Cr Dijon 2007 Par 1

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DIJON – LA CANNE ROYALE – 2007

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La Canne Royale

1. Introduction:

2. Thesis

3. How to use a “Canne Royale”4. A very old art

1. Introduction:

1. I

2. Legacy of my Uncle Marcel3. Humé 1862 - Brussels

2. Thesis

- CR = 1m. “A true story”

- “L’arme du bourgeois” – The weapen of the citizen

- Politics

3. How to use a “Canne Royale”

- Instructions of my Uncle Marcel

- Gear – Equipment and making of your own “Canne

Royale”- How to use the treaty of Humé (1862)

- Advise to master and student- The secret of the art- Positions & Actions (Right Angle – The greatings – The

guard – The four images – The blows – Terminologie –

The four sides – The volte – Lessens: first serie of 4 and

second serie of 4 – The blow combinations – L’Assault &Jeu de Canne Royale (reconstruction of the rules).

4. A very old art -- Un art si ancien …..

Workshop LA CANNE ROYALE

1. Basis (Secret & Salut) + Principes (Coups, Parade & Riposte)

2. Les 4 faces

3. La volte

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4. L’assaut (Reconstruction règlement “Le jeu de la canne royale)

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1. INTRODUCTION:

1. I

JEAN TREMBLOY DPS BELGIUM

°1958 TERNAT

I studied at the university of Gent : “Political sciences” and “European Law”

And I have a lot of fun to investigate with the “DRAGON PRESERVATION SOCIETY”in the old European sword techniques.

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TERNAT – BESIDE BRUSSEL- BRABANT (FLEMISH PART)

BELGIUM

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2. LEGACY

UNCLE MARCEL (1914 – 1992)

1. Petie Larousse Illustré 1906

2. Fence mask

3. Floret

4. Canne Royale

(from my uncle Marcel Reveyn)

5. HAT (Chapeau) Haut-de-forme Bruxelles (1914)

(from my grandfather Jan Van derborght)

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3. Eugène Humé and J. Renkin 1862

1. HUME & RENKIN BELGIUM BRUSSELS 1862

Traité et théorie de canne royale. Escrime. / Par Eugène Humé et J.Renkin.

Authors Humé. Eugène.,

Renkin. J..

Date 1862

Keywords Canne. Sport.

Repository Bibliothèque nationale de France (France)

Download http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N110882Publisher Impr. de M.-J. Poot. Bruxelles

Type texte, monographie

Language fre

Rights libre de droits

(Scientific Commons)

http://en.scientificcommons.org/hum%C3%A9_eug%C3%A8ne

http://en.scientificcommons.org/renkin_j

http://en.scientificcommons.org/repository/biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_france

http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N110882









http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N110882


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2. THESIS:

CR = 1M => Belgium

“A true story”

The Ancient Regime”.

The word “canne” is used to indicate a linear measure.

In the ancient regime this linear measure changed from region to region, from city to city,

just because the king had given privileges to the nobility, the clergy and the cities todetermine their measurements themselves

Thus the length of the “canne” differed from 1,25m to 1,78m and more.Abuse and deceit were common knowledge.

The French Revolution. 1789

The French Revolution puts an end to the privileges of nobility and clergy and throughthe principal of “equality” they wished to put order in business and to change the society.One of the means to do this was to uniform all measuring systems who would then count

for all people and all times.

They determined in an objective way a measuring unit that could serve for all measuring

systems. The “meter” became this unit; and the base of the decimal system.

It was determined by the meridian which runs through Dunkirk and Barcelona of whichthey took 1/10 mlj part of ¼ of the meridian.

It’s the French law of “19 Frimaire An VIII” 10 December 1799 which determined the

“meter” at “3 foot, 11 lines 296 … or 443,296 lines.

Thus the thumb of the king divided by 12 = 1L. = 2,255 cm.

Introduction of the metric system.

At first they wanted to introduce this system on voluntary bases, by world expositionsand the conference of the “meter”.

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But there was a lot of resistance therefore the metric system was imposed by law.

In Belgium in 1819 (United Kingdom of the Netherlands) and by the laws of 1832 and

reactualisation in 1855.In France it was only as of 1837 by a royal ordinance.

So Belgium was one of the first countries to use this metric system imposed by law.

Important here was the form of government in Belgium.In 1830 Belgium became independent with a parliament and a king at the head of the

country and with the most liberated constitution at that time.

In their constitution they guaranteed: personnel freedom, freedom of press, freedom of

union and freedom of religion.And the society was based on order of civil values.

Politically seen it’s the parliament that votes the laws and the king and his ministers

executed by “Royal decree” (Décret Royale).

This happened also with the “meter”.

By “Décret Royale” wasdetermined that the old names

could be applied to the new

measuring system;

So the “PINT” 0,50 l. Became the

“pint” 0,33 l.

(Picture: Petit Larousse Illustré 1906)

So the “canne” (collective noun for different measures) was used to determine the

“meter” and to make clear this was a new measuring unit imposed by “Décret Royale”they called it “CANNE ROYALE”

Eventually they give this up in practice, but the name “CR” lived on in the common

language

CR = 1M

My source is:

1. “Dictionnaire universel des Poids et Mesures – Anciens et Modernes – Par

Horace Doursther – Bruxelles 18402. La Canne Royale of mij Uncle Marcel – measured with à meter.

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“LA CANNE EST, EN QUELQUE SORTE,

L’ARME DU BOURGEOIS, COMME LE FER EST CELLE DU SOLDAT” (Humé 1862)

The “canne” is in some ways the weapon of a

citizen, like the sword is that of a soldier. (Humé1862)

(Picture: Petit Larousse Illustré 1906)

This sentence describes very well the power of the citizen in Belgium after theindependence of 1830.

Belgium became a parliament monarchy after separating of the United Kingdom of the

Netherlands.A king as head of state and a parliament that was chosen, and the mostliberated constitution of the moment.

“Freedom of union”, “Freedom of press”, “Freedom of religion”, “Personnel freedom”,

became constitutional freedoms who could be extorted these freedoms could be appliedfor all inhabitants, foreigners, fugitives who where prosecuted in their own country,

included.

“Nous nous sommes rendus dans les principales salles de Paris et de

Bruxelles ou nous avons eu l’honneur de tirer avec les meilleursmaitres” (Humé 1862)

They have practised with the bests fencers in Paris and Brussels.

This is to describe that there are narrow ties between Brussels and Paris; also in the worldof fencing.

We have also found that the French masters were well known in Belgium.

In the “CORBLE COLLECTION” catalogue of old fencing books, that is archived at the

University of Leuven we find:

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1. Louis Le Boucher (1849” Theory tolearn to draw the “canne” in 25

lessons.”)

2. Larribeau (1856 new theory of thegame with the “canne”.)

3. Joseph Charlemont (1906 The

Canne)

These are the pioneers of the French boxing and the “canne”.

(Picture: Petit Larousse 1906)

Did you know Joseph Charlemont had to leave France in 1871 because he participated or sympathised with the rebellion of the “Commune de Paris”.

And where did he run to? >>>>>>Brussels

He opened a fencing school in Brussels in 1875 (La société libre de Bruxelles) where heeducated fencing, boxing and gymnasts.

Many students of the University of Brussels where a member of his school. He became

very popular as a famous boxer and fencer in Belgium.

Finally he was granted pardon so he could return to France and became the father of savate and canne Française.

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“en notre qualité de membres brevetes de plusieurs sociétés d’escrime”

(HUME 1862)

They have licenses of different schools.

By the documentation of “The museum of fencing in Brussels” we found that, in that

time, you could obtain the brevets of Prévost and Maitre for mastering the four disciplines: “La Canne, Le baton, Le fleuret et Le sabre”; in the fencing schools of

Mechelen, Leuven and Brussels.

“Dans les leçons, nous faisons renouveler les exercices à chaque face.

Nous entendons, par là, les quatre murailles de la salle : …”

(HUME 1862)

The four directions to practice.

We have also found that around 1890, the military school of the cavalry in Bruges wasgiven instruction to groups of +/- 25 men in handling the “canne royale” along the principles of the four sides. Such as was done in the military school in France. “L’école

de Joinville” (°1852) where the method of the four sides was introduced.)

(Interview: Luc De Fraeye about his grand-grandfather)

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In “Manière de s’y comporter” – “… ne faire preuve de manquéd’éducation” (HUME 1862)

How to behave, be wel educated.

In the period 1830 to 1930 education in Belgium has played a significant role in

spreading and understanding of the weapon of the citizen.

The reason was the introduction of the metric system and learning the citizen’s values tothe youth.

In all lessons the use of the meter as a base of the metric system had to be applied, inmathematics, history, geography but also in physical training.

(Pictures: source internet)

In this way the exercises became obligated. And they trained by following the principles

of the fencing schools and the 4 directions.

Later the principals of this teachings where published:“Cource complète Canne Royale by F.Cloosen, gymnastics teacher 1891 (Namen).

They even exercised on music.

Jules Lemoine “Gymnastics and lessons of “canne royale” 1892

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After the turn of the century these exercises took place under the name of Swedish

Gymnastics, although in my opinion they had little to do with this, except for the

exercises of the “canne royale” who could correct you physically and psychologically.This was in the book of Humé 1862 in the passage about how to behave as a student.

POLITICS

The industrialization gave cause to the existence of working class groups who mostly

lived in miserable conditions and had no political rights.The fear for revolution put the citizens (=upper class) on to deal with this problem.

Since 1864 three political visions originated in Belgium which ended in three political

parties: The Liberals 1864, The Catholics 1884, The Socialists 1885.

They each had a different idea: How to preserve the citizen’s values like equal rights andfreedoms and offer a solution to the call for a voice for the working man and improve

their conditions of life.

Each party tried to pull them over to their side by uniting them in a labour circles, of their

ideological view.

In the writings and pictures of these circles we find the “canne” as a symbol and as a

weapen.

1. The liberals. They united the working class in the so called “Laurent circles “where through

Education and organization of activities like: theatre, travelling, music and gymnastics,

they tried to give the working man moral principles so they could function in the civilsociety.

Those who earned these civic virtues could become leaders of the movement and

participation in society.

In a speech for a jubilee in 1880 of the circle “Happiness in Work” we find a direct

Hint to the use of the “canne”: “The only regular activity which happened were the

exercises with the little stick (Canne Royale) under supervision of mister Jan Leemans.We had acquired these “cannes” for free in a little alder wood (elzenhout – aune) in

Baarle with authorization from Sir De Pestel, headmaster at Drongen.

“Het eenige regelmatige wat er geschiedde was de gezamelijke oefeningen met den

kleine stok (Canne Royale) onder de leiding van den heer Jan Leemans. We hadden

ons die stokken kosteloos aangeschaft in een boschje van elzenhout te Baarle met de

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toestemming van de heer De Pestel, hoofdonderwijzer te Drongen.” (Source: Liberal

archive)

Co-partnership means the right to vote, among

the liberals there was a battle going, “do wegrant everybody the right to vote” (point of

view by Progresses) or “only to those who can

read and write” (point of view by Doctrinisms).

Civil exchange of ideas with “canne royale”

with the mayor of Brussels: Charles Buls 1891.

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2. The Catholics.

They had a paternalistic and guardian vision on the problem, they organized the workers

In the so called “anti socialist labour guilds.”

These are not to compare with the equally named medieval guilds but their purpose was

to form a miniature catholic society for the members.They were based on “faith”, “family” and “property” and the good catholic was taken

care of from birth till death.

The leadership stayed in the hands of the notable: “The vicar”, the notary”, “the doctor”

and “the gentleman-farmer”.In a conversation with the daughter of the Unionistische mayor and gentleman-farmer of

Wambeek we learn that the use of “THE ROEDE” was seen by these notables as a sign

of power, and they didn’t neglect to punish the servant when the job wasn’t done by

satisfaction.

The main activity of theseunions was the organization

of “Passion plays”

(1938 Antwerp Sport palace)

(Picture: source internet)

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3. The socialists.

The socialist unions emerged from the so called radicals and progressists citizens and theworkers circles (The founders of Belgian labour Party), those citizens and workers had a

strong opinion about Equality and Freedom and this must be applied to everybody.

This vision is found back in the

battle for obtaining the general

singular right to vote:“1man – 1vote” and to improve

work- and living conditions for the

working class.

The use of the “canne” is found in

pictures and writings of this battle.

A drawing of the complete strike (1897)

shows the symbolism clearly man,

woman and child are carrying a “canneroyale” as a sign of equality.

The next picture shows also that insidethese unions they were forming groups

who secured the safety and course of the

strikes and demonstrations.They were named: “The red guards”.

Demonstrations and total strike (1906 Brussels)

The canne royale was also a good protection

against the charges of the police.

We can close this period with a quote we found in

the work about Minister Joseph Wauters at his

funeral (1929)

“It is the defender of the humble that the

anonymous crowd comes to salute in equal death.The walls are covered with red and gold: the flags

of the unions of workers of Brussels. Among

them, standing tall the red guard of the social

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providence (Prevoience Social) holding up their canne as a sign of protection and

honour.”

“C’est le défenseur des heumbles que l’anonyme foule vient saluer dans la mort

égalitaire. Les murs sont tapissés de rouge et d’or : ce sont les drapeaux des organisations

ouvrières de Bruxelles et de ses faubourgs. Autour d’eux, droits, figés comme desstatues, les gardes rouges de la prévoyance sociale dressent leurs cannes comme une

voûte de protection et d’honneur. »

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Conclusion;

From that moment on the “canne royale” as a symbol and also as a practical weapon hasdisappeared. The fashion changed and in the schools gymnastics was replaced by ball

sports.

The “canne royale” “the meter” had become so evident, that it was forgotten as a symboland was replaced in fencing schools by electronics; the collective memory of many

generations had been erased.

Y have been so lucky, in my family the tradition lived on, my uncle instructed me in thetechniques of the “canne royale”

I want all of you to be a part of this, so the “canne royale” won’t be forgotten.

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