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Nazwa przedmiotu Chemistry Rok studiów

1

Semestr 2

Osoba odpowiedzialna za realizację przedmiotu

Prof. dr hab. Lech Smoczyński, prof. zw.

Osoba(y) prowadząca(e) przedmiot

Prof. dr hab. Lech Smoczyński, prof. zw. Dr Michał Łuczyński

Grupa treści kształcenia, w ramach której przedmiot jest realizowany

Przedmiot może być realizowany w ramach następujących grup: • grupa treści podstawowych,

Typ przedmiotu

Proszę wskazać, czy jest to przedmiot: • obowiązkowy do zaliczenia semestru/roku studiów,

Przedmioty wprowadzające wraz z wymaganiami wstępnymi

brak wymagań wstępnych

Liczba godzin dydaktycznych

Studia stacjonarne: proseminarium - 5 wykłady – 10 seminaria – 10 ćwiczenia – 25

Liczba punktów ECTS przypisana przedmiotowi

Studia stacjonarne: 4 points ECTS

Forma i warunki zaliczenia przedmiotu

Studia stacjonarne: • egzaminy ustne lub pisemne (otwarte lub testowe) • ocenianie ciągle np. oceny cząstkowe z ćwiczeń lub seminariów

Miejsce realizacji praktyk zawodowych Brak

Opis przedmiotu

Założenia wynikowe i cele przedmiotu (dotyczące wiedzy, umiejętności, postaw i zachowań)

Chemistry is a basic subject and it should precede other subjects like biochemistry. Learning chemistry should base on the laboratory experiments. In the laboratory, student individually performs experiments and measures. Medicine student needs a fundamental background in the field of analytical and physical chemistry, structure, properties and basics of synthesis of chosen organic compounds, for example simple pharmaceuticals. Passing the laboratory, seminars and finally exam should enable full understanding of chosen mechanisms of physicochemical processes that are basis of functioning of organisms. In his future work the graduate should posses the ability of performing laboratory experiments and measures and also a critical analysis of results.

Wykaz literatury podstawowej dostępnej dla studenta

Łuczyński M.K., Wilamowski J., Góra M., Kozik B., Smoczyński L.,Podstawy chemii organicznej. Teoria i praktyka. Wydawnictwo UWM Olsztyn 2008. Kołodziejczyk A., Naturalne związki organiczne. PWN Warszawa 2003. Smoczyński L., Kalinowski S., Wasilewski J., Karczyński F., Podstawy chemii fizycznej z ćwiczeniami. Wydawnictwo UWM 2000. Kędryna T., Chemia ogólna z elementami biochemii. ZamKor Kraków 2007.

Wykaz literatury uzupełniającej

Szczepaniak W., Metody instrumentalne w analizie chemicznej. PWN Warszawa 2007. Wiśniewski W., Majkowska H., Chemia ogólna nieorganiczna. Wydawnictwo UWM Olsztyn 2005. Kalinowski S., Elektrochemia membran lipidowych. Wydawnictwo UWM Olsztyn 2004. Bartosz G., Druga twarz tlenu. PWN Warszawa 2006

Wykaz literatury w języku obcym ( dla studiów magisterskich )

Chang R., Physical Chemistry for the Biosciences. University Science Books 2004. Moore J., Principles of Chemistry. Thomson Learning 2009. Silberberg M., Principles of General Chemistry 2e. McGraw-Hill 2009. Mcmurry J., Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry. Thomson Learning 2010. Timberlake K., General Organic and Biological Chemistry 3 e. Prentice Hall 2009.

Treści kształcenia poszczególnych zajęć: Studia stacjonarne - tematyka: Liczba

godzin:

Pros

emin

ariu

m:

Proszę podać treści programowe przedmiotu określające jego zakres tematyczny.

1. Calculations in a quantitative analysis. Calculation of pH for acid and base. 2. Solubility constant and solubility – calculations. 3. Structure of organic molecules resulting from sp3, sp2 and sp hybridization / 1 h. 4. Mechanisms of reactions with radical and cationic intermediates: free radical

halogenations; free radical addition of HX to alkenes; electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes; electrophilic substitution of arenes / 1 h.

5. Arenes: structure of benzene; aromaticity; resonance; electrophilic substitution; isomerism of the polysubstituted aromatic compounds; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons / 1 h.

5

Wyk

łady

:

6. Water / Structure of water molecule, properties and triple point of water. Water solutions – vapor pressure, distillation, boiling-point elevation, freezing-point depression. Conductivity of water solutions, ionic mobility. Osmosis, osmotic pressure, tonicity of solutions. Water balance in human organism. / 2,5 h.

7. Colloids. / Definition of colloid state, division of colloids. Nanotechnologies. Basic methods for colloid preparation. Structure of micelles, coagulation – coagulation power, coagulants. Electrokinetic phenomena – dzeta potential. Ultramicroscopy, nephelometry, turbidimetry. Gels – definition and basic concepts. Sedimentation. ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. / 2,5 h.

8. Hydrocarbons and isomerism. / Hydrocarbons – division, chemical properties, nomenclature. Structural isomerism: skeletal isomerism, functional groups isomerism, position isomerism. Stereoisomers (spatial isomers): cis-trans isomerism, Z-E isomerism. Chirality and enantiomerism, The Fischer projection, determination of R-S configuration on an asymmetric carbon. Physical and chemical properties of enantiomers. Specific rotation. Diastereoisomers. Molecules with more than one chiral center. Meso compound. Physical and chemical properties of diastereoisomers. Stereoselectivity of reaction and separation of racemate. Biological activity of stereoisomers. / 2,5 h

9. Most important classes of organic compounds. / Alcohols and phenols. Classification and nomenclature of alcohols. Structure of hydroxyl group and properties of alcohols. Alcohols as weak acids. Alcohols as weak bases – substitution and elimination reactions. Comparision of structure of alcohols and phenols. Phenols as weak acids. Aldehydes and ketones. Nomenclature. Structure of carbonyl group and its influence on on physical properties and reactivity of aldehydes and ketones. Nucleophilic addition to carbonyl group. Reactivity of so called α hydrogen atoms; aldol condensation. Redox reactions of aldehydes and ketones, oxidation of aldehydes, Cannizzaro reaction, oxidation of methyl ketones in haloform reactions. Reduction of aldehydes and ketones. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Nomenclature. Structure, physical properties and reactivity. Carboxylic acids salts – synthesis and hydrolysis. Factors influencing acid strenght. Substitution of hydroxyl group. Synthesis of carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids derivatives: structure, classification and reactivity. Nucleophilic substitution to acyl group – reaction mechanisms. Synthesis, nomenclature and reactions of acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, esters, amides and nitriles. Estrification mechanism. Amines – classification and nomenclature. Aromatic and aliphatic amines. Structure, physical properties and reactivity of amines. Basicity of amines. Amines as nucleophiles. Use of diazonium salts in organic synthesis. / 2,5 h

10

Sem

inar

ia:

Proszę podać treści programowe przedmiotu określające jego zakres tematyczny. Np.:

10. Organisational matters / Themes of seminars. Assignment of subjects of presentations 1 and 2. Discussion on other presentations themes. Organisational matters and regulations. / -1 h

11. Chemical calculations. Chemistry of free radicals / Presentation No. 1 – Calculation of a) pH of salt solution, b) ion activity, c) in Chemical Statics. Presentation No. 2 – Generation of free radicals. Reactive oxygen forms. Hypochlorous acid and it’s derivatives. Nitrogen oxide and peroxynitrite. Ogranic free radicals. Inactivation of free radicals. Destructive activity of free radicals towards cell building substances. Positive influence of free radical on the organism. / - 2 h

12. Chemical kinetics. Electrochemistry. / Presentation No. 3 – Molecularity of reaction and reaction order, reaction rate coefficient I and II order – graphical and mathematical description, half-life (pharmaceutical, radioactive substance), determination of reaction order, influence of temperature on the reaction rate – van’t Hoff factor and Arrhenius equation, activation energy in chosen biochemical processes. Presentation No. 4 – Redox processes – natural importance, aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic processes (hydrogen sulphide, septicity). Electrochemistry. Potential of half cell (Nernst potential). Indicating and reference electrodes. Chemical (galvanic) and concentration cells. Electrode polarization and overpotential. Amperometric analytical methods. Physicochemistry of body breathing./ 2 h

13. Sterane chemistry. Heterocyclic compounds. Carbohydrates / Presentation No. 5 – Nomenclature of steroids. Chemical properties. Influence of substituents on chemical properties. Sterane stereochemistry α- and β-sterane. Structure and properties of cholesterol, cholic acid and bile AIDS. Steroid hormones (glucosteroids, androgens, estrogenes) – synthesis. Cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene. Presentation No. 6 – Heterocyclic compounds important for human organism. Vitamins. Nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur and elenium heterocycles. Presentation No. 7 – Structure and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides responsible for structural and stocking functions. Biologically important carbohydrate derivatives: glycosides, homoglycanes, heteroglycanes. Glykoproteins and proteoglycanes. / 2 h

14. Lipids and biological membranes. Nucleic acids. Eicosanoids. / Presentation No. 8 - Lipids. Waxes and fats. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids: structure, properties and nomenclature. Phospholipids. Glycolipids. Terpenes. Biological membranes – structure and function. Chemical and physical structure of cell membranes. Functions of biological membranes. Different kinds of transport through membranes. Detectors of smell and taste. Biosensors. Presentation No. 9 – Structure and physic-chemical properties of nitrogen bases. Structure and biological impact of nucleosides and nucleotides. Structure and properties of nucleic acids. Enzymes and co-enzymes. Genotoxicity. Oxidative metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Structure-activity correlation of chosen organic compounds. Presentation No. 10 – Arachidonic acid – structure, properties, occurrence. Arachidonic acid derivatives formed on the cyclooxygenase path (prostaglandins, prostacyclins, tromboxanes) on the lipoxygenase path (leucotrienes, lipoxins, hepoxins, trioxylins) and epoxygenase path. Isoprostanes. / 2 h.

15. Final seminar. / Summary of laboratory and seminars, marks. / 1 h.

Ćw

icze

nia:

Proszę podać treści programowe przedmiotu określające jego zakres tematyczny. Np.:

16. Introductory laboratory. / Safety regulations. Introduction to the basic equipement and operations. / 1 h

17. Buffer solutions. / Buffers – kinds, composition and properties. Buffers of body fluids (carbonate, phosphate, albumin buffer). Preparation of buffer solutions (buffered solution of saline PBS). Determination of buffer capacity. Examination of influence of dilution on pH of buffer solution and buffer capacity. / 4 h

18. Potentiometric method of determination of pK and isoelectric point of amino acids. / Basicity and acidity of amino acids. Potentiometric titration curves of amino acids. Determination of pK and isoelectric point from potentiometric titration curve. Potentiometry. Electrodes for pH measurement. / 4 h

19. Quantitaive determination of protein content using spectrophotometric method. / Fundamentals of absorption spectrophotometry. Colorimetry. Lambert-Beer rule. Molar absorption coefficient. Standard curve (model, calibration curve). Principle for quantitaive determination of protein content by the biuret method. / 4 h

20. TLC. Aspirin and paracetamol. / Thin layer chromatography (TLC). Retention factor. Separation of vegetable dyes by means of thin layer chromatography. Synthesis of popular pharmaceuticals: Aspirin and paracetamol. Estimation of purity of the product: melting point and thin layer chromatography (TLC). / 4 h

21. Fats. Amino-acids, proteins. Sugars. / Examination of solubility of fats. Basic hydrolysis of fats – saponification. Determination of the character of fat. Amphoteric properties of amino-acids. Weak acidic properties of amino-acids. Reaction with generated in situ nitrous acid(III) (diazotization). Reaction with copper salts. Reaction with ninhydrin. Millon reaction. Biuret test. Cystine test. Denaturation of proteins. Xanthoproteic test. Molish test. Reducing properties of simple sugars – Tollens and Fehling tests. Seliwanow test. Acidic hydrolysis of sucrose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of sucrose, Reactions of polysaccharides with Lugol’s iodine. / 4 h

25

22. Natural products. / Steam distillation and liquid-liquid extraction: preparation of clove oil. Essential oils, steam distillation. Extraction and drying of organic solvents solutions – preparation and characterization of clove oil. Isolation of trimiristin from nutmeg – use of Soxhlet apparatus. / 4 h

Total number of hours: 45