180

A\p-_‘w 1 F.

h´-°fn∏m´v

A\p-_‘w: 1 F 1

h´-°-fn-∏m-´v, (Abn-eq¿ tZiw, s\∑mdtZiw)

]mcn¬ s]cn-b-a∂m ]©-_m-Wm-\n-Icm

Inco-Sm-ap-Sn-NqSpw \√, hoc-tI-c-f-a-∂m˛

hoc-ap-c-N-c-im, hocm a±fw sIm -ci

tNcamw \mS-cim tiJ-co-sIm-®p-a∂m

A\p-_‘w 1 F 2

Xe-sh´mw ]md-bn¬ sIm®o-Øp-d-bn¬

hoc-tI-c-fmt\ F≥ Xºp-cmt\ (A-bn-eq¿)

A\p-_‘w 1. F 3

\m´n¬ ]pIƒ s]cp-InSpw \√

sImS-I-c-\m-Sp-X-∂n¬ Ipa-c≥ I≠-s\∂p \maw

]mSn-Rm-\m-Sn-Sp-t∂≥

A\p-_‘w 1. F 4. hcn-sb-gpØv

hcn-sb-gp-Øv, (s\-∑m-d-tZ-iw)

s\√n-°p-f-ßc `K-hXn klmbw

“ao\-amkw 20 \v s\∑md s\√n-°p-f-ß-c-°m-hn¬ the ASn-b-¥ncw

\S-tØ-≠-Xn-te°v, s\∑md 250 \mb-∑m-cpw, tZi-hm-gn-bpw, AXn-\-Sp-Ø-]-

e-Ip-Snbpw IqSn . . . sIm√w . . . amkw . . . XnøXn Fgp-Xnb hcn-tbmse”

“F∂m¬ tZi-hpw, tZi-hm-gnbpw ]eIpSnbpw IqSn GI-a-\- m-bn-\n∂v

21˛mw\p B\-°p-X-e-s° v Agn-°p-∂-Xp-hsc the-b-Sn-b-¥c߃°p≈ {ia-

hpw, ]Ww apXembXv ]ncn-°p-∂-Xn-te°v D’m-lhpw sNøp-hm-\mbn

s\∑md aμ-Øp-sh®v apº-d™ F√m-hcpw IqSn Xo¿®-s∏-SpØn Fgp-Xn-b-

h-cn-tbme”˛

\∂m-´p∂pw ˛ ]Ww 5

D≈m-´p∂pw ˛ ]Ww 3

FS-∏-≈-Øp-\n∂pw ˛ ]Ww 1

181

A\p-_‘w F 5

1.3.2.3 Icn-th-e-∏m v

s\∑md tZiw

XmenXmen-Xm-entem

Xmen-Xm-en-sb,

hcp-s∂tSm hcp-s∂tSm

the-h-cp-s∂sSm ˛

the hcp-¶m-hn¬ F¥p-h-c-hmWv

the hcp-¶m-hn¬ IqØp-h-c-hmWv.

Bcns‚ Bcns‚ Bcns‚ IXn-cp-h-c-hmWv

s\√n-°p-f-ØnØm-bm-cns‚ IXn-cp-h-c-hmWv.

Bcns‚ Bcns‚ X≠p-h-c-hmWv

th -bvs°m-cp-a-Is‚ X≠p-h-c-hmWv

X≠ns‚ apºpw ]nºpw F¥p-h-c-hmWv

X≠ns‚ apºp ]nºpw Bfp-a-I-º-Snbpw

hmgvI hmgvI hmgvI s]mensb

hmgvI hmgvI hmgvI s]mensb

s\√n-°p-f-Øn-Øm-bmcpw hmgvI-s]m-ensb

th -bvs°m-cp-a-I\pw hmgvI-s]m-ensb

tZi-hm-gn-Ø-ºp-cm\pw hmgvI-s]m-ensb

Iq´meØ-ºp-cm\pw hmgvI-s]m-ensb

\mSp-hm-gn-Ø-ºp-cm\pw hmgvI-s]m-en-sb. . .

A\p-_‘w F. 6

Ipg¬aμw tZiw Icn-th-e-∏m´v

amet√ teet√ tee-t√t]m

amet√ teet√ tee-t√t]m

ame-s√-s°¥p ]\n-h-cp-hm≥

amdp s]mfn™p ape-h-cp-hm≥

]pXp-a-g-s]bvX ]p\-en-et√m

tImcepw ssIt°m-s -Sp-Øp-ssZthm

hen-sbmcp h¶m- n¬ sN∂p ssZthm

hen-sbmcp \q‰sS h≈n-I≠p (2)

182

IpØn-bn-f°n∏dn-®p-ssZthm

tImcepw sIm -\n-d-®p-ssZthm

hen-sbmcp Ipf-ß-sc-sIm-≠p-sN∂v

B‰n-°-gpIn Ie-Øn-en´p

XoaØw sh®n- -S-®p-ssZthm

sh¥n´pw thImsX \n∂p ssZthm

tImtem≠p IpØo´pw \m‰n-ssZthm

sN‰-sS-Np‰pw sImt≠mSnssZthm

Rms\m-cp apXe It≠≥ Ipeh

Rms\mcp apXe It≠≥

GXp-I-S-hn-seSn IpeØn

a\n-b¿ Ipfn-°p-∂-sX-t°-I-S-hn¬

]md-sS-h-¶n-eSm Ipeh

Im´nepw ]p°ms\ Ipe-h≥

sNSn-sbm∂pw sh´msX Ipe-h≥

Nn¥n-®n-cn-®ms\ Ipe-h≥

sNSn-sbm∂pw sh´msX Ipe-h≥

Nn¥n-®n-cn-®mt\ IpeØn

Nn¥n-®n-cn-®mt\ Ipe-h≥

Imfhpw sh®ms\ IpeØn

Imfhpw sh®ms\ Ipe-h≥

apX-ebpw s]´msX IpeØn

NmSn-∏n-Sn-sb-Sm-Ip-ehm

Imen¬I-Sn-°p-saSo IpeØn

apßn∏nSn-sbSm Ipehm

aq°n¬ ISn-°p-sa-So-Ip-eØn

\o¥n-∏n-Sn-sbSm Ipehm

amdn¬ ISn-°p-sa-So-Ip-eØn

X∏n-∏n-Sn-sbSm Ipehm

Iøn¬ ISn-°p-saSo IpeØn’G . . . G . . . G . . . G . . . G . . . F∂n-ßs\

]mSn aμØpw Imhnepw h´w-sh-bv°-Ww.

183

A\p-_‘w 1 F. 7

1.3.2.4 B≠n-the

X\-X-¥\m X¥-\m\m X¥-\m-X-¥-\m-\m

X\-X-¥\m X¥-\m\m X¥-\m-X-¥-\m-\m\m

ap¥n-hn-\m-bI t]m‰n˛

A¥ap∏-Øn-ap-t°mSn tZh-Iƒ t]m‰o

F¥w]pcms\Sn t]m‰o

Bfpw Kpcp-kzm-an-]m-Ztat]m‰o.

X\-X-¥-\m-X-¥-\m\m X¥-\m\m

X\-X-¥-\m-X-¥-\m\m

Ipw`-tIm-W-Øn-cm≠n Ah≥

\mem-dp-amiw Ipi-h-∂q-th≠n

sIm≠p-h-¥m-s\m-cp-sXm≠n

AXp-Iq-Øm-Sn-Iq-ØmSn s]m´p-S-®m-≠n.

X\-X-¥\m X¥-\m\m X¥-\m-X-¥-\m-\m\m

A©p-I-√m-s√mcp tImss´ ˛ B¥

B\-¥-tIm- bv°v Hbvº-Xp-hm-i¬ ˛ X\-X-¥\m

Imd-dmse c≠p-Im¬ hoSv ˛ A¥

]c-ta-i-\n-cp¥v IpSn-t]m\ hoSv

sNm‰m-se-SpØ NpaSv. AXp

Xq°-an-√m-a¬ ipI-an-s√-b∏m

X\-X-¥\m X¥-\m\m X¥-\m-X-¥-\m-\m\m

hmWmse sIm‰-h≥ h¥m¬ ˛ hc

ams´s\‚m¬ ˛ hnSp-hm-t\m-Nn-Ø≥ ˛ X\-X-¥\m . . .

sX¥n-∂mbv sX¥n-∂mbv sX¥n-∂m-s\-\√

sX¥n-∂mbv sX¥n-∂mbv sX¥n-∂m-s\-\√

Ccp- m≠n Ipcp- m≠nsb¶p-am≠o Ah≥

\√ Cutc-gp-tem-I-a-Xn-em-Sp-am≠o . . .

Ccp- m≠n \mS-IsØ ]mSp-am≠n Ah≥

Xncp-Sp-I-f-X-sate ap∂m-Shm

Im°m Idp-Øn-cn°pw ]≠m-csa

Ip©p-I-fp-a-∏-Sn-Ømt\ ]≠m-cta

Im‰-Sn-®m¬ Xe-bp-ebpw ]≠m-csa

I√nse s]mSm¬ Ie-ap-Sbpw ]≠m-csa

184

h¥-\msb ]nSn-Øq-sI´n

hmWmse ]mØp-sI´n

sim°n-\mb HmSn-t∏mIpw ]≠m-csa

lc-l-c-l-c-lc . . . BZn-aqe

{io]-c-a-Kp-cpsh ]mZw icWw

]g-b-∂q-c-Ω-XpW

s\√n°p-f-ßc `K-hXn cmhpw ]Iepw

c£n-°Ww . . .

A\p-_‘w 1 F 8

Imh¬\o´v

Imh¬°mtc; {kmºn-°mtc!

cmhpw ]Iepw Hm¿Øp-]m¿Øv Xnøpw Xncnbpw

ap\bpw aq¿®bpw Iq´n

Imh¬∏p-cbpw Np‰n, Imh¬Im-Øp-sIm-≈v. (s\∑m-d-tZ-iw)

A\p-_‘w 1 F 9

B\w-hm-b\

IrX-bp-K-]cw Ien-bp-K-cq]w aq∂v \memw-bpKw Ien-bp-K-ambv hcp-∂-

Imew A\p- -hn-°p∂ alm-tem-Isc F√m-h-tcbpw Adn-bn-°p-t∂≥.

`qan-s°´v h¿jwsI´v Adn-hp-sI- v, BNmcwsI´v aq∏p-Ip-d¥v I¿Ωw

]nSn-\-cn-bpw, \mbpw, Zp„m-a-Xm-bn-h¿≤n® ]X¿a-Wn-hm-Wn`w sNøp∂ ]-d-

bpw, CS-ß-gn-am-‰p-I-bpw, Gg-I-tfm-sS, t]cm-tº¿]-d-bn-®pw, BSmsX sN∂pw,

s]SmsX s]´pw, AcnsI ho´n¬s®∂p hºp-]-d-™v, Ipe-kv{Xo-Isf ]c-

kv{Xo-I-fm°n sh®p-sIm-≈p-I-bpw, A¥n-I-t\cw s]cp-h-gn-t]m-Ip-∂-hsc

hnfn®v Iq´n-s°m-≠p-h∂v sIm´n-en¬ InSØn A∂hpw sImSp-Øv. ASpØ

]mXn-cm-bv°-dp-Øp-sIm≠v hnap-‡-cmbv NaØpw ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿

tNcamw s]cp-amƒ Iev]-\-bpw, am‰n {io ]c-ip-cm-a-\m¬ \me-S-b-s∏´p h¥n-

Xp-tX-h¿.

I√m-I-eºpw Ien-bp-K-Øn-¶¬ C√mØ Ah-ÿ-D-≠m-°n-∏-d-I-bpw,

C√m-ap-gp-°bpw a√p-Iƒ sISpIbpw thZn-b¿ \ne-Ip-d-I-bpw, tai-I-f-hp-]-

d-Ibpw ]≠p-≈-ap-X¬I-f-Ibpw ]Xn-cn´v t\Sp-Ibpw sIm≠m¬ sImSm-sX-

bpw, sImSp-Ø-hsc NXn-°-bpw, s]‰-Ω-bv°p Ip‰w Nm¿Øn t]-Sn-Iq-SmsX

_me¿ hf¿∂p. Iøp-X¬ Ipd-™-dm¬I-∏m≥ t]mI-bpw, I´-Xp-an-≠p-

185

In¬ sh´p-s≠-∂pw, X´m-ap- n-]-d™p ]n≈¿ s]cp-Øpw, \mb¿ Ipd-™pw,

s]cp-ap-d-bn´p s]cp-Øp-I-f-™pw, Nm¿®-bnse t]mbvtN¿® ]nSn-®pw, a{¥n-

an-I®pw, a∂-h¿ Ipd-™pw, hºp- ]-d-¶n-∏p-Æp-]n-Sn-®pw, I≈p-Ip-Sn-®pw, Df-

fw-X≈n Ime-tZ-im-h-ÿ-]-d-™pw, hnZy-]-Tn-®-Xp-hn´p If-™pw, hocnb Imcn-

b-\m-i-a-Xmbn \„-s∏´ Adn-hp-Ip-d-™pw, C∏-Sn-h-cp-h-Xp-I-en-bp-K-Imew F∂-

Xp-tIƒ°m-A-dn-hp-S-tbm-tc.

NnØn-c-amkw ]{¥≠mw XnbXn sImSp-hm-bq¿ am\-thZ≥ NmØ-cm-

P≥ t] -bnse \√-Xp-\n-¥n-cp-°pw, ame-incw ]m≠-\p-°pw, Cøm-\n-D-S-tbm-

\°pw Hme-h-cm-°m- n-s\≥ Im¿ø-¶fm-hnXv \mep-hI Aº-Øm-dp-tZ-iØv

]ecpw IqSn BI-X-∂nse hnim-cnØv in¶m-csØ h∏≥I-øn¬ ap∏-Xp-

sI´v sh≈-s°´v Hcp \qdv Im¬\-S, sh¶m-b-s∏m-Xn-sbmcp \q‰-ºXv Im¬\-

S, sh¥-b-s∏mXn 200 Im¬\-S, Poc-s∏m-Xn-sbmcp 220 Im¬\-S, sIm -s∏m-

Xn-sbmcp 250 Im¬ \S, sh√-s∏m-Xn-sbmcp 350 Im¬\-S, s\bv°p-S-samcp

400 Im¬\-S, BsI c≠m-bn-cØv IpØ-°-A-¶-hpw, Np¶-hpw Xo¿Øv

A\p∏pw, Ip\∏pw Xo¿Øv c≠mbncw ]W-Øq°v ]m°pw aqhm-bncw ]W-

Øq-°p-ap-fIpw sIm≠p-]p-d-s∏-´p-h-¥n-Xp-tX-h¿, anYp-\i\n -taShymgw

t]mIp∂ Nnß-amkw 21˛mw XnbXn A„-an-tcm-ln-Wn-bpw, Aa-c-]-£Øp

Zi-an-bm-Ip-∂-\m-fn¬, tImgn-t°m´p XfnIw h -Øn-en-cn-°pw, Iqfn-bm-≠-X-

e-N-{μ\pw, A∂n-Wßpw tat\m-\pw, sN∂nWßpw IpSn-]-Xn-bpw, sN´n-X-c-

I-∑m-cpw, Acp-Xp-hn-cpXp-I-fpw, IqSn BI-X-∂nse Ip∂-e-hn-cp-X≥ h©n-]-

S-tN-c≥ am\-th-Z≥ am\-hn-{I-a≥ Xncp-\m-hm-bvs°-gp-∂≈nbm¬ A∂p-≠mb

IW°pw Imcyhpw, sN∂pw Ccp-∂pw, \nc∂pw ]d™pw Acp-fn-s®-bvXpw,

tXcm-f-h-º≥ s]cp-º-S-∏p-tIm-hn¬ h≈p-h-t°m\mXn-cnbpw t\mw XΩn¬

I≠pw Iøpw ]nSn®v t\m°v i{Xp-°-fm-bp-≈-hsc _‘p-°-fm°n sh®p-

sIm-≈p-I-bpw, ]S-h-en-b-]-cm-{I-a-s\∂pw, ]-S°p ]S-bp-s≠∂pw IpS-bv°p-

Ip-S-bp-s≠-∂pw, Aebpw ae-bpw, De-bpw, Hcp-]-S-bm-e-ßn-Sp-]-Sn-tbmfw Agn-

hXp ap∂w Fgp-]-Xp-tIm´ A√m-bvIn¬, Ac-ipw, apcipw sh®v Ip∂-e-hn-

cp-X≥ am\-th-Z≥ am\-hn-{I-as‚ {]Xn-⁄.

A\p-_‘w 1 F 10

Cd-h-°fn

h´w-Nº

XmØmØ ssX ssX XmInS

XmØmØ ssX ssX Xm

ame-ete tee-ete tee-ete t]m

186

ame-ete tee-ete tee ete t]m.

1. ames°¥p ]\n-°p-∂Xv

amdps]mfn™p ape-h-cp-hm≥

Nps≠en sNdp c°n°p hb-‰n-ep≠v

Hcp-apdn tXß-sIm-≠o-s‰-SpØv

then-°¬ InS-°p∂ Nps≠-ensb

HmSn-s®m-s∂mcp IpSw XÆo¿sIm≠m (am-e-ete . . .)

2. CSn-h-∂n-d-ßp∂ CSn-a-eta

CXp-It≠m tImtX am\pw Iebpw

\o I≠ am\n-∂-S-bmfw F¥v

]p≈n ]e-Xp≠v sImºp c≠pw.

\oI≠ am\ns\ Rm≥ Is≠-¶n¬

sImSp-hmƒ sImSp-ØnSpw I≠m c≠v (a™fq¿tZiw)

3. ]pXpag s]bvX ]p\-cn-\nem

tImcepw sIm -sb-SpØp sXbvthm

hen-sbmcp h¶m- n¬ sN∂p-sXbvt]m

hen-sbmcp \q‰sS h≈n-I≠v

IpØn≈°n∏dn®p sXbvthm

tImcepw sIm -\n-d®q sXbvthm

hen-sbmcp Ipgn-™sc sIm≠p-sN∂v

B°n-°-gpIn Ie-Øn-en´v

XoaØpw h®n- -Sp®p sXbvthm

hen-sbmcp Iph≥ ap´n hnd-I-W®v

tImtem≠pw IpØo- p-t\m°n sXbvthm

sh¥n´pw thIm≠pw Xn∂p sXbvthm

Nn‰mdpw thcmdp I™n-sh®v

sX∑e hS-ae Xo≥ ]pgpßn

amete tee-ete tee-e-tet]m . . .

4. ssXX-X-Øn-Xm-ssXssX

Ing-s°mcp ae-ap-I-fn¬ ˛ XØ

Inf-ßt√m Xn\-hn-X®v

apf®q c≠ne hncn™v

I -a-d™ s\√v

187

I´ ad™ s\√v ˛ tImtemsS ]n´n-embn

tImtemsS hn´n-√m-bn-s\√v

IXn-tcmsS Imbpw Xqßn ˛ s\√v

Np≠p-]-gpØ s\√v ˛ Np≠p ]gpØ s\√v

sImØn-∏-d∂q XØ.

5. F¥p-sIm-s≠¥p Is≠≥ amam Infn-Iƒ

]pe-ºp-∂Xv ˛ sNº-I-Ø-d-I-≠t√m

amam ˛ Infn-Iƒ ]pe-ºp-∂Xv

F¥p-sIm-s≠-¥p-I-s≠≥ ˛ amam-In-fn-Iƒ

]pe-ºp-∂Xv ˛ Nnt‰-\n-I-Xn¿ I≠n´v

amam Infn-Iƒ ]pe-ºp-∂Xv

Nnd-Xp-d-hmgpw `K-h-Xnsb°≠p

amam ˛ Infn-Iƒ ]pe-ºp-∂Xv

eme-√, eme-√√m . . .

A\p-_‘w 1 F 11

s]m∂m-\-°fn

\S-h´w

[oØm ˛ [nw¥-°tØmw [oØm ˛ [nw¥-°tØmw

]m´v 1

amXm-tImwt_ . . . G . . . amXm-Imcn

aqIm-_mte ˛ G hocm-tN-º≥

sImSn-b-hm≥ InW-bp-≈-h-f-b-\m-S≥

BXm-e-\√m ˛ B amWn-°s\m

HmXmfn sIe-∏\pw IqSm ˛

B \mfn-tI-\mbv aXn-°p-an]-Wn-°m-cmW

hncp-Xp-≈-ho-cm-t®-º≥

hncp-Xp≈ amWn-°s\m

hncp-Xp-≈m-K-W-]-Xn-bnXm sXmgp-t∂≥

]m´v 2

Xo°-\¬ ]nd∂ amtX-h¿°tÆ ˛ G

Xncp-a-h-Xm-cp-s≈m-si-bvX-\¬Xn-cphm ˛ F

BXn-h-cp-tºmƒ HmXm-cp-X-∂p-Sse ˛ G . . . G.

BI-h-cp-tºmƒ BSn-a¬]-∂nsb G

188

B ˛ Acp-Xm-X-ho-ss\-b-I-‰p-asΩ ˛ G . . . G

]q°-fn¬ \n∂v h≠n-b¬ ]m´v . . .G ˛ G

B ao-{º-°pfw hmgp-asΩ ˛ ]pWy-Xmsb ˛

]m´v 3

Iøm-I-e-s∏mIm Acp-X-Im-ho-enfw

]m¶n-fn-sb, B Føm-]s√mw

Ipd-h-\p≠v F¥n-s\-bm-a-e-b-cnsI ae-b-cnsI

ae-b-cnsI t]mI-cpX ae-I-Sp-hm-b-Xns¶mans∏m

B hb-e-cnsI t]mI-cpXv hb¬ Np≈nbpw ]mºp-ap≠v

IS-e-cnsI t]mI-cp-Xv -IS¯nscbpw

]d-¶n-bp-≠v.

IpSn-\-Spsh t]mI-cpX Ipdn-b-a-sX-ßn-s∂m-e-X´p

B ]pg-\-Spsh t]mI-cpX Xr∏-d-tßm- -∏-\pt≠m

IS-en¬ Nnd-sI- n, \∂m-bvIS Be X∂n¬s®

Icp-Øp≈ hm\-c-∏S \nc-ßn-\n-∂-d-b-X-sge

aXn-tKm-]p-c-sa-¶m-X-I-Øp-e¶m

X∂n¬s®∂ BX-e-Iƒ ]Øp

BXp-cm-h-Ws\ sh∂ a -sØ≥samgn-bmsf

hos≠-ap-Snbpw NqSv \mSphmW a\p-Iq-esØ

Ag-sIm-Sp-]-cn-]m-en®p DS-s\-Xn-cp-hn-ezm-a-e-ta¬

DZ-bw-sIm≠m Xºp-cms\ DsS-bXp \n≥

Xncp-h-Sn-bnXm sXmgp-t∂≥.

]m´v 4

Icn-sØmepw iqe-hpw, ISn-®p-sIm√pw ]mºpw

ISp-¶-\m-sNøpw \n∂-cpsfm . . .

Dssc-Øm-a-cs\ s]mcn-®m-Xr°Æn¬

]nd-∂m-sI-d-s∏-√m-sa-cp-ºmSw B . . . B . . .

acn-t®msc Np´m-®p-S-e-bn¬ \n∂q aXn®p IqØmSpw

inh-s\sbm . . . H . . . Ipd-™n-Sm-sX-]mºpw

IpW-ßfpw tahn\ {]Z-fn-›cw hmgpw

inh-s\sbm . . . Hm . . . Hm.

cmsh-Sn-sbm-Sn-saIp Ipam-d-ho-Wm-a-±fw

Xmf-an-S-bv°m-hn-c-hn¬ apc-sim-Sp-X-In-sem‰

®n¥phpw

189

Be-Sn-shm-Sm-e-h´w Na-cn-a-e-ºp-Xn-¶sf

¶pg¬ sImº-h-Sn-shmSn i¶pw shs¶m-‰-s]m≥

IpSm-X-gbpw IS-sem-Sm-en-s]m-se-bp-tºmƒ

Ib¿sØ≥ am‰n-\p-≈-I-sa√mw

Icp-sØdpw ]S-s®-sIm-c-S-°n-sh- n-]Sm

sNcm-a≥I-bpsS hmf-a-dp-sØ≥ am‰m˛

\p≈-I-sa√mw

h©n-°m-hn¬ aInam\-hn-{I-a≥ CSn-sbm-Ss¶

Xrs∏- , ]Sn-b-ºm-se-sS-bp-amb CfIn

hmsf-Sp-Øp-S≥ \S-∂m-\t∂cw

B \Sp-ßn-\-Sp-ß-s\-s°m-\-S-∂q-\ns‚

s]cn-iqe \√-\mSpwIsf- B- Im-SIw ]pIn¥

sh´p-In-sSev] Nne-\mSpw ho´m-X-W-°p-Sn-]p°

Acp-sX-Xp-sa-\n≥ s]cpa ]sd-hm-\p-sam-Sn-sf-∏m\pw

A\-¥cw, hncn-©\pw hoc-cm-ho-c-a∂

]mem-gn-am-Xpw, B\-¥-tam-Sp-IqSn

Ah-\n-bn¬ ]≠p-]n-d-t∂mt\ F . . . F . . . F . . .

]e-cp-Xm-bp√ XpSßn Zp„sc apSn-®p-\s√m

sch-f-a¬ . . . F . . . G . . .

]m´v 5

amXp-e-s\-s°m∂p ]qX-\bpw sIm∂p

Imen-Iƒ ta®p \S-t∏mt\ F . . . G . . .

]pIƒ s]‰-h√s®s\ ]pXp¿a-se-hmgpw

s]cp-amsf sXmgpssW s\ G . . . G . . .

s]m∂m-Ip-sS-X-g-bpw, sImSn-Ifpw

s]m∂-Wn-™m-\-bpw, ]¥¬s]m . . . Hm, Hm . . .

ap∂n¬ hne-kp-s∂m-cm-e-h-´-ßfpw

Nn∂n-®n-Xdpw Na-cn-sbms≈m

B h-∂-Xp-I≠p Rm\pw ]m´ ]m\-apd BWm . . .

\Sbpw \Ss∂ s]m . . Hm . . . Hm . . . B

ap∂n¬ hnf-ßp-∂-Xn-cp-hn-f-b-ßm-´p-am-Xm-hns‚

hc-hp-Rm≥ sNm√m-h-Xs√ . . . sF . . . F . . .

Iø-eIpw ISp-¥p-Snbpw Iøn-te¥pw i¶-cs\

BssX-X-emƒ°ssa ]Ip-Ø-Xm\w sNøpw

i¶-cm-sc, B s]mbvam-Xn-s¶ms]m . . .

190

]m´v 6

s]bvX-X-e-bn¬ B¶-ø-ta¬¶m-i-¶-csc

Acs\ ]mc-s\, Isf bo›c B . . .

BXn-\mY ssIsXm-gp-t∂≥

Xo°-\¬ ]nd∂ amtX-h¿ IÆm . . . G . . . G . . .

Xncp-h-a-Xm-scm≈m sNbvI-\¬

Xncpssh G . . . G . . . B Xm°n-h-cp-tºmƒ

H . . . Hm . . . Xw X∂p-Sse F . . . G . . .

B I¶¬ ]ng-sh, Xem-cq-°n-b-dpØ F . . . G . . .

B° hcp-tºmƒ ASn-sa¬∏Wnsb F . . . G . . .

Bl-cp-XmXm ]n\-s]m-°n- sΩ . . . F . . . G . . .

]q°-fn¬ \n∂v h≠n-b¬ ]mS F . . . G . . . B

ao{º¿°pfw hmg-asΩ ]pWn-b-Xmsb

IpSn-NqSn sh≈n-°p-Xnc Gdn °p-Xn-cm-Gdn

°pe-hn√pw \√ ]I-gn-b-ºpw, ]I-gn-bºpw

CSn-sh´pw t]mse Hscm-®-tIƒ°mw. H®-tIƒ°mw.

CX-ap-‰-se-sIm-cp-D‰ sic-I-h-cp-Xm-\pw-IqSm

]S-sh´pw s\cØv ]\n-t]mse ]\n-t]mse ]I-sN-bvXm≥

h≥]pen°q -tØmsS Iq -tØmsS CX-apsd

ssZhsa D‰n-ssZ-hsa ]men-s®m-cn-tIm- -bn¬

th -bvs°m-cp-a-I-s\, Icp-a-Is\ kI-cn-bq-cn˛

bpssS-bm-°n, I\¬I´ Ipdn-bm-°n,

Icn-¶q-fn-s]-cp-ºS XpsW-bp-am°n

Fcn-sh-j-sam-c-ar-Xm°n Fep-ºp-Iƒ hoºp-am°n

Cf-In-t∏mb NpS-e-bn¬ Ifn-®-ß-s\, B

s]cn-tßm- n-cn-hm-gp-sa-∂-sΩ, a\-apss‰

s∂Im-Øp-cpƒIm-Xmsb aSn-bmsX

sXmgpssX Rm≥ ae¿]m-ZsØm . . .

Icp-ap-In¬ \nd-samØ s]¨sIm-Snsb

s]s¶m-Sn-sb, Icp-W-sbm-sS-s∂-Im°pw

Imc-Wnsb Imc-Wnsb

Icn-¶pfn s]cp-º-S-°q- -ambn °q -ambn

s]cpIn ]S-t]mse \n∂-Xmsb \n∂Xmsb

adp-Øp-h-s∂-Xn¿tØ-cp-]m-≠n-bs\

191

aSn-bmsX sIms∂mcp aqe-Xm-sb, aqe-Xmsb

Xncp-∏mZw Rm\nXm ssIsXm-gp-t∂≥

ssIsXm-gp-t∂≥

\nd-tØmsS Im´ncn hmg-pa-sΩ, hmgpasΩ

]m´v 7

Icn-¶-®m-sI´n hen-®p-sX-¶-en´p

]e-]mIw hn√pw ic-hp-ambn B . . . B . . .

]c-∂m-s]m¿°fw \nß-h-ºSm ]c-\\

®mbn-]n-W-bp-tºmƒ Hm . . . Hm . . .

Icp-a-I-s\m´m Ib-d-s\m´pw IqSn

aXn-®p am ˛ s\√-bn-s∏ms\ . . . G . . . G

Ipsd-Xn-SmsX hºpw IW-ßfpw

tahn\ aμ-Ø-ø-s\-sXm-gp-t∂≥ G . . .

A\p-_‘w 1 F 12

B≠n-°qØv

inh-kvXpXn

]m´v 15

lc-lc \a-»n-hmb Aº-e-Øn-em-Sp-In‚

]pc-lc \a-»n-hmb `ph-\-\m-bI

^me-temN-\≥X-\n°p \oe-I-WvT-s\∂pw ]ns∂

Ime-Im-e-\mbn h¥- aqe-sa¥tlm.

AwK-P-i-cm-¿Øn-]q-≠v, XnßnSpw PS-bv°-IØp

KwK-sb-[-cn-®-Xns‚ kwK-Xn-sb¥v?

B{Zn-cm-P-X-\-bsc hoc- -{Zs\ Pbn®v

-£p-{Z-∑msc \n{K-ln® cp{Z-\-√tbm

A\p-_‘w 1 F 13

B≠n-°qØv

sNº-S-Xmfw

apJ-h´w

Ynan-Yn-an¥mw . . . tXmw . . . YotØmw . . .

1. A∂sø I√m-tbmKn ˛ an{Xm-S-tbmKo

192

iqe-{X-an-{Xm-tbmKo ˛ D≈m-S-tbmKo

]X-\-an-√m-XtbmKn ˛ hcp-hm-S-tbmKn

a∂-sø-I-√m-tbmKn ˛ B\-μ-tbmKn

2. Ip©n-®n-S-bp-s≈m-cm-≠n-\m-¶ƒ

IqS-°q-Sm-h¥v IqØm-Sp-am≠n

s]m°-Whpw ]pen-tØmepw \√

]qin-\-sh-Æodpw amØn-c-t°mepw

A∏m-tIm-c-°\mY Da

s°m∏-h-cpt≠m bpe-I-Øp-°pss≈

3. IRvP-ame ]q\¥tXm-cm≠n

Imas\°Æm-sb-cn-sN-bvsXm-cm≠n

Xn¶-f-Wn-©n-S-ap-Sn-bn¬ sshØ

Xoa-bn-√m-sX-Kp-W-ap-s≈m-cm≠n

4. ]pc-l-c-Xn-cp-\-b-\-a-Xn-¶¬

s]m´n-P-\n-®p-Ss\

Ic-X-fn-c-Xn¬ hmtfm-Sp-iqew N{I-hp-ta¥n

Acn-Ip-e-h-c-\m-So-bp-s∂mcp

Zmcn-Is\ kwl-cn®v

Ag-Ip-S-s\-bm-f-Sn-bmsc c£-Iƒ sNbvXv

kpc-ap-\n-KW ]∂-K-Nm-c-W¿

hmgvØn kvXpXn-I-tfm-sS,

Dcp-X-c-cm-boSpw Imfn-Iƒ Iqfn-I-tfmsS

kc-knP P]-Xp-f-ko-am-e-Iƒ

saøn-e-Wn-™-cpfpw

]cn-Nn-s\m-sS {io-Ip-dpw-_- -K-h-Xntb

5. CS-c-Xns\ Xo¿∏-Xn-∂mbv Iqfn-∏-S-I-tfmSpw

hSn-hp-St\ `qan-X-∂n¬ Ah-X-cn®v

ISp-X-c-cm-bo-Sp∂ `rXy-sc-\n-{K-ln®v

acphpw aμØv Imhv `K-h-Xnsb

6. ]qX-\-X≥ape-bp≠v `ph-\-sa-√mw-ImØv

]pØ-c-cn-√m-X-h¿s°mcp ]pØn-c-s]-cp-amsf

BZ-c-hm-sb-¶ƒ°p A√-se√mw Xo¿°

A≥]n¬ Kpcp-hmXw \mSv hmgpw-X-ºp-cmt\

193

A\p-_‘w 1 F 14

ht≈m≥

sNº-S-Xmfw

apJ-h´w

XmØmssX . . . XmØmssX . . .

1. lcn-\tam . . . \tam . . . \mcm-b-Wmb \tam

lcn-sb-∂n-´-º-sØm-∂-£cw hmgvI

s]cnb kc-kz-Xn-tZ-hnbpw hmgvI

B\-ap-J≥ KW-]-Xn-hm-gvI.

t]¿ aq∂mbv \n∂-h¿ aqhcpw hmgvI

aqthgncq]-sØm∂p Kpcn-°-∑m¿ hmgvI

F≥ssZhw hmgvI-t]m-e-Δbpw hmgvI.

2. apΩp-X¬ ]©-`q-X-ßfpw hmgvI.

aln-a-bm¬ \Ωp-X-se-gp-Ø©pw hmgvI

hnΩp-X¬ hn´n-ssf-ssc-hcpw hmgvI

hni¶-f-∏Sn A©pw hnf¶v

\Ω-s\m-a-\p-bmXn Ft∏cpw hmgvI.

\∑-bmbv \n∂-tXm-¶mcw hmgvI.

3. Dg-dp-∂n-sX≥ {]mW≥ hnØpw sIms≠s‚

Dg-dp-∂n-Xtøm hc-º-Øn-cp-∂v,

Dg-hp-≠p-Im-e-sam-c-b-c-ßm-cn-SØv

Icp-hm-bn-°-°sc I∂pw sXfn®v

Icp-hnbpw ssIt°m´pw sIm≠t√mt]m∂p

]pg-bp≠p t]mhm-s\-tXm-Wn-bp-an√

t\c-Øp-h-t≈m-\m¿ Iqc-bv°¬ sN√m¬

t\sc-s]-cp-hgn sNms√-t∂m-StΔ (]-√-»-\-tZ-iw)

A\p-_‘w 1 F 15

⁄m\-am¿§w (h-t≈m≥)

4. ap∏-Øn-aq∂p acw \ -Imew

aq∂pac-a-Xn-te-sd-ap-f®p

aq∂p-a-c-Øn¬ X\n-acw thsd

194

Bacw ]qsØmcp ]qhp-s≠≥ Iøn¬

]qhpw ]dn-®n´v \m¿tXSn t]m\m¿

\mcp-a-dp-Øn´v ]qhpw sXmSpØv

\mtcmSp ]qthm-Sp-S≥ IqSp-am-In¬

B\-μ-h-t≈m-\m¿ {io]mZw ImWmw.

A\p-_‘w 1 F 16

5. Imepc≠p-s≈mcp ap°m-en-sh´n

ImX-em-bp-s≈m-cp-tam-¥mbw tN¿Øv

Hme-bm¬ sXmÆq-dm≥ aSepw ta™v

Hcp ]pc-bvs°m-ºXp hmXnepwsh®v

Hº-Xp-hm-Xnepw s]mbvhm-Xn-em°n

Abvºp-S-bmƒs°mcp sabvhmXn-ep-≠v.

AΔm-Xn-eqsS AIw ]p°p sN∂m¬

B\-μ-h-t≈m-\m¿ {io]mZw ImWmw.

6. A°-sc-\n∂p hnfn-°p∂p ht≈m≥

A°-sc-sN¬hm≥ a\-Xp-s≠-\n°v

a°-fp-ss≠-hcpw IqsS-\-S-∏m≥

hs∂-s∂-bmdp IS-Øp-thm-cns√

hºn-g, ]nºng s]m°p-thm-scs∂

hºn-g-Xs∂ IS-Øp-hm-\n-t∏mƒ

Aº-sØm-cp-h¿°pw Abn-h¿°pw aqh¿°pw

F´p-ao, c≠pao IqSn XnI®v Hcp-h-s\-tX-So´p

ImWm-tºm-e-tΔ.

7. ]p°pw ]pd-s∏´p Dg-ep-t∂-Rmt\m

]pXp-sh≈w h∂p-]p-gbpw \nd™p

Zp:Jw apgp-Øp-In-S-°p-t∂m-sct∂

Zp:J߃ Xo¿ØpsIm-≠p-t]m-tI-Ww.

8. D≈-I-Øn-s´m-cp-Rmdpw ]dn®v

Dƒs°m-≠p-Rmdpw ]dn-®p-Rm≥ \´v

I≈-∏p-e-bsc Imhepw sh®v

Im∏-h-cpt≠m Ie-∏-t]-sct¥

sIm≈nbpw sIm≠p-Rm≥ t]mIp-tºm-ctΔ

sImbvXp-sa-Xn-®n´v IpØnSpw sI¬t∏¿

195

D≈h F∂o-]-d-bp-∂-sX√mw

DØ-a-h-t≈m-¶¬ t]mIp-∂-sXt¥ (s\-∑m-d-tZ-iw)

A\p-_‘w 1 F 15 aea

(ap-dnb-S-¥)

apJ-h´w

tXmw tXmw XoßWmw . . . tX°mw . . . tXmw

tXmw tXmw XoßWmw . . . tX°mw . . . tXmw

1. Bem-e-ap-≠m-cs\ . . . Ac-\m¿Xn-cp-a-Is\

]mem-e-ar-Xp-sNøpw . . . \√ _me-K-W-]-Xntb

]qhpw s]mcn-a-e-cpw, amºgw \√-tX≥I-\nbpw

aqe-K-W-]-Xnsb \o F\°v ap∂-S-hm-bv.

lkvXn apJ-h-\msc Ac-\m¿Xn-cp-a-I-s\,

ap‡n°p aqØ-hs\ \√ the-bv°p-ap-∂-S-hm.

apºn¬ KW-]-Xnbpw ]ns∂ kc-kz-Xnbpw

AbvºsØm∂£chpw hmgvIm

aq¿Øn-Iƒ aq∂pw hmgvI

BZn-Kp-cp-°-∑m¿ hmgvI

A©p- q-X-߃ hmgvI.

amXm-]n-Xm-Kp-cp-ssZhw thebv°p ap∂-Shm

]mepw sXfn-t¥\pw ˛ ]mhpw ]cn-∏p-anh

\mepw Ie¿Øp-\m-°n¬ ˛ \√ ˛ Rm≥ Xcp-th≥ ]n≈-bmsc

2. sh≈n-°p-S-]n-Sn®v sh≈-°p-Xn-c-tbdn

hn√pw ic-hp-sa-SpØv taL-\n-\m-Z-tØmsS

D≈w sXfn™p Rm\pw H‰-ti-J-c≥\m\pw

Xp≈n-°-fn-®p-Ss\ sa√th sNs∂-SpØp

\√ arK-ß-tfbpw F√mw Ipe-a-gn®v

Ieym-W-tam-Sp-h∂v \√ \Kcw X∂n¬

F√m-bvt∏mgpw hkn°pw th -bvs°mcp aIt\ ssIsXm-gp-t∂≥

3. Imcn-I-cm-fn-b-hƒ ˛ I¶m-f-hn-jw-]q≠m

Ipfn-s]-cp-º-Sbpw \√ {ioIp-cpw-_-bn¬ hmgp-a-sΩ,

Aº-Xp-ti-J-h¿°p AXn-]-Xn-bm-bn-cn-∏-hsf

{ioIp-cpw-_-bn¬ hmgp-asΩ ˛ \√ amXmth ssIsXm-gp-t∂≥

196

4. ]®-a-bn-tedpw, ]g-\n-a-e-bn¬ them

Adp-ap-J-s]-cp-amsf \√ B]-Øp-Xo¿Ø-cpfv

A≠w Bbn-c-Øn-F´pw Atºm-S-S-°nhmgpw

thepw abn-ep-ambn \√ them\n ˛ h¥n-dIv

5. I√mse tIm -sI- n, Icp-¶-√mse XqWp-\mSn

It√-°pfwhmgpw Gaq¿`-K-h-Xn-tb.

A\p-_‘w 1 F ˛ 17

]Xn-sNm-√¬

h´°fn-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-h-sc√mw \nc-∂n-cn-°p∂p Ifn-∏-¥-en¬ Ifn-

bm-im≥am¿ ]Xn-sNm-√p-∂p. s\∑m-d, Ipg¬a-μw, a™-fq¿, ht´-°mSv

XpSßnb tZi-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-sNm-√¬ \n¿_-‘-am-Wv. ae-b-s∏m-dm´v ]¥-en-

seØn Ifn-bm-im-\p-ambn ]Xn-sNm-√p-I-bmWv Ipg¬a-μØv ]Xn-hv.

BSn-∏mSn Bÿm-\Øp°pss≈ Nne B≠m¿Iƒ h¥n-cp-°-X,

tI´p]m¿°-thtWm Xºp-cmt\... tI´p]m¿°-th-Ww.

Bcp-fmbv Bcp-fm-bv, h¥ncp¥Xv,

aq∏-∑m¿, aq∏-∑m¿.

GtX-Xp-]Xn aq∏-∑m¿

HºXp]Xn, e£w tNcn, I√q¿, IpS-Ipdn™na-sse, BSp-∏m-ssd, Du´p-∏m-

ssd, Ac-bm¬ tNcn, I≠n-°q-Sp-∂-I-a-e, Ipf-©n, tX¶m-bv]- -Ww, Ipcp-Sn-a-

e, Cu®-°p-gn, Cfw-tX-¶n, tX¶m-®n, Nμ-\m-hr-£w, taev°m-Sw, Ipdn©n

Iogv°m-Sw Ipdn©n, Bdp-a-sse, Bdp-I-ssc\mSv, Ggp-a-sse, Ggp-I-ssc-\m-Sv,

Bdp-a-ebv°pw Bdp-X-≠n-se-°pw, I≈´pw sImSp-Øp-ap´w tXm´nse Ccp-¥-

I≈pw IpSnØp BSn-∏mSn h¥-Xn-s√≥ Xºp-cm-s\, Xºp-cm-s\, \√p-Xpw ...

Rm\p-sa≥ ]Xnbpw h¥n-se, aq∏-∑m¿ aq∏-∑m¿

GtXXp-]-Xn-aq-∏-∑m¿ h¥m≥?

sImcm-Ip-©n-aq-∏≥ h¥m≥, Ducmfn DSb

aq∏≥h-¥m≥, NmØn-≈-b-aq-∏≥ h¥m≥

C∏-Sn-bvs°m-Ø, aq∏p-I-sf√mw h¥-sX≥

Xºp-cm-t\.

Rm\p-sa≥ ]Xnbpw h¥n-se,

\√Xpw . . .

C∂pw GtX-Xp-]-Xn-aq-∏-∑m¿ h¥m¿Iƒ

197

\°-º-Xn, \mI-º-Xn, IpØn-cp-∏m-sd, Ipcp-¥p-]p≈n Ipcp-°-t®m-

se, Np≠-\m-Sv, NmØm-¶p-dn-®n, BSp-sh´pwº≈w, sh¶mS¶pdn-®n,

aq≥sIm-√n, Bdp-sX-≠n-I-bv°pw, Ggp-sX-≠n-I-bv°pw, Im´n-s°m-Sp-Øpw,

bm\p-sa≥ acp-a-°-fpw, ]Xn-aq-∏-\pw, ]Xn-aq-∏-Øn-bpw, IpSn-h-¥ntXmw

Xºp-cmt\ . . .

hS-tIm-bn-e∏≥ {][m-\n-bnse Ducm-\-°p-bn-tem-sS, s]cn-b-s]-

cnb ImgvN-sIm-≠p-h-¥n-sX≥

Xºp-cm-s\-Ø-ºp-cm-s\,

F∂ F∂ ImgvsN,

Ce-∏pssd . . . Ce-∏p-ssd,

sh®p Ipºn-Spt¶m

ae-t©m-e-bnse hmg-°p-d-fn-se, It≠®p

t]mt∂≥ Xºp-cm-t\. . . Xºp-cmt\

\√ \√ ImgvsN

]S-tIm-hn-e-∏≥ {][m-\n-bnse Ducm-\-°p-bn-tem-sS, s]cnb s]cnb

ImgvN-sIm-≠p-h-¥ntXmw

Xºp-cms\ Xºp-cms\ . . .

F∂ F∂ ImgvsN?

tX≥ Ipgm-bn, tX≥ Ipgmbn

sh®p Ipºn-Spt¶m

amem-tNm-e-bnse ac-s∏m-Ønse It≠®p

t]mt∂≥ Xºp-cmt\ . . .

\√ \√ ImgvN . . .

hS-tIm-hn-e-∏≥ {][m-\n-bnse Ducm-\-°p-bn-temsS s]cn-b-s]-cnb

ImgvN-sIm-≠p-h-∂n-sX≥ Xºp-cm-t\, Xºp-cm-t\.

F∂ F∂ ImgvsN?

Ibv]v°, Ibv]°

sh®p Ipºn-Spt¶m

]pg-º-≈-bnse aqS-h-]-SmsI It≠®p

t]mt¥≥ Xºp-cmt\ . . .

\√ \√ ImgvsN

hS-tIm-hn-e-∏≥ {][m-\n-bnse Ducm-\-°p-bntemsS s]cnb s]cnb

ImgvN-sIm≠p ht¥≥ Xºp-cms\ Xºp-cmt\ . . .

F∂ F∂ ImgvsN

198

sImfn-°n-Sm-hv, sImfn-°n-Smhv

sh®p IpºnSv . . .

sImßp-\m- n-se, apss´ t]mSp-I-bn-se, ]cp¥v

It≠®p t]mt∂≥ Xºp-cm-s\, Xºp-cmt\

\√ \√ ImgvsN

hS-tIm-hn-e-∏≥ {][m-\n-bnse Ducm-\-°p-bn-temsS

s]cnb s]cnb ImgvNsIm≠p-h-t¥≥ Xºp-cmt\

Xºp-cm-t\.

F∂ F∂ ImgvsN?

D∏p-I-≠w, D∏p-I≠w

sh®p-Ip-ºn-Sv.

am≥ InSm-cn-bnte It≠®p t]mt∂≥ Xºp-cmt\ . . .

Xºp-cm-t\ . . .

\√ \√ ImgvsN

hS-tIm-hne∏≥ {][m-\n-bnse Ducm-\°pbn-temsS s]cnb s]cnb

ImgvN-sIm≠p hs¥≥ Xºp-cms\ Xºp-cms\ . . .

F∂ F∂ ImgvsN?

]∂n-s°m-d-hv, ]∂n-s°m-dhv

sh®p-Ip-ºn-Sv,

Ip≠p-Ip-fØnse tNdp-]-S-emd Is≠®p t]mt∂≥ Xºp-cmt\ . . .

Xºp-cmt\ . . .

\√ \√ ImgvsN

hS tImhn-e-∏≥ {][m-\n-bnse Ducm-\-°n-bn-temsS s]cnb s]cnb

ImgvN-sIm≠p hs¥≥ Xºp-cms\ Xºp-cms\ . . .

F∂ F∂ ImgvsN?

]∂n-s°m-dhv ]∂n-s°m-dhv

sh®p Ipºn-Sv,

Ip≠p-Ip-f-Ønse tNdp ]S-emd Is≠®p

t]mt¥≥ Xºp-cm-t\, Xºp-cmt\ . . .

hS-tIm-hn-e-∏≥ {][m-\n-bnse Ducm-\-°p-bn-temsS

s]cnb s]cnb ImgvN-sIm-≠p-h-s¥≥ Xºp-cms\ Xºp-cms\ . . .

F∂ F∂ ImgvsN

Cu®°pd-hv, Cu®-°p-dhv

sh®p Ipºn-Spt¶m . . .

199

Ducm¿ ]¥n-cp-h¿ IqSn, X≠p Ig-e-bn- p, FSp-°-cp-XmsX CS-h-gn-bn-

en-t´®p t]mt¥≥ Xºp-cmt\ . . .

\√ \√ ImgvsN.

\m\p-sa≥ a°fpw, acp-a-°-fp-a-√m-a¬ \m-se´pt]¿, aq∏-∑m¿Ifpw IqSn,

Im´n-se-th- bv°p t]mIp-an-S-Ønse Hcp Cu®-Ø-Sn-b≥ ]d-¥p-t]m-In-dsX

I≠v, Inss≈ Iøntebncp¥v hnss√-samss≈ sNØ-s∏-Sm-a¬, hm¶n Aºp-

hSn c≠pw sXmSpØv Asº-hn- -t]mXv Aºp Cu®bv°ps∏Sm-a¬, Cu®-

Ø-Sn-b≥, aXnØp aebv°p ]d-¥p-t]m-In-bsX It≠®p h¥p-sX≥ X-ºp-

cmt\, Xºp-cm-t\.

A\p-_‘w 1 F 17

tXm‰w-sNm-√¬

lcnHmw hmgvI-s]m-enI ssZhsa hmgvI F∂p hmgvØp-t∂≥, s]menI

F∂p-s]m-en-°p-t∂≥ ssZh-sa-Rm≥. hmgvI ]e- mKw KW-]-Xn-hm-gvI. CS-

`mKw kc-kzXn hmgvI. ]I¬hn-f-°m-Zn-Xy≥ hmgvI. cmhn-f-°p-N-{μ≥ hmgvI.

Ccp-jn-I-fn-{μmZn a{¥m-Zn-a¿°m≠ alm-C-cp-jn-Ifpw hmgvI. Fs‚ A—≥

apØ-—-\m-Nm-cy\pw hmgvI BZn-bpsS ]©-Kp-cn-°-∑m-scbpw he-`mKw

hmgvØn kvXpXn-bm-Ip-s∂≥ ssZhsa Rm≥. Hmw Iev]-I-°p-fp¿ \ng¬

Icn-¶¬ aWn-Ø-d-ta¬ Iev]-\-bmse Ccp-∂p-hm-gvØn kvXpXn-°p-t∂≥

KW-]Xn ]n≈-bmsc. Ihn-Xsb Xo¿∏m≥ aq¿Øn-sb-ssI-h-i-am-s°-Ww.

kc-kzXn F≥\m-hp-X-s∑¬ h∂p-hn-f-bm-Sp-I-\n-Xy-an-∂p. t]m∂Iw sNbvX-

t\cw X´p-Xm-sc-Xm-a-c-ta¬t∏m-t´¥n G¥n-\-h-Sn-sh-s®√mw ]™namw iq°n-

e-Øn¬ ]e-tim-WnXw tXm∂n. Dugn-tXm-∂n, Dugn-\-Sp-sh-\-√∂w tXm∂n

sX®n-tXm∂n sImSn-b-b-∂w-tXm∂n hn¥p-tXm∂n Ac-bm¬ tXm∂n Imc-

W-s∏-s´mcp t]cm¬ tXm∂n Iev]-I-hr£w ]ehpw tXm∂n. Dugn-bn-¶¬

Ccp-hcpw tXm∂n. Ccp-h-cp-ambn ka-Xm-bn-cn-°p-t∂mcp ImeØp Aar-Xq-

Wn\p t]mI-I-≠mƒ iØn iØn-bpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ ]mb-Wm≥ inh-\-

t∏mƒ \nd-s∏- m¿ iØn KpW-s∏- m¿, Imb≥ Ima-s\-∂pw, Im_-cn-sb∂pw

hmfmse sh´n \n¿Ωn®sX√mw K‘¿Δ-\m-b-Xpw. Bº¬∏q-hmte ]qhp-

am-bn, Bº¬Ø≠p-t]mse X≠p-ambn X∂n¬ \nd¥p \nev]n-s\mcp Ima-

a-b-s∏m-Sn-bp-ambn NqSmsX Ccp-∂p-sh-®n-Xs√m K‘¿Δ-\m-bXp AwKp-ey-i-

‡n-°n-S-®-h-f-gp∂ ]mXmfw t]m\m-sf∂pw AwKp-i-sa-s∂mcp K‘-Ømse

Aºp-sX-fn™p sshcw tXm∂n. sNØ-s∏-Sp-h-Xp-sa-øm-h-Xp-k-c-k-s∏-Sp-h-

Xr-sh-s◊-Wn-bm-hXp Dº-s∏-Sp-hXp K‘-a-\m-hXp F∂n-ß-s\-\m-ep-Zn-°nepw

Zni-bnepw Ccn-°p-amdp Ie-⁄m\w sNbvshmbn-∂p.

200

K‘¿Δ-\pw, Nph∂ Xncp-\n-dhpw Icpw-Ip-©n-Ø-e-Nn-°n-bp-e¿Øn sI´n

If- -Øn-cp-s\-‰n-ta¬ ssih-°p-dnbpw Nm¿Øn-s∏m≥ IpWp°pw ImXn-en´p

X≠p-Rm-Whpw Xma-c-Ø-≠pw, ]©-_m-W-hpw, hn√pw s]m¿°p-Xn-cbpw

NΩ- n-t°mepw Hcp \qdm-bnepw thZn-bcpw De-In¬ \nd-s™mcp imØn-c-

cpw, imØn-c-cp-Sb CS-\-Sp-hn¬ kXm-in-h-Øn-s∑¬ sh≈n-s®-dp-Ip-Xnc Gdn-

ssa-Ip-Wp-ßn-t∏mIpw \m≥ Xºn-hn-s\m-cm-Im-i-K-‘¿Δm C∂pw \ap-°n-

Øn-cn-°mØsXmcp Xmacw I≠p tI´p-h-sc-Ww. AXp-I-s≠mcp h≠n-\-

Ωbpw AcnsI ]d∂p Xmsg shbn¬ sIm≠p am\w sN∂p Ihn-™-hnSw

ae sN∂p Npg-∂-hnSw Dusc√mw sN∂p-]-Xn-®-hnSw. D∏p-a-Xnbpw Ce-I-

e¿∂-hnSw De-I-sa-Æm-bn-c-°msX saßpw sNs∂m-cm™p t]mIp-t∂≥

K‘¿Δ-cm-Pmsh, F∂m¬ K‘¿Δ-[m-cn-bm-Ip∂ h≠n-\sΩm hm¿`q-an-bmIpw

{Kma-Øn¬ IqSn t]mcp-tºmƒ Bcnb sh≈-°-cn-º-\ G-gp-Np-‰n´v t\m°p-

tºmgv C\n°pw Fs‚ Hcp K‘¿Δ-cm-Pm-hn\pw Ccn-°-Ø-°-sXmcp Xma-c-

bn-sX∂p I≠p sI´p-h-sc-Ww. hm \sΩm Rm\p-sas‚ amb-Ømse I≠p

s]mt∂≥ adp-s]m-cp-fmse I≠p-t]m-t∂≥ K‘¿Δ-cm-Pmth F∂m¬

K‘¿Δ-[-cn-bm-Ip∂ h≠n-\-sΩm. \ΩpsS _e-Øn-\mse _e-ho-cy-Øn-

\mse sN∂p IpSn-ep-]p°p sImƒI K‘¿Δ-cm-Pmsh F∂Xns\-s°-t´mcp

K‘¿Δ-cm-Pmhpw a™ƒ]p-ct≠mcp {ioD-S-bm-S-bpw, alm-`m-c-X-sa-gp-Xnb

Hcp ]pkvX-Ihpw Xr°-øn¬ IpS-bpw, Xncp-hm-gn-tam-Xn-c-hp-ambn \S-sIm-≠m≥

Bcn-b-sh≈n Icn-º-\-ta¬ sN∂p ssZh-ambn IpSn-]p-°m≥ K‘¿Δ-cm-

Pmhp ]ns∂bm sh≈n-°-cn-tº-\-ta¬ ]pdvs]-Sp-t∂mcp sh≈n-Øn-cp-\msfme-

sb-√mw. ap√-∏q-ssI-X∏q ]me∏q \√ Nμ\w Nne K‘-]p-jv]-ambn -hn-cn-

b-s∏´ hogvhXp hm¿`q-anbmw {Kma-Øn¬ ]´n-Wn-bm¬ \√-Ω-Xo-≠mbn

H∂p A©p-\o¿Ip-fn®v Icn-º-\-Np-h-SqsS t]mcp-∂-t∏mƒ, ap√-∏q, ssIX∏q

]me∏q shSpØv InS-°p-∂-Xp-I-≠m-td, ap√∏q FSpØp apSn-°-Wn-bp-∂p.

ssIX∏q FSpØv Iøn¬ ]nSn-°p-∂p. ]mev]q-sh-SpØv aSn-bn¬ shbv°p∂p.

]qhn-\p-Sb K‘-Øn¬ hgn-sb, ]cn-]q-c-W-Øn¬ hgnsb ssZh-K¿`w hgnsb

ap‰p-∂p. ]S¿`q-anbmw {Kma-Øn¬ ]S¿Øn-bm¿ \√-Ωbv°p H∂mw amkw

Xn¶-fn¬ ck-h-Sn-hm-Ip-∂p. aq∂mw amkw Xn¶-fn¬ ap -bp-cp-hm-Ip-∂p. \memw-

amkw Xn¶-fn¬ \m¶p-thZw ]Wn-sbm-cp-ßn. A©mw-amkw Xn¶-fn¬ ]©-

K¿`w ]Wn-ap-I-Øp. ]pØpw XnI™p ]mXn-sN-√p∂t∏mƒ ]mSp-Ip-gßn

ssa t\m-°p-∂p. Fs‚ Hcp kv{Xo hb-‰n¬ sIms≠mcp {ioK¿`sØ

Rm≥ FhnsS {]k-hn-°mhq. F∂m¬ ] -∑m¿°pw {_m“-W¿°pw Hcp

hS-°n-\nbmw \√-Iw. HmSn-∏p-°p-sh-≈n-°n-Æ-Ønepw, s]m∂p-In-Æ-Ønepw

201

FÆ-hm-ßn-sh-®p. hb-‰n\pw apXp-In\pw FÆ-Nm¿Øn Ing-°p-t\m°n

ssIXn-cpºn ssat\m-°p-∂p. AI-Ømse ]¬I-Sn®p ]pd-Ømse ]p©n-cn-

sIm≠pw lcn-sb-∂pw, inh-s\-∂pw, {_“-s\∂pw aq∂p-hn-fn-hn-fn-°p-∂-

t∏mƒ. apΩq¿Øn-Iƒ aqhcpw h∂p ssI sImSp-°p-t∂≥ \√ {ioa-Isf

s]‰v t]¿hn-fn-®m¬ hm¿`q-anbmw {Kma-Øn¬s∏Sp-Øn-bm¿ \√-Ω-bv°v.

A\p-_‘w 1 F 19

sXøm´v

sXøm´v (Ipg¬aμw tZiw)

1 apXp-ap-dsb Ag-tImsS Ah¿ \ko≥ AWn-hmtb

ae¿a-I-sf-bn-h-scbpw Hcp-Xo-bn¬ DW¿hmtb

Hcp ]cn-Nn≥ FXr-sam-gn-Iƒ Ae¿Km-\-a-I-fmb

DS¬ Idp-Xn-ap-I-ap-≈-h¿ Aar-Xp-sN-bvX-sX-ßns\

]d-ap-‰o≥ Ic-Sn-XpSn ]S-s]m-enI Ipa-cms\

sNdp-]-b-sdm-Sp-gp-∂p-sh√mw I\nI-Z-fn-∏-ghpw sNm√mw

ine-hn-s\m-Sp-X-cp-]-Xn-\n-K-W-]-Xnbv° `bsa

KW-]-Xn-`-K-hms\ \∑-Rm-s\m-∂p-c-∏≥

XpW-sbm-Sp-Xp-S°w ˛ Ωbm¬ tNmdp-X-s∂≥

]W-ap-S-b A-h¿ X∂n¬ ]≈n-sIm≈pw amtbmt\

s]m∂p-a-Wn-I-e-I-Øn¬ s]mgnepdbpw amtbms\

2. B\bpw ]nSn-bp-ambn Ac\pw \√p-abpw IqSn

Im\-en¬ Ifn-®-Imew Icn-ºpamw KW-]-Xn°p

3. AIw-]qIm tZh-X-amsc BZn-Xy≥ Ing-°n-\n-hm-Xn¬

Ccn-∏ms\m sh≈n-{io-]oTw

Cuiz-c\p A\p-hmZw

De-In¬ sXfn™ hnfs° Ducn

ec-°m-\p-Zn-∏m≥

FSpØmt\m sh≈n-hn-f°p Ggp-hew sIm≠p-\n∂p

A©p`qXn sXfn™p Acn-bn- p ssIsXm-gp-Xmsf

Hgnbpw ]nWn CXn-\mse Hma-\-∏p-Øn-c≥ Xmsb

Aºn ]qim-s\-߃ X∂p A°-\nsa

Xp≈p Im◊m≥

Ifw ImWvI-tZ-h-X-amsc Im∏m≥ KW-]-Xn A-ø≥

In≠n-bn¬ \oc-cn-Xmew Io¿Øn-®m¬

202

sX°n\n hmXn¬ KpW-am-\-{io- -{Z-Im-fn-IqSm

Jew sIm≠p-\n-∂p.

KwK-bn¬ t\m‰p Ipfn® tafn-®-Xn-\mepsaSpØp

Iømse Iq∏n-bn-cp∂v Ifw-Im¨Im-tZ-h-X-bmsc

aS-°p-]p-S-sNºp IÆmSn tamXn-®m≥ hmtfmSp Iqd

anI-hm-\-{io- -{Z-Imfo \ofth ImØn-cp-∂mtf

apºn-en-cp-ºp-{io-hocw aqem-°-f-a-Xp-d-hm≥ saøn¬

s]m≥am-e-b-Wn¥ th≠pw ]cn-j-Iƒ hmbvØ

ssasIm≠p IÆp-sa-gp-Xn-a-S-hm≥ Na-™-ßn-cp-∂p.

samgn-sNm-√n-R-߃ hnfn-® Im°-f-a-Xp-sd-hm≥

\μ-\-μ-a-∑-Øn-cp∂pßmZ-cm≥ F≥a\-Xm-cn¬

Ifw ImWvI tZh-X-amsc hnd-sIm-≠p-ssI-sXm-gp-Xmsf

hocm-sbm-gn-®-Xp-Xmsb apgp-hp-ss\-®m¥p sNm√mXpw

]qiw ]pcpj-Iƒ ]mbv¥ s]¨sImSnt\m‰pIp-fn®p

safn-®-co-Xm-e-sa-SpØ ]in-Xn-c-\-s√mcp ]qi

]mtem-sS-\q-dp-X-cp-t∂≥ s]m∂-Ø-]q-a-e¿°m-hn¬

t]mcpw _en-]q-P-sImƒhm≥, ]qP-sImƒhm≥

]ºcw t]mse Xncn-™-ßs\ amSn-t∏m¿sN-bvhm≥

4. I©m-a¬ \¬I-g¬ ]©m-an-cm-K-߃

]mSp-thm-sc-√mcpw IqSn Ima\ C\w ]p\¬

amc\n¥n-c≥ tZhn-b-cn-In¬ t]mbn ImWmw

In©p-X≥ sIm©p-X≥ ]©m-an-cm-K-߃

]mSp-thm-sc-√mcpw IqSn Iotg-gp-tem-Ihpw

tate-gp-tem-Ihpw ImWmw.

A\p-_‘w 1 F 20

]qhm-c¬

1. sh≈-Øn¬ ]q≠-t]m¬ \ocp-amSn

sh≈-°p-Xn-c-t]m¬ tab-I≠v

F≈n¬ sNdnb ad-hp-s≠∂v

GXp-an-√-Ømsf Cf-b-hsf

I≈-Øm¬ sN∂-ßn-cp-∂p-sIm≠v

Im¿t°m-S-I-\t√m sNbvX-ambw

sagp-In-°n-S-°p-∂-XnÆ X∂n¬

203

Fgp-Xn-°n-S-°p-∂-\mK]mtº,

Rm\∂p It≠mcp-]m-ºn-X-t√m,

hs∂s∂ I≠mSn ]Sw hncpØn

Xp≈m´w h∂-ßns\ s\©n¬ sIm≠p

Xp≈n-°-f-a-gn° \mK-]m-tº.

2. \∑-sbm-\n-ß-sf-¥p-th≠q sNm√m\pw

\mWn-®n- q-cn-bmsX aÆp-hm-s∂-\n-\-®n- p-cn-bm-sX,

amX-cmsf \oXn-bn¬ ]m´p-tI´v

\mKcw Xp≈p-∂-Xp-≈¬I≠v

\qs√ _mWw sIms≠-bvXp-cm-a≥

s\©p-hn-S-cp∂p amX-cmsf

t\c-ambv amcms\ ImWm™n´,

s\øn∂pw ]mtemSp \qdpw X∂v

\mcn-bm-fm-hm-™m¬ tJZ-an-t∏mƒ

IÆp-sIm-≠p-Im-Wm-tIWw t\m°p-tºmƒ

a\w-sIm≠p tIƒ°m-tIWw s\øn-\pw,

]men\pw \qdn-\w-X∂v A°-\-amSn

t]¿sNm-√-∂m-sI.

3. a[p-a-sØ-gp-t∂mcp hc≠ ˛ aWhm

Cs\-¥-S-bmfw Ipfp¿a-tØgpw

IXn¿hn-s√-°qsS N©mc ap≠-S-bmfw

_mWhpw hn√p-sa-SpØp hew-sh-®-c-bm-temSp Nmcn,

amc≥ ac-Øn-t∑-tedn Nne-_m-Ww,

tXmSpØp cs≠-bvXp.

]qWp-\q-e‰p sXdn®p ]p∂m-bp≈ KwK-bn¬ hoWp

]qam-c-s\ßp \nd™v \√ ]qWp-t\m¬

I≠n-sß-SpØv tXXn¬ sXfn-™-sX-fnsb

sXfn-ap-s‰mcpamcs\ Im◊m≥

Im◊m-\n-se-ßm-\p-ap-t≠m, hcp-hm≥ sN√p-I-In-fnsb

4. I∂n-N-a™ Na-b-߃ tXmƒhf

Imcm-N-h-Sn-]-X°w s]m≥tam-Xncw

Inßn-Wn-am-em-Xp-f¿ ame ]qame

`wKn-bn¬ \√-\-h-c-Xv\-am-ebpw Ip¶paw

204

\√ If- -߃ IkvXqcn IqSsh \√ ]pgp-]-\o¿

Nμ\w Iøn-en- -RvP\ I¿∏qcw sXm´n´v

IsÆ-gpXn Nne-c-hjw Na-™p-sX,

sIm≠-ap-dp°n Ipdn-]p-\-Ø-ßn-s\, tIme-a-bn¬

t]mse Ima\pw I∂nbpw

IuΔ\w ]¥-e-IØv s]m≥am-S-Øn¬

C°-\-t]¿sNm¬ hm K¿‘-Δm-tb. (s\-∑m-d)

205

A\p-_‘w 2 F.

IWym¿I-fn-bnse s]mdm´p-Iƒ

A\p-_‘w 2 F. 1 H‰-∏-d-b≥ hncpØw

hmSm-X-\m-Sp-X∂n¬ \∑-bmbv Dd-In‚ ae-bm-f-\m-Sp-X-∂nte . . .

tXSnsb iØ-am- n-\pSb tXmse-SpØv D◊-bm-bv]-Wn-sN-øth . . .

tImSm-\-in-Øpfn FSp-Øp-S≥ hmtdm- n-s\cmI-bp≠v sibvXv

\mSnsb ]m∏mi ]Ænsb s]cn-tbm¿Iƒ ]mZw

hW-¶p-tdt\ . . .

Cutc-gp-tem-I-Xp-]p-I-gvØn-S-]m-°-\m¿ X∂nte

]mc-Xn¬ acp-X-bq¿ X∂nse hf¿In‚

]m°-d-∏n-≈-Xm≥

ioXm-\-X-∏n´ FSp-Øp-S≥ ]m∏m-i-io-e-am-bp≠v

t\cmsI ]mZ-Øn¬ sshØp-S≥ hcp-Ip-dmt\ . . .

A\p-_‘w 2 F 2 Iq -®-°n-en-b¿

\mep-Im¬ \mep-thZw \b-\-sam-cn-c-hn-Xn-¶ƒ

hoipw hm¬ hmbp-tZ-h≥ tase√mw tZh-temIw

Beamw sNhnbpw sImºpw A\p-a-b-\p-amsI

ioeamw aXphpw imWn, inh-s\‚p si∏-emta . . .

A\p-_‘w 2 F 3 H‰-∏-d-b≥

lcn›{μcm-P≥ ]d-b-\p°v ASn-a-bmbv NpS-e-°-fw-X-∂n¬

Hcm≠v Ccp-¥-sXmcp apd-asb

sXcn-bm-Xm-kzm-an, apd-asb sXcn-bmXm

tZth-{μ≥ aIsf I¥\p IeymWw sNbvI-bnse

Iqim-a¬ ]d-sIm´n apg°pw thZ-]-d-b-\psS

imXn-sb-fp-sh‚pw sNm∂Xpw apssd-Xm\m kzman

sNm∂Xpw apssd-Xm\m . . .

A\p-_‘w 2 F 4 Xhn- p-cm-a≥ (]-√m-hq¿ tZiw)

sX¥n-∂mbv sX¥n-∂mbv Xn\m-ss\-sX-¥n-∂mbv sX¥n-∂m-bvXns\

sX¥n-∂mbv sX¥n-∂mbv Xn\m-ss\ sX-¥n-∂mbv Xn\m-Xnt\

Im´p-an- \pw IΩn- \pw \√ IS-ep-Zn-°p-d-iq-cnb\pw

B´n-tbm´n ]S-s]m-cp-Xp-tºmƒ hnΩ´w ho´n-s°m-≠mSm

(sX-¥n-∂mbv . . .)

206

]s´ AXp-]s´ ]\-a-cØnse ]s´

s]m -°p-f-Ønse As´ AXp-h-Sp-I≥ Xsse-sams´

N°sc \√ N°sc ]\-a-c-Ønse N°sc

Bdp-I-S-¥m-e-°sc AXp-Xn-cp-ºn-∏m-Øm-en-°sc (sX-¥n-∂m-bv . . .)

Hms´ AXp Hms´ N´n ]mXn-sb√mw Hms´

AXo-∏-ø≥ tIs´ Ah≥ I∂-Ønse c≠p t]ms´

apftI \√ apftI \√ Imc-ap≈ apftI

Infhn NØm-en-fhn AXp ]Øp-\q-dp-]Ww Nnesh (sX-¥n-∂mbv . .

.)

A\p-_‘w 2 F 5 IpdØn Ipd-h≥ (Ip-g¬aμw tZiw)

ssIt\m´w

hmWm°pIm-c≥ ˛ \o ssI tcJ t\m°pw ∂t√ ]d-™Xv

Fs‚-sbm∂p t\m°mtam

Ipd-Øn ˛ Hmtlm, ]dbmw A®m. AXm-W®m Fs‚ D]-Po-h-\-

am¿§w

he-sØ-ssI-\o- n-°m-Wn-°n≥ A®m.

IpdØn ˛ \o´n-\®m ssIIƒ \n߃ \of-am-bn-ap-∂n¬

Im´n-\®m ssIIƒ \n߃ I≠-Xp-]-d-bmw.

A∂-tcJ ImWp-∂p-≠v, tNmdn-\n√ ]™w.

Bbp¿tcJ ssZ¿Ly-amWv t]Sn-th≠ tIt´m

hmWm ˛ (F-\n-s°-¥p- bw) aSn-bn¬ I\-ap-s≠-¶nte hgn-bn¬

`b-ap≈q? tijw ]d-bv

IpdØn ˛ aq∂ptcJam™p-t]mbn aqe-\m-iw-h-∂p.

\mep-tcJ am™pt]mbn \mi-Imew h∂p.

A®\p Ieym-W-am-bn- ©p-sIm-√-ambn

c≠p- m-cy-sI- n-hmW tcJ-bp-≠p-I-øn¬

H∂p-sIm≠pw kuJy-an√ \n߃°n-t∏mƒ tIƒ∏n≥

hmWm ˛ a°ƒ°p tbmK-apt≠m? AtXm C\ow sI´tWm?

IpdØn ˛ ]Øp-a-°ƒ tbmK-ap≠v `mKy-h-\m-W-—≥

]mXn-b-Xn¬ NØp-t]m-Ipw. N©-e-s∏-tS≠

\mep-a-°ƒ ba-]p-cn-bn¬ Ime-t\mSp tNcpw.

\√ aI≥ H∂p-≠®m IÆp-c-≠p-an-√.

IÆn-s√-¶n¬ t]ms´ A—m Imepw-I-øp-an-√.

207

hmWm ˛ Hm tI -Xp-a-Xn. Rm≥ mKy-hm≥X-s∂. Cßs\ Bhm≥

F¥m ImcWw?

IpdØn ˛ I≠m-I¿W≥ I≠-Ømcv c≠p-≠-®m-ssZhw

D≠m-b-\m-f∂p apX¬ Du´pw ]qi-bn-√.

Du´pw ]qi-bn-√m-™n´v am´p-_m-[-h-∂p.

D≠mbn Dd™p h∂Xv I≠-Øm-cm-W-®m.

(]m- ns‚ Ah-km-\-Øn¬ hmWm°pImc≥ Dd-™p-Xp-

≈p-∂-

Xmbn ImWn-°p-∂p. IpdØn Iev]\ tNmZn-°p-∂p.)

IpdØn ˛ Fs‚ Ipd-h≥ Fhn-sS-sb∂v ]d-bn-\®m

hmWm ˛ Hcp aWvUew ]pg aW-en¬ IqSmcw sh®v Rm\pw \obpw

IqSn X]- n-cp-∂m¬ \ns‚ Ipd-h≥ hcpw. AXp-hsc Rm≥

Xs∂ \ns‚ Ipd-h≥.

A\p-_‘w 2. F 6 aÆm≥ ˛ aÆmØn (]-√-»-\-tZ-iw)

aÆmØn ˛ Fs¥Sm aÆmt\ \ns∂ Rm≥ I-≠n´v

Imew Ipd-®mbn aÆmt\ Imew Ipd-®mbn . .

aÆm≥ ˛ Fs∂-∏n-cn-™n´v GamØw sNbvXn´v

Fhn-sS-t∏mbXmSo KXn-sI- -htf Fhn-sS-t∏m-b-XmSo . . .

aÆmØn ˛ sI´nb s]Æn-t\m-sSm´pw kvt\l-an-√mØ

Zp„-Øcw aqØ ]m]ntb . . .Zp„-Øcw aqØ ]m]ntb . . .

aÆm≥ ˛ Xd-bv°p-t]m-bn´v hcp-hm-\n-{Xbv°v

Xma-k-sa-¥mSo aÆmØn, Xma-k-sa-¥mSn?

aÆmØn ˛ Xd-bv°p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ X-ºp-cm-\n-√msX

ImØp-\n-∂-XmSm aÆm-t\, ImØp-\n-∂-XmSm

aÆm≥ ˛ ImØp-\n-∂p≈ Iøpw If-shms°

I≠p-]n-Sn-t®-s\Sn Hcp-sº-t´mtf I≠p-]n-Sn-t®-s\So

aÆmØn ˛ ImØp-\n-∂p≈ Iøpw If-shms° F¥p \o Is≠Sm alm-]m]o

F¥p\o Is≠Sm?

aÆm≥ ˛ Xdbv°v t]mbn´p Xncn®p hcp-tºmƒ

XSp-Ø-Xm-cm≠n \ns‚ Iøn¬ ]nSn-®-Xm-cm≠n . . .

aÆmØn ˛ Nqf ]d-bp∂ Zp„-a-Æm-t\mSv IqSn-bn-cp-∏m≥ htø amtfmtc . . .

IqSn-bn-cp-∏m≥ htø

208

A\p-_‘w 2 F 7 sXm n®n sXm n-b≥ ]®-Ip-ج (s\-∑m-d-tZ-iw)

]®-Ip-Øp-td-\-Ωm-\m≥ ]ms´-s®m-√p-td≥Xmtb

]´m-f-∏-®tb \m≥ IpØn-Øm-td-\Ωm

l¥-hn[w thWptam F∂nSw sim√p-¶tf

A¥-hn[w ]®-sb\m≥ IpØn-Øm-td-\øm.

hmg-∏q-]s® hcn-i-bm\ ]s®,

tXcv]q-]-®-sb -\m≥ IpØn-Øm-td-\øm.

a√n-I-∏q-]s® aln-a-bm-\-]s®

amX-f-∏q-]s®sb\m≥ IpØn-Øm-td-\-øm

s]m∂m\ Duin-bn-\m¬ Isø-]n-SpØv sIm≠v

an∂n-enSpw a[p-ssc-bm°v IpØn-Øm-td-\Ωm

abn¬t]mse Ipbn¬t]mse aSn-ta-en-cp-Øntb

Xmcm´n Xmcm´n IpØn-Øm-td \øm . . .

A\p-_‘w 2 F 8 ]mW≥ ˛ ]m´n (s]m-en-∏m- v)

hmgvI, hmgvI s]men-b-Xt√m

hmkp-tZ-h≥ Xncp-h-Sn°v

DØn-cmSw Xncp-thmWw H∂pw c≠pw \t√mWw.

DØn-cmSw \mƒ ]nd¥ Xr°m-°c amtZ-h\v,

amtZ-h≥ hcp-tºm-gt√ amtem-I¿°-e-¶m-cw.

sNtØWw tImtcWw \ne-sa-gpIn ]qhn-sSßpw

\mep-sI- n-b-Wn-Xm-te, A©p-]pdw \n¬°s´.

aÆmte ]nSn-]n-SpØv s]m∂mte Ac NabvØv hc-Nm¥pw Ipdn-

bp-an´p

]qs°m≠m, ]qs°m≠m ]qh-dp°pw ]qa¶

Rm\-d°pw ]qh-√thm amtZ-h≥ Nm¿Øp-∂Xv

sIm°-dfn ]q sIm≠v IpSbpw ]nSn-∏nØv

DΩ-Øo≥]qsIm≠v sImºpw ]nSn-∏nØv

ap°men taen-cp¥v Fgp-∂≈pw amtZ-h≥

AØw-sXm´v ]Øp-\mƒ amtem-I¿°-e-¶mcw

amtZ-h≥ hcp-tºm-gt√m amtem-I¿°-e-¶mcw

hmgvI hmgvI s]men-b-Xs√m

hmkp-tZ-h≥ Xncp-h-Sn°v.

209

A\p-_‘w 2 F 9 ]mºm´n (s\-∑md tZiw)

1. BSp-]mtº a\w tXSp-]mtº . . . \√

B\μw I≠p sXfn-¥mSp ]mtº

AØn-a-c-Ønse apss -t]m- v\√

Be-a-c-Øn-semcp Ipss©-hn-cn™v

Ip©p°v Cssc-tXSn t]m\-]mtº . . . \√

]cp-¥m´w I≠p sXfn-¥m-Sp-]mtº

\m\mSpw ]mºt√m \mK-]mºv . . .

Xºn-bm- pw ]mºt√m XÆn-]mºv

simfn-Xm≥ IWs° tN¿Øv sim√p-saSm hnh-c-¶sf

F¶-fpsS IW-°p-Isf FS-\n-sse-]m-cp-saSm

H‚o-]pen IW-°p-Isf He-X-∂nse ]mcp-saSm

c≠n-]pen IW-°p-Isf i -Xn-bnse ]mcp-saSm

2. Bcn-b-Ωm-e°v hnjw sImSpØv A©p-\m-fm-®Xv

Bcn-b-Ωme Ac-a-\°v t]mI-em-a-X-ºn-in-∂m≥

A©p-\m-fm®p hnjw sImSpØv tiXn-sbm-∂p-sX-c-b-hns√

Gdn-∂tX hnj-aXv Cd-¶n-¥tX sXcnb hnss√

A¥-hoYn t]mIm-hn- m-tb-¥n-°-c-h¿ tXSn-h-cp-hm¿

hcp-h-Xp°v ap∂ta \Ωƒ Ac-a-\°v t]mI-ema

Ass∂-∂mss∂ ∂ss\∂s\

∂ss∂-∂-ss∂-∂ss\

A\p-_‘w 2 F 10 sshjvW-h-s∏m-dm´v

1. koXmcma koXm-cma koXm-cm-ahm

hmkp-tZh `h-Xn-hmk hmk-hm-\pPw XXn-¥X

DZ-c-]pcss\ Xe-kn-\-lr-Z-b-a-\p-Zn-\-w cma

]mZ-k-tcmP lm\z-tb[

]c-a-hm-cnt[ XXn-¥Ø

i¥\-]-¶-P -kp-cbn kpμc

kpμ-cn-hm-cnt[ cma

Ipw`-Xp-f-kn-lm-c-cma

]mlnamw XXn-¥X

iyma-fm-a-e-¶- {Z ssie cmLhm . . . cma

hmk-hm-\pPw XtcWw

210

]c-a-cm-Lhm XXn-¥X

IukvXp-h-Z\ aRvPp-t\{X

kpμ-tc-izc a\ta . . . cma

]©-_m-W-tIm-afw

]c-a-[-\y-]m-lnamw

hmkp-tZh `h-Xn-hmk

hmk-hm-\pPw XXn-¥X

kma-amb koX-Z-WvU-P-K-Xm-ao-izcw cma

\mc-ZmZn tkhy-\-fn\ hc-Z-am-[hm . . cma

tKm]-th-j-\S\thWp Km\-]-S-etlm cma

`h hn\m-i-tZ-h- ua kuay-cm-Lhm . . . cma (ko-Xm-cma . . .)

2. cma-`-P-\-ta, cmP-tbm-K-sa‚ v

cmØncnw ]Iepw \n\-¥n-Sp-a-\ta

cma-s]-cpssa sim√n I\-I-a\w Ig¥v

cmta-iz-cn, Imta-izcn cmtaiw k¿Δw

Dt≠m C√tbm Pew F‚p≈ apd-¶n-Sm-a¬

I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°-th, ImWpta Cu a\ta . . .

Ip‰n-t]m-en-cp-¥p\os°mSpw, X]w sNbvI-th≠

]´n-Wn-bm-bvIn-S∂v ]in-°hpw th≠

]pSp°v a¨iq-a¥v kpIr-X-a-\p-a-Ingv¥v

Xn -ambv sim√p-In-td≥, {iocm-a-cm-a-F‚ v (cma- -P\ . . .)

A\p-_‘w 2 F 11 shfn-s®-Æ-°m-c≥ (s\-∑m-d-tZ-iw)

X\n-Øm\n X\n-Xm\n . . .X-\n-Øm-\n-X-\n-Øm\n

X\n-Øm\n X\n-Xm\n . . .X-\sX¥n-t∂m.

1. \ne-°-S-e-sb-Æ-bp-≠v, ae-°dn shbv°m≥ \∂v

IS-ap-dn-s®-Sp-Øm¬ ]e-Imcw Nps -Sp°mw.

F≈n-s∂-Sp-sØm-scÆ Ft≈mfw Ie¿∏n√

{]k-hn® s]Æp-߃°v {]k-cn-∏p-\¬Ip-s∂Æ

(-X-\n-Øm-\n -X-\n-Øm\n . . .)

sNdp-sIm- -°p-cp-Ø´n sNdnb Ip∏n-bn-em°n

koep-sh-®-Xn≥aosX kzkvXn-°n≥ te_-sem´n

Ip´n-Iƒ°n-sbÆ sImSp-Øm¬ XÆn-a-Ø≥ t]memIpw

hen-b-h¿°n-sb-Æ-sIm-Sp-Øm¬

hb-dn-fIn he-™p-t]mIpw (-X-\n-Øm-\n- X-\n-Øm\n . . .)

211

2. X\n-Øm\n X\n-Øm\n X\n-Xm-Xm\n X\n-Øm\n

X\n-Øm\n X\n-Øm\n . . . XØ-t¥mw-X[narssX

Ia-°p-]-d-™n-s´s∂ hg-°p-≠m-°n-bm¬ ]ns∂

FSp°pw IØn-bn-s∏m- Rm≥ CSp-∏n¬ \n∂v.

sIm√-t¶m- o∂v hmßnb F√ns‚ ]nSn-bmWv

sIm√m\pw aSn-°mØ ]l-b-\mWv Ø[n-ar-ssX.

Ø\n-Øm\n Ø\n-Øm\n . . .

IØn \√-I-Øn-bmWv am∏nf°Øn-bmWv

h°m-W-Øn\v h∂-hs‚ h[w Ign°pw (Xm-\n-Øm-\n-Ø-\n-Øm\n . . .)

A\p-_‘w 2 F 12 IqSm≥s]m-dm´v

hSn-Ø√v

tee-√-se-√-tee se√m-t]m-et√ G . . .

tee . . . . . ¥ssX-X-Xm.

H∂mw-X√pw ImWs´ ImWs´ apftbm G

H∂mw-X√pw ImWs´ ImWs´ apftbm

c-≠mw-X√pw ImWs´ ImWs´ apftbm G

c≠mw-X√pw ImWs´ ImWs´ apftbm ¥ssXX

]d-∂p-X√pw ImWs´ ImWs´ apftbm G

]d-∂p-X√pw ImWs´ ImWs´ apftbm ¥ssXX

FSpØp-X√pw ImWs´ ImWs´ apftbm G

FSpØp-X√pw ImWs´ ImWs´ apftbm ¥ssXX

X√n-t∑¬-X√pw ImWs´ ImWs´ apftbm G

X√n-t∑¬-X√pw ImWs´ ImWs´ apftbm ¥ssXX

A\p-_‘w 2 F 13 N°n-en-b≥ ˛ N°n-en®n

Fi¬

N°nen-b≥ ˛ I≠-h¿X-s∂bpw Ima-hn-Im-c-Øm¬

Isø-∏p-SnØv AssW-¥-hsf

I≈-Øcw D≈-hsf D≈-Øn\ºnShpw

Imcn-b-ta-XmSn sXm≠n-aps≠ Imcn-b-ta-XmSn

N°n-en®n ˛ apt≠sb‚pw sX√pw aqfn-\mtb bp∂psS

tamlw sIm≈pw s]¨Iƒ Zmkn-sbSm

Zmkn-bpsS Bssi-bn-\m¬ Imip-]-W-sa√mw t]mbv

212

I´n-®q-em-e-Sn-sIm-≠-ht\

N°n-en-b≥ ˛ sImt´-s\‚psim√pw, a´n-I-fp-tX-\nbpw

Iq´n-\m-bvt]mse Ipc-bm-sXSo

sI´n-\-h≥ Xss\-hn-´p-]-´n-I-sf-t]m-bn-Sp-hmbv

I≈n-IƒI-t≠m-Sn, hmb-a-\-¶ƒ

N°n-en®n ˛ a\-sa‚p-a-\-Xn¬ Icp-Xn-h-f¿Ø

Xoc-an-s√-bp-∂-\p-°v, hmb-ap-I-fn¬

aoi-X-ss\-\m-ip-h-\mse X≈n

a©ƒ ]qin-s°m-≈-th-W-saSm

N°n-en-b≥ ˛ th´p-h∂ kz¥w a∂s\ hn´p \o

thsd-sbmcp a∂s\ sXm -I≈o

I≠bp-S≥ aq°papsse sIm≠-bp-S≥ \mh-dpØv

sIm≈n-bm¬ NqSp-I≥ sht∏-\So

N°n-en®n ˛ Nq-Sp_° D¥≥ XmbvX-I-∏≥ h¥mepw

X´p-hm-Wn-ip-Ωm-sh-´m-sXSm

C„-ap-S≥ Bim Xs∂ sXm´p-ap´n ]nSnØp \o

F∂nSmw tNmZn \m≥ ]Sp-°Spw

N°n-en-b≥ ˛ ]√p-X´pw ]Sn sibvXn-Sth D¥≥

]m -\m¿ h¥mSp

BI-sXSo sNm√pw inh-hnjvWpshmSp

Cμn-c\pw N¥n-c-\pw, s]Æmse

sIt´≠n sXm≠n-apt≠

N°n-en®n ˛ aps≠-sb‚-psim√pw ap≈n-\mtb

bp∂psS taml-¶-fns¶ ]en-bm-sXSm

]≠p-tZ-h-bm\n IN-\p-Sb Imc-W-Øm¬

sI´p-t]m\ IssX tI´p-∏m-cv.

A\p-_‘w 2 F 14 Iq´-®-°n-en-b≥

1. X\ss\ X\-\mt\m kzman . . .

X\ss\ X\-\mt\m kzman . . .

ap¥n-]p-d-¥-h≥ \m\-√tbm kzman,

apX-em\tiIp-h≥ \m\√ thm.

BZn°v ]nd-¥-h≥ \m\-√thm kzman

B\-μ-i-°n-en-b≥ \m\-√thm

timXn-h-≈p-h≥ \m\-√thm

]d-®n-s]‰p ]¥n-cp-Ip-e-ambv

213

]Ip-sØ-Sp-ØXpw \m\√thm

ap≥Ip-Sp-ssa-in-ssh-Øv, ]n≥Ip-Spssa insshØv

]qWq¬ [cn-Ø-h≥ \m\-√thm kzman,

]pÆn-b-hm-f≥ \m\-√thm . . .

\mep-th-Z-߃ F∂n-S-Øn¬ kzman,

Bdp-im-Øncw F¶-fnSw . . .

X\-ss\-X-\-X-\-\-\-t\m-kzman

X\-ss\-X-\-X-\-\-\-t\m-kzman . . . (a-™-fq¿ tZiw)

2. ap¥n-]p-d-¥Xp F¶-Ipew ˛ apX¬ab-bmbv

]qWq¬ [cn-ØXpsa¶-Ipew

imXnsb ]Xn-s\´m ]Ip-Ø-Xp-sa-¶-Ipew

hoc-iq-c≥ s]m©m-Xntb Ah-am\w ImØXp sa¶-Ipe

D¶ƒIp-e-Øp-s°√msa¶¬Ipew

HmXn-b-\qepw s]mtø, DS-ep-bn¿Xm\pw s]mtø

imXnbpw H‚p-XmIpw iI-ehpw thXmta

thZn-b¿ hr≤-sc√mw hn[n-X-∂n¬ hnf-º-emtam?

]mXn-tbm¿ ]c-a-kq£vaw ]m®-tem¿{K-am-Ømtc

Cc-≠p-]-\-bnepw Ht‚ sNmtf . . .

Cc-≠nepw Xs‚ I≈v Adn-hm¿

\nss\-tØm¿s°√mw AXphpw I≈n-Xphpw I≈p

Hcp Ipew si¥-tX-Xv, Hcp Ipew Xmgv¥-tXXv

]d-b-t\, ]d-bn-sb‚p ]m®n-tem¿{Km-a-tØmtc (s\-∑m-d-tZ-iw)

A\p-_‘w 2 F 15 ae-b¿

]nWn-sbm-gn-°¬

sN´n-aq-∏≥ ] -Wmtc Cub¬∏mSv . . . \Ω

IÆ-tΩse ]nWn-sbm-gn-hm≥ Fgp¥ ]mhmS safp-¥ncv

Ip¥m-Wn-aq-∏≥, ] -Wmtc Cb¬∏mSv ˛ \Ω

IÆ-tΩse ]nWn-sbm-gn-hm≥ Fgp-¥-]m-h-S-sa-fp-¥ncv

X°nSn aq∏≥ ] -Wmtc Cb¬]mSv \Ω

IÆ-tΩse ]nWn-sbm-gn-hm≥ Fgp¥ ]mhSsafp¥ncv

De-°-aq-∏≥ ] -Wmtc Cb¬]mSv ˛ \Ω

IÆ-tΩse ]nWn-sbm-gn-hm≥ Fgp¥ ]mh-S-sa-fp-¥ncv

ASp-Øn-cn-°p∂ s]m -Ø-htf Cb¬]mSv

IÆ-tΩse ]nWn-sbm-gn-hm≥ Ffp-¥-]m-hSsafp-¥ncv

214

A\p-_‘w 2 F 16 th´ph-°-W-°¿ (]-√m-hq¿tZ-iw)

N{Iw-N-hn-´¬ ]m´v

XntØmw XntØmw ssXØntXmw

XmX-cn-InS sXbvØntØmw

N°-d-sam∂p Nhn-t -≠-tø, XmbvsX-bvsXbv ssXØntØmw

sImßn¬ ag-s]-bvXp, ]pg-bn¬ sh≈w h∂p,

XmssX-bvssX-bvssX-ØntXmw

]pg-I-S-∏m-\m-h-Xn-√-tø ˛ Xmb-sX-øvssXbv sXbvØntXmw

AS-°m-sØm-≠p-sIm≠p tXmWn-bp-≠m-°n,

tXmWn-Xp-g-bm≥ Xpg-t]m-ep-an-√tø . . .

Nma-ssh-t°m¬ Xpg-t]m-em°n . . .

H∂p-Xp-g™p tXmWn-bn-fIn . . .

c≠p Xpg™p \Sp-hnepw sN∂p . . .

aq∂p Xpg™p adp-Ic tIdn . . .

XntØmw XntØmw ssXØntXmw

XmX-cn-InS ssXbvØntØmw . . .

215

A\p-_‘w 3 F.

hmWm°v

3 F. 1 Nn{Xm-imcn (]-√-»\-tZ-iw)

Nn{Xm:˛ C\n \nßsS Iønev F¥v ac-s≠s‚ aqØ-Ωtf

tNmZyw:˛ tX°p≠v

Bim:˛ tX°p tXßn-t∏mIpw

tNmZy:-˛ acp-Xp≠v

Bim:˛ acpXv aßn-t∏mIpw

tNmZy:- ho´n-bp-≠v.

Bim:˛ ho´n ho´n-\mIm

tNmZy:˛ Im™n-c-a-c-ap≠v

Bim:˛ (Im™ncw Ibv°pw F∂p ]d™v ac-imkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂p.)

FS-e-Np-Se-bv°m-Im, Im™ncw Igp-In-\m-Im, sht¥°v hnd-In-\m-Im.

Fs¥s‚ aqØ-Ω-sf, aqØ-∑-fn-s\-t∏mse hgp-°-s\, sImgp-°-s\, X≠p-

t]m-se, XSn-t]mse \√-X-c-ap-≠v. AXns\ Ccp-a-gp-sIm≠v sh´n, Cucv hmfn v,

Cu¿∂v K-h-Xn-°p-f-Øn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-bn´v aq∂mw-]°w Ipºnfpw sIm≠p-

sN-∂m¬ th≠pw hgn-°p-h-cpw.

A\p-_‘w 3 F 2. H‰-®-°n-en-b≥ hmWm-°v (]√-»-\tZiw)

N°n-en-b≥

“A¥-th-f-bnse ]cm-]-c-ambsX‚p]-c-{_“w X∂p-S-b-X-em-Xew ]S-

Øm¬, Xm≥ X\n-bmsI \n‚-cp-fn-\m¬ AXv F∏Sn F‚m¬

]cm-]-c-Øn¬]cw tXm‚n, ]c-Øn¬inh≥ tXm‚n, inh-\n¬i‡n

tXm‚n, i‡n-bn¬ ]pØn-tXm‚n, ]pØn-bn¬ ]qXmhntXm‚n, ]qXm-hn¬

hnμp-tXm‚n, hnμp-hn¬ hmbp-tXm‚n, hmbp-hn¬ BImiw tXm‚n, BIm-

i-Øn¬ FdhntXm‚n, Fd-hn-bn¬ ]nd-hn-tXm‚n, ]nd-hn-bn¬ ]£n-tXm‚n,

]£n-bn¬ A∂w-tXm‚n, A∂-Øn¬ ckw-tXm‚n, ck-Øn¬ ip¢w tXm‚n,

ip¢-Øn¬ timWnXw tXm‚n, timWn-X-Øn≥ \Spsh Hcp Npgn-bp-≠m-bv,

sabv {]am-W-sa‚ v, Hcp Zzmc-hpw, A©v ]fl-hpw, HºXv \h-Zzm-c-hpw, Bdv

B[m-chpw IqSn Ccp-°dXn\mse BI-s∏´ A¥N-°n-enb-I- -bnse h∂p

]nd-¥n-cp-°p-Xøm kzmao.”

216

A\p-_‘w 3 F 3. H‰-∏-d-b≥ hmWm°v tNcm-aw-Kew tZiw

“]rYzn, A∏p, tXbp, hmbp, BIm-iw, F¶n-d-]-©- q-X-Øn-\mse Hcp

hoSmsI ]Sp-Øp-sh-°p-døm kzman. A¥-ho- p-°p-≈msI ]cwtPymXn-bm-

bv, ]c-am-flm-hm-bv, ]c-{_-“-am-bn-cn-°-s∏-´, ]c-a-in-h-s\, \n\-bm-a¬ amXr-

l-Øn, inip-l-Øn, {_“-l-Øn, ]ip-l-Øn, Kpcp-lØn F¶nd At\I

hn[n ]Xm-I-¶sf sNøp-d-t]¿I-fmbv Cuiz-c-\n-μn-X-cm-bv, ]cm-[-\-lm-cn-I-

fmbv kzman t{Zml-X-ev]-c-cm-bv, Ak-Xy-hm-Zn-I-fmbv Ah-c, Ah-cpsS PmXym-

Nm-c-[¿Ω-ßsf \nc-kn°pw t]¿Ifmbv, amwk-hn-{Ibw apX-em\ At\-I-

hn[ ]mX-I-ß-sf, sNøp-d-t]¿I-sf√mw I¿Ω NWvUm-f¿ BIn-d-Xv, C¥-

Xo-≠-em-I-s]- -Xv, A¥ I¿Ω NWvUm-f¿°√m-a¬ PmXn-bn¬ ]d-sb-s\‚ v

sNm√-s∏´ F\°v Xo≠¬ shØn- n-√øm kzmao.

A\p-_‘w 3 F 4 H‰∏qimcn hmWm°v (]p-Xn-bm¶w tZiw)

]qimcn:˛ C¥- q-an-bn-te-ta-te-gp-tem-Iw, IotghptemIw C∏Sn Cutcgp ]Xn-

∂m-ep-tem-I-an-cp-°p-Xøm kzman. Iotg-gp-tem-I-am-\-Xv, AXew, hnX-ew,

kpX-ew, \nX-ew, ckm-X-ew, Xem-X-ew. C∏Sn Iotg-gp-tem-I-an-cp-°p-X-øm-

kzm-ao, tate-gp-temIam\Xv ]qtemIw, ]phn-h¿tem-Iw, Xa-tem-Iw, ba-

tem-Iw, inh-tem-Iw, kXytemIw, alm-tem-Iw, F‚p-iu-√-s∏´ tate-gp-

tem-I-Ønse {]am-W-am-I-s∏´ \mep-Znssi Ccp-°-X-øm-kzm-an. . .

sa°pZnssi, Ing-°p-Zn-ssi, sX°p-Zn-ssi, hS-°p-Zn-ssi, C∏-Sn-\m-ep-Zn-i-

bp-≈m-sI, \mep-]-c-tZ-h-X-I-tfbpw bm≥ hW¶n h¥n-cn-°-X-øm. . .kzmao.

tNm: ˛ AssS \o¶-fmcv?

]qimcn:- F¶sf ]mØm sXcn-bmXm kzman, DSp-]pS A¶-cm∏v ]m¿Øm¬

sXcn-bm-Xm-kzman, Xe-bnse BØmƒIpw`w ]m-Øm-sX-cn-bmXm kzmao?

s\‰n-bnse \masØ ]mØm sXcn-bmXm kzmao. . . Iønse inØp-Sp°v

]mØm sXcn-bmXm kzmao . . . \m¶-sf‚m¬ \mKq-cv, \mK-]- Ww, in∂-]-

-Ww, s]cn-b-]- -Ww, DuØp-°p-Sn, s]m≈m®n, AXv°pw s]cnb B\m-a-e-

bn-en-cn°pw, \√-Xºn ]qimcn aI≥ IqS-W¶n ]qimcn Aøm kzmao . . .

A\p-_‘w 3 F 5 H‰-am-∏nf hmWm°v

kl-≈m, \∑s≠ ]®-sØm-∏nbpw, sh≈p-dp-amepw ap∂n- -]-cn-i-bpw,

imbv]≥hm-fpw, a√p-ap-≠pw, \sΩbpw IqSn I≠m¬ Adn-™q-sS‚-ß-tf,

RΩƒ C…mw am¿§-Øn¬ sPmt\mcm-Ip-∂‚-ß-sf, RΩ t]mcp-∂Xv sX°v

217

sX°v a°-Øn-∂m-Ip-∂-s‚-ß-sf, kl-≈m, ]Sn-™mdp ]Sn-™m-dp, hmf-bm-

‰n-∂m-Ip-∂‚-ß-tf, Inb-°p, Inb°p s]m∂m-bv°-∂m-Ip-∂‚-ß-sf, kl-

≈, aZo-\-bn¬ \n∂p t\m°n-bm¬ a°w Fhn-sS-bm-Ip-∂-s‚-ß-sf, k-l≈,

\oe-Kn-cn-a-e-bn¬ \n∂p t\m°n-bm¬ a°w FhnsSbmIp-∂‚-ß-tf, kl-

≈, hmf-bmdv Fhn-sS-bm-Ip‚-ß-sf, kl-≈, tImb-ºØqcn∂p t\m°nbm¬

hmf-bmdp Fhn-sS-bm-Ip-∂-s‚-ßsf kl-≈. \∑fpw \nß-fp-am-bn v Hcp mjm-

t -Z-a-√msX t`Z-t -Z-an-√-s‚-ßsf. Rßm-am¿§-Øn¬ DΩ F∂p ]d-bpw. \nßm-

am¿§-Øn¬ tPjvT≥ F∂p ]d-bpw, Rßm am¿§-Øn¬ Im° F∂p-]-d-

bpw. \nßm-am¿§-Øn¬ AΩ F∂p ]d-bpw. Cßs\ Hcp `mjm-t -Z-a-

√msX, t`Zm-t -Z-an-√-s‚-ßsf kl-f-f. {_m“-Wcv F∂p sh®p Ign-™m¬

Ah-cmcm Ip∂ps‚ßtf, kl≈ \nßs≠ {_m“-W¿°p thZ-ap-s≠-¶n¬,

RΩƒ°p Hm p-s≠s‚ßtf, ]qWq¬s°me F∂p ]d-bp∂ sImev

\Ωs≠ \mep-tIm-en-t∑-tX, GXm-Ip∂s‚-ß-sf, Xm∂o-s°m-ev, s]m∂m-

bv°≥ tImev, Xpfm-t°m-e, ]me-°m-S≥ tImen∂p aosX GXmIp∂-s‚-ß-

sf, sImev kl-≈. ]cp-Øn-sIm-≠v, te v aq∂n-g-]q-Wq¬ C´ ] -c-»≥amsc

I≠maq∂p I≠-∏mSw hgn-hn-e-ßn-bm¬ kl≈m \Ω-s≠-in-°-∑mcv Inb°v

Ccp-]-Xp- m-cw, ap∏-Xp- m-cw, \mev]-Xp- m-cw, \q¬s]m-Xn-]n-Sn®v hcp∂, in¿°-

∑msc I≠p Ign-™m¬ F{X I≠-∏mSv hgn-hn-e-ß-Wsas‚ß-sf. Ahcv

alm-s]-cn-b-h¿, s]cn-b-h-cm-Ip-s∂‚ßsf kl-≈m. iq{Zcpw \Ωfpambn´p,

hbdpw apXpIpw t]me-√msX thsd H∂p-an-√‚ßsf.

A\p-_‘w 3 F 6 Iq´∏-d-b¿

hmWm°v

tNmZy°mc≥:˛ “thZm¥]d-b-\m-\-Xn-\mse PmXn-ap-d-sa-sNm-∂Xv sdmºhpw

\√-Xmbv t]m®v. A¥-K¿t`m-ev]m-Z-\hpw sNm√n-hm-]m¿°pSpw?”

]d-b¿:˛ sicn-sNm-√n-hm-td≥. A¥-ap≈ Kpcp-hn-\nSw Iaew t]m‰n As∂-

X-¥-C-cp-hcpw Xm\-\p- -hn°v X¥n-c-ambv CcpƒX-∂nse AWbpw t]mXv

[mXp-hn-μp-aq-e-aXn Fgp¥v hmdmbv F¥ Dbn¿t]m‚-sX¥p shdp-ºn-\ms≠

CSp-º-sc√mw \o ]d-b-sc‚p X≈n-\m¬ Im◊¥ hgn t]m\-hgn Cc≠pw

ImsW-sb≥ hI-b-dn-bm-sim-√-tI-fm-bv.

“kzman, kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j-\p-amsI kwtbmKw sNø-d-th-f-bnse

kv{XobpsS CS-Øp-hiw 16 AwKpew H´p-In-d-t]mXv K¿`w [cn-Øm¬ BWm-

Ihpw amdn H´p-In-d-t]mXv K¿`w [cn-Øm¬ s]Æm-Ihpw C∏-Sn°v H‚mw

amk-Øn¬ FÆbpw XÆo-cp-am-I-sIm-≠pw, Cc≠mw amk-Øn¬ AXv

H‚mItNc-hpw, aq‚mw-amkw ap -cq-]-am-Ihpw \memw-am-k-Øn¬ \m≥ NXp-

218

c-am-sI, Dcp-≠n-cp-¥pw, A©mw amk-Øn¬ apJw Xe-c-am-Zn-Iƒ D≠m-I-

hpw. Ggmw-am-k-Øn¬ Xz°v tcmam-Zn-Iƒ XnI-¥pw, F´mw amk-Øn¬

Xmbm-sc-dn¥ Ipssd A∂w XÆo¿ D®n-h-gn-bm-bn-d-¶-hpw, HºXmw amk-

Øn¬ kzman Ipºn-]mX \K-c-Ønse Ccp¥v shfnsb X≈n-X-c-W-sa‚ v

{_“-tZ-hsc IpdnØv IpdnØv X]w sNbhpw, ]Ømw-am-k-Øn¬ ]ØpZn\w,

]Øp-\m-gnI ]Øp-hn-\m-gnI s]m¶n t]mXp K¿ -Ønte Ccp¥v qan-Z¿i\w

BIn-d-Xøm kzman.

tNm˛ AssS Ip∏p-kzman, K¿ -Ønse Ccp¥v PmX-\m-In-d-X -apssd F∏Sn?

D˛ Fep-ºn-\m¬ IqSpw-sI´n Fd-®n-bm¬ H -sshØv Rc-ºn-\m¬ hcp-¥p-

s°´n \\-b-sh-cp-Zn\w tN¿Øn ]gp-Xd tXmem¬ aqSn ]‰sh tcmaw ss\Øp

hcp-Ind ]S-e-Øn-°p-h-I-tbXp PmXn-tbXp kzman.

tNm˛ AssS Ip∏p-kzman, {_“, £{Xn-b, sshiy, iq{Z \m¶p-hI PmXnsb

Xhsd Iotgm -´p -] -d -b≥, N°n -en -b≥, apX-em\ t]¿Iƒ C¥

Ducp°pss≈h-¥m¬ C¥ ae-bmfw Iogvta-em-bn-t]mbv hoSpw.

DØcw ˛ kzman AXp°pw Hcp H∏v sim√n-hm-td≥ {_“Ipe thZn-b-cmbv

]nd-¥m¿ tImSn s]cp-a-bp≈ £{Xn-b-cmbv ]nd-¥m¿ tImgn-Xn-d-am\ sshiy-

cmbv ]nd-¥m¿ tImgn sXfn-hm-\-iq-c-Øn-c-cmbv ]nd-¥m¿, tImSn D¬]m-Zn-

bn¬ \m¶p-h-I-bmbv ]nd-¥m¿tIm-Sn, D≈p C¥p-]-cm-a¿ X≈n-\m¿ImWpw

Bs\cpfm¬k` \nd¥ B≠-∑msc PmXn-Ipew Dssc-sN-bvX-sX. kzman!

{_“m-\m-\-h¿ Hcp sImih \mI-Øm-\-hpw, \º-c°w apX-em-hXp XÆn-

a-Æp-I-fm-sI-Øms\ BIn-d-Xpw, XÆn F¶nd c‡sØ t]m´v Ipfn-∏nØv

i¿°c°Æn F¶n-d-am-bn-I-bnse t]m´v XncpØn i´n a\-b-dm¬ t]m¬a-\-

b-hpw, H‚mw \mfn¬ HW-°-sh-°hpw adp-\m-fn¬ AsX-bpw, IesØ t]m -

sb-X-≈n \nd-Øp°v Imhn-bm¬ ]qin-t]m-Shpw adp-\m-fn¬ lrZ-b-am-\-Nq-f-

bnse thI-sh-°-hpw, AXp-°n≥ Iosg s\cp-∏nse Z∏n-iw-]Æn A¥ Z∏n-

i-Øn-\p-Sb Bhn-bn-Xmse C¥-I- bpw the-sN-øn-td≥ kzman. At∏mXp

A¥I- bnse Hcp ]mss´ sI´n BS-td≥ kzman.

tNm˛ BSnhm ]m¿°´pw

DS-se-\-ºmsX a\sa Dbn-sc-\-ºm-sX,

DSepw Dbncpw iXbpw Rcºpw

sImfØv ]pfpØ ]gpØ Rcºpw

Cμn-cbpw ae-aq-Ønc Zp¿§‘w

\nd-¥-]m-Øncw ]e-\m¿]m-Spw.

(D-S-se-\-ºm-sX)

219

A\p-_‘w 3 F 7 H‰-®-°n-en-b≥ (s\-∑m-d-tZ-iw)

hmWm°v

N°n-en-b≥: ˛ B\m¬kzm-an, ]qXw BbvXp ]pe-ss\-¥p, I¿tΩ-{μn-b-Xm-

ssa-¥p, ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ssa-¥p, IcWw \mep, [mXp Ggv

KpWw A©v, hncmKw \mev, hmbp ]Øp, aWvUew aq‚p,

B[mcw Bdp, hmi¬ Hº-Xp, Ahÿ A©p \mSn-]Øp,

Adnhv H‚ v, ib\w Abv¥p, C∏Sn bmIp-a-øm-kzm-an.

tNmZy:- ˛ A∏-sd-i-∂m¬ ]ØmXp hnh-c-ambn si√n-s°m-Sp° thWw.

N°n: ˛ B\m¬kzm-an, XØz-Øn-\p-S-b-s]-cp-a-sb-sim√ns°mSp-°p-sd-\øm

kzman, ]qXw F‚-Xp-]r-Yzn, A∏p, tXmbw, hmbp, BImiw s]mcn-

sb‚Xp hm°v, ]mWn, ]Zw, ⁄mt\-{μn-b-sa‚-Xp, t{im{Xw, N£p,

Pnlzm {KmWw, Ic-W-sa‚-Xp, CS-I-e-]nw-K-e, Npjp-av\, IpWvU-en,

B\-μn, hnk¿§n, hmkp-In, aew F‚-Xv, BW-hw, amssb,

ImanbmsI, hncm-K-sa‚Xp aμw, Xo{hw, Xo{h-X-cw, Nn∂m-©p, hmbp

F‚Xp \mK≥, Iq¿Ω≥, XrI-e≥, ssZh-Z-Ø≥, [\-RvP-b≥,

{]mW≥, A]m-\≥, kam-\≥, Dlp-Zm-\≥, Zm\p-hym-\≥, aWvU-e-

sa‚-Xp, A·n-a-WvU-ew, kqcy-a-WvU-ew, N{μ-a-WvU-ew, hmbp-

a-WvUew, B[m-c-sa‚Xp aqem-[m-cw, km[n-jvTm\w, aWn-]q-cIw A\m-

l-Xw, B⁄, hnip-≤n, hm¬k F‚Xp IÆp-c-≠p, sNhn-c-≠p,

aq°p-c-≠p, hmb, KpZw, enwKw, AhkvYF‚-Xp, Pm{K, kz]v\,

kpjp]vXn Xpeyw, Xpeym-XoXw \mSn-F‚Xp ]n≥Ie (]nw-K-e), B_m-

ln-I, {Kmln, IpWvU-en, N{μ-°-e, AarX t`mPn-\n, hoWm¿N-{μ-ap-

ln-\n, h¿Æ-sa‚-Xp, {_m“, £{Xn-b, sshiy, iq{Z, Adn-shm‚Xp

⁄m\w, tImiw, F‚Xp ]Izm-i-bw, Bam-i-bw, Pem-i-bw, C∏-Sn,

sXmÆq-‰m-dp-X-Xz-ß-tfm-Sn-cn-°nd ]nWvU-sØ-t°m, ip¢-Øp-t°m,

t{imWn-X-Øq-t°m, Aÿns°m CXp-s°√mw A[n-jvTm-\- q-X-\m

-bn-cn-°d KpU-ÿ-\p-t°m, FXp° Xo≠¬ F‚p-sim-√n-c-øm-kzman.

tNm ˛ AssS \o s]cn-b-h¿Xm≥

A\p-_‘w 3 F 8 Iq -∏q-imcn (K-W-]-Xn-bpsS P\-\w)

Nq¿ÆnI

B\m¬ kzman Bdm-bn-cn-°-s∏-´-hn-b¬, hnb¬ KwKsb PSm-a-Ip-S-

Ønse [cnØv X]vX Im©\ Im¥nbpw Ifbpw kpK-‘-Xn-cp-ta-\nbpw,

_me-N-{μm-X-c-tim-WnX PSm-a-Ip-Sm¥ kw -cnX hnb¬ KwKsb ]cn-th-„n-

X-am-bn-cn-°nd I_cn `mc-hpw,-]p-c-h-t°m-XWvU a≤y-ÿ-cnX Iev]m¥ \m

220

temPz-en-X-t\-t{Xm¬ ]e k¬_me _mteμp {]tZ-ihpw, IÆm-¥m-{inX

hnime hne-k¬ kqcy-tkm-am-{inXrt\{X-ß-fpw, Nnc-¥-sN-º-I, {]kq\

{]`m-h-Sn-h-W¶pw \mkm-Z-WvU-hn-cm-Nn-Xhpw, ZWvU-a-WvU-em-Z¿i hne-k¬

kz¿Æ-h¿Æ k¿∏-Ip-WvU-em-bp-K- -bpw. Imf-Iq-S-i-c-fm-¶nXKem¬ Aew-

IrX `qjW Kf-Im-¥n-bpw, Nn∑p-J-tcm-am-hen hncm-N-ho-cy-{io-Kmw- o-cy-kz-

`m-hhpw lcn-W-`‡n ISvK ItTm-c-tIm-XWvU Nc-I-]-S-e-iq-em-bp[ Xc-

¶m-f-\-I-c-¶-fpw, ]m¿ΔXnkhns[ hma- m-K-hn-e-kmhpw h£-ÿ-em-teme\K-

X-lp-j-alm-]fl IrI-e-IrjvW k¿∏m-Zy-A-t\I \mKm-`-c-W-tim-`-bpw,

ISn-{]-tZ-iw, Ien-X-im¿±qe N¿Ω-Zn-hy-hr-Xm-eº ^WnKtWi-X-Im-©nX

\q]-c-a-t\m-⁄-hpw, tla-I-Z-fnbpw Kf-]-cn- m-hn-X¶fmbncn°pw Ducp-°-fpw,

hym{L]Z-]m-W\n ]Z-RvPen KPm-\-\, jTm-X-X, Aan-X-]-X-]m-Z-I-S-tIm-

ZypX Ne-N-enX ]©-e-[z\n at\m-l-chpw ]fl-cm-K-ap-I-cm-I¿ \ocp-Sp-Øm-

\, P-m\p°fpw, Ac-hn-μ-A-tim-I-Nq-X-am-e-Xn-kv\n-Kv≤]pjv]_mtWm¬]Xn

Zm\w-K-tXm-Woc iw¶m¶ tcmZm-\-\-fn-\-Pw-¶-K-fpw, Iaw-I¿°n-SI ]p„m-I-

c-Kp¬^-kvX-\-ßfpw ]mh-\m-i-X-I-c-¶-fm-X-]m-Zm-c-hn-μ-ß-fpw, C∏-Sn-]m-Zm-

Zn-tI-im¥w k¿Δ-em-h-Wy-kz-cq-]-\mbv ivaim-\-Zq-fn-X-cmbv ivaim\ \S-\-

{]n-b-cmbv Kc-fm-K-f-hn-cm-Nn-X-cm-bv, KwKm-Im-ap-I-cmbv Aep°pw Xpºbpw

Nmºepw [cØv Aÿn-am-e-bp-S¬ Aÿn-N¿Ω-[r-X-cmbv A¿≤-\m-co-iz-c-

cmbv, A`n-tj-I-{]n-b-cm-bv, A¥-Im-¥-I-cm-bv, ssIem-km¥ \nhm-k-cm-bv,

\μn, Z¥n, alm-Im-fn, Iqfn, NWvU, apWvU, Ipt≠m-X-c, Ipwt_m-X-c,

atlm-Z-c, hoc-`-{Z, Iqc-`-{Z, `rwKn, `rwKo-c-Sn, Ic-Sn, I≠m-I-cW kwtZ-i-{]-

`rXn `qX-K-W-ß-f-Xn-\m¬ A\-h-c-X, ]cn-tk-hn-X-am-bn-cn-°n-d, {io]-c-ta-

izc kzman-bm-\-h¿ Hcp \mf°v h\-{Io-U-sN-tøWsa‚ v X≥ a\-Xnse

\n\Øv aμm-c, ameqc, I¿Æn-Im-c, knμp-hm-c, tImhn-Zm-c, I¿÷q-c, PΩn

cmPw-Kq, \nw`p, IZw-t`m, Zº-I-km-e, ckm-e, Xam-e, Xt°m-e, ln¥m-e,

\mfn-tI-c, IZ-fn, {Iap-I, amX-ß, eh-ßn, _Z-cn, sNº-I, Atim-I, a[q-

I, Ipcp-N-μ-\-\m-K, ]p∂m-K, Iqh-fw, Icp-h-Iw, aμ-hIw tImc, {Zm£, ]\-

k-a-√n-I, ame-Xn, am[hn, eX, tim`m-bvam-X, ]pjv]n-X, ÿen-X, efn-X,

hnhn[ h\-Zp¿hm-SnI a≤y{]tZ-i-ßfpw, sN‚nhnf-bmSw ]Xv, aØ-K-P-am-

bn-cn-°n-d, B\ ]pW¿Δsb I≠v tamlnØv \ap°pw CXp-t]m¬ B\-h-

Sn-hn-sb, FSpØv hnf-bm-Sd thW-sa‚ v, KwK-bpw, sIm‰-bpw, Xpº-bpw,

_me-N-{μ-t\bpw, PS-bn¬ [cn-Øp, {io]-c-ta-iz-c-kzm-an-bm-\-h¿, ]m¿Δ-Xn-

tZ-hn-bp-S≥ Acp-f-hpw, At∏mXp {io]m¿ΔXn tZhn Hcp ]nSn-bm-hpw, {io]-

c-ta-iz-c-kzm-an-bm-\-h¿ Hcp sImº-\m-I-hpw, B\-bpw, ]nSn-bp-amsI hnf-bm-

S-d-t]mXv A∂°v ]nd-¥n- m¿ KW-]Xn . . .

221

A\p-_‘w 3 F. 9 X≈-s®-dpan hmWm°v

sNdpan ˛ apØ∏m . . . hnSn Bcp-tey-∂v.

tNmZy ˛ Rm≥ Chn-sS-≠v, \mbm-cm-WΩm

sNdpan ˛ ASn-®-Sn®v sImb≠n apØ∏m . .

\n߃°v Fs∂ I≠n v a\- n-em-bnt√

tNmZy ˛ FhntSym I≠n- p-≠t√m

sNdpan ˛ Bhq, apØ∏m . . . Rm\v h∂v sNdp-XmWv apØ∏m

tNmZy ˛ GXv sNdpXv F\n-°nt∏m sNdp-Xn-t\-a-\- n-em-bn-eytem

sNdpan ˛ apØ∏m C∏ \n߃°v Fs∂ a\- n-em-hn-√,

F\n°p hb- m-bnt√

tNmZy ˛ sNdp-∏-°m-cym-tW¬ a\- n-em-tbs\

sNdpan ˛ Rm\t√ apØ-∏m, \mbvsN-dp-as‚ sIt´ymfv

tNmZy ˛ \ns‚ t]sc-¥m-WΩm?

sNdpan ˛ sh≈-®n-tb. . . \nßsS ]gb sh≈n®n

tNmZy ˛ Hm \ΩpsS sh≈®n

sNdpan ˛ Rm\nt∏m ]gb sh≈-®n-b√ apØ-∏m.

A\p-_‘w 3 F. 10 Nmen-Sm≥ (a-™-fq¿tZ-iw)

(h- -°-fn-°p-tijw s]mdm- p-Iƒ°p apºv KW-]-Xn-]q-Pbv°p th≠n D≠m-

°nb Hcp-s]m-cm- m-Wv. \mb¿ Imc-W-h¿ BWv Nmen-Sm≥ s]mdm- v)

\nd-tbm, \nd, \nd F∂n-ßs\ \nd®psIm≠v he-Xp-Im¬sh®v ]¥-en¬ {]th-

in-°p-∂p. aq∂p-{]-Z-£nWw sh°p-∂p. tNmZy-°m¿ CS-s]-Sp-∂p.

tNmZy:FtSm Xm\o hnjp-I-gn™ cmhnse \m´n¬ ]Xn-hn-√mØhn[w \nd-

®p-sIm≠phcp-∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w a\- n-em-bn-√. Xs∂-t∏m-semcp hnÕn-

sb-I-≠n- n-√. Xm≥ Bcm-Wv.

C´nt°mc∏≥ : Fs∂ \n\°v a\- n-em-bn-√t√. C´n-t°m-c-∏≥\mb¿

\mb¿ F∂p tI´n- nt√ At±-l-amWv Ct±lw

(am-dn¬ X´n-]-d-bp-∂p)

tNmZy : Hmtlm! Bsf a\- n-embn

C´n : F¥tSm Xm≥ hnUvVn-sb∂pw a‰pw hIn-Xn-cn-hn-√msX

kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

tNmZy : Chn-S-ß-fn¬ km[m-cW I¿°n-S-hm-hp-I-gn™ tij-amWv

\nd-bv°m-dp-≈-Xv. hnjp-I-gn™ Znhkw cmhnse \√

kabw t\m°n hnØn-d-ØpIbmWv ]Xn-hv. AXn-\m-Zy-

222

ambn KW-]-Xn-]qP thWw.

C´n : F∂m¬ Aß-s\-bm-I-s´.

(]q-P-sN-øp-∂p. CXn-\n-Sbv°v kw`m-j-W-ß-fp-≠v.)

tNmZy : C\n hnØn-d-°Ww

C´n : AXn\p I∂p-]q- o- pt≠m

tNmZy : FtSm \√ ]qh-ep≠v Ct∏m ]q´n-°-fbpw

C´n : AXn-s\-¥m-tSm-hgn

tNmZy : FtSm Icn-\p-Iw, I∂v F√mw Dt≠m?

C´n : F√mw D≠tSm?

tNmZy : \mcm . . . ]qbv \mcm . . .

(\m-cm≥ F∂ s\m≠n Icnbpw \pIhpw sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p)

\mcm : X{ºmt\! HmWw X∂n-e -an-gp -X-∂oe

tNmZy : FSm F√mw H∂m-bn-Ø-cmw, sImø-s´.

C´n : FtSm-I-s∂-hn-sS,

tNmZy : CXmtSm Cs∏m-sIm-≠p-hcpw

NmØm, tImcm, \ΩpsS s\‰o-sa-®qt´yw hmen-t∑¬ sImSn-

®ow, B´n-s°m-≠p-hm, ]yqbv (c-≠p-t]¿ Xeßpw hneßpw

ssIIp-Øn-\n∂v Cf-In-s°m≠v \n¬°p-∂p. \pIw sh°p-

tºmƒ InS-°p-∂p. Ce-Ømfw i–n-∏n®v \S-Øp-∂p)

C´n : FtSm Dg-sh-ßs\

tNmZy : \∂m-bn- p-≠v, C\n-hn-Øn-d-°mw. (C- n-t°m-c-∏≥ \mb¿

hnØp hnX-bv°p-∂p)

A\p-_‘w 3 F. 11 Iq -s®-dp-a-°ƒ hmWm°v

(sN-dp-a-°ƒ Iqhp-∂p)

tNmZy : Bcm-≠-hnsS? Im°-°q- -Øn¬ I√n -t∏mse. _l-f-ap-≠m°n

hcW \nß-fm-cmWv?

sNdp : Rß Rßtey

tNmZy : \nß-fn-ß-s\-]-d-™m¬ ]‰n-√. \nßsfhnS-Øp-°m-cm-sW∂p

]d-b-Ww.

sNdp : ]o™mdv ]o™mdv Im™n-°pfw I√n-S-t°mSv Imcy-°m-c≥ Xºp

-cms‚ ]´ose sNdp-a-°-fm-W-t√.

tNmZy : \nß-sf-¥n\m Ctßm- p-h-∂Xv?

sNdp : sIgv°-∂p-es° thtew, shSow, IqØpw IpΩm- ow, I≈pw, ]p≈ow

D≈ \mSm-sW∂v tI v IpØn-Øn-cn-®n-ßp-t]mtcz

223

tNmZy : \nß-fn-hnsS h∂n-t√, ChnsS \n∂v ]Wn tXmfpt≠z?

sNdp : \nßs‚hnsS Fs¥m-s°-bmWv ]Wn?

tNmZy : ChnsS Irjn-∏-Wo≠v. AXn-\p-∏p-d-ta-]-\-bn¬ tIdn ] -sh- -Ww,

]cp-hm-bn¬t°dn-ap≈p IS-b-Ww. Cu ]Wn-sbm-s°-bp-≠v.

sNdp : FSm NmØ-°m, ]\-bn-t°dn ]´-sh-´n-bmev Icn°v Iøn¬

(H-cp-Ø-t\m-Sv)X- n-t√.

as‰m-cmƒ : X´pao X´pao . . .

shsdm-cmƒ : ]cp-hm-bn¬t°dn-ap≈v IS-™mev Imen¬ ap≈p-Ip-Øn-t√y.

C\n-sbm-cmƒ:IpØpao . . . IpØpao . . .

tNmZy : Cß-s\-sbm∂pw ]d-™m¬ ]‰n-√. ChnsS Cu ]WnIsfms°

FSp-°Ww

sNdp : ]Wn-b-sW¶n Rß°v sNe Ah-Im-b-ß-fp≠v Xºp-cm-s\.

tNmZy : Fs¥m-s°-bmWv Ah-Im-i-߃

sNdp : Hcp aμp-th-Ww, Hcp Ip∂v thWw, Hcp ]d-th-Ww, Hcp Iqd-th-Ww,

I™n, Im∏n IpSn-°m-s\mcp IpSn-Iq-SWw Xºp-cms\

tNmZy : CsXm-s°-Ø-cmw. F∂m¬ ]Wn-tbzm.

sNdp : ]n∂ow sNe Ah-Im-b-ß-fp-≠p-X-ºp-cmt\

tNmZy : Fs¥-√m-amWv ]n∂o Ah-Im-b-ßfv

sNdp : Fs∂ Hcp Xe-∏\o sI -Ww, F‚-∏s\ Hcn-S-∏-\o-sI- Ww

tNm : Hm \ns∂ Xe-∏-Wn-°m-c\pw, \n‚-∏s\ CS-∏-Wn-°m-c\pw B°mw.

Hcmƒ : ]Øm-b-Øns‚ Xmt°m¬ F\n-°p-thWw

thsdm-cmƒ : sXmgp-Øn-s∏-sc≥sc-Xm-t°mev F\n°v

tNmZy : F√mw icn-bm°mw ]Wn-tXm-fp∂m

sNdp : C\ow sNe a´pw apdow thWw Xºp-cm-t\,

tNmZy : F¥mXv

sNdp : (Hm-tcm-cp-Øcpw ]e kwJy-Iƒ ]e Bh-iy-Øn-\mbn tNmZn-°p∂p.

tNmZy°mc≥ F√m-h¿°pw ImivsIm-Sp-°m-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂p.

At∏mtg°pw Ah-cpsS Xºp-cms‚ Bfp-Iƒh∂v Ahsc

Xncn-sI- sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p.

* * * * *

224

A\p-_‘w 4

{]mNo\ ]ZkqNn

A¶-c≥/sFIc≥ ˛ KW-]Xn

A¶-cm∏v ˛ ta¬hkv{Xw

A¶m-fΩ ˛ hoc-`-{Zs‚ ]Xv\n (]m-iw-sIm≠v acn-°p-

∂-h-cpsS Bflm-°sf hen®p-sIm-≠p-

t]m-Ip-∂p.)

Acnin ˛ Acn

Bcm-[mcw ˛ ico-c-Øns‚ Bdp-\n-e-Iƒ

(km-[n-jvTm-\w, aWn-]q-c-Iw, A\ml-Xw,

B⁄, hnip-≤n)

BkvXm-\Øv ˛ Bÿm-\Øv (k-`-bn¬)

CSp-º≥ ˛ lnUpw-_≥

C≠¬ ˛ hnjaw

CΔm´v ˛ XmW-ÿ-ew, Can-®m´v

Cc∏v ˛ bmNn-°¬

Cu¥¬ ˛ Cu¥-∏\

Di-b-am\ ˛ \√-Xv, sa®-s∏- Xv

DuSv/hqSv ˛ D≈v, a[yw, hoSv

DuØp-°pgn ˛ Ipg¬, No‰¬, ]mºv

Fepºv ˛ F√v

FcpXv ˛ hoW-bmsf Fgp-t∂¬∏n-°¬

Fi¬ (C-i¬) ˛ s]mdm-´p-I-fnse c≠p IYm-]m-{X-߃

XΩn-ep≈ hmKzmZw (kw- m-j-Ww)

GamØw ˛ ]‰n-°¬

Hm´w shbvØv ˛ H´p-Im¬sh-®p≈ ]£n-]n-SpØw

Hømcw ˛ \mSyw, s]mß-®w, B¿`m-Sw, irwKmcw

H‰¬ ˛ ao≥]n-Sn-°m-\p≈ IqS

HuΔ-bm¬ ˛ Xang v Ih-bn{Xn, Xn -cp -h -f -fp -h -cpsS

ktlm-Zcn, BZn-am-Xm-hv

Ipw`w ˛ IpSw

225

Ipw`m-c≥ ˛ inh≥

Ipw`-Im-c≥ ˛ Ipi-h≥

IhrØ ˛ IgpØv

ISIw ˛ s]m≥h-f, Im°, IÆm-Sn-]m{Xw

Iºfw ˛ Icn-ºSw

IcIw ˛ Pe-]m-{Xw, In≠n, saXn -®p -I-f -Øn¬

Iq´pI

Ihd ˛ ]c-ºp-≠m-°p-∂-h≥

I©n ˛ I™n

I≈mSn ˛ £p{Zw sNøp∂ PmXn

sNdp-a-°-fnse Hcp hn`mKw

IRvP-ame ˛ Xma-c-ame

IW-°¿ ˛ sNdp-a-cnse Hcp hn`mKw

InÆmcw ˛ In∂cw (kw-Ko-tXm-]-I-c-Ww)

IpWvUen ˛ ]mºv

IqSm≥ ˛ sNdp-a-cnse Hcp-hn- mKw

Iqd ˛ hkv{Xw

sImSn®n ˛ apXnc

sImØfw ˛ ao≥IqS

tImce ˛ I√v ]SpØv sI´n-bp-b¿Ønb Xd

N°n-en-b≥ ˛ sNcp-∏p-IpØn

N≠ ˛ iWvT

Noscm-gn-bpI ˛ `wKn-bm-°pI

Npjpav\ ˛ kpjpav\

sN‰ ˛ IpSn¬

sNS ˛ PU

PSpXn ˛ Ie-Œ-dpsS Iev]\

Xmb ˛ AΩ

XI-∏≥ ˛ A—≥

X∏v ˛ ]ng

X∏ns´ ˛ Hcp ]d-hmZyw

Xºn ˛ A\p-P≥

X≠v ˛ ]√°v

XÆn ˛ sh≈w

226

Xncp-S≥ ˛ I≈≥

Xncp-®¶p ˛ {Xni¶p

XoaØw ˛ Xn∑, XobXv

Xq°n-®m´w ˛ Hcp Im¬IpØn adp-Im¬ sIm≠v Nhp- n-

Øn-cn-bpI

tX´-døm ˛ t\´w, kºmZyw

sXm´n-b¿ ˛ Xan-gv\m-´nse Hcp PmXn ]®-Ip-Ø-emWv

sXmgn¬

sXmIn¬ ˛ tXm¬

tXm´n ˛ ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-Iƒ \o°n-°-f™p `h-\-ip-≤n-

h-cp-Øp-∂-h≥

ZWvU-en´v ˛ \a-kvI-cn®v

\w ˛ thZw (\-Ωp-X¬)

\Imcn (N¿Ω-hm-Zyw) ˛ Ifn-a-Æp-sIm≠v A¿≤-hr-Øm-Ir-Xn-bn¬

N´n-bp-≠m-°p-I. 1 1/2 hymkw shbn-eØv

sh®v DW°n Imhn-tX®v DW°n Xobn-

en´v thhn®v 12 Znhkw N´n-bpsS ASn-

bn¬ 2 sk.-an. hymk-Øn¬ hmbp-]p-d-

Øp-t]m-Im≥ Zzmcw D≠m-°p-∂p. ]ip-

°p- n-bp-tStbm Fcp-a-bp-tStbm tXm¬ D]-

tbm-Kn®v N´n-h-en-®p-sI- p-∂p. tXm¬sIm-

≠p≈ hmdp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv hen-®p-

sI- p-∂-Xv. Akp-c-hmZyw N°n-en-b¿ D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. 42 sk.-ao. hep-∏-ap≈ c≠v

tIm¬sIm≠v H∏w sI´p-∂p. X∏-´-bpsS

Xmf-h´Øn\v sImgp-t∏-Im≥ D]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂p. \Im-cn-bn¬ 18 Xmf-h´w D≠v.

\Æn ˛ hnNm-cn®p

\ºn-SpI ˛ hniz-kn-°pI

\q‰sS h≈n ˛ \qd≥ Ing-ßns‚ h≈n

t\aw ˛ \nbaw, Imew, kabw

]c-XpI ˛ Nmc-{]-hr-Øn-sN-øpI

]´mhv ˛ h≠n-N-{I-Øns‚ ]´

]Æn ˛ D≠m°n

227

]Æn-shbvØ ˛ D≠m-°n-sh®

]©m-£cw ˛ \a: inhmb

]cniw ˛ ]cn-bw, hoSns‚ ]pdsØ ÿew

]‚n ˛ ]∂n

]Xn ˛ tZiw

]X¿aWn ˛ ]Xn¿aWn

]´n ˛ IpSn¬, sXmgpØv

]cph ˛ apf

]ÆmSn ˛ `¿Ømhv

]©-`qXw ˛ `qan, BIm-iw, hmbp, Pew, A·n

]m°-\m¿ ˛ ]d-®n-s]-‰ ]¥n-cp-Ip-eØnse Hcmƒ

]mt®mcv ˛ ]mXn-t®mcv (kvam¿Ø-hn-Nmcw sNbvXv

]Xn-Xsc ]‰n hn[n-]-d-bm≥ A[n-Im-c-

ap≈ Bƒ) ] -t®m-am-Xncn

]m∏mkv ˛ sNcn∏v

]mhSw ˛ acn-®-Xp-t]m-ep≈ InS∏v

]nc∏v ˛ ]nc-ºp-Im-c≥, Nqc¬hn¬∏\

t]bv ˛ t{]X-`q-Xm-Zn-K-W-߃

]n≈-bm¿ ˛ KW-]-Xn-]qP

]nWn ˛ _m[

]pcl ˛ IpXnc

]pØn ˛ _p≤n

]qimcn ˛ amcn-b-Ω, ]qimcn

XmW-Pm-Xn-°m-cpsS ]ptcm-ln-X≥

s]m°Ww ˛ `n£m-S\w sNøp∂hcpsS amdm∏v

a\n-b¿, aln-X¿ ˛ a\p-jy≥

aμv ˛ t£{X-ÿm-\-ambn Icp -Xp∂ s]mXp-

ÿew (]≠v aμn¬ sh®mWv tZisØ

Imcy-߃ Xo¿®-bm-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xpw, ]cm-

Xn-Iƒ°v Xo¿∏v I¬∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xpw)

a® ˛ a≥ ˛ aμv

ad-tbm¿ ˛ {_m“-W¿

amSv ˛ ]e-I-]m-In-b-X´v, ]ip

a®m v ˛ Db¿∂-Ip∂v ˛ ae-®m´v F∂ ]mT-t`Zw

228

amØn-c-t°m¬ ˛ a{¥-t°m¬

amcn ˛ hkqcn

amtbm≥ ˛ inh≥

am≥h-bvØn¬ ˛ hb-‰n¬

apSp-I¿ ˛ Im´p-Pm-Xn-°m¿

ap≠ ˛ ssIbnse amkw-t]-in, tXmƒ

apWvU ˛ sam -®n, hn[h

apØm∏v ˛ ap≠v {]tXy-I-co-Xn-bn¬ sI´n sNdp-an-Iƒ

amdp-a-d-bv°p∂p

aq°p-hm©n ˛ aq°pØn

aq‚ v ˛ aq∂v

ta°v ˛ ]Sn-™mdv

sam°p-I-emiw ˛ Hmtcm-aq -e-bnepw, the-sIm-´n -\n -∂p≈

Iemiw

samømen ˛ aqimcn

tamSn-sh-bv°¬ ˛ a{¥w AS°w sNbvXv aÆn¬ Ipgn-®n-SpI

(ap-…nw)

ssa¥≥ ˛ aI≥

c°n-°pI ˛ c£n-°pI

c°n ˛ Hcp-t]cv

cw`≥ ˛ ]d-b≥

cmØncn ˛ cm{Xn

hcn¥v ˛ hcn™v

hcpØw ˛ thZ\w

h√n ˛ the-Iq-en, Nnehv

h´I ˛ h -Øn-ep≈ Bbp[w

hmi¬ ˛ hmXn¬

h≈p-h≥ ˛ ht≈m≥, inh≥ (]-d-®n-s]‰]¥n-cp-Ip-ew)

hmWn`w ˛ hmWn-Pyw, I®-h-S-km-am\w

hncpØv ˛ Xangv hrØw

hn´w-sI´n ˛ Ipdp-sI-bp≈ DØ-cw, hf-_‘w

hn°n\w ˛ hnLv\w

shØne ˛ sh‰ne

sh≈n-°-fa ˛ sh≈n-bmgvN

229

th´n ˛ th„n

the-h¿ ˛ apcp-I≥

sshbvØv ˛ sh®v

i¶w ˛ kwLw

iWn-°pI ˛ £Wn-°pI

ipjn-ap\ ˛ kpjpav\

ic-hWw (≥) ˛ KwKm-Xo-c-Øp≈ Hcp h\w, apcp-I≥

imWn ˛ NmW-Iw

i¥ ˛ N¥

inØpfn ˛ Nn‰pfn

in¶n ˛ Im°m-e≥amcnse Hcp PmXn

io¿ ˛ Nocv, `wKn

ioc-Wn-bpI ˛ `wKn-bm-hpI

inØp-Sp°v ˛ Nn‰p-Sp°v

ipjn-ap\ ˛ kpjpav\

ip°new ˛ ip¢w

timWnXw ˛ c‡w

sim∏\w ˛ kz]v\w

] -Wmcv ˛ ae-©-c-°p-Iƒ hmßn I®-hSw \S-Øp∂

Bƒ

ap´n-∏m¬ Ip‰n ˛ km{ºmWn

ta°esØm´n-®n ˛ ae-ssZhw

tkma-\p-Sp-°pI ˛ kmcn-sIm≠v ]mf-Øm-dp-t]mse DSp°pI

*********

230

A\p-_‘w 5.

Bth-Z-I-kqNn

1. Zzmc-Im-Ir-jvW≥ (60) (I-fn-bm-im≥) tZho-a-μncw ]√-»-\-tZiw

2. kpμc≥ \mb¿ (60) (I-fn-bm-im≥) aT-Øn¬ho-Sv, ]√-»-\-tZiw

3. cLp-\m-Y-ta-t\m≥ (65) (I-fn-bm-im≥) {io{]o-Xn, s\∑m-d-tZiw

4. ]n.bp kzman-\m-b¿ (69) (I-fn-bm-im≥) DWn-°m´v hoSv, ]√m-hq¿tZ-iw.

5. Zmtam-Z-c≥\m-b¿ (58) (I-fn-bm-im≥) N{μn-I-\n-hm-kv, taem¿tImSv

tZiw

6. ]pXn-b¶w Sn. {io[-c-ta-t\m\≥ (72) (I-fn-bm-im≥) Feºpemhn¬ hoSv,

s]m{º, Fe-ºp-em-t»-cn.

7. s]m∂-∏- m-K-h-X¿ (73) (I-fn-bm-im≥) Abn-eq¿tZ-iw.

8. \mcm-b-W≥Ip´n-\m-b¿ (70) a\-b-¶Øv hoSv, IpØ-∂q¿tZ-iw.

9. ]n.bp DÆn (60) DWn-°ms´ hoSv, ]√m-hq¿tZ-iw.

10. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥ \mb¿ (60) (I-fn-bm-im≥) sh≈-°ms´ hoSv, ht -°mSv

tZiw.

11. kpμ-c≥\m-b¿ (75) (I-fn-bm-im≥) ]p¬∏pca-μv, Ipg¬aμwtZiw. (A¥-

-cn-®p)

12. `mkvI-c≥\m-b¿ (74) (I-fn-bm-im≥) ]≈n-bn¬ho-Sv, Im°-bq¿tZ-iw.

13. IrjvW≥Ip- n-\m-b¿ (70) (I-fn-bm-im≥) a\-tßm- p-]m-d-bn¬ hoSv,

s\∑m-d.

14. Ip©p-Ip- -ta-t\m≥ (65) (I-fn-bm-im≥) aT-Øn¬ho-Sv, hS-h-∂q¿.

15. Fw.-F-kv. tat\m≥ (75) (I-fn-bm-im≥) ap≠m-c-sØ-ho-Sv, Fe-h-t©-cn.

16. ]n. Zmtam-Z-c≥\m-b¿ (65) ht∂-cn-ho-Sv, IÆ-{º.

17. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥\m-b¿ (70) (I-fn-bm-im≥) e£van-\n-hm-kv, Ip\n-t»cn

(1997 ¬ A¥-cn-®p).

18. \mcm-b-W≥\m-b¿ (I-fn-bm-im≥) a™-fq¿tZiw (1998 ¬ A¥-cn-®p).

231

19. sI. hnizw, sNº-I-t»-cn-ho-Sv, XØ-aw-K-ew-tZiw

20. jUm-\≥ B\n-°Øv (56) B\n-°Øv hoSv, XØ-aw-Kew tZiw.

21. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿ (88) `ma-\n-hm-kv, Nn‰n-e-t©cn, sIm√-t¶mSv

tZiw (1997 ¬ A¥-cn-®p)

22. Cø-t¶mSv {io[-c≥, (57) sIm√-t¶m-Sv.

23. hn.-hn.-sI. hmeØv (60) tNcm-s\-√q¿, ]n.-H. sIm®n, (A-¥-cn-®p).

24. \mcm-b-W≥Ip´n, (48) ap≥]m- p-Im-c≥, ]√m-hq¿ tZiw.

25. cmL-h≥am-ÿ, (60) Icn-t∏m-SvX-d, Icn-t∏mSv tZiw.

26. tkXp-am-[-h≥, `mKy-{io, ]pXn-b¶w tZiw.

27. tUm. hnP-b-cm-L-h≥, (62) tate-s°- n¬ hoSv, ]pXn-b-¶w-tZ-iw.

28. ]n.-Fw. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥, (52) Ifn-bm-im≥, AØn-s∏m-‰-tZ-iw.

29. F¬.-F-kv. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥, KW-]Xn A{K-lm-cw, ]q¶p-∂w.

30. Aøm-hv, (60) Cug-h-Ø-d, Fe-h-t©-cn.

31. \mcm-b-W-a-∂m-Sn-bm¿, (62) a∂m-Sn-bm¿ Xd, Nn‰q¿.

32. X¶-∏≥ (75) (I-fn-bm-im≥) hSp-I-¥-d, ]pXn-b-¶w-tZiw (2006 ¬ acn-®p).

33. \mcm-b-W≥\m-b¿ (70) hS-t»cn, ]√-»-\.

34. B¿.-kn. A\-¥-\m-cm-b-W≥, (65) Ejn-\m-c-Z-aw-K-ew, IÆ-{º-tZ-iw.

35. `mkvI-c≥\m-b¿ (75), Ipt∂-°m-Sv, IpØ-∂q¿tZ-iw.

36. \oe-I-WvT≥\-ºq-Xncn (69) ]qap-≈n-a-\, s]cn-tßm-Sv. (1997 ¬ acn-®p)

37. F.-hn.F tat\m≥, (65) Im\q¿ho-Sv, tNcm-aw-K-ew.

38. kp\-μ≥am-ÿ (39), ]pfn-s\-√n-tZ-iw.

39. cma-\p-Æn-ta-t\m≥ (52) ]pd-bØv hoSv, Nn‰q¿tZ-iw.

40. kn.-sI. tKm]m-e≥, (64) sNdp-Im´v hoSv, apS-∏-√q¿ tZiw

* * * * *

232

A\p-_‘w 6

Nn{X-∏-´nI

1. tIfn

k‘ymtIfn

]¥¬tIfn

233

2. Ifn∏¥¬

Ah-X-c-W-]-¥¬

Ifn-°p-ti-j-ap≈ ]¥¬

234

3. h -°fn

h -°-fn-bpsS thjw

h´-°fn ]√-»-\-tZiw

h´-°fn Ipg¬aμwtZiw

235

4. H‰-s∏m-´p-Iƒ

thj-{]-[m-\-amb H‰-s∏m-dm´v

H‰-∏q-imcn

H‰-®-°n-en-b≥

236

Icn-s∏m-dm´v

X≈-s®-dpan

I≈mSnH‰-am-∏nf

237

5. Cc-´-s∏m-dm´pIƒ

Ipd-h≥ ˛ IpdØn

sXm´n-b≥ ˛ sXm´n®n

aÆmØn N°n-en®n

238

6. Iq -s∏m-dm´pIƒ

Iq´-®°n-en-b¿

th´p-h-°-W-°¿

Iq´ap-SpI¿