O:nfd tyf lxGb wd - islam chat

O:nfd tyf lxGb" wd{Ps ;ldIffTds cWoog

;f]lkmof k/jLg

k|sfzs

b d];]h klAns]zg306f3/, sf7df8f}+ .

kf]=a=g+= @*(^, kmf]g g= $@@@^@%(, $@$#&@@

k':ts M O:nfd tyf lxGb" wd{ Ps ;ldIffTds cWoog

;+sns÷n]lvsf M ;f]lkmof k/jLg

k|sfzs M b d];]h klAns]zg

©;jf{lwsf/ M k|sfzs

;+:s/0f M @)^% ciff9 -h'g @))*_

k|sflzt k|lt M !)))

sDKo'6/ ;]l6Ë M ;gf]h zfSo

d'b|s M rf?dlt lk|lG6Ë k|];, kmf]g $–@@(*^&

d"No M ¿= $#.–

k|fSsyg

;Dk"0f{ k|z+;f pg} cNnfxsf nflu x'g\ h;n] o; wtL{dfly ;aeGbfklxnf] dfgj hf]8Lsf] ;[li6 u/] / pgLx¿åf/f ;f/f :qL / k'¿ifx¿sf] ;[li6 u/] .;[hgfsf] klxnf] lbgb]lv g} dfgjhfltnfO{ cfjZos k/]sf x/]s s'/fsf] k"lt{ u/]/ p;sf nflu ;Lwf dfu{bz{g u/] . cGoyf dflg;x¿ cfkm} af6f] kfpg;Sb}gy] . cNnfxn] dfgjnfO{ hLjgofkgsf nflu x/]s s'/fsf] k|of]u ug{]tl/sf atfP . ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhflt cNnfx s} ;[li6 x'g\ . t;y{ pgLk|lt cfef/L eO{pgs} dlxdfufgsf ;fy pgs} pkf;gf ug{' g} dflg;x¿n] ug{ of]Uo sfo{ xf] .

cNnfxn] dfgjhfltnfO{ ;Lwfdfu{ bz{gsf] p2]Zon] k6s k6s x/]so'udf cfˆgf b"tx¿ k7fP / ltgLx¿dWo] s]xL /;"ndfly cfˆgf u|Gy klgcjtl/t u/] . h;sf] dfWodaf6 dflg;x¿n] Ps lglZrt cjlw;Dd ;Todfu{df hLjgofkg u/] cGttM kye|i6 eP . h;sf] sf/0f cfˆgf] u|Gydf km]/abn ug{' / cfˆgf dgf]sfdgfx¿sf] cg'z/0f ug{' lyof] . oxfF;Ddls pgLx¿n]b"tx¿sf kb lrGxx¿ ;d]t d]l6lbP . cNnfxsf o:tf s}of}+ b"tx¿ 5g\h;sf] j0f{g xfdL s'/cfg dhLbdf kfpF5f}+ .

tL wd{u|Gyx¿df kl/jt{g ePtfklg To;df w]/} o:tf ;Tox¿ 5g\h;nfO{ pgLx¿n] abNg ;s]gg\ / cfh klg tL wd{u|Gyx¿df ljBdfg 5g\/ ;Tosf] vf]hL ug{]x¿ To;sf] tx;Dd k'Ub5g\ / To;nfO{ k|sfzdf NofP/}5f8\5g\ . Ps dg'iosf nflu olx s'/f of]Uo klg 5 ls p;n] ;Tosf] vf]hLu/f];\ / To; cg';f/ hLjgofkg u/f];\ . dfgj hfltdfly cNnfxsf] of] 7"nf]cg'u|x / cg'sDkf /x]sf] 5 ls ha ha dfgjhflt kye|i6 eP pgn] cfˆgf]]b"tnfO{ k7fpFb} u/] . cGtdf ;Gb]i6f xh/t d'xDdb -;=_ nfO{ cfˆgf]] clGtdu|Gy s'/cfgsf ;fy cflv/t;Ddsf nflu clGtd ;Gb]i6fsf] ¿kdf k7fP h'gafrf :jo+ cNnfxn] o;} u|Gydf u/]sf 5g\ . -;"/x lxh| Znf]sM(_ . d'xDdb -;=_sf] hLjgL klg s'/cfgs} ;fy dfu{bz{ssf] ¿kdf /xg] 5 / o; s'/fsf] j0f{gklg o;} s'/cfgdf ljBdfg 5 . -;"/x cx\hfa Znf]sM @!_ dfgjn] rfx]df o;}cg';f/ hLjgofkg u/]/ nf]s tyf k/nf]s b'j}sf] ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\ .

;Tosf] vf]hL ug{]x¿sf] cf:yf ta dha't x'G5, ha cGo wd{u|Gyx¿dfklg ToxL ;To vf]Hgdf pm ;kmn x'G5 h;sf] j0f{g s'/cfgdf ul/Psf] 5 .

o;af6 Pp6f 7"nf] nfe of] klg x'G5 ls To; ;Toaf6 cr]t dflg;n] r]tgfk|fKt ub{5 / To;sf] cg';/0fdf nfUb5 . o;} p2]ZonfO{ dWogh/ u/L O:nfdwd{sf] VoftL k|fKt k|jQmf tyf ljåfg 8f= hfls/ gfOsn] lxGb" wd{u|Gyx¿sf]uxg cWoog u/L To:tf ;Tox¿nfO{ lgsfn]/ dfgj hflt ;dIf NofPsf 5g\h;af6 :jod\ lxGb" wdf{jnlDjx¿ klg cjut lyPgg\ g clxn] g} 5g\ .

8f= hfls/ gfOs k]zfut ¿kn] 8fS6/ x'g\ . t/ clxn] cNnfxsf]cg'u|x / s[kfn] dflg;x¿sf] la/fdL cfTdfsf] pkrf/df h'l6/x]sf5g\ . pgLO:nfdsf] Pp6f 7"nf] k|jQmf x'g\ . O:nfd Ps O{Zj/Lo hLjg k4lt xf] .pgsf] k|jrg tyf jQmJox¿ Audio / Audio Visual sf] ¿kdf k|fKt 5g\ .

Plzof dxfåLksf] Pp6f 7"nf] ;d"x lxGb" wd{df cf:yf /fVb5g\ h;cGtu{t xfd|f] of] ;fgf] b]z g]kfn klg kb{5 . oL ;a} cfkm"n] dfg]sf] wd{sf]lzIffaf6 6f9f dfq geO{ o;af6 cgle1 klg 5g\ . o; kl/l:yltnfO{Wofgdf /fv]/ Ps o:tf] k':tssf] cfjZostf dx;"; eof] h;n] lxGb"wd{u|Gyx¿df /x]sf ;Tox¿nfO{ cfd hgdfg; ;dIf Nofof];\ . o;} p2]Zon]8f= hfls/ gfOssf] efif0f nufot cGo y'k|} k':ts / n]vx¿nfO{ cfwf/agfO{ o; lstfasf] /rgf ul/Psf] 5 . n]lvsf ;f]lkmof k/jLgn] w]/} g}d]xgtsf ;fy o; sfo{nfO{ ;DkGg ul/g\ . o;sf] nflu pgn] cg]sf}+k':tsfnoaf6 wfld{s k':tssf] cWoog tyf wd{u'?x¿;Fu s'/fsfgL ul/g\ .tL wd{u|Gyx¿sf g]kfnL cg'jfb;Fu ;d]t t'ngf ul/g\ / k"0f{ ;Gt'li6 kZrftdfq tL Znf]sx¿sf cy{ o; k':tsdf ;fd]n ul/g\ .

cfzf 5 ls of] k':ts x/]s ;Tosf] vf]hL ug{]x¿sf nflu cltpko'Qm x'g]5 . kf7sju{n] o;df pNn]lvt ;TonfO{ ckgfO{ To;sf] cg'z/0fklg ug{] 5g\ . d cNnfx;Fu k|fy{gf ub{5' ls pgn] x/]s dfgj hfltnfO{;t\dfu{ k|bfg u¿g\ lsg ls dfu{bz{g pg}sf] xftdf 5 t/ of] p;nfO{ dfqk|bfg ub{5g\ hf] o;sf] vf]hLdf x'G5 .

cGtdf cNnfx;Fu of] klg k|fy{gf 5 ls pgn] o; sfo{nfO{ :jLsf¿g\/ o;nfO{ n]lvsf, k|sfzs / :jod\ o; sfo{sf sf/ssf nflu ;bsf=P–hl/of -hf/L /xg] k'0o_ sf] bhf{ k|bfg u¿g\ . cfdLg\ Û

h'nkmsf/ cnL -cnLu_lj/f6gu/, g]kfn .

e"ldsf

o; hutdf dfgj Ps ;j{>]i7 k|f0fL xf] h;df xfdL uj{ ub{5f}+ . of]Ps uf}/jsf] ljifo xf] lsg eg] a'l4ljj]sn] sfd ug{] Ifdtf / zlQm s]jndflg;df dfq x'G5 . oxL Ifdtfs} sf/0fn] ubf{ dflg;x¿ cfˆgf] hLjgdfcfOkg{] k|foM ;a} vfn] ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Ifd x'g] ub{5g\ . To;}n]klg o; wtL{df dflg;n] /fh ug{ ;s]sf] 5 . o;y{ dflg; cToGt anjfga'l4dfg tyf zlQmdfg 5g\ eGbf km/s gknf{ .

dflg; r]tgzLn k|f0fL xf] . dflg;df r]tgfsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ g} pmx/bd gofF zf]w–vf]hsf sfo{df Jo:t x'g] ub{5 . o:tf zf]w–vf]hsf sfo{x¿s]jn ;'v, P]z cf/fdsf j:t'x¿sf] k|flKtsf nflu dfq geO{ hLjgsf]jf:tljs p2]Zo clg ;[li6stf{ af/]sf] ;Tosf] vf]hLdf klg x'g] u/]sf]kfOG5 . o;sf pbfx/0fx¿ xfdL Oltxf;sf 36gfx¿af6 k|z:t} kfpg]ub{5f}+ . log} Oltxf;sf 36gfx¿df o:tf s]xL ljlzi6 JolQm tyf pgsf]hLjgLaf/] cWoog ug{ kfpF5f}+ h;n] cfˆgf] cd"No hLjg s]jn ;Totfsf]vf]hLdf latfOlbP / cGtt cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf 1fg tyf lzIffx¿ ;a}nfO{lbP/ o; wtL{af6 ;bfsf nflu ljbf eP . o;af6 s] :ki6 x'G5 eg]dflg;nfO{ ;Tosf] vf]hL ug{ dflg;sf] r]tgf tyf p;sf] r]tgfzLn k|j[ltn]k|]l/t ub{5 . kmn:j¿k pm ;kmn klg aGb5 .

oBkL dflg; hlt r]tgzLn tyf ;j{>]i7 eP tfklg To;n] s]jnPs lglZrt ;Ldf;Dd dfq sfo{ ub{5 . cyf{t\ dg'iosf] 1fg, zlQm tyf;fdYo{df k"0f{tf 5}g . o; ljZj–a|x\df08 tyf dg'iosf] ;[li6 s'g p2]Zon]ePsf] xf] < d[To' kZrft dg'io sxfF ljlng x'g] ub{5 < o;sf] jf:tljstfaf/];TotYo hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{] ;fdYo{ dg'iodf 5}g . s]jn cfˆgf]] a'l4 /ljj]sn] oL ;a}sf] jf:tljstf k|fKt ug{ c;+ej 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf dflg;n]sNkgf zlQmsf] k|of]u ug{] ub{5 . t/ b'ef{Uojz ;a} dg'iosf cnu–cnu /cfˆg} k|sf/sf sNkgfx¿ x'g] ub{5g\ / of] dfgjLo :jefj xf] ls p;nfO{cfˆg} sNkgf tyf efjgf g} lk|o nfUb5 . h;n] ubf{ sltko O{Zj/Lojf0fLx¿df ;d]t cljZjf;sf efjx¿ l;h{gf x'g] ub{5g\ . kmn:j¿k Pscfk;df dt–leGgtf, åGå, 3[0ff, k|ltzf]w, lx+;f cflb h:tf cjflG5t tTjx¿pTkGg eO{ clk|o jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf x'G5 .

t/ jf:tljstf of] xf] ls ;To ;w}+ Pp6} / ckl/jt{gLo x'g] ub{5 .Tof] ;To xf] ls o; ljZj–a|x\df08 tyf dg'io h:tf k|f0fLsf] ;[li6 ug{];[li6stf{ sf] xf]nfg\ < cjZo klg pgL o; ;'Gb/ ;+;f/sf] /rgf ug{] Ps;j{>]i7 /rgfsf/ x'g\, dg'io h:tf k|f0fLsf] ;[li6 ug{ ;Sg] cnf}lss zlQmsfwgL Ps ;j{–zlQmdfg x'g\ . cem ;a}n] a'‰g] efiffdf eGg'kbf{ pgL PsO{Zj/ x'g\ .

……Ps O{Zj/ÚÚ hGd / d[To'eGbf dfly 5g\ tyf pgsf] :j¿k xfd|f]sNkgfeGbf aflx/ /x]sf] 5 . h;n] ;f/f ;+;f/ tyf dg'iox¿sf] /rgf ;–p2]Zo u/] . o:tf] Pp6f klg /rgf e]l6+b}g h'g lg¿2]Zo ;fljt xf];\ . of];[li6stf{sf] ckf/ s[kf tyf k|]d xf] h;n] dg'iosf lh1f;f tyf zf]w–vf]hnfO{ k"0f{tf k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ . dg'iox¿nfO{ lg¿2]Zo eO{ o; ;[li6dfe6\lsgsf nflu 5f]8]gg\ . a¿ ;[li6stf{n] cfkm" Ps /x]sf] tyf cfˆgf]]cl:tTj /x]sf] hfgsf/L ljleGg o'u tyf O{zb"tx¿ / pgLx¿dfly cjtl/tu|Gyx¿ dfkm{t k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ . log} O{zb"tx¿ dfkm{t O{Zj/n] dg'ionfO{hLjgsf] p2]Zo klg atfP .

……cfbd, g"x, Oa|fxLd, cfn] Od/fgnfO{ ;+;f/sf dfgjx¿ dWo]af6rog ul/of]Æ . -s'/cfg #M##_

ljZjsf] klxnf] dfgj Pj+ O{zb"t cfbd -c=_ lyP . h;n] cfˆgf;Gtfgx¿nfO{ O:nfdsf] d"n lzIff lbg] ub{y], Tof] xf] ……pkf;gfsf] of]Uos]jn Ps cNnfx -O{Zj/_ÚÚ . cfbd -c=_ kl5 cfPsf ;a} O{zb"tx¿ h;dWo]xh/t g"x -c=_, xh/t Oa|fxLd -c=_, xh/t bfpb -c=_, xh/t d";f -c=_,xh/t O{;f -c=_, xh/t d'xDdb -;=_ nufot ljleGg O{zb"tx¿n] ljleGglzIffx¿ lbP h;sf] d"n lzIff Ps]Zj/jfbsf] /x]sf] s'/f kljq s'/cfgn]k'li6 ub{5 . s'/cfg eGb5 – ……elgb]pm ls pgL -O{Zj/_ Ps 5g\\ÚÚ -!!@M!_……pg} cNnfx x'g\, pgL afx]s sf]xL k"Ho k|e" 5}gg\ÚÚ -@*M&)_ . j]bfGtsf] a|x\d;"qn] eGb5 – ……a|Dx Ps dfq 5g\, bf];|f] 5}gg\, 5Fb} 5}gg\, s0f a/fa/ klg5}gg\ÚÚ . o;n] klg Ps]Zj/jfbsf] k'li6 ub{5 .

h;/L s'g} Ps /fi6«df b'O{ zf;s x'Fb}gg\ To;/L g} k'/} a|x\df08dfs]jn Ps zf;ss} ;Qf ;Dej x'G5 . o; tYonfO{ k|i6 kfb{} s'/cfg eGb5M ……olb oL b'O{ -wtL{ / cfsfzdf_ cNnfx afx]s cGo zf;s eO{ lbPsf] eP

b'j}sf] Joj:yf lau|GYof] .ÚÚ -@!M@@_ oL ;a}af6 Pp6} lgisif{ lg:sG5 / Tof]xf] O{Zj/ Ps 5g\, . cg]s ;[li6x¿sf ;[li6stf{ s]jn Ps 5g\ .

t/ pgsf u'0f clg ljz]iftfx¿ cg]s 5g\ . h:t} cNnfx a|Dx -vflns_ cyf{t ;[li6stf{ x'g\, lji0f' -/a_ cyf{t kfngxf/ x'g\, ;+xf/stf{cyf{t cn–sx\xf/ x'g\, x/]s lrhsf 1ftf -tTjbzL{_ x'g\, hGdbftf x'g,d[To'bftf x'g\, ;Dk"0f{ ljZj a|x\df08s} Ps dfq zf;s x'g\ cflb OToflb . oLljleGg ljz]iftfx¿s} cfwf/df Ps O{Zj/nfO{ cg]s O{Zj/ egL sNkgf ug{'ts{ ;Fut b]lv+b}g / o:tf] sfo{ dfgjsf nflu Ps cIfDo ck/fw xf] egLs'/cfg eGb5 . cg]s u'0fx¿ tyf ljz]iftfx¿sf afah'b O{Zj/ Ps lyP,Ps 5g\ / Ps g} /xg] 5g\ .

kljq s'/cfgdf O{Zj/n] ;a}eGbf c;n sfo{ Ps]Zj/ -tf}lxb_ nfO{x[bob]lv g} :jLsf/ ug{' xf] eg]sf 5g\ . ;a}eGbf v/fa sfo{ Ps O{Zj/sf]:yfgdf c¿ s;}nfO{ ;dfj]z ug{' jf ;fem]bf/ 7x¥ofpg' xf] eg]sf 5g\ .

lgisif{df o; ;Gb]zsf] d"n p2]Zo xf], ;a}n] cfˆgf jf:tljs ;[li6stf{sf]klxrfg u¿g\ . O{Zj/n] rfx]adf]lhdsf] hLjg ofkg u¿g\ . To; jf:tljsO{Zj/ -cNnfx_ h'g sNkgfdf cfwfl/t g/xL k|df0f tyf ;To tYodf cfwfl/t/x]sf 5g lsg eg] cNnfx eGb5g\ ls dg'iosf lglDt of] hLjg s]jn Psk/LIff xf] h;sf] kmn o; nf]s tyf k/nf]s b'j}df kfpg] 5g\ . nf]s /k/nf]ssf] ;kmntf s]jn O{Zj/n] /f]h]sf] dfu{af6 g} k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .

t;y{ cfl:ts / gfl:ts x/]s lsl;dsf kf7sx¿nfO{ of] k':ts;fy{s l;4 x'g]5 eGg] cfzf ub{5' / ;Tosf] vf]hLdf /xg] x/]s JolQmx¿sfx[bodf o;n] :yfg kfcf];\ egL cNnfx tcfnf;Fu k|fy{gf ub{5' .

o; n]vgdf af/Daf/ dnfO{ lgb{]lzt ug{'x'g] cfb/0fLo df}nfgfh"Nkmsf/ cnLHo" k|lt xflb{s s[t1tf 1fkg ub{5' h;sf] k|f]T;fxgn] ubf{g} d}n] of] k':ts tof/ u/]sL 5' . cfjZos ;fdu|Lx¿ pknAw u/fO{ d]/f]o; sfo{nfO{ ;xh kfg{ d2t ug{] O:nfdL k':tsfno -ldNnt] O:nfdLofg]kfn_ / cGo k':tsfno k|lt tyf d]/f uNtLx¿ cf}NofpFb} cfjZos;'emfj / efiff z'l4s/0fdf ;d]t ;3fpg' x'g] O/kmfg kf]v/]n ;/k|ltcfef/ JoQm ub{5' .

d s'g} wd{lj1 tyf efifflj1 geP klg 8f= hfls/ gfOs nufotljleGg ljåfg n]vs, ljrf/sx¿sf] n]vg / egfO{nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ of]k':ts tof/ kf/]sL x'F . o;df o:tf s]xL efu x'g ;S5g\ h'g c:ki6xf]nfg\ . of] cg'jfbsf] qmddf x'g uPsf] d]/} zAbsf] bf]if x'g ;S5 .

sDKo"6/ 6fOlkË tyf ;]l6Ëdf ;gf]h zfSoHo", To:t} cd"No ;'emfj /;xof]usf nflu df}nfgf gh¿n x;g kmnfxL -cWoIf, O:nfdL ;+3 g]kfn_ /df}nfgf cnfp2Lg kmnfxLHo"k|lt xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' . d]/f s]xLldqx¿ h;n] k|ToIf, ck|ToIf ¿kn] dnfO{ o; sfo{df d2t k'¥ofPsf 5g\,pgLx¿k|lt klg cfef/ JoQm ub{} cfufdL lbgx¿df klg o:t} ;xof]u /;b\efjsf] ck]Iff /fVb5' . d nufot ;Dk"0f{ ;xof]uL kfqx¿dfly cNnfxsf]s[kf b[li6 /lx/xf];\ . cfdLg\ .

cGtdf kf7sju{;Fu cg'/f]w ub{5' ls o; k':tssf]] cWoog kZrfto;df q'l6x¿ /x]df /rgfTds ;'emfj lbg' xf]nf h;n] ubf{ eljiosf]k|sfzgx¿df ;'wf/ x'g ;sf];\ / of] k':ts cem a9L nfebfoL aGg ;sf];\ .

;f]lkmof k/jLgh'g @))*

ljifo ;"rL

qm=;++ ljifo k[i7 ;+Vof

!= k|:tfjgf ============================================================================ !

@= O:nfd tyf lxGb" wd{sf] kl/ro ===============================================#

#= wfld{s u|Gyx¿sf gfd tyf kl/ro ====================================== %–&

s_ lxGb" wd{sf u|Gyx¿======================================================== %

v_ O:nfd wd{sf u|Gyx¿ ==================================================== &

$= lxGb" wd{df k|fy{gf ================================================================ (

%= Ps]Zj/jfb / wd{–u|Gyx¿ =================================================== !)

^= wd{u|Gyx¿df b]jb"t -kml/Ztf_ af/]sf] wf/0ff ============================!%

&= d'xDdb -;=_ lxGb" wd{u|Gyx¿df ============================================ !*

*= dfgj¿kLjfb (Anthropomorphism)= ===================================== @(

(= O:nfdsf cf:yfsf :tDex¿ / cfwf/lznfx¿========================== #!

!)= wd{u|Gyx¿df d[To'kl5sf] hLjg ============================================= #^

!!= wd{u|Gyx¿df kbf{sf] ckl/xfo{tf =========================================== $@

!@= wd{u|Gyx¿df dlb/f Pj+ h'jfsf] pNn]v ================================== $%

!#= s]xL ;fdfGo lh1f;f tyf ltgsf ;dfwfg ============================== $^

!$= lgisif{ ============================================================================== %$

!%= ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx¿ ================================================================ %&

O:nfd tyf lxGb" wd{–Ps ;ldIffTds cWoog 1

k|:tfjgf

!_ z'¿ O{Zj/sf] gfdaf6 hf] cToGt s[kfn' Pj+ bofn' 5g\ .

@_ x/ k|sf/sf :t'lt -s]jn lt_ O{Zj/sf nflu hf] ;d:t ;[li6sf kfngxf/ x'g\ .

#_ hf] cToGt} s¿0ffdo / k/d bofn' 5g\ .

$_ hf] abnf -k|ltkmn_ lbOg] lbgsf :jfdL x'g\ -h'g lbg cfˆgf sfo{x¿sf]kl/0ffd ;a}n] kfpg] 5g\_

%_ -x] O{Zj/ Û_ xfdL ltd|} aGbgf ub{5f}+ / ltdL;Fu ;xfotf dfUb5f}+ .

^_ -x] O{Zj/ Û_ xfdLnfO{ -sNof0fsf]_ ;Lwf dfu{ b]vfp .

&_ Tof] dfu{ hf] -h'g dfu{ ckgfpFbf_ ltd|f] s[kfkfq eP, g ls -h'g dfu{ckgfpFbf_ ltd|f k|sf]ksf efuL ePsf, g kye|i6 ePsfx¿sf] dfu{ g} .

dSsfdf cjtl/t oL & j6f Znf]sx¿n] o'Qm o; :t'lt O{z–u|Gys'/cfgsf] k|f/lDes cWofo xf] . of] Ps o:tf] JolQm -O{Zj/ eQm_ sf] k|fy{gfxf] hf] cfˆgf ;[li6stf{ -a|Xd_ sf] u'0f–ufgdf tNnLg 5 t/ pm tL O{Zj/sf]:t'ltdf dUg 5}g, hf] j+z, hflt tyf wfld{s ;Dk|bfox¿sf k|e' x'g\ a¿ pgL…/Aa–pn–cfndLgÚ -;j{nf]s dx]Zj/_ sf] :t'ltdf tNnLg 5 hf] ;d:t;[li6sf kfngxf/ -lji0f'_ x'g\ / h;n] ;d:t dfgjhfltnfO{ ;dfg ¿kn]kfng ub{5g\ / pgsf] s¿0ff ;dfg tyf ;a}sf nflu x'g\ . o;kl5 cfˆgf;[li6stf{nfO{ k'sfg{sf lglDt pgsf ljifodf hlt klg u'0fx¿af/] eQmnfO{1fg 5 tL dWo] s]jn bof / Gofosf cltl/Qm c¿ s]xL 5}g . pm cfˆgfkfngxf/sf ;fd' gtd:ts eO{ pgsf] elQmsf nflu lz/f]wfo{ ub{5 / of]eGb5 ls s]jn ltdL g} xf} h;sf ;fd' elQmefjn] d]/f] lz/ e'mSb5, s]jnltdL g} xf} hf] xfd|f ;f/f si6 / cefjdf ;xfos 5f} . eQmn] cfˆgf]]pkf;gf / ;xfotf b'j}sf] ofrgf s]jn Ps tTjsf ;fy ;Da4 ul/lbG5 /o; k|sf/ ;+;f/sf ;f/f zlQmx¿, x/ k|sf/sf ;Qfwf/Lx¿af6 cfkm"nfO{;DaGw–ljR5]b ul/lbG5 . ca s;}sf ;Dd'v pm xft km}nfpFb}g . pm caO{Zj/;Fu ;To / ;xL dfu{ lgb{]zsf] sfdgf / ;f] lgb{]zgsf] kfngf ug{ ;Sg];fdYo{sf] ofrgf ub{5 . t/ s'g ;xL / ;To dfu{sf] < s'g} ljz]if j+zn]b]vfPsf] ;To dfu{ < s'g} hfltn] b]vfPsf] dfu{ < jf s'g} ljz]if wfld{s;d'bfon] b]vfPsf] dfu{ <

2 O:nfd tyf lxGb" wd{–Ps ;ldIffTds cWoog

xf]Og tL ;Todfu{ h'g ;+;f/sf ;d:t wfld{s cfofdx¿ / ;d:tO{zb"tx¿, ;r]tsx¿sf ;'–;Ddt dfu{ h;sf] ;Gb]zx¿sf] cWoog tyfljZn]if0f kZrft ;Dk"0f{ dfgj;dIf k|i6 x'G5, rfx] tL s'g} o'usf] x'g\ jf s'g}j+zsf] jf s'g} hfltsf] . o;k|sf/ tL eQm kye|i6tfsf] dfu{af6 aRg rfxG5g\t/ oxfF klg s'g} ljz]if j+z jf hflt tL dfu{x¿af6 aRg rfxG5 h'g;+;f/sf ;d:t kye|i6 dg'ion] cg';/0f ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o;/L tL eQmn]ug{] ofrgf ;d:t dfgj dfqsf cToGt Jofks enfO{, ;Totf / ;'sd{ x'g\/ h'g s'/faf6 aRg rfxG5 Tof] klg dfgjtfsf] ljZjJofkL v/faL x'g\ .

Ps}l5g ljrf/ ug{'xf];\ t, wfld{s cjwf/0ffsf] of] ¿kn] dfgjsf]dfgl;stfsf] s:tf] k|sf/sf] 9fFrf k|:t't ub{5 < h'g dg'iosf] dg /dl:tis o:t} 9fFrfdf 9n]/ lg:sG5 tL s:tf k|sf/sf dg'io xf]nfg\ <slDtdf klg tkfO{+ oL b'O{ s'/fx¿nfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg'x'Gg . Tof] xf] p;sf]cfl:tstf O{Zj/sf] Jofks s¿0ff / p;sf] ;f}Gbo{sf] cjwf/0ffdf cfwfl/tcfl:tstf x'G5 / s'g} klg ¿kdf pm j+z cyjf hflt of ;d'bfox¿sfcg'ofoL dg'io x'Fb}g, pm t Jofks dfgjtfsf] dfgj x'G5, o:tf] dfgjtf h'gg}ltstfdf c8]sf] x'G5 . …wd{Ú g}ltstfsf] cfwf/ xf] / sf}/flgs lzIffsf]-s'/cfgsf] lzIffsf]_ jf:tljs cfTdf oxL xf] .


O:nfd tyf lxGb" wd{sf] kl/ro

‘lxGb"’sf] zflAbs cy{

lxGb" zAb;Fu ef}uf]lns ljz]iftf ufFl;Psf] kfOG5 . oyfy{df of] zAb…l;Gw'Ú cyjf …OGb'; gbLÚ j/k/sf afl;Gbfx¿sf lglDt k|of]u ul/GYof] . s]xLOltxf;sf/x¿sf cg';f/ o; zAbsf] k|of]u k|yd k6s s]xL kl;{ogx¿af6ePsf] lyof] hf] pQ/ klZrd lxdfno x'Fb} ef/t k;]sf lyP . Og;fOSnf]k]8Lofckm l/lnhg P08 OlyS;sf] cfwf/df eGg'kbf{ …lxGb"Ú zAbsf] j0f{g ef/tdfd'l:ndx¿sf] cfudgeGbf k"j{ ef/tLo ;flxTo cyjf s'g} klg wd{k':tsdfePsf] kfO{bF}g . hjfx/nfn g]x¿åf/f lnlvt k':ts …l8:se/L ckm Ol08ofÚsf] kfgf g+= &$–&% sf cg';f/ lxGb" zAbsf] ;DaGw Ps tflGqs;Fu /x]sf]lyof] cyf{t o; zAbn] s'g} klg ;DalGwt wd{sf wdf{jnDaLx¿nfO{ geO{s]jn JolQmnfO{ dfq ;Daf]wg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . nfdf] ;dosf] cGt/fn kZrftdfq of] zAb wd{;Fu ;Da4 x'g uof] . 5f]6s/Ldf eGg'kbf{ lxGb" zAbn] OGb';k|b]zsf afl;Gbfx¿ cyjf ef/tLox¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/GYof] .

lxGb" wd{sf] kl/efiff

lxGb" zAbaf6 lxGb" wd{sf] gfdfs/0f ePsf] xf] . c+u|]hLdf o;nfO{lxGb"OHd (Hinduism) elgG5 h'g !( cf}+ ztfAbLdf c+u|]h gful/såf/fgfdfs/0f ul/Psf] xf], o; gfdn] OGb'; k|b]zsf afl;Gbfx¿nfO{ ;+s]tul/GYof] . la|6flGgsf @)M%*! sf cg';f/ a]nfotL n]vsx¿åf/f !*#) dfef/tdf d'l:nd tyf O{;fO{x¿ afx]s ;a} ef/tLox¿nfO{ lxGb"OHd -lxGb"_zAbaf6 ;Daf]wg ul/GYof] .

of] slxn]b]lv k|f/De ePsf] xf] eGg] hfgsf/L s;}nfO{ 5}g . of] s'gljlzi6 JolQm jf ;Gb]i6fdfly cjtl/t ul/Psf] xf] / o;sf] lg0ff{os kIf s]xf] eGg] af/] of] df}g 5 . Ps JolQmn] pm lxGb" xf] egL :jLsf/ ub{5 eg] pm;Rrf lxGb" 7xl/G5 rfx] p;sf] cf:yf h]–h;df /x]tfklg jf p;n] h;sf]pkf;gf u/]tfklg .

lxGb" ljåfgx¿sf cg';f/ lxGb" wd{nfO{ ;gftg wd{ cyjf j}lbs wd{


egL ;Daf]wg ul/g'kb{5 eGg] ljrf/ JoQm ub{5g\ . h;sf] cy{ ckl/jt{gLox'G5 . :jfdL ljj]sfgGbsf cg';f/ o; wd{sf wdf{jnDaLx¿nfO{ j}lbs egL;Daf]wg ul/g'kb{5 .

O:nfdsf] kl/efiff

;+;f/df hlt klg wd{x¿ 5g\ tLdWo] k|To]ssf] gfd ls t s'g} ljz]ifAolQmsf] gfdaf6 /flvPsf] 5 jf To; hfltsf] gfddf /flvPsf] 5 h'ghfltdf ;f] wd{sf] hGd ePsf] xf] . pbfx/0fsf nflu O{;fO{ wd{nfO{ lng'xf];\,o; wd{sf k|rf/s ……O{;f d;LxÆ ePsf]n] o; wd{sf] gfd O{;fO{ ePsf] xf] .o;}u/L ……dxfTdf uf}td a'¢Æ a'¢ wd{sf k|jt{s ePsf]n] o; wd{sf] gfd a'¢wd{ /xg uPsf] xf] . ;+;f/df cGo wd{x¿sf] gfdfs/0f klg o;/L g} ul/Psf]5 . t/, O:nfd wd{sf] ;DaGw s'g} AolQm jf hflt;Fu 5}g . a? o; zAbn]Pp6f ljz]if u'0f k|s6 ub{5, h;sf] ;DaGw :jod\ ……O:nfdÆ zAb / To;sf]cy{l;t 5 . of] gfd s'g} AolQmsf] dlit:saf6 lg:s]sf] xf]Og g t of] s'g}ljz]if hfltdf l;ldt 5 . ;fy} o;sf] ;DaGw s'g} AolQm, b]z jf hfltl;tklg 5}g . O:nfdsf] laz]iftf jf u'0f dfgjdf pTkGg u/fpg' g} o;sf]p2]Zo xf] .

…O:nfdÚ c/aL zAb xf] h'g c/aL efiffsf] …;nfdÚ zAbaf6 pTklQePsf] xf], h;sf] cy{ …zflGtÚ x'G5 . O:nfdsf] csf{] cy{ xf] cfkm"nfO{ cNnfx…Ps O{Zj/Ú k|lt ;dlk{t ug{', O{Zj/sf] cf1fkfng ug{' . ;f/f+zdf eGg'kbf{O:nfd eg]sf] Ps o:tf] …zflGtÚ xf] h'g cNnfxk|lt cfkm"nfO{ ;dk{0f u/]kZrft k|fKt x'G5 .

d'l:ndsf] kl/efiff

d'l:nd Ps To:tf] JolQm xf] h;n] cfkm"nfO{ s]jn Ps O{Zj/ -cNnfx_k|lt ;dlk{t u/]sf] x'G5 . o;y{ O{Zj/sf] cf1fkfng ug{] JolQmnfO{ d'l:ndelgG5 . cNnfxsf] v'zL cg';f/ ;f+;fl/s s[ofsnfk ug{] JolQm g} d'l:ndxf] .


wfld{s u|Gyx?sf gfd tyf kl/ro

s_ lxGb" wd{sf u|Gyx¿

lxGb" wd{df b'O{ lsl;dsf kljq n]vx¿ kfOG5g\ . tL x'g\,!_ >'lt n]v @_ :d[lt n]v!_ >'lt n]v @_ :d[lt n]v!_ >'lt n]v @_ :d[lt n]v!_ >'lt n]v @_ :d[lt n]v!_ >'lt n]v @_ :d[lt n]v

!_ >'lt n]v M>'lt eGgfn] ;'g]/ u|x0f u/]sf s'/fx¿ x'g\ . lxGb" wd{df o;nfO{ lgs}

k'/fgf] / lgs} g} kljq u|Gysf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . >'lt n]vnfO{ b'O{ k|d'v efudfljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . tL j]b / pklgifb\ x'g\ . oL u|Gyx¿nfO{ O{zjf0fLsf]¿kdf lnOG5 .

• j]bj]bsf] cy{ 1fg, nfe, ;Qf / ljrf/ u/L rf/ cy{ x'G5g\ egL Jofs/0f

k9\g]x¿ cYof{pg] ub{5g\ . To:t} …j]b eg]sf] eujfgsf] d'vsf] jf0fL xf]Ú, …j]bsf]cy{ s;}n] nufpg ;Sb}gÚ, …j]b :jo+ eujfg x'g\Ú eGg] vfnsf k/Dk/futljrf/x¿ klg /x]sf 5g\ . ;du|df eGg'kbf{ j]bsf] cy{ …1fgÚ xf] . -oh'j{]b,g]kfnL cg'jfb ltns k|;fb n'FO6]n_ .

of] rf/ k|sf/sf 5g\ . -oBlk ;+VofTds ¿kdf eGg'kbf{ o;sf !,!#!j6f zfvf 5g\ h;dWo] em08} Ps bh{g dfq k|fKt 5g\ . kt~hnLsf dxfefiosfcg';f/ CUj]bsf @! zfvfx¿ 5g\, ( j6f cyj{j]bsf 5g\, To:t} !)! j6foh'j{]bsf / !,))) j6f ;fdj]bsf 5g\ ._

CUj]b, oh'j{]b / ;fdj]bx¿ w]/} g} k|frLg u|Gyx¿ x'g\ h;nfO{ …qfoljBfÚ jf …q}–lj1fgÚ klg elgG5 . oLdWo] CUj]b ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] u|Gy xf]h;nfO{ # nfdf] / leGgf leGg} ;dofjlwdf ;+sng ul/Psf] xf] . rf}yf] j]bcyj{j]b xf] h'g ;aeGbf cGtdf ;+sng ul/of] .

rf/}j6f j]bx¿ slxn] ;+u|x ul/Psf x'g\ eGg] ljifodf ljleGg dtx¿kfOG5 . cfo{ ;dfhsf ;+:yfks :jfdL bofgGbsf cg';f/ j]bx¿ !,#!)ldlnog jif{ cl3 cjtl/t u|Gy x'g\ . t/ s]xL ljåfgx¿sf cg';f/ j]bx¿$,))) jif{ eGbf a9L k'/fgf] g/x]sf] s'/f hgfPsf 5g\ . To:t} oL j]bx¿


sxfF, s'g sfndf / s;dfly cjtl/t ul/Psf x'g\ eGg] ljifodf klg leGgfleGg} dt /x]sf 5g\ . oltsf lje]bx¿ x'Fbf x'Fb} klg j]b lxGb" wd{sf] d'Vocfwf/ tyf ;aeGbf a9L ljZjfl;nf] wd{u|Gy aGg ;kmn ePsf] 5 .

• pklgifb\pklgifb\ …pkÚ, …lgÚ tyf …ifb\Ú af6 lgld{t zAb xf] h;df …pkÚ sf] cy{

;dLk, …lgÚ sf] cy{ d"lg / …ifb\Ú sf] cy{ …a:g'Ú xf] . cyf{t glhs} ;d"xdfu'¿sf] d"lg a;]/ pkb]z tyf lzIff u|x0f ug{' g} pklgifb\ xf] .

;dsf/sf] cg';f/ …pklgifb\Ú …ifb\Ú zAbaf6 lgld{t zAb xf], h;sf]cy{ …ultÚ jf …k|flKtÚ jf …gfz ug{' xf], hxfF …pkÚ / …lgÚ pk;u{ nfu]sf] 5 .ctM pklgifb\ eg]sf] a|Dx1fg -jf0fL_ xf] h;af6 c1fgtf gfz x'G5 .

pklgifb\x¿ @)) eGbf a9L 5}g tfklg ef/tLo k/Dk/fg';f/ of] dfq!)* df l;ldt /x]sf] 5 . pklgifb\sf l;4fGtx¿ !) j6f 5g\ t}klg s]xLn]of] !) j6f eGbf a9L t s]xLn] !* sf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf] hgfPsf 5g\ .

j]bfGtsf] cy{ j]bsf] cfGtl/s efu, ;f/efu of lgisif{ efusf] ¿kdfcYof{pg ;lsG5 egL nIdL k|;fb bfxfn …cgGt wf/f, jif{ @, cÍ ^ dfn]V5g\ . pgL cufl8 n]V5g\ j]bfGt bz{gsf] JofVoftf zf:qx¿ d"ntM l;4fGtsf¿kdf a|Dx ;"q, pklgifb\ / >Ldb\efujtuLtf x'g\ÚÚ .

j]bfGtsf] cy{ pklgifb\ xf] . t/ clxn] o; zAbsf] k|of]u pklgifb\dfcfwfl/t bz{gzf:qsf] k|0ffnLsf nflu x'g] ub{5 . zflAbs ¿kn] j]bfGteGGffn] j]bsf] cGt eGg] a'lemG5 . …j]b:o–cGtÚ, cGtsf] ;fy} j]bsf] p2]Zo-lgisif{_ eGg] klg a'lemG5 . pklgifb\ j]bsf lg0ff{os kIfx¿ ;d]l6Psf u|Gyx'g\ h'g ;dosf] ult cg';f/ j}lbs sfnsf] cGtdf cfPsf] 5 . s]xL k+l8tx¿n]…pklgifb\Ú j]bx¿eGbf klg pTs[i6 u|Gy x'g\ eGg] ljrf/ k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ .

@_ :d[lt n]v Mof] >'lt n]v em}+ kljq u|Gy eg] xf]Og tfklg lxGb"x¿ dfem of] cfh

klg nf]slk|o Pj+ dxTjk"0f{ u|Gysf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . :d[lt eGgfn] ;DemgfeGg] a'lemG5 . of] u|Gy a'‰g ;lhnf] x'G5 lsgeg] o;df j0f{g ul/Psfs'/fx¿ kf}/fl0fs syfdf cfwfl/t x'G5g\ . :d[lt n]v O{zjf0fL geO{ dfgjåf/f


/lrt Ps /rgf xf] h;df dflg; tyf ;dfhsf b}lgs lqmofsnfksf ljifodfcfjZos hfgsf/L tyf lgodfjnL k|:t't ul/Psf x'G5g\ . o;nfO{ wd{zf:qklg elgG5 h; cGtu{t k'/f0f / Oltxf; klg kb{5g\ .

lxGb" wd{u|Gyx¿ w]/} 5g\ tL dWo] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf u|Gyx¿ – j]b,pklgifb\ tyf k'/f0f x'g\ .

• efujt uLtflxGb" wd{–u|Gyx¿dWo] lgs} nf]slk|o /x]sf] u|Gy xf]– efujt uLtf .

nIdLk|;fb bfxfn n]V5g\ ……>Ldb\efujtuLtf klg pklgifb\ s} ;f/ ePsf]n]of] klg pklgifb\ g} xf] – cyf{t uLtf]klgifb\ÚÚ .

• k'/f0flxGb" wd{df csf{] ljZjfl;nf] tyf Jofks dfqfdf cWoog ul/g] u|Gy

k'/f0f xf] . o; u|Gydf a|Dxf08sf] ;[li6sf] Oltxf;, cfo{g hflt tyf ljleGgb]jL–b]jtfsf syf tyf Oltxf; j0f{g ul/Psf 5g\ . k'/f0f klg j]bx¿ em}+;f]xL ;dodf jf s]xL cl3 kl5 g} cjtl/t ePsf] u|Gy dflgG5 .

dxfClif Jof;n] k'/f0fnfO{ !* v08df ljeflht u/]sf 5g\ . pgn]j]bnfO{ ljleGg zLif{ efudf qmdGof; ;d]t u/]sf 5g\ . uLtf tyf dxfef/tklg pgLåf/f g} lnlvt u|Gyx¿ x'g\ .

k'/f0fx¿dWo] eljio k'/f0fnfO{ k|d'v dflgG5 lsgsL o;df eljioaf/] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . lxGb" wdf{jnDaLx¿ o;nfO{ O{zjf0fL xf] egL ljZjf;ub{5g\ . dxfClif Jof; s]jn o;sf ;+sngstf{ dfq x'g\ . jf:tljs /rgfsf/t :jod\ O{Zj/ x'g\ .

v_ O:nfd wd{sf u|Gyx?M

5f]6s/Ldf eGg'kbf{ O:nfd cf:yf tyf ;Tsd{sf] wd{ xf] . t/ o;sf]kl/efiff olt d} ;Lldt /xFb}g . wd{ eGg] ljlQs} s]jn O{Zj/sf] ;Demgf,kfk, k'0o, cf/fwgf tyf k/nf]s cflbs} ljifodf a9L s]lGb|t /x]sf] x'G5 eGg]wf/0ff k|fo dflg;df /x]sf] kfOG5 . O:nfd wd{ oltdf dfq ;Lldt /x]sf]5}g . of] dfgjLo hLjgsf ;a} kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]6]sf] Ps k"0f{ ;+ljwfg xf] .


h;n] lgod sfg"g tyf ;'Aojl:yt ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f ub{5 . h;n] dfgjLohLjgdf cfwfl/t x/]s kIfx¿nfO{ lgoGq0f u/L ;Ddfg o'Qm ;fdflhs tyfJojxfl/s hLjgsf] lgdf{0f ub{5 . o;y{ O:nfd Ps ;kmn hLjg hLpg]k2lt xf] . O:nfdsf] P]gsfg"gnfO{ …z/LctÚ elgG5 h;sf] d"n;|f]t kljqu|Gy s'/cfg / xlb; x'g\ .

!_ kljq s'/cfgMs'/cfg Ps O{Zj/Lo k|sfzgf xf] h;sf x/]s zAbsf] lgdf{0f tyf

/rgf :jo+ O{Zj/af6 ePsf 5g\ . s'/cfgsf] zfAbLs cy{ …k9\g'Ú x'G5 . of]Ps O{Zj/Lo jf0fL xf] . h'g clGtd ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -;=_ dfly kml/Ztflha|fOnsf] dfWodaf6 cNnfxn] cjtl/t u/fPsf x'g\ . d'xDdb -;=_ sf]hGd O{=;+= %&! df ePsf] lyof] . d'xDdb -;=_ dfly $) jif{sf] pd]/dfO{Zj/Lo k|sfzgf cjQL0f{ x'g] qmdsf] z'¿jft eof] h'g @# jif{;Dd hf/L/x\of] cyf{t\ pgsf] :juf{/f]x0fsf] s]xL lbg k"j{;Dd . s'/cfg clGtd tyflg0ff{os O{Zj/Lo jf0fL xf] . o; u|Gysf] cjt/0f ug{'sf] clek|fo dfgjnfO{hLjgsf p2]Zo af/] hfgsf/L k|bfg ug{' ;xL dfu{ lgb{]z ug{', Tof] dfu{ h'gO{Zj/n] /f]h]sf x'g\ .

@_ xbL;Ms'/cfgdf pNn]lvt lzIffx¿nfO{ d'xDdb -;=_ n] cfˆg} zAbdf j0f{g

clg AofVof ug{'eof] tyf Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjog ;d]t u/L JolQm tyf ;dfhdfk|blz{t ug{'eof] . csf{] zAbdf eGg'kbf{ d'xDdb -;=_ n] jf0fL, pkb]z tyfcEof;åf/f s'g} klg s'/fk|lt cfˆgf ;xdlt tyf c;xdlt k|s6 ug{'eof] .To;nfO{ xbL; elgG5 . d'xDdb -;=_ ;Dk"0f{ dfgjtfs} Ps dfq cfbz{ x'g\egL s'/cfg eGb5 . h;n] O:nfdsf lzIffnfO{ ;[li6 /x'~h]n;Ddsf nfluk"0f{tf k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ . Ps JolQmn] s;/L O:nfdL k4lt cg';f/ ;kmnhLjg lhpg ;S5 egL d'xDdb -;=_ n] pkb]z, cEof; tyf pbfx/0f k|:t'tu/L k|dfl0ft ul/lbg' ePsf] 5 . xbL;sf s]xL ;+sngx¿ 5g\, ;xLx\ a'vf/L,;xLx\ d':nLd, d'cQf Odfd dflns, ;'Gfg]–ca'bfpb, ;'Gfg]–ltld{hL, ;'Gfg]–OAg]dfhf cflb .


lxGb" wd{df k|fy{gf

k|fy{gfsf] k|s[ltM lxGb" wd{df ljZjf; ul/g] ## s/f]8 b]jL–b]jtfx¿dWo]nueu $)) sf] j0f{g lxGb" wd{u|Gyx¿df kfOG5 . #@,((,((,^)) b]jL–b]jtfx¿sf] j0f{g s'g} klg u|Gyx¿df e]l6b}g . nueu $)) sf] j0f{g e]l6Ptfklg em08} @)) j6f b]jLb]jtfx¿sf] k"hf cf/fwgf k|fo b}lgs hLjgdfkl08tx¿n] u/]sf] kfOG5 eg] afFsL s]xLsf] k"hf jif{sf] Ps k6s ul/G5 .

lxGb"wd{df b]jLb]jtfx¿k|ltsf] ljZjf; tyf cf/fwgf af/]sf] b[li6sf]0fPs k|fGtsf] csf{] k|fGt;Fu, Ps If]qsf] csf]{ If]q;Fu leGg /xg] ub{5 . h:t}MklZrd a+ufndf b'uf{sf] k"hf, pQ/L ef/tdf /fdsf] k"hf, blIf0fL ef/tsfs]xL k|fGtx¿df /fj0fsf] k"hf ul/G5 . (A comparative study - MurtahinBillah Fazlie)

cfo{g wd{x¿dWo] lgs} g} nf]slk|o /x]sf] wd{ …lxGb" wd{Ú xf] . olbtkfO{+n] s'g} ;fwf/0f lxGb"nfO{ tkfO{+ sltj6f O{Zj/k|lt cf:yf /fVg'x'G5 egLk|Zg ug{'eof] eg] o;sf] hjfkm s;}af6 tLg j6f, s;}af6 ## j6f, s;}af6Ps xhf/ cfpg]5 eg], s;}n] rfFlx ## sf]6L -s/f]8_ eGg]5g\ . t/ j]bx¿sf]/fd|f] hfgsf/L /fVg] s'g} ljåfg lxGb";Fu tkfO{+ ;f]xL k|Zg ug{'x'G5 eg] o;sf]hjfkm cfpF5 sL lxGb"n] s]jn Ps O{Zj/k|lt dfq cf:yf Pj+ ljZjf;/fVg'k5{ tyf ;f] sf] dfq pkf;gf ug{'kb{5 .

O:nfd tyf lxGb" wd{ aLrsf] k|d'v leGgtf s] xf] eg] Ps ;fdfGolxGb"n] cå}tjfbsf] l;4fGtdf ljZjf; u/]sf x'G5g\, cyf{t k|To]s j:t' O{Zj/x'g\ h:t} – ?v O{Zj/, ;"o{ O{Zj/, rGb|df O{Zj/, ;k{ O{Zj/, afFb/ O{Zj/,;Dk"0f{ dfgj O{Zj/ x'g\ . t/ O:nfdsf dt cg';f/ k|To]s j:t' …O{Zj/sfÚcyf{t ;a} j:t'x¿ O{Zj/sf ;[li6 x'g\ . h:t} – ?v O{Zj/sf], ;"o{ O{Zj/sf],rGb|df O{Zj/sf], afFb/ O{Zj/sf], ;Dk"0f{ dfgj O{Zj/sf ;[li6 x'g\ .

ctM O:nfd / lxGb" aLrsf] k|d'v leGgtf s]jn …sfÚ sf] /x]sf] 5 .olb dfq …sfÚ sf] leGgtfnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsof] eg] lxGb" / d'l:nd ;dfgx'g ;Sg] tYonfO{ gsfg{ ;lsGg .


Ps]Zj/jfb / wd{ u|Gyx?

kljq s'/cfgdf elgPsf] 5 –æTo; laGb' ;dIf cfp h'g ltdL / xfdLaLr ;dfg ¿kn] dfGo Pj+ l;4 5Æ . ……Tof]Æ of] xf] ls xfdL cNnfx afx]ss;}sf] pkf;gf gu/f}+ / pgL ;dIf s;}nfO{ ;femf g7x¥ofcf}+ -#M^$_ . ctMxfdL ;a} Psdt xf]cf}+ To; laGb"df h'g lxGb" wd{u|Gy tyf O:nfd wd{u|Gysf]ljZn]if0f kZrft xfdL ;dIf k|i6 x'G5 .

efujt uLtfsf] cWofo &, Znf]s @) df elgPsf] 5– ……ef}ltscfzlQmåf/f h;sf] a'l4 ckx/0f ePsf] 5, ltgLx¿ b]jtfx¿s} z/0fdfhfG5g\, / cf–cfˆgf]] :jefjg';f/ k"hfsf ljz]if–ljz]if ljlw ljwfgx¿sf]kfngf ug{ yfNb5g\ .Æ

!= pklgifb\ M–

• 50bf]Uo pklgifb\, cWofo ^, v08 @, Znf]s ! df elgPsf] 5– ……Psd\OjlåltodÚÚ cyf{t …O{Zj/ Ps 5g\, s'g} bf]>f] ljgfsf]Æ

• p:t} lsl;dsf] egfO{ kljq s'/cfgsf] ;"/x Ovnf;, cWofo !!@,Znf]s ! df elgPsf] 5, ……s'n\x' jNnfx' cxbÚÚ ……elgb]p ls pgL-cNnfx_ PSnf 5g\ÚÚ

:j]t;jq pklgifb\sf] cWofo ^, Znf]s ( df j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 –

……g t:o slR>Tklt/fl:t nf]s]

g r]lztf g}j r t:o lnËd\

; sf/0f+ s/0fflwkflwof]

g rf:o slR>Hhlgtf g rflBkÚÚ

…nf]sdf pgsf] s'g} :jfdL 5}g, g s'g} zf;s of To;sf] lrGx g} .pgL ;asf sf/0f x'g\ / OlGb|oflBi7ftf hLjsf :jfdL x'g\ . pgsf g s'g}pTklQstf{ 5g\ / g s'g} :jfdL g} .

• o:t} egfO kljq s'/cfgsf] ;"/x Ovnf;, cWofo !!@, Znf]s # df/x]sf] 5– ……nd\ olnb\ j nd o"nb\ÚÚ

æpgn] g s;}nfO{ hGd lbP g pgL s;}af6 hlGdPÆ


• Zj]t;jq pklgifb\ cWofo $, Znf]s !( df j0f{g ul/Psf] 5–

……g}gd"Wj{ j lto{~r g dWo] kl/hu|et

g t:o k|ltdf cl:t o:o gfd dWoozÚÚ

……pgL h:t} c¿ sf]xL 5}gg\ tyf pgsf] gfdsf] oz ljzfn 5ÚÚ .

• o:t} egfO kljq s'/cfgsf] ;"/x Ovnf;, cWofo !!@, Znf]s $ df/x]sf] 5 . ……j nd\ os'Nnx' s'km'jg cxb\ÚÚ

……/ pgL h:tf sf]xL 5}gg\ÚÚ

• o:t} ;"/x z"/f, cWofo $@, Znf]s !! df elgPsf] 5–

……n}; sldl:nxL z}pg\ÚÚ

……pgL h:tf] s'g} rLh 5}gÚÚ

!=! s]gf]klgifb\ !M^

……oRrIf'iff g kZolt o]g rIf', laF kZolt .tb]j a|DxTj ljlå g]b+ olbbd'kf;t]ÚÚ .

cyf{t h;n] rIf' -cfFvf_åf/f b]Vg ;Sb}g, oBkL cfFvf h;sf] dlxdfaf6b]Vgdf ;dIf x'G5, p;nfO{ ltdL a|Xd hfg . cfFvfåf/f b]Vg] h'g tTjnfO{dflg; pkf;gf ub{5, Tof] a|Xd xf]Og .

• Zj]t;jq pklgifb\, cWofo $, Znf]s @) df j0f{g ul/Psf] 5–

……g ;+b[z] lti7lt ¿kd:o

g rIf'iff kZolt sR>rg}gd\

x[bf x[lb:y+ dg;f ; Pg

d]j+ ljb'/d[tf:t] ejlGtÚÚ .

……pgsf] :j¿k g]qflbn] u|x0f ug{ of]Uo :yfgdf /x]sf] 5}g, pgnfO{s;}n] klg b]Vg ;Sb}g . h;n] pgnfO{ x[bol:yt k/dfTdfsf] z'2a'l2 ofgLdgn] hfGg] Pj+ a'em\g] k|of; ub{5 pm g} cd/ x'G5ÚÚ .

• o:t} egfO kljq s'/cfgsf] ;"/x cn–cg\cfd, cWofo ^, Znf]s !)#df /x]sf] 5 –

……nf t'b\l/s'x'n\ cA;f¿ j x'j o'b\l/s'n\ cA;f/ j x'jNnltkm'n\vaL/Æ


cyf{t ……pgnfO{ b[li6x¿n] u|x0f ug{ ;Sb}gg\ t/ pgL ;a}nfO{ b]Vb5g\ ./ pgL ;"IdbzL{ tyf x/]s rLhsf 1ftf 5g\ÚÚ .

@= j]b

@=! oh'j{]b, cWofo #@, Znf]s # df elgPsf] 5,

……gf t:o k|ltdf cl:tÚÚ cyf{t ……pgsf] s'g} k|ltdf 5}gÚÚ .

cem cufl8 elgPsf] 5 –

……pgsf] gfd / oz cToGt ljzfn 5, t/ klg pgsf] s'g} k|ltdf 5}g .ÚÚ

• oh'j{]b, cWofo $), Znf]s * df elgPsf] 5–

……Tof] k/dfTdf ;j{JofkL 5, t]h:jL 5, Tof] bf]if/lxt 5,:gfo' jf z/L//lxt / l5b| jf bfu/lxt 5 . Tof] z'4 /lg:kfk 5 . Tof] qmfGtbzL{ slj xf], dgLifL xf], ;j{hoL /

:jo+ pTkGg x'g] vfnsf] 5 . p;}n] cgflb sfnb]lv g} ;a}sfnflu oyfof]Uo ;fwg / cy{sf] Joj:yf ldnfPsf] 5 .ÚÚ

• oh'j{]b, cWofo $), Znf]s ( df elgPsf] 5 –

……cGw+ tdM k| ljzlGt o];+e"ltd'kf;t]Æ cyf{t h;n] c;De"lt¿kL;Ël7t l;h{gzLntfsf] dfq} pkf;gf ub{5g\ pgLx¿ ;a} lsl;dsf cGwsf/d}5f]lkG5g\ . h:t}M– xfjf, kfgL, cUgL, cflb . cem cufl8 elgPsf] 5– ……h'gdflg; ;+e"lth:tf ljv08g / ljgfzsf] pkf;gf ub{5g\, To:tf] vfnsf]k|j[lQdf /dfpg]x¿ 3f]/ c1fg¿kL cGwsf/df 5f]lkG5g\ÚÚ .

@=@ cyj{j]b

• cyj{j]b, la;f}+ d08n, ;"Qm %*, Znf]s # df elgPsf] 5 – …b]j dxfcf];LÚ cyjf …O{Zj/ dxfg 5g\Ú

• o:t} lsl;dsf] egfO ;"/x /c\b, cWofo !#, Znf]s ( df /x]sf] 5–

pgL -cNnfx_ cfGtl/s / afx\o ;a} s'/fsf lj1 5g\ tyf dxfg Pj+pRr 5g\ .

@=# CUj]b

• j]bx¿dWo] lgs} g} k'/fgf] tyf kljq j]b xf] – CUj]b . CUj]b, klxnf]


d08n, cWofo -;"Qm_ !^$ Znf]s $^ df elgPsf] 5– wfld{s ljåfgx¿n];t\ ¿kdf /x]sf Ps} k/d]Zj/nfO{ ljleGg pkgfd / k|z+;f u/]sf5g\ . k/dfTdfnfO{ OGb|, ldq, j¿0f / clUg elgPsf] 5 .

• CUj]b, bf]>f] d08n, ;"Qm !, Znf]s #

;j{–zlQmdfg O{Zj/sf em08} ## j6f ljz]iftfx¿ CUj]bsf] bf]>f] d08n;"Qm ! df j0f{g ul/Psf 5g\ tL dWo] k|d'v ljz]iftfx¿ o; k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\ –

a|DxM–a|DxM–a|DxM–a|DxM–a|DxM– CUj]bdf j0f{g ul/Psf O{Zj/sf ljz]iftfx¿dWo] ;a}eGbf k|d'va|Dx cyf{t ;[li6stf{ xf] . o; zAbnfO{ c/aL efiffdf …vflnsÚ elgG5 .O{Zj/ …vflnsÚ, a|Dx jf ;[li6stf{ x'g\ . ct O{Zj/nfO{ a|Dx eGg ;lsG5 . t/olb s;}n] …a|Dx g} ;j{–zlQmdfg O{Zj/ x'g\ h;sf rf/j6f d's'6wf/L 6fpsf /rf/j6f xftx¿ x'G5g\ eg]df of] j]b / s'/cfgsf] b[li6df k"0f{tof cdfGo x'G5To:t} tkfO{+ oh'j{]bsf] cWofo #@, Znf]s # sf] lj¿4 hfFb} x'g'x'G5 h;dfelgPsf]5– ……gf t:o k|ltdf cl:tÚÚ cyf{t …O{Zj/sf] s'g} k|ltdf 5}gÚÚ .

lji0f'M–lji0f'M–lji0f'M–lji0f'M–lji0f'M– CUj]bdf j0f{g ul/Psf O{Zj/sf ljz]iftfx¿dWo] csf{] k|d'vljz]iftf xf] …lji0f'Ú . lji0f' cyf{t kfngxf/ . c/aL efiffdf o;nfO{ ……/aÚÚelgG5 . cyf{t O{Zj/ lji0f', kfngxf/ tyf /a x'g\ . To;}n] O{Zj/nfO{ lji0f'egL ;Daf]wg ug{ ;lsG5 / t/ olb s;}n] ……lji0f'Æ g} ;j{–zlQmdfg O{Zj/x'g\ h;sf rf/a6f xftx¿ 5g\, h;dWo] Ps xftdf …rqmÚ tyf csf{] xftdf…z+vÚ /x]sf] 5, hf] k+5Lsf] ;jf/L ub{5g\ tyf gfusf] l;+xf;gdf lj/fhdfg5g\ÚÚ eG5g\ eg] of] km]/L klg j]b / s'/cfgsf] b[li6df cdfGo x'g]5 . To:t}tkfO{+ oh'j{]b, cWofo $) Znf]s * sf] lj¿4 hfFb} x'g'x'G5 h;df elgPsf]5– ……k/dfTdf :gfo' tyf z/L//lxt 5gÚÚ

• oh'j{]b, cWofo $), Znf]s !^ df j0f{g ul/Psf] 5–

……ltdL g} ;Tdfu{lt/ n}hfp, xfdLnfO{ s'l6n cfr/0f ePsf zq' /kfkaf6 d'Qm /fvÚÚ .

• o:t} egfO kljq s'/cfgsf] ;"/x kmfltxf, cWofo !, Znf]s ^ / & df/x]sf] 5 .

……Ox\lbgl:;/ftn d':tsLd, l;/ftNnhLg–cg\cd\t cn}lxd\,u}l/n du\h"la cn}lxd\ j nHhfNnLgÚÚ .


cyf{t ……xfdLnfO{ ;Lwf dfu{ b]vfp Û tL JolQmx¿sf] dfu{ b]vfp hf]ltd|f s[kfkfq eP, g ls ltd|f k|sf]ksf efuL ePsf, g kye|i6 ePsfx¿sf]dfu{ g} .

• CUj]b, 5}7f}+ d08n, ;"Qm $%, Znf]s !^ df elgPsf] 5–

……o Ps OQd' i6'lxÚÚ

……hf] ;j{];jf{ / clåtLo, cg'kd 5g\, pgsf] k'hf u/f}+Æ .

• j]bfGtsf] a|Dx ;"qM

……Psd a|x\d, lålto gf:t] g]g gf gf:t] lsGrgÚÚ

cyf{t æO{Zj/ Ps dfq 5g\, bf]>f] 5}gg\, 5Fb} 5}gg\, s0f a/fa/ klg5}gg\ÚÚ .

o;af6 s] lgisif{df k'luG5 eg] lxGb" wd{–u|Gyx¿sf] uxg cWoogtyf ljZn]if0f kZrft dfq lxGb" – wd{df O{Zj/ k|ltsf] ;xL wf/0ff af/]hfgsf/L, k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .


wd{u|Gyx?df b]jb"t -kml/Ztf_ af/]sf] wf/0ff

lxGb"–wd{df b]jb'tsf] j0f{gM

lxGb" wd{df b]jb"tx¿ k|ltsf] wf/0ff /x]sf] kfOG5 . t/ klg ;dfhdfo:tf s]xL cb\e"t zlQmx¿sf] j0f{g x'g] ub{5 h;n] u/]sf sfo{ ;j{–;fwf/0fdfgjx¿ ug{ ;Sb}gg\ jf hf] ;j{–;fwf/0f dfgjåf/f sl7g 5, To:tfJolQmTjx¿ klg b]jL b]jtfs} ¿kdf k"lhG5g\ .

lxGb" wd{df cjtf/jfb

lxGb" wd{df O{Zj/sf ;Gb]i6fx¿ k|ltsf] wf/0ff /x]sf] kfO{b}Fg . t/ klgpgLx¿df ;Gb]i6f tyf O{zb"tTj;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] cjtf/jfbsf] wf/0ff eg]/x]sf] kfOG5 . …cjtf/Ú Ps ;+:s[t zAb xf] h;df …cjÚ eGgfn] …tnÚ / …tf/ÚeGgfn] …5'6\g'Ú . ct …cjtf/Úsf] cy{ …tn cfpg'Ú cyf{t …cjt/0fÚ xf] .cS;kmf]8{ l8S;g/Lsf cg';f/ cjtf/ -lxGb" wd{u|Gyfg';f/_ eGgfn] dflg;sf]¿kdf b]jL b]jtfsf] cfudg -cjt/0f_ xf] . ;/n efiffdf eGg'kbf{ ;j{zlQmdfg O{Zj/ :jo+ dflg;sf ¿kdf tn -k[YjLdf_ cfpg' g} cjtf/ xf] .

lxGb" wd{df O{Zj/ :jo+ o; k[YjLdf ljleGg z/L/ wf/0f u/L wd{sf]/Iff ug{ tyf dflg;x¿nfO{ gLlt lgod l;sfpg / Ps pbfx/0f k|:t'tug{sf lgldQ cfpg] ub{5g\ eGg] ljZjf; /x]sf] 5 .

j]bx¿df …cjtf/Ú sf] ;DaGwdf s]xL j0f{g ePsf] kfObF}g . kljq lxGb"n]vx¿ >'lt / :d[lt n]vdWo] :d[lt n]v cGtu{t kg{] k'/f0f / Oltxf;dfo;sf] j0f{g ePsf] kfOG5 .

…cjtf/Ú af/]sf] j0f{g lxGb" wd{u|Gy efujb\ uLtf, cWofo $, Znf]s&–* df o;/L ul/Psf] 5 –

……x] e/tj+zL Û hxfF hxfF / hlxn] hlxn] wd{sf] ktg / cwd{sf] pGgltx'g nfU5 To; avt To; 7fpFdf d cjtf/ lnG5'Æ

eQmx¿sf p4f/sf nflu, b'i6x¿sf] ljgfzsf nflu / wd{sf] k'gM:yfkgf ug{sf nflu d x/]s o'udf k|s6 x'G5'ÚÚ


o;/L efujt uLtfsf cg';f/ O{Zj/ eQmx¿sf] p4f/sf nflu cjtf/sf]¿kdf k|s6 x'G5g\ .

k'/f0fdf ;of}+ cjtf/x¿ af/] j0f{g ePsf] kfOG5, t/ lji0f' kfngxf/sf!) cjtf/ /x]sf] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5, h;df–

• dT:ocjtf/ – df5fsf] ¿kdf

• s'd{cjtf/ – s5'jfsf] ¿kdf

• j/fxcjtf/ –;'Fu'/sf] ¿kdf

• g/l;+xcjtf/ – b}Tosf] ¿kdf -cfwf z/L/ dfgj–cfwf l;+x_

• jfdgcjtf/ – a|fx\d0f jfdgsf] ¿kdf

• k/z'/fdcjtf/ – k/z'/fdsf] ¿kdf

• /fdcjtf/ – /fdsf] ¿kdf

• s[i0fcjtf/ – s[i0fsf] ¿kdf

• a'4cjtf/ – uf}td a'4sf] ¿kdf

• sNsLcjtf/ – sNsLsf] ¿kdf

-CUj]b ;+lxtf, v08 XII, kfgf $#)(–:jfdL ;Tok|sfz ;/:jtL /;Tosd{ ljWofn+s_

O:nfd wd{df kml/Ztf

kml/Ztfx¿ klg cNnfxsf ;[li6 x'g\ . kml/Ztf cNnfxsf ljz]if;[li6 x'g\ h;n] cNnfxsf] ;Gb]z dfgj;Dd NofP/ lbG5g\ . pgLx¿cfjZostfg';f/ cNnfxsf] cfb]zdf ¿kwf/0f ug{ ;S5g\ . pgLx¿k|sfzaf6 pTkGg ePsf x'G5g\ / cb[Zo x'G5g\ . kml/Ztfx¿ cfˆgf]] OR5fn]s'g} sfo{ ug{ ;Sb}gg\, pgLx¿ s]jn cNnfxsf] cfb]z adf]lhd sfo{ub{5g\ . ljleGg kml/Ztfx¿ leGgf–leGg} sfo{sf nflu cNnfxåf/f lgo'Qmul/Psf x'G5g\ . h:t}– kml/Ztf lha|fOnsf] lgo'lQm k}uDa/x¿nfO{ cNnfxsf]k|sfzgf k'¥ofpg' /x]sf] lyof] . kml/Ztf ldsfO{n, kml/Ztf Oh|fO{n tyfkml/Ztf O;|fkmLnn] qmdzM k|f0f xg{], jiff{ u/fpg] / k|nosf] ;do lju"n -z+v_ km'Sg] sfo{ ub{5g\ cflb .


O:nfddf O{zb"tk|ltsf] cjwf/0ff

;+;f/df dfgj hLjgnfO{ ;kmn agfpgsf lglDt dfq O{lGhlgo/,ul0ft1, j}1flgs, /fhgLlt1, jlsn / cy{zf:qLx¿ eP/ sfd rNb}g . oLafx]s csf]{ Ps y/Lsf] dflg; klg x'g lgtfGt cfjZos 5 h;n] O{Zj/Lodfu{ atfpg ;s"g\ . c? JolQmx¿n] o; ;+;f/df dflg;sf nflu s] s] 5g\/ ltgnfO{ s;/L sfddf Nofpg ;lsG5 cflb s'/f atfpg ;S5g\ t/ dflg;:jod\ s] sf nflu xf] < dflg;nfO{ ;+;f/df ljljw ;fdfu|L k|bfg ug]{ sf] x'g\/ tL bftfsf] OR5f s] 5 < o:tf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg] ljz]if Aoltmx¿sf]cfjZostf klg 5 . log} AolQmx¿sf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ ;+;f/df hLjg JotLtu/]/ ;bfsf lgDtL ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\ . of] dflg;sf lglDt ;a}eGbf7"nf] / jf:tljs cfjZostf xf] . h'g O{Zj/n] xfd|f] ;fgf] eGbf ;fgf vfFrf]klg 6fl/lbg] k|jGw u/] pgn] o:tf] dxTjk"0f{ cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ sfddfc;fjwfgL b]vfP xf]nfg\ eGg] s'/fdf s;}sf] ljZjf; x'Fb}g . Ps–Ps ljBf /lj1fgdf ljz]if of]Uotf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ h;/L O{Zj/n] agfPsf x'g\ To;}u/L :jod\ O{Zj/nfO{ lrGg] pQd of]Uotf ePsf JolQmx¿ klg pgn] ;[hgfu/]sf x'g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ O{Zj/n] wd{, g}ltstf / ljlwzf:q -z/Lct_ sf] 1fglbP . s]lx dflg;nfO{ lzIff lbg] sfddf lgo'Qm u/] . xfd|f] efiffdf o:tfJolQmx¿nfO{ gaL, /;"n, k}uDa/ cyf{t O{zb"t jf ;Gb]i6f elgG5 .

;/n efiffdf eGg'kbf{ ha ha ;[li6df c1fgtf, ljs[lt, ljWj+;cflbn] ;Ldf gf£5 ta ;[li6 clg dfgjtfsf] /Iff tyf dfu{lgb{]z ug{sflgldQ O{Zj/n] dfgj dWo]af6} s'g} ljlzi6 JolQmsf] rog u/L cfˆgf jf0fLtyf ;Gb]zx¿ dfgj;dIf k'¥ofpg] ub{5g\ . log} O{Zj/sf ;Gb]z lnO{ cfpg]dfgjnfO{ g} O{zb"t elgG5 . s'/cfg cg';f/ ljZjdf x/]s o'u, hflt tyf;d"bfodf ;r]ts k7fOP . tL ;a} O{zb"t, ;r]ts cflb ;f]xL o'u tyf;d'bfo jf /fHosf nflu dfq ;Lldt /x] eg] d'xDdb -;=_ k"/} ljZj tyf;Dk"0f{ dfgjtfs} lglDt k7fOPsf] s'/f s'/cfgn] k'li6 ub{5 . cfbd klxnf]dfgj Pj+ O{zb"t lyP eg] d'xDdb -;=_ ;a} O{zb"tx¿sf ;dfks x'g'x'G5 .cyf{t pxfF kl5 ca s'g} b"t cfpg] 5}gg\ / o:tf] bfaL ug{] JolQm e'm7f dfqx'g ;S5 .


d'xDdb -;=_ lxGb" wd{u|Gyx?df

!= d'xDdb -;=_ eljio k'/f0fdf M–

• eljio k'/f0f sf] -k|lt;u{ k"j{ #, cWofo # v08 # slno'uLltxf;;d'Rro_ df elgPsf] 5–

……Ptl:dGgGt/] Dn]R5 cfrfo{]h zdlGjtM .

dxfdb Olt VoftM lzio zfvf ;dlGtj M ..======

……Pp6f cs{} b]zdf Ps cfrfo{ cfˆgf ;fyLx¿l;t cfpg] 5g\ . ltgsf]gfd d'xDdb x'g]5 . ltgL d¿e"ld If]qdf cfpg]5g\ . /fhf ef]h d?:yn-d¿e"dL_ lgjf;L dxfb]jsf] b/af/df cfˆgf]] ;Dk"0f{ kfkx¿ kvfnL u+uf:gfg u/] kZrft cg'/f]w ug{]5g\– ……x] dfgjsf uf}/a c/aaf;L ltdLn] z}tfg-zq'_ x¿sf] ljgfzsf] lglDt Ps ljzfn bn hDdf u/]sf 5f}+ / ltdL :jo+ tLzq'x¿af6 ;'/lIft /xg] 5f}+Æ .

k"j{ sygfg';f/• ltgsf] gfd d'xDdb x'g]5 .

• ltgL d¿e"ld If]qdf cfpg] 5g\ .

• ltgsf ;fyL -;xfaf_ x¿ w]/} x'g]5g\ . -pgsf hlt ;fyL-z'elrGts_x¿ c¿ gaL tyf ;Gb]i6fx¿sf lyPgg\ ._

• d'xDdb -;=_ ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhflts} cfb{z x'g\ -k/jtL; gfy_ . kljqs'/cfgsf] ;"/x cn–snd, cWofo ̂ *, Znf]s $ n] o; s'/fnfO{ k'li6u/]sf] 5 – clg lg:;Gb]x ltdL dxfg :jefj ePsf xf}Æ . To:t} ;"/xcn\–cxhfa, cWofo ##, Znf]s @! df elgPsf] 5– ……x] dfgj ÛlgZro g} ltdLx¿sf nflu cNnfxsf b"t -d'xDdb_ df pQd cfbz{/x]sf] 5ÚÚ .

• pgn] d"lt{ k'hgsf] pGd"ng tyf ;a} lsl;dsf kfkx¿ -z}tfgLnIf0fx¿_sf] cGTo ug{]5g\ .

• ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -;=_ nfO{ zq'x¿af6 ;+/If0f k|bfg ul/g]5 .


tL ;Gb]i6fn] k~ruJo ldl>t u+uf hnn] :gfg u/]sf x'g]5}gg\ .hals u+ufhnnfO{ lxGb" wdf{jnlDan] Ps kljq hn, h;df :gfg ubf{ ;a}lsl;dsf kfkx¿ kvflnG5g\ eGg] wfld{s ljZjf; /fVb5g\ . oxfF eljiojf0fLn]of] klg hgfPsf] 5 ls d'xDdb -;=_ kfk /lxt cyf{t lg:kfk x'g]5g\ .

• eljio k'/f0fsf] k|lt;u{, kfj{ #, v08 #, Znf]s @#–@& df dxfClifJof;n] n]v]sf 5g\ –

……/fqf] ; b]j¿kZo ax'dfofljzf/b .

k}zfr+ b]xdf:yfo ef]h/fh+ xL ;f]8a|jLtf ..@#..

cfo{ wdf{] xL t] /fhg ;j{ wdf]{TtdM :d[tM .

O{zf1of sl/iofld k}zfr+ wd{ bf¿0fd ..@$..

lnu+R5]bL lzvfxLgM Zd>"wf/L ; b"ifsM .

pRrfnfkL ;j{eIfL eljiolt hgf]+ dd ..@%..

lagf sf}n+ r kzj:t]iff+ eIof dtf dd .

d';n]g}j ;+:sf/M s'z}l/j eljiolt ..@^..

t:dfGd';njGtf] lx hftof] wd{b"ifsM .

Olt k}zfrwd{Zr eljiolt dof s[tM ..@&..ÚÚ

cyf{t\M /fqLdf s'g} kml/Ztf -b]jb"t_ cfO{ /fhf ef]hnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L eg]–

……x] /fhg Û oBlk ltd|f] cfo{ wd{ pQd 5 tfklg o;nfO{ k}zfrwd{sf]gfdaf6 O{Zj/sf] cf1fn] :yflkt ug{]5', ln+uR5]b ul/Psf, lzvfxLg -6'KkLgePsf_, bfx|L ePsf, 7"nf] :j/df cnfk ofgL k|fy{gf -chfg_ ug{]x¿, d]/fvf; klxrfg ePsf dflg;x¿ x'g]5g\ . z'4 kz'sf] dfq cfxf/ ug{] t/ ljgfsf}n cyf{t dGqaf6 kljq gu/L s'g} kz' -eIo_ vfg of]Uo x'g] 5}g . d';n;+:sf/sf] cg';/0f ug{] 5g\ -cyf{t d';ndfg x'g]5g\_ . pgLx¿af6} d';njGt-lgi7fjfg_ ju{sf] wd{ km}lng] 5, h;af6 k}zfr wd{sf] cGTo x'g]5 .ÚÚ

• d'xDdb -;=_nfO{ a|Dxfsf] ;+1f lbOof] h;n] c1fgLx¿nfO{ ;Totfsf]hfgsf/L u/fO{ ;Tdfu{ tkm{ n}hfg]5g\ .

• ef/tLo /fhfnfO{ c/a hfg' kg{] cfjZostf lyPg lsgsL pgsf]z'l4s/0f ef/tdf g} d';ndfgx¿sf] cfudg kZrft x'g]5 .


• k"j{ slyt ;Gb]i6fsf] cfudg kZrft Ps]Zj/jfb -tf}lxb_ af/] r]tgfkm}nfpg] 5g\ / s'dfu{lt/ nDs]sfx¿nfO{ ;'wfg{] 5g\ .

• clGtd ;Gb]i6fsf cg'ofoLx¿ ln+uR5]b ul/Psf, lzvfxLg -6'KkLgePsf_, bfx|L ePsf / 7"nf] :j/df k|fy{gf -chfg_ ug{]5g\ . pgLx¿n]7"nf] kl/jt{g -qmflGt_ Nofpg]5g\ .

• pgLx¿n] a}w -xnfn_ j:t' tyf kz'x¿ dfq vfg] 5g\ . ;'+u'/ vfg]5}gg\ . kljq s'/cfgsf oL ;"/xx¿n] o; s'/fsf] k'li6 ub{5g\ .

;"/x cn\–dfObx\ cWofo % Znf]s # df elgPsf] 5–

……ltdLx¿sf nflu cj}w ul/Psf 5g\–d[t kz', /ut, ;F'u'/sf] df;' /cNnfx afx]s c¿ s;}sf] gfddf jw ul/Psf kz'x¿ .ÚÚ o:t} egfO ;"/xcn–as/x\, cn–cGcfd / cn–gxn\ df klg /x]sf] 5 .ÚÚ

• ltgLx¿ z'4tf xfl;n ug{sf nflu ljz]if lsl;dsf] 3fF; -b'af]_sf]k|of]u ug{] 5}gg\, h;/L lxGb" wd{df ul/G5, a¿ kfk tyf cwdL{x¿sf]gfzsf] lglDt o'4 ug{]5g\ .

• ltgLx¿nfO{ d';ndfg elgg] 5 .

• ltgLx¿sf /fi6« df+;fxf/L x'g]5g\ .

• j}w -s'/cfgåf/f_ ul/Psf zfsfxf/L kz' dfq vfg]5g\ . ;f] s'/fsf]k'li6 kljq s'/cfgsf] ;"/x dfO{bx, cWofo %, Znf]s, ! tyf ;"/xdf]ldg"g, cWofo @#, Znf]s @! df ul/Psf] 5 .

;"/x dfObx, Znf]s …!Ú df elgPsf] 5

……x] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û cfˆgf]] k|lta4tf tyf jrgx¿ k'/f u/ .ltdLx¿sf nflu zfsfxf/L kz' j}w ul/Psf 5g\ .Æ

@= d'xDdb -;=_ j]bx¿df M

• cy{jj]b, la;f}+ d08n, ;"Qm !@& M–

s]xL ;"Qm -cWofo_ nfO{ s'Gtk ;"Qm elgG5 . s'Gtk eGgfn] b'Mv /si6 gfzs a'lemG5 . o;y{ s'Gtk eg]sf] zflGt / ;'/Iffsf] ;Gb]z xf]h;nfO{ c/aL efiffdf O:nfd elgG5 .


s'Gtksf] csf{] cy{ x'G5 k]6leq u'Kt /x]sf u|lGyx¿ . oL dGqx¿nfO{u'Kt elgg'sf] sf/0f o;sf ;To ;Gb]zx¿ u'Kt /x]sf lyP h'g eljiodfk|s6 x'g'kg{] lyof] . o;sf uf]Ko cy{x¿ dWo] Ps gfles]Gb| cyjf k[YjLsf]s]Gb| laGb';Fu klg ;DalGwt /x]sf] 5 . dSsfnfO{ ……pDd'n s'/fÚÚ zx/x¿sfdftf cyjf k[YjLsf] gfles]Gb| xf] egL w]/} k':tsx¿df elgPsf] 5 . of]O{Zj/sf] elQm tyf pkf;gf ug{] klxnf] u[x xf] hxfF ;j{zlQmdfg O{Zj/n] o;;+;f/nfO{ cflTds 1fg k|bfg u/] . ;f] sf] k'li6 kljq s'/cfg sf] ;"/x cfn]–Od/fg, cWofo #, Znf]s (^ n] u/]sf] 5 –

……OGg cJJfn a}ltg Jf'lhc lnGgfl; nNnhL laaSstd'jf/sg\ j x'bn lnn\ cfndLgÚÚ

cyf{t ……lg:;Gb]x klxnf] 3/ h'g dflg;x¿sf nflu lgwf{l/t ul/Psf]lyof], Tof] dSsfdf /x]sf] 5, of] ;Dk"0f{ ;+;f/jf;Lx¿sf nflu d+undo tyfdfu{bz{s xf]Æ . dSsfnfO{ aSsf klg elgG5 .

……g/fz+; ldxlk|o dl:oo1 ====== -CUj]b ;+lxtf !M!#M#_

cg'jfb ……g/fz+; ;a}sf lk|o x'g]5g tyf k|z+;f ul/g]5g\ÚÚ

j]bx¿df d'xDdb -;Nn=_sf ljifodf JofVof tyf ljZn]if0f ug'{ cufl8g/fz+;sf] ljifodf hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . …g/fz+;Ú zAbsf]cy{ ljleGg ljåfgn] ljleGg k|sf/n] u/]sf 5g\ . t/ x/]s zAbsf] ;lx cy{vf]Hbf To;sf] jftfj/0f / ;Gbe{df e]befj g/fvL cyf{t lgikIf 9+uaf6ul/Psf] v08df ;lx cy{ cfpg] s'/fnfO{ gsfg{ ldNb}g .

g/fz+; zAb …g/Ú / …cfz+;Ú b'O{ zAbaf6 ag]sf] 5 . …g/Ú sf] cy{dg'io / …cfz+;sf]Ú cy{ k|z+l;t x'G5 . cyf{t\ …cfz+;Ú zAb nf}lss efiffsf]geO{ j}lbs efiffsf] xf], h;sf] cy{ s]xL JolQmn] dg'iosf] k|z+;f tyf s]xLn]dg'ioåf/f k|z+l;t ul/g' eg]sf 5g\ .

d'xDdb zAb …xDbÚ wft'af6 ag]sf] xf] h;sf] cy{ k|z+l;t x'G5 .

……OFb| hgf pk>'t g/fz+;M :tljiot]ÚÚ -cyj{j]b ;+lxtfM@)÷!@&÷!_

…x] dg'io Û of] cfb/k"j{s ;'g ls g/fz+;sf] k|z+;f ul/g] 5Ú


of] Znf]s cyj{j]bsf] xf] h'g rf/}j6f j]bx¿dWo]sf] clGtd j]b xf] .h;af6 of] :ki6 x'G5 ls g/fz+; cyj{j]bdf n]lv;s]kl5sf] s'g} sfndf cfpg]5g\ / bf];|f] s'/f pgsf] ;jf/L pmF6 x'g] s'/fsf] eljiojf0fL klg /x]sf] 5 .

……pi6«f o:o k|jfx0ff] =====ÚÚ -cy{j{j]b @)M!@&M@_

o;af6 of] :ki6 x'G5 ls g/fz+; o:tf] ;dodf cfpg] 5g\ h'g a]nf;jf/Lsf] ¿kdf pmF6x¿sf] k|of]u x'g]5 .

• j]bx¿df g/fz+;sf ljz]iftfsf eljiojf0fLx¿M

j]bx¿df g/fz+;sf ljifodf pgsf ljz]iftfx¿sf] lj:tf/k"j{s pNn]vul/Psf] 5 . h'g o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5

!_ g/fz+; ldxlk|o dl:oo1] ======= -CUj]b ;+lxtf !M!#M#_

cg'jfb – ……g/fz+; ;a}sf lk|o x'g]5g\ tyf k|z+;f ul/g]5g\ÚÚ

@_ pi6«f o:o k|jfx0ff] ====== -cy{j{j]b @)M!@&M@_

cg'jfb – ……g/fz+;n] ;jf/Lsf] ¿kdf pmF6sf] k|of]u ug{]5g\ÚÚ

o;af6 of] :ki6 x'G5 ls pgL ef/tLo Clif geO{ d¿e"lddf hGdg]tyf ;f] :yfgs} afl;Gbf x'g\ eGg] a'lemG5 lsgeg] a|fx\d0fnfO{ pmF6sf] ;jf/Lug{ lgif]w ul/Psf] s'/f dg':d[ltsf] cWofo !!, Znf]s @)! n] k'li6 ub{5 .

……pi6«ofg+ ;df¿x\o v/ofg+t' sfdtM .

:gfTjf t' ljk|f] lbUjf;fM k|f0fofd]g z'xolt ..@)!..

cg'jfb – ……cfkm"v'zL jf hfgLsg} pmF6 of uwfdfly r9\g] / gfË}g'xfpg] a|fx\d0f s]jn k|f0ffofd ugf{n] dfq z'4 x'G5 .ÚÚ

#_ ……========== dw'lhx+j xljis[td\ .Ú -CUj]b ;+lxtf !M#M@_

cg'jfb ……g/fz+;nfO{ k/f]If 1fg lbOg]5 .ÚÚ -k/f]If–O{Zj/ k|bQ 1fg_

$_ g/fz+;k|lt wfdfGohg lt:k|f] lbjM k|ltdxf :jlr{M . -CUj]b @M#M@_

cg'jfb –……g/fz+; cToflws ;'Gb/ Pj+ 1fgsf] k|;f/s x'g]5g\ÚÚ

o; dGqfg';f/ g/fz+;nfO{ k/f]If 1ftf elgPsf] 5 . d'xDdb -;Nn=_nfO{ k/f]If 1fg lbOPsf]s'/f s'/cfgn] :ki6 ub{5 . !,$@( jif{ cl3 c/aaf;Lx¿ c1fgtfsf] 3f]/ cGwsf/df lyP–of}d'n hflxlno\ox_ . d'xDdb -;Nn=_ n] cfˆgf]] ;Gb]z tyf 1fgn] ljsf;, zflGt tyfpGglt Nofpg ;kmn eP tyf pgn] u/]sf eljiojf0fLx¿ ;d]t ;To ;fljt ePsf 5g\ .


:jlr{ zAbsf] ljR5]b … zf]egf clr{O{:o ;M … cyf{t ;'Gb/ bLlDt ofsflGtn] o'Qm xf] . …:jlr{Ú zAbsf] clek|fo cToGt ;'Gb/ JolQmTjsf wgL tyfk|To]s 3/nfO{ k|sfzdfg kfg{] xf] .

%_ …g/fz+; jflhg jfholqx ===== -CUj]b !M!)^M$_

cg'jfb – ……g/fz+;n] dg'ionfO{ kfk d'Qm ug{]5g\ÚÚ

d'xDdb -;Nn=_ cfpg' cufl8 c/asf afl;Gbfx¿sf] cj:yf cGoGteofjx lyof] . dflg;df lzi6tf tyf g}ltstf s0f a/fa/ klg lyPg . c1fgtf,aa{/tf, lx+;f, zf]if0f, dlb/fkfg, h'jf, rf]/L, /Qmkft cflbn] JofKt lyof] .xh/t d'xDdb -;=_ g} x'g\ h;n] dg'iox¿sf cfrf/0fdf ;'wf/ NofP tyf k"0f{¿kn] dg'ionfO{ kfk d'Qm u/fP . h'g 36gfsf] ;fIfL Oltxf; /x]sf] 5 .

^_ …Pif Oiffo dfdx] ===== -cyj{j]b @M!@&M^_

cg'jfb – …g/fz+;sf Ps ;f+;fl/s gfd dfdx] x'g]5 .ÚÚ

o; dGqdf ClifnfO{ ……dfdx]ÚÚ gfdn] ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5 . s'g} klgef/tLo Clifx¿ tyf c¿ ;Gb]i6fx¿nfO{ ;f] gfdn] ;Daf]wg u/]sf] kfObF}g .h;sf] j]bx¿df pNn]v u/] cg';f/ ;+;f/e/ k|z+;f ul/Psf] xf];\ . ……dfdx]ÚÚzAbsf] d"n …dfxÚ xf], h;sf] cy{ dxfg x'G5 . s]xL ;+:s[t k':tsx¿dfdxfdb gfd klg j0f{g ePsf] b]lvG5 t/ ;+:s[t Jofs/0fsf cg';f/ o;zAbsf] cGo cy{ klg nfUg ;S5 . jf:tjdf …dfdxÚ zAbsf s]xL cy{x¿ 5g\h'g w]/} jf yf]/} d'xDdb -;Nn=_ zAb;Fu pRrf/0f ;lxt ldn]sf] 5 .

&= …g/fz+; ;w B[i6d dkZo+ ;k|3:tdd\ . lbjf]g ;wfd :j;d\ÚÚ .-CUj]b !M!*M(_

cg'jfb – ……k|tfkL ljVoft tyf oz:jL dg'ioåf/f :t'lt ul/g] clUgnfO{d}n] b]v]+ .

*= …g/fz+; ;'if"btLd o1dbfDoM sljlx{dw'x:ToM . -CUj]b %M%M@_

cg'jfb – ……;a} dg'ioåf/f k|z+;fsf] of]Uo clUg xfd|f] o1nfO{ k|Hjlntug{] pgL clUg sd{, s'zn, ljåfg 5g\ .ÚÚ

(= Pif Oiffo dfdx] zt+ lgisfg\ ===== -cyj{j]b @)M!@&M^_

cg'jfb – ……g/fz+;nfO{ Ps ;o :j0f{ d'b|f k|bfg ul/g]5 .Ú


lgisfg\sf] cy{ :j0f{ d'b|f xf] . :j0f{ d'b|f h;n] dg'ionfO{ cfktsfnLgcj:yfdf d2t ub{5 . o; dGqdf :j0f{ d'b|fx¿ k|bfg ul/g'sf] cy{ o:tf>]i7 JolQmx¿ x'g\ hf] /Tg em}+ dxTjzfnL 5g\ . h;n] dSsfsf] si6k"0f{hLjgdf jxfF -d'xDdb ;=_ nfO{ ;fy lbP tyf pxfFn] lbg] lzIffsf] k|rf/k|;f/ Pj+ tL pkb]zx¿sf] ;+/If0f klg ub{y] .

!)= ……Pif Oiffo dfdx] zt+ lgisfg\ bz ;|hM .ÚÚ -cyj{j]b @)M!@&M^_

cg'jfb – ……g/fz+; b; dfnfx¿n] o'Qm x'g]5g\ .ÚÚ

o; dGqdf g/fz+nfO{ b; dfnf …;|hÚ k|bfg ul/g'sf] cy{ o:tf b;JolQmx¿ lt/sf] ;+s]t xf] hf] g/fz+;sf clt g} lk|o x'g]5g\ . d'xDdb -;=_sfb; ;xfjfx¿ o:tf lyP h;n] pgnfO{ cfˆgf]] k|f0feGbf a9L rfxGy] . log} b;JolQmx¿ ;w}+ d'xDdb -;=_ sf jl/k/L x'g] ub{y] . oL JolQmx¿ d'xDdb -;=_sfunfsf xf/ em}+ lyP . tL b;} hgfnfO{ ……cz\/–P–d'aZz/fÚÚ elgG5 . ……cz/xÚÚsf] cy{ b; tyf …d'aZz/fÚ sf] cy{ …z'e ;+jfb ;"lrtÚ xf] . d'xDdb -;=_ n] tLb; ;fyL -;xfaL_x¿nfO{ o; ;+;f/ d} :ju{ hfg] z'e ;dfrf/ lbg'ePsf]lyof] . tL ;fyLx¿sf gfd o;k|sf/ 5g\ -!_ ca" aqm lag ca" s'xfkmf -@_pd/ lag vTtfa -#_ p:dfg lag cˆkmfg -$_ cnL lag ca" tflna -%_ tNxflag cf]a}b'Nnfx -^_ h'a}/ lag cJjfd -&_ ;cb lag ca" jSsf; -*_ ;O{b lagh}b -(_ cAb"/{xdfg lag cf}km -!)_ ca" pa}bf lag h/{fx .

!!= ……jLl0f ztfGoj{tf ;x;|f bz uf]gfd\ÚÚ -cyj{j]b @)M!@&M^_

cg'jfb – ……g/fz+; b; xhf/ ufO{n] o'Qm x'g]5g\ÚÚ

;+:s[t zAb …uf}Ú sf] d"n …udÚ xf] h;sf] cy{ …o'4sf] lglDt hfg'Ú xf] .ufO{nfO{ …uf}Ú elgG5 . h'g o'4sf] ;fy} zflGtsf] k|tLs dflgG5 . To:t} bzxhf/ ufO{x¿ k|bfg ul/g'sf] ;+s]t c;n ;xsdL{x¿ lbOg] tkm{ 5 . hf] ufO{em}+ c;n, >]i7 tyf uf]¿ em}+ zlQmzfnL x'g]5g\ . h;n] d'xDdb -;=_ nfO{…kmt\x] dSsfÚ dSsfsf] ljho ofqfdf ;fy lbP . ;f] o'4 dfgj Oltxf; s}Psdfq o:tf] o'4 lyof] hxfF /ut au]g g t ljkIfLx¿nfO{ s'g} si6 g}lbOof] . d'xDdb -;=_ tyf pgsf bz xhf/ ;xsdL{x¿n] xltof/x¿sf]k|of]u lagf g} ;f] o'4df ljho xfl;n u/] . d'xDdb -;=_ tyf tL jL/of]4fx¿ af/] o'4sf] ;b+e{df kljq s'/cfgsf] ;"/x kmt\x, cWofo $*, Znf]s


@( df j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 –……d'xDdb -;=_ cNnfxsf b"t x'g\ / pgsf] ;fydf/x]sf cg'ofoLx¿ cljZjf;Lx¿ k|lt s7f]/ / Ps–cfk;df bofn' 5g\ÚÚ .

!@= ……pgnfO{ #)) c/aL 3f]8fx¿ k|bfg ul/of]ÚÚ -cyj{j]b @)M!@&M^_

pgnfO{ tLg;o c/aL 3f]8f lbg'sf] cy{ jL/ of]4fx¿ k|flKt xf] h'g3f]8f h:t} t]h x'G5g\ . ……cj{gÚÚ zAbsf] zflAbs cy{ t]h c/aL 3f]8f x'G5 .ab|sf] n8fO{df d'xDdb -;=_ sf ;fyLx¿ -of]4fx¿_ sf] ;+Vof tLg ;osf]xf/fxf/Ldf lyof] . ;f] o'4df klg d'xDdb -;=_ tyf pgsf of]4f ;fyLx¿sf]ljho eof] ha ls ljkIfLx¿ tLg u'0ff Hofbf lyP .

oL dflysf j]bsf Znf]sx¿af6 g/fz+; …lk|oÚ, …dw'lhx+j+Ú cyf{t dw'/eflift, a'l4dfg of k|z+;gLo clg ;Gt x'g\ egL JofVof ul/Psf] 5 .

#= d'xDdb -;=_ pklgifb\x?df

pklgifb\x¿df klg d'xDdb -;=_ / O:nfdsf] htftt} pNn]v u/]sf]kfOG5 . gfu]Gb| j;'åf/f ;Dkflbt ljZjsf]ifsf] låtLo v08df pklgifb\x¿sf tLZnf]sx¿ lbOPsf 5g\ h'g O:nfd / ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -;=_ l;t ;DalGwt 5g\ .

kf7sj[Gbx¿nfO{ jf:tljstfaf/] hfgsf/L k|fKt xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon]o;sf s]xL k|d'v Znf]s / ltgsf cy{ k|:t't ub{5' .

……c:dfNnf+ ONn] ldqj¿0ff lbJoflg wGtf .ONnNn] j¿0ff] /fhf k'gb'{b M .

xofldqf] ONnf+ ONnNn] ONnf+ j¿0f] ldq:t]h:sfd M ..!..xf]tf/ldGb|f] xf]tf/ldGb| dxf;'l/Gb|f M .

cNnf] Ho]i7+ k/d+k"0f{ a|x\df0f+ cNnfd\ [email protected]] /;"n dxfdb /sfa/:o cNnf] cNnfd\ ..#..

-cNnf]klgifb\ !,@,#_

cyf{t o; b]jtfsf] gfd cNnfx xf] . pgL Ps 5g\ . ldq j¿0f cflbpgsf ljz]iftfx¿ x'g\ . jf:tjdf cNnfx j¿0f x'g\ hf] ;Dk"0f{ ;[li6sf /fhfx'g\ . k"Ho To; cNnfxnfO{ cfˆgf]] ;fyL ;+em . pgL j¿0f x'g\ / Ps ldqn]h:t} pgL ;Dk"0f{ dflg;x¿sf sfd ;DefN5g\ . pgL OGb| x'g\, >]i7 OGb| .cNnfx ;a}eGbf 7"nf, ;a} eGbf /fd|f, ;a}eGbf a9L k"0f{ / ;a}eGbf a9Lkljq 5g\ . d'xDdb -;=_ cNnfxsf >]i7Q/ ;Gb]zjfxs x'g\ .


pko'Qm egfOx¿af6 of] lglj{jfb ¿kdf :ki6 x'G5 ls ;j{zlQmdfgcNnfx Ps 5g\ / d'xDdb -;=_ pgsf ;Gb]i6f -k}uDa/_ x'g\ . o; pklgifb\sfcGo Znf]sx¿df klg O:nfd / d'xDdb -;=_ sf ljifodf ;DaGw emNsfpg]s'/fx¿ cfPsf 5g\ . o; pklgifb\df cufl8 elgPsf] 5–

…cfbNnf a"s d]ssd\ cNna"s lgvfbe\ ..$..cNnf] o1]g x't x'Tjf cNnf ;"o\o{ rGb| ;j{gIfqM ..%..

cNnf] CifL0f+ ;j{ lbAofF OGb|fo k"j{ dfof k/dGtl/Iff ..^..cNnM k[lyJof cGtl/1+ ljZj¿kd\ ..&..

ONnf+sa/ ONnf+sa/ ONnf ONnNn]lt ONnNnf ..*..cf]d\ cNnf ONnNnf cgflb :j¿kfo cyj{0f zodf x'xL

hgfg kz"g l;4fg hnj/fg\ cb[i6+ s'¿ km6 ..(..c;'/;+xfl/0fL x|+ xL+ cNnf] /;"n dxdb/sa:o cNnf] cNnfd\

ONnNn]lt ONnNnlt ONnNnf ..!)..Olt cNnf]klgifb\

cyf{t cNnfxn] ;a} Clifx¿nfO{ k7fP / rGb|df, ;"o{ / tf/fx¿pTkGg u/] . pgn] cfsfznfO{ pTkGg u/] . cNnfxn] a|x\df08 -wtL{ /cfsfz_ nfO{ agfP . cNnfx >]i7 5g\ . pgL afx]s sf]xL k"Ho 5}g . Pk"hf/L Û elgb]p cNnfx afx]s sf]xL k"Ho 5}g . cNnfx cgflbb]lv 5g\ . pgL;f/f ljZjsf kfngstf{ x'g\ . pgL ;Dk"0f{ ljs[ltx¿ / ;d:ofx¿nfO{ lgd"{nug{]jfnf x'g\ . d'xDdb -;=_ cNnfxsf /;"n x'g\ hf] o; ;+;f/sf kfngxf/x'g\ . To;}n] 3f]if0ff u/ ls cNnfx Ps 5g\ / pgLafx]s s'g} k"Ho 5}g .!

-d'xDdb -;=_ wd{u|Gyx¿df –8f= Pd=P=>Ljf:tj_

-gf]6–!–Hofb} yf]/}dfq ljåfg h;sf] ;DaGw ljz]if ¿kdf cfo{ ;dfhl;t /x]sf] atfOG5,cNnf]klgifb\sf] u0fgf pklgifb\x¿df ub{}gg\ tyf o;nfO{ pklgifb\ dfGg c:jLsf/ ub{5g\ .hals ltgLx¿sf] ts{df s'g} zlQm 5}g . o; sf/0f klg lxGb" wd{df clwst/ ljåfg /Clifd'lgx¿ pkjfbx¿sf] cfu|xdf Wofg lbb}gg\ . uLtf k|]; -uf]/vk'/_ sf] gfd lxGb" wd{sfk|dfl0fs k|sfzg s]Gb|sf ¿kdf cu|u0o 5 . o;sf] ljz]if k|:t'lt ……pklgifb\ cÍ df @@)pklgifb\x¿sf] ;"lr lbOPsf] 5 . h;df cNnf]klgifb\sf] pNn]v !% cf}+ gDa/df ul/Psf] 5 .!$ cf}+ gDa/df cdt ljGb'klgifb\ / !^ cf}+ gDa/df cjw"tf]klgifb\ -kB_ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .8f= j]b k|sfz pkfWofon] klg cNnf]klgifb\nfO{ k|dfl0fs pklgifb\ dfg]sf 5g\ . -x]g{'xf];\j}l4s ;flxToM Ps ljj]rgf k|bLk k|sfzg k[i7 !)!, ;+:s/0f !((*_ .


• k'/f0f tyf j]bx?df cxdb / d'xDdb zAbsf] pkl:ytcxdb M–cxdb M–cxdb M–cxdb M–cxdb M–

…j]bxd]t+ k'?if dxfGtdflbTtoj0f{ td;M k|:tft ===== ogfo ..-oh'/j{]b #!M!*_

cg'jfb – …j]b cxdb dxfgtd k'?if x'g\ . ;"o{n] em}+ cGwsf/nfO{k/f:t ug{] 5g\ . pgnfO{ hfg]/ a'em]df dfq d[To'nfO{ kf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .o;sf] cnfjf nIo;Dd k'Ug] c¿ s'g} dfu{ 5}gÚ .

…cxldlb lkt'ikl/ d]3fd[t:o hue cx+ ;"o{ Ojf hfgL .Ú -eljio k'/f0fk|lt;u{ kj{ rt'y{ cWofo sln s[tlji0f' :t'ltM_

o; k|sf/ …cxdb\Ú sf] olt w]/} dxTj 5 ls -CUj]b *÷^÷!)_,-;fdj]b @÷^÷*_ tyf -cyj{j]b @)÷!!%÷!_ df ;f]xL dGq tyf zAbsf]af/Daf/ j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 h;n] s]jn xh/t d'xDdb -;=_nfO{ g} ;+s]tub{5 .

d'xDdb -;=_ sf] …cxdbÚ gfd Ps c/aL zAb xf] h;nfO{ w]/}cg'jfbs÷cg'jflbsf ldqx¿n] unt ¿kdf a'em]sf 5g\, kmn:j¿k cxdtx'g uO{ o;sf] cg'jfbdf kl/jt{g cfpg uPsf] xf] .

d'xDdb M–d'xDdb M–d'xDdb M–d'xDdb M–d'xDdb M–

…c1fg x]t' s[t df]xdbfGwsf/ gfz+ ljBfo+ lxt bf] bot]ljj]s . ->Ldb\efujt k'/f0f @÷&@_

oxfF :ki6 ¿kn] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 ls d'xDdbåf/f cGwsf/sf] gfzul/G5 tyf 1fg / ljj]ssf] k|sfz pbo x'g]5 .

xh/t d'xDdb -;=_n] eGg' ePsf] 5– …d]/f cg]s gfdx¿ 5g\ . dd'xDdb x'F / cxdb x'F . -a'vf/L d'l:nd_

;f/f+z!= dflysf Znf]sdf d'xDdbsf] :yfgdf c;n ;+:s[tdf dxfdb zAbsf]

k|of]u ePsf] 5 / o;} Znf]sdf Dn]R5 zAb klg k|of]u ePsf] 5 h'gu}/ cfo{ g:nsf] lgjf;Lx¿sf nflu k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . h;/L u}/


c/asf nflu chd / u}/ ox'bLsf nflu …h]lG6N;Ú zAb k|of]u ul/G5To;/L g} ;f] zAbsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 .

@_ o;} k|sf/n] d'xDdb -;=_ sf ;DaGw ……d¿:ynÚÚ ;Fu x'g]5 / ;+:s[tdf…d¿:ynÚ zAb eGgfn] /]lu:tfgLsf] e"–efu eGg] a'lemG5 . d'xDdb-;=_ klg /]lu:tfgL e"efudf cfpg' eof] . pxfFnfO{ akmfbf/-OdfGbf/_ ;fyLx¿sf ;fy} kml/Ztfx¿ -b]jb"tx¿_ sf] ;xfotfk|fKt eof] .

#_ csf{] dxTjk"0f{ a"Fbf of] xf] ls pgn] d"lt{ k'hfsf] pGd'ng ug{]5g\ tyfdfgjhfltsf] nflu pksf/s x'g]5g\ . ctM xh/t d'xDdb -;=_ n]klg d"lt{ k"hf k|yf 5f]8]/ Ps]Zj/ -cNnfx_ sf] elQm ug{] lzIfflbg'eof] tyf dfgjhflt s} pksf/s l;4 x'g'eof] .

o; k|sf/ pko'{Qm ;a} u'0fx¿ s]jn xh/t d'xDdb -;=_ dfly l;4x'G5g\ . oL tYox¿sf] lj:t[t JofVof eljio k'/f0f efu #, v08 #, cWofo#, Znf]s %–* df ul/Psf] 5 . -clGtd ;Gb]i6f –d'ˆtL df]= ;v/ kmf¿sLgbjL_


dfgj?kLjfb (Anthropomorphism)

!= lxGb" dtMdfgjLo OR5f, cfsfFIff a'‰g O{Zj/nfO{ dfgjLo ¿k lng' kg{]

cfjZostfM

k|fo c¿ wd{x¿ -O:nfd afx]s_ tyf s]xL JolQmx¿n] Anthropomor-phism sf] bz{g zf:qdf ljZjf; ub{5g\, Tof] xf] O{Zj/n] dfgj z/L/ wf/0fug{] ljZjf; . o; bz{g zf:qfg';f/ O{Zj/ olt z'4, lgd{n / kljq 5g\ lspgL dfgjsf kL8f, ;+3if{, bf]if, sl7gfO{ cflb efjgfx¿ k|lt cgle1 x'G5g\ .dflg;x¿sf b'Mv / si6 cflbsf] cg'ejaf/] O{Zj/nfO{ s'g} 1fg x'Fb}g . ctMdflg;x¿sf lglDt plrt lgod, sfg"gsf] :yfkgfsf] nflu pgL dfgj ¿klnO{ o; wtL{df cfpg] ub{5g\ .

@= O:nfdsf] dt MdfgjLo OR5f, cfsfFIff a'‰g O{Zj/nfO{ dfgjLo ¿k lng' kg{]

cfjZostf g/x]sf] M o;nfO{ :ki6;Fu a'‰gsf] nflu Ps pbfx/0f k|:t'tul/Psf] 5 .

dfgL lncf}+ d]/f] Ps sf/vfgf 5 hxfFaf6 d /]l8of]x¿ pTkfbgub{5' . cyf{t d /]l8of]sf] /rgfsf/ x'F . ca Ps k|Zg cfpg ;S5,/]l8of]sf] xfgL / gf]S;fgLx¿ tyf /fd|f] / g/fd|f] kIfx¿ yfxf kfpg s] d:jo+n] klg /]l8of]sf] ¿k wf/0f ug{'kg{] cfjZos 5 t < o:tf] j:t'sf]lgdf{0f u/] kZrft d Ps lgb{]zg k'l:tsf klg tof/ ub{5' . h;df o;sfsfo{k|0ffnL, o;sf kf6{–k"hf{x¿af/] ;xL hfgsf/L tyf o;nfO{ ;~rfngug{] ljlw cflb s'/fx¿sf] j0f{g ul/Psf] x'G5 . o; j:t'nfO{ s] af6hf]ufpg' k5{ tyf ug{ x'g] / ug{ gx'g] sfo{x¿ lgb{]zg k'l:tsfdf pNn]vul/Psf x'G5g\ . o:tf] lgb{]zg k'l:tsf s]jn d}n] dfq ;xL ¿kn] tof/ug{ ;Sb5' lsgsL d g} o; j:t'sf] -/]l8of]sf]_ c;nL /rgfsf/ tyflgdf{0fstf{ x'F .

o;}u/L ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltsf lglDt ;[li6stf{sf tkm{af6 Ps lgb{]zgk'l:tsf tof/ ul/Psf] 5, Tof] xf] kljq u|Gy s'/cfg . ;[li6stf{ cNnfxnfO{


dflg;sf c;n / v/fa kIfx¿ yfxf kfpg dfgjs} ¿k wf/0f u/L xfdLdfem cfpg' kg{] cfjZostf 5}g . …s'/cfgÚ O{Zj/sf tkm{af6 ljZjs};Dk"0f{ dfgj hfltsf] lglDt tof/ kfl/Psf] clGtd tyf lg0ff{os lgb{]zgk'l:tsf xf] .

…s'/cfgÚ df dflg;x¿sf nflu ug{ x'g] -j}w_ / ug{ gx'g] -cj}w_sfo{x¿ cflbsf] ljj/0f lbOPsf] 5 .

cNnfx :jo+nfO{ o; wtL{df cfO lgb{]zg k'l:tsf tof/ ug{'kg{]cfjZostf 5}g . pgn] dflg;x¿dWo]af6 g} JolQmsf] rog u/L cfˆgf;Gb]zx¿ k'¥ofpg] ub{5g\ . o:tf JolQmnfO{ cfsfzjf0fL dfkm{t O{Zj/ cfˆgf;"rgf, ;Gb]zx¿ k|bfg ub{5g\ . oL JolQmx¿nfO{ g} O{Zj/sf ;Gb]i6f tyf/;"n elgG5 .


O:nfdsf cf:yfsf :tDex? / cfwf/lznfx?

Ps]Zj/jfb, O{zb"tTj / k/nf]ssf wf/0ffx¿ O:nfdsf tLgcfwf/:tDex¿ x'g\, h;dfly O:nfdsf ;Dk"0f{ cf:yf / ;Tsd{x¿ cfwfl/t/x]sf 5g\ .

cf:yfsf cjwf/0ffx¿M cf:yfsf cjwf/0ffx¿ ̂ j6f 5g\ h'g o;k|sf//x]sf 5g\ .

!_ Ps O{Zj/k|lt cf:YffMPs O{Zj/k|lt cf:YffMPs O{Zj/k|lt cf:YffMPs O{Zj/k|lt cf:YffMPs O{Zj/k|lt cf:YffM Ps JolQm d';ndfg x'gsf] nflu Ps]Zj/dfcf:yf /fVg cfjZos 5, h;n] ubf{ tL JolQmn] Ps O{Zj/ afx]s cGos'g} klg zlQm jf :j¿ksf ;fd' cfˆgf] lz/ glgx'/fcf];\, cGo zlQmjf :j¿k h:t} k|s[lt, k|f0fL, gIfq, d"lt{ cflbsf ;fd'' gtd:ts eOlgx'l/g' eg]sf] Ps O{Zj/sf] :yfgdf c¿ s;}nfO{ ;dfj]z ug{' jf;femf 7x¥ofpg' xf], h'g sfo{ dflg;sf lglDt Ps cIfDo ck/fw xf]egL O{Zj/ -cNnfx_ clGtd ;Tou|Gy s'/cfg dfkm{t eGb5g\ .

Ps]Zj/jfbsf] wf/0ff lxGb" wd{df klg /x]sf] 5 . ;f] s'/fsf] k'li6 lxGb"wd{sf u|Gyx¿ j]b tyf pklgifb\n] ub{5g\ .

@_ O{zb"tx¿ k|lt cf:yfM O{zb"tx¿ k|lt cf:yfM O{zb"tx¿ k|lt cf:yfM O{zb"tx¿ k|lt cf:yfM O{zb"tx¿ k|lt cf:yfM dfgjdWo]af6} s'g} ljlzi6 JolQmsf] rog u/LO{Zj/ cfˆgf ;Gb]zx¿ dfgj;dIf k'¥ofpg] ub{5g\ . xbL; cg';f/nueu !,@$,))) O{zb"tx¿ k7fOPsf] s'/fsf] 1fg x'G5 . h;dWo]@% j6fsf gfd ;xLtsf] j0f{g s'/cfgdf kfOG5 . tLdWo] cfbd, g"x,Oa|fxLd -c=_, O:dfO{n -c=_, O:xfs -c=_, d";f -c=_, O{;f -c=_,d'xDdb -;=_ cflbx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

lxGb" wd{df O{zb"tTjsf] wf/0ff em}+ cjtf/jfbsf] wf/0ff /x]sf] kfOG5 .h; cg';f/ dfgjtfsf] /Iffsf nflu O{Zj/ :jo+ ljleGg cjtf/ lnOx/]s o'udf wtL{df cfpg] ub{5g\ egL efujt uLtfdf pNn]v ul/Psf]kfOG5 .

#_ O{Zj/Lo u|Gyx¿ k|lt cf:yfM O{Zj/Lo u|Gyx¿ k|lt cf:yfM O{Zj/Lo u|Gyx¿ k|lt cf:yfM O{Zj/Lo u|Gyx¿ k|lt cf:yfM O{Zj/Lo u|Gyx¿ k|lt cf:yfM s'/cfgdf $ j6f u|Gyx¿sf] gfdj0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . h'g O{Zj/n] cfˆgf b"tx¿dfly ljleGg o'udfcjtl/t u/] . tL x'g\M ha"/, tf}/ft, OGhLn / s'/cfg . h'g qmdzMbfpb -c=_, d";f -c=_, O{;f -c=_ / d'xDdb -;=_ dfly cjtl/t u/] .


oL dWo] d'xDdb -;=_ ;a} ;Gb]i6fx¿sf] ;dfks x'g'x'G5 . cyf{t\pxfF clGtd ;Gb]i6f x'g'x'G5 / pxfFdfly cjtl/t u|Gy s'/cfg Pslg0ff{os O{zu|Gy xf] .

lxGb" wd{df j]b tyf pklgifb\nfO{ O{Zj/Lo u|Gy egL ljZjf; u/]sf]kfOG5 . h'g Ps]Zj/jfb / k/nf]ssf] cf:yfdfly cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 .

$_ kml/Ztfx¿ k|lt cf:yfMkml/Ztfx¿ k|lt cf:yfMkml/Ztfx¿ k|lt cf:yfMkml/Ztfx¿ k|lt cf:yfMkml/Ztfx¿ k|lt cf:yfM kml/Ztfx¿ -b"t_ klg cNnfxsf ;[li6 x'g\ .logLx¿ cf]h:jL, c;fWo} /fd|f tyf lbJo k|sf;af6 ag]sf x'G5g\ .logLx¿ O{Zj/sf cf1fkfns tyf lg:kfk x'G5g\ . s]xL kml/Ztfx¿sf]gfd lha|O{n, ldsfO{n, Oh|fO{n, O;|fkmLn cflb xf] .

kml/Ztfx¿ em}+ b]jb"tx¿ k|ltsf] ljZjf; lxGb" wdf{jnDaLx¿df klg/x]sf] kfOG5 .

%_ s_ cflv/t dfly cf:yfMcflv/t dfly cf:yfMcflv/t dfly cf:yfMcflv/t dfly cf:yfMcflv/t dfly cf:yfM o; s'/fdf cf:yf /fVg' ls k|nokZrft cNnfxn] ;a}nfO{ k'ghL{ljt kfg{]5g\ / ;f] lbg x/]sJolQmn] o; wlt{df u/]sf] cfˆgf] ] sd{ cg';f/sf] kmnkfpg]5g\ .

v_ k'ghL{jg / k/nf]sk|lt cf:yfMk'ghL{jg / k/nf]sk|lt cf:yfMk'ghL{jg / k/nf]sk|lt cf:yfMk'ghL{jg / k/nf]sk|lt cf:yfMk'ghL{jg / k/nf]sk|lt cf:yfM Ps d';ndfgn] k/nf]ssf]hLjgk|lt cf:yf /fVg h¿/L 5 lsgsL cNnfx s'/cfg dfkm{teGb5g\, ……pgL h;n] d[To' / hLjgsf] ;[li6 u/] h;n] ubf{ pgn]ltd|f] k/LIff lnpg\ ls ltdL dWo] s;n] c;n sfo{ ug{]5g\ / pgL-O{Zj/_ k|e'TjzfnL / Ifdflzn 5g\ÚÚ . o;af6 of] :ki6 x'G5 lskf/nf}lss hLjgsf] lglDt of] hLjg s]jn Ps k/LIff xf] . o;;TonfO{ x/]s d';ndfgn] cfTdf;ft ug{'kb{5 .

k'ghL{jg tyf k/nf]s k|ltsf] wf/0ff lxGb" wd{df klg /x]sf] 5 .

^_ efUo -tsbL/_ k|lt cf:yfMefUo -tsbL/_ k|lt cf:yfMefUo -tsbL/_ k|lt cf:yfMefUo -tsbL/_ k|lt cf:yfMefUo -tsbL/_ k|lt cf:yfM efUok|lt x/]s d';ndfgn] cf:yf clgljZjf; /fVg' k5{ lsgeg] Pp6f dflg;n] cfˆgf]] hLjgdf s] u5{, s]vfG5, slt pd]/ kfpF5 . oL ;a} s'/fnfO{ O{Zj/n] klxn]b]lv cfˆgf]]1fgsf] cfwf/df n]lvlbPsf 5g\ . h;nfO{ xfdL efUo eGb5f}+ / dflg;n]h] ug{]5 jf p;sf] hLjgdf h] x'g]jfnf 5 ;f] sf] hfgsf/L cNnfxnfO{x'G5 / pgn] To;nfO{ n]v]sf x'G5g\ . Ps d';ndfgn] efUo k|ltcf:yf /fVg'sf] cy{ x'G5 cfkm"n] hGdb} kfPsf u'0f, cju'0f jf hLjgsf


psfnL–cf]/fnL h] h:tf]df klg w}o{wf/0f u/L O{Zj/s} cfb]z adf]lhdhLjg Aoltt ug{' .

lxGb" wd{df klg efUo k|ltsf] wf/0ff /x]sf] kfOG5 . o;af/] lj:t[t5nkmn ug{]5' .

oL x'g\ Ps d';ndfgn] cfTdf;ft ug{'kg{] ̂ j6f cf:yfsf cjwf/0ffx¿O:nfdn] ;b}j Ond / cdn cyf{t 1fg / sd{ b'j}nfO{ k|fyldstflbPsf] 5 . 1fg olb 1fgdf g} ;Lldt /x]sf] v08df Tof] cw'/f] clgck"0f{ x'G5 . o;y{ oL cf:yfsf :tDex¿df cfwfl/t eO h'g d';ndfgn];Tsd{ ub{5 Tof] g} jf:tjdf d[To'nf]s / k/nf]s b'j}df ;kmntf k|fKtug{] JolQm aGb5 .

;f+;fl/s hLjgsf] k|To]s ;do / k|To]s ljifodf O{Zj/l;t 8/fpg',pgsf] k|;GgtfnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg', pgsf] sfg'gsf] kfngf ug'{, pgsf]cj1faf6 k|fKt x'g] k|To]s nfenfO{ kG5fpg' / k|To]s Ifl0fs ;f+;fl/ssi6nfO{ l:jsfg'{ hf] pgsf] cf1fkfngdf x'G5 jf x'g] 8/ x'G5 . olxxf] cNnfxsf] ;lx pkf;gf . o;/L hLjg pkf;gf g} pkf;gfn] e/Lk"0f{x'G5 . oxfF;Dd ls hLjgdf vfg', lkpg', lx8\g', 8'Ng', ;'Tg', p7\g',s'/fsfgL ug'{ OToflb sfo{x¿ ;d]t pkf;gfdf ;dflji6 5g\ . oxLpkf;gfsf] jf:tljs clek|fo xf] . O:nfdsf] jf:tljs p2]Zo g}d';ndfgx¿nfO{ o:t} pkf;s / ;]js agfpg' xf] . O{:nfddf s]xLo:tf pkf;gfx¿ clgjfo{ ul/Psf 5g\ . h;af6 dflg;nfO{ o;dxfg pkf;gfsf lglDt tof/ ul/G5 cyf{t o:tf tflnd ljz]ifpkf;gfx¿ o; 7"nf] pkf;gfsf] lglDt tflnd ;DalGw kf7\oqmdx'g\ . h;n] of] tfnLd /fd|/L u|x0f u5{, p;n] of] 7"nf] / jf:tljspkf;gfnfO{ plt g} /fd|/L sfo{?kdf kl/0ft ug{ ;S5 . o;sf/0f oLljz]if pkf;gfx¿nfO{ d'Vo st{Jo cyjf clgjfo{ sfo{ 7x¥ofOPsf]5 . o;}n] logLx¿nfO{ wd{sf c+u jf :tDex¿ elgG5 .

O:nfd wd{sf kf“r cfwf/lznfx?

!_ zxfbtMzxfbtMzxfbtMzxfbtMzxfbtM O:nfdsf kfFr cfwf/lznfx¿dWo]sf] k|yd tyf cToGt}dxTjk"0f{ :tDe zxfbt -cfTdf–;fIfL_ sf] /x]sf] 5 . lsgeg] o;sf]


z'¿jft Ps o:tf] ;To sygaf6 x'G5 h'g cNnfxn] dfgj hflt;dIf k|s6 u/] M ……nf Onfx ONnNnfx, d'xDdb'/{;'n'NnfxÚÚ cyf{t-;j{–zlQmdfg_ cNnfx afx]s s'g} klg -zlQm tyf :j¿k_ pkf;gftyf elQmsf] of]Uo 5}g tyf d'xDdb O{Zj/sf eQm Pj+ ;Gb]i6f x'g\Ú .o; dfly cf:yf /fVg] lalQs} Ps AolQm d';ndfg aGb5 .

@_ gdfhMgdfhMgdfhMgdfhMgdfhM Ps d';ndfgsf] klxnf] st{Jo gdfh xf] . gdfh cyf{t\ PscNnfxsf] k|fy{gf . o;sf] ;fy} gdfh Ps AolQmsf] g}lts ;'wf/ /cg'zf;gsf] cEof; u/fpg] Ps zf/Ll/s / cfWoflTds of]u cyf{t\d]n xf] . clgjfo{ gdfh -kmh{_ lbgsf] kfFr k6s x/]s aflnu dlxnftyf k'?if d';ndfgx¿nfO{ clgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .

lxGb" wd{df klg d"lt{ k"hfnfO{ lgif]lwt ul/Psf] 5 . cufl8 pNn]vul/Psf j]bsf Znf]sx¿n] o; s'/fsf] k'li6 ub{5 . s]xL kl08tx¿n]d"lt{sf] k|of]u s]jn dg Psfu|tfsf lglDt dfq k|of]u ug{] atfPsf5g\ .

#_ /f]hfM /f]hfM /f]hfM /f]hfM /f]hfM /f]hf cyf{t\ j|t x/]s d';ndfgx¿sf] csf{] clgjfo{ st{Jo xf] .of] /dhfg dlxgfdf x/]s lbg ;"of{]]boeGbf cufa} z'¿ e} ;"of{:tkl5k"/f x'G5 . j|tsf] ;dodf cGg, hn, of}g ;Dks{ cflbnfO{ TofUg;s]sf] v08df dfq j|t k"0f{ x'g] ub{5 . j|tfn'n] cfkm"nfO{ l/;, emu8f,cgfjZos jfb–ljjfb cflbaf6 6f9f /fVg' kb{5, cGoyf j|t cy{xLgx'g]5 . /f]hfn] AolQmnfO{ cfTd;+odsf] afgL a;fNb5 . olb tkfO{+cfˆgf]] ef]s / Kof;nfO{ lgoGq0fdf /fVg ;Sg' x'G5 eg] cGo s'/fx¿sf]rfxgfsf] lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sg] OR5f–zlQmsf] ljsf; tkfO{+ :jo+n] ug{;Sg' x'G5 .

O:nfd wd{df em}+ lxGb" wd{df klg j|tsf] cjwf/0ff /x]sf] 5 . t/j|tsf] tl/sf / clgjfo{tfdf leGgtf 5 .

$_ hsftM hsftM hsftM hsftM hsftM jif{sf] Ps k6s clgjfo{ ¿kn] ug{'kg{] bfg wgsf] Tofu g}hsft xf] . hsft k|foM ;a} d';ndfgx¿sf nflu clgjfo{ ul/Psf]5 . hDdf k"FhL, ;'g, rfFbL, cflb h:tf d"Nojfg j:t'af6 / Jofkf/–Joj;fo, s[lif pTkfbg cflbaf6 hsft lbg cfjZos x'G5 . o;af6p7]sf] /sd u/La, C0fdf 8'a]sf cfkmGtnfO{, ;+s6df k/]sf ofq'


cflbnfO{ lbOG5 . o;/L bfg lbg] k|j[ltn] s]jn u/Lax¿nfO{ dfqd2t k'Ug] xf]Og a¿ bftfx¿df klg bfg lbg' kg{] efjgf pTkGgu/fpg d2t k'Ub5 . olb ljZjsf x/]s JolQmn] lglZrt ul/P cg'¿ks}/sd hsft lbg] xf] eg] ;+;f/sf s'g} klg AolQmsf] ef]sd/Ln] ubf{d[To' x'g] 5}g . o:tf] k|j[ltn] ;dfhdf laBdfg wgL / u/La aLrsf]vf8nnfO{ sd ug{] 5 .

lxGb" wd{df bfg–blIf0ffsf] k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 . bfg–blIf0ffx¿af/] lxGb"wd{u|Gyx¿df klg pNn]v ul/Psf] kfOG5 . lxGb" ;+:s[lt cg';f/–o1,tk / bfg oL ltg} sd{x¿n] o'Qm o1 sfo{sf] ;Dkfbg ubf{ k|bfgul/g] bfgnfO{ blIf0ff elgG5 . o;sf] lagf o1sd{ k"0f{ x'Fb}g .

%_ xhMxhMxhMxhMxhM cfˆgf] hLjg–sfndf slDtdf Ps kN6 xh -tLy{_ ug{' zf/Ll/styf cfly{s ¿kn] ;Ifd d';ndfgsf nflu clgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .ljZjsf x/]s s'gfaf6 x/]s jif{ e08} @=% ldlnog eQmhgx¿ Ps}ynf]df -sfafdf_ e]nf x'g] ub{5g\ .

lxGb" wd{df tLy{ ug{] k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 . …tLy{Ú sf] kl/efiff lbb} dw';"bg;'j]bL -cgGt wf/f, jif{ @, cÍ ̂ _ df n]V5g– ……d'Qm ePsf jf d'Qm x'grfxg] JolQm hxfF a:b5g\ Tof] :yfgnfO{ tLy{ eGb5g\ÚÚ . pgL cemcufl8 n]V5g\ ……tLy{ eg]sf] jf:tljs wfd xf]ÚÚ .


wd{u|Gyx?df d[To"kl5sf] hLjg

• j]bdf d[To'kl5sf] hLjg

d[To'kl5sf] hLjgsf] ;Gbe{df CUj]b, b;f}+ d08n, ;"Qm !^, Znf]s $df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ……o; d[t k'?ifdf h'g cljgfzL O{Zj/Lo c+z 5,To;nfO{ ltdL cfˆgf t]hn] tkfP/ k|v/ u/fpm . Hjfnfn] To;nfO{ alnof]agfpm . …hftj]bÚ cfˆgf sNof0fsf/L lje"ltn] To;nfO{ k'0ofTdfsf] nf]sdfnlub]pmÚÚ ;+:s[t zAb …;'s[tfd' nf]sd\Ú sf] cy{ …k'0ocfTdfsf] nf]sdfÚ xf],h;sf] cy{ d[To'kl5sf] hLjg eGg] a'lemG5 .

CUj]b, b;f}+ d08n, ;"Qm !^, Znf]s % n] eG5,

……d[t k'?if ltd|f nflu :jwfo'Qm cfx'ltsf] ¿k u|x0f ub{5 . p;nfO{ltdL km]/L lkt[sf nflu l;h{gf u/ . hftj]b Û o;sf cfo'sf] h'g efu afFsL5, Tof] k|f0f;DkGg xf];\ / k'gM alnof] z/L/wf/L xf]cf];\ÚÚ .

o; Znf]sn] bf]>f] hLjg cyjf d[To'kl5sf] hLjgaf/] k|i6 ub{5 .

• j]bx¿df :ju{sf] j0f{g

cyj{j]b, rf}yf] d08n, ;"Qm #$, Znf]s ^ cg';f/

……k|sfzsf] Wjlg ePsf], dw' cyf{t 1fgsf] /Iff ug{], ;'/f cyf{t P]Zjo{jf tTj dygnfO{ ;]jg ug{], ef]hg ;fwgn] ;]rg jf a[l4 ;fwgn] clg wf/0fkf]if0f ;fdYo{n] kl/k"0f{ .ÚÚ

cyj{j]b, rf}yf], d08n, ;"Qm #$, Znf]s @ cg';f/

……glu/fpg of]Uo, z'4 cfr/0faf6 z'4 ul/Psf] z'4 :jefj, k|sfzdfgdxfTdf JolQmx¿ g} Hof]lt :j¿k nf]snfO{ kfpF5g\ . k|fl0fx¿nfO{ lrg]sfk/d]Zj/n] logsf ult jf ;fdYo{nfO{ hnfpFb}g . To;}n] logL -dxfTdfx¿_x¿sf ;[li6sf] lxtsd{ /fd|f] k|sf/n] kfpg of]Uo ;'vbfos nf]sdf w]/} 5g\ .ÚÚ

cyj{j]b, bf]>f] d08n, ;"Qm #$, Znf]s % cg';f/

……7"nf] 1fg ePsf JolQmn] k|yd :yfgdf jt{dfg dxfTdf k'?if ;a}sf]


lxtsf nflu ;a}lt/ hfg] cfˆgf]] k|f0fnfO{ k|ToIf u|x0f u/ . -x] dg'io_ 1fgk|sfz jf Jojxf/nfO{ k|fKt u/, ;a}sf cufl8 ltdL k|ltli7t xf]cf}+, b]jtfx¿hfg of]Uo dfu{x¿af6 :ju{ -dxf cfgGb_ df ltdL k'uÚÚ .

cyj{j]b, 5}7f}+ d08n, ;"Qm !@@, Znf]s # cg';f/

……x] -bDklt_ :qL–k'?ifx¿ -;Tsd{nfO{_ lg/Gt/ cf/De u/, ldn]/ cf/Deu/L /fv, >4fn' JolQmx¿ o; -:ju{_ nf]snfO{ lg/Gt/ ef]Ub5g\ . cfuf]dfkfs]sf -cGg_ ltd|f] nflu pkl:yt 5, To;sf] /Iffsf] nflu ltdL b'j} k/:k/cf>o lnpmÚÚ .

CUj]b, bzf}+ d08n, ;"Qm, Znf]s !* cg';f/

……x] O8fsf k'q Û ltdL d[To'dfly ljho k|fKt ug{ ;S5f} eg]/ oL ;a}b]jtfn] ltd|} ljifodf s'/f ul//x]sf 5g\ . hLjgsf] sfd k"hf ;dfg dfg /:ju{df uP/ ;'v tyf cfgGb k|fKt u/Æ .

• j]bx¿df gs{sf] j0f{g

j]bx¿df gs{ af/]sf] j0f{g ul/Psf] kfOG5 . …gs{Ú nfO{ ;+:s[tdf …gs{:yfgd\ÚelgPsf] 5 . CUj]b, rf}yf] d08n, ;"Qm %, Znf]s $ df elgPsf] 5,

……ldqb]j / j¿0fb]jsf lk|okfqsf] ljgfz ug{] JolQmnfO{ c;n wgn];DkGg / ltvf bfFt ePsf clUgb]j cfkm\g} t]hn] e:d agfOlbG5g\ÚÚ

……bfh'efOlagfsL t/ klt;Fu eu8f ug{] :qLn] h:tf] b'Mv kfpF5g\ p;}lsl;dn] ;ToljxLg o1sf] cg'i7fg gug{] / clUgl;t l/;fpg] c;TojfbLkfkL JolQmn] g/ssf] h:t} cj:yf l;h{gf ub{5g\ÚÚ

• ‘k'gh{Gd’ d[To[kl5sf] hLjg xf]

lxGb" dt cg';f/ Ps JolQmn] d[To' k|fKt u/]kl5 km]/L hGd lng]5 .o; rqmnfO{ …k'gh{GdÚ elgG5 . ;+:s[tdf …k'gÚ eGgfn] …km]/LÚ jf …csf{]Ú k6s/ …hGdÚ eGgfn] …hLjgÚ eGg] a'lemG5 . ctM k'gh{Gd eGgfn] af/Daf/ hGdlng] geO{ csf{] …PsÚ hLjg jf d[To'kl5sf] hLjg eGg] a'lemG5 . …k'gh{GdÚ s};Gbe{df eGg'kbf{ j]b afx]s cGo lxGb" u|Gyx¿ …uLtf / pklgifb\dfÚ d[To'kl5sf]


hLjgnfO{ dgg\ u/L k9\g' eof] eg] k'gh{Gd eg]sf] af/Daf/ hGd lng' geO{csf{] Ps hGd xf] eGg] wf/0ff JoQm ePsf] kfpg' x'g]5 . af/Daf/ hGd lnOg]wf/0ffsf] z'¿jft a}lbs sfnkl5 y/Ly/Lsf dflg;x¿sf] hGd -h:t} sf]xL:j:Yo, sf]xL ckfË, sf]xL ;DkGg, sf]xL ljkGg cflb_ tyf ;dfhsf ljleGgkl/l:yltx¿df JolQm tyf ;d"x ljz]ifdf /x]sf] pbfl;gtfnfO{ ts{ ;+ut¿kn] JofVof ul/g] qmddf ePsf] xf] . ha ls ;[li6stf{n] s;}k|lt klgcGofo ub{}gg\ . o;sf] ts{k"0f{ hjfkm O:nfd;Fu /x]sf] 5, h'g xfdL kl55nkmn ug{] 5f}+, OG;fcNnfx .

• lxGb" wd{df k'g{hGdsf] l;4fGt

lxGb"x¿df k'gh{Gdsf] l;4fGt cg';f/ dflg;x¿sf] hGdfj:yfsf] lje]bh:t} sf]xL :j:Yo, sf]xL ckfË jf cGwf] cflb eO hGdg' k"j{ hGdsf] sd{sf]kmn xf] eGg] dfGotf /x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L ;a} sd{x¿sf] kmn o; hLjgdf dfqgeO csf{] hLjgdf klg k|fKt ul/G5 . ;f] sf] j0f{g efujb uLtf, cWofo @,Znf]s @@ df o;/L ul/Psf] 5,

……h;/L dflg;n] k'/fgf sk8fx¿ Tofu]/ gofF sk8f wf/0f u5{ To;}u/L cfTdfn] klg k'/fgf / sfd gnfUg] z/L/nfO{ Tofu]/ gofF ef}lts z/L/wf/0f u5{Æ .

• sd{sd{ eGgfn] ;lqmotfsf ;fy sfo{ ug{' eGg] a'lemG5 / o:tf sfo{x¿

z/L/n] dfq geO dl:tisåf/f klg ePsf] x'g'kb{5 . jf:tjdf sd{ eg]sf]lqmof / k|ltlqmof cyjf sf/0f / kl/0ffdsf] lgod xf] . o;nfO{ cem :ki6;Fua'‰gsf] lgldQ oxfF Ps egfO lbOPsf] 5,

……h:tf] sd{ p:t} kmnÚÚ cyf{t h;n] h:tf] sd{ ub{5, p:t} kmnk|fKt ub{5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu Ps ls;fgn] ux'Fsf] lap 5/]/ rfdnsf]cfzf ug{' x'Fb}g . o;}u/L x/]s /fd|f ljrf/ tyf sd{af6 p:t} kmn k|fKtx'G5 . h;n] csf{] hLjgnfO{ klg k|efj kfb{5 / x/]s v/fa ljrf/ tyfb'isd{x¿n] o; hLjg clg csf{] hLjgdf gf]S;fgL / xfgL l;jfo s]xLk|fKt x'Fb}g .


• wd{– ;Tsd{wd{n] ;xL jf -;Tsd{_ wfld{s st{Jox¿sf] hfgsf/L af]w u/fpFb5 .

o;n] JolQm, kl/jf/, ju{ jf hflt / a|x\df08 cflbsf] af/] ;xL 1fg lbG5 ./fd|f] sd{ ug{ / ;f] cg';f/ s} kmn k|fKt ug{ wd{n] l;sfP cg'¿ks} hLjghLpg' kb{5 gq eg] o;sf] kl/0ffd g/fd|f] x'g]5 . wd{n] jt{dfg hLjgsf]cltl/Qm eljionfO{ klg k|efj kfb{5 .

• df]If – k'gh{Gdsf] qmdaf6 d'lQm k|fKt ug{'df]Ifsf] cy{ k'gh{Gdsf] qmd -l;nl;nf_ cyf{t …;d;f/Ú af6 d'lQm

k|fKt ug{' xf] . lxGb" dt cg';f/ x/]s JolQmsf] k'gh{Gdsf] qmd Ps lbg;dfKt x'G5 / p;n] km]/L hGd lng' kb{}g . of] ta x'G5 ha p;sf] hLjgk|ltsf] p2]Zo ;dfKt x'G5, Tof] xf] /fd|f] / g/fd|f] ;a} sd{af6 d'Qm x'g' .

j]bx¿df k'gh{Gdsf] l;4fGt cyf{t cfTdfsf] k'gh{Gd af/]sf] wf/0ffsxL j0f{g ul/Psf] 5}g .

• d[To'kl5sf] hLjgM– kf/nf}lss hLjgO:nfdsf] dt M d[To'kl5sf] hLjg af/] kljq s'/cfg, ;"/x as/x,

cWofo @, Znf]s @* df o;/L j0f{g ul/Psf] 5– ……ltdL cNnfxk|lt s;/LcljZjf;L aG5f}+ ha ls ltdL lghL{j lyof}+ clg pgn] ltdLnfO{ hLljt kf/] Ûkm]/L pgn] ltdLnfO{ d[To" lbg] 5g\\, km]/L pg}n] ltdLnfO{ hLljt ug{]5g\, km]/LpgL tkm{ g} ltdLx¿ kms{]/ hfg'5 .Æ

O:nfdsf] dt cg';f/ Ps JolQmsf] o; nf]sdf s]jn Ps hGd dfqx'G5, d[To'kZrft …km};nfsf] lbgÚ dfq k'ghL{ljt ul/g]5 . t/ ;f] lbg x/]sJolQmn] cfˆgf]] sd{ cg';f/sf] kmn kfpg]5g\ . c;n sd{ ug{]x¿ :ju{-hGgt_ hfg]5g\ / v/fa sd{ ug{]x¿ gs{ -hxGgd_ hfg]5g\ .

• km};nfsf] lbg -/fd|f g/fd|f_ x/]s sfo{x¿sf] k"0f{ ¿kn] abnfr'sfOg]5kljq s'/cfgsf] ;"/x cfn]–Od/fg, cWofo #, Znf]s !*% df elgPsf]

5– ……x/]s hLjn] d[To'sf] :jfb rfVg'5 / ltdLnfO{ ltd|f] e/k'/ abnf …km};nfÚsf] lbg r'sfOg]5 . ctM h;nfO{ cfuf] -hxGgd_ af6 x6fOof] / :ju{


-hGgt_ df k|j]z u/fOof] pm ;kmn eof] . ;f+;fl/s hLjg t s]jn Pswf]vfsf] ;fdfu|L xf]Æ

• :ju{ -hGgt_M…hGgtÚ cyf{t :ju{ Ps lr/:yfoL ;'v tyf cfgGbdoL :yfg xf],

c/aL efiffdf o;sf] zflAbs cy{ au}+rf x'G5 . kljq s'/cfgdf o; au}+rfaf/]la:t[t j0f{g ul/Psf] kfOG5 . h:t}– o:tf] au}+rf h;sf] d'lg gbLx¿ au]sfx'g]5g\ . tL gbLx¿ z'4 dx tyf b"wn] o'Qm x'g]5g\ / slxNo} kl/jt{g gx'g];a} lsl;dsf ld7f] :jfbsf kmnx¿ x'g]5g\ . ysfgsf] cg'ej ul/g] 5}g .ToxfF s'g} klg lsl;dsf kfk tyf b'isd{x¿ x'g]5}g, x'g]5 t zflGt s]jnzflGt .

• gs{ -hxGgd_ M–gs{ o:tf] 7fpF xf] hxfF dflg;x¿n] ljleGg lsl;dsf oftgf, kL8f

cflb ef]Ug' kg{]5, h;nfO{ …cfuf]Ú eg]/ s'/cfgdf j0f{g u/]sf] kfOG5 . gs{sf]…cfuf]Ú sf] OGwg dflg;x¿ / 9'Ëfx¿ b'a} x'g]5g\ .

efUo k|ltsf] wf/0ff

lxGb" wd{df b'O{ dflg;x¿sf] hGdsf] leGgtf h:t} Ps aRrf hGdb}k"0f{ :j:Yo tyf ;'Gb/ / csf{] aRrf hGdb} ckfË, To:t} Ps aRrfsf] hGd;DkGg kl/jf/df x'G5 / csf{]sf] ljkGg kl/jf/df x'G5 eg] o:tf] lje]bnfO{cl3Nnf] hGddf u/]sf] sd{sf] kmn xf] eGg] wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 . t/ o;nfO{;xL k|dfl0ft ug{] vfnsf s'g} klg j}1flgs cfwf/ jf ts{k"0f{ k|df0f eg]5}g . dflg;x¿sf] hGdsf oL lje]bx¿ af/] O:nfdsf] wf/0ff o:tf] /x]sf]5 .

O:nfddf efUo k|ltsf] wf/0ff g} sb| xf] . dfgjLo hLjgdf s]xLkIfx¿ -36gf_ o:tf x'G5g\ h'g ;[li6stf{ cNnfxaf6 klxn] g} lglZrtul/Psf x'G5g\, h:t}– slxn] / sxfF s'g dflg;sf] hGd x'G5 . s:tf] jftfj/0f/ kl/l:yltdf p;sf] -dflg;sf]_ hGd x'G5, cfo' slt x'g]5 clg d[To' sxfF,slxn], s'g cj:yfdf x'g]5 < s] s:tf sfo{ ug]{ 5< cflb OToflb .


• O:nfdsf] wf/0ffg';f/ of] hLjg Ps k/LIff xf] –

kljq u|Gy s'/cfgdf o:tf s]xL Znf]sx¿ /x]sf 5g\ h;df ;[li6stf{cNnfxn] laleGg t/Lsfaf6 xfd|f] k/LIff lng] s'/fsf] k'li6 ub{5 . h:t} ;"/xas/x\ Znf]s @!$ df elgPsf] 5, ……s] ltdLx¿ :ju{df k|j]z u/f}nf eGg]wf/0ff /fVb5f}, hals ltdLx¿ ;dIf tL ltdLx¿eGbf klxn] u'h|]sf JolQmx¿sf]cj:yf cfPsf] 5}g < ltgLx¿n] b'Mv / si6 ef]u] tyf ltgLx¿nfO{ eoletkf/L s+kfOof], cGttM ;Gb]zjfxs tyf pgsf cg'ofoL cf:yfjfgx¿n] eg]M……cNnfxsf] ;xof]u slxn] k|fKt x'G5 < ……;"g, cNnfxsf] ;xof]u lg:;Gb]xclt lgs6 5ÚÚ . -;"/x d'Ns, cWofo ^&, Znf]s @_

……pg}n] d[To' / hLjgsf] ;[li6 u/] h;n] ubf{ pgn] ltd|f] k/LIff lnpg\ lsltdL dWo] s;n] c;n sfo{ ug{]5 / pgL -O{Zj/_ k|e'TjzfnL / IfdfzLn 5g\ÚÚ .

;"/x cGsa't, cWofo @(, Znf]s @ df elgPsf] 5,

……s] dflg;x¿n] 7fg]sf 5g\ ls pgLx¿n] Odfg NofP eGb}dfltgLx¿nfO{ hfFRb} ghfFlrsg 5fl8lbOg]5 <ÚÚ

;"/x c+laof, cWofo @!, Znf]s #% df elgPsf] 5,

……x/]s k|f0fLn] d[To'sf] :jfb rfVg]5 tyf g/fd|f] / /fd|f] cj:yfsf] k/LIffåf/fxfdL ltdLx¿nfO{ hfFRg]5f}+ tyf xfdL tkm{ g} ltdLx¿nfO{ kmsf{P/ NofOg]5ÚÚ .

To:t} ;"/x as/x\, cWofo @, Znf]s !%% df elgPsf] 5,

……tyf lgZro g} ltdLx¿nfO{ xfdL s]xL 8/, ef]s tyf Hofg–dfn /kmnsf] sdLåf/f hfFRg]5f}+ . ctM ltdL w}o{wf/Lx¿nfO{ z'e–;Gb]z ;'gfpmÚÚ .

km]/L ;"/x cGkmfn, cWofo *, Znf]s @* df elgPsf] 5,

……/ hfgL /fv ls ltdLx¿sf wg, ;DklQ / ltdLx¿sf ;Gtfgx¿ s]jnk/LIff :j¿k x'g\ tyf cNnfxsf] h'gfkmdf Pp6f dxfg k|ltbfg /x]sf] 5ÚÚ

of] hLjg h'g o; ljZjdf xfdLn] latfO/x]sf 5f}+, kf/nf}lss hLjgcyf{t d[To'kl5sf] hLjgsf] lglDt Ps k/LIff xf] . olb ;j{zlQmdfg O{Zj/sf]cfb]zsf] cg';/0f u¥of}+ eg] o; k/LIffdf ;kmn x'g]5f}+ kmn:j¿k :ju{-hGgt_ k|fKt x'g]5 . Tof] xf] k/d ;'vb cfgGb / olb O{Zj/sf] cfb]zsf]cjx]ngf u¥of}+ eg] k/LIffdf c;kmn eO gs{ -hxGgd_ df xf]ldg' kg{]5 .


wd{–u|Gyx?df kbf{sf] ckl/xfo{tf

lxGb" wd{u|Gyx¿df gf/L / kbf{sf] ;DaGwdf elgPsf s'/fx¿ j]b,k'/f0f, dxfef/t, /fdfo0f cflb u|Gyx¿df j0f{g ul/Psf 5g\ . h;dWo] j]btyf k'/f0fsf s]xL c+zx¿sf] j0f{g ug{' ;fGble{s 7fGb5' .

……a|Dxn] ltdLnfO{ gf/L agfPsf 5g\, o;sf/0f cfˆgf]] b[li6nfO{ tn/fv, cfˆgf v'§fx¿nfO{ 5f]k]/ /fv / o:tf] n'uf nufp h;af6 ltd|f] z/L/nfO{s;}n] b]Vg g;sf];\ .ÚÚ -CUj]b *–##–!(_

slno'usf] nIf0fsf] af/]df k'/f0fdf elgPsf] 5,

……clGtd o'udf gf/Lx¿df ljs[lt pTkGg x'g]5 . kbf{ gu/Lsg} ;a}sfcufl8 b'a} xftn] cfˆgf]] skfnsf] >[Ëf/ ug{] 5g\ . s;}sf] kjf{x ug{] 5}gg\ .ÚÚ-a|Dx k'/f0f, cWofo–@, Znf]s–#(_

o:t} lxGb" wd{ zf:qdf Jolerf/sf] ljifodf elgPsf] 5,

……k/:qLl;t ;DalGwt s'/f ;'Gg', p;sf] af/]df s'/f ug{', p;sf] ;fydfv]Ng', p;nfO{ x]g{', uf]Ko ¿kn] s'/f ug{', p;sf] af/]df ;f]Rg', p;nfO{ k|fKtug{] sf]l;; ug{', p;sf] z/L/sf] :kz{ ug{' cflb oL cf7 k|sf/sf Jolerf/x¿x'g\ÚÚ .

pk/f]Qm s'/fx¿af6 s] k|i6 x'G5 eg] lxGb" wd{df klg kbf{ k|yfsf]Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o;sf s]xL c+z s'g}–s'g} 7fpFdf s]xL lxGb" kl/jf/sfdlxnfx¿n] ckgfpg] u/]sf] 3'D6f] k|yfsf] ¿kdf cfh klg b]Vg ;lsG5 .

O:nfd wd{df dlxnfx¿sf ;fy} k'?ifx¿n] ;d]t kbf{sf zt{x¿sf]O:nfd wd{df dlxnfx¿sf ;fy} k'?ifx¿n] ;d]t kbf{sf zt{x¿sf]O:nfd wd{df dlxnfx¿sf ;fy} k'?ifx¿n] ;d]t kbf{sf zt{x¿sf]O:nfd wd{df dlxnfx¿sf ;fy} k'?ifx¿n] ;d]t kbf{sf zt{x¿sf]O:nfd wd{df dlxnfx¿sf ;fy} k'?ifx¿n] ;d]t kbf{sf zt{x¿sf]kfngf ug{'kg{]M–kfngf ug{'kg{]M–kfngf ug{'kg{]M–kfngf ug{'kg{]M–kfngf ug{'kg{]M–

O:nfd wd{n] dlxnfx¿nfO{ dfq kbf{sf] cfb]z lbb}g a¿ gf/L /k'?ifsf leGgf–leGg} zf/Ll/s agfj6sf cfwf/df b'j}nfO{ kbf{sf] clgjfo{tfbzf{Psf] 5 . kbf{ eGg] lalQs} s]jn n'uf, 3'D6f] jf k5\of}/f dfq xf] egL;f]Rg' unt xf] . n'ufsf] ;fy} Ps JolQmsf] b[li6, g}lts cfr/0f, ;f]rfO cflbklg kbf{ cGtu{t g} kb{5g\ . o; ;Gb{edf s'/cfg eGb5– ……-x] ;Gb]i6f Û_cf:yfjfg k'?ifx¿nfO{ cfˆgf b[li6x¿nfO{ lgolGqt /fVg tyf cfˆgf


u'KtfËx¿sf] /Iff ug{ cfb]z b]pm . of] pgLx¿sf] nflu ljz'4 /Llt xf] .pgLx¿n] ug{] u/]sf sfo{x¿l;t cNnfx kl/lrt 5g\ÚÚ . -s'/cfg @$M#)_

To:t} dlxnfx¿n] kbf{ ug{'kg{] ;DaGwdf s'/cfgdf elgPsf] 5 – ……/cf:yfjfg :qLx¿nfO{ eg ls pgLx¿n] cfˆgf b[li6x¿nfO{ lgolGqt /fv'g,cfˆgf u'KtfËx¿sf] /Iff u¿g\ / cfˆgf >[Ëf/ k|bz{g gu¿g To;afx]s hf]:jo+ hfx]/ x'G5 . /, cfˆgf jIf:ynnfO{ cfˆgf k5\of}/fn] 9fs]/ /fv'g\ clgcfˆgf >[+uf/ hfx]/ gu¿g\ l;jfo cfˆgf klt, lktf, ;;'/f, k'qx¿, kltsfk'qx¿, -gft]bf/_ dlxnfx¿, bf;–bf;Lx¿, dftxtdf /x]sf sfd]R5f/lxt k'¿ifx¿/ tL afnsx¿sf ;fd' hf] dlxnfx¿sf u'KtfËaf/] cgle1 x'G5g\ / cfˆgf v'§fahfpFb} glx8'g\ ls pgLx¿n] nufPsf >[Ëf/af/] yfxf xf];\ ====.ÚÚ -s'/cfg @$M#!_

kbf{sf ^ clgjfo{ zt{x?–

s'/cfg / xlb; cg';f/ kbf{sf ^ j6f clgjfo{ zt{x¿ 5g\ . tL x'g–

!_ klxnf] clgjfo{ s'/f z/L/ xf] h;nfO{ 9fSg cfjZos 5 . k'?if /dlxnfsfnflu of] km/s /x]sf] 5 . k'?ifsf nflu gfO6f]b]lv 3'F8f;Ddclgjfo{ ¿kn] 9fSg' kg{] / dlxnfsfnflu xTs]nf / cg'xf/ afx]s k"/}z/L/ 9fSg clgjfo{ 5 . olb s;}n] v'Nnf efu -xTs]nf / cg'xf/_ klg9fSg rfxG5 eg] 9fSg ;lsG5 . afFsL zt{x¿ k'?if / dlxnfsfnflu;dfg /x]sf 5g\ .

@_ nufOg] n'uf v's'nf] x'g' kb{5 . h;n] ubf{ z/L/sf c+usf cfsf/gb]lvpg\ .

#_ n'uf kf/bzL{ cyjf kftnf] x'g'xF'b}g h;n] ubf{ leqL n'uf jf c+ub]lvof];\ .

$_ n'uf e8\lsnf eO{ ljkl/t lnËnfO{ cfslif{t kfg{] x'g' x'Fb}g .

%_ n'uf ljkl/t lnËn] k|of]u ug{] vfnsf] x'g' x'Fb}g .

^_ n'uf u}/ O:nfd wd{sf] k|tLs x'g' x'Fb}g .

kbf{n] JolQmsf] klx/gsf] ;fy} p;sf] g}lts cfr/0faf/] klg :d/0fu/fpFb5 .


dfly j0f{g ul/Psf ̂ j6f zt{x¿ klx/gsfnflu x'g\ . ca cfr/0fsfzt{x¿af/] klg 5f]6s/Ldf j0f{g ug{ plrt 7fGb5' lsgeg] k"0f{ kbf{dfklx/gsf ;fy} cfr/0f klg ;dfj]z x'G5 . oL b'O{ Ps csf{sf kl/k"/s x'g\ .c;n klx/gn] JolQmnfO{ ;dfhdf OHht k|bfg ub{5 eg] ;f] OHht, dfg–;Ddfg sfod /fVg cfr/0f tyf Jojxf/n] d2t ub{5 . Ps JolQmn] cfˆgfb[li6 clg ;f]rnfO{ lgolGqt /fVg tyf af]nL–arg / Jojxf/df zflngtfckgfpg' kb{5 .

O:nfddf of}g OR5f hfu[t u/fpg] vfnsf n'uf nufpg gf/L / k'?ifb'j}nfO{ dgfxL ul/Psf] 5 . O:nfdn] t k'?ifnfO{ gf/L h:tf] / gf/LnfO{ k'?ifh:tf] n'uf nufpgdf klg /f]s nufPsf] 5 . lsgeg] o;af6 klg dflg;x¿dfe|d tyf ;dlnËsfdL efjgf pTkGg x'G5 . ;Gb]z jfxs d'xDdb -;=_ åf/felgPsf] 5 –

……tL dlxnfx¿ xfdLdWo] xf]Ogg\ h;n] cfkm"nfO{ k'?if h:tf] b]vfpgvf]Hb5g\ / g t tL k'?ifx¿ g} xfdLdWo] x'g\ h;n] cfkm"nfO{ dlxnf h:tf]b]vfpg vf]Hb5g\ .ÚÚ -xbL;sf] ;+u|x–ca'bfpb_

To;f] t lxGb" wd{df klg k'?ifnfO{ gf/L h:tf] n'uf nufpg / gf/LnfO{z/L/ b]lvg] vfnsf] n'uf nufpg alh{t 5 . CUj]bdf elgPsf] 5,

……olb kltn] kTgL h:tf] n'uf nufpF5 eg] p;k|lt hfb'h:tf] zlQm/fVg] -O{Zj/_ sf] k|sf]k x'g]5 .ÚÚ -CUj]b !)–*%–@#_


wd{ u|Gyx?df dlb/f Pj+ h'jfsf] pNn]v

O:nfd wd{df dlb/f Pj+ h'jf lgif]lwtMO:nfd wd{n] hfF8, /S;L / h'jfnfO{ jlh{t u/]sf] 5 . s'/cfgdf

cNnfxåf/f ;Gb]z jfxs d'xDdb -;=_ nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ elgPsf] 5,

……-x] d'xDdb Û_ dflg;x¿ ltdL;Fu dlb/f / h'jfsf af/]df ;f]Wb5g\ltdLn] elgb]pm– oL b'j}df 7"nf] kfk 5 tyf dflg;x¿sf lglDt logLx¿dfs]xL kmfObfx¿ klg 5g\ k/Gt' oL b'j}df /x]sf] xfgL logLx¿sf] kmfO{bfeGbfw]/} a9L 5 .ÚÚ -s'/cfg – @M@!(_

o;} k|sf/ s'/cfgsf] ;'/x %, Znf]s ()–(! df elgPsf] 5 ls dfbskbfy{, h'jf, lr¶f OToflb z}tfgsf 3[l0ft sfo{x¿ x'g\ . dfbs kbfy{ / h'jfn]dflg;x¿aLr zq'tf / 3[0ff efj pTkGg u/fpF5g\ . o;sf/0f oL ;a}sfo{x¿af6 aRg' kb{5 . ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdb -;=_ åf/f elgPsf] 5 – ……k|To]sgzfn' j:t' cj}w ul/Psf] 5 .ÚÚ -xlb; ;+u|x–d':nLd_

lxGb" wd{df klg dlb/f Pj+ h'jf lgif]lwt 5g\ M–dlb/fsf] ;DaGwdf CUj]bdf elgPsf] 5 ……dlb/f ;]jg u/]kl5 To;sf] gzfn] dlb/f

;]jg u/]sf JolQmsf] d'6'leq cf̂ gf]] 7fpF agfpgsf] nflu o'4 ub{5ÚÚ . -CUj]b *–@–!@_

cyf{t\ dlb/f ;]jg kl5 dlb/fsf] g;fn] dflg;sf] d'6'nfO{ g/fd|f] sfd ug{k]|l/t ub{5 . CUj]bsf] csf{] 7fFpdf elgPsf] 5 – ……x] O{Zj/ Û kl/>d gug{] JolQmx¿dlb/f ;]jg u/L d:t x'G5g\ / ltdLnfO{ b'Mv lbg] sfo{sf] kl5 nfUb5g\ -cyf{t\ g/fd|fsfd ub{5g\_ ctM ltdL To:tf JolQmx¿sf] d2t ub{}gf} .ÚÚ -CUj]b *–@!–!$_

o:t} h'jfsf] af/]df CUj]bdf elgPsf] 5 – ……h'jf v]Ng] JolQmsf]Zjf;n] To;nfO{ ;/fK5 / p;sf] kTgLn] klg p;nfO{ 5f]8]/ hfG5] . h'jf8]nfO{s;}n] Pp6f km'6]sf] sf}l8 klg pwf/f] lbg rfFxb}g .ÚÚ -CUj]b !)–#$–#_

o;kl5 nuftf/ t];|f] dGqb]lv !# cf}+ dGq;Dd h'jfsf] xfgL / o;af6;dfhdf kg{] g/fd|f] c;/sf] af/]df j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 / !# cf}+ dGqsf] cGtdfo;/L elgPsf] 5– ……x] h'jf8] Û h'jf v]Ng 5f8L s[lif k]zf cFufn o;df h'ggfkmf 5 To;}df ;Gt'i6 /xg] u/ÚÚ . -CUj]b !)–!)–!#_


s]xL ;fdfGo lh1f;f tyf ltgsf ;dfwfg

!= s] O{Zj/ lgikIf tyf Gofok"0f{ 5g\ <

olb O{Zj/ lgikIf / GofoL 5g\ eg] lsg t sf]xL dflg;x¿sf] hGd;fdfGo ¿kdf x'G5 eg] sf]xLsf] c;fdfGo -v/faL_ ¿kdf, sf]xL ;DkGgkl/jf/df t sf]xL ljkGg kl/jf/df hGdG5g\ <

;dfwfgM;dfwfgM;dfwfgM;dfwfgM;dfwfgM d[To'kl5sf] hLjgdf x/]s JolQmn] cfˆgf]] sd{ cg';f/sf]kmn k|fKt ug{]5g\ . ctM To; hLjgsf] lglDt jt{dfg hLjg s]jn Psk/LIff xf] . o; sygsf] k'li6 s'/cfgsf] ;"/x d'Ns, cWofo ^&, Znf]s @ n]ub{5 –

……pgn] d[To' / hLjgsf] ;[li6 u/] h;n] ubf{ pgn] ltd|f] k/LIfflnpg\ ls ltdLdWo] s;n] c;n sfo{ ug{]5 / …pgLÚ k|e'TjzfnL / IfdfzLn5g\ÚÚ .

cNnfxn] ljleGg t/Lsfaf6 dflg;x¿sf] k/LIff lng] ub{5g\ .pbfx/0fsf] ¿kdf lncf}+, x/]s jif{sf] k/LIffsf] k|Zg kq Ps}gf; geO{

kl/jt{g x'g] ub{5 . To;}u/L cNnfxn] klg ljleGg kl/l:yltx¿sf] l;h{gfu/L cfˆgf eQmx¿sf] k/LIff lng] ub{5g\ . s;}n] :jf:Yo / ;'Gb/ z/L/kfpF5g\ t sf]xL ckfË eO hGdG5g\ . sf]xLn] k|z:t wg, ;DklQ k|fKtub{5g\ t sf]xL u/LaL d} hLjg latfpg afWo x'G5g\ .

O{Zj/Lo lg0f{o -km};nf_ k/LIffsf] lsl;d / sl7gfOdf cfwfl/t /xg] 5 .cNnfxsf] km};nf x/]s JolQmn]] k|fKt u/]sf ;'ljwf tyf u'0fx¿df

lge{/ x'g] ub{5 . k/LIff sl7g ePsf] v08df km};nfsf] lbg cNnfx To;JolQmk|lt pbf/ clg sf]dn x'g]5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu O:nfddf …hsftÚ-bfg_ clgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5 . t/ Ps lgw{g -ul/a_ JolQmn] hsft lbg'kg{]cfjZostf 5}g . hsftsf] ljifodf ;f] JolQmn] k"0f{ cÍ-k'0o_ k|fKt ub{5eg] wgL tyf ;DkGg JolQmx¿df of] nfu" x'Fb}g . p;n] clgjfo{ ¿kn] hsftlbg'kg{] x'G5 . sltko ;DkGg JolQmx¿n] hlt hsft lbg'kg{] xf] ;f] eGbfsd lbg] ub{5 h;af6 hsftsf] ljifodf sd cÍ -k'0o_ k|fKt ub{5 . To:t}


…xhÚ -tLy{_ hLjgdf Ps k6s clgjfo{ ¿kn] ;Ifd -cfly{s / zf/Ll/s¿kn]_ d';ndfgx¿dfly kmh{ -clgjfo{_ ul/Psf] 5 . ctM cfly{s / zf/Ll/s¿kn] ;Ifd d';ndfgn] cfˆgf]] hLjgsfndf xh gu/]sf] v08df o; ljifodfk"0f{ cÍ k|fKt x'Fb}g . t/ c;Ifd d';ndfgnfO{ xh ug{'kg{] clgjfo{ 5}g .ctM xhsf] ljifodf ;f] JolQmn] -xh gu/] klg_ k"0f{ cÍ k|fKt ub{5 .

s]xL dflg;x¿ hGdb} ljleGg sdL, sdhf]/Lsf ;fy hGd]sf x'G5g\h:t}, cGwf], alx/f], ckfË cflb . tL hGdg] gjhft lzz'x¿ o:tf sdL–sdhf]/Lx¿ k|lt lhDd]bf/ x'Fb}gg\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf x'g ;S5 cNnfxn] ltgsfcleefjsx¿sf] k/LIff lnO/x]sf x'g\ .

cNnfxn] s'/cfgsf] ;"/x cGkmfn, cWofo *, Znf]s @* df eg]sf5g\,

……/ hfgL /fv ls ltd|f ;Dkltx¿ / ltd|f ;Gtfgx¿ k/LIff :j¿k x'g\/ of] ls cNnfx;Fu 7"nf] k|ltbfg /x]sf] 5 .ÚÚ

@= s] /fd tyf s[i0f O{Zj/sf ;Gb]i6f x'g\ <

;dfwfgM ;dfwfgM ;dfwfgM ;dfwfgM ;dfwfgM x/]s /fi6«df ;Gb]i6fx¿ k7fOP . kljq u|Gy s'/cfgdfelgPsf] 5M

……/ s'g} ;d"x o:tf] 5}g, hxfF ;r]t ug{] sf]xL gcfPsf] xf];\Æ . -#%M@$_

……/ x/]s hfltsf] nflu Ps dfu{bz{s cfPÚÚ . -!#M&_

s'/cfgdf s]xL ;Gb]i6fx¿sf] dfq j0f{g ul/Psf] 5, ;f] s'/fsf] k'li6s'/cfgsf] o; Znf]sn] ub{5 .

……s]xL …;Gb]i6fÚ 5g\ h;sf] j[QfGt xfdLn] klxn] ltdL ;dIf aofgu/L ;Sof}+ / s]xL …;Gb]i6fÚ 5g\ h;sf] j[QfGt xfdLn] ltdL ;dIf aofgu/]gf}+ÚÚ . -$M!^$_

o:tf] s'/cfgsf] csf{] Znf]sdf elgPsf] 5, ……/ d}n] ltdLeGbfklxn] klg …;Gb]i6fÚ k7fO ;s]+, h;dWo] s]xL o:tf 5g\ h;sf] j[QfGtxfdLn] ltdLnfO{ ;'gfof}+ / s]xL o:tf 5g\ h;sf] j[QfGt xfdLn] ;'gfPsf5}gf}+ .Æ -$)M&*_


s'/cfgdf O{Zjzx/sf @% ;Gb]i6fx¿sf] gfd ;lxt j0f{g ul/Psf] 5,h;dWo] s]xL cfbd -c=_ g'x -c=_, Oa|fxLd -c=_, d';f -c=_, O{;f -c=_ tyfd'xDdb -;=_ cflb x'g\ .

clGtd ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -;=_ sf cg';f/ nueu !,@$,))) ;Gb]i6fx¿o; wtL{df k7fOP .

d'xDdb -;=_ eGbf k"j{ cfudg ePsf ;a} ;Gb]i6fx¿ s]jn s]xL;d'bfosf lgldQ / Ps lglZrt ;dosf nflu dfq k7fOPsf lyP . ;'/xcfn]M Od/fg, cWofo #, Znf]s $( cg';f/ – ……/ …Oh/fOnÚ sf ;Gtfg tkm{…;Gb]i6fÚ agfP/ k7fOg]5ÚÚ .

d'xDdb -;=_ O{Zj/sf tkm{af6 clGtd tyf lg0ff{os ;Gb]i6f x'g\ .

;"/x cxhfa, cWofo ##, Znf]s $) df elgPsf] 5, æd'xDdb ltd|fk'¿ifx¿dWo] s;}sf klg lktf xf]Ogg\ k/Gt' pgL cNnfxsf /;"n tyf;Gb]i6fx¿sf ;dfks x'g\ / cNnfx x/]s rLhsf 1ftf x'g\ÚÚ . -##M$)_

;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -;=_ clGtd tyf lg0ff{os ;Gb]i6f x'g, pgL s]jnd';ndfgx¿ cyjf c/aaf;Lx¿sf lglDt dfq geO ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhflt s}lglDt k7fOPsf x'g\ .

;"/x clDaof, cWofo @!, Znf]s !)& df cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g\, ……/ -x]d'xDdb_ xfdLn] ltdLnfO{ ;f/f ;+;f/ s} lglDt bof agfP k7fPsf 5f}+ .Æ

To:t} ;"/x ;af, cWofo #$, Znf]s @* df elgPsf] 5, ……/ xfdLn] tltdLnfO{ ;d:t dfgj hfltsf nflu z'e ;"rs / ;r]ts agfP/ k7fPsf5f}+, t/ clwsf+z JolQmx¿nfO{ o;sf] 1fg 5}gÚÚ .

;xLx a'vf/L, efu !, ;nfx, cWofo %^, xlb; g+= $@( -cg'jfbshfla/ lag cAb'Nnfx_M cNnfxsf ;Gb]i6fn] eGg' ePsf lyP –

……x/]s ;Gb]i6fx¿ s]jn cfkm\g} /fi6«sf lglDt k7fOP t/ d -d'xDdb_;Dk"0f{ dfgjhflt s} lglDt k7fOPsf] x'FÚÚ .

s] /fd / s[i0fnfO{ O{Zj/sf ;Gb]i6f dfGg ;lsG5 eGg] k|Zgsf] ;DaGwdfs'/cfg tyf ;xLx\ xlb;df o:tf] s'g} Znf]s jf n]v 5}g h;df g]kfn /ef/tdf elg k7fOPsf] ;Gb]i6fsf] gfd j0f{g ul/Psf] xf];\ . /fd / s[i0f gfd


;lxtsf] j0f{g gePsf] x'Fbf s;}n] klg ls6fgsf ;fy pgLx¿ O{Zj/sf;Gb]i6fx¿ g} x'g\ jf xf]Ogg\ egL eGg ;Sb}g .

/fd tyf s[i0f, olb O{Zj/sf ;Gb]i6fx¿ ePs} eP klg Ps lglZrt;dofjlwsf nflu ;Lldt /x] . cfh ljZjsf x/]s dfgjhfltn] s]jn clGtdtyf lg0ff{os ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -;=_ s} cg';/0f ug{'kb{5 . s'/cfg tyf ;xLx\xbL;sf] lgb{]zg cg'?k g} hLjg Joltt ug{'kb{5 .

#= s] j]bx¿ klg O{Zj/s} -cNnfxs}_ k|sfzgf x'g\, g]kfntyf ef/tsf lglDt s'g k|sfzgf k7fOof] <

olb d'xDdb ;= O{Zj/ -cNnfx_sf clGtd ;Gb]i6f tyf s'/cfg pgLdflycjtl/t clGtd u|Gy x'g\ eg] o; cl3 k7fOPsf ;Gb]i6f tyf O{Zj/sfk|sfzgf af/] s'/cfg s] eGb5 <

;dfwfgM;dfwfgM;dfwfgM;dfwfgM;dfwfgM s'/cfgn] x/]s o'u, hftL tyf ;d"xdf ;r]t ug{] sf]xL k7fOPsf]tyf pgLx¿dfly O{Zj/Lo k|sfzgf cjtl/t ePsf] s'/fsf] k'li6 ub{5 .

kljq u|Gy s'/cfgsf] ;"/x cn–/c\b, cWofo !#, Znf]s #* dfelgPsf] 5, ……k|To]s o'usf] nflu Pp6f lstfa -cjtl/t ul/of]_ÚÚ .

gfd ;lxt rf/ cjtl/t u|Gyx¿ s'/cfgdf j0f{g ul/Psf 5g\, tL x'g\M

tf}/ft – xh/t d";f -c=_ dfly cjtl/t u|Gy

ha"/ – xh/t bfpb -c=_ dfly cjtl/t u|Gy

OGhLn-afOan_– xh/t O{;f -c=_ dfly cjtl/t u|Gy

s'/cfg – clGtd ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -;=_ dfly cjtl/t clGtd /k"0f{ u|Gy

s'/cfgeGbf cufl8sf k|sfzgfx¿ Ps lglZrt ;do, lglZrt ;d"xsfnflu dfq cjtl/t ePsf u|Gyx¿ x'g\ . t/ clGtd k|sfzgf …s'/cfgÚ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhflt s} lglDt cjtl/t u|Gy xf] . cyf{t of] u|Gy s]jn d';ndfgjf c/a b]zsf afl;Gbfx¿sf lglDt dfq geO{ ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhflt s} lglDtcjtl/t u|Gy xf] . ;f] s'/fsf] k'li6 kljq s'/cfgsf oL ljleGg cWofo tyfZnf]sx¿n] ub{5 .


s_ ;"/x Oa|fxLd, cWofo !$, Znf]s !

……clnkm, nfd, /f= . -x] d'xDdb_ of] Ps lstfa xf] h;nfO{ xfdLn]ltdLdfly cjtl/t u/]sf 5f}+ tfls ltdL dflg;x¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf …kfngxf/Úsf] cg'dltåf/f cFWof/f]af6 lgsfn]/ pHofnf] tkm{ lnP/ cfpm======.ÚÚ

v_ p:t} egfO ;f]lx cWofosf] Znf]s %@ df /x]sf] 5 –

……of] dfgjsf lglDt kof{Kt ;Gb]z xf] tfls ltgLx¿ o;af6 ;fjwfgul/pg\ / ltgLx¿n] hfgsf/L kfpg\ ls pgL -cNnfx_ s]jn Ps O{Zj/ x'g\,tfls a'l4dfgx¿ ;fjwfg xf]pmg\ .ÚÚ

u_ ;"/x as/x\, cWofo @ Znf]s !*% –

…… …/dhfgÚ sf] dlxgf Tof] dlxgf xf] h;df s'/cfg dfgjx¿sf lglDtdfu{bz{g / ;To–c;To aLrsf] cGt/sf] :ki6 k|df0fx¿sf ;fy cjtl/tul/of] .ÚÚ

3_ ;"/x h'd/, cWofo #(, Znf]s $! –

…… -x] gaL Û _ xfdLn] ltdLdfly of] …lstfaÚ dfgjx¿sfnflu xssf];fy cjtl/t u/]sf xf}+ .ÚÚ

s'/cfg tyf ;xLx\ xbL;df To:tf] s'g} cWofo 5}g h;df g]kfn jfef/tsf lglDt egL ptfl/Psf k|sfzgfaf/] j0f{g ul/Psf] xf];\ . o:t} k|sf/n]s'/cfg / ;xLx\ xbL;df j]b tyf cGo lxGb" u|Gyx¿sf] j0f{g gul/Psf] x'FbfoL u|Gyx¿ O{Zj/Lo k|sfzgf g} x'g\ jf xf]Ogg\ eGg] s'/f osLgsf ;fy eGg;ls+b}g .

olb j]b tyf cGo u|Gyx¿ O{Zj/Lo k|sfzgf g} lyP eg] klg tLu|Gyx¿ Ps lglZrt ;do tyf ;d"xsf nflu ;Lldt /x] . cfh g]kfn,ef/t nufot k'/} ljZjsf dfgjhfltn] clGtd tyf lg0ff{os O{Zj/sf k|sfzgf…s'/cfgÚ s} cg';/0f ug{' g} nfebfos x'g]5 . w]/}h;f] k"j{ k|sfzgfx¿cgGtsfn;Ddsf nflu cg';/0f ul/g] p2]Zo /x]sf] lyPg h;n] ubf{ tLk|sfzgfx¿ O{zjf0fL g} eP tfklg To;sf] /Iff s;}af6 klg x'g ;s]g, g t:jo+ O{Zj/n] g} To;sf] /Iff u/] . o:tf] Pp6f klg wfld{s u|Gyx¿ afFsL5}gg\ h'g O{zjf0fL g} eP tfklg To;sf] df}lns /rgfdf s'g} klg kl/jt{g,ldnfj6 tyf yk36 ePsf] 5}g egL bfaL ug{ ;lsof];\ . t/ kljq u|Gy s'/cfg


cgGtsfn;Dds} lglDt cjtl/t u|Gy xf], cNnfx -O{Zj/_ :jo+af6 g} o; u|Gy…s'/cfgÚ sf] df}lnstfsf] /Iff x'g]5 . kljq s'/cfgsf] ;"/x lxh|, Znf]s ( dfkm{tcNnfx :jo+ n] ;f] s'/fsf] k'li6 o;/L u/]sf 5g\ – ……lg:;Gb]x of] …s'/cfgÚ xfdLn]cjtl/t u/]sf xf}+ / lg:;Gb]x xfdL g} o;sf /Ifs xf}+ .ÚÚ -!%M(_

$= s] dg Psfu|tfsf] lgldQ dfq d"lt{sf] k|of]u h?/L 5 <

j]b zf:qLx¿ lxGb" wd{df klg d"lt{ k"hfnfO{ lgif]lwt ul/Psf] s'/fdf;xdt 5g\ . To;f] eP d"lt{ k"hfsf] k|of]u lsg ul/G5 jf u/fOG5 <

;dfwfgM ;dfwfgM ;dfwfgM ;dfwfgM ;dfwfgM lxGb" ljåfgx¿ tyf kl08t j]bx¿ tyf cGo lxGb"wd{u|Gyx¿df d"lt{ k"hfnfO{ lgif]w ul/Psf] s'/fdf ;xdt 5g\ . t/ klgcf/Dedf dg -a'l4_ kl/kSj eO;s]sf] x'Fb}g To;}n] pkf;gf ubf{ s'g} klglsl;dsf d"lt{x¿sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . ha dg tyf dl:tis kl/kSj eOr]tgfdf clej[l4 x'G5 ta d"lt{sf] cfjZostf x'Fb}g .

t/ olb pkf;gfsf] cf/Desf] cj:yfdf dfq d"lt{sf] cfjZostf kg{] / hadg tyf dl:tis kl/kSj eO r]tgfsf] pRrtd ljGb'df k'U5 ta o;sf] cfjZostfgkg{] xf] eg] o; ljifodf of] eGg ;lsG5 ls d';ndfgx¿ pkf;gf tyf r]tgfsf]pRrtd ljGb'df k'Ug ;kmn eO;s]sf 5g\ lsgeg] cNnfxsf] pkf;gf -gdfhk9\bf_ ubf{ s'g} klg lsl;dsf d"lt{ tyf k|ltdfx¿sf] cfjZostf x'Fb}g .

Ps :jfdL;Fu o; ljifodf 5nkmn ug{] qmddf pgn] eg]] ls haxfd|f] afnsn] …afbn lsg uh{G5Ú egL ;f]45 ta xfdL …:ju{df xh'/cfdfux'F lk:b} x'g'x'G5Ú eGg] hjfkm lbG5f}+ lsgeg] afnsx¿sf dg tyf dl:tiso:tf s'/fx¿ a'‰gsf lglDt kl/kSj eO;s]sf x'Fb}g . o;}u/L k|f/lDescj:yfdf pkf;gfsf lglDt d"lt{sf] cfjZostf kb{5 .

O:nfddf e'm7 af]Ng ;Vt dgfxL ul/Psf] 5 . rfx] Tof] em'7 Ifl0fssf]nflu g} lsg gxf];\ . olb d]/f] ;Gtfgn] d;Fu s'g} k|Zg u/]sf] v08df dp;nfO{ sbflk em'7f] hjfkm lbg]5}g lsgeg] eljiodf ha p;n] ljBfnoaf6…jfo'df b'|tultn] tfk k|;fl/t x'Fbf, ljh'nL rDsg uO{ pQm uh{gsf] cfjfhpTkGg ub{5Ú eGg] lzIff u|x0f ub{5, ta pm cGof]nd} of] ;f]Rg afWo x'G5 lss;sf] s'/f ;xL clg s;sf] unt xf] . o:tf] kl/l:yltn] afnssf] slnnf]


dg tyf dl:tisnfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ kfb{5 . kl5 ha To; afnsn];Totf yfxf kfpg]5 ta p;sf] dgn] cfkm\g} cleefjsnfO{ g} bf]ifL dfGg]5 .olb s'g} afnsnfO{ a'‰g ufx|f] x'g] hjfkm lbg'k/]sf] v08df sfNklgs hjfkmlbP/ p;sf] d'v aGb ug{'eGbf ;/n efiffdf ;Dej eP pbfx/0f k|:t't u/La'emfpg] k|oTg ug{' kb{5 . olb tkfO{+nfO{ hjfkm yfxf 5}g eg] …dnfO{ yfxf5}gÚ egL ;To k|s6 ug{' g} plrt x'G5 . t/ klg o:tf] kl/l:yltsf] l;h{gfx'g'eGbf klxn] g} tkfO{+ :jo+ ;To 1fg xfl;n ug{'xf];\ / cfˆgf ;GtfgnfO{klg s]jn ;To hfgsf/L dfq k|bfg ug{' g} Psdfq ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg xf] .O:nfdn] ;b}j, ;To–tYo 1fg xfl;n ug{ clg wd{ / sd{ ;DalGw cfjZoslzIff tyf tflnd k|fKt ug{df ljz]if hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .

s]xL kl08tx¿n] d"lt{ k"hfaf/] dnfO{ cfZj:t kfg{] qmddf eg] lstNnf] sIffsf ljBfyL{nfO{ cf/Dedf pkf;gfsf] lglDt d"lt{ k"hfsf] lzIfflbOG5 t/ Tof] ljBfyL{ ha dflyNnf] txdf k|j]z ub{5 ta pkf;gfdf dgPsfu|tfsf] lglDt d"lt{sf] cfjZostf x'Fb}g .

Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] xf] eg] s'g} klg ljifosf] cfwf/ dha't /x]df dfqTo;n] eljiodf ;kmntf k|fKt ub{5 . h:t}M sIff ! sf ljBfyL{nfO{ @±@Ö $ x'G5egL cWoog u/fOG5 / ha p;n] :gfts tx pQL0f{ ub{5, ul0ft ljifodf@±@Ö $ x'G5 eGg] lzIff oyfjt /xG5, Tof] kl/jt{g eO % jf ^ x'Fb}g .

To;}u/L ul0ftsf cltl/Qm cGo ljifox¿ h:t} tYofÍ zf:q cflbsf]cWoog ubf{ klg cfwf/ pxL g} /xG5 . olb cf/De d} lzIfs lzlIfsfn] untlzIff lbG5g\ eg] To:tf ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;kmntfsf] s;/L ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 <

;a} j]bx¿sf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGt of] /x]sf] 5 ls O{Zj/ Ps 5g\ / pgsfs'g} :j¿k 5}g . o; tYosf] 1fg x'Fbf klg s;/L j]bzf:qLx¿n] o; ;TonfO{JoQm gu/L dflg;x¿ dfem unt lzIffsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ clg cEof; u/] u/fP .

s] tkfO{+ sIff Psdf cWoog/t cfˆgf]] ;GtfgnfO{ @±@Ö $ x'G5gegL % jf ^ x'G5 eGg] lzIff lbg'x'G5 / p;n] :s"nsf] lzIff k"0f{ u/]kl5dfq ;f] af/] k'li6 ug{'x'G5 < olb p;n] ulNt ub{5 eg] tkfO{+n] cjZo klgTo;nfO{ tTsfn} ;RofOlbg' x'g]5 g ls eljiodf cfkm}+ hfGg]5 egL k|ltIffug{'x'g]5 . -8f= hfls/ gfOs_


%= d'l:ndx¿n] sfafsf] pkf;gf lsg u5{g <

s]xL u}/–d'l:ndx¿sf] lh1f;f /x]sf] 5 ls d'l:ndx¿ lsg sfaf lt/kms{]/ k|fy{gf ug{] clg 9f]Sg] ub{5g\, hals pgLx¿ d"lt{ k"hfsf] lj¿4 5g\ <

;dfwfgM ;dfwfgM ;dfwfgM ;dfwfgM ;dfwfgM sfaf s]jn Ps lbzf lgb{]zs -lsAnf_ xf] . d';ndfgx¿n]gdfhdf sfaflt/ kms{]/ k|fy{gf ug{] clg 9f]Sg] s'/f ;xL xf] . t/ jf:tljstf of]xf] ls gdfhdf -k|fy{gfdf_ sfafsf] k|fy{gf ul/b}g lsgsL sfaf s]jn Ps lbzflgb{]zs xf] h; tkm{ kms{]/ gdfh kl9G5 / -;Hbf_ 9f]luG5 . of] k|fy{gf / 9f]us]jn Ps cNnfxsf] lgldQ dfq xf] . O:nfdn] ;b}j Pstfdfly ljZjf;/fVb5 . h:t} olb s]xL d';ndfgx¿ gdfh k9\g rfxG5g\ t/ s'g lbzf tkm{kms{]/ gdfh k9\g] xf] eGg] s'/fn] cGof}n l;h{gf ub{5 . s;}n] eGg ;S5 pQ/tkm{ kms{]/ gdfh k9f}+, s;}n] blIf0f tkm{, To:t} s;}n] k"j{, t s;}n] klZrd .

o;/L d';ndfgx¿df cGof}nsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf gxf];\ / ;b}j Pstfsfod /xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ljZjsf ;f/f d';ndfgx¿nfO{ sfaf tkm{ kms{]/gdfh k9\g elgPsf] xf] . olb pgLx¿ klZrddf 5g\ eg] k"j{tkm{ kms{]/gdfh k9\5g\, olb k"j{df 5g\ eg] klZrd tkm{, cflb .

sfaf – k[YjLsf] s]Gb| ljGb'ljZjsf] dfglrq tof/ ug{] klxnf] JolQm d';ndfg lyP . tL JolQmn]

dflykl§ blIf0f w|'j / d'lgkl§ pQ/L w|'j kf/L gSzf sf]bf{ sfaf k[YjLsf] dWoefudf /x]sf] kfOof] . kl5 s]xL klZrd]nLx¿n] dflykl§ pQ/L w|'j / d'lgkl§blIf0fL w'|j kf/L gSzf tof/ ubf{ klg cNxDb' lnNnfx sfaf k[YjLsf] s]Gb|laGb"df g} /x]sf] kfOof] . o;/L sfjf k[YjLsf] s]Gb| ljGb' ePsf] k|dfl0ft eof] .

Ps O{Zj/sf] ;+s]t k|bfg ug{sf] lgldQ sfafsf] kl/qmdf ul/G5 –ha d';ndfgx¿ dSsfsf] dl:hb–P–x/fddf hfG5g\ ta sfafsf]

kl/qmdf ub{5g\ . h;/L x/]s uf]nfsf/ (Circle) sf Ps dfq s]Gb| ljGb' x'G5To;/L g} pkf;gfsf] lgldQ s]jn Ps O{Zj/ -cNnfx_ dfq of]Uo 5g\ / sfjfdfq s]Gb| laGb'sf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . c/asf] dSsf zx/df cjl:yt sfafsf]laifodf s'/cfg eGb5– ælg:;Gb]x -pkf;gfsf] nflu_ klxnf] 3/ h'gdflg;x?sf nflu lgwf{l/t ul/Psf] lyof], Tof] dSsfdf /x]sf] 5, of] ;Dk"0f{;+;f/af;Lx?sf nflu d+undo tyf dfu{bz{s xf] .Æ -#M(^_


lgisif{

O{Zj/sf clGtd O{zb"t d'xDdb -;=_ dfly $) jif{sf] pd]/df O{zjf0fLcjtL0f{ x'g] qmdsf] z'¿jft eof] . km]/L @# jif{;Dd ;do ;dodf O{Zj/sftkm{af6 h'g ;Gb]zx¿ pgLdfly cjtl/t eO/x] To;}sf] ;+u|xsf] gfd g}…s'/cfgÚ xf] . s'/cfgsf] clGtd Znf]s jf k+lQm h'g xh/t d'xDdb -;=_:juf{/f]x0f x'g'eGbf s]xL ;do k"j{ pxfFdfly cjtl/t ePsf] lyof] Tof] o:tf] 5,

…cfh xfdLn] ltd|fnflu ltd|f] wd{nfO{ k"0f{ ul/lbof}+ / ltdLdfly cfˆgf]]j/bfg k"/f ul/lbof}+ / xfdLn] ltd|f nflu ……;Dk"0f{ cfTd ;dk{0fÚÚ - …O:nfdÚ_sf] wd{nfO{ /f]Hof}+ÚÚ . -%M#_

O:nfdnfO{ ;xL cy{df ga'em]sf sf/0fn] ubf{ u}/ d';ndfgx¿ dfqgeO{ s]xL d';ndfgx¿ :jo+ klg o; e|ddf k/]sf 5g\ ls O:nfd s]jn!$@( jif{ k'/fgf wd{ xf] . cyf{t O:nfd ;a} wd{x¿eGbf cGtdf cfPsf]tyf Ps gofF / gf}nf] wd{ xf] . h'g s'/f k"0f{t unt xf] . s'/cfgn] O:nfdgofF wd{ gePsf] tyf o; ;+;f/df k|f/Deb]lv g} s]jn Pp6} wd{ -Ps]Zj/jfb_sf] :yfkgf ePsf] / ;f]xL wd{nfO{ g} clGtd k6ssf nflu k"gM :yflktug{sf nflu clGtd O{zb"t dfkm{t s'/cfgsf] cjt/0f ul/Psf] s'/fsf] k'li6ub{5 .

olb O:nfd gf}nf] wd{ eOlbPsf] eP s'/cfgn] af/Daf/ k"j{ cjtl/tu|Gyx¿dfly klg ljZjf; /fVg' kg{] cfb]z lsg lbGYof] < dg'iosf dfu{bz{gsfnflu O{Zj/sf] ;Gb]z cfpg] qmdsf] z'¿jft t k[YjLdf klxnf] dfgj …cfbdÚaf6z'¿ eO;s]sf] lyof] . cfbd -c=_ dfly h'g O{zjf0fL cjtl/t ePsf] lyof]ToxL ;Gb]z g} ;do–;dodf k[YjLsf] k|To]s efudf, k|To]s o'udf hGdlnPsf O{zb"tx¿dfly klg cjtl/t eO/x], h;sf] cGt d'xDdb -;=_ dflycjtl/t pQm Znf]s -%M#_ df ePsf] 5 . of] k'/} Ps >[v+nf xf] h;sf] cGtd'xDdb -;=_ df x'g uPsf] 5 . s'/cfgsf] dfly pNn]lvt k+lQmsf ljifodf>L dflns /fd n]Vb5g\ –

……o;sf] cy{ of] dfq xf]Og ls …x] d';ndfgx¿ Û d'xDdb O{zb"t -;=_n] NofPsf] wd{ O:nfd cfh k"0f{ ePsf] 5ÚÚ a¿ o; k+lQmåf/f of] 3f]if0ffug{'kg{] klg lyof] ls Tof] …O:nfdÚ sf] lzIff h'g cfbd -c=_ sf] ;doaf6


;+;f/sf ljleGg hfltx¿nfO{ k|bfg ul/b} cfOof] Tof] cfh k"0f{ ePsf] 5 .cyf{t -O{Zj/sf tkm{af6_ dfu{ bz{s k':tssf] of] -s'/cfg_ clGtd ;+:s/0f(Edition) xf] .ÚÚ -O:nfldoft, gofF lbNnL_

k|To]s d';ndfgn] ;a} k"j{ cjtl/t u|Gyx¿dfly klg cf:yf /fVgclgjfo{ 5, ta dfq pgLx¿ cfTd;dk{0f -O:nfd_ wd{ leq /xg] 5g\ .s'/cfgn] …;t\wd{Ú ltg} s'/fx¿nfO{ atfPsf] 5 h'g ;d:t O{Zj/Lo u|Gyx¿df/x]sf 5g\ . s'/cfg tL ;a}sf] ;+u|x xf] / ;f]xL ;gftg wd{nfO{ g} :yflktug{] cfb]z O{Zj/n] s'/cfg dfkm{t dfgj dfqnfO{ lbPsf 5g\ .

O{Zj/n] qmdzM h'g wd{nfO{ k|]lift u/] dfgjhfltn] To;nfO{ cg]sf}+;d"xx¿df ljeflht ul/lbPsf 5g\ . ljleGg hfltx¿n] wd{sf ljleGgefux¿af6 ag]sf wd{nfO{ g} ;Dk"0f{ dfg]/ cfˆgf]nflu kof{Kt 7fg]sf 5g\ .o;k|sf/ :jo+ dg'iox¿ ;–;fgf ;d"xdf ljeflht ePsf 5g\ . x/]s wfld{shfltn] s'g} Ps O{zb"tåf/f NofOPsf] u|GynfO{ dfGg c:jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ .ljefhgsf] o; b'ef{Uok"0f{ cj:yf oxfF;Dd ;Lldt /xFb}g . x/]sn] h'g–h'gu|GynfO{ cfˆgf]] wd{sf] cfwf/ dfg]sf lyP To;af6 klg pgLx¿ xl6;s]sf5g\ . j}lbs wd{ dfGg]x¿ …j]bÚ af6 6fl9P, ox'bL tyf O{;fO{ …tf}/]tÚ /…OGhLnÚ af6 x6]sf 5g\ clg sd{of]udf …s'/cfgÚ sf cg'ofoLx¿sf hLjgaf6s'/cfg 6fl9g yfn]sf] 5 . d"n wd{sf oL efux¿df klg To;sf cg'ofoLx¿sfod /xg ;s]gg\ .

;f/+zdf eGg'kbf{ j]b / s'/cfgn] lbg] d"n ;Gb]z Ps g} x'g\ . k|f/lDes;t\wd{ cyf{t cfbddfkm{t :yflkt wd{df kl5 uP/ cg]sf} sdLx¿ b]vfk/] . ctM pxL k|frLg wd{nfO{ g} :yflkt ug{sf nflu xh/t g"x -c=_ o;nf]sdf cfP . To;kl5 pg} ;[li6stf{sf] OR5f:j?k xh/t d";f -c=_ wd{u|GyÆtf}/]tÆ sf ;fy cfP . xh/t O{;f -c=_ klg ÆOGhLnÆ dfkm{t ToxL ;Gb]zlnP/ cfP tyf cGtdf xh/t d'xDdb -;=_ Æs'/cfgÆ sf ;fy clGtd k6ss'g} gofF / gf}nf] wd{ geO{ pxL -Ps]Zj/jfbsf]_ wd{nfO{ :yflkt ug{sf] nflucfP . s] Ps O{Zj/sf] OR5f k|To]s o'u, ;do, sfn, kl/l:ylt cg';f/abln/xg ;Snf< of] c;Dej 5 lsgsL d"n dfGotfx¿ Ps} 5g\ . km]/L s]of] ;Dej x'g ;Snf ls cflb sfndf k[YjLdf j}lbs wd{sf] :yfkgf eof],xh/t d";f -c=_ n] xhf/f}+ jif{kl5 cfP/ pgLx¿nfO{ ox"bL agfO{ lbP, xh/t


O{;f c= n] k'g pgLx¿nfO{ O{;fO{ agfO{ lbP tyf cGtdf xh/t d'xDdb -;=_n] d';ndfg aGgsf nflu eg] < o:tf] x'g} ;Sb}g . oL ;a} O{zb"tx¿n]NofPsf ;Gb]zx¿sf] cy{ ga'em]sf sf/0fn] ubf{ xfdLaf6 cjZo g} 7"nf] e"neO/x]sf] 5 . kmn:j?k Ps} hf]8L cfbd tyf xJjfsf ;Gtfgx¿ xfdLdfdte]bsf] l;h{gf eO{ lbgfg'lbg ;–;fgf ;d"xdf cnlUub}F uO/x]sf 5f}+ . oL;a} O{zb"tx¿ O{Zj/sf g} b"t x'g\ tyf logLx¿ ;TojfbL lyP eGg] s'/fnfO{s'/cfgn] o;/L :ki6 ub{5,

æcNnfxn] ltdLx¿sf nflu ToxL wd{ lgwf{l/t u/]sf 5g\ h;sf]cfb]z pgn] g'xnfO{ lbPsf lyP . clg h;sf] k|sfzgf -x] d'xDdb _xfdLn]ltdLtkm{ u/]sf 5f}+ / h;sf] cfb]z xfdLn] Oa|fxLd, d";f tyf O{;fnfO{ lbPsflyof}+ ls wd{nfO{ :yflkt u/ / o;df dte]b gu/Æ .

s'/cfg cem cufl8 eGb5– æ;Dk"0f{ dfgj Pp6} ;d'bfo x'g\ . clgltgLx¿n] lje]b u/] .Æ

tL ;a} O{zb"tx¿n] lbPsf lzIff Ps} x'g\ . ljleGg o'u ,j+z tyfhfltdf hGd]sf x'Fbf ;f] wd{sf] gfd kSs} klg ;a}n] cf–cfˆg} efiffdfatfPsf 5g\ . pxL k|flrg tyf Ps} wd{sf] -;Twd{sf]_ gfd s'/cfgn] c/aLefiffdf æO:nfdÆ atfPsf] 5 . oxL O:nfd wd{sf] gfd s'/cfg ;gftg wd{-bLg–P–sløod_ atfpFb5 -#)M$#_ . s'/cfg o;sf] gfd …zfZjt wd{Ú -bLg–P–sløod_ eGb5 -!*M%_ . xh/t d'xDdb -;=_n] s'/cfgs} wd{nfO{ …:jwd{Útyf …:jefj lgot sd{Ú -bLg–P–lkmt\/t_ atfpFb5g\ .

;d:t O{zb'tx¿ tyf ;d:t wfld{s cfofdx¿sf] ljZn]if0faf6 g};Todfu{sf] klxrfg ug{ ;Sg] s'/fnfO{ :jLsfg{' kb{5 . To;}n] O:nfd s'g}gofF tyf gf}nf] wd{ geO{ pxL k|flrg wd{ -;t\wd{_ g} xf] . oxL wd{ g}jf:tljs O{Zj/n] /f]h]sf] dfu{ xf] . t;y{ o; dfu{af6 g} nf}lss tyfkf/nf}lss hLjgsf] ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .

æ========= x] dfgj ltdLx¿sf] of] ljb|f]x ltd|} yfKnf]df kl//x]sf] 5 .;f+;f/Ls hLjgsf] yf]/} lbgsf] cfgGb n]pm km]/L xfdLtkm{ g} kms]{/ cfpg' 5clg ltdLx¿n] h] hlt ug]{ u/]sf lyof} xfdL ltdLx¿nfO{ cjut u/fpg]5f}Æ . s'/cfg -!)M@#_


;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx?

!= 8f= hfls/ gfOs -k|jrg tyf jQmJox?_

@= Hinduism & IslamA Comparative Study - Murtahin Billah Fazlie

#= clGtd ;Gb]i6f – cfrfo{ ;v/ gbjL

$= d'xDdb -;=_ wd{ u|Gyx?df – 8f= Pd=P= >Ljf:tj

%= O:nfddf gf/L – lxkmh'/{xdfg

^= cjtf/jfb cf}/ l/;fnt– 8f= df]xDdb cxdb

&= Muhammad in Parsi, Hindoo and Buddhist Scriptures - A.H.Vidyarthi and U. Ali

*= CUj]b, oh'j{j]b, ;fdj]b tyf cyj{j]b -g]kfnL cg'jfb_ – ltnsk|;fb n'O{+6]n

(= j]b cf}/ s'/cfg, km};nf s/t] x}+ – P;= cAb'Nnfx tf/Ls

!)= O:nfd bz{g – df}nfgf ;}o\ob ca"n cfnf df}b"bL

!!= cGo

O:nfd tyf lxGb wd - islam chat

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