The T ASeAn r Faseanregionalforum.asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/...2006/07/17 · 430 A S e...

The ThirTeenTh

ASeAn regionAl ForumKuAlA lumpur, mAlAySiA, 28 July 2006

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ChAirmAn’S STATemenT

The ThirTeenTh ASeAn regionAl Forum

KuAlA lumpur, mAlAySiA, 28 July 2006

1. TheThirteenthMeetingoftheASEANRegionalForum(ARF)wasconvenedon28July2006 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Meeting was chaired by H.E. Dato’ Seri SyedHamidAlbar,MinisterofForeignAffairsofMalaysia.

2. TheMeetingwasattendedby theForeignMinistersofallARFParticipants,aswellasthe European Union High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy.TheSecretary-GeneralofASEANwasalsoinattendance.TheListofDelegatesappearsasANNEX1.

3. Ameetingofthedefenseandmilitaryofficialsattendingthe13thARFwasalsoheldon27July2006inKualaLumpur.

4. TheMinisterswelcomedtheadmissionofBangladeshasthe26thParticipantoftheARFandtooknoteofitsexpressedcommitmenttocontributetotheattainmentoftheARF’sgoalsandtoabidebyandsubscribetoallthedecisionsandstatementsalreadymadebytheARF.

OverviewoftheARFProcess

5. TheMinistersreaffirmedtheimportanceoftheARFasthemainmultilateralpoliticalandsecurityforumintheregionandagreedtoitsfurtherstrengthening.TheMinistersreiteratedtheirsupportforASEANastheprimarydrivingforceoftheARFandencouragedthecontinuedcooperationandcontributionofall theARFparticipants inmoving theARFprocessforwardinitsevolutiontowardthenextstageofitsdevelopment.

6. TheMinistersnotedwith satisfaction the significant progress of theARFand the rolethatithasplayedinenhancingpoliticalandsecuritydialogueandcooperationaswellas confidence building in the Asia-Pacific region. The Ministers agreed to continueto observe in good faith the basic principles of decision-making by consensus andnon-interference. In this regard, the Ministers reaffirmed that the ARF should moveforwardatapacecomfortabletoall.

7. TheMinistersheldcomprehensivediscussionsonissuesofcommonconcernandstressedthe need for the ARF to focus its deliberations on regional issues, particularly in the

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T h e T h i r T e e n T h A S e A n r e g i o n A l F o r u m

Asia-Pacificregion,aswellasinternationalissueswithregionalimpact.TheMinistersrecognizedthatthechallengesfacingtheAsiaPacificregionarebecomingmorecomplexandinterrelatedandrequiregreaterregionalcooperation.

HighlightsofDiscussionsonRegionalandInternationalSecurityIssues

8. TheMinistersexpressedtheircondolencestotheGovernmentandpeopleoftheRepublicof Indonesia for the loss of lives and property caused by the earthquake that struckJogjakarta and Central Java, Indonesia in May 2006, as well as the tsunami that hitthe Southern Coast of Java, Indonesia on 17 July 2006. The Ministers underlined theimportance of ARF partners working together and of coordinating their efforts withother relevant regional and international partners, including the UN Office for theCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairsinemergencypreparedness,relief,rehabilitationand reconstruction, including disaster risk reduction, through the implementation oftheHyogoFrameworkforActioninaddressingdisastersofallkinds.

9. TheMinistersexpressedtheirsupportforandweregratifiedwiththesignificantprogressmade in the implementationof theASEANSecurityCommunityPlanof Actionunderthe Vientiane Action Programme adopted at the 10th ASEAN Summit. The Ministersemphasisedtheneedtoheightencooperationinthesecuritysphereineffortstopreserveand further advance the region towards peace, stability, democracy, and prosperity.TheMinistersalsowelcomedthesuccessfulconveningoftheASEANDefenseMinisters’MeetinginKualaLumpuron9May2006.

10. TheMinistersreaffirmedtheimportanceofthepurposesandprinciplesoftheTreatyofAmityandCooperationinSoutheastAsia(TAC),whichtheARFparticipantsregardasanimportantcodeofconductgoverninginter-staterelationsinSoutheastAsiaandforthepromotionofcooperation,amityandfriendshipwithinSoutheastAsiaandbetweenASEANandotherARFparticipants.TheMinisterswelcomedtheaccessionofAustraliato the TAC during the 11th ASEAN Summit on 10 December 2005 in Kuala Lumpur.TheaccessionbyAustraliaisfurthertestimonyofthecontinuedrelevanceoftheTACincontributingtoregionalpeace,securityandstability.

11. The Ministers welcomed the decision by France to accede to the TAC. The MinisterswelcomedtheEU’sintentiontoaccedetotheTAC.

12. TheMinistersexchangedviewsondevelopmentsintheKoreanPeninsula.TheMinistersemphasizedthatthedenuclearizationoftheKoreanPeninsulaisessentialinmaintainingpeaceandstabilityintheAsiaPacificregion,andvoicedsupportforthepeacefulresolutionof the nuclear issue through dialogue. The Ministers reaffirmed their support for theJointStatementontheDenuclearizationoftheKoreanPeninsulaunanimouslyadoptedon19September2005attheSix-PartyTalksinBeijingandstressedtheimportanceof


the observance and early implementation of the Joint Statement. The Ministers alsocalleduponallpartiesconcernedtoresumetheSix-PartyTalkswithoutpreconditions.TheMinisterswelcomedtheinformaldiscussionamongsomeARFparticipantsonthesituationinNortheastAsiainKualaLumpuron28July2006andexpressedtheirhopethatthiscouldcontributetowardstheearlyresumptionoftheSix-PartyTalks.

13. MostMinistersexpressedconcernoverthetest-firingofmissilesbytheDPRKon5July2006andbelieved that such tests couldhaveadverse repercussionsonpeace, stabilityandsecurityintheregion.TheMinistersnotedtheunanimousadoptionofUNSecurityCouncilresolution1695on15July2006andtherejectionofthisresolutionbytheDPRK.TheMinistersurgedtheDPRKinthisregardtore-establishitsmoratoriumonmissiletesting.

14. Some Ministers expressed their grave concern over the deteriorating situation andunabatedviolenceintheMiddleEast,particularlythedisproportionate,indiscriminateand excessive use of force in the Occupied Palestinian Territories and in Lebanon.TheseactionswouldgravelythreatenanyeffortstowardsrevivingthePeaceProcess.

15. TheMinisterscondemnedallactsofterror,violenceanddestructionthathaveresultedin injuryanddeathof innocentciviliansand thedestructionof civilianpropertyandinfrastructure.TheMinistersurgedallpartiestoexerciseutmostrestraint,inparticular,toavoidadditionalcasualtiesamonginnocentciviliansanddamagetocivilianpropertyandinfrastructureandtorefrainfromactsthatcouldfurtherexacerbatethesituation.

16. TheMinisterstooknoteofthevariousinitiativesbeingundertakentoendtheconflict.Inthisregard,theMinistersacknowledgedtheconveningoftheInternationalConferenceontheSituationintheMiddleEastinRomeon26July2006.

17. SomeMinisterscalled foraceasefireandurged the internationalcommunityand theUnitedNationsSecurityCouncil(UNSC)togetallpartiesintheconflictstoadheretotheceasefireandultimatelytoworktowardsajust,durableandcomprehensivepeaceintheregion.

18. TheMinistersstressedthatanegotiatedoutcomewastheonlywaytoensurelong-termpeace,securityandstabilityintheregion.Theyreaffirmedthecallforthestrictrespectofthesovereignty,territorialintegrity,unityandpoliticalindependenceofLebanonunderthe soleand exclusiveauthorityof theGovernmentof Lebanonas stipulated inUNSCResolutions1664and1680.TheMinistersalsourgedIsraelandPalestine toreturntothepeaceprocessand implementationof theQuartetPerformance-BasedRoadmaptoaPermanentTwo-StateSolutiontotheIsraeli-PalestinianConflictasoutlinedinUNSCResolution1515.



19. TheMinistersexchangedviewsontherecentdevelopmentsinMyanmar.TheMinistersexpressed concern on the pace of the national reconciliation process and hope to seetangibleprogressthatwouldleadtopeacefultransitiontodemocracyinthenearfuture.TheMinistersreiteratedtheircallsfortheearlyreleaseofthoseplacedunderdetentionandforeffectivedialoguewithallpartiesconcerned.TheMinistersnotedthatthisissuehas been discussed extensively by the 39th AMM and in this regard, they expressedsupport for the constructive role taken by the Chairman of the 39th ASEAN StandingCommitteeandfurtherdiscussedtheoutcomeofhisvisittoMyanmaron23-24March2006.TheMinistersalsonotedtheinitiativetakenbytheUnitedNationsUndersecretaryGeneralforPoliticalAffairs,whovisitedMyanmaron18-20May2006andMyanmar’sreadinesstoreceiveanothervisitbyhim.

20. TheMinistersrecognizedthatMyanmarneedsbothtimeandpoliticalspacetodealwithitsmanyandcomplexchallenges.TheMinistersexpressedtheirhopethatMyanmar’seffortstodealwiththosechallengeswillprogresssothatMyanmarcaneffectivelyengagetheinternationalcommunity,andinthisregardtheARFwouldremainconstructivelyengagedasrequired.

21. The Ministers congratulated H.E. José Luis Guterres, Minister of Foreign Affairs andCooperationofTimorLeste,onhisrecentappointment.TheMinisterstooknoteoftherecentpositivedevelopmentsinTimorLesteandwelcomedtheimmediateassistancefromMalaysia,Australia,NewZealandandPortugaltodeploydefenseandsecurityforcestoTimorLeste.TheMinisterswelcomedtheappointmentofthenewPrimeMinisterandCabinetandtheirdesiretoworkexpeditiouslytowardsnormalisingthesituationinthecountry.

22. The Ministers welcomed the steps taken by ASEAN and China towards the fullimplementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea(DOC)includingtheconveningofthetwoWorkingGroupMeetingswhichwereheldinManila,PhilippinesandHainan,ChinainAugust2005andFebruary2006respectively.TheMinistersnotedtheASEAN-ChinaSOMontheimplementationoftheDOC,inSiemReap, Cambodia on 30 May 2006 to accelerate the implementation of the DOC. TheMinisters expressed their hope that with the implementation of the DOC, ASEAN andChina would move towards the eventual adoption of a Code of Conduct for the SouthChinaSea.

23. TheMinisterswereencouragedbythedeterminationoftheIraqisintakingimportantstepsinthepoliticalprocesstowardsreconciliationandthebuildingofademocraticandindependentfutureofIraq.TheMinisterswelcomedtheelectionthattookplaceinIraqon15December2005toelectmembersoftheIraqiParliament.TheMinisterswelcomedtheformationofagovernmentofnationalunityinIraqon20May2006.

24. TheMinistersexpressedthehopethatthepositivedevelopmentsinthepoliticalprocesswillleadtoaneasingofthehardshipfacedbyordinaryIraqis.Inthisregard,theMinisters


expressed concern over the security condition in Iraq, and condemned the continuedattacks on civilians and places of worship. The Ministers urged the Iraqi authoritiesand others to do all they could with the aim of improving the security situation inIraq. TheMinisters welcomed the 25th June 2006 Iraqi National Reconciliation PlanannouncedbyPrimeMinisterNuriAl-Malikiandurgedall Iraqis towork together toresolvepoliticaldifferencesthroughpeacefuldemocraticmeans.

25.The Ministers strongly condemned the terrorist attacks in Mumbai on 11 July 2006that caused tragic loss of innocent life and damage to property, and expressed theirdeepest sympathy and condolences to the victims of the attack, their families andfriends.TheMinistersreaffirmedthatterrorism,irrespectiveofitsorigins,motivationsorobjectives,constitutesathreattoallpeoplesandcountries,andthecommoninterestof the international community in ensuring peace, stability, security and economicprosperity.

26. TheMinistersalsoreiteratedtheirstrongcondemnationofterrorisminallitsformsandmanifestationsandagreedthatterrorismshouldnotbeassociatedwithanyparticularreligion or ethnic group. Some Ministers emphasized the need to address the rootcauses of terrorism. The Ministers expressed support and further called for continuedinternational efforts to enhance dialogue and broaden the understanding amongcivilisationstopreventtheindiscriminatetargetingofdifferentreligionsandcultures.Inthisregard,theMinisterstooknoteofdiscussionsduringthe4thARFInter-SessionalMeetingonCounter-TerrorismandTransnationalCrime(ISMonCTTC)inBeijingon26-28April2006.TheMinistersalsoreaffirmedtheircommitmenttoprevent,suppressandeliminateinternationalterrorismconsistentwiththeCharteroftheUnitedNationsandotheruniversallyrecognizedinternationallaw.

27. The Ministers welcomed the signing of the ASEAN-Canada Joint Declaration forCooperationtoCombatInternationalTerrorismduringthe13thARFon28July2006inKualaLumpurandtheplannedimplementationoftheactivitiesidentifiedtherein.

28. TheMinistersalsoexpressedsupportandcalledforcontinuedcooperationbetweentheregional centres on counter-terrorism such as the Southeast Asia Regional Centre forCounter-Terrorism (SEARCCT) in Kuala Lumpur, the International Law EnforcementAcademy(ILEA)inBangkok,andtheJakartaCentreforLawEnforcementCooperation( JCLEC)inSemarang,Indonesia.

29. The Ministers recognized that the illegal use of small arms and light weapons stillconstituteaseriousthreat tohumansecurity ineverypartof theworld.TheMinistersnotedwithsatisfactiontheARF’sstrongcommitmenttoworktowardtheimplementationoftheUnitedNationsProgrammeofActiontoPrevent,CombatandEradicatetheIllicitTrade in Small Arms and Light Weapons, as well as United Nations resolution 60/81.



In this regard, the Ministers emphasized the importance of the recommendationsmadebytheARFCBMSeminaronSmallArmsandLightWeaponsinPhnomPenhon2-4November2005.

30. The Ministers reaffirmed the importance of strengthening controls of the transfer ofman-portable air defense systems (MANPADS), to help prevent these weapons beingacquired or used by terrorist or other non-state groups. The Ministers noted that theproliferationoftheseweaponstonon-stategroupsposedathreattointernationalcivilaviationandtoallcountriesintheregion.

31. The Ministers welcomed the ARF’s continuing focus on the issue of Maritime Security andreaffirmedtheimportanceofaddressingthisissuewithinacooperativeframeworkthatrespectstherightsoflittoralstatesandthelegitimateconcernsofuserstates.TheMinistersalsowelcomedtheMeetinginBatam,Indonesiafrom1-2August2005wheretheForeignMinistersofthelittoralstatesoftheStraitsofMalaccareiteratedthefundamentalprinciplesinthemanagementoftheStraitsofMalaccaaimedatensuringthesafetyofnavigation,environmentalprotectionandmaritimesecurity,whilemaintainingthebalancebetweenthesovereignrightsoflittoralstatesandthelegitimateinterestsoftheinternationalcommunity.TheMinistersfurtherwelcomedtheconcurrentmeetingoftheChiefsofDefenseForcesofthethreelittoralstatesandThailandfrom1-2August2005 inKualaLumpuronenhancingmaritimesecuritycooperationamongthearmedforcesofthefourcountries.TheMinistersalsowelcomedtheJakartaMeetingontheStraitsofMalaccaandSingaporethatwashostedbyIndonesiaandtheInternationalMaritimeOrganization(IMO)on7-8September2005onenhancingsafety,security,andenvironmentalprotection.

32. TheMinistersstatedthattheproliferationofweaponsofmassdestruction(WMD)andtheir delivery systems, including potentially to terrorists, remained a serious securitychallenge.TheMinistersurgedallStatestobecomepartiestothetwomostrecentuniversalinstrumentstocombatnuclearterrorism;namely,theInternationalConventionfortheSuppressionofActsofNuclearTerrorism,adoptedbytheUNGeneralAssemblyon13April2005, and the Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of NuclearMaterial, adopted on 8 July 2005 in Vienna. The Ministers welcomed the adoption ofUNSCresolution1673inwhichtheSecurityCouncilreiteratedtherequirementsofUNSCresolution 1540, thereby reaffirming the international community’s determination toprevent the proliferation of WMD, including in particular to non-state actors. In thisrespect, they expressed their support for the efforts of the 1540 Committee and calleduponallStatestoensureeffectiveandfullimplementationoftheResolution.

33. TheMinistersoftheStatesPartiestotheNon-ProliferationTreaty(NPT),reaffirmingthevalidityoftheTreatyasacornerstoneofglobalstabilityandsecurity,expressedtheneedforundertakingfurthereffortstostrengthentheNPT,bearinginmindthediscussionsat


the2005ReviewConferenceandagreedtomakefurthereffortstostrengthencompliancewith and enforcement of all provisions of the Treaty. The Ministers reiterated theircontinuedsupportfortheimportantroleoftheNPTandtheInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency(IAEA)inpreventingnuclearproliferationandpromotingnucleardisarmamentaswellaspeacefuluseofnuclearenergy.

34. TheMinisterscalledforthemaintenanceofexistingmoratoriaonnucleartestingandontheproductionoffissilematerialforweaponspurposes.Theyreaffirmedtheirsupportfor the concept of internationally recognized nuclear-weapons-free zones (NWFZs)establishedonthebasisofarrangements freelyarrivedatamongStates intheregionsconcerned and emphasized the contribution of such zones to enhancing global andregional peace and security. The Ministers also further reaffirmed the importance ofcontinuedconsultationontheProtocoloftheSoutheastAsiaNuclearWeaponFreeZone(SEANWFZ)TreatybetweenthenuclearweaponstatesandthepartiestotheTreaty.

35. TheMinistersagreedthatavianandpandemicinfluenzacontinuestoposeasignificantpotential threat to countries in the region. The Ministers recognized the importanceofworkingwithexistingmultilateralorganizations to ensure thatanyARF initiativescomplementratherthanduplicateexistinginitiatives.TheMinistersagreedthatitwasimportantthatstatesarecommittedtotransparencyinthereportingofinfluenzacasesin humans and in animals, prompt sharing of epidemiological data with the WHO,capacitybuildingtopreventandcontainemergingepidemics,andearlyinterventioninresponsetopotentialoutbreaks.

ReviewofActivitiesoftheCurrentInter-SessionalYear( July2005-July2006)

36. TheMinistersexpressed their satisfactionwith the successofTrack landTrack IIactivitiesthat have taken place during the current inter-sessional year (July 2005-July 2006). Theycommended the work of the ARF Inter-sessional Support Group on Confidence BuildingMeasures&PreventiveDiplomacy(ISGonCBMs&PD),co-chairedbythePhilippinesandtheUnitedStates,andheldinHonolulu,USA,on26-28October2005andinManila,Philippines,on1-3March2006.TheMinistersnotedthesummaryreportoftheco-chairsandendorsedtheirrecommendations.TheCo-Chairs’ReportsappearsasANNEX2.

37. TheMinisterswelcomedthecontributionsmadebydefenseofficialsintheARFprocess.Inthisregard,theMinisterswerepleasedwiththeoutcomeoftheThirdASEANRegionalForum Security Policy Conference (ASPC) hosted by Malaysia in Karambunai, Sabahon18May2006.Theynotedwithsatisfactionthatthehigh-levelinteractionamongtheARFdefensepolicyofficialshadcontributedfurthertobuildingconfidenceandfosteringmutualunderstanding,thuscontributingtothemaintenanceofpeaceandstabilityintheAsia-Pacificregionandtheworld.



38. TheMinisterswelcomedtheoutcomeofthe5thARFInter-sessionalMeetingonDisasterrelief(ISMonDR)whichwasheldinBandung,Indonesiafrom30Novemberto2December2005,and was co-chaired by Indonesia and China. The Co-Chairs’ Report appears as ANNEX 3.TheMinistersnoted thatAustralia, Indonesia,Malaysia, theUnitedStates, andChinahavevolunteeredtoserveasshepherdstocoordinateinterimeffortstofurthertheworkoftheARFindisasterrelief.TheMinistersalsoadoptedtheARFStatementonDisasterManagementandEmergencyResponsewhichappearsasANNEX4.

39. TheMinistersnotedthereportofBruneiDarussalamandChinaasCo-ChairsoftheFourthInter-sessionalMeetingonCounter-TerrorismandTransnationalCrime(ISMonCTTC),which was held in Beijing, on 26-28 April 2006, and endorsed its recommendations.TheCo-ChairsReportappearsasANNEX5.

40. TheMinistersadoptedtheARFStatementonCooperationinFightingCyberAttackandTerroristMisuseofCyberSpaceandtheARFStatementonPromotingaPeople-CenteredApproachtoCounter-TerrorismwhichexpressedtheARFparticipants’determinationtoenhancecooperationinthefightagainstinternationalterrorism.ThestatementsappearasANNEX6andANNEX7respectively.

41. TheMinistersnotedthefollowingworkshopsandseminars,whichwerecompletedintheinter-sessionalyear2005/2006:• WorkshoponCivil-MilitaryOperations,Manila,thePhilippines,11-14September

2005;• SeminaronCyberTerrorism,Cebu,thePhilippines,3-5October2005;• SeminaronMissileDefense,Bangkok,Thailand,6-7October2005;• 9thARFHeadsofDefenseUniversities/Colleges/Institutions,HaNoi,VietNam;• Workshop on Training for the Cooperative Maritime Security, Kochi, India,

26-28October2005;• Workshop on Small Arms and Light Weapons, Phnom Penh, Cambodia,

2-4November2005;• ExportLicensingExperts’Meeting,Singapore,17-18November2005;• Workshop on Capacity Building of Maritime Security, Tokyo, Japan,

19-20December2005;• Seminar on Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, Singapore,

27-29March2006

ProgrammeofWorkfortheNextInter-sessionalYear

42. TheMinistersagreedthat theISGonCBMs&PDcontinueitsworkandwelcomedtheofferby Indonesiaand theEuropeanUnion toco-chair the ISGonCBMs&PD in thenextinter-sessionalyear.TheMinistersalsonotedthatthefirstISGonCBMsandPDwill


beheldon1-3November2006inBatam,Indonesiaandthesecondmeetingwillbeheldinthefirstquarterof2007inFinland.

43. The Ministers acknowledged the importance of the continuation of the ISM on DRand agreed that the ISM on DR should continue its work in finding ways to establisha resilient regional disaster preparedness and emergency management. The Ministersalsonoted that Indonesiaand thePeople’sRepublicofChinawillCo-Chair theSixthISM on DR in the next inter-sessional year, which will be held in Qingdao, China on18-20September2006.

44. The Ministers agreed that the ISM CTTC should continue its work to forge a morestrengthened cooperation in fighting against terrorism and transnational crime.TheMinisterswelcomedtheofferbySingaporeandJapantoCo-ChairtheFifthISMonCTTCin2007inTokyo,Japan.

45. TheMinistersreaffirmedtheprocedurethatallproposedARFactivitiesshouldfirstbediscussedattheISG/ISMlevelandagreedatARF-SOM.TheMinistersapprovedtheworkprogramforthenextinter-sessionalyear( July2006-July2007)asinANNEX8.

FutureDirectionoftheARFProcess

46. The Ministers agreed to continue the implementation of the Nine Recommendationsof the Stocktaking of the ARF process, which was adopted in Brunei Darussalam on31 July 2000. The Ministers agreed to extend further cooperation and support forthe ARF Chair in carrying out the mandates outlined in the paper on the EnhancedRole of the ARF Chair. The Ministers looked forward to the development of standardoperating procedures for the ARF Chair to perform its enhanced role. In this regard,thePhilippineswillcontinueconsultationsontheTermsofReferenceofFriendsoftheARFChair.TheMinistersexpressedtheirsatisfactionwiththeopendialogueregardingtheprogress of theARFprocess and committed to further advancing the ARF processtowardsthepreventivediplomacystageandbeyond.

47. The Ministers welcomed the ARF’s progress towards Preventive Diplomacy (PD).TheMinisters recalled the importance of the adopted Concept and Principles ofPreventiveDiplomacy inguiding theARF in thedevelopmentofPreventiveDiplomacyandlookedforwardtothedevelopmentofconcretemeasuresinPD.TheMinistersalsowelcomedtheconveningoftheFirstARFExpertsandEminentPersons(EEP)Meetingwhich was co-chaired by Malaysia and the Republic of Korea on 28-30 June 2006 inJeju Island, Republic of Korea. The Ministers were briefed by the Malaysian Co-ChairontheoutcomeofthisMeeting.TheMinistersnotedtherecommendationsoftheEEPsregarding the future course of the ARF and the role of the EEPs as contained in theCo-ChairsSummaryReportwhichappearsasANNEX9.TheMinistersalso requested



the ARF SOM to consider the recommendations and submit its assessment of theirpracticabilitytoARFMinistersattheirnextmeeting.

48. TheMinistersagreedonthecontinuedpublicationoftheARFAnnualSecurityOutlook(ASO)topromotetransparencyaswellasconfidencebuildingamongARFparticipantsandwelcomedtheseventhvolumeoftheASO.

49. TheMinistersemphasizedtheneedtocontinuestrengtheningtieswithotherregionalandinternationalsecurityorganizationsaswellas linkagesbetweenTrackIandTrackII.In this regard, theMinisterswelcomedThailand’sConceptPaperon“EnhancingTiesbetween Track I and Track II in the ARF, and between the ARF and Other RegionalandInternationalSecurityOrganisations”asapprovedbySOMARFwhichappearsasANNEX 10, and entrusted the relevant ARF bodies to proceed in accordance with theguidelinesandformatcontainedtherein.

50. TheMinisterscommended theARFUnit inassisting theARFChairand indevelopingthe ARF’s institutional memory, including through the regularly updated Matrixof ARF Decisions and their Status, which is made available on the ARFNet, and thedevelopment of the ARF Internet homepage and virtual communications network atwww.aseanregionalforum.org.TheMinistersacknowledgedtheassistancethatsomeARFparticipantswereextendingtotheARFUnitandencouragedotherstodothesame.

51. TheMinisterswelcomedtheprogressoftheARFFund,forthepurposeofimplementingprojects,activities,anddecisionsof theARF,particularly theadoptionof thestandardformatfortheARFFundProjectBriefwhichappearsasANNEX11.

52. TheMinistersnotedthatapplicationstoparticipateintheARFwouldbeconsideredonacase-by-casebasisinaccordancewiththeestablishedcriteria.Inthisconnection,theywelcomedandagreedtoASEAN’sconsensusontheadmissionofSriLankaasthe27thparticipantintheARF,whichwouldbeofficiatedduringthe14thARF.

53. TheMinistersexpressedtheirsatisfactionwiththeopendialogueregardingtheprogressof the ARF process and committed to further advancing the ARF process towardsthe preventive diplomacy stage and beyond, on the basis of consensus and at a pacecomfortable to all, while continuing to build mutual confidence and trust among itsparticipants.


Co-ChAirS’ SummAry reporT oF The inAugurAl meeTing oF

The experTS And eminenT perSonS The ASeAn regionAl Forum

JeJu iSlAnd, republiC oF KoreA, 29-30 June 2006

1. Pursuant to thedecisionof the8thMinisterialMeetingof theASEANRegionalForum(ARF) held in 2001, the Inaugural Meeting of Experts and Eminent Persons (EEPs)of the ARF was held in Jeju Island, the Republic of Korea from June 29-30, 2006 inorder to explore recommendations on future activities of the EEPs. The meeting wasco-chairedbyelectedEEPs,MohamedJawharHassan,fromMalaysia,ARFChaircountryandChung-InMoon,fromtheROK,hostcountry.Themeetingwasattendedby34EEPsand22observersfrom21countries,andtheChairmanoftheARF.

2. H.E. Kyu-hyung Lee, Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade, ROK deliveredawelcomingspeech,stressinganactiveroleoftheEEPsinpromotingpeaceandstabilityintheAsiaPacificregionthroughtheircollectivewisdom.

3. The keynote address to the meeting was delivered by The Honourable Dato’ Seri SyedHamid Albar, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia and Chairman of the 13th ARF.Hebegan his address by briefly sketching the successes of the ARF process to-date.Hethenoutlinedhisviewsonsomeof theareasfortheARFtofocusoninthefuture,includingashiftinARFactivitiestowardsresponsestonon-traditionalsecuritythreatssuch as terrorism, maritime security and disaster management; the convening of anARFDefenseMinistersMeeting;andtheestablishmentofanARFSecretariat.

4. Themeetingwasorganizedintothreesessions:thesecurityenvironmentintheAsiaPacificregion;theARF’spast,presentandfuture;andtheroleoftheEEPsintheARFprocess.

SecurityEnvironmentintheAsiaPacificRegion

5. TheAsiaPacificRegionhasundergonesignificantchanges.Competitionamongregionalpowershasincreased,andnon-traditionalsecurityissueshaveriseninimportanceandurgency.This situationpresentsopportunities forcooperationaswellaspotentials fordispute. When it comes to issues of human security, terrorism and maritime issues,states incline more towards comprehensive and common security mechanisms. Withissuesconcerningnationalism, territorialdisputes,andvitaleconomicresourcessuchasenergy,statesarepronetocompetitionandconfrontation.Facedwithnewchallengesanduncertainties,theparticipantsreemphasizedtheneedtoforgeacommonperception



topreventconflictandpromotepeaceintheregion.BeingthemajormultilateralsecuritydialogueintheAsiaPacific,theARFshouldplayaleadingroleinconfidencebuildingmeasuresandpreventivediplomacy.

ARF’sPast,PresentandFuture

6. Sinceitsfoundingin1994,theARFhasdevelopedandimplementedconfidencebuildingmeasures, expanded its membership, and taken steps towards preventive diplomacy.Despite its progress, the ARF lacks some of the institutional structure and cohesionamong members to respond effectively to regional security concerns and challenges.ManyparticipantsagreedthatitistimefortheARFtoshiftfromaforumfordiscussionto more of an institution of implementation. Participants discussed two categories ofchanges: institutionalandsubstantive. Institutional issues includeenhancing theroleof the ARF Chair, reexamining the leadership structure, creating a Secretariat andstrengtheningrelationswithothermultilateralandregionalorganizations,specificallythe United Nations. Substantive issues include moving towards preventive diplomacyand conflict resolution, emphasizing so-called “soft security” issues encompassingnaturaldisastermanagementandenergysecurity,andcooperatinginareasofmutualconcernsuchasearlywarningsystemsandhumanitarianresponses.Eachoftheseareasrequire significant research and exploration in which the EEPs may provide valuableassistance.

TheRoleoftheEEPsintheARFProcess

7. According toThe Guidelines for the Operation of the ARF EEPs,adoptedat the11thARFmeeting in Jakarta, in July2004, the roleof theEEPs is to“providenon-bindingandprofessionalviewsorpolicyrecommendations to theARF throughtheARFChair,or to serve as resource persons to the ARF on issues of relevance to their expertise.”Anupdatedregisterof theEEPsexists. Itconsistsofsome110leadingexperts in theirfields from 22 ARF countries. Although procedural groundwork has been laid out, nooperational or specific substantive role has been allocated to the EEPs thus far. As aprofessional resource, practical roles and outcomes for the EEPs were suggested anddiscussed.ParticipantsagreedontheneedtosetapathformoreeffectiveandefficientuseofEEPsthatisdistinguishedfromexistingTrackIIsupportbyidentifyingspecificrolesforEEPs.


Recommendations

8. ThefollowingideaswereproposedregardingthefutureroleoftheARFandEEPs:1) CommissiontheEEPsasavisiongroupfortheARFtoproposeinnovativeideas

on the future development of the ARF, including proposals for institutionalinnovationandcapacity-building

2) IntegratetheEEPsintotheARFmechanism,andhavethemplayanadvisoryroleattheARFmeetingssuchasISGs,aswellasutilizeselectedEEPsindividually,asenvisaged in theEEPGuidelines,moreactively in fact-findingmissions,asspecialenvoys,etc.

3) MobilizetheEEPresourcestodeliberateonsalientregionalsecurityissuessuchastheNortheastAsiasecuritydilemmaanddisarmament

4) Conductdesktopandscenario-basedplanningexercisesfortheARFonsubjectssuch as international terrorism, maritime security, disaster management,pandemics,andpeace-keepingoperations

5) DistinguishtheroleandfunctionsoftheEEPsfromthoseofTrackI(e.g.,ISG)andTrackII(e.g.,CSCAPandASEAN-ISIS)

6) Hold EEP meetings at regular intervals, annually or biennially, to discussrecommendations concerning pragmatic measures in ARF areas of focus inconfidencebuildingandpreventivediplomacy

7) AppointaliaisonofficerorsecretarytomaintaincontactamongtheEEPs8) Establish a section in the ARF website to publicize the works of the EEPs and

exchangeinformation



ChAirmAn’S SummAry reporT oF The Third ArF SeCuriTy poliCy ConFerenCe

KArAmbunAi, SAbAh, mAlAySiA, 18 mAy 2006

1. Asendorsedbythe12thASEANRegionalForum(ARF)inVientianeon29July2005andinpursuanceoftherecommendationoftheSecondARFSecurityPolicyConference,heldinVientiane,19May2005,theThirdARFSecurityPolicyConference(ASPC)washeldinKarambunai,Sabah,Malaysiaon18May2006.TheConferencewaschairedbyDato’AhmadLatffibinHashim,ActingSecretaryGeneral,MinistryofDefence,Malaysia.

2. The Conference was attended by representatives from Australia, Brunei Darussalam,Cambodia, Canada, China, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, European Union,India,Indonesia,Japan,LaoPDR,Malaysia,NewZealand,thePhilippines,RepublicofKorea,RussianFederation,Singapore,Thailand,UnitedStatesofAmerica,VietNamandtheASEANSecretariat.TheListofDelegatesappearsasANNEXA.

AgendaItem1:OpeningRemarks

3. In his Opening Remarks. the Chairman welcomed the participants to the Conference andoutlinedtheobjectivesandagendaoftheConference.HeemphasisedtheimportanceoftheASPCand reviewed itsdevelopment since itsfirstmeeting inBeijing inNovember2004.Heinvitedparticipants’attentiontothetwinthemesoftheagendaoftheConference.i.e.maritimesecurity andpeacekeepingoperations. Along the lines, he took stockof the activities of thedefunctARFIntersessionalSupportMeetingonPeacekeepingOperations(ISMonPKO)andMalaysia’sactivitiesandcontributiontoUNpeacekeepingoperations.

AgendaItem2:AdoptionoftheAgenda

4. TheConferenceconsideredandadoptedtheAgenda,whichappearsasANNEXB.

AgendaItem3:MaritimeSecurity

5. The Conference exchanged views on the challenges and need for maritime securitycooperationatthebilateral,sub-regionalandmultilateralbasis.

6. TheConferencewelcomed thewillingnessof somecountries inoffering technicalandfinancialassistanceonmaritimesecuritytothelittoralstatesoftheStraitsofMalaccaintermsofcapacitybuilding.


7. Themeetingalsodiscussedthefollowingaspectsofmaritimesecurity.• The importance of promoting safety and security of navigation at sea for

internationaltradeandcommerce;• Thecontinuedthreatofpiracyandotherformsoftransnationalcrimeatsea;• Theprimaryroleofthelittoralstatesinthemaintenanceofmaritimesecurity;• The increasing bilateral and multilateral cooperation in promoting maritime

security, including joint/coordinated maritime patrols/exercises. exchange ofinformation and intelligence, counter terrorism, environmental protection,searchandrescue.andhydrographicsurveys;

• The important role and contribution of user states, the industry, as well asinternational organizations such as the International Maritime Organization(IMO)inpromotingmaritimesecurity;

• The importance of integrated government approach to maritime securitypromotion;and

• ThesuccessofcooperationintheMalaccaStraits,suchasthroughtheMalaccaStraits Sea Patrol and the “Eyes in the Sky” combined maritime air patrolsinvolvingthelittoralstatesofMalaysia,IndonesiaandSingapore.

8. TheConferenceagreedonthefollowing:• Explorethepossibilityofbuildingontheexistingsub-regionalmaritimesecurity

cooperationasamodelformultilateralmaritimesecurityarrangementsintheAsia-Pacificregioninthefuture;

• Establish a higher level of trust between all stakeholders as well as increasefamiliarity with international legal frameworks and other resources forpromotingcooperationonmaritimesecurity;

• Continuation of multilateral dialogue on maritime security in the context oftheARF;

• Theneed foraholisticapproach towardsaddressingmaritime security issues,includingtheneedtoidentifyandunderstandthecausesofcrimesatseaandontheshore;

• Strengthenregionalmaritimesecuritycooperationthroughtechnicalassistance,capacitybuilding,andtraining.Inthisregard,theConferenceagreedtocontinueto build database on maritime security capability and resources available forinternationalcooperation.

• Enhancecooperationwithaviewtoreducingsocialandinsurancecostsincurredbytheindustryrelatedtomaritimesecuritytofacilitateregionalmaritimetradeandcommerce.

9. ParticipantsbriefedandupdatedtheConferenceoneffortsandactivitiestakenbytheirrespectivecountriesinthemaritimesecuritycooperationdomain.PresentationsmadebyparticipantsunderthisAgendaItemappearinANNEXC,D,E,F,G,HandI.



AgendaItem4:Peacekeeping

10. TheConferenceexchangedviewsonthestateofUnitedNationspeacekeepingoperationsandreaffirmedthecentralroleoftheUnitedNationsinthistask.SomemembershighlightedtheireffortsintheareaofpeacesupportoperationsotherthanundertheUNauspices.

11. TheConferencenotedwithsatisfactionthecommitmentandtheactiveparticipationofARFparticipantstotheUNpeacekeepingoperations.

12. TheConferencewasoftheviewthatpeacekeepingoperationscontributetowardsresolvingconflicts, maintaining negotiated cease-fire agreements, promoting humanitarianoperationsandcreatingenvironmentforpost-conflictpeace-building.

13. The Conference noted that many of the ARF participating countries either haveestablishedpeacekeepingtrainingcentersorintheprocessofestablishingsuchbodies.

14. TheConferencewelcomedtheparticipationofmanyARFcountriesintheUNstand-byarrangements.

15. Inthisregard,theConferenceagreedonthefollowing:• Modern peacekeeping operations were becoming more complex involving

military,civilianpersonnel, internationalaidagenciesandnon-governmentalorganizations;

• TheUNshouldcontinuetoplayaleadingroleinpeacekeepingoperationsandthateverypeacekeepingmissionshouldfullyrespecttheterritorialintegrityandnationalsovereigntyofthecountryconcerned;

• ContinuetocontributetoUNpeacekeepingoperations,bothintermsofsendingmilitaryandcivilianpersonnelandfinancingandlogisticalsupport;

• Continueinternationalcooperationinclearinganti-personnellandmines;• The Conference agreed to work on establishing a regional network of

peacekeepingexperts for thepurposeofexchangingbestpracticesand lessonslearnt,harmonizationofdoctrineandpromotionofpeaceoperations trainingand regional capability building. In this regard, the Conference endorsed theproposalbyAustraliatoco-hostwithMalaysiathefirstannualmeetinginthefirsthalfof2007atthePeacekeepingTrainingCentreinPortDickson.TheproposalisinANNEXK;

• ARF should continue to promote awareness of peacekeeping demands andchallenges.

16. TheConferencewelcomedIndia’sproposaltohostanARFseminaron“UnitedNationsPeacekeeping: Challenges and Prospects” under the aegis of the Centre for UnitedNationsPeacekeeping,NewDelhi.


17. Severalcountriesmadepresentationsontheirnationalpoliciesandactivitiesinthefieldofpeacekeeping.ThepresentationsofMalaysia,Cambodia,China,EuropeanUnionandVietNamareinANNEXJ,L,M,Nand0.

AgendaItem6:OtherMatters

18. TheConferencewasinformedthattheFourthASPCwouldbeheldinthePhilippinesin2007.

AgendaItem6:ClosingRemarks

19. TheChairmanthankedall theparticipantsand theASEANSecretariat for theiractiveparticipationandcontributioninmakingtheConferenceasuccess.

Acknowledgement

20. TheConferenceexpresseditsgratitudeandappreciationtothepeopleandGovernmentofMalaysiafortheexcellentarrangementsmadefortheConferenceandforthehospitalityextendedtotheparticipants.



Co-ChAirS’ SummAry reporT oF The FourTh ArF inTer-SeSSionAl meeTing

on CounTer-TerroriSm And TrAnSnATionAl Crime

beiJing, ChinA, 26-28 April 2006

Introduction

1. Pursuanttothedecisionofthe12thMinisterialMeetingoftheASEANRegionalForum(ARF)heldinVientiane,LaosonJuly29,2005,theFourthARFInter-SessionalMeetingonCounter-TerrorismandTransnationalCrime(ISMonCTTC)washeldinBeijing,thePeople’sRepublicofChinaon26-28April2006.TheMeetingwasorganizedbyChinaandBruneiDarussalam,andco-chairedbyH.E.CuiTiankai,AssistantForeignMinisterofChinaandH.E.HjhMaimunahDatoElias,DeputyPermanentSecretary,MinistryofForeignAffairsandTradeofBruneiDarussalam.

2. The meeting was attended by representatives from Australia, Brunei Darussalam,Cambodia, Canada, the People’s Republic of China, Democratic People’s Republic ofKorea, the European Union, India, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia,Myanmar,NewZealand, thePhilippines,Pakistan, theRepublicofKorea, theRussianFederation,Singapore,PapuaNewGuinea,theKingdomofThailand,theUnitedStates,VietNamandTimorLeste.TheASEANSecretariatandrepresentativesfromtheSoutheastAsiaRegionalCentreforCounter-Terrorism(SEARCCT)andtheShanghaiCooperationOrganization(SCO)alsoparticipatedinthemeeting.TheListofParticipantsisattachedasANNEX1.

3. TheOpeningRemarksbyH.E.MengHongwei,ViceMinisteroftheChineseMinistryofPublicSecurityisattachedasANNEX2.

AgendaItem1:AdoptionofAgenda

4. TheAgendafortheISMonCTTCisattachedasANNEX3,andtheProgramofActivitiesasANNEX4.

AgendaItem2:GeneralExchangeofViewsonInternationalTerrorism

2.1. RecentRegionalDevelopmentsofTerrorism

5. Participants exchanged views on recent developments of terrorist activities in theregion. Brunei, China, DPRK, India and Laos were the lead speakers under this


agendaitem.TheirpresentationsandthoseoftheotherrepresentativesareattachedasANNEX5to10.

6. Participantspointedoutthatdespitetheinternationalcounter-terrorismeffortsoverthelast few years, terrorism still poses a serious threat to regional and global peace andstability.Thefightonterrorshouldbealong-term,sustainedandcomprehensiveeffortandrequiresthecommitmentofallcountriesintheworld.

7. In discussing new developments on regional and international terrorist activities,participants noted that terrorist organizations and its members had changed theirstrategies and tactics. Their activities have been extending from country to country.Terrorist organizations have reconfigured into smaller cells which made them moredifficulttodetect.Membersbelongingtodifferentterroristgroupswereworkingtogetherthroughunstructurednetworksofpersonalrelationshipstoplanterroristattacks.Localrecruitshavebeentrainedtoundertaketerroristactivities.

8. Participantspointedout that the terrorist forceshave increasingly takenadvantageofhigh-tech tools such as the computer networks and the internet to develop networks,propagate extremist ideas and coordinate with other groups. These have added newandcomplicated factors to the fightagainst terror.Someparticipants emphasized theoverlapbetweenterrorismandtransnationalcrime.Terrorismandtransnationalcrimeareusuallyconductedinconnection,andmustbedealtwithassuch.

2.2. PossibleRootCausesofTerrorism

9. Indonesia, Pakistan, Russia and the Southeast Asia Regional Center for CounterTerrorism(SEARCCT)ledthediscussionunder thisagendaitemandtheirpapersandthepresentationsoftheotherdelegateswereattachedasANNEX11to16.

10. ManyParticipantswereoftheviewthattherootcausesofterrorismarebothvariedandmultifaceted.Arangeofconditionsinsocietymaycreateanenvironmentforterrorismtothrive.Politicalfactorssuchasunresolveddisputes,inequality,isolationandmistrust,economicfactorssuchaspoverty,hunger,steepdevelopmentgap,andsocialfactorssuchasilliteracy,injusticeandlackofcommunicationwerepointedoutassomeoftheissuesthatneedtobeaddressed.

11. Manyparticipants stressed that itwasessential toaddressboth the symptomsand theroot causes of terrorism. Successfully eliminating terrorism requires a balanced andcomprehensiveapproach that includes employingpolitical, economic, legal andothermeans,includingmeasuresaimedatwinningtheheartsandmindsofthepeople.



12. Other participants emphasized that whatever the root causes of terrorism may be,terrorismisacommonenemyofallpeoples,ofallbeliefsandallreligionsandshouldbecondemneduniversally.Thediscussiononrootcausesshouldinnowayprovideanyjustificationandexcusesforterrorism.

AgendaItem3:Counter-terrorism:StrategiesandMeasures

3.1. Review of the Strategies and the Implementation of Measures to Combat RegionalTerrorism

13. The lead speakers under this agenda item, i.e. the EU, Japan, New Zealand, ROK, theUnitedStatesandVietnamupdatedthemeetingonthestrategiesadoptedandmeasuresundertakenbytheirrespectivecountriestocounterterrorism.TheShanghaiCooperationOrganization(SCO)briefedthemeetingonitscooperativemeasuresagainstterrorism.ThesepresentationsareattachedrespectivelyasANNEX17to25.

14. ParticipantsemphasizedtheleadingroleoftheUnitedNations(UN)inthefightagainstinternational terrorism and that any measures undertaken should be consistent withthe principles of the UN Charter, international law, in particular humanitarian andhumanrightslaw,UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolutionsandUNConventionsandProtocols related to counter-terrorism. Participants also emphasized that in the fightagainstterrorism,conditionsofindividualcountriesshouldbetakenintoconsiderationandnationalsovereigntyandterritorialintegrityshouldberespected.

15. Participantsstressedthatterrorismshouldnotbeassociatedwithanyrace,religionorethnic groups and that it is important to promote and expand inter-religious, inter-cultural and inter-civilization understanding. The meeting noted Japan’s proposal tofocusthediscussiononinter-faithdialogueduringthenextISMonCTTC.

16. The meeting noted that terrorists and their networks are developing and building uptheirideologyandpropagandacapacity.Tocounterterroristpropagandaefficiently,itisvitaltoincreasethegeneralpublic’sawarenessofthedangerofterrorismbymeansofeducation.

17. ParticipantswereoftheviewthatnocountrycouldsucceedinthefightagainstterrorismaloneandrecognizedtheimportanceofstrengtheningthecapabilitiesofARFmembersby,amongstothers,developingbestpracticesandsharingknowledgeandexperiences.Participants thus agreed to devote more efforts to further broadening and deepeninginternationaland regional cooperation.Someparticipants suggested the settingupofhotlinesbetweenLawEnforcementAgenciesindifferentcountriesfortimelycontactandencouraged further interactionbetween theARFandotherregionaland internationalorganizations.


3.2: CapacityBuilding

3.2.1:EmergencyResponsePlan(System)

18. Astheleadspeakersunderthisagendaitem,Australia,Canada,Japan,PhilippinesandSingaporesharedtheirexperiencesandbestpracticesoncounter-terrorismemergencyplanof their respective countriesbymakingpresentationsattachedasANNEX26 to30.

19. Themeetinghighlightedtheimportanceofcrisismanagementinresponsetoemergentterroristincidents.Promptreactiontocrisissituationisessentialtolessenitsadverseeffects.Italsogivespeopletheconfidencetodealwithacrisisinaresilientmanner.

20. Participants emphasized that efforts should be made to strengthen the emergencypreparednessagainstterroristattacks.Themeetingencouragedtheregionalcountriestoestablishacompletesetofcrisismanagementplansormanualsprovidingdetailedand comprehensive procedures and guidelines for all relevant agencies in the caseof emergency terrorist incidents. Governments at various levels should constantlyenhance their counter-terrorism capacities in terms of expertise and logistics, andorganizetrainingorexercisestoimprovetheiremergencyresponsecapabilities.

21. Manyparticipantsstressedthatemergencyresponseisamulti-agencyundertakingandthataunifiedcommandandcooperative,coordinatedandconsultative inter-agencyrelationsareessentialtoharmonizeitsoperation.

22. Participants also recognized that efforts should be undertaken to raise the publicawareness to make them mentally prepared for terrorist attacks. Such efforts mayinclude,amongothers,involvinggrassrootsandcivilsocietiesinthecounter-terrorismcampaign.

3.2.2:InformationSharing

23. The meeting continued the discussion on information sharing as suggested bythe 3rd ISM on CTTC and discussed the follow-up actions on the suggestions andrecommendations made. Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Papua NewGuineaweretheleadspeakersunderthisagendaitem.TheirpresentationsareattachedasANNEX31to36.

24. Participants agreed that timely, effective and accurate information and intelligenceis of vital importance in preventing terrorist attacks. Information sharing thereforeshouldbeanessentialelementofanyformofcooperationagainstterrorism.



25. Someparticipantspointedoutthatinformationsharingneedstobedoneonareciprocalbasiswithinthelimitsofthedomesticlegislationandregulationofaparticularcountry.Inthisregard,legalmechanismsforinformationsharingthroughconventions,treaties,orbilateralagreementsmayberequired.

26. Participantsnotedthatthereisabiggapbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountriesintermsofcapabilitiesandcapacities.Themeetingencouragedenhancedcooperationincapacitybuildingthroughmaterialassistance,training,andwherefeasible,technologytransfer.

27. Someparticipantssuggestedthatdesignatingcontactpointsforintelligencecooperationin each country would greatly promote information sharing process. The meetingcalled upon the ARF participants to continue regularly updating their contact pointsforcounter-terrorismoninformationsharing,documentsecurityandlawenforcementthroughtheARFUnit.

28. Participants called for further implementationof theprevious ISM recommendations.Thepointwasmadethattherearestillsomechallengesahead,includingthepoliticalwillforcloserinformationsharing,standardizationoftraveldocumentsandimmigrationcontrol, coordination across regional framework and centers, harmonization of legalframework to facilitatemutual legalassistanceandextradition,andhighcostofnewcounterterrorismtechnology.

AgendaItem4:FutureDirectionoftheISMonCTTC

29. ParticipantsagreedthatafterfourannualISMsbeingconvenedandinviewofthenewfeaturesthatregionalterrorismmanifest,itisappropriatetoconsiderthefuturedirectionofthisISMandthepracticalwaysandmeanstobetakentofurthermaterializecooperationincounter-terrorism.TheremarksoftheChinesedelegationisattachedasANNEX37.

30. ParticipantsmadethefollowingrecommendationsforthefuturedevelopmentoftheISMonCTTC:• To implement the cooperation suggestions already agreed upon, including

developing some action plans for various recommendations made in the ARFcounter-terrorism statements. The ARF unit may be tasked to coordinate theimplementationofthesuggestions.

• To pay more attention to long-term strategies for addressing terrorism, whilerecognizingtheimportanceofaddressingrootcausesofterrorism.

• Effortscouldbemadetoexplore,amongothers,onhowtopromoteinter-faithandinter-culturedialogues,toincreasepublicawarenessandpreparedness,andto alleviate socio-economic disparity with a view to elevating the standard oflivingofunderprivilegedgroupsandpeople.


• To strengthen the role of ISM on CTTC in coordinating regional counter-terrorismefforts.Thismay includeholding counter-terrorism-relatedCBMsofevery inter-sessional year according to the established theme of the ISM, andreviewingthereportsoftheseCBMsateachISM.

• Tostrengthenlinkagewithotherregionalorganizationsandsecuritycooperationframeworks. It is suggested that as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)areparticularlydealingwithcounter-terrorismissues,furtherinteractionwithSCOshouldbepromoted, inter alia,byholding jointexpertmeetingsoncounter-terrorism.

• To focus more on the overlapping areas between terrorism and transnationalcrime,includingissuescloselyconnectedwithfinancingofterrorismasmoneylaunderinganddrugtrafficking.

31. Participantswelcomed theofferbySingaporeand Japan toco-host theFifthInter-SessionalMeetingonCounter-TerrorismandTransnationalCrimeinTokyoinspring,2007.

AgendaItem5:AdoptionofCo-Chairs’SummaryReport

32. Brunei Darussalam, on behalf of the Co-Chairs, presented the draft ARF Chairman’sStatementonPromotingaPeople-centeredApproachtoCounterTerrorism,highlightingthenecessitytolookatthe“softmeasures”inthefightagainstterrorism,whichentails,amongothers,lookingatwaysinwhichgreatertoleranceandunderstandingcouldbefurtherpromotedandencouragingpublicparticipationintheeffortstocounterterrorism.The Co-Chairs’ draft ARF Statement is attached as ANNEX 38. The participants arerequestedtosubmittheircommentstoBruneiDarussalamandChinabefore5May2006toallowfortheconsiderationofcommentsintimefortheARFSeniorOfficials’MeetinginKarambunai,Sabah,Malaysiaon19May2006.

33. ChinaandBruneiDarussalamjointlypresentedtheCo-Chairs’SummaryReportoftheFourthARFInter-SessionalMeetingonCounter-TerrorismandTransnationalCrime.

AgendaItem6:OtherMatters

34. TheparticipantsexpressedtheirgratitudeandappreciationtotheBruneiandChineseGovernment for the excellent arrangements made for the meeting and for the warmhospitalityaccordedtothedelegates.



Co-ChAirS’ SummAry reporT oF The ArF SeminAr on non-proliFerATion oF

WeAponS oF mASS deSTruCTion

SingApore, 27-29 mArCh 2006

Introduction

1. The ARF Seminar on Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) washeldon27-29March2006 inSingapore.TheWorkshopwasorganisedby thePeople’sRepublicofChina, theRepublicofSingaporeandtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Itwasco-chairedbyAmbassadorHuXiaodifromtheMinistryofForeignAffairsofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,MsTanYeeWoanfromtheMinistryofForeignAffairsofSingapore,andDrRobertGromollfromtheDepartmentofStateoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

2. ThemeetingwasattendedbyrepresentativesoftheASEANSecretariat,Australia,BruneiDarussalam,Cambodia,Canada,China,theEuropeanUnion,India,Indonesia,Japan,the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, the Republic of Korea, the Lao People’sDemocratic Republic, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Pakistan, PapuaNewGuinea,thePhilippines,theRussianFederation,Thailand,TimorLeste,theUnitedStatesofAmericaandVietnam.ThelistofdelegatesisattachedasANNEXI.TheAgendaand Programme is attached as ANNEX II. Copies of the statements and presentationsthatwereavailableattheSeminarareattachedasANNEXIII.

OpeningSession

3. At the opening session, Mr Andrew Tan, Deputy Secretary/Policy of the Ministry ofForeignAffairs,Singapore,gaveawelcomeaddressonbehalfoftheSingaporedelegation.ThiswasfollowedbyopeningremarksfromtheChineseandUSCo-Chairsandaphoto-takingsession.

SummaryofSeminarSessions:

Session 1 – The Proliferation Threat

4. Session1waschairedbySingapore.Co-chairTanYeeWoaninviteddelegationstomakeshort presentations on their national perceptions of the nature of the proliferationthreat.Shortpresentations introducingeachcountry’sperspectiveon theproliferationthreatweremadebytheheadsofdelegationsofAustralia,China,theRepublicofKorea(ROK), Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Vietnam, the United States, Myanmar, Indonesia,


TimorLeste, thePhilippines,BruneiDarussalam, theDemocraticPeople’sRepublicofKorea(DPRK),LaosPDR,andJapan.

Session 2 – The Non-Proliferation Regime

5. Session2waschairedbytheUS.Presentationsweremadeasfollows:(a) China made a presentation on the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the

InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency.(b) JapanmadeapresentationontheIAEAAdditionalProtocol.(c) IndonesiamadeapresentationontheBiologicalWeaponsConvention.(d) ThailandmadeapresentationonUNSCResolution1540.(e) RussiamadeapresentationontheCodeofConductontheSafetyandSecurity

ofRadioactiveSources.

Fororganizationalreasons,itwasnotpossibletohaveapresentationontheChemicalWeaponsConvention.Therewasashortdiscussiononthetopicsofthepresentation.

Session 3

6. Session3waschairedbyChina.Presentationsweremadeasfollows:(a) SingaporemadeapresentationontheProliferationSecurityInitiative(PSI).(b) The Philippines made a presentation on the Hague Code of Conduct Against

BallisticMissileProliferation.(c) Australia made a presentation on the Four Multilateral Export Control

Regimes.(d) TheUSmadeapresentationonEnsuringCompliancewithInternational

AgreementsandNon-proliferationObjectives.

Session 4 – Improving Export Controls and Strengthening Safeguards

7. Session4waschairedbytheUS.Presentationsweremadeasfollows:(a) SingaporeandCanadagaveajointbriefingontheNovember2005ARFExport

LicensingExperts’MeetinginSingapore.(b) Canada made a presentation on How Export Controls Contribute to

Non-proliferation.(c) Pakistangaveavoluntaryprogressreportonitsexportcontrolregime.(d) TheROKgaveavoluntaryprogressreportonitsexportcontrolregime.(e) Thailandgaveavoluntaryprogressreportonitsexportcontrolregime.(f) NewZealandgaveavoluntaryprogressreportonitsexportcontrolregime.



Session 5 – Co-ordinating Regional Responses to Proliferation

8. BeforetheformalstartofSession5,thedelegationofIndiamadeastatementonIndia’sciviliannuclearprogrammeand its intentionpursuant to itsagreementwith theUSAtoplaceitsciviliannuclearfacilitiesunderIAEAsafeguards.PursuanttotheARF2004Chairman’s Statement on Non-Proliferation (attached as ANNEX IV) , presentationsunderSession5werethenmadeasfollows:(a) TheUSmadeapresentationonSupplementaryToolsforNon-proliferation.(b) Austria on behalf of the European Union made a presentation on the EU’s

Non-proliferationEffortsandFocus.(c) Malaysia made a presentation on Malaysia’s Progress in Non-proliferation

Efforts.

Closingsession

9. The Co-Chairs made brief statements of thanks, and the Seminar was formallyclosed at 11.50 am. A visit to the Port of Singapore Authority headquarters took placein the afternoon, after which the Co-Chairs’ Summary Report was circulated to thedelegations.

Co-Chairs’Summary

10. The participants welcomed the Seminar as a useful platform to advance the ARFdialogue on cooperation on non-proliferation of WMD, in line with the objectives setout in the 2004 ARF Jakarta Statement on Non-proliferation. Participants recognisedthattheproliferationofWMDinalltheiraspectsandtheirmeansofdeliveryconstitutea threat to internationalpeaceandsecurityandagrowingdanger toall states.TherewasnowalsoapressingthreatoftheacquisitionofWMDandtheirmeansofdeliverybynon-stateactorsforuseinterroristactivities.Therewassupportfortheuniversalisationof the IAEAAdditionalProtocolasa standard for safeguardsandverification,and forUNSCResolution1540.

11. Participantsreportedontheirrespectivenationalnon-proliferationefforts,andexchangedviewsonchallengesfacingtheimplementationofdomesticcontrols.Participantsreportedvigorouseffortstostrengthentheirnationalexportcontrolregimes,andincreasetheirparticipationinandco-operationwith internationalWMDcontrolregimes;assistancein capacity building was needed in some cases. Participants agreed that co-operationat all levels, and compliance with international agreements were necessary for non-proliferationactivitiestobeeffective.Therewasausefuldiscussionofhowexportcontrolregimescontributetonon-proliferationefforts.Participantsalsonotedthetrendtowardstheincreasinguseof“catch-all”provisionsintheirimplementationofexportcontrols.


12. Participants underscored the importance of ensuring full compliance withnon-proliferationobligationsandcommitments.Participantsalsonoted thechallengeofensuringthatthefullsecuritybenefitsoftheseagreementsareobtained.Duringthediscussions, the difficulty of establishing a verification mechanism for the BiologicalWeaponsConventionwasmentioned.Thepaceofdestructionofstockpilesofchemicalweaponswasdiscussed.Someparticipantsexpressedtheviewthatselectiveapplicationof any WMD control regime would undermine its effectiveness. Participants alsostressed the importance of the full implementation of and compliance with the NPTin all its aspects. They addressed the aspects of the NPT related to non-proliferation,disarmamentandthepeacefuluseofnuclearenergy.ParticipantsagreedthattheNPTremains a cornerstone of the international non-proliferation regime. It was proposedthatthefocusshouldbeonpracticalstepstoimproveimplementationandcompliancewithnon-proliferationobligations.

13. In the context of the discussion of supplementary tools for non-proliferation efforts,clarificationwassoughton(i)thelegalityofactionstakenunderthePSI;(ii)thePSI’scompatibilitywiththeProtocoltotheConventionfortheSuppressionofUnlawfulActsAgainst theSafetyofMarineNavigation(theSUAConvention),especially inrespectofship interdictions;and(iii) theeffectof thePSIuponregionalstability, includingthesituationintheKoreanPeninsula.ItwasexplainedinresponsethatactiontakenunderthePSIwasvoluntaryandwouldbeconsistentwithrelevantinternationalandnationallaw,includingtheUNConventionontheLawoftheSeas(UNCLOS),andthattheSUAConventionitselfallowedforinterdictionsofshipping.ItwasalsoexplainedthatsomecountriesthatwerenotparticipantsinthePSIwouldnonethelessobservePSIexercisesandco-operatewithparticipantsonacase-by-casebasis.

Conclusion

14. Participants expressed appreciation for the seminars and workshops conducted undertheARFontheseissues,whichtheyfoundhelpfulforthedevelopmentandstrengtheningof their own domestic systems. They welcomed offers by some participants to providemorefocusedandspecificassistanceindevelopingexpertiseonparticularissues.Theyconcludedthatthemeetinghadbeenusefulforthesharingofviews,andasareflectionof the multiplicity of perspectives and experience within the ARF. Good progresswas reported by many countries in strengthening their non-proliferation systems.Participantsrecognizedthatmorestillneededtobedone,andinthiscontextexpressedtheirwillingnesstocontinuecloserco-operation.



Co-ChAirS’ SummAry reporT oF The meeTing oF The ArF inTer-SeSSionAl SupporT group on ConFidenCe

building meASureS And prevenTive diplomACy

mAnilA, philippineS, 1-3 mArCh 2006

Introduction

1. Pursuanttothedecisionofthe12thMinisterialMeetingoftheASEANRegionalForum(ARF) held in Laos on 29 July 2005, and the second meeting of the Inter-sessionalSupport Group on Confidence Building Measures and Preventive Diplomacy (ISG onCBMandPD)washeldinManilaon1-3March2006.TheMeetingwasco-chairedbythePhilippinesandtheUnitedStates.

2. RepresentativesfromallARFcountries,exceptTimorLeste,attendedtheMeeting.TheARF Unit of the ASEAN Secretariat was also represented. The ARF Defense Officials’Dialogue,nowanintegralpartoftheARFprocess,washeldon1March.TheAgendaoftheMeetingisattachedasANNEXA,theProgrammeofActivitiesasANNEXB,andtheListofParticipantsasANNEXC.

BriefingontheOutcomeoftheDefenseOfficials’Dialogue

3. Defense Undersecretary Rodel Cruz of the Philippines, co-chair of the ARF DefenseOfficials’ Dialogue, briefed the meeting on the outcome of the meeting which tookplace on 1 March 2006. The DOD had a lively discussion on the following matters:(a) Current arrangements between the defense establishments of ARF participatingcountries on enhancing border cooperation; (b) Defense Reforms/Security SectorReformsofparticipatingcountries;and(c)Issues tobediscussedat theARFSecurityPolicyConference.AttachedasANNEXDistheco-chairs’summaryreportoftheDOD.

ExchangeofViewsontheRegionalandInternationalSecuritySituation

4. Participants expressedconcernon thecontinuingchallengeposedby terrorism in theAsia Pacific region. The Meeting stressed the importance of strengthening regionalcooperationwithinthecontextofARFtoimprovemeasuresthatwouldeffectivelycombatthe threatof terrorismin theAsia-Pacificregion.Someparticipantscited theneed forbetter information and intelligence sharing to fine tune regional and global efforts.Participantsalsowelcomedvariouscounterterrorisminitiativesandprogramspresentedby Indonesia and Japan and reaffirmed the central role of the United Nations in thefightagainstterrorismintheregion.Somedelegationsalsostressedtheimportanceof


dealingwiththerootcausesofterrorismandtacklingthefactorscontributingtosupportfor,andrecruitmentinto,terrorism.

5. Such efforts at counter-terrorism include maritime cooperative activities between andamongcountriestosecuretheseasandtheincreasingvolumeofmaritimetradepassingthrough the region’smaritimearea; capacitybuilding through informationexchangeandtraining.Jointmilitaryexercisesundertakenbydifferentcountriesintheregiontosecurepeaceandpromote inter-operabilityof theirmilitariesespecially inaddressingterroristactivitiesarealsobeingundertakentowardthisgoal.

6. Manyparticipantsstressedthatforactivitiestowardthenon-proliferationofweaponsofmass destruction (WMD) tobecome effective, all countries must cooperate to addressthe issue.Theyagreed towork together topreventanddenynon-stateactorsaccess toWMDandWMDtechnologiesasrequiredbytheUNSCResolution1540.Theimportanceofstrictmeasurestocontrolweaponsofmassdestructionandtheircomponentmaterialswasaddressed.Inthiscontext,emphasiswasplacedoneffectivecontrolsontheexportof military goods and dual-use technologies to prevent proliferation and to ensuredenialtoterroristsofaccesstoweaponsandrelatedtechnologies.Moreover,anumberof participants expressed the view that the international community must continueuniversal adherence to the Hague Code of Conduct on Ballistic Missile Proliferation;worktowardsuniversaladherencetotheAdditionalProtocol;andredoubletheireffortstostrengthenthenon-proliferationtreaty(NPT).

7. InviewoftheoffensecausedbythepublicationofprovocativecartoonsoftheProphetMohammad,andtheviolencethatensued,theMeetingnotedtheneedtolearnfromthissadexperiencetheimportanceofreligioustoleranceandmutualrespect,whilecallingforcalmandrestraint.

8. Interfaithdialogues, as a tool towardattainingpeace through fosteringdialogueandunderstandingbetweenculturesandreligions,hasbeenrecognizedasapositivemeasuretomitigatemisunderstandingintheregion.Countriesintheregionexpressedsupportfor its pursuit and expressed the intent to explore ways within their means to pursueinterfaithactivities.

9. TheMeetingexpresseditsdesirefortherealizationofanuclear-freeKoreanpeninsulaanditscontinuedsupportfortheresumptionofthesixpartytalksatthesoonestpossibletime, pointing out the latter’s vital role in achieving a peaceful negotiated resolutionto the nuclear issue. The participants reaffirmed their support for the September 19,2005 Joint Statement of Principles and emphasized the need for an expeditious andfaithfulimplementationoftheJointStatement.TheMeetingcommendedChinaforitsconstructive role in the talks. Participants further welcomed the recent developments



in the on-going inter-Korean exchanges and reiterated their hope that inter-Koreanrelationswill continue tobe conducive topeaceand stabilityand reinforce efforts fortheresolutionofthenuclearissueintheKoreanpeninsula.TheMeetingwelcomedtheJapan-NorthKoreabilateraltalksthatwereheldfrom4-8February2006inBeijingaftera15month interval.TheMeeting tooknoteof the Japanese intention to continue thedialogue,despitenoprogresshavingbeenmadeonoutstandingissuesofconcern.

10. TheMeetingnotedthattheDeclarationofConductofPartiesintheSouthChinaSea(DoC)hasprovidedaveryimportantstrategiccooperationandpartnershipbetweenASEANandChina.Itwasnotedthatthe2ndmeetingoftheASEAN-ChinaJointWorkingGroupontheImplementationof theDOCheld inSanya,China, inFebruary2006,continued todiscuss projects and policy directions that ASEAN and China could to strengthen theDoC as the framework and guidepost for state-to-state relations with reference to theSouthChinaSea.Manyparticipantsexpressed thehope thatwith the implementationof confidence-building measures, ASEAN and China are moving towards the eventualadoptionofaCodeofConductfortheSouthChinaSea.

11. Anumberofparticipantsreiteratedtheirconcernoverwhattheyconsidertobethelackof progress toward genuine democracy and national reconciliation in Myanmar andurgedthecountrytofulfillitscommitmentsandundertakegenuinereformbyspeedingupitsdemocratizationprocess.Themeetingnotedtheagreementsreachedduringthe11th ASEAN Summit and looked forward to the forthcoming visit of ASEAN StandingCommitteeChairandMalaysianForeignMinisterSyedHamidAlbartoMyanmar.SomeparticipantscalledfortheimmediatereleaseofDawAungSanSuuKyiandotherNLDpoliticalprisoners.OtherparticipantsnotedthatthesituationinMyanmardidnotposeany significant threat to internationaland regional securityand stability,while someothersdisagreed.Someparticipants stressed the importanceofcontinuedengagementwiththecountryratherthanimposingsanctions..

12. The Meeting noted the reporting of Iran by the International Atomic Energy Agencyto the United Nations Security Council regarding its nuclear enrichment activities on4 February 2005. Recognizing the right of all nations to develop nuclear energy forpeaceful purposes and the need to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, theMeetingexpressedthehopethatIranwouldcooperatefullyandtransparentlywiththeIAEAonthe issueof thesuspensionof itsnuclearenrichmentactivitiesasameans tobuild much needed confidence in Iran’s nuclear program. The Participants urged allpartiestoworkforapeacefulanddiplomaticsolutiontotheissue.

13. Participantsexpressedconcernontheriseof sectarianviolence inIraqandhoped forincreasedeffortstorestorepeaceandstability.TheyalsoexpressedhopeforallpartiestoworkforthepromptandsuccessfulpoliticalreconstructionofIraq.


14. The Meeting noted the recent spate of natural disasters highlighted the need tostrengtheninternationalcooperationforswiftandcollectiveresponsesindisasterrelief.ParticipantsexpressedtheircondolencestoPhilippinesforthedevastationandlossesitsustainedduringtherecentlandslidesinSouthernLeyte.

15. Participants agreed that avian and pandemic influenza and other infectious diseasessuch as HIV/AIDS posed significant potential security threats to the countries in theregion. Participants recognized the importance of working with existing multilateralorganizationstoensurethatARFinitiativesarecomplementary.Participantsalsoraisedthepossibilityofestablishinganetworkofsecurityofficialsinvolvedinpandemicissuestoaddresspotentialoutbreaks.

VoluntaryBackgroundBriefings

16. ThemeetingtooknoteofthefollowingvoluntarybriefingsmadebyARFparticipants:• Philippines’measurestoenhancemaritimesecurity(ANNEXE)• Follow-upactivitiesof theRegionalAssistanceMission to theSolomonIslands

(briefingbyNewZealand)• NorthKorea’sbilateralmeetingswithJapan• Australia’s Initiative on Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS)

(ANNEXF)• EmergencyPreparednessinSingapore(ANNEXG)• InternationalPledgingConferenceonAvianandHumanPandemicInfluenzain

Beijing(ANNEXH)• 5thSub-committeeoftheTokyoDefenseForum(ANNEXI)• Laoscontinuingsuccessinopiumeradicationinthecountry(ANNEXJ)• Malaysia’scontributionandroleinemergencyresponseondisasterintheregion

(ANNEXK)• Thailand’sparticipationintheHumanSecurityNetwork(ANNEXL)• Outcome of discussion on human security at the 13th APEC Summit in ROK

(ANNEXM)• MalaysiacirculatedabrochureaboutcoursesbeingofferedbytheSoutheastAsia

CenterforCounter-terrorismfor2006• Russia-ASEANCooperationinCombatingTransnationalCrime(ANNEXN)• IndiagaveaverbalbriefingonmaritimesecuritywithreferencetotheKochiand

Tokyoworkshops.• PreventiveDiplomacy:aRussianPerspective(ANNEXO)



Non-traditionalSecurityIssues

17. Discussions on non-traditional security issues were focused on maritime security,in response to the discussion paper prepared by the Philippines entitled “RegionalCooperationtocombatThreatstoMaritimeSecurity”(ANNEXP).

18. Participants acknowledged that today’s challenges to maritime security now includearace for maritime resources, insurgency and maritime terrorism, illegal boardingandseizureofships,pollution,traffickinginpersonandgoods.Whileitistheprimaryresponsibilityof littoral states to ensuremaritime security,other stakeholders suchasuserstates,funnelstates,andregionalandinternationalorganizations,andtheprivatesector,haverolestoplayincombatingthreatstomaritimesecurity.

19. TheMeetingagreedthat,inordertoensureeffectivemaritimesecurityinitiativesintheregion,cooperativeactivitiesneedtobeundertakenbycountriesintheregion.Aninitialactivitycouldincludethesettingupofadatabaseofexistingmaritimesecurityinitiativesintheregion,whichwilldeterminethegapsinseveralexistinginitiatives,identifytherequirementsof littoral states inbuilding their capacity toaddressmaritime security,aswell as theareaswherepossible collaborative activities can be undertaken withoutundermining the territorial sovereignty participating states. Towards this end, theestablishmentofaregional trainingcenterwasproposed.EffortssuchasReCAAP, theAlamedaMeetingofUserStatestoIdentifyPossibleAssistancetoRespondtotheNeedsofMalaccaStraitLittoralStates(ANNEXQ)andothercollaborativemaritimeactivitiesintheMalaccaStraitandactivitiesundertakenwiththeIMOprocessbasedonstatementsof themeetings inBatamand Jakartaareconstructiveactivities inmaritimesecurity.Itwasagreed that futurecollaborativemaritimeactivitiesespecially thoseconcerningjoint maritime exercises will be carefully studied and consulted between and amongconcernedcountries,with theviewofachievingconsensus.Severalparticipantsnotedtheimportanceofincludingindustryandtheprivatesectorindevelopingprogramsformaritimesecuritycooperation.

20. Participants acknowledged the rising concern of many states regarding the world’senergysupplyandtheimportanceofcooperationandconcertedeffortsbystatestowardsestablishingadialogueonenergysecuritywithintheAsia-Pacificregion.TheMeetingcitedthevitalroleofARFinthepoolingofeffortstoexplorethisissue.

21. Participantsagreedthatavianandpandemicinfluenzacontinuedtoposeasignificantpotential threat to countries in the region. Participants recognized the importanceof working with existing multilateral organizations to ensure that any ARF initiativecomplementedratherthanduplicatedexistinginitiatives.Participantscitedthesuccess


of the Beijing Conference, the International Partnership on Avian and PandemicInfluenza, the high-level regional meeting of APEC economies on AI preparednessand response that was held in Brisbane from 31 October-01 November 2005 buildinginternational partnership based on political commitment. The meeting agreed that itwasimportantthatstatesbecommittedto:transparencyinreportingofinfluenzacasesin humans and in animals, prompt sharing of epidemiological data with the WHO,capacitybuildingtopreventandcontainanemergingepidemic,andearlyinterventioninresponsetopotentialoutbreaks.

22. Participantscitedtheneedforinternationalcooperationagainstothernon-traditionalthreatssuchastraffickinginpersons,cybersecurity,armssmuggling,drugtrafficking,money laundering, smuggling of goods as well as illegal fishing and illegal trade innaturalresources.

23. Citingtherecentspateofcalamitiesandnaturaldisasters,suchastheLeytelandslide,hittingtheregion,participantsagreedthattherewasacriticalneedtoimprovedisastermanagementthroughimprovedcommunicationprotocols,capacitybuilding,seminars,andtheprovisionofearlywarningsystems,withseveralparticipantsnotingtheASEANregionalstandbyarrangement.ThemeetingalsoacknowledgedtheneedforcontinuedsupportforthetrustfundfortheTsunamiearlywarningsystem.

24. Indonesia briefed the Meeting on the results of the 5th ARF Inter-sessional Meetingon Disaster Relief held in Bandung, Indonesia, on 30 November to 2 December 2005.The ISM on DR, which was co-chaired by Indonesia and China, agreed to endeavortoenhancecooperation in risk identificationandmonitoring,disasterpreventionandpreparedness, emergency responseanddisaster relief, and capacity-building.The ISMproduced a draft ARF statement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response.The 2nd revision was distributed for further comments. The statement is expected tobe discussed at the ARF SOM in Karambunai in May 2006 and endorsed to the ARFMinistersinKualaLumpurinJuly2006.

25. TheEUexpresseditsinteresttoco-chairthe7thISMonDRin2007.

26. ChinainformedtheMeetingthat4thARFInter-sessionalMeetingonCounter-terrorismand Transnational Crime (ARF ISM on CTTC), which it is co-chairing with Brunei,has the following thrusts: (a) review of developments in counter-terrorism efforts;(b)discussionontherootcausesofterrorism;and(c)capacity-buildinginemergencyresponseandinformationsharing.Thedateandvenueofthe4thARFISMonCT-TCwillbecommunicatedtoARFcountriesinduecourse.JapanandSingaporeexpressedtheirdesiretoco-chairthe5thARFISMonCT-TCin2007.



Review and Consideration of Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) and PreventiveDiplomacy

27. TheMeetingtooknoteoftheoutcomeandrecommendationsofthefollowingARFinter-sessionalactivities,thereportsofwhichmaybeviewedintheARFNet:• ARFWorkshopon“TrainingforCooperativeMaritimeSecurity”inKochi,India• ARFWorkshoponCapacityBuildingofMaritimeSecurityinTokyo,Japan• ARFSeminaronSmallArmsandLightWeaponsinPhnomPenh,Cambodia• ARF Export Licensing Experts Meeting in Singapore: The Meeting noted the

reportoftheExportLicensingExperts’MeetinginSingaporeon17-19November2005(ANNEXR)andagreedtotablethelistof“BestPracticesinExportControlLicensing”(ANNEXS)totheARFSOMforadoptionandsubsequentendorsementbythe13thARF.

28. SingaporeinvitedparticipantstotheforthcomingARFSeminaronNon-proliferationofWeaponsofMassDestruction,whichitwillhostandco-chairwiththeUnitedStatesandChinaon27-29March2006.

29. TheMeetingreceiveddraftConceptPapersforthefollowingCBMsandagreedtopresenttheseforconsiderationoftheARFSOMtobeheldinKarambunaiinMay2006:• ARF Workshop on Terrorism and Inter-Civilization Dialogue (proposed by

Japan);(ANNEXT)• ARF CBM Seminar on UN Security Council Resolution 1540 (proposed by the

UnitedStates);(ANNEXU)• ConferenceonEmergingInfectiousDiseases(proposedbySingapore);(ANNEXV)• Seminaron“TheRoleof theMilitaryandCivilCooperationin thePrevention

andControlof theSpreadofCommunicableDiseasessuchasSARSandAvianInfluenza”(proposedbyVietnamandAustralia);(ANNEXW)and

• ARFSeminarinNarcoticsControl(proposedbyChina)(ANNEXX).

30. Singapore also circulated the 3rd revised draft concept paper for a Maritime SecurityCapacity-buildingExercise(ANNEXY).Someparticipantswelcomedtherevisedconceptpaper while concerns were expressed by some other participants. The Meeting agreedthat further comprehensive consultations need to be made with Indonesia, Malaysia,andotherconcernedpartiesinthisregard.SomeparticipantsexpressedunderstandingforthesensitivityoftheissueandunderlinedtheneedtodevelopconsensusandupholdtheprincipleofgraduallymovingfromCBMtoPDatapacecomfortabletoall.

31. Indiaproposedtoorganizeaseminaronpeacekeepinginthenextinter-sessionalyearwith a view to discussing challenges for future and the need for capacity-building tomeetthosechallenges.AconceptpaperwillbecirculatedattheARFSOMthisyear.


32. IndiaalsoannounceditsintentiontohostanARFSeminaronCyber-securityattheendofAprilthisyear.Exactdatesandagendawillbecommunicatedinduecourse.

33. ThePhilippinesannounceditsintentiontohostanARFSeminarontheLawoftheSeaConventioninthefirstsemesterof2007.AconceptpaperwillbecirculatedattheARFSOMinMaythisyear.

34. TheEUannounceditsintentiontohostaseminaronenergysecurity,detailsofwhichwillbecommunicatedinduecourse.

FutureDirectionofARF

35. TheMeetingnotedthattheRepublicofKoreaispreparingtoholdtheinauguralmeetingoftheARFEEPsinthemiddleofMayorearlyJunethisyear.Exactdatesanddetailedinformation will be communicated to all the delegations in due course. It was alsosuggestedthatalltheARFparticipantsupdatetheirlistofEEPsornominateandregisternewEEPsincaseofthoseparticipantswhohavenotyetdoneso.

36. TheMeetingconsidered thedraftTermsofReference for theFriendsof theARFChair(FOC)preparedbythePhilippines(ANNEXZ).WrittencommentswererequestedtobesubmittedtothePhilippinesassoonaspossible.

37. The Meeting welcomed the draft Concept Paper on “Enhancing Ties between Tracks I and II in the ARF, and between the ARF and Other Regional and International Security Organizations”,preparedbyThailand(ANNEXAA).WithrespecttoenhancingtieswithTrackII,ThailandsuggestedthatpriorityshouldatthisstagebegiventoCSCAPandASEAN-ISIS.Theco-chairs/chairs could,asa trial,be invited to thenext ISGonCBMandPDmeeting.TheISGco-chairswouldmakeeveryefforttoensurethatTrackIIinviteesdonotraisesensitiveissues.Onenhancingtieswithregionalandinternationalsecurityorganizations,themeetingagreedtoenhancetieswiththeseorganizationsthathavesharedobjectiveswithARF.Atthisstage,ThailandsuggestedthatprioritywillbeplacedonrelationswiththeUN,SCO,CICA,NAM,OAS,OSCE.

38. TheMeetingnotedthatThailandashostcountryhasinvitedARFparticipantstoattendtheOSCE-ThailandConferenceinBangkokon25-26April2006.

39. It was also suggested that ARF enhance ties with UN bodies such as the UN Officefor Drugs and Crime and the Counter-terrorism Executive Directorate. The Meetingrequested that further comments, if any, be conveyed to Thailand by 10 March 2006.ThailandwouldthencirculateareviseddrafttoallARFparticipants.AfinaldraftofthetextwouldbesubmittedtotheARFSOMinMay2006forconsiderationandapproval.



40. TheISGagreedtoendorsetherevisedARFFundProjectBrief,foradoptionbytheARFSOM.TherevisedARFFundProjectBriefappearsasANNEXBB.

PreparationsforthenextARFISGonCBMandPDin2006-2007

41. TheMeetingagreedthatthedateandvenueforthenextroundofARFISGonCBMandPDwillbedecidedduringtheARFSOMinKarambunaiinMay2006.

OtherMatters

42. The ARF Unit briefed participants on updates to its “Matrix of ARF Decisions andStatus.”

43. TheARFUnitalsoinformedthemeetingthatithasestablishedanARFnetworkdirectoryonARFcontactpointsinsixareasofARFcooperation.ARFcountrieswererequestedtoviewandupdate,ifandwhennecessary,thesedatabasesintheARFNet.


Co-ChAirS’ SummAry reporT oF The ArF WorKShop on CApACiTy building oF mAriTime SeCuriTy

ToKyo, JApAn, 19-20 deCember 2005

Introduction

1. Pursuanttotheapprovalofthe12thMinisterialMeetingoftheASEANRegionalForum(ARF) held in Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic on 29 July 2005, the ARFWorkshoponCapacityBuildingofMaritimeSecuritywasheldon19-20December2005inTokyo,Japan.TheWorkshopwasco-chairedbyH.E.Mr.MasaharuKohno,DeputyVice-MinisterforForeignPolicy,MinistryofForeignAffairsofJapan,andH.E.Mr.HerijantoSoeprapto,Director-GeneralforAsiaPacificandAfrica,DepartmentofForeignAffairsofIndonesia.

2. ThemeetingwasattendedbyrepresentativesofAustralia,BruneiDarussalam,Cambodia,Canada, China, European Union, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, LaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublic,Malaysia,Myanmar,NewZealand,Pakistan,PapuaNewGuinea,Philippines,RussianFederation,Singapore,Thailand,UnitedStatesofAmerica,andVietNam.TheARFUnitalsoparticipatedintheWorkshop.SeveralparticipantshadExpertsandEminentPersons(EEPs)intheirrespectivedelegations.ThelistofdelegatesisattachedasANNEXI.

3. Theworkshopaimeda) torecognizetheimportanceofenhancingcountries’capabilitiestoaddressthe

issueofmaritimesecurity;b) to identify challenges in building countries’ capacity in the field of maritime

security;c) toidentifythebestpracticetotackletheproblems;andd) to promote further cooperation among the ARF participants to improve their

capacityinensuringmaritimesecurity.

4. TheAnnotatedAgendaisattachedasANNEXIIandtheProgramofActivitiesisattachedasANNEXIII.



AgendaItem1:OpeningRemarksbytheCo-Chairs

5. H.E. Mr. Masaharu Kohno, Deputy Vice-Minister for Foreign Policy of the Ministry ofForeign Affairs of Japan, in his opening remarks, welcomed the participants to theWorkshop.HehighlightedtheimportanceofmaritimesecurityfortheARFparticipantsingeneral,andJapaninparticular.Hegaveathoroughreviewofthecurrentmaritimesecuritysituationandmaintainedthatmaritimesecuritywassignificanttotheeconomicgrowthof the region.Healso stressed thatmaritime security was trans-national thusrequiredcooperationandcoordinationunderinternationalandmultilateralframeworks.He was pleased, that the ARF had intensified efforts in addressing the threats ofmaritimesecurityandneededtomovefrom“words”to“action”inordertotakeeffectivemeasures. He hoped that the Workshop would serve as a meaningful opportunity forthe ARF participants to exchange views and ideas to improve their capacity and topromotefurthermutualcooperation.TheopeningremarksofH.E.Mr.KohnoappearasANNEXIV.

6. H.E.Mr.HerijantoSoeprapto,Director-GeneralforAsiaPacificandAfricaoftheMinistryof Foreign Affairs of Indonesia, in delivering his opening remarks, expressed hisappreciationtobeaco-chairwithJapaninthisimportantmaritimesecurityWorkshop.He emphasized the timely manner of the Workshop and shared the view that theWorkshopwouldcontributetotheenhancementofARFparticipants’understandingandproductionofmoreconcreteandbeneficialcooperativeprogrammesonthisparticularimportant issue. He highlighted the strategic role that maritime security played inbridgingpeoplearoundtheworld.HeemphasizedthatARFhadtakenintensifiedstepstowardscombatingthreatstomaritimesecuritythroughtheissuanceof,amongothers,ARFStatementonCooperationagainstPiracyandOtherThreats toMaritimeSecurityaswellastheimplementationofotherconcretemeasures.Heviewedthatthoughalothad been done, more efforts were needed to enhance maritime security, particularlyinthefieldofcapacitybuilding.TheopeningremarksofH.E.Mr.HerijantoappearasANNEXV.

AgendaItem2:Follow-upofPreviousARFCBMsregardingMaritimeSecurity

7. In thisAgenda item, thehostcountriesof thepreviousARFCBMsregardingmaritimesecurity made presentations on their CBMs with a view to highlighting outstandingissuesincapacitybuildingofmaritimesecurity.

Presentations

8. Thefollowingpresentationsweremadebyrespectivepresenters.a) ARF Workshop on Maritime Security by Mr. Norjufri Nizar Edrus, Assistant

Secretary,MinistryofForeignAffairs,Malaysia(ANNEXVI)


b) ARFCBMonRegionalCooperationinMaritimeSecuritybyMr.KwokFookSeng,DeputyDirector/SpecialProjects,SoutheastAsiaDirectorate,MinistryofForeignAffairs,Singapore(ANNEXVII)

c) ARFWorkshoponTrainingforCooperativeinMaritimeSecuritybyDr.JitendraNath Misra, Joint Secretary, Headquarters Integrated Defence Staff, India(ANNEXVIII)

9. In itspresentation,Malaysia informed themeetingof itsnewlyoperationalMalaysianMaritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA). Malaysia also highlighted the efforts takenbyMalaysiaandotherARFcountries inmaritimesecurityandsafetyespecially in theMalacca and Singapore Straits. The participants discussed various ways to enhancecapacitybuilding,takingintoaccountthediscussionsheldearlieratthepreviousmeeting.Thesecould includecreationofadatabasewhichcouldidentifyexistingbilateralandmultilateralinitiativesonavoluntarybasis.TheyconcurredthatsuchadatabaseshouldalsobeabletoidentifythemaritimeagenciesofvariousARFparticipantsandifpossiblefocalpoints.Thesesuggestionsneedtobeexploredamongthelittoralstates.

10. ThemeetingnotedthatthisseriesofmaritimesecurityCBMshadproducedanumberofusefulproposalsforconcretecooperation.Thisprovidedasolidbasistotranslatetheideasdiscussedintoconcreteactions.Asafirststep,themeetingagreedtoundertakeastocktakingofongoingmaritimesecuritycooperationamongtheparticipants.

AgendaItem3:NationalCapacityBuildingforMaritimeSecurity

Presentations

11. Thefollowingpresentationsweremadebyrespectivepresenters.a) Australia:Mr.JohnKilner,ActingExectiveDirector,OfficeofTransportSecurity,

DepartmentofTransportandRegionalServices(ANNEXIX)b) Japan:Mr.HiromichiNakamura,SeniorLiaisonOfficer,InternationalAffairs&

CrisisManagementDivision,JapanCoastGuard(ANNEXX)

Discussion

12. Theparticipantshighlightedtheimportanceofmaritimesecuritytointernationalandregional peace and security given their strategic role in global trade and economy.The Workshop emphasized that institutional arrangements, legal frameworks andresources contributed to better capacity building in maritime security. They notedthe importance of inter-agency coordination in order to determine national capacitybuildingrequirements.



13. Theyreiteratedtheircommitmenttocontinuetoworktogetherwithaviewtosustainingsuccessfulcooperativeeffortsincapacitybuildingaswellasinsharingofinformation,experience and lessons learnt. Australia circulated a paper outlining the coastwatchmodel of a civil contracted aerial surveillance regime that might be an appropriate,cost-effectivemodelforothercountriesorgroupsofcountries.

14. The workshop welcomed the contribution to regional capacity building for maritimesecuritybeingmadebytheCouncilforSecurityCooperationintheAsia-Pacific(CSCAP),including the provision at the meeting of the monograph on “Capacity Building forMaritimeSecurityCooperationintheAsia-Pacific.”

AgendaItem4:MutualCooperationamongARFMembersonCapacityBuildingforMaritimeSecurity

Presentations

15. Thefollowingpresentationsweremadebyrespectivepresenters.a) Indonesia: Mr. Febrian A. Ruddyard, Deputy Director, Directorate of Intra-

RegionalCooperationforAsiaPacificandAfrica,DepartmentofForeignAffairs(ANNEXXI)

b) Russian Federation: Mr. Alexander Ignatov, Deputy Director, Department ofASEAN&AsiaPacificAffairs,MinistryofForeignAffairs(ANNEXXII)

c) Thailand:Ms.PrangtipKongridhisuksakorn,SecondSecretary,DepartmentofASEANAffairs,MinistryofForeignAffairs(Oralpresentation)

d) Singapore: Colonel Dexter Chia, Deputy Commander, Coastal Command,RepublicofSingaporeNavy(ANNEXXIII)

e) Pakistan:CAPTMohammadMohsinMirza,DeputyDirectorGeneral,MaritimeSecurityAgency(ANNEXXIV)

Discussion

16. TheWorkshopunderlinedtheimportanceoftheapplicationofbasicinternationalandregional principles, conventions and institutional frameworks for cooperation amongARFparticipantsoncapacitybuildingofmaritimesecuritysuchastheUnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSea(UNCLOS),1982.Inthatconnection,theywelcomedcooperationinmaritimesecuritywithfullrespecttosovereigntyoflittoralstatesandatanincrementalpacecomfortabletoall.

17. Someparticipantsnotedtheholisticapproachtothreatstomaritimesecurityincludingsafety of navigation and environmental protection. They welcomed the extensiveprogrammeofbilateralandmultilateralcooperation,includingexercises,betweenARFmembers. They also noted the initiatives to further enhance these maritime security


capacity building arrangements in various domains such as planning, networking,information sharing, determination of national and regional objectives, conduct ofneeds assessments, interoperability enhancement, technical assistance and training,operational solutionsaswell as cooperationwith industry.These suggestionshoweverneedtobefurtherexplored.

18. Theparticipantsnotedthatcurrently therewasasatisfactorydegreeofcooperationinmaritime capacity building among the ARF participants which needed to be furtherexplored and developed in a systemized and organized way in order to make the bestout of it. They shared the view that this would reflect the spirit of the ARF process to“translatewordsintoaction.”

AgendaItem5:FutureCooperationandProspectiveSupportforMaritimeSecurity.

Presentations

19. Thefollowingpresentationsweremadebyrespectivepresenters.a) China: Mr. Ning Bo, Chief Port State Control Officer, China Maritime Safety

Administration(ANNEXXV)b) India: CDR Pradeep Singh, Joint Director, Foreign Cooperation, Naval

Headquarters,MinistryofDefence(ANNEXXVI)c) RepublicofKorea:Mr.KangByong-jo,DeputyDirector,SecurityPolicyDivision,

MinistryofForeignAffairsandTrade(ANNEXXVII)d) USA: Mr. Steven McGann, Senior Advisor, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific

Affairs,DepartmentofState(ANNEXXVIII)

Discussion

20. Someparticipantsnoted that threats to strategicwaterwayswere realandurgent thuscalledforcommonactiontobuildcapabilitiessoastoaddressdifferentthreatsandtodevelopapartnershipinordertoenhanceoverallcapabilitiesandcapacities.Participantsexpressed support for theeffortsof the InternationalMaritimeOrganization(IMO) toassistuserandlittoralstatesintheireffortstobuildcapacityandcooperation.

21. Themeetingnotedinitiativesofferedbytheparticipantsasfollows;a) Japanexpressed its intention tocontinue its role inenhancingcooperationon

maritimesecurity.b) Indiareiterated its support tovariousongoinginitiatives toenhancemaritime

securityintheregionandhighlighteditscapabilitiesinthesphereoftrainingandhydrography.



c) IndonesiainformedontheavailabilityoftheJakartaCenterforLawEnforcementCooperation,co-ownedbyIndonesiaandAustralia,asatrainingfacilityforlawenforcementofficialsinmaritimesecurity.

d) TheUSoffered to co-hosta seminaronMaritimeDomainAwarenessandwilllookforpartnersandbestopportunityin2006.

22. Asastartingpoint,makinguseoftheARFparticipants’resourcescurrentlyavailablewasencouraged inorder tostrengthenmaritimesecuritycapacitybuilding.TheWorkshopunderlined the importance of the following, while sharing the view that the ARF hasproventobeasignificantbuildingblock inenhancinggreaterawareness inmaritimesecurityandthismomentummustbesustained:• Designatingfocalpoints to facilitate informationsharingandcommunication

amongtheARFparticipants.TheparticipantswillconveythefullcontactdetailstotheARFUnit.

• Stocktaking and building-up of a maritime security cooperative database tocompileandtoconsolidateamongotherstheavailabletraining/HRDactivitiesandongoinginitiativesonanational,bilateralormultilateralbasis.

• Enhanced capacity building would cover improving human resources andgearingupinstitutionsandlegalframeworks.Continuedinformationexchangeonnational,bilateralandmultilateralinitiativeswouldbeuseful.Inthecontextof stocktaking exercise and capacity building, it would be useful to furtherexploreandimplementthesuggestionofhavingaregionalcentreformaritimetraining.

• Examining the possibility of organizing joint coordinated efforts throughexpanded bilateral and multilateral arrangements while involving the userstates.

• Emphasis on the importance of private sector cooperation, particularly theshippingandinsuranceindustries,inmaritimesecurityactivities.

AgendaItem6:ConsiderationandAdoptionoftheCo-chair’sReport

23. TheWorkshopconsideredandadoptedtheCo-Chairs’SummaryReport.

Acknowledgement

24. TheWorkshopexpresseditsgratitudeandappreciationtothepeopleandtheGovernmentofJapanfortheexcellentarrangementsmadefortheWorkshopandforthehospitalityextended to the participants of the Workshop. They also expressed their appreciationfor the able chairmanship of the two co-chairs in making the Workshop fruitful andsuccessful.


Co-ChAirS’ SummAry reporToF The FiFTh ArF inTer-SeSSionAl meeTing on diSASTer relieF

bAndung, indoneSiA, 30 november-2 deCember 2005

Introduction

1. As mandated by the 12th ARF Ministerial Meeting in Vientane, Laos on 29 July 2005,the5thARFInter-sessionalMeetingonDisasterRelief(ISMDR)washeldinBandung,Indonesiaon30November-2December2005.TheMeetingwasco-chairedbyMr.DianTriansyah Djani, Director for Inter-Regional Cooperation for Asia Pacific and Africa,DepartmentofForeignAffairsoftheRepublicofIndonesiaandH.E.Dr.ZhenyaoWang,DirectorGeneralofDepartmentofDisasterandSocialRelief,MinistryofCivilAffairsofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.TheMeetingwasattendedbydelegatesfromAustralia,BruneiDarussalam,Canada,China,EuropeanUnion,India,Indonesia,Japan,RepublicofKorea,LaoPDR,Malaysia,Myanmar,Mongolia,NewZealand,Pakistan,PapuaNewGuinea,Philippines,RussianFederation,Singapore,Thailand,TimorLeste,UnitedStatesof America, and Vietnam. The Representatives of the ARF Unit and the EnvironmentDisaster Management Unit of the ASEAN Secretariat, International Federation of RedCross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), and United Office for the Coordination ofHumanitarianAffairs(UNOCHA)werealsopresent.ThelistofdelegatesisattachedasANNEX1.

2. The Meeting was aimed at stock-taking the capabilities of individual countries indeployingtheircivilandmilitaryassetstothedisaster-affectedareas,enhancingcivil-military relations in the ARF process on disaster relief operations, exchanging viewsand experiences on disaster preparedness and relief operations including sharing ofinformation,transferofknowledge,andcapacitybuildingaswellasupdatingtheARFcontact points and training institutionsondisaster relief.TheMeetingalsodiscussedfuturedirectionsofARFcooperationwithregardtonaturaldisasters.TheAgendaoftheMeetingappearsasANNEX2.

AgendaItem1:OpeningSession

3. TheIndonesianARFSOMLeader,H.E.Mr.HerijantoSoeprapto,inhisopeningremarksstressed the importance of having the 5th ARF ISM DR since the Asia Pacific regionrecently experienced a series of natural disasters, inter alia, tsunami, earthquake,cyclone,andhurricanewhichaffectedthelivelihoodandwellbeingofmanypeopleof



theARFparticipants. Inaddition,heemphasized theneed for theARFparticipants tocooperate inorder tobetterprepare the region for such futuredisasters.TheOpeningRemarksoftheIndonesianARFSOMLeaderappearsasANNEX3.

4. H.E.Dr.ZhenyaoWangasCo-ChairthankedtheGovernmentoftheRepublicofIndonesiaforhostingthisimportantMeeting.HepointedoutthattheARFISMDRwasimportantforregionalcooperationinrespondingtonaturaldisastersandprovidinghumanitarianrelief assistance to the victims in a swift, coordinated, and effective manner. Hereiterated China’s commitment to regional cooperation in providing humanitarianassistance indisaster relief.Healso stated thatChinahosted theAsianConferenceonDisasterReductioninBeijinginSeptember2005andwillco-hostthe6thARFISMDRwith Indonesia in China. The Opening Remarks of the Chinese Co-Chair appears asANNEX4.

AgendaItem2:ReviewofthePreviousARFActivitiesonDisasterRelief

5. TheVietnamesedelegatebriefedtheMeetingontheReviewofARFActivitiesonDisasterRelief.Hepresented the resultsof the4th ISMDR inHaNoi,Vietnam,4-6May2000.Hestressedthatinter-agencycoordination,especiallybetweenthemilitaryandcivilianagencies, plays a crucial role in the process of disaster relief. He stated that the earlywarning system is a critical element in disaster preparedness and mitigation, andrecommended the exchange of experience and information sharing, enhancement ofregional capacities for disaster preparedness and disaster relief, training on disastermanagement skills, and promoting greater public awareness. The presentation of theVietnamesedelegateappearsasANNEX5.

6. The Philippines delegate presented the results of the ARF Workshop on Civil-MilitaryOperations (CMO) on Disaster Relief held in Manila, 11-14 September 2005 and thenecessitytoimplementtherecommendationsresultantfromtheWorkshop.Hestressedtheneed to recognize the importanceofCMO inmeeting regionalpeaceand securitychallenges and fostering harmonious relationships among ARF participants. He alsoemphasizedtheimportantroleplayedbythearmedforces indisasterreliefoperationsand the need to find a common understanding for CMO. The presentation of thePhilippinesdelegateappearsasANNEX6.

7. The Meeting was briefed by the Head of the ARF Unit in the ASEAN Secretariat onthe Recurring Themes and Recommendations of Previous ARF Meetings on DisasterRelief. He underlined previous discussions and the need for an ARF regional standbyarrangement and the exchange of information on disaster management as well assettingupanARFdatabaseofassetsandcapabilities.Hehighlightedtheimportanceofcontinuingwithcapacitybuilding,particularlyincivil-militarycooperationindisasterrelief as well as raising public awareness. He also reiterated the concept of volunteer


countries (“shepherds”)as recommendedby theARFWorkshoponCMO inManila tocoordinatetheimplementationofrecommendationsofvariousARFmeetingsondisasterrelief.ThepresentationoftheARFUnitRepresentativeappearsasANNEX7.

8. The delegate from the Republic of Korea stressed that military assistance is essentialinsupportingdisasterreliefactivities in theaffectedareas.In thisregard,hebelievedthat, with the diversity of its participants, the ARF can serve as a useful forum fordisasterrelief.HehopedthattheARFwillsignificantlycontributeinthisfield,inclosecooperationwithotherinternationalagencies,suchastheUnitedNations.

9. The Indian delegate mentioned two main issues in handling disasters, namely theorganizationofdisasterreliefandcarryingoutthereliefitself.Healsounderlinedtheimportance of forming infrastructure on: early warning systems, carrying out relief,rehabilitation/reconstruction, and training to carry out all the other stages. He alsounderlinedtheimportanceofprovidingimmediateresponsetodisasterandcoordinationofreliefandrehabilitation.

10. The Meeting noted the following countries have volunteered to serve as shepherds tocoordinate interim efforts to further the work of the ARF in disaster relief: Australia,Indonesia, Malaysia, and the United States. The Meeting invited other countries tovolunteerforthispurposeandtoconveytheirintereststotheCo-Chairs.

AgendaItem3:Principles,ConceptsandProceduresofCivil-MilitaryCooperationonDisasterRelief

3.1 GeneralConductonDisasterReliefManagement

11. The Head of the IFRC Delegation in Jakarta gave a presentation on the FundamentalCommitment to Coordination of Disaster Relief Assistance. He pointed out that theIFRCisfullycommittedtothecoordinationofdisasterreliefassistance.Inaddition,heunderscoredthattheIFRCNationalSecretariatsalwaysmaintaindialoguewithmilitarybodies in their respective countries through an exchange of views on methods andactivities,developingmutualunderstandingonrolesandmandatesaswellasbuildingmutualtrustandrespect.Healsonotedthattheresponsibilityforcoordinationlieswithnationalgovernments.ThepresentationoftheIFRCappearsasANNEX8.

3.2 Civil-MilitaryCoordination

12. TheRepresentativeofUNOCHAbriefedtheMeetingontheUnitedNationsHumanitarianCivil-MilitaryCoordination(UNCMCord).HementionedthatthecoreoftheUNCMCord’swork is thedevelopmentofUnitedNationssystem-wideguidelines.Heunderlined thatthekeyelementsinunderstandingcivil-militarycoordinationareinformationsharing,



division of tasks, and planning. The presentation of the Representative of UNOCHAappearsasANNEX9.

13. The Chinese delegate briefed the Meeting on the Chinese Military Role in DomesticEmergencyRescueandDisasterRelief.Hepointedout that inorder toconductpropercivil-military cooperation in disaster relief operations, it is necessary to have a legalframework.Hementioned thatChinaenacted theFirstConstitution in1954,NationalDefense Law in 2000, and Regulations on the Army’s Participation in EmergencyRescueandDisasterReliefin2005,whichprovidethelegalframeworkforthemilitary’sparticipationinemergencyrescue.ThepresentationoftheChinesedelegateappearsasANNEX10.

14. TheSingaporeandelegatecommentedthatcivil-militarycoordinationindisasterreliefis crucial. He proposed that ARF could explore cooperation in the area of sharing ofinformationandknowledge,thedevelopmentofstandardoperatingprocedures,networksoftrainingprograms,andearlywarningsystems.

15. ThedelegatefromtheRepublicofKoreacommentedthat,inthecontextofcivil-militarycooperation, it would be wise to clearly define the scope of disasters, which can beproperlyaddressedwithintheframeworkoftheARF.

Agenda Item 4: Exchange of Experience, Capacity Building and Information Sharing onCivil-MilitaryDisasterReliefOperation

4.1 NationalCapabilities

16. The Indonesian delegates briefed the Meeting on several aspects of civil-militarycoordinationaswellasexperienceswithregardtotheeffortstomitigatetheimpactofthetsunamiaswellaseffortstorehabilitateandreconstructAcehandNiasIsland.TheyunderlinedthefactthatdisasterreliefinAcehisanexcellentexampleofinternationalcooperation in timeofneedswherebycivil-militaryelementsofARFparticipantshaveworkedtogetherclosely.Theygavepresentationson:(a)Civil-MilitaryCoordinationonDisasterReliefinIndonesia(ANNEX11);(b)theRolesofIndonesianNationalDefenseForces (TNI) in Humanitarian Assistance Operation (ANNEX 12); and (c) LearningfromDisasterExperiencestoBuildBetterGovernancePractices(ANNEX13)

17. The United States delegates briefed the Meeting on Exploring New Models forHumanitarian Action (ANNEX 14) and on the Incident Command System Overview(ANNEX 15). They highlighted the importance of promoting effective civil-militarymanagement in international humanitarian assistance, disaster response, andpeacekeeping operations. The Incident Command System (ICS), as one componentof National Incident Management System (NIMS), is now utilized for all emergency


responseintheUSandisthebasicmanagementframeworkstructuretointegrateanytypeofresources,includingpolice,military,technicalexperts,NGOs,andinternationalresources.

18. The Canadian delegate introduced the Government of Canada Guidelines onHumanitarianActionandCivil-MilitaryCoordinationwhichappearsasANNEX16.

19. The Australian delegates briefed the Meeting on the National Capabilities for DisasterPreparedness and Disaster Relief (ANNEX 17) and on Civil-Military Operations-HumanitarianAssistance-PandemicInfluenza(ANNEX18).Theydescribedthatdifferentfrom regular military operations, civil-military coordination does not have a formalcommand and control structure. They highlighted the importance of understandinginter-agency operations, coordination/cooperation, and multi-agency planning. Theyalso emphasized the importance of having a legal basis in deploying the military,includingincurbingthespreadofavianinfluenzapandemic.

20. The Indiandelegatebriefed theMeetingonDisasterManagement: IndianExperience.Hehighlightedthatindisastermanagement,itisnecessarytoenhancecapacitybuildingfor all governments/organizations/armed forces/states, provide special budgeting(dedicatedfunds)fordisasterreliefefforts,institutionalizepublicawarenesscampaign,synergizeallagencies,andintegratethemedia.Heunderlinedtheimportanceofsharingexperiences,optimizingexpertiseandcooperationaswellasexecutinglessonslearned.ThepresentationoftheIndiandelegateappearsasANNEX19.

21. The Meeting was briefed by the Chinese delegate on China’s Policies and Measureson Disaster Relief. He stated that China has streamlined and regulated its disastermanagement system at the central and local governments through setting up goodoperationalsystemsandprocedures,includingsettingupearlywarningsystems.Healsoemphasized that socialparticipation isan important supplement togovernment reliefefforts.ThepresentationoftheChinesedelegateappearsasANNEX20.

22. TheRussianFederationdelegatebriefedtheMeetingontheExperienceof theRussianFederation in Responding to Emergency Situations. He suggested that the maindirectionsofinternationalcooperationshouldfocusupontheexchangeofinformation,jointdevelopmentofmodelsofprognosisofpossiblethreatsandmethodsofreducingtheaftermathofnaturalcalamities,jointhi-techresearchworkandproduction,exchangeof experience, and development of joint programs for the basis of cooperation in thecaseofnaturalcalamity.ThepresentationoftheRussianFederationdelegateappearsasANNEX21.

23. TheSingaporeandelegatebriefedtheMeetingontheRoleofMilitariesinHumanitarianAssistance and Disaster Relief Operations. He underlined the importance of rapid



identification of needs required to prepare and conduct disaster relief operations.He further stressed that such cooperation demands a high degree of inter-agencycoordinationandconsolidation.ThepresentationoftheSingaporeandelegateappearsasANNEX22.

24. TheNewZealanddelegatesubmittedthepaperonNewZealand’sApproachtoDisasterReliefwhichappearsasANNEX23.

25. ThePakistanidelegateshareditsexperiencewiththeMeetingontheaftermathoftheearthquake disaster. He proposed the idea of establishing a regional arrangement tocoordinateinternationalassistance.Healsoemphasizedtheimportanceofconductingjointexerciseandsharingofinformation.

26. The delegate from the Republic of Korea made an introduction on Korea’s domesticmechanismforcivil-militarycooperationindisasterrelief,whichisbasedonaframeworkagreementbetweentheCentralDisasterManagementOrganizationandtheMinistryofDefense,andalsoremindedtheMeetingoftheneedforenhancinglegalarrangementsfordisasterreliefoperations.

27. The Meeting recognized that most countries already have civil-military cooperationarrangements in conducting domestic rescue operations. It was highlighted that thebasis for humanitarian assistance is an assessment of needs, synchronized with theresourcesavailableatthetime.Itwasunderlinedthatitisoftheutmostimportanceinprovidinghumanitarianassistancetohavetheconsentofthenationalgovernmentandtoadheretothedesignatedtimeframegivenbythenationalgovernment.

4.2 RegionalCapabilities

28. The Representative of the European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid Department(ECHO) gave a presentation on EU Tsunami Operations. He elaborated that regionalcapabilitiescouldhelpensuretherapidresponseofbothcivilandmilitaryoperations.He underlined that regional capabilities should include the establishment of an earlywarningsystem,formulationofahandbook,includingguidelinesontheuseofmilitaryassets indisaster reliefoperations,andalignmentwith internationalguidelines, suchas the UNOCHA framework. The presentation of the ECHO Representative appears asANNEX24.

29. The Malaysian delegate gave a presentation on ASEAN Cooperation on Disaster andEmergencyRelief.Hestatedthatindevelopingregionalcapabilitiesaformalagreementor arrangement is needed. Strategic and operational considerations as well asidentifyingstagesofdisasterreliefmanagement,actionplans,andcapabilitiesrequiredare essential.Healso supported thedevelopmentof theASEANStandbyAgreementon


Disaster Management and Emergency Response (ADMER). The presentation of theMalaysiandelegateappearsasANNEX25.

30. TheRepresentativesoftheASEANSecretariatbriefedtheMeetingontheASEANFrameworkonCivil-MilitaryCoordinationonDisasterRelief.TheASEANSecretariatreaffirmedthatdisaster management provides a strategic opportunities for regional collaboration inARF.Takingintotheavailableframework,platformsandongoingactivitiesinASEAN,itwassuggestedthattheARFtakeadvantagesoftheseelements.TheASEANSecretariatinformedtheMeetingontheforthcomingASEANregionaldisasteremergencyresponsesimulation exercise in Cambodia in 2006. The presentation of the ASEAN SecretariatRepresentativeappearsasANNEX26.

31. The Meeting noted the development of regional standby arrangements as well asstandardoperatingprocedures indisasterreliefbyASEAN.In thisregard, theMeetingrecognized the need to consider the existing regional arrangements as well as otheravailableframeworksasreferenceindevelopingguidelinesforARF.

AgendaItem5:FutureDirectionofARFISMDR

32. TheMeetingdiscussedtheissueonhowARFcouldenhanceitscooperationindisasterrelief, especially on capacity building of its participants including in training andexercises and updating the ARF contact points and training institutions on disasterrelief.

33. The participants underlined the importance of implementing and operationalizingvariousoutcomesofpreviousARFmeetingsaswellastheneedstoenhancecivil-militarycoordination and cooperation between ARF participants in preventing and mitigatingnaturaldisastersaswellasaddressingtheaftermathsofnaturaldisasters.

34. The Meeting discussed the possibility of establishing a database of ARF participants’capacities in disaster relief as well as setting up an ARF virtual task force in disasterresponsemanagement.ItwasalsoproposedfortheARFtoworkonanARFactionplanondisastermanagementandemergencyresponse.

35. The Meeting was informed that China and Indonesia will work toward drafting ARFGuidelinesonRegionalCooperationonDisasterRelief,takingintoaccounttheASEANAgreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response and other availablearrangementsandframeworks.

36. The Indonesian Co-Chair presented the draft of the ARF Statement on DisasterManagement and Emergency Response. He stressed that the draft statement reflectedvariousARFmeetingoutcomesinthepastaswellasexpectationsforARFcooperation



in the future in addressing natural disasters. The draft statement is expected to beadoptedatthe13thARFMinisterialMeetinginKualaLumpurin2006.Inthisregard,delegationsareexpectedtoprovidecommentsbeforetheInter-sessionalSupportGroupon Confidence Building Measures and Preventive Diplomacy (ISG CBMs and PD) inManila inMarch2006.Thedraft of theARFStatementonDisasterManagementandEmergencyResponseappearsasANNEX27.

37. ThePeople’sRepublicofChinaandIndonesiawillco-chairtheSixthISMDRmeetinginChinain2006.

AgendaItem6:AdoptionoftheCo-Chairs’SummaryReport

38. TheMeetingconsideredandadoptedtheCo-Chairs’SummaryReport.

39. TheMeetingexpresseditsgratitudeandappreciationtotheGovernmentoftheRepublicofIndonesiaforitsgeneroushospitalityandfortheexcellentarrangementsmadeforthemeeting.

40. TheCo-ChairsthankedalltheparticipantsfortheirsupportandvaluablecontributiontotheMeeting.


Co-ChAirS’ SummAry oF ASeAn regionAl Forum exporT liCenSing experTS meeTing

SingApore, 17-18 november 2005

1. Asendorsedbythe12thASEANRegionalForuminVientianeon29July,2005,SingaporeandCanada co-hosted the ARF Export Licensing Experts Meeting on 17-18 November, 2005, inSingapore.

2. The meeting was co-chaired by Ms. Teo Siew Lan, Assistant-Director-General (Controls),SingaporeCustoms,andMr.MichaelRooney,Director,ExportControlsDivision,InternationalTrade Canada. The meeting was attended by representatives of ARF participants, namelyAustralia,Brunei,Canada,China,EuropeanUnion,India,Japan,theRepublicofKorea,LaoPDR,Malaysia,NewZealand,Pakistan, thePhilippines, theRussianFederation,Singapore,Thailand,theUnitedStatesofAmerica,VietnamandtheARFUnitoftheASEANSecretariat.TheChairmanoftheMissileTechnologyControlRegime(MTCR),AmbassadorManuelViturrodelaTorrealsoparticipatedinthemeeting.ThelistofdelegatesappearsasANNEXA.

AgendaItem1:WelcomeandOpeningAddress

3. Inthewelcomeaddress,Mr.TeoEngCheong,Director-General,SingaporeCustoms,welcomedtheparticipantstothemeetingandunderlinedtheimportanceofexportcontrolsinthefightagainst theproliferationofweaponsofmassdestruction.Hereminded theparticipants thateffectivelicensingsystemscontributetoreducingtheriskofdiversion.Inhisopeningaddress,Mr. Michael Rooney also stressed the importance of export controls as a delicate balancebetweenthecommercialinterestsandsecurityinterestsofeverycountry.Heoutlinedthekeyelementsofeffectivelicensingandraisedtheimportanceofindustryawarenessandoutreach.TheopeningstatementsappearasANNEXESBandC.

AgendaItem2:WhatistheScopeofExportControls

4. The Meeting heard a presentation by Singapore on its export control regime and therequirements for physical transfers on exports, re-exports, transhipment and transit, theintangible transfer of technology and brokering activities. Participants were also briefedby the United States on the licensing of intangible transfers of technology, includingthe US rules on “deemed” exports and re-exports. These presentations appear asANNEXESDandE.



5. Meetingparticipantsexchangedviewsonthekeyaspectsofphysicaltransfers,includingtheprocessleadingtotheissuanceordenialofapermitapplication.Participantsalsodiscussedthechallengesrelatedtocontrollingtheintangibletransferoftechnology.

AgendaItem3:HowtoAdministertheControlList

6. Australia made a presentation on the administration of control lists from the WassenaarArrangement, the Nuclear Suppliers Group and the Australia Group. Ambassador ManuelViturrodelaTorre,ChairmanoftheMissileTechnologyControlRegime(MTCR),briefedtheparticipantsontheMTCR.Theparticipantsdiscussedthedifferentaspectsofthemunitionslistanddual-uselistfromthevariouscontrollists.Thosewhoaremembersoftheinternationalexportcontrolregimesrecognizedtheimportanceofupdatingandapplyingtheregimelistsinthenationalcontextandencouragedcountriesintheregiontoconsidersubscribingtotheguidelinesofthevariousregimes.ThesepresentationsappearasANNEXESFandG.

AgendaItem4:HowtoLicenseExportControls?

7. Canada briefed participants on critical elements of effective export controls, including thelicensing approving authorities, the licence application process, complementary measuresand the inter-agency consultationandcoordinationprocess (AnnexH).TheUS shared theexperienceofitsDepartmentofCommerceonend-userverificationchecksandonriskanalysis(ANNEXI).

8. Participantsdiscussedthechallengesfacedbyallcountriesinconductingend-usechecksandnoted that somecountries involve their diplomaticmissionsabroad toassist their licensingauthoritiesinthepre-licencechecks.

AgendaItem5:WhataretheChallengesinLicensingExportControls?

9. Representatives from China and the Philippines briefed participants on their respectivechallenges and experience in licensing export controls. Delegates discussed various issuesincluding the legislative basis to license export controls and the need to involve industry.Participantsrecognizedthattheintangibletransferoftechnologyconstitutesoneofthebiggestchallenges for export controls. They also discussed the difficulties for some countries withlimitedresourcestoimplementcomprehensiveexportcontrolsystemsandtheneedforgreatercooperationwithintheARFonthisissue.PresentationsbyChinaandthePhilippinesappearasANNEXESJandK.

AgendaItem6:HowtoFacilitateLegitimateTradeinExportControls

10. Under thisagenda item,Singaporepresenteda system(ApprovedCompanyScheme)whichrecognizes companies and organisations with an effective internal compliance program


(ANNEX L). Participants discussed the benefits and challenges of an Internal ComplianceProgramandthemeanstoeffectivelydevelopsuchaprogram.Inthiscontext,participantsalsodiscussedtheuseofinternalcompanywatchlistsintheirlicenceprocessingandotherissuesrelatedtopenaltiesonnon-compliance.Participantsalsodiscussedthebenefitsofbulkpermitsin the facilitationof legitimate tradeandunderlined the importanceofcarefullybalancingtradeandsecurityinterests.

11.TheEUalsopresentedvarious toolsavailable to facilitate legitimate trade inexportcontrols,includingthe“StandardIndividualExportLicences”,the“OpenIndividualExportLicence”,the“GlobalProjectLicence”,the“OpenGeneralExportLicences”,the“CommunityGeneralExport Authorization”, the “Standard Individual Trade Control Export Licence”, the “OpenIndividual Trade Control Export Licence” and the “Open General Trade Control Licence”(ANNEXM).

AgendaItem7:HowandWhattoTelltheIndustryaboutExportControls

12. The participants discussed the importance of conducting industry outreach in order tocreate awareness within industry of export controls and educate the exporting communityonallaspectsoftheexportcontrolrequirements.Canada,JapanandSingaporesharedtheirrespective experiences in industry outreach. Participants recognized that the establishmentof Internal Compliance Programs is also important for industry outreach. The meetingalso identified the main tools to conduct industry outreach, including seminars, courses,fieldvisits,news releasesand theestablishmentofmailing lists.Participantsalsodiscussedthe importance of involving industry early in the process for countries establishing exportcontrolsystems.Duringthediscussiononindustryoutreach,thenecessitytoraiseawarenessamongst government authorities was also raised, including the importance of providingtrainingtoenforcementauthorities.PresentationsbyCanada,JapanandSingaporeappearasANNEXESN,OandPrespectively.

AgendaItem8:BreakoutGroupDiscussions

13. Followingtheexchangeofviewsinplenaryonthekeyelementsofexportlicensing,delegatesparticipatedinfourbreakoutgroupdiscussions.

14. Singapore led the discussion on the challenges in product classification andon the challenges ahead in licensing export controls in the Asia Pacific region(ANNEXESQandR).Canadaledthediscussiononhowtoensurecompliancewithlicenceconditions(ANNEXS)whiletheEUmadeapresentationonhowtoreachouttotheResearchandDevelopmentandbrokeringindustries(ANNEXT).

15. Thebreakoutgroupsallowedtheparticipantstoexploreingreaterdetailsomeissuesdiscussedintheplenaryandtotouchuponotheraspectsrelatedtoexportlicensing.Theimportancefor



governmentstobeactivelyengagedwithindustryandacademiainpromotingcompliancewithIntangibleTechnologyTransferlawswasstressedinbreakoutgroups.Theplenaryalsonotedrecommendationsfromthebreakoutgroups,includingtheproposalthatARFcountrieswhichcanprovidetechnicalassistanceidentifytheirareaofspecializationwithaviewtosharingthatinformationwithrecipientcountries.Thebreakoutgroupsalsocontributedtotheidentificationofbestpracticesinexportlicensing.

AgendaItem9:StatusofImplementationofExportControlsbyARFCountries

16. Underthisagendaitem,participantsexchangedviewsonexportcontrolsingeneralandthechallengestheyarefacinginimplementingexportcontrolsystems.ThemeetingrecognizedthatexportcontrolsshouldbeseenaspartofthebroaderARFsecurityagenda,especiallyasthethreatofterrorism,theproliferationofweaponsofmassdestruction,thespreadanddiversionofconventionalarmsanddual-usetechnologiescontinuetochallengethesecurityofourregion.PresentationsbyIndia,Brunei,NewZealandandVietnamappearinANNEXESU,V,WandXrespectively.

AgendaItem10:SummaryandConclusion

17. Theparticipants identifiedaseriesofbestpractices inexport licensing.Thesebestpracticesarenotlegally-binding.Theyconstituteatoolavailabletocountriestoenhancethelicensingprocessinexportcontrols.ParticipantsrecommendedthattheattacheddraftofbestpracticesinANNEXYbe submitted for considerationandendorsement to theARF.Participantswereinvitedtosubmittheircommentsonthedraftbestpracticestotheco-chairsby20December2005.

18. ParticipantswelcomedthisfirsteverARFmeetingonexportlicensingandexpressedthehopethatARFparticipantswillincreasetheircooperationonexportcontrolswithaviewtoenhancingexportlicensingcapacityintheregion.Recognizingthevalueofexpertsmeetingsinexportcontrols, participants invited the ARF to consider the possibility of holding similar expertsmeetingsonexportcontrolrelatedtopicssuchasenforcementissues.TheyalsorecommendedthatalistofpointsofcontactforexportlicensinginARFcountriesbeestablished.AninitiallistcompiledfrommeetingparticipantsappearsinANNEXZ.Theco-chairssoughtthesupportoftheARFUnittofollow-upwithARFparticipantsinordertocompletethelistandupdateitonaregularbasis.

Acknowledgement

19. Participants expressed their gratitude and appreciation to the people and Government ofSingaporeforthewarmhospitalityandtheexcellentarrangementsmadeforthemeeting.TheparticipantsalsothankedCanadaforco-hostingthemeeting.


Co-ChAirS’ SummAry reCord oF ASeAn regionAl Forum SeminAr on SmAll ArmS And lighT WeAponS

phnom penh, CAmbodiA, 2-4 november 2005

1. Asendorsedbythe12thASEANRegionalForuminVientianeon29July2005,Cambodiaand the European Union (EU) hosted the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) Seminaron Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) on 2-4 November 2005 in Phnom Penh,Cambodia.

2. The Seminar was co-chaired by H.E. Mr. Sieng Lapresse, Under Secretary of State oftheMinistryofInteriorofCambodiaandMr.JonWilks,DeputyHeadofSecurityPolicyGroup,ForeignandCommonwealthOffice.

3. The Seminar was attended by representatives of ARF participants, namely Australia,Cambodia,Canada,China,DPRK,EuropeanUnion,Indonesia,Japan,LaoPDR,Malaysia,Myanmar, New Zealand, the Philippines, Russian Federation, Singapore, Thailand,VietNam,andtheARFUnitoftheASEANSecretariat.RepresentativesfromtheUNDP,SaferWorld, JapanAssistanceTeamforSmallArmsManagement inCambodia( JSAC),JapanCentreofConflictPrevention( JCCP),WorkingGroupforWeaponsReductionswhoweredealingwithsmallarmsandlightweaponswerealsopresent.ThelistofdelegatesappearsasANNEX1.

4. H.E.Mr.DavidGeorgeReader,BritishAmbassadortoCambodia,onbehalfoftheEU,alsodeliveredopeningremarks.Hestated that theobjectivesof theSeminarwere toassessmeasurestowardsimprovingsmallarmsandlightweaponscontrolintheregionandtodiscusspossibilityofanagreementonfutureregionalcooperation.HeemphasizedthattheinternationalcommunityneededtoworktogethermoreeffectivelytostampoutthethreatsofsmallarmsandlightweaponsandthatanagreementonminimumcommontransfercontrolsonsmallarmsandlightweaponstransferswithintheUNProgrammeofAction(PoA)couldbesoughtatthenextUNReviewMeeting.HisremarksappearasANNEX2.

5. In his welcome remarks, H.E. Mr. Sar Kheng, Acting Prime Minister, Co-Minister ofInterior of Cambodia welcomed the participants to the Seminar. He stated that theaimof theSeminarwas tocontribute togreater trustandconfidenceamong theARFparticipatingcountriesthroughdialogueontheissueofsmallarmsandlightweapons,and to promote greater understanding and enhancing cooperation on these issues.



Hebriefed the Seminar on Cambodia’s on-going efforts on combating the problem ofsmall armsand lightweaponswhichwas carriedoutwith theassistanceand supportfrom the EU and Japan. He expressed hope that the Seminar could exchange bestpracticesandexperiencesinsmallarmscontrolandwaystoimplementtheUNPlanofActioneffectively.HisremarksappearasANNEX3.

AgendaItem1:AdoptionoftheAgenda

6. TheSeminarproceededaccordingtotheAgendawhichappearsasANNEX4.

AgendaItem2:BusinessArrangements

7. The Seminar was held in six plenary sessions. During the course of the Seminar, theparticipantsvisitedanEUASACProject,anexampleofEUassistanceoncurbingsmallarms and light weapons in Cambodia and a Small Arms Collection Exhibition. TheProgrammeofActivitiesappearsasANNEX5.

PlenarySession–I:BriefingonRecentMeetings

8. The Seminar was briefed by China on the outcomes of the United Nations Workshop onSmallArmsandLightWeaponsheld inBeijingon19-21April2005.Theparticipantsnotedthe recommendationsmadeby theBeijing Workshop.Theparticipants werealsobriefed bySaferWorldontheoutcomesoftheBiannualMeetingofStates2whichwasheldon11-15July2005attheUNHeadquartersinNewYork.ThepresentationsappearasANNEX6.

Plenary Session – II: Transfer Control and Fostering of the Legislative Process: BuildingConsensusonCommonPoliticalGuidelinesforArmsExports:StrengtheningofCooperationandInformationExchange

9. TheSeminarnotedtheimportanceoftighteningandimprovingtransfercontrolswithaviewtopreventing,combatinganderadicatingtheillicittradeinsmallarmsandlightweaponsinallitsaspects.Theparticipantsrecognizedtheurgentnecessityforinternationalcooperationandassistance, includingfinancialandtechnicalassistance,asappropriate, tosupportandfacilitateeffortsatthelocal,national,regionalandgloballevels.

10. TheSeminaragreedtocontinuetocooperatewitheachother,includingonthebasisofthe relevant existingglobaland regional legallybinding instrumentsaswellasotheragreements and arrangements, and, where appropriate, with relevant international,regional and intergovernmental organizations, in tracing illicit small arms andlight weapons. In that regard, they encouraged exchange of information among theparticipantsonavoluntarybasisonthenationalmarkingsystemsonsmallarmsandlightweapons.


11. The Plenary Session II was presided over by the United Kingdom. At this Session, theSeminarheardpresentationsbyrepresentativesofUnitedKingdomandCambodia.ThepresentationsappearasANNEX7.

PlenarySession–III:CombatingIllicitBrokering

12. TheSeminaragreed that illicit brokeringof smallarmswasof trans-nationalnaturewhichrequiredbothnationalcontrolsandinternationalmeasurestobedealtwith.

13. The Seminar was of the view that national governments should strengthen brokeringlegislation and monitoring of brokering transactions. In that connection, theparticipants stressed thatgovernments should take specificactions tominimize illicitarmstraffickingandbrokeringandadheretoregionalandinternationalmeasures.

14. The Plenary Session III was presided over by Cambodia. At this Session, the SeminarheardpresentationsbyrepresentativesoftheNetherlands,Singapore,andthePhilippines.ThepresentationsappearasANNEX8.

Plenary Session – IV: Management of State-Owned Weapons (Including Surpluses):Identification,Marking,Registration,SafeStorageandSecurityMeasures

15. TheSeminaremphasizedthe importanceofmarking, tracing,stockpilemanagement,collectionanddestructionaspossible tools to tackle theproblemof the illicit trade insmallarmsandlightweapons.

16. TheparticipantsagreedtoencourageStates toconsiderinternationalcooperationandassistance to examine technologies that would improve the identification, marking,registration,safestorageaswellastracinganddetectionofillicittradeinsmallarmsandlightweapons.TheSeminar recognized thatwith long-term,committed internationalassistance and co-operation, countries in need of assistance for management ofsmall arms and light weapons could build national capacities to handle the problemefficiently.

17. Theparticipantsnotedthatmanycountriesalreadyhadprogramsthatprovidetechnicaland financial assistance to developing countries to manage small arms and lightweaponsandcalledforcontinuedeffortsintheseprograms.

18. The Plenary Session IV was presided over by the United Kingdom. At this Session, theSeminarheardpresentationsbyrepresentativesofGermany,Cambodia,andEU-ASAC.ThepresentationsappearasANNEX9.



PlenarySession–V:Privately-OwnedWeapons:thePracticalitiesofImplementation

19. Theparticipantsemphasizedthatallgovernmentagencies,includinglawenforcement,bordersecurity,andcustomsofficials,shouldworktogetherandcooperatemorecloselyto enhance interagency cooperation with a view to effectively implementing laws andregulationsonthemanagementofprivately-ownweapons.

20. The Plenary Session V was presided over by the United Kingdom. At this Session, theSeminar heard presentations by representatives of the Philippines and Thailand. ThepresentationsappearasANNEX10.

Plenary Session – VI: How External Assistance Can Help Regional Cooperation in DealingWithSmallArmsIssues(FocusingontheCurrentAssistancebyStates,RegionalCooperationandtheRoleofCivilSociety)

21. TheSeminaracknowledgedthattheillicittradeinsmallarmsandlightweaponscouldnotbe tackled by states individually. It recognized the importance of enhanced internationalco-operation and assistance by States and the role of civil societies to eradicate the illicitproliferation,circulationandtraffickingofsmallarmsandlightweapons.

22. ThePlenarySessionVIwaspresidedoverbyCambodia.AtthisSession,theSeminarheardpresentationsbyrepresentativesoftheCounciloftheEU’sPersonalRepresentativeoftheHighRepresentativeonNon-proliferationofWMD,theUnitedKingdom,theNetherlands,Germany,Japan,Australia,SEESAC,SaferWorld.NewZealandalsocontributedawrittenpresentation.ThepresentationsappearasANNEX11.

Panel Discussion: The Way Forward: Recommendations for the Next Two Years: LegalHarmonization,AssistanceNeeded,WorkPlan,ReviewConference2006

23. TheSeminar resolved toprevent,combatanderadicate the illicit trade insmallarmsandlightweaponsinallitsaspects.Inthatregard,theyexpressedthefollowing:• ContinuetosupporttheUNinplayingakeyroleincontainingsmallarmsand

light weapons accumulation and spread, particularly taking further practicalmeasurestoimplementtheUNProgrammeofAction.

• Support international measures such as the International Instrument onMarking and Tracing of Small Arms and Light Weapons and the UN ProtocolagainstIllicitManufacturingandTraffickinginFirearms.

• Committoprovideassistanceandsupport,includingtechnical,financialandcapacitybuilding,tohelpcountriesinneedtodealwithsmallarmsandlightweapons.

• Recognizethattheeffortsofnon-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)andcivilsocieties would be very useful in complementing the role of governments incombatingsmallarmsandlightweapons.


24. TheSeminaralsoagreedonthefollowingrecommendationsforaction:• SALWPointsofContacttosendtheircontactdetailstotheARFUnitoftheASEAN

Secretariattofacilitatenetworking.• RepresentativesofASEANcountries toexplorewith theirowngovernments the

potentialforenhancedregionalco-operationonSALWissues.• ASEANcountriestoconsideraddingSALWtotheagendaoffutureASEANmeetings.• ASEAN countries to consider co-ordinating national positions on SALW issues

ahead of the Preparatory and Review Conferences of the UN Programme ofActiononSALWin2006andotherinternationalSALWmeetings.

• Representativesofcountriesintheregiontotakenoteoftheideaofcommissioninganational surveyofSALWasan important step to tacklingSALWproblems intheregion.MoreinformationonthisissueisavailableontheSouthEastEuropeClearing House on Small Arms and Light Weapons (SEESAC) website www.seesac.org

• Ifrequestedbycountriesintheregion,theEUandUNtoconsidersupportforaworkshoptobeheldintheregiontobuildthecapacityofnationalactorstocarryoutanationalSALWsurvey.

• RepresentativestodrawtheattentionoftheircapitalstoaninvitationtoameetingtodiscussstrengtheningTransferControlstobeheldinGenevaonNovember17.

• RepresentativesofEUstatesandinstitutionstoconsiderrequestsforassistancetoCambodiaonmanagementofstocksofammunitionandexplosives,includingstrengtheningofcapacityofpersonnelandITsystems;aswellasarequestfromthePhilippinesforsupportforcivilsocietyinconflictprevention.

• Representatives of countries in the region to note that project proposals forEU assistance should be sent to EU Member States Missions in the region orappropriate European Commission Delegations in capitals in the region;proposalsmayalsobesenttotheUNGroupofInterestedStatesinNewYork.

25. ThepaneldiscussionsessionwaspresidedoverbyCambodiaandtheUnitedKingdom.At the end of the Seminar, the participants heard Closing Remarks by H.E. Mr. DavidGeorgeReader,BritishAmbassadortoCambodia,onbehalfoftheEUandH.E.Dr.KaoKimHourn,SecretaryofState,MinistryofForeignAffairsandInternationalCooperationoftheKingdomofCambodia.TheClosingRemarksappearasANNEX12.

AgendaItem3:Acknowledgement

26. TheSeminarexpresseditsgratitudeandappreciationtothepeopleandGovernmentoftheKingdomofCambodiaashostoftheSeminarfortheexcellentarrangementsmadefortheSeminarandforthehospitalityextendedtotheparticipants.TheparticipantsalsothankedtheEuropeanUnionrepresentedbytheUnitedKingdom,theFederalRepublicofGermanyandtheNetherlandsforco-sponsoringtheSeminar.



Co-ChAirS’ reporT oF The ArF WorKShop on “TrAining For CooperATive mAriTime SeCuriTy”

KoChi, indiA, 26-28 oCTober 2005

1. Pursuanttothedecisionreachedatthe12thASEANRegionalForum(ARF)MinisterialMeeting held on 29 July 2005 at Vientiane, Laos, the ARF Workshop on “Training forCooperative Maritime Security was held from 26-28 October 2005 in Kochi, India.TheWorkshopwasco-chairedbyIndiaandMalaysia.

2. Representatives from Canada, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar,New Zealand, Philippines, Russian Federation, Singapore, Thailand, United States ofAmerica,andVietnamparticipatedintheworkshop.MembersoftheARFUnitwerealsoin attendance. The adopted agenda and list of delegates are attached as ANNEXES AandBrespectively.

3. The key note address by Vice Admiral SCS Bangara, PVSM, AVSM, Flag OfficerCommanding-in-Chief,SouthernNavalCommand,Kochi,IndiaisattachedasANNEXC.TheprogrammefortheWorkshopisattachedasANNEXD.

4. On27October2005, theworkshopdivided into threeseparatesyndicates todiscuss indetailvariousaspectsoftrainingformaritimesecurity.

Session I (Agenda III): Existing Infrastructure and Methodology for Training in MaritimeSecurity.

5. Thesessionwaschairedby IndiaanddiscussedpaperspresentedbyChina, IndiaandSingapore.ThepapersareattachedasANNEXESE,FandG.

6. Participantsbriefedtheworkshoponrecentnationaleffortsinenhancingcapacityandimproving practices for training in maritime security. The presentations highlightedcountryperspectivesontrainingmethodologies.Itwasnotedthatduetothetransnationalnatureofthethreatsaffectingmaritimesecurity,trainingmethodologiesrequiredbothmultiagencycollaborationwithinacountryaswellascooperationbetweencountries.Thesemeasuresincludedtrainingofvariousnationalagenciesindividuallyandalsoincoordination,suchasbytherespectiveNavies/CoastGuardsorcorrespondinginstitutionsand internal training/exercises. The usefulness and utility of bilateral/multilateralexercises between maritime security agencies was also highlighted as such exerciseshelpedincreasefamiliarityandinteroperability.


7. There was general agreement and understanding among participants that while eachcountry was focusing on its own training, no nation could surmount the challengesof maritime security by itself. While some states had more advanced trainingmethodologies,thiswasnotnecessarilyuniform.Inthisregarditwasfeltthatbilateraland/ormultilateralinitiativescouldprovideausefulmechanism.

8. Presentationsmadeatthesessionandtheensuingdiscussionsbroughtforththevaryingprocedures being followed regarding legal aspects, law enforcement and the scope forlearning from each other. Maritime training provided many benefits as it empoweredmaritimepersonnelwith theknowledgeandskills required tomeetchallenges. Itwasfelt thatgreatercooperationinmaritimetrainingwouldimprovecoordinationbothatthenationalandinternationallevel.Itwouldalsoactasaneffectiveconfidencebuildingmeasure.

9. It was however noted that at present there was no comprehensive maritime securitytraining curriculum, which could be used by all countries across the spectrum ofmaritime security. In this context, the idea of having a regional initiative such as aregional maritime training centre to provide maritime security training was alsodiscussed.

SessionII(AgendaIV):EmergingMaritimeSecurityThreatsandTheirImpactonTraining.

10. The session was chaired by Malaysia and discussed papers presented by India,Thailand, United States of America and Malaysia. The papers are attached asANNEXESH,J,KandL.

11. Participantsgenerallyagreedthatmaritimesecuritythreatsweremultifariousinnatureencompassingterrorism,piracy,linkagesbetweendrugtraffickingandterrorism,armssmuggling to environmental protection, pollutionand illegal immigration. Itwas feltthat a distinction needs to be made between piracy and terrorism on the one hand,andpiracyandarmed robberyon theother.Though threatperceptionsvariedamongthe countries, there was general agreement that prioritising these could enable focuson specific core areas of concern for further enhancing co-operation in the field ofmaritimetraining.

12. Therewasageneralagreementandunderstandingamongparticipantsoftheneedforadatabaseasastartingpoint,whichcouldlisttheexistingresourcesavailablewithARFparticipatingstates.Suchadatabasecouldinclude,forexample,aninventoryofexistingbilateral/multilateral arrangements/agreement among countries on issues related tomaritimesecurity.InthecontextofcreatingsuchanARFdatabase,mentionwasmadeoftheexistingdatabaseswithbodieslikeIMOandIMB.



13. Participantsdiscussedmeanstoeffectivelycoordinateinformationexchange,identifyinggaps in capacity and means to bridge them including interalia through training aswell asother issues thatwould enhance the capacityof ARFparticipants inmaritimesecurity,inthiscontext,theissueofaregionalinitiativeformaritimesecurityintermsofaregionalmaritimetrainingcentrewasdiscussedagain.Giventheincreasingfocusonmaritimesecurity,itwasfeltthatsuchaninitiativewouldhelpinthefutureevolutionofARFastheonlyforumfordeliberationofpoliticalandsecurityissuesintheregion.ItwasalsofeltthattheproposalforaregionalmaritimetrainingcentrecouldbefurtherdiscussedbyfutureARFmeetingstofurtherexamineanddevelopit.

14. Somedelegatesalsosuggested,inthiscontextthatthemeetingofARFDefenceOfficialsshouldinvolveother lawenforcementofficials,especially in thecontextofdiscussionsonmaritimesecurity.

SessionIII(AgendaV):PerspectiveonRegionalCooperationinMaritimeTraining

15. ThesessionwaschairedbyIndiaanddiscussedpaperspresentedbyIndonesia, Japan,MalaysiaandUSA.ThepapersareattachedasANNEXESM,N,PandQ.

16. The participants highlighted the perspectives of their respective countries in regionalcooperation in maritime training. These presentations clearly brought out that therewereexistingmechanismsforcooperationbetweenthecountriesoftheregion,thoughnotinvolvingallARFparticipants.Theseweremostlyofabilateral/multilateralnature.Such initiatives facilitated the exchange of information, cooperation in enforcementand capacity building. It was also a general understanding that while such bilateral/multilateral initiatives served a useful purpose, there was at the same time a needfor greater regional cooperation. The US delegation presented a possible template forcooperation inmaritime trainingbasedon their experiences indisastermanagementduringtheTsunamiinAsia.

17. The Japanese delegation briefed the meeting about the ARF workshop on “CapacityBuildingofMaritimeSecurity”,whichitwillco-hostwithIndonesia.Theworkshopwillbeheldon19-20December2005,inTokyo.

SessionIV(AgendaVII):ReportoftheBreakoutSessions

18. The session was chaired by India. A fictional scenario based on an anti shippingincident in international waters was presented to the workshop participants forfacilitatingdiscussionsonvariousaspectsrelatedtocooperativetrainingformaritimesecurity. Theparticipants were divided into three groups to examine issues relatedto (a)Personnel Training (b)Capacity Building and (c) Importance of RegionalCooperationinTraining.


BreakoutSessionI:PersonnelTraining

19. Thegroupcategorizedtrainingrequirementat theStrategic,OperationalandTacticallevels.Ithighlightedthattherewasaneedtotrainboththemilitaryandpara-militaryforces to equip them to handle a wide range of situations. In this regard the groupnoted thatcommonterminologies,StandardOperatingProcedures(SOPs),Command&Controlproceduresandcommonmethodstotransferinformation,wereareaswhichrequiredco-ordinatedandstandardizedtraining.Trainingwasrequiredtobeimpartedto the personnel on legal aspects related to maritime security, including rights andobligations pertaining to boarding of vessels. The outcome of the deliberations of theGroupisatANNEXR.

BreakoutSessionII:CapacityBuilding

20. Thegroupnotedthattherewereexistingrobustinternationalprocedures,protocolsandmechanismstodealwithcertainkindsofsituations,forexamplethoserelatedtosearchand rescue and the best method to build capacity in this area was to carry out jointexercises at the multi-agency and multi-national levels. However even in these casestherewasaneedtocreategreaterawarenessabouttheexistenceofsuchmechanismsaswellastrainingtousethemeffectively.Therewasconsensusintheareaswherecapacitybuilding efforts could be focused and these included information sharing, creatingcommon communication procedures, better understanding of legal issues, improvedresponsiveactions,ISPSimplementationandcomplianceandcreatingbettersituationawarenessincludinginvestigationofincidents.Theoutcomeofthegroup’sdeliberationsisatANNEXS.

BreakoutSessionIII:RegionalCooperationinMaritimeSecurity

21. The group noted that participants may consider using existing mechanisms such asnational maritime enforcement centres and international agreements, to create anetwork of maritime security cooperation, which could include information sharing,law enforcement, and capacity building. Capacity building could include training oncommunications, maritime surveillance, risk assessment, interdiction, search andseizure,boardingandconsequencemanagement.Therewasalsoanagreementontheneed toarriveata commonapproach toaddress variousmaritime security situationswhichwererequiredtobeintegratedinthemaritimetrainingprograms.Theoutcomeofthegroup’sdeliberationsisatANNEXT.



22. Inconclusiontheco-chairssummarizedthefollowingpointsofconvergenceaspossiblefollow-upactions:a) Need tomove fromwords toactionbasedon theARF traditionof incremental

progressandmovementatapacecomfortabletoall.b) MakinganinventoryofresourcesavailablecurrentlywiththeARFparticipants

todealwiththeissueofmaritimesecuritywithaviewtoidentifyingtheexistinggaps.

c) Examining the possibility of establishing a database of agencies dealing withvarious facetsofmaritime securityandestablishingpointsof contactsamongtheARFparticipants.

d) Developmentofmechanismsforbetterinformationexchangeandsharing.e) CapacityBuilding-theneedtoproviderequisitecapacity,intermsoftechnology,

assetsanddevelopmentofhumanresourcestoeffectivelymeetthechallengesofmaritimesecurity.

f) Examining and further developing the possibility of establishing a regionaltrainingcentre tocoordinatecollaborativeeffortsas listedat(b),(c),(d),(e)above.

g) Examining the possibility of involving other law enforcement officials in theARFDefenceOfficials’Dialogue.


Co-ChAirS’ SummAry reporT oF The FirST meeTing oF The ArF inTer-SeSSionAl SupporT group on ConFidenCe building

meASureS And prevenTive diplomACy

honolulu, hAWAii, uSA, 17-19 oCTober 2005

Introduction

1. Pursuanttothedecisionofthe12thMinisterialMeetingoftheASEANRegionalForum(ARF)heldinLaosonJuly29,2005,thefirstmeetingoftheARFInter-sessionalSupportGroup on Confidence Building Measures and Preventive Diplomacy (ISG CBM/PD)washeld in theUnitedStatesofAmerica inHonolulu,HawaiionOctober17-19,2005.TheMeetingwasco-chairedbytheUnitedStatesandtheRepublicofthePhilippines.

2. Representatives from Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, the People’s Republic ofChina, the European Union, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, NewZealand,thePhilippines,theRepublicofKorea,theRussianFederation,Singapore,theKingdomofThailand,theUnitedStates,VietNamand,forthefirsttime,TimorLeste,participated in the meeting. Members of the ARF Unit of the ASEAN Secretariat werealsoinattendance.AsessionoftheDefenceOfficials’DialoguetookplaceonOctober17.ISGCBM/PDandDefenceOfficials’DialogueparticipantstouredU.S.navalvesselsandreceivedacommandbriefingfromtheU.S.PacificCommand(USPACOM).TheAgendafortheISGCBM/PDisattachedasANNEX1,theProgramofActivitiesisANNEX2andaListofParticipantsisANNEX3.

ExchangeofViewsontheRegionalandInternationalSituation

3. InordertoincorporateDefenceOfficials’DialoguediscussionintoitsownconsiderationoftheRegionalandInternationalSituation,theMeetingwasbriefedontheoutcomeoftheDialogueattheoutsetofconsiderationofthisagendaitem(ANNEX4).

4. The Meeting expressed its outrage at the atrocious assault on innocent life in Bali,Indonesia, on October 1, 2005 and offered its condolences to the government andpeople of Indonesia and to other countries that lost citizens. Participants agreed thatthisattackandotherselsewhereintheregionhighlight theimportanceofcontinuingcooperation against terrorism including through inter-faith dialogues that enhancemutualunderstandingandtolerance.

5. The Meeting noted that a number of countries in the region have been affected byrecent natural disasters and welcomed resumption of the Inter-Sessional Meeting on



DisasterReliefasanopportunitytostrengtheninternationalcooperationinrespondingtomajordisastersofallkinds.ParticipantsexpressedtheirsincerecondolencesforthedevastationandlossoflifecausedbytherecentearthquakeinSouthAsiaandwelcomedinternational efforts to assist governments and communities in their response to thedisaster. Participants also expressed condolences to those countries in Southeast Asiaaffected by Typhoon Damrey and to the United States for the losses it sustained fromHurricaneKatrina.

6. SomeoftheparticipantsexpresseddeepconcernoverthelackofprogresstowardgenuinedemocracyandnationalreconciliationinMyanmarandcalledfortheimmediatereleaseofDawAungSanSuuKyiandotherNLDpoliticalprisoners,meaningfuldialoguewithall parties, and the implementation of a roadmap to democracy. Other participantsnoted that the situation inMyanmardoesnotconstitutea threat to internationalandregionalsecurityandstability,andaffirmedtheneedtocontinueengagingMyanmar.The meeting agreed to continue working together to support democratic change inMyanmar.

7. The Meeting welcomed the successful outcome of the Fourth Round of the Six-PartyTalks,notingthattheSeptember19JointStatementofPrinciplesrepresentsthehistoricdecision by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to abandon all its nuclearweaponsandexistingnuclearprogramsandtoreturn,atanearlydate,totheNPTandtoIAEAsafeguards.ParticipantsexpressedsupportfortheJointStatementandendorsedthe goal of the Talks – the verifiable denuclearization of the Korean peninsula in apeacefulmanner.TheMeeting furthernoted that theotherpartiesagreed in the JointStatementtoprovideeconomiccooperation,energyassistance,andsecurityassurancesandthattheU.S.andNorthKoreaagreedtotakestepstonormalizerelationssubjecttotheirrespectivebilateralpoliciesandthatJapanandNorthKoreaagreedtotakestepstonormalize their relations inaccordancewith thePyongyangDeclaration,on thebasisof the settlementofunfortunatepastandoutstanding issuesof concern.Themeetingencouragedthesixpartiestocontinuetoworktoreachaconcreteagreementwithregardto the implementation of the adopted principles. Participants welcomed the on-goinginter-Korean exchanges and cooperation, and expressed the hope that inter-KoreanrelationswillcontinuetobeconducivetopeaceandstabilityandtotheresolutionofthenuclearissueontheKoreanpeninsula.

8. ThemeetingwelcomedtheaccessionofNewZealandandMongoliatotheTreatyofAmityandCooperation inSoutheastAsia, andAustralia’s expressed intent todo so inKualaLumpur in December 2005. They affirmed the continued relevance of the principlesand purposes of the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia in promotingcooperation,amityandfriendshipbetweenandamongARFparticipants.


9. The meeting welcomed the steps taken by ASEAN and China towards the fullimplementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea(DoC),includingthefirstmeetinginManilaonAugust2005oftheASEANChinaJointWorking Group on the Implementation of the DoC. They acknowledged the valuablecontributionoftheDoCinensuringthepeaceandstabilityoftheSouthChinaSea,andtowardsthesecurityandstabilityoftheregionasawhole.

VoluntaryBackgroundBriefings

10. CanadabriefedtheMeetingonitsnationalplanofactionforaddressingtheemerginghealththreatofpandemicinfluenza,highlightingitscooperationwithSoutheastAsia.ItalsoreportedtotheMeetingitsintentiontohostanInternationalMeetingofMinistersofHealthinOttawaonOctober24-25,2005,toadvanceglobalcooperationforpandemicpreparedness.

11. Singapore provided a briefing on its preparations for pandemic influenza. It furtherupdated the Meeting oh recent developments in maritime security cooperation andoutlinedtheconcreteprogressthatthedefenseagencieshavemadeinmaritimesecuritysuchasthe“EyesintheSky”maritimeairpatrolsandtheconductofexercisesundertheWesternPacificNavalSymposium(ANNEX5).

12. Malaysia updated the meeting on recent developments in the International PeaceMonitoringTeam(IMT)inMindanao(ANNEX6).

13. Indonesia briefed the meeting on steps it has taken to address the threat of avianinfluenza and the recent Tripartite Ministerial Meeting of Littoral States in BatamAugust1-2,2005andthemeetinginJakartawiththeIMOonenhancingsafety,security,andenvironmentalprotection.

14. China offered a briefing on the Asian Conference on Disaster Reduction attended by42Asian-Pacificcountriesandseveralinternationalorganizations.

15. Japanbriefedonitsregionaloutreachactivitiesonnonproliferation(ANNEX7)anditsinternationalcounter-terrorismcooperation(ANNEX8).

16. Thailandbriefedthemeetingonitseffortsinthepost-tsunamiperiod(ANNEX9)andonavianinfluenza.

17. ThePhilippinesgaveabriefingonitscampaignagainstterrorism.

18. Australia briefed the meeting on its participation in international efforts to respondto the threat of WMD proliferation and provided participants with copies of its recentpublicationWeaponsofMassDestruction.Australia’sRoleinFightingProliferation.



19. TheSoutheastAsiaRegionalCentreforCounter-Terrorism(SEARCCT)circulatedapaperonitsplannedactivities(ANNEX10).

20. The European Union reported on the Aceh Monitoring Mission, which comprisesobserversfromEuropeandfiveASEANstates.

Non-traditionalSecurityIssues

21. Discussion in the Meeting reflected the general agreement among participants thatNon-TraditionalSecurityChallengespresentsomeofthebestopportunitiestostrengthencooperationamongparticipantsand,inmostinstances,asuccessfulresponseactuallyrequires sustained international cooperation. Participants also reaffirmed their viewthatNon-TraditionalSecurityChallengesareamongthemostamenable issues for theapplicationofPreventiveDiplomacyintheARFcontext.

22. Participants welcomed the ARF’s continuing focus on the issue of Maritime Securityandreaffirmedtheimportanceofaddressingthisissuewithinacooperativeframeworkthat respects both the rights of littoral states and the legitimate security concerns ofusers.ParticipantswelcomedtheAugust1-2,2005meetinginBatam,Indonesia,wherethe foreignministersof the littoral statesof theStraitofMalaccaagreed tocooperatewithuser states on security issues.Participants alsowelcomed theAugust 6-7 JakartaMeeting on the Straits of Malacca and Singapore that was hosted by Indonesia andthe International Maritime Organization (IMO) on enhancing safety, security, andenvironmental protection as a continuation of littoral and user state cooperation.Participants noted with approval that there will likely be follow-on meetings in 2006in the IMO context that complement ARF cooperative efforts to further information-sharing, capacity-building, technical assistance, and best practices. The Meeting alsonoted the importance of agreements such as the Regional Cooperation Agreement onCombating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia (ReCAAP) in enhancingmaritimesecurityintheregion.

23. RecallingARFMinisters’determinationatthe12thARFmeetingthat”...theproliferationof weapons of mass destruction and their delivery vehicles remains a serious securitychallengeofourtimeandthemostdangerousoneastheymightfallintoterroristhands...”participantsagreedthattheARFshouldpursueeffortstocounterthiscommondangerand welcomed recent efforts by ARF countries to address it. A number of participantsexpressed support for thegoalsof theProliferationSecurity Initiative (PSI),althoughsome others expressed reservations, specifically with regard to its implementation.Participants also reaffirmed the role of international efforts to combat proliferationwithintheUNsystem.ParticipantsapplaudedtheapprovalbytheInternationalAtomicEnergy Agency’s Board of governors of Additional Protocols submitted by Malaysia,Singapore,andThailand.


24. Participants agreed that pandemic influenza represents an acute threat not just topublichealthbutalso to theeconomichealthandeven to thesecurityofcountries intheregion.TheywelcomedtheformationoftheInternationalPartnershiponAvianandPandemicInfluenzaandtooknoteofthepartnership’sfirstmeetinginWashingtonD.C.onOctober6-7.Theyalsoemphasizedtheimportantroleofmultilateralorganizations.Participants considered security dimensions of the threat of pandemic influenza aspart of a comprehensive response to this international challenge (ANNEX 11). Theyconsidered possible avenues for enhanced cooperation among defense and securityofficials.SeveralparticipantspointedoutthatsomeofthesemodesofcooperationcouldbeconsideredexamplesofPreventiveDiplomacy.AmongthesewerecontactlistsandtheformulationofagreedStandardOperatingProcedures.Participantsalsodiscussed theutilityofatabletopsimulationforsecurityandforeignaffairsofficialsofanoutbreakofpandemicinfluenzaintheregion.

25. Othernon-traditionalsecuritythreatsdiscussedbyparticipantsthatrequireinternationalcooperation are trafficking in persons, arms smuggling, and drug trafficking, moneylaundering, smugglingofgoodsaswellas illegal fishingand illegal trade innaturalresources.

26. Participants also discussed the development of Preventive Diplomacy in the ARF,particularlyasitmightbeappliedtoNon-traditionalSecurityThreats.ThisdiscussionincludedconsiderationofapossiblewaytomovefurtheronPreventiveDiplomacy,startingwith a “soft approach,” which could include: (1) tasking the ARF EEPs to examinehow the ARF could implement PD, (2) tasking the ARF Unit to undertake studies onPD,and(3)compilinga listofbestpractices includingontraditional/non-traditionalsecurityissues,drawnfromotherbilateral/multilateralexperiences.Participantsagreedto come to the next meeting of the ISG CBM/PD prepared to discuss issues related toPreventive Diplomacy, recognizing that any future proposals must take full accountofthesovereigntyofindividualcountriesandthatanyfutureimplementationoftheseproposalswilltakeplaceatapacecomfortabletoall.

27. Cognizantof thecontinuingthreatof terrorism,ChinaandBruneiupdatedthemeetingonpreparationsforthe4thInter-SessionalMeetingonTerrorismandTransnationalCrime.

28. China and Indonesia also updated participants on preparations for the 5th Inter-Sessional Meeting on Disaster Relief, which will take place in Bandung, Indonesia,November30-December2,2005onthethemeof“Civil-MilitaryCooperationinDisasterRelief(ANNEX12).TheMeetingurgedtheISMtotakeintoaccounttheoutcomesoftheWorkshop on Civil-Military Operations co-chaired by Australia and the Philippines inSeptember2005.Chinaofferedtohostthe6thInter-SessionalMeetingonDisasterReliefwithIndonesiainChinanextyear.



ConsiderationofConfidenceBuildingMeasures(CBMs)

29. TheMeetingagreedthattheimplementationofvariousCBMshascontributedsignificantlytothedevelopmentofconfidenceandtrustamongARFparticipants.Participantsbriefedthe Meeting on CBMs they had organized or conducted since the conclusion of thesecondISGCBMmeetingofthatyearonFebruary23,2005,withaparticularfocusonrecommendationsforaction.• Singapore reported on the Singapore-United States ARF CBM on “Regional

CooperationinMaritimeSecurity”heldinSingapore2-4March2005.• China reported on the Seminar on “Enhancing Cooperation in the Fields of

Nontraditional Security Issues” that it chaired in Sanya, Hainan, in March7-8,2005.

• Mongolia reported on the seminar it co-chaired with Vietnam on “EvolvingChangesintheSecurityPerceptionsofARFCountries”21-22JuneinUlaanbataar(ANNEX13).

• ThailandandUnitedStatesreportedontheseminaron“MissileDefense”theyco-chairedinBangkokOctober6-7,2005.Theynoted,andparticipantsagreed,that the seminar was a milestone in the evolution of the ARF as the premiercooperativesecurityforumintheAsia-Pacificregion(ANNEX14).

• Vietnam reported on the 9th Meeting of ARF Heads of Defence Universities/Colleges/InstitutionsithostedinHanoion10-13October,2005(ANNEXI5).

• ThePhilippinesreportedontheSeminaritco-chairedwithAustraliainMakatiCity, the Philippines, September 12-13, 2005, on “Civil-Military Operations,”whichfocusedondisasterresponse(ANNEX16).

• ThePhilippinesalsoreportedontheSeminaronCyberTerrorismitco-chairedwiththeRepublicofKoreainCebu3-5October2005(ANNEX17).TheMeetingwelcomedtheofferofthePhilippinestodraftanARFministerialstatementoncyber-terrorism,asrecommendedbytheseminar.

30. Participantsalsoapprisedthemeetingofpreparationsforupcomingevents.• Singapore and Canada encouraged participation in the Export Licensing

Experts Meeting that they will co-chair in Singapore 17-18 November 2005(ANNEX18).

• TheEuropeanUnionannounced theupcomingworkshop on Small Arms andLightWeapons,tobeco-chairedbytheEUandCambodiainthenearfuture.

• Japan and Indonesia encouraged participation in the workshop on capacitybuildingforMaritimeSecuritythattheywillco-chairwithIndonesiainTokyoDecember19-20,2005.

• India and Malaysia highlighted their upcoming “Workshop on Training forCooperativeMaritimeSecurity”thatwillbeheldinKochi,India26-28October2005(ANNEX19).


• TheUnitedStatesannouncedthattheseminaronNon-proliferationofWeaponsofMassDestruction,whichitfirstproposedinPhnomPenhinOctoberof2004,andwhichitwillco-chairwithSingaporeandChina,willbeheldinSingaporeinlateMarch2006.

• MalaysiainformedtheMeetingthatitwillhostthe10thMeetingofARFHeadsofDefenceUniversities/Colleges/Institutions4-7September2006.

31. VietnamandAustraliatabledaproposal foraCBMon“TheRoleofMilitaryandCivilCooperation in the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases such as SARSandAvianInfluenza”(ANNEX20).TheMeetingwelcomedtheproposalandagreedtoconsiderfurtherthetimingandorganizationofthesession.

32. Singapore announced its intention to table at the next Meeting of the ISG CBM/PDaproposalforaCBMon“EmergingInfectiousDiseases.”

33. JapanannounceditsintentiontoproposeatthenextmeetingoftheISGCBM/PDaworkshoptofollow-upontheWorkshoponPreventiveDiplomacyithostedinMarch2004.

34. Singapore also circulated a revised concept paper for a Maritime Security CapacityBuildingExercise(ANNEX21).Participantswelcomedthisrevisedpaperandagreedtostudyandfurtherdiscussthisproposal.

35. China announced its intention to propose an ARF Seminar on Illicit Drugs for the2006/2007 Inter-Sessional year as a follow-up to the ARF Alternative DevelopmentSeminarithostedinSeptember2004.

FutureDirectionoftheARF

36. ThePhilippinesbriefedparticipantsonprogressinthedevelopmentofTermsofReferencefor“FriendsoftheChair.”

37. TheARFUnitoftheASEANSecretariatbriefedparticipantsonASEAN’seffortstoformulateStandardOperatingProceduresfortheARFChairtoperformitsenhancedrole.

38. The Republic of Korea and Malaysia briefed participants on discussions on holding ameetingofARFExpertsandEminentPersonsandoutlinedoptionsforconveningsuchameetinginthecomingyear.

39. ThemeetingwelcomedThailand’soffertoproduceaconceptpaperoutliningtheformatforpresentation to the ISGby theCSCAPChair inorder togiveexpression to theARFMinisters’decisiontostrengthenthelinkagesbetweenTrackIandTrackII.ThepapermightalsoaddresstheARF’sinteractionwithotherregionalsecurityorganizations.



PreparationsfortheSecondISGCBM/PDMeeting

40. ThePhilippinesandtheUnitedStateswillco-chairtheSecondISGCBM/PDMeetinginManila,thePhilippines,March1-3,2006.

OtherMatters

41. The meeting encouraged participants to make their submissions to the ARF Unit oftheASEANSecretariatforthethreeARFDirectoriesrecommendedbythe3rdARFISMonCTTC,whichwasheld inBangkok,Thailand6-8April2005(1.nationalpointsofcontactsforinformationexchangeandintelligencesharing;2.nationalpointsofcontactfor information exchange on official documents, including supporting documents,and document fraud for purposes of enhancing document integrity and security; and3.nationalpointsofcontactforpoliceandlawenforcement).Themeetingagreedthattheseregistersshouldbeplacedonthe“membersonly”sectionofARFNet.

42. The ARF Unit briefed participants on updates to its “Matrix of ARF Decisions andStatus.”


Co-ChAirS’ SummAry reporT oF The ASeAn regionAl Forum Cbm SeminAr on miSSile deFenSe

bAngKoK, ThAilAnd, 6-7 oCTober 2005

1. TheARFCBMSeminaron“MissileDefense”washeldinBangkok,Thailand,6-7October2005.

2. TheSeminarwasattendedbyrepresentativesofARFparticipantsandtheARFUnitoftheASEANSecretariat.TheListofDelegatesappearsasANNEXA.

3. TheSeminarwas co-chairedbyH.E.ThakurPhanit, Deputy Permanent Secretary forForeignAffairsofThailand,andHon.StephenG.Rademaker,ActingAssistantSecretaryofStateforInternationalSecurityandNonproliferationoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

AgendaItem1:WelcomeandAdoptionofAgenda

4. In theopeningremarks, theCo-Chairswelcomedtheparticipants to theSeminarandstated that the aim of the Seminar was to contribute to greater trust and confidenceamong ARF participants through dialogue on the issues of missile proliferation andmissiledefense,andtopromotinggreaterunderstandingontheseissues.TheOpeningStatementsappearasANNEXESBandC.

5. SeminarparticipantsconsideredandadoptedtheAgendaandProgrammeofActivitieswhichappearasANNEXESDandE.

AgendaItem2:NationalandRegionalPerspectivesandPoliciesonMissileProliferationand/orMissileDefense

6. Seminarparticipantsexchangedviewsontheissueofmissileproliferationintheregionandaroundtheworld,includingprogressthathasbeenachievedinaddressingthisissue,and on missile defense in relation to the problem of missile proliferation. StatementsandpresentationsunderthisitemappearasANNEXESF-P.

7. Seminar participants agreed that proliferation of missiles is a growing problem,particularlyduetotheirinherentcapabilitytodeliverWMD.Theyfurtherstressedthatproliferationinmissilesandmissilepartsandtechnologyisaseriousdangertoregionalaswellasglobalsecurity.



AgendaItem3:ChallengesintheSecurityEnvironment,theImpactofMissileProliferationandtheRoleofMissileDefense

8. Seminar participants had a wide ranging discussion on various aspects of missiledefense, reflecting the diversity of views and opinions on this issue. Statements andpresentationsunderthisitemappearasANNEXESQ-Y.

9. Seminar participants stressed the importance of promoting transparency on the issueof missile defense and, in this connection, welcomed this Seminar as a first step inpromotingsuchtransparencyintheARFcontext.

10. Seminar participants agreed that promotion of transparency on the issue of missiledefensewillnotonlyenhancebetterunderstandingontheissuebutalsocontributetoenhancedtrustandconfidenceintheregion.TheyperceivedthebenefitofcontinuingthedialogueonthisissueaspartofARFconfidence-buildingmeasures.

AgendaItem4:SummaryandConclusion

11. SeminarparticipantstooknoteofthisCo-Chairs’SummaryReport.

12. H.E. Thakur Phanit, Deputy Permanent Secretary for Foreign Affairs of Thailand,deliveredhisclosingremarkswhichappearsasANNEXZ.

Acknowledgement

13. SeminarparticipantsexpressedtheirappreciationtotheGovernmentofThailandforthewarmhospitalityaccordedtothem.


Co-ChAirS’ SummAry reporT oF The 2nd ASeAn regionAl Forum SeminAr

on Cyber TerroriSm

Cebu CiTy, philippineS, 3-5 oCTober 2005

1. Pursuanttothedecisionofthe12thASEANRegionalForum(ARF)MinisterialMeetingin Vientiane in July 2005, the Philippines hosted the 2nd ARF Seminar on CyberTerrorismon03-05October2005inCebuCity,Philippines.Theseminarwasco-chairedbyCommissionerAngeloTimoteoDiazDeRiveraoftheCommissiononInformationandCommunicationsTechnology(CICT)onbehalfofthePhilippines,whileAmbassadorforCounter-terrorism,HisExcellencyChoIl-hwan,co-chairedonbehalfoftheRepublicofKorea.Delegatesfromsixteen(16)ARFcountries,aswellasobserversfromtheASEANSecretariat and theSoutheast AsiaRegionalCentre forCounter-Terrorism(SEARCCT)attendedtheSeminar.AttachedasANNEXAisthelistofdelegates.

2. TheseminarprovidedavenueforARFparticipatingcountriestoopenlyshareinformationandideasonnationalpoliciesoncyberterrorism,andencouragedthemtocontinuouslycooperateandcollaboratewitheachotherineffectivelyaddressingdiversecyber-relatedthreatsandcyberterrorism.

3. The participants recognized the seminar as a concrete confidence-building measurethat would sustain the momentum of cooperation and ensure continuity of effortstowards addressing the outstanding issues relating to cyber terrorism. The seminarwasconductedinaprofessionalandsinceremanner,withtheparticipantsexchangingconstructiveideasandbestpracticestocombatcyberterrorism.

4. Theseminarconsistedofsix[6]sessions:– Session1:CyberTerrorismasRegionalSecurityThreat– Session2:ProtectionofNation’sCriticalInfrastructures– Session3:CrisisManagementinCyberTerrorismIncidents– Session4:IssuesandConcernsAffectingRegionalResponse– Session 5: Simulation Exercise: Regional Cooperation to Address Cyber

Terrorism– Session6:ConsiderationandAdoptionoftheSummaryReport



OpeningSession

5. ThePhilippineCo-Chairwelcomedtheparticipantsandexpressedtheviewthatdespitethegreatdifferences in the levelofadoptionof information technology in thevarioussectorsofsocietyamongtheARFcountries,muchcommonalitycouldneverthelessstillbefound,ascyberterrorismistransnationalandborderlessinnature.Hesaidthatonlyby“knowingourenemy”canARFcountriesbecomemoreeffectiveinthepreventionandmitigationofcyber-terroristattacks.

6. The Korean Co-chair expressed his pleasure at the opportunity to come together inaunitedeffort tocombat thecommonthreatofcyber terrorismandstressed thatnowisthetimetoacceptcyberterrorismasoneofthemainsecuritythreats.Headdedthata clearunderstandingof these emerging challengesand takingappropriatemeasureswouldbecrucialinensuringthesecurityoftheregion.

7. DFA Assistant Secretary Erlinda Basilio, the ARF Intersessional Support Group (ISG)LeaderofthePhilippines,welcomedtheparticipantstotheseminar.ShestatedthatthehostingofthisseminarbythePhilippinesmanifeststhecountry’ssteadfastcommitmentto theglobal fight against terrorismaswell as its confidence in the future of ARF asaplatformforcooperativeactivities.

Session 1: Cyber Terrorism as Regional Security Threat

8. The American delegate presented the U.S. working definition of cyber terrorism andnotedthedebateontherealityversusthehypeofcyberterrorism.Hesuggestedatwo-prongedapproachincombatingcyberterrorismwherebygovernmentsplanforattacksandfocusonterrorists’useoftheinternet.AttachedasANNEXBisthepresentationoftheU.S.

9. TheU.S.presentationnotedtheemergingstrategyofterrorists,suchthattheirattacksarebothsymbolicandfunctionaltotheircause.Cyberbasedterrorismhasthereforebecomeaviablealternativetotraditionalactsofviolence.TheU.S.representativeelaboratedonthedefinition,methodology,andimpactofcyberterrorism.AttachedasANNEXCisthepresentationoftheU.S.

10. TheChinesedelegatediscussed thedefinitionofCT, themain typesand trendsofCTaswellas tacticsandcountermeasuresof theChinesegovernment.Sheproposed thattheARFhaveacommonunderstandingandultimatelyadefinitionofcyber-terrorism,establish close point of contact among each country’s law enforcement agencies,and establish an efficient and effective intelligence sharing mechanism. Attached asANNEXDisthepresentationofChina.


11. Thepresentationof theNationalCyberSecurityCenterofKorea focusedon therecenttrends incyber threats, theresponsemeasures implementedat thestate level,andtheneed for cooperationamongARFmember-countries to combat cyber terrorism. Koreaprovidedadefinitionof cyber terrorismonanational scaleandcited its ill effectsonthe various spheres and dimensions of national security. Attached as ANNEX E is thepresentationoftheRepublicofKorea.

12. Inlinewiththediscussionofthecurrentthreatenvironmentintheregion,theKoreandelegationputforwardthree(3)proposalsnamely;(a)thenominationofcontactpointsineachARFmember-country,(b)establishmentofanetworkforcooperationamongthevariouscontactpointsthroughexchangeofbasicinformationamongpointofcontactspreferablybytheendofOctober2005,and(c)settingupofacyberterrorismregionalcooperation center that would facilitate communication and coordination amongmember-countriesaswellastoprovidethedevelopmentofaCERTforcountrieswithoutexistingCERTs.

13. Thedelegations fromU.S.,Russia,andEUsuggested that theARFundertakea reviewofexistingmechanismsandproceduresthatcouldbeutilizedforregionalcooperativeefforts against cyber terrorism. The delegations cited among others the network andstructures under the G8 and the Interpol. The delegations from Malaysia and thePhilippinespointedout that the existing structuresand systemsmaynotbeadequatetoaddressthebroaderissuesandconcernsofcyberterrorismintheregion.Notingallcomments,theparticipantsagreedtofurtherstudytheproposal.

Session 2: Protection of Nation’s Critical Infrastructures

14. The International Crime and Terrorism Division of the Foreign Affairs of Canadahighlighted Canada’s strategies, policies, and programs in protecting criticalinfrastructure.TheCanadianpresentationidentifiednecessarystepstoundertakeinthefightagainstcyberterrorism.Inregardtothemanagementofcrisisincidents,CanadaisintheprocessofdefiningitsFederalCyberSecurityresponsibilitiesthroughenhancedcooperation and coordination among concerned agencies and sectors. Attached asANNEXFisthepresentationofCanada.

15. TheRussianpresentationgaveanoverviewoftheinformationsecurityinfrastructureinRussiaandoftheRussianAssociationofNetworksandServices(RANS),anassociationof network and service providers that has developed into a platform for collaborationbetweenprivateandgovernmententities.TheRussiandelegatestressedtheimportanceof ASEAN activity as a key tool of dialogue in all aspects of anti-terrorism includingcyber security in theAsiaPacificRegion. AttachedasANNEXG is thepresentationofRussianFederation.



16. The representative from the National Security Research Institute (NSRI) of Koreapresentedtheircountry’sresponsestructureandsystemintheeventofacyberattack.He noted that despite the policy and institutional initiatives of Korea, there is a needfor cooperation among ARF member-countries to address cyber intrusion attempts.Specifically, the NSRI suggested greater information sharing among ARF member-countries on cyber threats and incident responses. Attached as ANNEX H is thepresentationoftheRepublicofKorea.

17. ThePakistanidelegatepresentedseveral threats tocybersecurity fromtheperspectiveof Pakistan and the corresponding measures that their government had undertaken.He cited, among others, the establishment of the Pakistan Computer EmergencyResponse Team (PakCERT) which is a member of the Asia Pacific Security IncidentResponseCoordinationWorkingGroup(APSIRC-WG).Herecommendedtheenactmentofinternationallegislationtopenalizeentitieswhichengageincyberterrorismandtheestablishmentofan information sharingmechanismona case-to-casebasis.Healsoproposedtheholdingofthe3rdARFSeminaronCyberTerrorisminIslamabadin2006.AttachedasAnnexIisthepresentationofPakistan.

18. Inadditiontothis,thedelegatefromKoreaindicateditsintentiontohostthe4thARFSeminaronCyberTerrorismintheRepublicofKoreain2007.

19. The representative of the Philippines gave a presentation on the country’s “NationalCyberSecurityPlan” (NCSP), a comprehensiveplan that is part of thePhilippine16-Point Counter Terrorism Framework. He pointed out that the NCSP gives emphasis tothecountry’sfocusonmobilizingpublic-privatecapabilities,thestressoncybersecurityawareness, and making security a basic social function. Attached as ANNEX J is thepresentationofthePhilippines.

20. In regard to the discussion concerning the protection of critical infrastructures, theCanadian delegate explained that the provincial governments, having jurisdiction inthe implementation of measures to protect the ten (10) sectors comprising criticalinfrastructures,coordinatewiththeprivatesectorprimarilythroughconsultations.

21. The Russian delegation clarified that the sharp decrease in the number of computerrelated crimes in Russia from 2003 to 2004 was attributed to the merger of Russia’svariousinternetprovidersintofourtofivemajorservicesandtheadoptionofanti-virusandanti-spamsystemsbyallofRussia’smergedinternetproviders.

22. The delegate from Pakistan clarified that the definition of cyber terrorism providedin their proposed legislation (Pakistan Electronic Crime Bill 2005) – i.e. “The CyberTerrorism.Anyperson,group,organizationorfactionwhowithterroristicintentutilizesorexercisesorcausestoassistacomputerorcomputernetworkbyanyavailablemeans


andtherebyknowinglyengagesinorattemptstoengageinterroristicactshallbeguiltyofacrimeofcyberterrorism.”–wasusedasbasisforthesuggestedimpositionofcapitalpunishmentforcrimesinvolvingcyberterrorism.

23. TheparticipantsrecognizedtheimportancetopushforlongerretentionperiodsofISPlogsandotherrelateddatathatmaybecrucialintheinvestigationofcomputer-relatedcrimes.Theynoted,however,thatsuchinitiativestoextendtheretentionperiodbeyondtwomonthswillrequirehighmaintenancecost.

Session 3: Crisis Management in Cyber Terrorism Incidents

24. The presentation of the European Union represented by UK centered on the types ofelectronic attack and several projections on the capability of terrorists to use moreinformation technology and network communication to target critical nationalinfrastructure. The EU delegate cited the specific steps that had been undertaken toprotecttheUKcriticalnationalinfrastructure.AttachedasANNEXKisthepresentationoftheEU.

25. The presentation of Singapore focused on their national incident and managementprogram.TheSingaporeandelegatealsodiscussedthestructuresandtheircorrespondingresponsibilitiesthathavebeenestablishedbytheSingaporegovernmentinordertomeettheneedsofcybersecurity.Healsoprovidedanupdateoftheiractivitiestocombatcyberterrorism.AttachedasANNEXListhepresentationofSingapore.

26. TheMalaysianpresentationnotedthatcyberterrorismcouldserveastoolstointensifystate conflicts since many cases involve cross-border crimes. Thus, international andregional cooperation is deemed crucial. The Malaysian delegate proposed intensifiedcollaborationondigitalforensicsandtheestablishmentofpointsofcontactinalllevelsofcybersecurityrangingfromlawenforcementtoCERTstoprovide,amongothers,earlyinformationwarning.AttachedasANNEXMisthepresentationofMalaysia.

27. ThepresentationofThailand focusedon the cyber terrorismcountermeasuresof theThai government that have been undertaken to address the threat of cyber terrorism,among others, the establishment of the Cyber Inspector Group (CIG) under theMinistry of Information and Communication Technology. The CIG monitors websitesandprevents theabuseof the internet, facilitates the enactmentof crucial legislationgoverningelectronictransactions,andtheconductoftrainingforpersonneltocombatcyberterrorism.AttachedasANNEXNisthepresentationofThailand.

28. The private sector representative from the Computer Associates gave a presentationwhich focusedonboth the target environmentanddefense strategy including varioustechnologies against cyber terrorism. He cited several technologies beyond perimeter



defense and these included security information management, centralized securityincidentmanagement,vulnerabilitymanagement,endpointprotectionforPCs,identityandaccessmanagement,ServiceOrientedArchitectureProtection(SOA),andnetworkforensics.AttachedasANNEXOisthepresentationoftheComputerAssociates.

29. In line with the discussion on crisis management in cyber terrorism incidents, theparticipants discussed the experiences of the United Kingdom with regards to theprotectionofcriticalinfrastructure.

30. The Korean Co-Chair appreciated the EU delegate’s forecast for 2010 in regard to thecapabilityofcyberterrorists.Hesharedtheviewthatbothgovernmentandprivatesectorsshouldfurtherenhancetheircapabilitiestowards2010toaddresscyberterrorism.

31. TheEUdelegatepointedoutthatterroristswouldcertainlyusethespeedofnetworkandtechnological changes. Thus, he stressed that countries need to be more prepared inthefutureaswellastobuildpublicandprivatetrustandconfidenceasfoundationforcooperation.

32. InresponsetothequeryofthePakistanidelegateregardingcountermeasuresagainstcyber terrorism, the EU delegate explained that they are in the process of organizingtowardsstrengtheninginternationalandregionalcooperation.

33. The Pakistani delegate sought further information on the UK’s practices concerningprivate and wireless telecommunications technology that uses satellites. He pointedout that this type of technology could be utilized in countries without local legalrestrictions.

34. TheEUdelegateexplainedthatwhilethereisnolegalexpertisethataddressesalltypesof vulnerabilities, the laws of the country could apply with respect to internationalgateways.Hepointedoutthattheabsenceoflegislationcouldbeexploitedbyterrorists.InthecaseoftheUK,hesaidthatthegovernmentisalsoworkingcloselywithISPsandthecompaniesusingInternationalPrivateLeasedCircuits.

Session 4: Issues and Concerns Affecting Regional Response

35. The U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) presented a paper on the InfraGardwhich is aimed at providing support to private-public sectors information-sharingandtoallFBIinvestigativeprogramsparticularlythoseconcerningcounter-terrorism,counterintelligence, and anti-cyber crime. He stressed the crucial role of the FBI andof law enforcement agencies in securing critical infrastructure as well as the needfor information-sharing through partnerships with concerned industries. Attached asANNEXPisthepresentationoftheU.S.


36. The Indonesian presentation gave an overview of the cyber threat situation and themeasuresthatthegovernmenthasadoptedtoaddresscybercrimesandterrorism.TheIndonesiandelegatepointedoutthedestructiveimpactofterrorismandcybercrimesnotonlytocriticalinfrastructuresbuttothecountryasawholeasitcancausedisturbance,chaos,anddamagetothesocio-economicandpoliticallifeofthenation.Hespecificallycited the on-going process of establishing the Indonesian CERT or the IndonesianSecurityIncidentResponseTeamonInformationInfrastructure(IDSIRTII).AttachedasANNEXQisthepresentationofIndonesia.

37. The Korea Information Security Agency (KISA) gave a presentation on “The SecurityIssuesinKoreaandInternationalCooperation”.TheKISAhighlightedatestofPersonalComputer Survival Time as a capsule of the reality facing the security environmentin Korea. The Korean delegate stressed the importance of collaborative activities forthe Asia-Pacific Region, concluding that international cooperation must be furtherenhanced with emphasis on closer cooperation between the public and private sector.AttachedasANNEXRisthepresentationoftheRepublicofKorea.

38. The Korean Co-Chair thanked the delegate from Indonesia for updating the seminarontheBalibombingincidentof01October2005.Inthisregard,heexpresseddeepestcondolences and sympathies to the victims of the Bali bombing incident and stressedthattheARFwouldtakeapositivestanceinthefightagainstterrorism.

39. The delegate from the EU concurred with the concerns of the delegates from Koreaand the U.S. regarding the problems posed by malicious BotNets on national criticalinfrastructure. The EU, Korean, and U.S. delegations also agreed that cyber terroristsnowhave theopportunity tobenefit fromhackers carryingoutactivities for financialgainratherthanfromadesiretoexploitthetechnology.

40. In response to thequeryofKoreaconcerning themeasuresundertakenby theU.S. incase of breach of the U.S. Government Code of Ethics concerning public and privatepartnerships specificallyon theunauthorizeddisclosureof classified information, theU.S. delegate clarified that information sharing between the U.S. public and privatesectors is discretionary on the part of the owners of the information. He added thatshouldthesharedinformationbecompromised,thesamewouldnotbeanissueifitisunclassified.

41. In regard to the query of the Korean delegate on the interface and cooperativemechanismbeingadoptedbyU.S.GovernmentconcerningWeaponsofMassDestruction(WMD) Response, the U.S. delegate replied that U.S. Government efforts remain veryfocused, specific,andgoal-oriented;andemphasis isgiven to supplement intelligenceinformationwhichiscrucialinpursuingcriminalcases.



42. InreplytothequeryoftheChinesedelegateonthemannerofcoordinationbetweentheDepartment of Homeland Security (DHS) and the FBI specifically concerning the useofCERTandFBIInfraGard,thedelegatefromtheU.S.clarifiedthattheU.S.A.PatriotAct has defined the roles of the DHS and FBI whereby the latter is required to shareinformationwiththeDHSonthreatwarningandanalysis.HesaidthattheroleoftheFBIistoshareintelligenceinformationoncounterterrorism,threatstonationalcriticalinfrastructures,andcriminalinvestigations.

43. RespondingtothequeryoftheChinesedelegateonprovisionoflegalassistancetoChinaon matters concerning cyber terrorism under the U.S.-China Mutual Legal AssistanceAgreement (MLAA), the U.S. delegation explained that under the MLAA the U.S.DepartmentofJusticeservesasthecentralauthoritytowhichtheChineseGovernmentcouldconvey its request forany legalassistanceonanymatterscoveredby theMLAA.HeaddedthattheU.S.DepartmentofJusticewouldbethefocalpointshouldthelegalassistancerequiretheparticipationofotherconcernedU.S.departmentsandagencies.

Session 5: Simulation Exercise: Regional Cooperation to Address Cyber Terrorism

44. A simulation exercise was conducted. Attached as ANNEX S are the scenarios and thesummaryoftheworkshopresults.

Session 6: Consideration and Adoption of the Summary Report

45. Theparticipantsmadefollowingrecommendationsonmeasurestoimprovecapabilitiestoaddresscyberterrorism:A. TheissuanceofanARFministerialstatementthatwill:

• recognizethefollowing:– CTisadestructiveanddevastatingmethodofglobalterrorism– Themagnitude,rapidspreadandthetrans-nationalnatureofthe

problemduetoincreasingglobalcyberinterconnectivity– Theurgencyandimperativetoaddresstheproblematthenational

andregionallevels– The importance of regional cooperation to combat CT and the

coordinatingroleoftheARFinaddressingCTintheregion• callforthefollowing:

– Identificationofnationalcybersecurityunitsandestablishmentofaregionaldirectoryofnationalcontactpoints

– Establishment of an ARF-wide network of CERTs to facilitate theregular exchange of threat and vulnerability assessment andissuanceofrequiredwarningsandpatches

– Identificationofeachcountry’sareasofexpertiseonCT– Enhancement of each country’s capabilities to deal with CT


throughcapacitybuildingprograms(training in forensics, legal,technical,etc)

– CollaborationwithinternationalandregionalorganizationswithsimilarconcernstoaddresstheissueofCT

– Identification of critical infrastructure which could be potentialtargets for CT attack and critical infrastructure protectionmeasures

– Encouragementofprivatesectorpartnershipwiththegovernmentin the field of information security and fighting cyber crimeincludingtheprotectionofcriticalinfrastructure

– Encouragement of the enactment and implementation of cybercrimeandcybersecuritybaselinelawsthatareconsistentwiththeprovisionsofinternationallegalinstruments

– Increasingpublicawarenessoncybersecurityandcyberethicswithemphasisonsafetyandsecurity,bestpractices,theresponsibilitiesof using information networks and negative consequences frommisuseofnetworks.

– Encouragementof theannualmeetingofCT experts toarriveataprogramofcooperationandmonitoringofitsprogress

B. Theformulationofanationalframeworkforcooperationandcollaborationinaddressingcyber-terrorismwiththefollowingelements:• Inter-agency coordinating body to deal with strategic and operational

issues• Policyandlegislationrelatedtocyberterrorism• Establishmentofbilateral,regionalandinternationallinkages• Mechanisms• Regulatorymeasures

Given the above terms of reference, the essential organs to be included in the above-proposedcoordinatingbodywouldbethoseagenciesinchargeof:(a)Nationalsecurityandintelligence;(b)Legalandlawenforcement;(c)Foreignaffairs;(d)Informationandcommunication;(e)ComputerEmergencyResponseTeam(CERT);(f)ITbusinesssocieties;and(g)Non-governmentorganizations.

The national framework should look into the political, legal, technical, security, andtraining and capacity-building aspects of cooperation, as well as aim to achieve thefollowingproposedsolutionstoaddressperceivedchallengesinthefightagainstcyber-terrorism.



• Developpertinentlegalframework• Increasecoordinationamongnationalagencies• Collaboration/cooperation with international and regional agencies;

and,effectivemanagementofresources• Awareness enhancement programmes and advocacy on citizens/user

responsibility• Training/ technologytransferandcounter-measures,especiallydigital

forensics• Reinforcecapabilitiestoprotectcriticalinfrastructure

C. Theformulationofaregionalframeworkforcooperationandcollaborationwiththefollowingelements,forconsiderationbytheARFMinisters:

Short term• Establishment of a directory of Focal Points for public authorities in-

chargeofprotectionofcriticalinfrastructure,lawenforcementagenciesandCERTs

• Convening of Technical or Expert Working Group meeting with thefollowingobjectives:– To revisit/improve capacity of Public Authority in charge of

protectionofcriticalinfrastructure,lawenforcementagenciesandCERTstopromoteinteroperabilityamongcountries,e.g.Exchangeofinformation

– Towork towards theestablishmentofa regional legal frameworkpertainingtocyberterrorism

– Toenhanceconfidence-buildingmeasuresamongdifferentCERTnetworks (e.g., training programs among different CERTs) tocontinueclosercountry-to-countrycooperation

– Advocacy-publicawarenessandparticipationonissuesrelatedtocombatingcyberterrorismamongpublicauthorities in-chargeofprotectionofcriticalinfrastructure,lawenforcementagenciesandCERTs

• EncourageARFparticipatingcountriestosubmittheirnationallegislationpertainingtocyberterrorismtotheARFUnitattheASEANSecretariatforfurtherdisseminationamongARFparticipatingcountries

• AdviseChinaandBruneitoconsidertheinclusionofCyberTerrorismasoneoftheagendaitemsoftheARFISMonCTTCin2006


Medium-term• To enhance capacity-building and training aimed at improving

capabilitiesoflawenforcementagenciesandotheragenciesresponsibleforcombatingcyberterrorism

• Mobilize technical assistance to enhance the capacity of regional lawenforcement agencies and other agencies responsible for combatingcyberterrorism

• Inclusionofcyber-terrorismintheongoingestablishmentoftheASEANConventiononCounter-terrorism

Long term• Further consultations on best practices regarding agreements to meet

the operational requirements of the CERTs among ARF participating-countries

• EncourageARFparticipating-countries to establishorupdatenationallegislationpertainingtocyberterrorism

• Establishment of mechanisms for regional cooperation to combatcyber terrorism(eg., information sharing for rapid resolution of cyberterrorismincidents)

• EstablishmentofanARFCentreonCounterCyber-terrorism



Co-ChAirS’ SummAry reporT oF The ASeAn regionAl Forum WorKShop on Civil miliTAry operATionS

mAKATi CiTy, philippineS, 12-13 SepTember 2005

1. AsagreedbytheForeignMinistersatthe12thASEANRegionalForum(ARF),theARFWorkshop on Civil Military Operations (CMO) was held on 12-13 September 2005 inMakati City and was co-chaired by the Philippines and Australia. The workshop wasattendedby57delegatesfrom21participantsoftheARF.

2. The objectives of the workshop were to recognize the importance of CMO in meetingregional peace and security challenges, foster harmonious relationship among theparticipants of the ARF through practical-level confidence-building activities, andidentifypossibleareasofcooperationindevelopingCMOasaneffectivetoolindisasterreliefoperations.

3. The workshop consisted of the following parts: opening ceremony, presentations bypre-selected speakers, syndicate discussion, consideration and adoption of workshopoutputsandclosingceremony.Inconsideringtheissues,participantsrecognizedcurrentwork progress in other areas such as the ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management(ACDM)andtheneedtoavoidduplicationandalignoutcomes.

4. Inthesyndicatediscussion,theparticipantsweredividedintofour(4)syndicategroupswhichanalyzedanddiscussedCMOactivitiessetinadisasterresponsescenario.

OpeningSession

5. ThePhilippineco-chairstressedtheimportanceoffindingacommonunderstandingofCMOandhowitcanbetappedtomeetregionalchallenges.Throughthisworkshop,heexpressedthehopethattheparticipantswouldbeabletobuildontheiralreadystrongrelationshipsandencourageregionalcoordinationindisasterresponseoperations.

6. TheAustralianco-chairthankedthePhilippinegovernmentforhostingthisimportantundertaking,notingthatitistimelyandimportantregionally.HesaidthatwiththisARFworkshop,theparticipantswouldbeabletocollectivelyworktowardsabettercooperativeresponse todisastersandhumanitarian reliefgiven their sharedexperiencesandbestpractices.


7. Inhisopeningremarks,UndersecretaryFranklinEbdalinoftheDepartmentofForeignAffairsoftheRepublicofthePhilippinescitedtheimportantroleplayedbyarmedforcesindisasterreliefoperations.

Presentations

8. Dr. Anthony Golez, Deputy Administrator of the Office of Civil Defense, Philippines,presented a paper highlighting the Armed Forces of the Philippine’s (AFP) role inthe Philippine Disaster Management System. He described the AFP as a vital partnerin the implementation of disaster management programs and activities, particularlyin response as one of the first responder groups to any disaster or calamity. The AFPassistsDisasterCoordinatingCouncilsduringemergencies in rescueandengineering,evacuation,reliefservices,rehabilitationandtransportationservices.

9. Major Murray Heron of the Australian Peacekeeping Centre gave a briefing on theAustralianDefenceForce(ADF)CivilMilitaryInteractioninDisasterReliefOperations.WithintheADF,civilmilitarycooperationispredominantlyatacticaltaskundertakenbymilitaryagenciesinordertoachievethecommander’sgoals.Thecoordinationofdisasterreliefinteractionwouldostensiblyliewiththecivilianagenciesasthefirstresponders,withtheADFbeingaskedtoassistifrequired.Inemergencysituations,theADFisoftencalledupontoprovidesecurity, transport,engineering,communications,andmedicalservices. In response to a question from a participant, MAJ Heron stated that in mostinstances military forces should be a last resort for providing relief in humanitarianemergencies.However,duetothemilitary’srapiddeploymentcapabilitiesandlogisticalassets,itwasoftenthebestplacedrespondertodisasters.MajHeroncautionedthatover-relianceonthemilitary,ortheirimprudentusemayseverelydamagethehumanitariansystem, and place humanitarian activities and workers at risk. In all internationalhumanitarian emergencies, civilian and military actors need to coordinate activitiesthatwillimpactthedeliveryofassistancetoaffectedcommunities.

10. In his presentation on Indonesia’s perspectives on the Aceh tsunami disaster relief,BGen Heryadi emphasized the significant role played by the regional armed forces,international agencies and local and international non-government organizations(NGOs) in humanitarian assistance operations. He said that the success of suchhumanitarianassistanceoperationwouldlargelydependonhowthehostcountrywouldbeabletoproperlycoordinateandcooperatewithallinternationalmilitarycontingents,international organizations and NGOs in order to optimize the desired results. Hefurtherstressedtheneedtocomeupwithtimelyandaccurateinformation/datasothatthedisasterresponseagencieswouldbeabletoproperlyrespondandcopewithdifferentdisasterscenarios.



11. Mr. Felipe Donoso, Head of Delegation of the International Committee of the RedCross (ICRC) focused on the ICRC’s mandate and its relationship with the military.IndiscussingICRC’soperationalrelationswith themilitary,hestressed thataccess tovictims would be impossible without the assistance of the military. It is also throughcoordinationwiththemilitarythatsecurityisguaranteedandservicesaredeliveredtothevictimsofconflictsordisasters.Healsohighlightedtheimportanceoftransparency,predictabilityanddialogueandinformationsharingatalllevels.

12. DirectorRenatoSolidum,Jrof thePhilippineInstituteofVolcanologyandSeismology,Department of Science and Technology highlighted the Philippine experience onearthquakes. The Philippines, he said, is prone to various hazards such as typhoons,floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and tsunamis because of its geographicand geologic setting. For the past 400 years, the Philippines has had 90 destructiveearthquakes, the strongest of which occurred in 1976 in Moro Gulf registeringa7.9magnitudeinRichterScale.Thisresultedinthedeathof3,739andwoundingof8,000.DirectorSolidumstressedtheneedforeveryonetobepreparedatalltimesastheoccurrenceofearthquakescannotbecontrolled,howevertheeffectscouldbemanaged.

ConsiderationandAdoptionofWorkshopOutputs

IdentificationandManagementofCMOChallengesinDisasterRelief

13. Theparticipantsrecognizedtheneedforarapidtechnicalandscientificassessmenttoexaminethecoverageandextentofdamagesandprioritizeeffortsindisasterrelief.

14. OtherCMOchallengesindisasterreliefwereidentifiedsuchastheneedforacommonunderstanding of CMO, formalization of CMO procedures, appropriate disseminationof information and disaster management plans at all levels, availability of fundsfor immediate deployment, and appropriateness and practicality of assistance anddonations.

IdentificationofCapacitiesandCapabilitiesforRegionalCMOCooperation

15. The delegates discussed the types of CMO assistance that the ARF participants mayprovideindisastersituations.Thisassistancemaybeintheformofsearchandrescue,engineering,emergencycommunicationandtransportation,health,publicinformation,securityandpublicsafety,utilities/electricity,basicservicesandsanitation.

16. They agreed that it was critical for the region to develop capabilities that enable theimmediate provision of personnel and logistics. Other issues such as compatibility ofequipment and appropriate allocation of resources to areas requiring assistance wereidentifiedasimportantareastobeaddressed.


PotentialAreasforRegionalCooperation

17. Theparticipantsidentifiedpossibleareasforregionalcooperation.Theyrecommendedthefollowing:

Recommendation1: Create and maintain updated, shared database of assets and capabilities of ARF

participantsavailableandreadyfordeploymentforinternationalhumanitarianaid.• SetupapermanentARFfacilitydedicatedtodevelopingthefollowing:

SummarizedMatrixofPastandCurrentEfforts– DatabaseofExpertsandCapabilities(eg,Australianlist)– Updating,monitoringand follow throughofagreements reached

andproposalsmade Comprehensive documentation of specific disasters including

photographsandotherrelevantinformation– Gatherbestpracticesforreferenceanduseofparties– Sharenationaldisasterplans

InstituteaCommunityofPractice (CoP)andKnowledgeManagementSystem(KMS)

Recommendation2:• Incorporate international assistance into National Disaster Response

Plans including military especially in disaster prone region i.e.designationofnationalfocalpointsofinternationalaidandidentificationofentrypoints.

RecommendationsonInformationManagement

Recommendation3:• Standardizeoperatingprinciples/proceduresforuseofbothcivilianand

military disaster relief workers and materials within ARF participantsi.e.visa,diplomaticclearance,landingpermits.

Recommendation4:• RecognizetheimportanceoftheASEANHumanitarianAssistanceCentre,

theASEANDisasterInformationSharingandCommunicationNetwork,and regional instrument on disaster management and emergencyresponse and recommend strengthening their potential in capacitybuilding and coordinating regional disaster relief and rehabilitationefforts that affect ASEAN and its ARF partners. For example in thecoordinationandallocationofreliefresourcesandefforts.



Recommendation5:• Establish ARF regional standby arrangements and strengthen current

arrangementsfordisasterreliefandemergencyresponse.– Establishingprocedures– Useofwebsite– Earmarkingofmilitaryandcivilassetsandresources

Recommendation6:• ARFparticipantscouldestablisharegistrationprocedurefor incoming

NGOstominimizeconfusion,duplication,etc.• ARF participants should develop a list of NGOs, their capabilities,

including funding arrangements, sustainability. Each country shouldgatherrelevantNGOinformationandmaintainitwithinitsemergencymanagementagency.

Recommendation7:• Interpret UN guidelines at a regional level for compatibility with ARF

participants’specificdisasterneedsandcontributingnations’response.– UNOsloGuidelinesfortheuseofmilitaryandcivildefenseassets

innaturaldisasterresponse– UnitedNationsDisasterAssessmentandCoordination(UNDAC)

RecommendationsonCapacityBuilding

Recommendation8:• Institutionalizeeducation,trainingandcombinedandjointexercisesin

CMOandindisasterreliefoperations,i.e.planningexercises,commandexercises.

• ARF participants should consider conducting a desktop disaster reliefexercise,andpossiblyafieldexerciseinduecourse.

Recommendation9:• Establish exchange/attachment program between ARF participants

emergency management agencies, to exchange views, establishrelationshipsandunderstandingofrespectivecountries’procedures.


RecommendationsonCooperationAgreements

Recommendation10:• Considerthecontributiontoacommonfundforregionaldisasterrelief.

i.e.forearlywarningsystem.

Recommendation11:• Establish legal arrangements (MOUs and SOFAs) to facilitate

internationalassistance.– Bilateraland/ormultilateral

Recommendation12:• That the ARF Intersessional Meeting (ISM) on Disaster Relief invites

volunteer countries to coordinate the implementation of theserecommendations.



ArF STATemenT on diSASTer mAnAgemenT And emergenCy reSponSe


TheChairmanoftheASEANRegionalForum,onbehalfoftheparticipatingcountries,issuesthefollowingstatement:

Expressing condolences and sympathy to the victims, their families, the Government andthepeopleofthecountriesthatsufferedsignificanthuman,socialandeconomiclossesanddamages from the unprecedented tsunami disaster and earthquake as well as typhoons,cyclones/hurricanes,floodsandlandslidesinvariousARFparticipatingcountries;

Recalling the Declaration on Action to Strengthen Emergency Relief, Rehabilitation,Reconstruction and Prevention in the aftermath of the Earthquake and Tsunami Disasterof 26 December 2004 issued at the Special ASEAN Leaders’ Meeting on the Aftermath ofEarthquakeandTsunamiinJakarta,6January2005;theHyogoFrameworkforAction2005-2015(HFA),adoptedattheWorldConferenceonDisasterReduction,inKobe,18-22January2005toeffectivelytackledisasterreduction;theMinisterialMeetingonRegionalCooperationonTsunamiEarlyWarningArrangementinPhuket,29January2005;theASEANAgreementonDisasterManagementandEmergencyResponse,26 July2005; theAsianConferenceonDisaster Reduction in Beijing, 27-28 September 2005; as well as international conferencesconcerningnaturalorotherdisasters,includingmanmade,undertheauspicesoftheUnitedNations;

Deeplyconcernedabouttheadditionalsocio-economicburdenbornebytheARFparticipatingcountries, particularly the developing countries, due to the number, scale and increasingimpactofnaturaldisastersandotherdisastersituations;

Notingwithappreciationthesolidarity,brotherhood,senseofhumanity,generousoutpouringof support and constructive cooperation shownby the international community, includingARFparticipatingcountries,tohelpaffectedcommunitieswithhumanitarianassistanceinresponse to recent natural disasters, including the 2004 earthquake and tsunami in theIndianoceanandthe2005SouthAsiaearthquake;

Reaffirmingthathumanitarianassistancemustbeprovidedinaccordancewiththeprinciplesofhumanity,neutralityandimpartiality;


Mindfuloftheimportanceofencouragingregionalandinternationalcooperationtoenhancepreparednessandsupporttheeffortsofaffectedcountriestomitigateandrespondtonaturaldisastersinalltheirphasesandtoreducelossoflifeandothersocial,economicandglobalenvironmentalassets;

Emphasizing the importance of civil-military cooperation in meeting regional peace andsecurity challengesaswellas identifyingpossibleareasof cooperation indevelopingcivil-militarycooperationasaneffectivetoolindisasterreliefoperations,atapacecomfortabletoall,consistentwithinternationallyagreedprinciples;

Recognizing the need for common understanding of civil-military cooperation, and thedevelopmentofstandardizedcivil-militarycoordinationproceduresconsistentwithexistinginternationalguidelines;

Recognizing also the need for appropriate and people-centered early warning and thedisseminationofinformationanddisastermanagementplansatalllevels,includingatthecommunitylevel,whichhasthusfarreceivedratherlimitedattentionfromtheinternationalcommunityandnationalgovernments;

Notingtheimportanceoftheavailabilityoffundsintheregionforimmediatedisbursement,and the appropriateness of contributions to support timely and effective responses tohumanitarianemergenciesandnotinginternationaleffortstoincreasethepoolofresourcesavailable;

ReaffirmingthatStateshavetheprimaryresponsibilitytoprotectthepeopleandpropertyontheirterritoriesfromnaturaldisasters;

Recallingthatthesovereignty,territorialintegrityandnationalunityofstatesmustbefullyrespectedinaccordancewiththecharteroftheUnitedNations.Inthiscontext,humanitarianassistanceshouldbeprovidedwiththeconsentoftheaffectedcountryandinprincipleonthebasisofanappealbytheaffectedcountry;

Emphasizingtheimportanceofdevelopingandstrengtheninginstitutions,mechanismsandcapacitiesatthesub-national,national,regionalaswellastheinternationallevelstosupportcommunitycapacitiestoreducedisasterrisk;

ReaffirmingthecentralroleoftheUnitedNationsinprovidingleadershipandcoordinatingtheeffortsoftheinternationalcommunity;

Acknowledging the importance of the ASEAN Standby Arrangements for Disaster ReliefandEmergencyResponse, theASEANCoordinatingCentre forHumanitarianAssistanceonDisasterManagement,ASEANDisaster InformationSharingandCommunicationNetwork,



theASEANCommitteeonDisasterManagement(ACDM),andotherregionalinstrumentsondisaster management and emergency response, including UN bodies, and recognizing theneedforclosecoordinationbetweenregionalandinternationalbodies;

Recognizing the importance of the national sovereignty and integrity as well as theinternationallawintheprocessofdisastermanagementandemergencyresponse.

ARF participating countries will endeavor to enhance cooperation that support andcomplement existing regional and international disaster management and emergencyresponsemechanismsinthefollowingareas:A. RiskIdentificationandMonitoring

(1) to take appropriate measures to identify regional disaster risks and riskmanagement capacities and conduct disaster risk assessment covering amongothers; natural hazards, risk assessment, monitoring vulnerabilities andappraisalofdisastermanagementcapacitiesandtheinputs/resourcesrequiredtoappropriatelyreinforcethese;

(2) to share information with regard to forecasting and monitoring hazards anddisasterstointerestedARFparticipants;informationtransmission,feedbackandaction(particularlyrelatingtopopulationsatrisk).

B. DisasterPreventionandPreparedness(1) to develop an ARF Virtual Task Force on multi-hazard Disaster Response

ManagementinordertopromoteARFcooperationindisaster-relatedissues;(2) tosupporttheworkofUNESCOIntergovernmentalOceanographicCommission

in building up an Indian Ocean Tsunami Early Warning System and to linkup with other regional efforts to create a global multi-hazard early warningsystem;

(3) tocalluponallARFparticipatingcountriestointegratedisasterriskreductioneffortsintotheirnationallegislativeframeworks,policiesandstrategiesinlinewiththeHyogoFrameworkforAction2005-2015;

(4) toestablishadirectoryofspecializedexperts/groupsofexpertsindisasterreliefandemergencypreparednessintheARFNetandshareitwiththeUnitedNationsOfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairs;

(5) tomaintainanupdatedregionaldatabaseofemergenciesresponseanddisastermanagementcontacts,andtodevelopajointdatabaseofassetsandcapabilitiesavailable to be shared with the United Nations Office for the Coordination ofHumanitarianAffairsCentralRegisterofDisasterManagementCapacitiesandtheRegisterofMilitary,CivilDefenseandCivilProtectionAssets(MCDA);

(6) to compile ARF participating countries’ disaster management procedures/manuals and capabilities in order to enhance common understanding of


respective countries’ emergency preparedness procedures through sharing oflessonslearnedandbestpractices;

(7) to work towards the development of ARF regional standby arrangements forimmediate humanitarian assistance including the development of StandardOperating Procedures (of non-binding nature) in close cooperation with theUnitedNationsOfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairs;

(8) to allocate adequate resources for the development and implementation ofdisastermanagementpoliciesatalllevelsofadministration;

(9) to collaborate with international partners to clarify their possible roles insupportingnationaldisasterresponseplans;

(10) to consider, as appropriate, the development of bilateral/regional/multilaterallegalarrangements/frameworktofacilitateandinlinewithdisastermanagementandemergencyresponserelatedinternationalassistance;

(11) toimprovecommunicationsprotocolswithinternationaldatawarningproviders(in termsof24hour-per-day, seven-day-per-weeknotificationandverificationdatainputandwarningswithallcriticalinternationaldataproviders);

(12) to provide early warning information to ARF participating countries, whichincludeseismicandsealeveldata,dataonseismicoriginsandtolinkwithotherwarningsystemsandtoexchangedatainthecaseofanemergency.

C. EmergencyResponseandDisasterRelief(1) toconsider,asappropriate,thedevelopmentofARFgeneralguidelinesondisaster

managementandemergencyresponsefortheuseofbothcivilianandmilitarypersonnel within the ARF participating countries and to ensure consistencywithexistingUNguidelinesandASEANmechanismsondisastermanagementand emergency response, civil-military cooperation and other internationalcapabilities;

(2) toenhancenetworkingandcoordinationbetweennationalSearchandRescue(SAR)andotherreliefagenciesofARFparticipants,andwiththeInternationalSearchandRescueAdvisoryGroup(INSARAG);

(3) to promote coordination among donors, relief agencies, and the internationalcommunity in carrying out short, medium and long-term rehabilitation,reconstruction and risk-reduction efforts led by the Governments of disasters-affected countries, in cooperation with the International Recovery Platformco-organized by the UN (UNDP, ISDR, OCHA and ILO), the World Bank, theInternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCrescentSocieties,andtheAsianDisasterReductionCenter(ADRC);

(4) to receive warning information and to coordinate with national disasterwarningcenterofeachcountry tomaximizeefficiencyinemergencyresponseanddisasterrelief.



D. CapacityBuilding(1) to undertake research and education, as well as sharing of knowledge and

expertise among ARF participating countries with a view to strengtheningcapacitiesinthefieldofdisasterriskreduction;

(2) to strengthen national/regional preparedness and disaster managementcapability through education and training, sharing of expertise, desktopdisasterreliefsimulationexercisesandcombinedjointexercisesincivilmilitaryoperations;

(3) to promote networking, enhance coordination and establish exchange/attachment programs between and among ARF participants’ emergencymanagementagencies;

(4) towelcomeandmakeuseoftheMulti-DonorVoluntaryTrustonTsunamiEarlyWarning Arrangements in the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia, which hasbeenestablishedon26September2005underUNESCAPadministrationfortheestablishment of an effective early warning system in the Indian Ocean andSoutheastAsia.

ARF participating countries are to regularly review the progress of these and other effortsto further strengthen cooperation in disaster relief at the subsequent ARF Intersessional-MeetingonDisasterReliefaswellasotherARFmeetings.


ArF STATemenT on CooperATion in FighTing Cyber ATTACK And TerroriST miSuSe oF Cyber SpACe


TheChairmanoftheASEANRegionalForum(ARF),onbehalfoftheparticipatingstatesandorganization,issuesthefollowingstatement:

Strongly condemning all acts of terrorism regardless of their motivations, whenever andby whomsoever committed, as one of the most serious threats to international peace andsecurity;

Reaffirmingtheimperativetocombatterrorisminallitsformsandmanifestations;

Rejectinganyattempttoassociateterrorismwithanyreligion,nationality,race,orculture;

EnsuringthatallmeasurestocombatterrorismareinaccordancewiththeUnitedNationsCharter and other applicable principles of international law, including humanitarian andhumanrightslaw;

Acknowledgingthatterroristmisuseofcyberspaceisadestructiveanddevastatingformandmanifestationofglobalterrorismwhosemagnitudeandrapidspreadwouldbeexacerbatedbytheincreasingcyberinterconnectivityofcountriesintheregion;

Recognizingtheseriousramificationsofanattackviacyberspacetocriticalinfrastructureon the securityof thepeopleandon the economicandphysicalwell-beingof countries intheregion;

Recognizing the detrimental impact of fear which can be enhanced by the terrorists inconjunctionwithattacksinphysicalspace;

Further recognizing that terrorist misuse of cyber space is a form of cyber crime and acriminalmisuseofinformationtechnologies;

Acknowledging that theproceeds fromcyber crimemaybe launderedand/orused to fundterroristactivities;

EmphasizingtheimportanceofARFcountriesactingcooperativelytopreventtheexploitationof technology, communications, and resources, including Internet, to incite support for



and/orcommitcriminalor terroristacts, includingtheuseby terroristsof the internet forrecruitmentandtrainingpurposes.

Recalling the ARF Statement on Strengthening Transport Security against InternationalTerrorismof2July2004,whichmentions,inparticular,thatARFcountrieswillendeavortocooperatetoensurethatterroristsarepreventedfromusinginformationtechnologyanditsapplicationstodisruptandsabotagetheoperationoftransportationsystems;

Stressingtheneedforcooperationbetweengovernmentsandtheprivatesectorinidentifying,preventing,andmitigatingcyber-attacksandterroristmisuseofcyber-space;

Believing that an effective fight against cyber-attacks and terrorist misuse of cyber spacerequiresincreased,rapidandwell-functioninglegalandotherformsofcooperation.

1. ARFparticipatingstatesandorganizationendeavortoenact,iftheyhavenotyetdoneso,andimplementcybercrimeandcybersecurity laws inaccordancewith theirnationalconditionsandbyreferringtorelevantinternationalinstrumentsandrecommendations/guidelines for theprevention,detection, reduction,andmitigationofattacks towhichthey are party, including the ten recommendations in the UN General AssemblyResolution55/63onCombatingtheCriminalMisuseofInformationTechnologies.

2. ARFparticipatingcountriesandorganizationacknowledgetheimportanceofanationalframeworkforcooperationandcollaborationinaddressingcriminal,includingterrorist,misuse of cyber space and encourage the formulation of such a framework that mayincludethefollowingproposedcoursesofaction:• Identifynationalcybersecurityunitsandincreasecoordinationamongnational

agencies;• Developnationalwatch,warning,andincidentresponsecapabilities;• Collaborate/cooperate with international and regional agencies for cyber

investigation and collection and sharing of cyber evidence and, effectivemanagement of resources for mutually beneficial partnerships that fosterinternational cooperation, interoperability, and coordination in fightingcriminalandterroristmisuseofcyberspace;

• Conducttraining/technologytransferandcounter-measures,especiallydigitalforensics;

• Reinforce capabilities to protect and recover critical infrastructure, minimizeloss,trackandtracethesabotageactivitiesonsuchinfrastructure;

• Encourageprivatesectorpartnershipwiththegovernmentinthefieldofinformationsecurityandfightingcybercrime,includingtheprotectionofcriticalinfrastructure;

• Increase public awareness on cyber security and cyber ethics with emphasisonsafetyandsecurity,bestpractices, the responsibilitiesofusing informationnetworksandnegativeconsequencesfrommisuseofnetworks.


3. ARF participating states and organization agree to work together to improve theircapabilities toadequatelyaddress cyber crime, including the terroristmisuseof cyberspaceby:• Endeavoring to identify national cyber security units and joining and

participatinginestablishednetworksofcooperation;• Endeavoring to establish an ARF-wide network of Computer Security Incident

Response Teams (CSIRT) concerning cyber-crime to facilitate the real timeexchange of threat and vulnerability assessment and issuance of requiredwarningsandpatchesandwhichwouldjoinexistingcyberandincidentwarningandresponsenetworks;

• Leveraging on existing cooperation among different CSIRT networks andcollaboratingwithotherinternationalandregionalorganizationswithsimilarconcerns;

• Providing,whereandwhenpossible,technicalassistanceandcapacity-buildingprogramstocountriesthatrequesthelpindevelopinglaws,extendingtraining(in forensics, law enforcement, legal and technical matters), and when andwherepossible,providinghardwareandsoftware;

• Withintheframeworkofapplicabledataprotectionregulation,informationandintelligencesharingbetweenlawenforcement,partners,andregionalagencies,andcommunity;

• Enhancingefforts towards trainingandawarenessamongthemasses tobringaboutacultureofcybersecurity.

4. The ARF participating countries and organization also commit to continue workingtogether in the fight against cyber crime, including terrorist misuse of cyber space,throughactivitiesaimedatenhancingconfidenceamongdifferentnationalCSIRTs,aswellasformulatingadvocacyandpublicawarenessprograms.

5. ARF participating countries and organization commit themselves to adopting suchmeasures as may be appropriate and in accordance with their obligations underinternationallawtoprohibitbylawincitementtocommitaterroristactoracts,includingthroughcomputernetworks.

6. TheARFparticipatingcountriesandorganizationdecidetoannuallyreviewtheprogressoftheseandothereffortstocombatcyberattackandtheterroristmisuseofcyberspaceatsubsequentARFMinisterialMeetings.



ArF STATemenT on promoTing A people-CenTred ApproACh To CounTer TerroriSm


TheChairmanoftheASEANRegionalForum(ARF),onbehalfoftheparticipatingstatesandorganisations,issuesthefollowingstatement:

Recognisingthat:

Theoverwhelmingmajorityofpeopleintheregion,andaroundtheglobe,arepeace-loving;

Terrorism, irrespective of its origins, motivations or objectives, constitutes a seriousthreat to human security, regional and international peace, stability and security. Thereis no justification, whatsoever, for any act of terrorism which should be unequivocallycondemned;

AnymeasurestocounterterrorisminallitsformsandmanifestationsshouldbeconsistentwiththeCharteroftheUnitedNations(UN),internationallaw,includinghumanrights,refugeeandhumanitarianlaw,whereapplicable;UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolutions;andUN Conventions and Protocols related to counter-terrorism which individual participatingstatesareastatepartyto;

Terrorismshouldnotbeassociatedwithanyreligion,culture,raceornationality;

Successfully combating terrorism requires a comprehensive approach, that includesaddressingcausesand factors conducive to the spreadof terrorismwithoutacknowledgingtheseasjustificationsforterroristand/orcriminalactivities;

Supportinginitiativescurrentlyundertakenbyregionalandinternationalorganizationsoncounterterrorism,includingeffortstoresolveconflicts,promoterespect,understandingandtoleranceamongpeopleofallreligions,beliefsandcultures, formspartof theoverallARFeffortstocounterterrorism;

Strong cooperation exists within the ARF framework in the fight against internationalterrorism and desiring to undertake further measures to prevent, disrupt, combat andrespondtoterrorism;


It is vitally important to engage all levels of society including academia, the media, non-governmentalorganisations,communitygroupsandotherrelevantinstitutionsintheeffortsagainstinternationalterrorism;

Committedto:

Implement the principles laid out in this Statement, in accordance with their respectivedomesticlawsandtheirspecificcircumstances,withtheviewtothefullimplementationofanyorallofthefollowingmeasures:

1. Identifying counter terrorism strategies andmeasures that promotegreater tolerance,understanding, conflict resolution including inter-cultural dialogues, as well asthose aimed at winning the “hearts and minds” of the people and their unequivocalcondemnationofterrorinallitsformsandmanifestationsandregardlessofitsallegedmotivesinordertoensuretheireffectiveness;

2. Inculcating people’s awareness of the threat from terrorism to their safety and well-beingandenhancingpreparednessintheirresponsetothethreat;

3. Toundertakeallnecessarymeasuresinaccordancewithinternationallaw;

4. Developing initiativesandprogrammes, inaccordancewith theCharterof theUnitedNations, international laws and relevant rules of procedure of the United Nations, topromote public participation in counter terrorism measures, by, encouraging thecomprehensiveinputofacademia,media,non-governmentalorganizations,communitygroupsandotherrelevantinstitutions;

5. Strengthening information sharing, exchange of best practices and joint-capacitybuildingeffortsonbothpreventivemeasuresandemergencyresponsemechanisms;

6. Identifyingwaystoenhancepartnershipsbetween,andamongparticipatingstates,withinternationalorganizations,regionalforaandotherrelevantinstitutionstopromotetheabovemeasuresintheeffortstocounterterrorism;and

7. Reviewing the progress on these efforts to further strengthen cooperation to counterterrorism.



A ConCepT pAper on enhAnCing TieS beTWeen TrACK i And TrACK ii in The ArF, And beTWeen The ArF And

oTher regionAl And inTernATionAl SeCuriTy orgAnizATionS


Background

1. At the 12th ARF on 29 July 2005 in Vientiane, the Ministers emphasized the need tocontinuestrengtheningtieswithotherregionalandinternationalsecurityorganizationsaswellaslinkagesbetweenTrackIandTrackII.

2. InaccordancewiththediscussionattheARFISGMeetinginHonoluluon17-19October2005, this paper attempts to provide some further guidelines and procedures to giveexpression to the Ministers’ decision, building upon recommendations from previousARFmeetingsandrelatedpapers,whichinclude,inter alia,“EnhancedRoleoftheARFChair:SharedPerspectivesamongARFMembers,”BruneiDarussalam’s“StocktakingoftheARFProcessandRecommendations,”Canada’s“DiscussionPaperonStrengtheningLinkagesBetweenTrackIandTrackIIintheARFContext,”andRussia’s“DraftConceptPaperonARF-SCO.”

StrengtheningLinkagesbetweenTrackIandTrackII

3. Since the1995ARFConceptPaperdecided tomove theARFprocessalong two tracks,therehavebeenmanyTrackIIactivities.1TheresultsofsomehavebeenreportedtotheARFandsomeinputshavealsobeenincorporatedbyTrackI.AnexampleisSingapore’s“Concept Paper on Preventive Diplomacy” adopted at the 8th ARF, which refers toCSCAP’sproposalonthedefinitionofPreventiveDiplomacy(PD).

4. ItisunderstoodthatalldecisionswithregardtoenhancinglinkagesbetweenTrackIandTrackIIwouldbeundertakenbyconsensusinaccordancewiththeprincipleofrespecttoARFparticipants’sovereigntyandnon-interferenceintheirinternalaffairsandtakeintoaccountthecomfortlevelofallARFparticipants.Assuch,contactswithTrackIIwouldnotprejudgeARFparticipants’policiestowardssuchorganizations.FurthermodalitiesoflinkagesbetweentheARFandvariousTrackIIorganizationsmaydiffer,withoutonecasenecessarilysettingaprecedentforanother.

1 TrackIIactivitieshavebeencompiledbytheARFUnitandthelistappearsontheARFNet(www.aseanregionalforum.org).


FormatsandProcedures

5. WithrespecttostrengtheninglinkagesbetweenTrackIandTrackII,priorityshouldatthisstagebegiventoCSCAPandASEAN-ISISinthefollowingmanners:• InvitingchairsofCSCAPandASEAN-ISIStotheISGonCBMsandPDmeeting

to give a presentation of written report(s) on their work, which reflect theconsensusoftheirrespectivemembersandwithpriorconsultationandconsentofARFparticipants.TheISGco-chairswouldmakeeveryeffort toensure thatTrackIIinviteesdonotraisesensitiveissues;

• ReportingTrackIIactivitiesthataresponsoredbyARFparticipantstotheARFChair;

• Circulating to ARF participants a compilation of CSCAP and ASEAN-ISISrecommendationsmadebyconsensusoftheirrespectivemembers;

• Including Track II experts, when judged appropriate by individual ARFparticipants, on the participant’s national delegations to ARF CBMS, with theunderstandingthattheseindividualsagreeinadvancetorespectthenon-publiccharacterofthediscussionsandthatparticipantsincludeonlyindividualsfromtheirowncountry(s).Theco-chairsofCBMswouldmakeeveryefforttoensurethatsuchexpertsdonotraisesensitiveissues.

6. AstheGuidelinesfortheOperationoftheARFEEPshasbeenadoptedbythe11thARF,theARFwillconsidertheEEPsasitsmajorTrackIIresourcesforstudyingpossiblelinks/overlapsbetweenTrackIIrecommendationsandthoseofTrackIactivitiesandpursuingdeeperdiscussionsonaparticularissue(s),includingonPreventiveDiplomacy.

Strengthening Ties between the ARF and other Regional and International SecurityOrganizations

7. Since the 6th ARF endorsed the recommendations on the “enhanced role of the ARFChairman” in liaising with external parties, including other regional organizations,theARFChairhas initiated informalcontactwithotherorganizationssuchasUnitedNations,theOAS(OrganizationofAmericanStates),theOSCE(OrganizationforSecurityandCooperationinEurope)andtheNAM(Non-AlignedMovement).

8. Otherorganizationsaredoinglikewise.InlinewithitsTashkentinitiativetograduallyestablish a partnership network of multilateral associations active in the Asia Pacificregion, the SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization) has expressed interest inestablishing links with the ARF. The OSCE and the CICA (Conference on InteractionandConfidenceBuildingActivitiesinAsia)areexploringthemodalitiesforconductingaseminarjointly.



FormatandProcedures

9. Based on the agreement that contacts between the ARF and external parties shouldbe carriedout for the sharingof informationand experiences with prior consultationwithallARFmembersandtheirconsent,ARFmay,attheinitialstage,wishtodevelopcontacts with the UN, SCO, CICA, NAM, OAS and OSCE on issues relevant to its work.For theUN, suchbodiesasUNOffice forDrugsandCrimeand theCounter-TerrorismExecutive Directorate may be given special consideration in view of the significancegivenbyARFtotherelatedissues.

10. In view of the differing characteristics of various regional and international securityorganizations,ARFmayhavetoconsidertheissueofenhancinglinkageswithspecificorganizations on a case-by-case basis and in an incremental manner. Modalities oflinkages between the ARF and various organizations may differ, without one casenecessarilysettingaprecedentforanother.Inprinciple,theexternalpartieswithwhichtheARFmaywish toengage shouldbe significantorganizationsorprocesses thataredeemedofimmediaterelevancetotheARFanditsparticularCBM-PDactivities.

11. Subject to the above guidelines, preliminary suggestions for ARF contact with suchregionalandinternationalsecurityorganizationsinclude:a. PromotingcontactsbetweentheARFUnitandtheSecretariats,orbetweenthe

ARFChairandtheChairsofotherorganizations;b. InvitingexpertsfromotherorganizationstoprovidebriefingstoARF,ISG,ISM,

or CBM activities on specific issues of interest to the ARF, on a case-by-casebasis;2

c. Conductingjointdiscussionsonaninformalandvoluntarybasis;3d. Encouraging ARF participants that are also members of other organizations

to disseminate information on activities and outcomes of the ARF in thoseorganizationsandviceversa.

Review

12. TheaboveFormatandProceduresforenhancingtiesbetweenTrackIandTrackIIintheARF,andbetweentheARFandotherregionalandinternationalsecurityorganizationsshallbesubjecttoreviewwhenevertheneedarises.

2 ThiswasthecasewiththepresenceofarepresentativefromtheOSCEActionAgainstTerrorismUnittotheISGinBerlin/Postdamin2005andarepresentativeofSCOtothe4thISMonCT/TCin2006.

3 AnexampleofthiswaswhenOSCEandARFparticipantsmetinformallyatthesidelineoftheARFWorkshoponPreventiveDiplomacy in Tokyo in 2004. Thailand, as host, invited ARF participants to attend the OSCE Thailand Conference,on25-26April2006,Bangkok.

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