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DAILY NEWS DIARY 31.07.2020 DAILY NEWS DIARY 31.07.2020
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Dear Student,
Warm Greetings.
DnD aims to provide every day news analysis in
sync with the UPSC pattern.
It is targeted at UPSC – Prelims & Mains.
Daily articles are provided in the form of
Question and Answers
To have a bank of mains questions.
And interesting to read.
Providing precise information that can
be carried straight to the exam, rather
than over dumping.
Enjoy reading.
THE HINDU - TH
INDIAN EXPRESS - IE
BUSINESS LINE - BL
ECONOMIC TIMES - ET
TIMES OF INDIA - TOI
INDEX
Essay Paper
Editorial
1. The purpose and implementation scheme of the New Education Policy, 2020..………..…………………………………………….03
GS 2
Polity
1. Critically analyse the New Education Policy, 2020…………….…05
Snippets
GS 2
International Relations
1. China & the disputed South China Sea………………………………...07
2. The Gandhi-King Scholarly Exchange Initiative Act…………….…08
Environment
3. 5 pointer Critic of the EIA Draft…………………………………………...09
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Essay Paper Editorial
Q – Discuss the purpose and implementation scheme of the
New Education Policy, 2020?
INTRO = An NEP is a comprehensive framework to guide the
development of education in the country. The need for a policy
was first felt in 1964 when Congress MP Siddheshwar Prasad
criticised the then government for lacking a vision and
philosophy for education. The same year, a 17-member
Education Commission, headed by then UGC Chairperson D S
Kothari, was constituted to draft a national and coordinated
policy on education. Based on the suggestions of this
Commission, Parliament passed the first education policy in
1968.
A new NEP usually comes along every few decades. India has had
three to date. The first came in 1968 and the second in 1986,
under Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi respectively; the NEP of
1986 was revised in 1992 when P V Narasimha Rao was Prime
Minister. The third is the NEP released Wednesday under the
Prime Ministership of Narendra Modi.
The NEP proposes sweeping changes such as –
The above reforms will be IMPLEMENTED as follows –
The NEP only provides a broad direction and is not mandatory to follow.
Since education is a concurrent subject (both the Centre and the state
governments can make laws on it), the reforms proposed can only be
implemented collaboratively by the Centre and the states.
This will not happen immediately. The incumbent government has set a
target of 2040 to implement the entire policy. Sufficient funding is also
crucial; the 1968 NEP was hamstrung by a shortage of funds.
The government plans to set up subject-wise committees with members
from relevant ministries at both the central and state levels to develop
implementation plans for each aspect of the NEP.
The plans will list out actions to be taken by multiple bodies, including
the HRD Ministry, state Education Departments, school Boards, NCERT,
Central Advisory Board of Education and National Testing Agency,
among others. Planning will be followed by a yearly joint review of
progress against targets set.
Explanation of the implementation through a few key takeaways of the
NEP, 2020 –
1) Opening up higher education to foreign players - The document states
universities from among the top 100 in the world will be able to set up
campuses in India. While it doesn’t elaborate the parameters to define
the top 100, the incumbent government may use the ‘QS World
University Rankings’ as it has relied on these in the past while selecting
universities for the ‘Institute of Eminence’ status.
2) 4 year multi disciplinary bachelor programme - Under the four-year
programme proposed in the new NEP, students can exit after one year
with a certificate, after two years with a diploma, and after three years
with a bachelor’s degree.
3) Focus on multiple disciplines - The IITs are already moving in that
direction. IIT-Delhi has a humanities department and set up a public
policy department recently.
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IIT-Kharagpur has a School of Medical Science and
Technology. Some of the best universities in the US such as MIT
have very strong humanities departments. Take the case of a civil
engineer. Knowing how to build a dam is not going to solve a
problem. He needs to know the environmental and social impact
of building the dam and etc.
GS 2
Polity
Q – Critically analyse the New Education Policy, 2020 providing
accurate evidences?
BACKGROUND = The challenge of revising the 1986 policy was to
ensure “aspiration is matched by implementation”. And though
the people of India “welcomed” the New Education Policy (NEP)
2020, also questioned the government for not bringing it before
Parliament first for discussion.
1) For instance, the goal of 6% of the GDP to be spent on education,
that was part of the NEP 2020, was first articulated in 1948. In the
six years the education budget had reduced, he said, questioning
how it will reach 6%.
2) He also said the goal of 50% gross enrolment ratio in higher
education and 100% in secondary school education, while
“laudable”, could be tough since it was currently 25.8% in higher
education & 68% in Class 9.
3) The NEP should have offered more tangible and realisable targets
for research. Total investment on research and innovation in India
declined from 0.84% of GDP in 2008 to 0.6% in 2018. There are
currently only 15 researchers in India per 100,000 of population,
compared with 111 in China.
4) The NEP 2020 had also left many unanswered questions on the
upgrade of school infrastructure and shortage of qualified and
trained teachers.
5) While placing the burden of pre-primary education on the
overstretched, under-funded and under-equipped anganwadis was
disastrous.
6) The policy brought with it a fundamental change in the system
towards creating education markets and away from ensuring
universalisation of education through government schools, and
denying quality education to the disadvantaged sections of society.
Over all, the NEP showcases a strong tendency towards privatisation,
commercialisation and over centralisation. The result will be higher
fees, attacks on autonomy of universities and no permanent jobs in
teaching.
The only redeeming feature of the policy was extension of Right to
Education, which currently was only till 14 years of age, to 18 years,
and universalising pre-primary education. Though the success of this
was extremely doubtful, considering the characteristic changes those
were brought in the system.
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Snippets
GS 2
International Relations
China & the disputed South China Sea
Beijing recently conducted “high-intensity” naval exercises in the
South China Sea, as tensions grow over the Asian power’s
manoeuvres in the contested waters.
Chinese H-6G and H-6J jet bombers carried out “high-intensity
training, and completed day-and-night training exercises in taking off
and landing, long-range assault, and attacks on sea targets.
China — which is locked in disputes with neighbours including India,
Japan and Vietnam over islands in the South China Sea — has
infuriated other nations by building artificial islands with military
installations in parts of the sea.
The region is believed to have valuable oil and gas deposits.
Australia has also rejected Beijing’s territorial and maritime claims in
the sea, saying there was “no legal basis” to several of China’s
claims.
Washington declared earlier this month that Beijing’s claims to most
of the sea are illegal, ramping up support for Southeast Asian nations
with claims to parts of it.
International Relations
The Gandhi-King Scholarly Exchange Initiative Act
A Bill authored by American civil rights leader and lawmaker John
Lewis, which seeks to establish an exchange programme between
India and the U.S. to study the work and legacies of Mahatma
Gandhi and civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., passed an
important committee in the U.S. House of Representatives.
The bill will establish annual scholar and student exchange
programmes for Indians and Americans to study the leaders’
legacies and visit historic sites in India and the U.S., relevant to the
India’s freedom struggle and the U.S.’s civil rights movement.
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As the world’s oldest and largest democracies, the U.S. and India
have long traditions of upholding these shared values championed
by figures like Gandhi, King, and Congressman Lewis. But they are
increasingly under threat in both countries. This legislation will help
ensure those values endure and remind us that by holding true to
them, we embody and live up to the best of our two nations
The Bill also seeks to establish the Gandhi-King Global Academy, a
conflict resolution initiative based on the principles of non-
violence.
It proposes the establishment of the U.S.-India Gandhi-King
Development Foundation set up by the U.S. Agency for
International Development (USAID) and the government of India,
organised under Indian law. The Foundation, which has a proposed
budget authorised of up to $30 million per year for five years
through 2025, is tasked with administering grants to NGOs that
work in health, pollution and climate change, education and
empowerment of women.
The Bill was inspired by Mr. Lewis’s visit to India in 2009 to
commemorate the 50th anniversary of Dr. King’s visit to India. Just
like Gandhi and Dr. King, Congressman Lewis shaped the world
through his actions of non-violence, and his life story will
reverberate throughout history. The Gandhi-King Scholarly
Exchange Initiative Act is a fitting tribute to his incredible legacy.
Environment
5 pointer Critic of the EIA Draft
Parliamentary panel to discuss draft EIA and its 5 pointer loopholes
–
a) The draft allowed post-facto approvals which go against the very
principle of assessment and public participation prior to
environmental clearance, and has provisions that will routinely
legitimise illegality.
b) Second, the notification reduces public participation in all steps of
the environment clearance process, lessening the notice period
for public hearing and doing away with them for a large category
of projects.
c) Third, it does away with the environmental impact assessment
altogether in many cases of expansion.
d) Fourth, it increases the validity of environment clearances
allowing projects to “secure” land for long durations even when
they are not constructed.
e) And finally it gives the Union government full powers to appoint
State environmental impact assessment authorities.
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How about this today!?
U.S. economy shrank at a dizzying 33% annual rate in the
April-June quarter, sending the unemployment rate
surging to?
a. 34.1% b. 14.7%
c. 28% d. 44.1%
Hey from yesterday….
The recently in news stolen Indian sculpture - Natesa, a rare sandstone idol in the 9th century of Rajasthan was brought back to India through the ‘India Pride Project’, and belonged to the ___________ of architecture? a. Rajputana Style
b. Prathihara Style
c. Thaneshwar Style
d. Pala Style
Answer: b
NOTE: The sandstone Natesa figure stands tall at almost 4 ft. in a rare
and brilliant depiction of Shiva in the late 9th century Prathihara style of
Rajasthan. A beautiful depiction of Nandi is shown behind the right leg
of the Natesa icon.
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