Anusiewicz, Dąbrowska, Językowy Obraz Świata i Kultura
34
JANUSZ ANUSIEWICZ , ANNA D¥BROWSKA, MICHAEL FLEISCHER Uniwersytet Wroc³awski Jêzykowy obraz wiata i kultura. Projekt koncepcji badawczej 0. Projekt i obiekt badañ 0.1. Uwagi ogólne Wed³ug przedstawionej tu koncepcji przedmiotem badañ kultury jest feno- men drugiej rzeczywistoci bêd¹cej kolektywnym konstruktem danej spo³ecznoci. P i e r w s z a r z e c z y w i s t o æ (fizykalna) stanowi przedmiot zainteresowania nauki o kulturze jedynie jako podstawa drugiej rzeczywistoci, czyli jako instancja wyznaczaj¹ca ogólne zasady jej funkcjonowania. W spo³e- czeñstwie istnieje wiele (wspólnych z innymi naczelnymi) zjawisk, bêd¹cych, co prawda, p r o d u k t a m i pierwszej rzeczywistoci, nie daj¹cych siê jednak do niej sprowadziæ. Wspólny tym wszystkim zjawiskom jest ich c h a r a k t e r semiotyczny (reprezentujemy Peirceowsk¹, tzn. triadyczn¹ i relacyjno- -funkcjonaln¹ koncepcjê znaków). Nie wyklucza to, oczywicie, koncepcji opar- tych na d z i a ³ a n i u (Handlung) (np. Schmidt 1980) lub na komuni- kacji (np. Drechsel 1984) jako na podstawowych elementach zjawisk kultu- rowych, poniewa¿ wszystkie owe fenomeny daj¹ siê sprowadziæ do znaków i pro- cesów znakowych. W zwi¹zku z tym korzystniejsze dla konstrukcji teorii wyda- je siê wychodzenie od wspólnych elementów podstawowych ni¿ od obiektów stanowi¹cych produkty procesów znakowych. Wychodzimy zatem z za³o¿enia, i¿ zjawiska semiotyczne, miêdzy innymi wypowiedzi, teksty itd., tworz¹ drug¹ rzeczywistoæ, opart¹ na pierwszej, która podlega tym samym prawom natural- nym, charakteryzuje siê obiektywnym, to znaczy i n t e r p e r s o n a l n y m i k o l e k t y w n y m charakterem, a jednoczenie ma stosunkowo samodzielny status. Chodzi tu, oczywicie, o formowanie siê tak zwanego obrazu wia- Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis No 2218 Jêzyk a Kultura tom 13 Wroc³aw 2000
-
Upload
bartosz-sobala -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
3
description
Anusiewicz, Dąbrowska, Językowy Obraz Świata i Kultura
Transcript of Anusiewicz, Dąbrowska, Językowy Obraz Świata i Kultura
-
!"#
$%#&"%'"" #()("*+,## - ,&"." %,
+,# &"."/
"001)
.!(0-%.", (# - ,-%.22&"."/#()(,34
2. ( 0 , % % ' &$.5 ,#)#2#(#2.",
-! %' *+ % " % % ' 6 73%#")"8"-%.2
%""""(# #()(%,.,"#-."".(0,% %'
%) ,"#" ,"%" %",5 "01)%"".,,3(# ,""* -!4
%/,)7-1) 9% 2" %)28%,"#&$.5 9
-"."- . ( # " 2 -%,% %' .",5 9$,."#.
, -".%6* -1) 2 %#2 %,"#2 , 9 9 " " #
2 % 7-%(,2 + :#5 %* ". %5 )" ,4
43(# ,")5# - ,$%"#18*#)( %" %' # - ,-"4
9 " . % " ! " ( 78 7-* 92. ;8 )(& " # 2 ( 4# " , 7-* 9);
-
" 3"# @ % -"! 9 % 0 "20 2""!( %" % % %"#1
-.%%51@ 9#()(" 9.2.&0",5 .&
&"%'"".-.%")7-1!%2)2"28%"3(# ,"
-! %/"#()( 9""#%(,5 $("(#"22$#4
%2-2&.@2-! %#1,-1!0"%(,#1
, -%% 0"%"*"2 ( $ " 2') 32 & " % 1
' " " %"".$ # ( # , ' " $ 3"# @ % 0 "20
%"#0 2""!( 1@ 9 #()(" 9 "%" 5 1@ #(#
.-.%")%"3(# ,"#()(-"@-1&2
("(#"$ , -)' @ 2-! %#1 ,0"4
%(, #1 , -%% 0"%" 73(# ,") ( " -%4
%'68* 9.%2 % %"!@" @ .(0" % %'6 -.)0" 2
"22 %,"#" 3% % -"2 22 9""#% -%.4
%2*"-.(#2-%,% %' -"!2-" (,,
0(!* "(" "%" #()($* 2 .(0, % %' , -)2
2@) 9 .%"!"/ -"!2 3(# ,(,5 2&$& -%, % %4
' -.(#" 9#()(2" 9""##)#-")
%" %4")-%% ,.#$*+%,2(,2 @.(05% %' 5
%5.%5-""21" 9 ."2 % 9*E2."2 %4&)04
%5 $ 21 7.)"8 $ . # ( 1 7#"
) 9"8 2 4 # $ 7+ :"8 ("@"2 %" -%."
.-..&".""0(*"#$"(#-%,2(,2# 4
( # 3 ( # , " 4 ) % 2 7#;
-
.-&".""-1" %"2"3" ," 9-".%5.01),#()4
(7-*"#,,"#"%"!"%"--""F) 9;
-
%,5 222&,2(,5 2%#%,"#". %5 2
%# 9 9"-#1#1-"5"- " 92 % 9*%$.%
"20.%$-(,5%"#"$ "#@%" %"0"5.#(
2"2. %"%22#()(*()(",$ %2'.",5 2$
(")6)(')6-1&" %) %,5%#52 9"%21%"".
3(# ,(,5 9 "2 0.% 0" 5 %"#* ()(" , 322
3(# ,")2-.&,"#,,-.""M%"#L#()(",%"2.34
")"--%%..-%%4 %" 9) %(,2(,$
,5,"#%,"#)" ,3(# ,"),"##(##)#-4
")*()(","#(&22(-! %0-".""$-(,5 9
!"' ' F"8,22%(2(21L&8,22
"2 %(2( 2."2 %, )(& &)0 %, - 1
." ") 9* %$!" $ 3(# ,(,.!(0 -" . %5 9 4
21" 9 96 %$' -%&",532- 3 %.)"#()(4
")%"52-&"2@' 0" %2L 8,4
22)((,5 2%(2()( ,21L.8,
%" %3"# %,5 2 3(# ,(,5 222L8-"."%.)'6
"20"%" ,L38,"#2-..",$"(%%0)$.("#4
') )L 08 -"." !"' ' 9""#%(,5 2 ,"# "!'6 "%
9-% %01) 97-,. % 9)(&%!@ 98,0)21*"24
(,5 "20"%(,5 !"' ' 2( ,"# "#0 2",5 9""#
-%.27-*%%,"#(!) 9" ,%228*
-%""%"#!"."@#()(" 9""#%(,$2$.%2$%4
2%1@ "2.%)$"-.2"%3(# ,(, &".%,%!4
@2".2 7 %( %* 2 -! %28*"@.-.2
-"."##2"3" ,#1M,"##0()" 97-%%#()(4
$)(&"($8%."%/M#"%(,5 9 !"' ' % %01)"%01)
-"". %," 9*&5%(,(",%""."-5%", 3(# ,"),-%4
%' 7-*(#;
-
-% %*P(- -! %"%",5-.%-.%",5
-!"0(- " 9-'6*+%5.#0(-,-%5.#2-"4
&)2 %).#"2"%#(#2*)( ,"#()(2" )(2",."##(#2@).. %""% "")%". ,. 94
)& ,*.022(#(#7# %,8)( ,,-%.4
")*+%5.##()("%62@"32(!5G-""%,0%""4
H*').""-".!'6, %$""2@".%6$-4
" -%5.#(* "2" -".!'6 -"%",5 " $ , ,"#
"#" -%"")" 22 @ 2@ &6 -".!' 5 7-* %%, ) 9
;
-
"Q.2(,%" 9"7%" 9" %'68.#(1#1)#4
%!"&%"01)% 212,%!@ 9"50,."# "!4
# *E%.#(1,"2-%2&".%!"&*+",5)4
#"#.#()(& 9)2#101)(2@)",550$ #4
(()(&-%(,5- 3#$.",#()(".,*",!"&,%$4
",3"2"-()" ,.#(2*" 9".#(1,"2-%2
-%-)"% 9. %,.#') 9.%.% )
205%"6&!(@-%%(()( 0(-#()(*)22
9""# %2.)"-%2(#()(".,,.#(*
?8 # ( ) ( " "3$&,2(,5 5)#()(". 9
#1("@"$%"-.&5".(,5 -*7-*#()("0)"#2 4
#,$% % !"/#8* ') 9.% #)" , 2$.% %"-"2$"2
%2" 2"-()" ,5 9(#, 2-".#(%0)$.4
1"*"-()" ,". %-%"",5 97%"1!" 9
,"# & 98.#(1. )1#()( 9" "#@("(#"04
#()(-%#."".#(1- 9.%5 9% %5%.",#()4
(#12(%5%"6.,.-""*. %'.",$%"&4
"6@.#(#()(52,"!@.#(#()(". 9
-%"201)&%".#(1-.)0"&".%.(@2"9"2 ,
% %01)"&)*
"3#" ,".#(1
;8 # ( ,2-("%"#1" .#!".,M-4
"1,"# 0"%(,5 9-("0(!"%20(,5 9 (@#4
9.",32" ,#()(,"5 -! %, #()(,- 3
,32" , %5 %1@",5 5,55%#$ 9*+%%-,$ 3 2 " ,
# ( ) ( , %(2$##- 3 %.)"." 90(-2"3"4
,."0(&2(% &%"((-2(#()(*2!F.#(
-1& ,"#7"%%"-2 5,"# 9-"18.""32" ,"#()("
$-"."%"&"0! ' %"#27 %) #()(%8"%%"-4
"5-1,'6* -5-%".52@"&1@32(!"6 -1&
"$-(,5 F.#(#(,2 %57 %)#()(58% %'6.",
32" ,,-%%50"% ."0)(&02""!(7"-#2"4
")8"%-.(, %"-",,.#'6" $ %,5 ,-%%
5%*,2 2(,$%#0"%2 .#((*#(5
G# %2 &5%(,5 2"#"2-".""$N***O2"'6
.#((,-".%"% 2"' 2(,$%#0H7R4
0;
-
'6" "#@(,5(&22.#(1- ,") % 97 %#%$4
%(&2(8*"-%2(()(2%"-",51@"$
.",(()(& 97"-%#!".5. 98(()( 5M%"-4
2 5.#(1- ,") % 9M.-.%")%"(()(-1!%"4
)@' S3 ,7 %#$%2(8*"-%2-)"4
,5 %#$%(%2(,5 %" 9(,5 27-.%0(-4
-(8* .2% 9 9%"."/ ,..%"!"" .#(7 %#%$%.%5 $.(-"2(8*)"0@")@%&"."6F
"8,"#0)5."%1@ ".#(1L&8,"#.&"$-%,' )21
2(% .#((..#((L 8,"#53(# ,$-!",5)2-1)4
7%" %2&)#)#8L.8,"#3(# ,-!".#( .4
(.2(#()( 2(-! %0*
B8 # ( - , " ) % *3",,"# %$' #!"4
..#(13(# ,(,5 )# &$&,.0.#((."0(&4
2(#()(*#(- ,") %")%(,01)(#(#""%
9" 9"@' 2,0.#(( .(.,"#0'&%"4
()(')0"-#(7#!".#"82(*"-%#!". &$&.#(4
(##()(0)(&.#(( 9%' ,"/#4".02@"%1@6
- ,") %##()(S 9%' ,"/#4"..#(-" % %
@-) %*#"% 0"$-(,5 "-0%"F-."6$#"%"6
@ .#( .", 32" , #()(, 5 -1,,% &".%, 920 %
" #"@.2"%"&),%@.#(- ,") %* %5%#(% 2
.#(&!&"""%" 9""&)'6.1@")'6-*.",
(()("%0"""!&,,-'6 (%2"*(# ,"2.#((
.",32" ,#()(,&!&F#("(%2""%#).4
"2(*"-!%$%%&0" " #0( ,$2("%
%"- 1@ ""&!&% #).-.%").#(- ,") %4
* %5%#(% 2-%,562@""$-(,5 5!"' '6.#(1- ,"4
) % 9F-!",5%%0)$.("-1&3(# ,"".#((3(#4
,$3)"722&"8%"1& -!12%$% 9 ,"#
$% 9*"(#23(# ,""02 9"%2(,&!4
2$%7-",",5 28&!),%@-!%$%
"&(#56% %5 07)(&)#%2",5 082.2(#"4
,"/#0*@"%"2#"%"6@"-%#!".-%5%" 9%' ,"/#4
4". 9.%#"%. 9.#(((()(0,),%@ 9
(")%5%#% 2"2 9.#(1- ,") % 9* %4
' .(.(@" 9 7-%% 98 '.#1.#( 9 "
01))(.%#2*".#(- ,") %"-!%"1
.#(!",(()(,"# .#(- ,") %0"20&%"(
#()(0*@"$ 1@6"$-(,5 3(# ,.#((- ,") %4
0F"8 9"2((()(0 !"0.#(("%5%L&8
%"-.#(-%3)"0-%,$ " 9)21.4
#( 9-%%!".#(L 8 %&0" !"0.#((L.8-%4
$%#&"%'""#()(" ;I
-
0" )(&.-"".#((.)( , 9- 1%" 94
.%5 9 #()(% ".,L 8 -2"0" %-% 9""!"0
.#(('1. 932" ,(()( 9*
')-0%$-".%5-$#"%"6@.#(- ,") %4
")#-!".#(*&2(#(#""
-'. %%&0" "(%2"2((()(0*"-%2
.#(2.#(- ,") %-%"23(# ,"6,.4
%"-'. 2.#(1)(&")# 9 %$' *
D8 . # ( ,- 3 %2.#(2(-"2(.",
#()(".,-!",5 2 ,,23(# ,$-'. %5 50(4
,5 5%"-",5 5#2(#" ,$"% "5 2 ,,#()(, -' *
")@-.#')6@,,.2.#(23(# ,(,5 2 .",
#()(%".,*E%)#3$0(,5 52.#1,32"4
,#()(,')# %205$.!"6 )((%2""2(*
-2%"%@"22@"&(216 3%#((.#10
32" ,#()()#205$.!"6) %1@ .#102(4
%5&6%0."(#" ," 01)&!"2@)"* 2(()(
74(()(82@)'6#2(#" ,,!"' ' 53"#()"5"4
2" 2 #()( "., , " !"' ' 5 &)0",5*
2-%-".#(.%"!",5.."#-".!' ,5 (&4
2%"-",5 (%2"2(#()(*.#((")@$ 4
%(26,"#-1)02"#" ,"#-%(2" .#102@"
7" %8.,'6) %,"#(-"2"#1,$%."2 "#1
%5%#(% 2%&"-1&"6%6-!*")%".#(((2@4
)"$ (")"3#" ,#()(#'),3".,9" 9
.#(1%&"."-%%#2(#" ,,.",#()(".,"%
50"#1. %5 90"%" , 3(# ,""#()(" "#4
@# ,,01)02 9"%2(*.#(,"%2."0" ,4
"0"(#'),#()(".,*.#"2"(714
"0%0)$.,8#()(".,,, ")2-)2*,"#"(." %"4
,5 $ .#(#"%(,5"%2")( ,"&)' %"4
,2)" , 01)- %" 9.%5 .",#()(%".,*+%")"
" 50$ #1. %5 9- 1-%&0",5 9 (()4
(" 9" $ .#(" 9*5.@"@.)"%&"."""(#()(7"(4
2(" ,0' 8,#')(.%"!(.",(()(."0.#(4
( .#(*#(",5" #".#( )(%$#4
%"0 2(.%"!(-%3""!" 9)21.#(4
9"%-%&"@" 9 2&)#)#*
?8 # ( # ( ) ( 3(# ,(, 3%#()(*
#()(","#%5%#)(#!".#11@ 9#()(". 9,"#4
2%0)$."&) -..")("9"2 3)(#(" ,2-"4
."2 -%&, .%" ,.0 )(& #)#( "&) 9 .#(1*
#(#()(-!"3(# ,$-",5 5.#( -1&
;= "(%( %"5" 9")) 9
-
@2@%2" "6)(&!"&"6#'). , 2@)' %,4
*@&26..#((.2"# #157)(&
5% %01)8 2-%" %$#%"62"22"&)'64
.#((* ")@ 0 (%"6 %" %# 2( "&)%(,5 .#(
#1"2,."#,!"' ' #"%(,*. %',"#24
222, 2 #12(()(205%"-'. 2#()(
"6-!"#()($".5*.%"!#') 9(()( #()4
(%2@&6$#%@ 9(.%"! .#( %) #()(%".4
,7-*3"#3)#(()( 2 #,$% %,#()(%8"#@24
05 (") 5 7#$@58 .05 % $#%2 -.%2 %6
-!",57."58#()($".5"Q,-%."6,5-% ,$*
#(#()(-!"$ -%#%"! ($.#((3(#4
,$-2 %5 %"1& (()(,"# & #()(".,*
%5%#(% 22@)",$#"%"@F"8 .#(#()(4
2$-(,2,2&)#)# 9@ .#(0.@#4
%2(&,2"6 "!5%&'602("%&8@$-(4
, 2.(@(()( 9)21.#( 9#1&62@
%")"%!$-(%!..#(("2" #()(2.4
#(57 %"2"8.2(,5 .-5..",5$,"#2&)#4
)#. .#((&%$#%6(.%"!.",(()( -() 4
.#((" 2"22%5%"6-&)2)(&S %6.-*
2&).#(2&)#)#
2&)#)#5%"#-".",5 .0-"
,2%#%"! 0-""@#"%(,%" %#()4
( ("(#" -%% ."5 2"3" ,$ #()( "% ) 4
#%"! -%)(&0"" 9"7"4
' "85@5 .)" "!, #()( "., -% %2 -" .4
-"6 2( % %01)5 '".2' 5 %"# 3(# , -""
%" %0"-%.%#2-""%"#0*" %#()(4
2@ M " .(@2 -( M .&0"6 . %" %" )##")0*
2&)#)#5",,%2)2"2.#((;*
$%#&"%'""#()(" ;8 -)#2-%#!".%&%2FG1@,$%#2",5,- 43 % 9 -,2"('""H7"/ %#;
-
&"."/,$%#%" % 9*(2"0 -%" %2@),&%"2-%4
%" %2.-" ""-%%%(2)(.%#$0",5 2%# 9,$%#1
%")@2. 9)@5 22$.%2L %!#%"'2@$%&)@6.4
0 %&%"(" %,,"#,."..%!"' 9
)#&-&1-%"" . %(""M" $ M"..% %(
,H7(2&).;8*
.1 9#"@ ,"# ")-,$ 0"2"# '
2"#"%-%""M-%.%#2%(2-" ,"
'"" % -(#( .%" 3)%3 %.0 %5.#(* " -.4
(2" %" .% 9 .'". %/ -%,$ 9 (.%@ %""#4
-" 9-%%."5-1)$#2(#"52"' -&1
"' "" "% &"@/ ""/ & , % %'
%"12""), (&" ,"), %$%, ,"# .( 9,- 9 %,
'".2' ,$%,7( %;
-
- 9)0"% -%""M (,$ -%.2( 7#)"-%.218
-%"" --%% ,$%# #12 !"." ,.#" "% -%",5 " '"
-! %'6 7( % ;
-
*2!F-1& ,"#%",".,$%#".'". %4
"-%@" &"@"-%%-1)$#2(#"5% %'6H7P-4
- 9"%;
-
,$%#(-%,""$ 2)##")2F",&".%,%$!
. %% 0(!,3%,"##1" @ (.",-! %' .0"",4
"@,%5)$ .! .%5 $.%,"#2",5 9
$#%0%" %" 9""#%(,$(&12*#(#0&"%'""
.& ,$%#(-%%-%2"@ "-! %0%"")2(
' * #),."#(@# ."0,$%#"2')5 % %' -%",$4
%#, -!(0(,5 $-,$ "22% %5 2 $ ,0 2 )##")4
2* -1&,$%#(#%"!"-%%.'". %-! %".(
"2 . -0 -" .2(, -1&.%" '"" %) X%Y
&"%% %' *," 9%5%#1"!$-(#2,' ".)"
%*9-%"-"M93"N***O" "#@#", 9 %$%"&" 9" ,4
") %"#(,5 9,$%#,"#X52"" ,$.( 9"".(Y "4
.0'"-0)5.(*"#2$.%"."2%!"% %" "2" 9,.4
,-1)#()("), )%" ,, -! %4-) %,- 50",5 %"
&5%",2%"-@ %",$%#-%,",5%" "($1@ 2$.%
&"%"2'"".&2 ,$%#" 9 9".1H7+"#;
-
%"$,."#@2"2@"-%-"6.)(&$ , 9"#" 9
..%)"2"!5 %(%5 "!' -1,,*#"% 3"#(
@ -* %",5 -" % -(#( .%" "(#0 &"%( '"" %",5
% -(#(.%"'"" .%0. %0"20")"#0"4
20%%$ "H7"2/#E#"#;
-
2",5 1@ -& ) %" -* ,"-/# 2" ) % -% ) %(
-%.21#50! 9" -%#" " 9*@"&@%&"."6 %
-* %$%)(&%".%"&,"-!".%
'""&5.Q.%"!"*
.(.! "&"."0 "2" 9-&)2"#G,$%#" #()4
("H),(@%&*"."&! ,"' ""%#" ,54
@5 $% -% %01)2)#2"2-% %01)-)")##") 9(#4
("*5 %' &"."" #-%-".%"1@22."2*
+%.""%,"#%" 9.%5 9 ' %"-2 5,$%#",.'6
". , %"%%0.% "#(")2"2"(# %" %"@-4
!(0(,5 $,$%#2%"",5 232(!"","-% %5 #2
"(#,.( %* 932(!"/--( ,$%#(2"*",)-4
%2 0-%#!".25"@"$" " #1 9..""".2@5%0.% .%5"(#5*$%#(")",."#-4
-&.%"'""%2",5 97-%",2, ,$%#(- %4
28"%% %,2"(#*+""#1")@"!&.-.%6&%2
M ,"# 9"" 9! ""#$.%,T%%# 9 %)#
#1 9 . ,"#0-" , %,"#%#%-% 9T
% , 9""# % .)" ,$%#" - %0 % @ .)" "(#0T
2@.)" 9,% %)1,$%# 9T
()(&"%'""78
+%"212("2-%")",5 2#("632#2(4
#" ,"@%" %2""#@#()(&"%'""%*
2#1.-"."%" "!#%"!#(# ,.(0,% %' 2
0"%(,5 %#-%"!#2-&"%('""&$&.",#()4
(*&,2(,)#) %1@#(#-.(#"%"-2 5
921%"# 97"# 9,"#22#"0%" 9".*8""#@
"(# .)0 % )0, 0-." % % #2 % 2 -.&
#2-0)&")0&"%('""7-*"#(!) 9",%228*
"),-.",2.3 ,$& %5#()(0&"%('""*
()(&"%'""#10","@,%0"M
-1 % 921%"# 9M",$%#,#(#20(4
)(,5 22"3" ,-.(# ,#1M01),M")%" ,%"# 9
-%(,5 2"%0"%(,5 2%"".#(# ,.",
2"3" ,#()(,,-.(#1,"#.(0,% %' )(-.4
%2""2"""@""S&,"""$
"% - % " " " "#@ 0 " " - 1
%" 9.%5 92-! %2"#"2,"#-.""2(#()4
(*()(&"%'"",%"20()"20"22"2
"%%"".50"%" ,5%(2(21*()(&"%'"4
D> "(%( %"5" 9")) 9
-
"#10-."2)222, 2-%,"""$,(,"4
"$#(# .(0,% %' ,,)2" 9"F.#(
4 " 971@0-"%!@' 8 . # ( "%2&4
)" 9#)# 9.#( 9,"#-." 9
#2-)# 9)2" 92 9#()(*+".1@ 9#()(4
("(#" 92 9"%2" 92"%" ,#4
)# 9"0" 92"-()" , 94
-" 92"" 9- .(" 92")%(,5 9
#" 92")%" , 9#")"" 9-*
","@,%53(# ,5 9)21,(%2".0" %2(
%* "&)%" ," "% .0" % .",2"3" , 2( %%0)$.( "
,0!" " ," ""% %("0" 2 " "#@ %
."02(*"5-%2%"12 9"%2.34
,(,5 ,"#2 9"%2%"-&0",5 .34
," ,#11@"5"@)2.(0,% %' *
$%#%" %#&"%('""
2@"%#("67-"68"")%(,5 -.%,$%#7&$4
.5 2"3" ,"22(8*+"#1-",. %-&(2"34
""$ ## 9#" 9F 9.% -#"%")214
2( ,$%#0 &$.5 9 '#"2 &"%( '""*.", $ @ ")@5 .
9F(#("0"2" %",$%#"! 3"%)0"#!"." (#(4
"#(2"#"2)0")#",$%#%" %"70!1)%" ,8
2"#" #",$%#"*"0(-%"0"./-".%
")@5.2(,$%#0) %5-&2,0%""" #')4
,3(# ,*)"0@!5 %)'2,."% 9%"@"/*
"0"."0"2" %
",(@&"." %%",2(,5 $-&)2"#5#')"501),"#,$%#
" #()("G1@")2,$%#,"# #12-%.%#2#4
,$.)".",-! %' .%'""FX0"2"#",&)@%".(4
9,' ".1@)##"Y7(2&).8*E" #"20"2"4
%,"#"%.%"'""M.%"!"' 0-! %' -4
!(0(,5 ,$2!"'22M-%"!..%' %" 9-" " 9"24
#"/# 9"-)01 ,$%#%" 1H7"";K8*2
0"2" %"%( "2')(-532$.",5 "2@2@)'6,,-%!"4
2""*+1Q,-(# $@#' &"."/M-#" 90!% 9-%%")"
+%0" 0&"M-%(5!$""")%"! "*
$%#&"%'""#()(" D;
-
)#,"
)#-()" @ -" ," '"" ,"#5 , %5%""
,-%.%#2%! 2."0,$%#""%% ,0!"' ' "4
20"2" %27-*P%0 %#";
-
%0(&/ %5%" 9% 22@)' ) % 9*$%#-)#.-(,
(#.(@5) %&5(3#1%."&",5 9 "%"022@)4
' -%#"%"(32" ,)#. %5 ,)#' .0"() %
&"%""'""7-* &",#" 9M,! -(,5 %4%()# -" "" 9"#08* -%-".#(."1" ,"4 , 9-#"62@" 1@ 9,$%#" 9%" %%&@' "% 4
-*%)0 %2M-*-)* 7 9.% %(2- %8*.2*-/0*0()""(3#1@/#' .2$# 9 32"%# %"". % ")@5 ,(@ . -%%!' &! '". 4
2"#""@ 1#,"#,!"' 2$@" , "*.% 4
.)"!$ ."(#!".-! % 2"22-%#"%"!-&"%'"4
"*"#0% %",(,,$%#2-%,"2%2"& %", 9*
#"00"2" %
,$%#(-)#2")@. 9-*%"2#01).%@" %1).%$##12(2"#!-1"-%#!".% #')"2,"#5-!62"!"2')"."4
" % %5%#( % 2 ,." % 9 , -%-".#2 .#2""*
+.&,% 32"2&%&2 %"#"7118."4,5 2-.".("), ,$%#,.#2" , ,.,% -! *E"#$
-!"' ' 0"2" %,$%#"-)#0205&6-% %5"
#') 97" %" 9#5.5.8-&)21"-)#2&%"%,$%#2*
,5#0"2" %
9) -%#"%"(."0-&(.%"'""-%%
E 9 9.%5 @.%,%,5#0"2" % ,$%#" 9.(-,4
# 952#"2"!' "2&"%(,5 2."-%0"% %4
' #.',5#"2 &!* +%#"%(,5 ."5 -" ,$ '""
205#"%"6""@'6 %$'6-% %01) 9"%17-* ,$%#(
-)#22#/ 1#"4 **2*)*-,*8*%0)$.("5,5#4'6205 ,"#'-1&-%#"%"6 -1! %59" 9$"@' *(4
0",5#1"2"2@5%"6$% ."20"2"#.
-%",%,'"" 9 "@2(&6,."-% %" 9)4
2" ,M%" 9.%5-% @1"""")0 %%5.%5 $-""2#4
2#2(#" ,, #( %((",5 ,5#*
! 3"%)0"
##".%2""%%"-@ %
! ,&".%"@2#!".#2,$%#"-%#"%(,5 2-4
" ,$'""*" "$-%2("0$"&(.$-1))##")42" %4
$%#&"%'""#()(" DD
-
9"%","#.%"!! "5% %01)%&(."" ,"#5
."2,$%#(!"&-%"*.%"205&6-."5("4
)"#1.%.%@ "5.)".",-! %' "@" #12"0")
)(& 01)$-(,5* -&-" ,'""7-* ##2#4
2(#" 8'". %"#@&1#')/-'1.,5 921L4
(,5 .-..&"#')2@","#'%,"#")&."' 4
"6 ")& %.- ,"6 M -* -* (32%2 #"#32%2 75"
;
-
"7-" ,"8"@"*9.%("-%#!". -/&.%#( 54
@5 $% 22@)' "# "")0 %0"-%2-.%4
"*')0(!0"2" %-%")",5".) .(@,2%%")@
.)215 0 -%"" %!1%."" --"215 (@4
##,$%#",2)#20(!#!". 9 2(7-".4
-.&8( #"6$. 9-&1"# ""*+.&32""4
) % %@( 92#/ 1# %"#"205.""6$#%5&.$
-" , 96&-%%"%1@ "0"# ()0 %0*E"#4
@ %$'6"" %,)(&&,-%")""1@(,2"
%,"#-.#')"#"0#" %' )(&,,(*"@2
%"0".25@5 2$%-2"2-&)2"2,@(#("4
2" %42" %"-.%"*
(#("#(
,5 ."2,$%#(# 9.%",20532"6 -2
-0"%" ,."0-! %/"". ," 9)" # 9% %"," 9.*
"-%#!".,5 % -2(%$. 9&"%(,5-/%&(#"%4
""-! %/"" 32(!0"()" ,)(.) , &5%(,5 ,
# *+.&(#("&",# %-')(. 9-%#"%(,." -4
&.%"'""*@".'6"#@.% 9)1(")",54
9("&)%"32(!7-*- %5#( #/ "8*
2"#"
2"#",&".%"@2-)2&"." %2,')%56-.("0$
2"3"$&"%('""*9.%)# 3 ,")%" %4
"%1) %"#@M" 2@-%.%#2M "!5"$#" ,%54
%" 9% #')2"%"2 .(@2-(. .(,5 2 9(@ (
"%%" %#()(- 9-,$6*" %"%1"%,5
7%5 $82$.%2%")@' 7-)"2" %2" %@4
)2(#()##-*8",-!, ",&".%,"%' -%#"%(4
,5 -1& .%" % %' -%% ."5 -! %'6 ,$%#5* 5 @
.%$ %2-)2&"." %2*"0"." %"("@ "")%" ,(@
."7-*-*$)"%2(,$%#0"-"M93"8 9$5".")
2""*"."$)##$ #--$#%",5 -%"&4
%"*.",$@.#!". "!' %"")%"! ",%"."4
27-"8#")2*7 9.%( ,"%1,"#4
25!#8*2- %-%&"."(@6 2@) 9%" %/%# 9
"%1"% 9#" , .",-1) ,$%#,,2@)*
%" %",."#&"# 9&"."/-".%6 .5@6."#2"#2")4
%%"#')0 )(*
$%#&"%'""#()(" DK
-
+&)2"#""5@$% -,$ 2-%" , ),"#5.04
",5-,$%# .%('""7-*$)8*"@"--%#"%(,5#')5.%$54"%2-"0")%(,5 , 3#") 95.1*-&"%
. % %$".' %".1")"#@%%5 )217%,"#8
-%.7-*-*]("933;
-
@&6@)%" ,""--"'6 %) )-".%"32-4
-" 9-*444*@261@-% %!(4@6. --%.%Q"(-*1@%#%"! "3 %24
05&6-&2#')0 7%208 -&(-%."" '""-*
%$@"20!# "%" 9**62@ .(.)%" ,2)&'2. %"% -%5 #1#"!5%2"5*
#",$%#"
+-%#!".32(!"" 50(."-#"%(,@ 1@ 9,$%4
#" 9'"" ###()("02" ," %"(," %,-"4
*+)#2($ 1 .-".""0)# %@2*55-56 M .12 32(!2 ,.0 ,$%#" .-".",5 .1 9 9 %*1@32%" ""$-2()(&"%#(5 ,$%#" 9,."4
#*"-%#!".(-%,2'6"@""--)#("#!".""215 0
# %' %",2' "%#" .(0, & M " % -!(@ $
%"2*+-/%"@!' (-".)"@%" "$325748 "%% 22 9,$%#" 97-*"40)#22 #28 ,%#) %".# 2"%"$0&".%0" %*
#")32,$%#-%#"%(,5- 3 %.)".",-1),$%#4
,-1&.%"'"".",5-&"%0% %' *
+."%"".2- % 9&"."/,$%#0#()(0&"%('""
;8"."" "2" 9,$%#0&"%('"" #()(78-"5
",$%#%" "#()(%""%-!",5"(#&"."/2-4
% 9*.-#()"#)( %%",5% &"."/ "2" 9*
B8+%.22&"."/ , .#( M %%, M#()( 9""#
#1 "% 92"3" , %"# 9* +% "")% .#(( #()(
9.% - 3 %'6."0#() % ,0%"&".#(
" $ ","#'6%1@",5 5."0#(,"#2"3" ,#4
')0.#((*(,5"% 0-(#(.%")# 9 !"' 4
' #1 %5."#-2-.%.",(()(
)(()(".,*,(", ##"(2".-.%4
" 2 % %01)2 )2 -&2 -"."" $ -* ) %
##, ,."%,-.%#"%(,"01)- 9.)"
.", (()( )(& #()( ".,* ")%" .#(( -$-(, -. 2
%0)$.2" %,@ %". ,""(#" )"(%-3(,5 "&"."
#1.&0",5 9.7,"##)#.3",)(&.3",82*
$%#&"%'""#()(" DI
-
D8+."5&"."/ "2" 9,'6 %)(
"-".%")'6"%3")3#")'6-.%"(# 9*-4
.%2(%5&6).-% %' -! #-) *
?8,(#(#""#2(#"5"%#()(53(# ,$
,$%#" #(*E%"F"@."#2(#" ,"-"$"%,"#" 92 %4
9*2- %""(#" #" 9%" %"# " ,$"2"")#2
" % "#2(#"" 9,"#" 9 -%.2" 9&"."/*@)%"0".4
"F,"#%0"%"5# ,"#-1&(%2(,5M %(24
(21M",,0"%" , ,"#-1&%2"$)(&
,%2""%,"### ,- 50"%"&5.)"3(# ,""
(#(#(*
K8#&"."/"%"")% "2" 9-&6-""2-*
+()""2 2.)0 %2 5 $ F 2 - % ' 6 % 4
' 6* -%2- %2@"3")3#"673#"68%"-2 54
(%&" 9." 9*-%$("@"$%"-".%5,')-%
$"-1&23")3#" ,*"@.&"."2(&6-""#1".-
(#(#(,-1& #(#"")%*".""-""2% %5
$ "2" 9*&5%(,"$-(,5 -()"FG9""#2- %"4
(#-)0"!"'"2@,,%%"". %-.."")53")3#" ,*4
-.Q"2"32(!"" "#-1&@,-.","#-%-".#
-5-6&2@"&!-.%6@.""-.Q,2- %4
&")", 01)-.%5"(#5H7%[ #;
-
&2-"F")2"2. %"% &"%2'""" ")% &"%2
,$%#")01T"#2"20"" ,@%"" !#(%" %!4
".-"."%" %( ## 9(@ " 9 ."2 %"T")!4
#-%(, "%"2-3)22" %2%*-#"%(,%4
#'6%"#((@ " 2@)' (@ "."0!""@".*G( ,"
,$%#"&"." %"H,7 2@&68%"2@".2#(22.)4
0 %2)(& %272@&6,.-."5.-""$-,
9-%8*,%!"% %".0.2@),%"$0$ ---(4
)" , %) &"."" 9-1! %0,$%#"*0","#( %##()(
-%(,7'".2)(&8-.#(" ,"#&"." %2"@".,
0"" ,@%"2"#$ 2.2"%" , 9.#(" 9)(&
.#(*E 932" ,-"."&2#-"@,
)#'6.""" ,.)#'6M"%,2M" %"#152@"%4
#("6 7-* % #1 )(& % "#8 ") $-(, " ,"#
%*2"%" ,.#(( 92.2(%5%"6%&"."0.@
.022(# 9%"*@" %' #%"6!#
7%!"% %".#.2",(@@,5 9(@##1,$%#"8")24
05&6-."5&"."/" ,.0"29-% %2$ ,*
+%0)5.2."0&"." % 9"2" 9
01) % % &5 %1@"2 "$-(,5 -.,' " &"." % "4
2" 9F
"82.2""!4)' 7"-%#!"." %8L
&82.&".""##%" ,.& % 9 #(# ,#2(#"1L
82."#1@0-"%!@' L
.82..#(4"") %"##22"")L
82. "2" 9" 9)0.#(1 %* #(# ,".#(1
"%,$%# 9 #()( 9&"%1'"""2"")9 %2*
%1@"2%#","#' 2.2- % 9F'64
%".'67)"&)'68"@'67")."&)'68*
;8 & # ' 6FG'62.-2" 9-)0""
(")(-"%")@' #1&"."".-%-".# 9)(&4
2" % 9%2" %" 9"(-%-".%",5 0&".""#1205-4
".%6.%2" %" 9"(1&" 9 -!"6"#H7&)
;
-
G%-$'6 %"##1,.""#")"-".%.-1, 9#1-4
2"41-%#)#"#2,,%""(.-2"(,"2,!"' '
N***O+%(")"(%".' ."0(2(-2"0 ")@#4
')"6 ,"#2-( %#-%-".#-!$!%#%"! ",5 "(%4
#"%"-2 5."0(2(#H7&);
-
&)0"3"
)& 9 9". 7;
-
M 7;
-
# W0 #4 ()" 7;I4;D>*
"6# %)""7;E"/0*2%[&)7;'A"8" ="&""#3("**
9".9P)"3).A7;
-
E#"#%".7;
P> 90* A R0*PW+*"0"%*(#)* J8-"7NFO> = #" 90* A 03. * 92. W 9* =B4;KI*
?? "(%( %"5" 9")) 9
