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Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers

What Is Computer ?A computer is a essentially a machine that can store large

amounts of data and process this data whenever needed. Processing

means operations like calculations, logical decision making,

outputting data, communicating with others computer etc.

Some essential abilities of a computer are as follows :

# Very high speeds.

# Excellent accuracy

# Flexibility of operations

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Application of computerApplication of computer

It is electronic data processing machine that acceptIt is electronic data processing machine that accept

data ,process it according to the provided set ofdata ,process it according to the provided set of

instructions and produce the desired out put.instructions and produce the desired out put.

Any computer has four functions.Any computer has four functions.1.Accepting the data and instructions as input1.Accepting the data and instructions as input

2.Storing data /obtaining when required2.Storing data /obtaining when required

3.Process the data as per instructions3.Process the data as per instructions

4. Communicating information4. Communicating information

Qualities like Speed ,Storage/Reuse of information, ConsistencyQualities like Speed ,Storage/Reuse of information, Consistency

, Auto, Auto--operation, Accuracyoperation, Accuracy

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Basic Components Of A ComputerBasic Components Of A Computer

Computer HardwareComputer Hardware

1.1. KeyboardKeyboard

2.2. MouseMouse

3.3. MonitorMonitor4.4. PrinterPrinter

5.5. Speakers/headphones/miSpeakers/headphones/mi

crophonescrophones6.6. CCentralentral PProcessingrocessing UUnitnit

7.7. Disk DrivesDisk Drives

Computer SoftwareComputer Software

1.1. Operating System SoftwareOperating System Software

2.2. Application SoftwareApplication Software

3.3. Internet Browser SoftwareInternet Browser Software

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Basic Components of ComputerBasic Components of Computer

MemoryMemory :: Enables a computer toEnables a computer to storestore, at least, at leasttemporarily, data and programs.temporarily, data and programs.Mass storageMass storage devicedevice :: Allows a computer toAllows a computer topermanently retain large amounts of data. Commonpermanently retain large amounts of data. Commonmass storage devices includemass storage devices include disk drivesdisk drives andand tapetape

drivesdrives..Input deviceInput device :: Usually aUsually a keyboardkeyboard andand mousemouse, the, theinput device is the conduit through which data andinput device is the conduit through which data andinstructions enter a computer.instructions enter a computer.

Output deviceOutput device :: AAdisplay screendisplay screen,, printerprinter, or other, or otherdevice that lets you see what the computer hasdevice that lets you see what the computer hasaccomplished.accomplished.

CentralCentral processingprocessing unitunit (CPU)(CPU):: TheThe heartheart ofof thethecomputer,computer, thisthis isis thethe componentcomponent thatthat actuallyactually executesexecutes

instructionsinstructions..

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Classification OfComputerClassification OfComputer PersonalPersonal computercomputer :: AA small,small, singlesingle--useruser computercomputer

basedbased onon aa microprocessormicroprocessor.. InIn additionaddition toto thethemicroprocessor,microprocessor, aa personalpersonal computercomputer hashas aa keyboardkeyboard forforenteringentering data,data, aa monitormonitor forfor displayingdisplaying information,information, andandaa storagestorage devicedevice forfor savingsaving datadata..

WorkstationWorkstation :: AA powerful,powerful, singlesingle--useruser computercomputer.. AAworkstationworkstation isis likelike aa personalpersonal computer,computer, butbut itit hashas aamoremore powerfulpowerful microprocessormicroprocessor andand aa higherhigher--qualityqualitymonitormonitor..

MinicomputerMinicomputer :: AA multimulti--useruser computercomputer capablecapable ofof

supportingsupporting fromfrom 1010 toto hundredshundreds ofof usersusers simultaneouslysimultaneously.. MainframeMainframe :: AA powerfulpowerful multimulti--useruser computercomputer capablecapable ofof

supportingsupporting manymany hundredshundreds oror thousandsthousands ofof usersuserssimultaneouslysimultaneously..

SupercomputerSupercomputer :: AnAn extremelyextremely fastfast computercomputer thatthat cancanperformperform hundredshundreds ofof millionsmillions ofof instructionsinstructions perper secondsecond..

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What is Software ?What is Software ?

Every Computer needs instructions from the user for executing

different tasks. A set of such logically ordered instructions givento a computer to performs a tasks or solve a problem is call a

program.

A set of one or more programs is called software

Categories of software

1.1. O r ti g Sy t S ftw r O r ti g Sy t S ftw r

2.2. Appli ti S ftw r Appli ti S ftw r

3.3. I t r t r w r S ftw r I t r t r w r S ftw r

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Oper ti g Sy tem S ftw r e

( NOVELL & WINDOWS )

An Operating System Software is a program that allows you to

communicate with the computer by giving it commands to

operate its disks in various disk drives where information can bestored & retrieved

If you are working on a network, you need to Operating System

Softwares (both running at the same time Novell = Network Operating System Software

y Windows = Desk Operating System software

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Application Software

Word Processing

Words Program; used for letters; reports, tables ,etc.

MICROSOFT WORD

(*.DOC)

Spreadsheet

Numbers Program; used for payroll; budgets;

financial statements, etc.

MICROSOFT EXCEL

(*.XLS)

DatabaseRecords Program; used for employee, customer or

inventory records, etc.

MICROSOFTACCESS( *.MDB)

Desktop Publishing

Publishing Program; used for brochures; flyers;

newsletters, posters, etc.

MICROSOFT

PUBLISHER ( *.PUB)

Presentation

Slides Program; used for speeches

MICROSOFT

POWERPOINT (*.PPT)

Web Site Design & Management

Web Program; used for designing & managing web

sites

MICROSOFT

FRONTPAGE

(no extension)

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Internet Browser Software :

Programs such as Internet Explorer, fire

fox orNetscape Navigatorthat you useto browse the Internet .

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Appli ti f mputerAppli ti f mputer

Commercial ApplicationCommercial Application : Pay roll, Invoice,Market: Pay roll, Invoice,Marketresearch, Personal record.research, Personal record.

Customer serviceCustomer service: Electric bill,railway, airlines,: Electric bill,railway, airlines,banking service.banking service.

EducationEducation: Result processing, class note, teaching,: Result processing, class note, teaching,online examination.online examination.

GovernmentGovernment: Planning,budgeting, records day to: Planning,budgeting, records day today dealingday dealing

Textile/Industries/EngineeringTextile/Industries/Engineering : Designing,: Designing,drafting, machine handlingdrafting, machine handling

ResearchResearch : Review, Planning analysis of results.: Review, Planning analysis of results.

TransportTransport: Traffic control and booking: Traffic control and booking

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ComputerNetworkComputerNetwork

LocalLocal AreaArea NetworksNetworks :: NetworkNetwork ofof interconnectedinterconnectedcomputercomputer inin aa singlesingle room,room, roomsrooms withwith inin samesamebuildingbuilding withwith thethe samesame premisepremise..

WideWide AreaArea NetworksNetworks :: ItIt isis computercomputer networkingnetworkingspanningspanning aa regional,regional, nationalnational oror geographicalgeographicalareaarea.. WhenWhen manymany networksnetworks inin thethe worldworld

connectedconnected toto eacheach otherother byby OpticalOptical FiberFiberCablesCables ,,telephonetelephone lineslines oror satellitesatellite thenthen itit isis knownknown asasWANWAN..

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What is InternetWhat is Internet

ItIt isis windowswindows toto globalglobal informationinformation.. TheThe globalglobal

interconnectedinterconnected networksnetworks useuse TCPTCP // IPIP

protocolsprotocols.. ItIt isis knownknown asas networksnetworks ,, inin whichwhich

thethe networksnetworks // computerscomputers operatingoperating inin differentdifferent

environmentenvironment areare knittedknitted toto thethe internetinternet byby aa

communicationcommunication protocol protocol (( TCPTCP // IPIP )) ,, toto

provide provide thethe variousvarious applicationapplication servicesservices ii..ee..EE--MailMail ,, UsenetUsenet (( NewsNews )) ,, WWW,WWW, Telnet,Telnet,

FTP,FTP, etcetc..

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Why Use The InternetWhy Use The Internet

M ke your t k easierMake your taskseasier

Work ona teamspread across the worldWork ona teamspread across the world

Commercial ServicesCommercial Services

Electronic books & PublicationElectronic books & Publication

Sharing dataand results quicklySharing dataand results quickly

Retrieving files & Programofall typesRetrieving files & Programofall types Find information databasesand tutorialsFind information databasesand tutorials

NewspapercoloumsNewspapercoloums

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Communication facilities on Internet: World Wide Web (www): English computer scientist Timothy

erners - Lee developed

E-mail:

Voice mail:

Worldwide video conferencing

Chatting

Customersupport service

Exchange of views on topics ofcommon interest

Facsimile (Fax) Feedback about products

FTP: File Transfer Protocol (FTP).

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Information availability by multimedia

On-line journals and magazines

On-line shopping Posting of information of general interest

Product promotion.

Software sharing

URL: Uniform Resource Locator

Web Directory

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The Internet TODAYThe Internet TODAY

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Computer conferencing

attended by a learner

COMPUTER BASED

CONFERENCING

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VIDEO CONFERENCINGVIDEO CONFERENCING

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IT in AgricultureIT in Agriculture

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