,a
nda
pur
pose
tod
irec
tcon
sum
ers
toa
ctin
a
part
icul
arw
ay(
usua
llyto
buy
ap
rodu
ct).
1H
isa
dso
ften
us
edc
atch
ysl
ogan
s.H
isa
dver
tisin
gfi
rmw
asa
lso
one
of
the
firs
tage
ncie
sto
use
rad
io,r
athe
rth
ann
ewsp
aper
san
dm
agaz
ines
,for
adv
ertis
ing.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 1Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tG
eorg
e W
ashi
ngto
n C
arve
rF
un F
acts
•W
hen
wor
king
inth
ela
bora
tory
,Io
ften
wor
ea
whi
tea
pron
.
•I
disc
over
edm
ore
than
300
use
sfo
rpe
anut
s.
•B
ecau
seo
fm
ylo
vef
orn
atur
e,I
was
giv
enth
eni
ckna
me
“the
Pla
ntD
octo
r.”
Geo
rge
Was
hing
ton
Car
ver
was
bor
nin
tos
lave
ryin
Mis
sour
i.H
ele
arne
da
grea
tdea
labo
utp
lant
sw
hile
wan
deri
ngth
efi
elds
of
the
plan
tati
on.C
arve
rea
rned
his
mas
ter’
sde
gree
at
Iow
aSt
ate,
whe
reh
ew
asth
efi
rstb
lack
stu
dent
and
,lat
er,
the
firs
tbla
ckf
acul
tym
embe
r.
In1
896,
he
beca
me
are
sear
cher
and
pro
fess
ora
tTus
kege
eU
nive
rsity
inA
laba
ma.
The
re,h
ede
vise
da
crop
rot
atio
nsy
stem
toh
elp
poor
Sou
ther
nfa
rmer
s.P
arto
fth
ero
tatio
nin
clud
edin
trod
ucin
gpe
anut
s,s
wee
tpot
atoe
s,a
nds
oybe
ans,
w
hich
add
edn
itrog
ento
rep
leni
shth
eso
il.T
om
ake
thes
ecr
ops
prof
itabl
e,h
ein
vent
edn
ewu
ses
for
them
,suc
has
tu
rnin
gth
emin
tod
ye,p
rint
er’s
ink,
glu
e,a
ndm
olas
ses.
H
eal
sod
evel
oped
mor
eth
an3
00n
ewu
ses
for
the
pean
ut
(tho
ugh
notp
eanu
tbut
ter,
as
isc
omm
only
bel
ieve
d).
Num
erou
sU
.S.p
resi
dent
s,h
eads
of
fore
ign
stat
es,a
nd
busi
ness
lead
ers
met
or
stud
ied
with
Car
ver.
In
1943
,aft
er
Car
ver’
sde
ath,
Pre
side
ntF
rank
linR
oose
velt
esta
blis
hed
ana
tiona
lmon
umen
tfor
Car
ver,
the
firs
tnat
iona
lmon
umen
tde
dica
ted
toa
nA
fric
anA
mer
ican
.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 2Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tC
harle
s Li
ndbe
rgh
Fun
Fac
ts
•I
drop
ped
out
oft
heU
nive
rsit
yof
Wis
cons
int
obe
com
ea
barn
stor
mer
.
•O
nm
ytr
ansa
tlant
icf
light
,Ib
roug
hto
nly
five
san
dwic
hes
with
me.
•I
rece
ived
the
lar
gest
tic
ker-
tape
par
ade
inN
ewY
ork
Cit
y’s
hist
ory.
Cha
rles
Lin
dber
ghb
ough
this
fir
sta
irpl
ane
in1
923
and
wor
ked
asa
bar
nsto
rmer
aro
und
the
coun
try.
He
earn
ed
man
yni
ckna
mes
,the
mos
tfam
ous
ofw
hich
was
“L
ucky
L
indy
.”
Whi
lew
orki
nga
san
air
mai
lpilo
tbet
wee
nC
hica
goa
ndS
t.L
ouis
,he
deci
ded
toc
ompe
tef
ora
$25
,000
pri
zeto
be
the
firs
tpe
rson
to
fly
nons
top
from
New
Yor
kC
ity
toP
aris
.O
nM
ay2
0,1
927,
Lin
dber
gh’s
pla
ne,t
heS
piri
t of
St.
Lou
is,
took
off
fro
mR
oose
velt
Fiel
din
Lon
gIs
land
,New
Yor
k,a
nd
land
ed3
31_ 2h
ours
late
rat
Le
Bou
rget
Aer
odro
me
inP
aris
.
Aft
erth
ish
eroi
cfl
ight
,Lin
dber
ghw
ash
onor
edw
itha
war
ds,
cele
brat
ions
,and
par
ades
.Pre
side
ntC
alvi
nC
oolid
geg
ave
Lin
dber
ghth
eco
ngre
ssio
nalM
edal
of
Hon
ora
ndth
eD
istin
-gu
ishe
dFl
ying
Cro
ss.L
indb
ergh
use
dhi
sfa
me
top
rom
ote
the
deve
lopm
ento
fco
mm
erci
ala
viat
ion.
Des
pite
the
fam
eth
ats
urro
unde
dth
em,t
heL
indb
ergh
str
ied
tole
ada
nor
mal
qui
etli
fe.H
owev
er,t
rage
dys
truc
kon
the
even
ing
ofM
arch
1,1
932,
whe
nth
eir
20-m
onth
-old
son
was
ki
dnap
ped
from
thei
rho
me
and
mur
dere
d.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 3Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tA
mel
ia E
arha
rtF
un F
acts
•T
oke
epw
arm
on
my
cold
flig
hta
cros
sth
ePa
cifi
c,I
br
ough
tac
onta
iner
of
hotc
hoco
late
.
•W
hile
fly
ing,
Io
ften
wor
edr
esse
sor
sui
tsin
stea
dof
typi
-ca
lfly
ing
gear
.Ia
lso
usua
llyw
ore
asc
arf
and
gogg
les.
•T
heU
.S.g
over
nmen
tspe
nt$
4m
illio
ntr
ying
tof
ind
me
afte
rm
ydi
sapp
eara
nce.
Am
elia
Ear
hart
’sf
irst
flig
ht,p
ilote
dby
Fra
nkH
awks
,was
the
begi
nnin
gof
her
dre
amto
mak
ehe
rm
ark
ina
viat
ion.
“B
yth
etim
eI
had
gott
wo
orth
ree
hund
red
feet
off
the
grou
nd,”
sh
esa
id,“
Ikn
ewI
had
tof
ly.”
Odd
jobs
,bor
row
edm
oney
,an
da
stro
ngd
esir
eto
suc
ceed
pus
hed
her
clos
erto
her
dre
am.
In1
921,
she
rec
eive
dhe
rpi
lot’
slic
ense
.In
June
192
8,
she
beca
me
the
firs
twom
anto
fly
acr
oss
the
Atla
ntic
as
apa
ssen
ger,
mak
ing
her
aw
orld
wid
ese
nsat
ion.
In
1932
,she
be
cam
eth
efi
rstw
oman
toc
ompl
ete
aso
lotr
ansa
tlant
ic
flig
ht.T
hen,
in
1935
,she
bec
ame
the
firs
tpe
rson
to
fly
solo
acr
oss
the
Paci
fic
Oce
an,f
rom
Haw
aiit
oC
alif
orni
a.
On
June
1,1
937,
Ear
hart
set
off
on
her
29,0
00-m
iletr
ip
arou
ndth
ew
orld
.By
June
29,
whe
nE
arha
rta
ndh
er
navi
gato
r,F
red
Noo
nan,
land
edin
Lae
,New
Gui
nea,
all
but7
,000
mile
sha
dbe
enc
ompl
eted
.On
July
2,E
arha
rt
and
Noo
nan
disa
ppea
red.
The
irla
str
epor
twas
rec
eive
dat
8:
45 A
.M.t
hatd
ay.T
heU
.S.g
over
nmen
trep
orte
dly
spen
t$4
mill
ion
sear
chin
gfo
rth
em.A
tthe
tim
e,it
was
the
mos
tex
pens
ive,
inte
nsiv
eai
r-an
d-se
ase
arch
inh
isto
ry.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 4Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tH
enry
For
dF
un F
acts
•T
hef
irst
car
Iin
vent
edu
sed
bicy
cle
tires
.
•I
built
and
dro
ver
ace
cars
ear
lyin
my
care
er.
•I
ran,
uns
ucce
ssfu
lly,f
orC
ongr
ess.
Hen
ryF
ord
had
alif
elon
gcu
rios
itya
ndf
asci
natio
nw
ith
mac
hine
ry.A
sa
youn
gm
an,h
ehe
lds
ever
aljo
bsa
sa
mec
h-an
ica
nda
ccep
ted
appr
entic
eshi
psw
ithc
arm
anuf
actu
ring
co
mpa
nies
.In
1896
,he
built
his
fir
ste
xper
imen
talc
ar,
calle
dth
eQ
uadr
icyc
le.I
tran
on
bicy
cle
tires
and
wei
ghed
on
ly5
00p
ound
s.I
n19
03,h
est
arte
dth
eFo
rdM
otor
C
ompa
ny,w
here
he
appl
ied
the
prin
cipa
lso
fan
ass
embl
ylin
eto
the
prod
uctio
nof
aut
omob
iles.
Eac
hca
rw
ase
xact
ly
the
sam
e,in
clud
ing
the
colo
r:b
lack
.
Thi
sm
ass
prod
uctio
nof
aut
omob
iles
allo
wed
his
car
sto
be
prod
uced
ata
ffor
dabl
epr
ices
.Bef
ore
Ford
’sM
odel
T,c
ars
wer
epr
oduc
edin
divi
dual
lya
ndc
osta
bout
$2,
000.
The
cos
tof
aM
odel
Tw
asle
ssth
an$
500,
mak
ing
itaf
ford
able
for
m
any
mor
efa
mili
es.T
his
help
edm
ake
Am
eric
ans
mor
em
obil
ean
dal
low
edf
ort
heg
row
tho
fne
wi
ndus
trie
s,s
uch
asg
ass
tatio
nsa
ndm
otel
s,th
ats
erve
dm
obile
Am
eric
ans.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 5Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tD
avid
Sar
noff
Fun
Fac
ts
•Pe
ople
cal
led
me
“the
Gen
eral
,”b
ecau
seI
ach
ieve
dth
at
rank
dur
ing
Wor
ldW
arI
I.
•I
spen
t72
hour
sre
layi
ng,b
yte
legr
aph,
the
nam
eso
fth
esu
rviv
ors
from
the
Tit
anic
.
•I
pred
icte
dth
ein
vent
ion
ofb
oth
colo
rte
levi
sion
and
the
vide
ocas
sette
rec
orde
r.
Dav
idS
arno
ff’s
fir
stta
ste
off
ame
cam
efr
omh
isjo
bas
a
wir
eles
ste
legr
aph
oper
ator
inN
ewY
ork
duri
ngth
eT
itan
ic
disa
ster
.Sar
noff
was
one
of
the
firs
tto
hear
and
rep
ortt
he
inci
dent
.He
spen
t72
hour
sst
raig
htr
epor
ting
the
nam
eso
fth
esu
rviv
ors
tor
elat
ives
and
the
med
ia.
Sarn
off
quic
kly
beca
me
ale
ader
inth
em
edia
indu
stry
,pr
opos
ing
new
idea
san
din
vent
ions
,suc
has
the
“rad
io
mus
icb
ox.”
Unt
ilth
isti
me,
rad
ios
wer
eus
edp
rim
arily
by
the
mili
tary
for
com
mun
icat
ion.
Sar
noff
pre
dict
edth
at
radi
osw
ould
soo
nbe
use
dfo
ren
tert
ainm
entp
urpo
ses.
In
192
0,th
eR
adio
Cor
pora
tion
ofA
mer
ica
(RC
A)
hire
dSa
rnof
fto
dev
elop
the
idea
.In
1921
,he
was
pro
mot
edto
ge
nera
lman
ager
and
then
,in
1930
,bec
ame
pres
iden
tof
the
com
pany
.His
vis
ion
and
pass
ion
brou
ghtr
adio
into
the
hom
eso
fm
any
Am
eric
ans.
RC
As
ales
ros
eco
nsid
erab
ly
duri
ngh
isti
me
ther
e.
Sarn
off
also
pus
hed
for
the
crea
tion
ofth
eN
atio
nalB
road
-ca
stin
gC
ompa
ny(
NB
C)
in1
926.
In
1928
,he
cocr
eate
dth
eR
adio
-Kei
the-
Orp
heum
(R
KO
)m
ovie
pro
duct
ion
com
pany
.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 6Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tC
harli
e C
hapl
inF
un F
acts
•In
my
film
s,I
oft
enw
ore
abo
wle
rha
t,a
dust
ysu
it,a
nda
sm
allb
lack
mus
tach
ean
dca
rrie
da
bam
boo
cane
.
•I
wro
te,d
irec
ted,
and
sta
rred
inm
osto
fm
yow
nfi
lms
and
even
com
pose
dth
em
usic
.
•I
cont
inue
dto
mak
esi
lent
film
sev
ena
fter
“ta
lkie
s”h
ad
beco
me
popu
lar.
Cha
rlie
Cha
plin
spe
ntm
uch
ofh
isy
outh
inL
ondo
nor
phan
ages
.Att
hea
geo
f10
,he
left
sch
oolt
ow
ork
inB
ritis
hva
udev
ille.
In
1913
,he
join
edK
eyst
one
Film
sin
New
Yor
kfo
r$1
50a
wee
k.B
y19
16,h
ew
ase
arni
ng$
10,0
00a
wee
k,
mak
ing
him
the
high
est-
paid
act
orin
the
wor
lda
ttha
ttim
e.
In1
914,
he
intr
oduc
edth
ech
arac
ter
that
was
tob
ecom
ehi
str
adem
ark:
the
Tra
mp.
Cha
rlie
Cha
plin
sum
med
up
the
Tra
mp’
spo
pula
rity
:
Whe
nhi
sho
pes,
his
dre
ams,
his
asp
irat
ions
van
ish,
he
only
sh
rugs
his
sho
ulde
rsa
ndtu
rns
onh
ish
eel.
Itis
rat
her
apa
rado
xto
adm
itth
atth
istr
agic
mas
kha
scr
eate
dm
ore
laug
hs
than
any
oth
erc
hara
cter
on
the
scre
eno
rst
age.
Thi
spr
oves
th
atla
ught
eris
ver
ycl
ose
tote
ars
and
vice
ver
sa.
Cha
plin
wro
te,d
irec
ted,
and
edi
ted
mos
tof
the
film
she
ap
pear
edin
.He
mad
em
any
ofth
efu
nnie
st,m
ostp
opul
ar
mov
ies
ofh
isti
me.
He
was
als
oon
eof
the
mos
tpop
ular
si
lent
film
sta
rs.B
yth
een
dof
his
car
eer,
he
owne
dhi
sow
nst
udio
and
had
cof
ound
edU
nite
dA
rtis
ts,a
mot
ion
pict
ure
prod
uctio
nan
ddi
stri
butio
nco
mpa
ny.A
199
5w
orld
wid
esu
rvey
of
film
cri
tics
nam
edh
imth
egr
eate
sta
ctor
in
mov
ieh
isto
ry.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 7Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tA
lice
Pau
lF
un F
acts
•In
col
lege
,Ic
halle
nged
trad
ition
alb
elie
fsa
bout
wom
enb
ypa
rtic
ipat
ing
inf
ield
hoc
key,
tenn
is,a
ndb
aske
tbal
l.
•I
chai
ned
mys
elf
toth
eW
hite
Hou
sef
ence
onc
ew
hile
pro
-te
stin
gfo
rw
omen
’ss
uffr
age.
•I
foug
htf
orw
omen
’ss
uffr
age
byg
oing
on
hung
ers
trik
es.
Alic
eSt
okes
Pau
lwas
ah
ighl
yed
ucat
edw
oman
with
six
col
-le
ged
egre
es.A
fter
hea
ring
aB
ritis
hsu
ffra
gette
spe
aker
in
Lon
don,
Pau
lwas
insp
ired
tojo
inth
eW
omen
’sS
ocia
land
Po
litic
alU
nion
inth
eU
nite
dSt
ates
.Due
toh
era
ctiv
ityin
this
or
gani
zatio
n,s
hew
asa
rres
ted
and
jaile
dth
ree
times
.Whi
lein
ja
il,s
hew
ento
nhu
nger
str
ikes
top
rote
stw
omen
not
hav
ing
the
righ
tto
vote
.
Paul
was
am
ajor
org
aniz
ero
fth
eU
.S.w
omen
’ss
uffr
age
mov
e-m
ent.
She
was
als
oon
eof
the
lead
ing
figu
res
resp
onsi
ble
for
pass
age
ofth
eN
inet
eent
hA
men
dmen
t.In
192
3,P
auld
raft
ed
the
equa
lri
ghts
am
endm
ent
(ER
A)
and
pres
ente
dit
at
the
ce
lebr
atio
nof
the
75th
ann
iver
sary
of
the
1848
Sen
eca
Falls
D
ecla
ratio
nof
Sen
timen
ts.T
hea
men
dmen
twas
as
impl
eon
e,
whi
chs
tate
d,“
Equ
ality
of
righ
tsu
nder
the
law
sha
llno
tbe
deni
edo
rab
ridg
edb
yth
eU
nite
dSt
ates
or
bya
nyS
tate
on
acco
unto
fse
x[g
ende
r].”
Paul
nev
ers
awth
eE
RA
bec
ome
law
.Alth
ough
itw
asin
tro-
duce
din
eve
rys
essi
ono
fC
ongr
ess
betw
een
1923
and
197
0,it
ne
ver
mad
eit
toth
efl
oor
for
disc
ussi
onu
ntil
1971
.Alth
ough
bo
thh
ouse
sof
Con
gres
sap
prov
edit
in1
972,
itf
ellt
hree
sta
tes
shor
tof
bein
gra
tifie
d.I
thas
sin
ceb
een
rein
trod
uced
ine
very
se
ssio
nof
Con
gres
ssi
nce
1982
.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 8Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tM
arga
ret
San
ger
Fun
Fac
ts
•I
was
atr
aine
dnu
rse
and
wor
ked
for
year
sin
New
Y
ork
City
.
•A
fter
bei
nga
rres
ted
in1
914,
Iju
mpe
dba
ilan
dfl
edto
E
ngla
ndf
ortw
oye
ars.
•I
star
ted
The
Wom
an R
ebel
,ar
adic
ally
fem
inis
tnew
spap
er.
Mar
gare
tSan
ger’
sm
othe
r,A
nne
Hig
gins
,die
dfr
omtu
ber-
culo
sis
atth
eag
eof
50.
Mar
gare
twas
the
sixt
hof
11
child
ren,
an
dsh
ebl
amed
her
mot
her’
sea
rly
deat
hon
her
fre
quen
tpr
egna
ncie
s.T
hatb
elie
fw
asth
edr
ivin
gfo
rce
behi
ndS
ange
r’s
grea
twor
kon
beh
alf
ofth
ew
omen
’sb
irth
con
trol
mov
emen
t.
By
1914
,San
ger
was
cha
lleng
ing
law
sth
atb
anne
ddi
stri
butio
nof
con
trac
eptiv
ein
form
atio
n.I
n19
16,s
heo
pene
dth
ena
tion
’sf
irst
bir
thc
ontr
olc
lini
cin
Bro
okly
n,N
ewY
ork.
A
fter
bei
ngin
bus
ines
son
lyn
ine
days
,the
clin
icw
asr
aide
d.
Sang
era
ndh
ers
taff
wer
epu
tin
jail.
In
1923
,San
ger
open
ed
the
natio
n’s
firs
tleg
alb
irth
con
trol
clin
ic.S
hela
ter
form
ed
aco
mm
ittee
tolo
bby
for
birt
hco
ntro
lleg
isla
tion
gran
ting
phys
icia
nsth
eri
ghtt
odi
stri
bute
con
trac
eptiv
esle
gally
.
Alth
ough
she
was
con
side
red
wild
lyr
adic
al,h
ere
ffor
tsa
nd
idea
spa
ved
the
way
for
mid
dle-
clas
svo
ices
tob
ehe
ard
and
for
less
cos
tly,m
ore
effe
ctiv
eco
ntra
cept
ives
tob
ecom
eav
aila
ble.
H
erw
ork
led
toth
e19
65S
upre
me
Cou
rtd
ecis
ion
Gri
swol
d v.
Con
nect
icut
,whi
chm
ade
birt
hco
ntro
lleg
alf
orm
arri
ed
coup
les—
ari
ghtt
hatw
ase
xten
ded
tou
nmar
ried
peo
ple
in
1972
.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 9Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tLo
uis
Arm
stro
ngF
un F
acts
•I
ofte
nw
ore
asu
itw
hile
pla
ying
the
trum
pet.
•B
ecau
seI
pla
yed
mor
eth
an3
00“
gigs
”a
year
and
tr
avel
edw
orld
wid
e,I
ear
ned
the
nick
nam
e“A
mba
ssad
or
Satc
h.”
•I
help
edw
rite
the
firs
teve
rau
tobi
ogra
phy
ofa
jazz
m
usic
ian,
Sw
ing
Tha
t M
usic
.
Jazz
mus
icia
nL
ouis
Arm
stro
ngw
asb
orn
into
ext
rem
epo
vert
yin
New
Orl
eans
.As
ach
ild,h
ew
ould
sin
gfo
rpe
nnie
sw
itho
ther
kid
sw
how
ande
red
the
New
Orl
eans
st
reet
s,tr
ying
toe
arn
mon
eyf
orf
ood.
He
taug
hth
imse
lf
top
lay
the
corn
et,a
bra
ssin
stru
men
tsim
ilar
toa
trum
pet.
He
play
edin
bra
ssb
ands
on
stea
mbo
ats
trav
elin
gal
ong
the
Mis
siss
ippi
Riv
er,o
ften
ent
erta
inin
gw
ealth
yw
hite
au
dien
ces.
As
ayo
ung
man
,he
trav
eled
toC
hica
goa
ndN
ew
Yor
k,p
layi
ngw
ithw
ell-
know
nba
ndle
ader
s.H
ela
ter
bega
nre
cord
ing
his
own
mus
ic.
Arm
stro
ngf
irst
ach
ieve
dfa
me
asa
cor
neta
ndtr
umpe
tpl
ayer
,and
his
impr
ovis
atio
nsw
ere
lege
ndar
y.A
shi
sca
reer
pro
gres
sed,
his
tale
nta
sa
jazz
voc
alis
tbec
ame
mor
eim
port
ant,
and
heis
rem
embe
red
for
his
grav
elly
voi
cea
nd
insp
irin
gdu
ets.
Arm
stro
ngis
oft
enr
emem
bere
dfo
rm
akin
gja
zzm
usic
wid
ely
popu
lar
tob
oth
whi
tea
nd
bl
ack
audi
ence
s.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 10Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tB
essi
e S
mith
Fun
Fac
ts
•I
ofte
nw
ore
long
eve
ning
gow
ns.
•T
heb
lues
son
gsI
san
gw
ere
ofte
nem
otio
nalr
espo
nses
to
ever
yday
eve
nts.
•Pe
ople
oft
enb
elie
ve,r
athe
rin
corr
ectly
,tha
tIb
led
to
deat
haf
ter
ana
uto
acci
dent
bec
ause
aw
hite
hos
pita
lre
fuse
dto
trea
tme
onth
eba
sis
ofth
eco
lor
ofm
ysk
in.
Bes
sie
Smith
isc
onsi
dere
don
eof
the
mos
tpop
ular
blu
es
sing
ers
ofa
lltim
e.S
hew
asb
orn
inC
hatta
noog
a,T
enne
ssee
,an
dw
aso
rpha
ned
byth
etim
esh
ew
asn
ine
year
sol
d.I
n19
12,s
hew
ash
ired
as
ada
ncer
ina
fam
ous
trav
elin
gsh
ow.
By
1920
,she
had
gai
ned
are
puta
tion
as
ape
rfor
mer
and
ha
dde
velo
ped
her
own
acti
nth
eva
udev
ille
circ
uit,
whi
ch
incl
uded
sin
ging
the
blue
s.I
nth
eea
rly
1920
s,b
lues
had
be
com
epo
pula
ren
ough
tos
ellr
ecor
ds.C
olom
bia
Rec
ords
si
gned
Sm
ithin
192
3.T
hrou
ghou
tthe
192
0s,s
hem
ade
and
sold
man
yre
cord
ings
,oft
enw
itho
ther
fam
ous
jazz
m
usic
ians
,lik
eL
ouis
Arm
stro
ng.S
mith
,kno
wn
asth
e“E
mpr
ess
ofth
eB
lues
,”w
aso
neo
fth
ebi
gges
tAfr
ican
A
mer
ican
sta
rso
fth
etim
e.S
heto
ured
and
per
form
ed
cons
tant
ly,w
hich
als
om
ade
her
one
ofth
ehi
ghes
tpai
dm
usic
ians
inth
ew
orld
,with
ar
epor
ted
sala
ryo
fm
ore
than
$2
,000
aw
eek.
Smith
was
pop
ular
with
bot
hbl
acks
and
whi
tes.
Her
bro
ad
sing
ing
rang
e,a
sw
ella
sth
eem
otio
nali
nten
sity
of
her
stag
epe
rfor
man
ces,
ser
ved
asin
spir
atio
nto
oth
erm
usic
ians
.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 11Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tLa
ngst
on H
ughe
sF
un F
acts
•W
hen
Iw
asy
oung
er,m
yjo
bsin
volv
ede
xten
sive
trav
el,
incl
udin
gse
rvin
gas
am
essb
oyo
nsh
ips
and
aco
oka
ta
Pari
sni
ghtc
lub.
•I
have
bee
nca
lled
the
“poe
tlau
reat
eof
the
Neg
ror
ace.
”
•In
my
imag
eon
the
“Bla
ckH
erita
ge”
U.S
.pos
tals
tam
p,
Iam
fea
ture
dw
eari
nga
fed
ora.
Lan
gsto
nH
ughe
sw
aso
neo
fth
em
ostp
rolif
icp
oets
and
no
velis
tso
fhi
stim
e.H
ebe
gan
wri
ting
poet
rya
sa
teen
ager
an
dw
asa
pub
lishe
dpo
etb
efor
ehe
ent
ered
col
lege
.His
un
happ
ych
ildho
oda
ndth
era
cist
tens
ions
of
the
time
serv
ed
asin
spir
atio
nfo
rm
any
ofh
isp
oem
s.
In1
925,
whi
lew
orki
nga
sa
busb
oyin
aW
ashi
ngto
n,
D.C
.,ho
tel,
hes
lippe
dth
ree
poem
sin
toth
eba
gof
Vac
hel
Lin
dsay
,ag
uest
of
the
hote
l.L
inds
ayw
asf
amou
sfo
rpu
blic
rea
ding
san
dpe
rfor
man
ces
ofp
oetr
y.H
isr
endi
tion
ofH
ughe
s’s
poem
sle
dto
an
enth
usia
stic
res
pons
efr
om
the
publ
ic,a
sw
ella
sa
scho
lars
hip
for
Hug
hes
atL
inco
ln
Uni
vers
ityin
Pen
nsyl
vani
a.B
yth
etim
eH
ughe
sgr
adua
ted,
he
had
pub
lishe
dtw
ovo
lum
eso
fpo
etry
and
one
of
pros
e.
Hug
hes
was
ver
yin
flue
ntia
lin
the
Har
lem
Ren
aiss
ance
.His
po
etry
and
fic
tion
ofte
nce
nter
edo
nth
eliv
eso
fw
orki
ng-
clas
sbl
ack
Am
eric
ans,
por
tray
ing
thei
rst
rugg
les
and
joys
.A
lthou
ghh
ew
asa
ndc
ontin
ues
tob
epo
pula
rw
ithb
oth
blac
ksa
ndw
hite
s,H
ughe
sha
sse
rved
as
anin
spir
atio
nto
ge
nera
tions
of
Afr
ican
Am
eric
anw
rite
rsa
nda
rtis
ts.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 12Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tF.
Sco
tt F
itzge
rald
Fun
Fac
ts
•M
yw
ife
Zel
daa
ndI
oft
end
idw
acky
stu
nts,
like
bat
hing
fu
llyc
loth
edin
aN
ewY
ork
City
fou
ntai
n.
•I
once
dec
orat
edm
yro
omw
ith1
22r
ejec
tion
slip
s
from
pub
lishe
rs.
•M
yst
orie
sin
Tal
es o
f th
e Ja
zz A
gep
ortr
ayed
the
wild
yo
uth
and
the
lavi
sh,p
arty
ing
lifes
tyle
of
the
1920
s.
F.S
cott
Fitz
gera
ld’s
suc
cess
as
aw
rite
rca
me
ata
nea
rly
age.
He
bega
nne
glec
ting
his
stud
ies
whi
lea
tPri
ncet
onin
fa
vor
ofw
ritin
g.H
eth
end
ropp
edo
uto
fco
llege
and
enl
iste
din
the
arm
ydu
ring
Wor
ldW
arI
,alth
ough
the
war
end
ed
befo
reh
ew
asto
be
sent
ove
rsea
s.H
ew
rote
his
fir
stn
ovel
du
ring
that
tim
e.T
his
Side
of
Par
adis
ew
asp
ublis
hed
and
won
him
ove
rnig
htf
ame
and
fort
une.
His
wri
ting
was
pri
mar
ilya
soc
ialh
isto
ryo
fth
eJa
zzA
ge.
He
wro
te,“
Itw
asa
nag
eof
mir
acle
s,it
was
an
age
ofa
rt,
itw
asa
nag
eof
exc
ess,
and
itw
asa
nag
eof
sat
ire.
”H
is
seco
ndn
ovel
,The
Bea
utif
ul a
nd D
amne
d,w
asp
opul
ara
tth
etim
e.H
owev
er,i
twas
his
thir
dno
vel,
The
Gre
at G
atsb
y,
that
sec
ured
him
ap
lace
as
one
ofA
mer
ica’
sm
oste
ndur
ing
wri
ters
.
Alt
houg
hF
itzg
eral
dm
ade
ago
odl
ivin
gfr
omh
isw
riti
ng,
hea
ndh
isw
ife
lived
ext
rava
gant
ly,r
entin
gbe
autif
ulh
omes
an
dpa
rtyi
nga
ndtr
avel
ing
exte
nsiv
ely.
By
the
mid
-193
0s,
Fitz
gera
ldw
asa
nal
coho
lic,i
nde
bt,a
ndu
nabl
eto
wri
te.
Des
pite
his
end
urin
gle
gacy
,Fitz
gera
ldd
ied
belie
ving
hi
mse
lfa
fai
lure
.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 13Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tG
eorg
ia O
’Kee
ffe
Fun
Fac
ts
•M
ybo
ldp
aint
ings
wer
eof
ten
clos
e-up
sof
flo
wer
sor
pa
rts
off
low
ers.
•T
houg
hI
was
bor
nin
Wis
cons
in,I
live
dm
osto
fm
ylif
ein
New
Yor
kan
dN
ewM
exic
o.
•In
col
lege
,Ijo
ined
Kap
paD
elta
sor
ority
.Ia
mn
owc
on-
side
red
thei
rm
ostf
amou
sal
umna
.
One
of
the
grea
test
art
ists
of
the
20th
cen
tury
,Geo
rgia
O
’Kee
ffe’
sna
tura
ltal
entw
asr
ecog
nize
dan
den
cour
aged
ea
rly
inh
erli
fe.S
hes
tudi
eda
tthe
Art
Ins
titut
eof
Chi
cago
an
dth
eA
rtS
tude
nts
Lea
gue
inN
ewY
ork.
Aft
erin
itial
suc
-ce
ss,s
hes
topp
edp
aint
ing,
bel
ievi
ngs
hec
ould
nev
era
chie
ve
grea
tnes
sw
orki
ngw
ithin
the
conf
ines
of
trad
ition
ala
rt.F
our
year
sla
ter,
aft
era
sum
mer
cou
rse
for
artt
each
ers
that
intr
o-du
ced
her
toa
new
met
hod
ofa
ppro
achi
nga
rt,O
’Kee
ffe
bega
npa
intin
gag
ain,
this
tim
eus
ing
mor
eab
stra
ctm
etho
ds.
Inth
em
id-1
920s
,O’K
eeff
ebe
gan
pain
ting
flow
ers
upc
lose
.T
hese
hav
ebe
com
ehe
rm
ostf
amou
sw
orks
.Nat
ure
and
the
envi
ronm
enta
ffec
ted
her
wor
kpr
ofou
ndly
.Whe
ther
pa
intin
ga
flow
er,a
sky
scra
per,
or
the
sout
hwes
tern
hor
izon
,sh
esu
cces
sful
lyu
sed
mag
nifi
catio
nan
dge
omet
ric
patte
rns
inh
era
rt.H
erw
ork
isd
escr
ibed
as
calm
and
mys
tical
.It
seem
sdr
iven
by
emot
ion
and
pass
ion.
O’K
eeff
ew
ash
eavi
lyin
flue
nced
by,
and
had
an
infl
uenc
eon
,the
mod
ern
artm
ovem
ento
fth
e19
20s.
She
con
tinue
dto
pr
oduc
ear
tint
ohe
r90
san
dre
mai
nsa
nin
spir
atio
nto
art
ists
.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 14Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tJi
m T
horp
eF
un F
acts
•M
yN
ativ
eA
mer
ican
nam
e,W
a-T
ho-H
uk,m
eans
“B
righ
tPat
h.”
•In
hig
hsc
hool
,Ip
laye
dfo
otba
llan
dra
ntr
ack.
•I
won
two
gold
med
als
inth
e19
12O
lym
pics
and
was
ca
lled
“the
gre
ates
tath
lete
inth
ew
orld
.”
In1
912,
att
hea
geo
f25
,Jim
Tho
rpe
won
gol
dm
edal
sin
the
pent
athl
ona
ndd
ecat
hlon
att
heO
lym
pics
inS
wed
en.U
pon
retu
rnin
gto
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es,T
horp
ew
ash
onor
edw
itha
tic
ker-
tape
par
ade
inN
ewY
ork
City
.The
nex
tyea
r,n
ews-
pape
rre
port
scl
aim
edth
atT
horp
eha
dbe
enp
aid
for
play
ing
min
orle
ague
bas
ebal
l,vi
olat
ing
the
stri
ctr
ules
of
amat
eur
stat
usf
orth
eO
lym
pics
.The
Am
ateu
rA
thle
ticU
nion
and
the
Inte
rnat
iona
lOly
mpi
cC
omm
ittee
vot
edto
rev
oke
his
gold
m
edal
san
dre
mov
ehi
sna
me
from
the
reco
rdb
ooks
.
Tho
rpe
wen
ton
top
lay
prof
essi
onal
bas
ebal
lbef
ore
mov
-in
gin
top
rofe
ssio
nalf
ootb
all.
He
help
edf
orm
the
Am
eric
an
Prof
essi
onal
Foo
tbal
lAss
ocia
tion
(lat
erto
bec
ome
the
NFL
)an
dse
rved
as
itsf
irst
pre
side
ntin
192
0.B
etw
een
1920
and
19
28,T
horp
epl
ayed
on
six
prof
essi
onal
foo
tbal
ltea
ms
and
play
ed5
2N
FLg
ames
bef
ore
retir
ing
atth
eag
eof
41.
His
pro
fess
iona
lspo
rts
care
erin
the
1920
sev
entu
ally
ear
ned
him
suc
haw
ards
as
“Mos
tOut
stan
ding
Ath
lete
of
the
Firs
tH
alf
ofth
e20
thC
entu
ry”
and
“Ath
lete
of
the
Cen
tury
”fr
om
AB
C’s
Wid
e W
orld
of
Spor
ts.I
n19
82,2
9ye
ars
afte
rhi
sde
ath,
Tho
rpe’
sO
lym
pic
title
sw
ere
rest
ored
and
his
nam
ew
asp
utb
ack
into
the
reco
rdb
ooks
.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 15Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
S t u d e n t H a n d o u tG
ertr
ude
Ede
rleF
un F
acts
•I
won
ag
old
and
two
bron
zem
edal
sat
the
1924
Oly
mpi
cs.
•I
had
toc
oatm
ysel
fw
ithlo
tso
fla
nolin
dur
ing
my
swim
ac
ross
the
Eng
lish
Cha
nnel
.
•A
sa
resu
ltof
ear
dam
age
that
Ig
otd
urin
gm
ysw
im
acro
ssth
eE
nglis
hC
hann
el,I
eve
ntua
llyb
ecam
ede
af.
Att
hea
geo
f14
,Ger
trud
e“T
rudy
”E
derl
ede
mon
stra
ted
her
long
-dis
tanc
esw
imm
ing
abili
ties
byd
efea
ting
51o
ther
w
omen
ina
31_ 2-
mile
rac
e.B
yth
eag
eof
17,
she
hel
d18
w
orld
sw
imm
ing
reco
rds
and
was
am
embe
rof
the
U.S
.O
lym
pic
swim
min
gte
am.I
nth
e19
24O
lym
pics
,she
com
-pe
ted
ina
llfi
ves
wim
min
gev
ents
that
wer
eop
ento
wom
en,
win
ning
ag
old
and
two
bron
zem
edal
s.T
hef
ollo
win
gye
ar,
she
swam
fro
mth
eB
atte
ry,i
nlo
wer
Man
hatta
n,to
San
dy
Hoo
k,N
ewJ
erse
y.S
hem
ade
the
21-m
iles
wim
in7
hou
rs
11m
inut
es,b
eatin
gth
em
en’s
rec
ord.
By
that
tim
e,s
he
alre
ady
held
29
natio
nala
ndw
orld
rec
ords
.
Ede
rle
ism
ostf
amou
sfo
rbe
ing
the
firs
twom
anto
sw
im
acro
ssth
eE
nglis
hC
hann
el.H
ers
econ
dat
tem
ptw
ass
uc-
cess
ful,
desp
itew
ind,
rai
n,a
ndh
eavy
sw
ells
.She
com
plet
ed
the
trip
in1
4ho
urs
31m
inut
es,s
hatte
ring
the
exis
ting
reco
rd,w
hich
had
bee
nse
tby
am
an,b
yne
arly
2h
ours
.
Ede
rle
was
am
ong
the
firs
tfem
ale
athl
etes
top
rove
that
w
omen
wer
ene
ither
phy
sica
llyin
feri
orto
men
nor
inca
-pa
ble
ofh
eavy
phy
sica
lact
ivity
.Her
det
erm
inat
ion
and
hard
w
ork
illu
stra
ted
that
wom
enc
ould
ach
ieve
gre
atne
ssi
nth
esp
orts
are
na.
©Teachers’CurriculumInstitute 16Popular Culture in the Roaring twenties
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