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introduction To live on this earth water is an essential part of life.

Water comprises of around 75% of the earth and isalso essential for the aquatic species.

First people were hunter-gatherers and they had anability to live off the earth minimally affecting it. But asthere was a shift to agricultural societies (which began10,000-12,000 years ago), resources were exploited,and worsened as the industrial societies (which began275 years ago) start to emerge.

To satisfy the needs for these societies water becamean essential part.

One of the ways people came up with was halting theflow of the river and storing water for the coming future,which can be termed as building a dam.

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Why Dams? Water is essential for to sustain all life

Population movements & increase

required water provided year round inremote areas

Water collection and utilization is

important Provide water for irrigation, industries

and domestic use

Ability to sustain drough and dry

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Grand Coulee Dam (USA)-Project Status: Completed-Project Size: 170m high, 6809 MW

Sardar Sarovar Dam (India)-Project Status: Under Construction

-Project Size: 155m high, 1,450 MW

Three Gorges Dam (China)

-Project Status: Under Construction- Project Size: 185m high, capacity 20,900MW

Dams-Examples

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By the end of the 20th century, therewere 45,000 large dams built in 150

countries International Commission on largedams (ICOLD)

Dam building has in last 4 decadesresulted in annual displacement of

4 million people Approximately 1,700 dams are being

built, at cost of about 50 million

dollars per year World Commission onDams WCD

Dams-Statistics

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For human water needs

To provide good irrigation

To meet requirements of industries

To reduce the discharge of water at the

time of floods

To generate hydro-electric power

To increase the depth of water in a river

to make navigation easy

Dams-Advantages

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Sociological

- Indigenous people affected

- Loss of ecosystems

- Loss of species

Economical

- Agriculture

- Power Generation- Water supply

Dams- Impacts

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Indias History with DamsAccording to the World Commission on dams:

Over the last 50 years, India has built more than 1500 large dams.

70% of the irrigation projects are still incomplete

16 million Indian people have been forced from their homes because

of these dams. of these people were not rehabilitated

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Now lets go find out about the Narmada

River in India

http://www.sardarsarovardam.org/ph_dam/ph_dam.htm

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Narmada means ever-delightful, one of the holiest rivers inthe country of India

they say that even the site of the river will cleanse all ofyour sins

The Narmada River

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Sardar Sarovar Dam(India)

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Will irrigate approximately 1.8 million hectares ofland

Will provide water for drought prone regions of

kutchh and parts of Rajasthan Will increase in agricultural activities

Due to the generation of electricity (1450

MW) resulting into opening of new

industries

Will provide jobs to local people

Sardar Sarovar Dam(India)Positive Impacts

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Substantial environmental impact resultedin World Bank pullout

Disturbance of the ecosystem of the river

Inundation of land including forested areas

Loss of indigenous peoples rights-oncompensation for land or livelihood

Will submerge 37,533 hectares of land intotal, which includes forest cover andindigenous people's land

Sardar Sarovar Dam(India)Negative Impacts

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Careful planning throughout the site

selection, design, and construction of

dams is critical

Though main objectives of water supply,

electricity generation or flood control are

important the sociological impact should

be considered Economic incentive should be weighed

against Sociological impacts

Dam-Conclusion

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Question

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