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Kierunek rozprzestrzenianiasię fali detonacyjnej

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Strefa uderzeniowej dekompozycjimateriału wybuchowego

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1

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koniec strefy reakcji chemicznych

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86787C3+ 30'%12&4()4(5+ 9)>6)A593A@+ (+ 3HG(H1747+ >)97&2+ 7=A)H154(5+ =70713>)4B0+ >7170@GK"+ W=93514()+

AB0454()+89543+XOF+89787054)+<)89+0+67895G(+PTR

)(exp1 xxnRT

pVβ+=

, !"Y$

%&'()+

! !"#$%&'(#)*!+&,-)./#0(.1'#23)()4&"&0#5"67)5#"03,8'&0(.1'8./)4"3,-!567)999

αθ )( +

=

TV

kx

, !"!$

6A'@+G'@>+!+<)89+=70713>)4)>+0@65&=70@>+79A'@>@054@>+<5=7+83>5+=70713>)4B0+>7170@GK+!(

i

n

i

i knkg

∑=

=1

κ , !"Z$

[B0454()+ !"Y$+'50()A5+G'9)A@+65A5>)9A@+&7C()A54)+&7H0(5&G'514()*+#;+$;+%+ (+&+ "+F5A97HG(+ 9@GK+65A5>)9AB0+

67'0515<J+ &765870@05:+ 67895:+ AB0454(5+ &7+ 0I5HG(07HG(+ 9)A>7&@45>(G'4@GK+ >()8'54(4@+ A)5=9@04)<;+ &7+

76(83+ =9BA)<+ AB0454()+ <)89+ 6A')'45G'74)"+F5A97HG(+ !(+ 8J+ =70713>)45>(+ GK5A5=9)A@'3<JG@>(+ (4&@0(&3514)+

0I5HG(07HG(+ 678'G')%B14@GK+ 8=I5&4(=B0+ >()8'54(4@"+ F()1=7HG(+ n(+ 7'45G'5<J+ 7&670()&4(7+ (17HG(+ >71(+

678'G')%B14@GK+8=I5&4(=B0;+ ∑=

=

gn

i

inn

1

\+ng+]+(17H:+8=I5&4(=B0+%5'70@GK+0+>()8'54(4()"

^89794@>+ &15+ 0@<5H4()4(5+ 0I5847HG(+ (+ '585&47HG(+ 89787054(5+ AB04(5+ 89543+ XOF+ <)89+ A7'659A')4()+ <)%7+

(49)A6A)95G<(+V'@G'4)<+P#_R"

L5=+0(&5:+'+67895G(+AB0454(5+ !"Y$;+6A'@+&3?@GK+05A97HG(5GK+7C<297HG(+3=I5&3;+9<"+&15+%5'B0+A7'A')&'74@GK;+

AB0454()+89543+XOF+6A')GK7&'(+0+AB0454()+89543+%5'3+(&)514)%7"+`15+&3?@GK+V+65A5>)9A+ +895<)+8(2+C70()>+

C1(8=(+')A3"+/+=71)(+6A'@+&3?@GK+%2897HG(5GK+>5870@GK;+05A97H:+676A50=(+45+4()(&)5147H:;+7=A)H1545+6A')'+

6A505+89A742+AB0454(5+ !"Y$;+'45G'JG7+0'A5895"+a'I74+0@89263<JG@+67+6A50)<+89A74()+AB0454(5;+=9BA@+7=A)H15+

06I@0+4()(&)5147HG(+7HA7&=5;+>5+C70()>+67895:+0@=I5&4(G'J"+

/%7&4()+'+0I5847HG(5>(+S34=G<(+0@=I5&4(G')<;+6A50J+89A742+AB0454(5+ !"Y$+>7?45+6A')&8950(:+0+67895G(

+++++= ....

!3

)(

!2

)(11

32 xxxx

nRT

pV βββ

, !"Q$

13C..

!3!21

43

322

+++⋅++=xx

xxnRT

pVβββ

, !"_$

30'%12&4(5<JG+8678BC+7=A)H1)4(5+ + 0'BA+ !"!$$;+79A'@>3<)+8(2

.......)(

!3

)(

!2

)()(1

4

43

3

32

2

2

+++++=

V

TK

V

TK

V

TK

V

TK

nRT

pV βββ

, !"bc$

%&'()*

αθ

κ

)()( 1

+=

∑=

T

kn

TKi

n

i

i

g

, !"bb$

L5=+0(&5:+'+67895G(+AB0454(5+ !"bc$+>5+747+S7A>2+54517%(G'4J+&7+0(A(514)%7+AB0454(5+89543"+d7&+0'%12&)>+

67895G(;+ 0(A(514)+ AB0454()+ 89543+ 7&670(5&5+ '585&4(G'@>+ 0@>7%7>+ 676A5047HG(+ AB0454(5+ 89543+ %5'B0+

A')G'@0(89@GK;+0@4(=5<JG@>+'+6A50(&)I+9)A>7&@45>(=(+8959@89@G'4)<+PMc;+MbR+

.......)()()(

132

++++=

V

TD

V

TC

V

TB

RT

pV

, !"b#$

d78'G')%B14)+G'I74@+AB0454(5+0(A(514)%7+67'0515<J+45+30'%12&4()4()+06I@03+0()17=A794@GK+7&&'(5I@05D+

>(2&'@>71)=315A4@GK"+`A3%(+ 086BIG'@44(=+ B '$+ 7=A)H15+ 3&'(5I@+0478'74)+ 6A')'+ '&)A')4(5-7&&'(5I@054(5+

&0BGK+>71)=3I;+C '$+]+9A')GK;+( '$+]+G'9)A)GK;+(9&"+

d7AB043<JG+A7'0(4(2G()+AB0454(5+XOF+ !"bc$+'+AB0454()>+0(A(514@>+ !"b#$+>7?)>@+'5305?@:;+?)+AB0454()+

XOF+ >7?)+ C@:+ '(49)A6A)97054)+ <5=7+ 86)G<5145+ S7A>5+ AB0454(5+ 0(A(514)%7"+ d78'G')%B14)+ 086BIG'@44(=(+

0(A(514)+>7%J+C@:+0@A5?74)+<5=7+7&670()&4()+=7>C(45G<)+895I@GK+AB0454(5+XOF+P#_R

" !"#$%&'()*'

αθ

κ

)()()( 1

+==

∑=

T

kn

TKTB

i

n

i

i

g

, !"bM$

2)()( TKTC ⋅= β ; 3

2

)(!2

)( TKTDβ

= ; itd. , !"bT$

eC)G47H:+0@?8'@GK+G'I74B0+0+A7'0(4(2G(3+AB0454(5+XOF+0+8')A)%+f5@17A5+ !"bc$+08=5'3<);+?)+AB0454()+

67'0515+ 45+ 30'%12&4()4()+ 06I@03+ <)&47G')84)%7+ 7&&'(5I@054(5+ &0BGK;+ 9A')GK;+ G'9)A)GK;+ 6(2G(3+ (+ 0(2G)<+

>71)=3I"+g9J&+AB0454()+89543+XOF+<)89+6A)&)89@47054)+&7+76(83+8954B0+>59)A((+7+%289@>+365=7054(3;+%&'()+

')+0'%12&3+45+C1(8=7H:+>71)=3I;+0@89263<)+45=I5&54()+8(2+6B1+7&&'(5I@05D+67GK7&'JG@GK+7&+8J8(5&3<JG@GK+

')+87CJ+G'J89)G')="+`15+3'@8=54(5+676A504)%7+76(83+0I5HG(07HG(+>()8'54(4@+7+&54@>+8=I5&'()+GK)>(G'4@>;+

086BIG'@44(=(+0(A(514)+670(44@+C@:+&7CA54)+95=;+5C@+7&670(5&5I@+67895G(+679)4G<5IB0+>(2&'@+>71)=315A4@GK+

678'G')%B14@GK+ 83C8954G<(+ GK)>(G'4@GK;+0GK7&'JG@GK+0+8=I5&+>()8'54(4@"+ L5=+0(&5:+'+67895G(+ '51)?47HG(+

!"bT$;+086BIG'@44(=(+0(A(514)+<5=()+0@4(=5<J+'+0I5HG(07HG(+AB0454(5+89543+XOF;+670895<J+<5=7+7=A)H174)+

=7>C(45G<)+895I@GK;+=9BA)+65A5>)9A@'3<J+AB0454()"+

g9J&;+ =5?&5+ 67895:+ AB0454(5+ XOF;+ 7&670(5&5<JG5+ 7=A)H174)<+ =7>C(45G<(+ 0()1=7HG(+ 65A5>)9A@'3<JG@GK+

AB0454()+7&670(5&5:+C2&'()+7=A)H174)<+%A36()+>()8'54(4+7+67&7C4@>+8=I5&'()+GK)>(G'4@>;+95=(>;+=9BA)%7+

0I5847HG(+%A3670)+76(8@054)+8J+6A')'+')86BI+65A5>)9AB0+3?@9@GK+0+AB0454(3"+U51)?@+8(2+AB04()?+867&'()05:;+

?)+676A5047H:+AB0454(5+'51)?):+C2&'()+7&+'5=A)83+G(H4()4(5+ %2897HG($+>()8'54(4@"

F+ 0@4(=3+ &79@GKG'5870@GK+ C5&5D+ 76A5G7054@GK+ '7895I7+ 8')A)%+ 65A5>)9A@'5G<(+ AB0454(5+ XOF"+ U5+

678'G')%B14)+ 65A5>)9A@'5G<)+ 8=I5&5<J+ 8(2+ 05A97HG(+ 895I@GK+ 65A5>)9A@'3<JG@GK+ #;+ $;+ %+ (+ &+ 7A5'+ 0()1=7HG(+

=70713>)4B0+ >7170@GK+ !i"+ L5=+ 0@4(=5+ '+ 0I5847HG(+ AB0454(5+ XOF;+ =9BA@GK+ (1389A5G<J+ <)89+ A7'0(4()G()+

0+8')A)%+f5@17A5;+678'G')%B14)+65A5>)9A@'5G<)+AB0454(5+XOF+7&670(5&5:+C2&J+>()8'54(47>+7+&54@>+9@6()+

8=I5&3+GK)>(G'4)%7+7A5';+'5GK703<J+676A5047H:+0+7=A)H174@>+6A')&'(51)+'>(54+%2897HG(+>5870@GK;+G(H4()D+

(+9)>6)A593A+A7'659A@054@GK+>()8'54(4+ 6A7&3=9B0+&)9745G<(+(+0@C3GK3$"+

dA50(&I70)+ 7=A)H1)4()+ '5=A)83+05?47HG(+ &54)<+ 65A5>)9A@'5G<(+XOF+ <)89+ 67&8950J+ &7+ 3'@8=54(5+0@87=()<+

&7=I5&47HG(+0@4(=B0+7C1(G')D+0@=7454@GK+6A'@+<)<+0@=7A'@8954(3"

6.2. #$%$&'(%)*$+,'-%./0$01$-BKW

d7895:+ AB0454(5+ XOF+ !"Y+ h+ !"Z$+ '56)04(5+ <)%7+ 7=A)H174J+ )1589@G'47H:+ (+ 8905A'5+ >7?1(07H:+ 95=()%7+

&76587054(5+ 65A5>)9AB0+ AB0454(5;+ 7C@+ 79A'@>@054)+ '51)?47HG(+ 67>(2&'@+ G(H4()4()>;+ %2897HG(J+>5870J+

7C<297HG(J+0I5HG(0J$+(+9)>6)A593AJ+7&670(5&5I@+GK5A5=9)A@89@=7>+V'@G'4@>+(+GK)>(G'4@>+A7'659A@054)<+

>()8'54(4@+A)5=9@04)<"

F+0@4(=3+&79@GKG'5870@GK+C5&5D+76A5G7054@GK+'7895I7+8')A)%+65A5>)9A@'5G<(+AB0454(5+XOF"+F+0(2=8'7HG(;+

G)1)>+6A5G+45&+&7C7A)>+086BIG'@44(=B0+XOF+C@I7+'56)04()4()+'%7&47HG(+7C1(G'54@GK+65A5>)9AB0+&)9745G<(+

'+&54@>(+&7H0(5&G'514@>(;+'0@=1)+'+67>()A'74@>(+05A97HG(5>(+6A2&=7HG(+&)9745G<("+i7?45+0@AB?4(:+9A'@+

86787C@+&7C7A3+05A97HG(+65A5>)9AB0+AB0454(5+XOF*

j$+]+%)7>)9A@G'4@\+6A'@+7=A)H154(3+05A97HG(+=70713>)4B0+>7170@GK+0@=7A'@89@054)+8J+&54)+&79@G'JG)+

%)7>)9A((+>71)=3I+678'G')%B14@GK+8=I5&4(=B0+>()8'54(4@\

W$+]+5&(5C59@G'4@\+05A97H:+=70713>)43+7&670(5&5<JG)%7+&54)<+83C8954G<(+GK)>(G'4)<+0@'45G'545+<)89+45+

67&8950()+6A')C()%3+5&(5C59@+3&)A')4(70)<+9)<+83C8954G<(\+

`$+ ]+ &)9745G@<4@\+ 65A5>)9A@+ AB0454(5+XOF+&7C()A54)+ 8J+ 95=;+ 5C@+ 3'@8=5:+ '%7&47H:+0@4(=B0+ 7C1(G')D+

'+)=86)A@>)49514()+7=A)H154@>(+05A97HG(5>(+65A5>)9AB0+&)9745G<(;+'0I58'G'5+'+6A2&=7HG(J+&)9745G<("

F+ 1(9)A593A')+ 6A')&8950(74@GK+ '7895I7+ 8')A)%+ >)97&+ 7=A)H154(5+ ')8950B0+ 65A5>)9AB0+ AB0454(5+ XOF"+

L5=7+ 45<C5A&'()<+ GK5A5=9)A@89@G'4)+ (+ >5<JG)+ 45<0(2=8')+ '45G')4()+ 6A5=9@G'4)+ 0@AB?4(>@+ 4589263<JG)+

65A5>)9A@'5G<)*

XOFki*+65A5>)9A@'5G<5+76A5G70545+6A')'+i5&)A5+PTR;

XOFk[*+A)65A5>)9A@'5G<5+76A5G7054(5+i5&)A5;+6A')&8950(745+45+.^h9@>+g@>67'<3>+`)9745G<(+PM#R

2 !"#$%&'(#)*!+&,-)./#0(.1'#23)()4&"&0#5"67)5#"03,8'&0(.1'8./)4"3,-!567)999

XOFkl*+34(0)A85145+ %)7>)9A@G'45$+>)97&5+&7C7A3+=70713>)4B0+PMMR

XOFka*+')8950+086BIG'@44(=B0+(+=70713>)4B0+XOF+'454@+<5=+aK))95K+PMTR

)*"+"!,-+./,.!"01"+"2-,+.3"4560789:;

d5A5>)9A@'5G<5+76A5G70545+6A')'+i5&)A5+<)89+45<895A8'J+867HAB&+65A5>)9A@'5G<(+XOF"+g678BC+&7C7A3+05A97HG(+

678'G')%B14@GK+ 65A5>)9AB0+ AB0454(5+ XOF+ 0+ 65A5>)9A@'5G<(+ XOFki+ 7=A)H1(:+ >7?45+ <5=7+ >()8'54@"+

F+6()A08'@>+6A'@C1(?)4(3;+05A97HG(+=70713>)4B0+7=A)H154)+C@I@+45+67&8950()+%)7>)9A@G'4)<+(49)A6A)95G<(+

0@>(5AB0+>71)=3I+ <$"+d7&8950J+&7+7=A)H1)4(5+05A97HG(+=70713>)43+C@I+0@65&=70@+6A7>()D+>71)=3I@"+

U589264()+05A97H:+=70713>)43+0@'45G'547+')+0'7A3+

( )33

446,10 ARk π=

, !"bY$

%&'()*+RA+]+6A7>()D+>71)=3I@+0+m4%89A)>5GK"+

`15+8')A)%3+83C8954G<(;+05A97HG(+=70713>)4B0+7=A)H174)+>)97&J+%)7>)9A@G'4J+C@I@+4589264()+0)A@V=7054)+

676A')'+67AB0454()+'+&54@>(+0@4(=5<JG@>(+3&)A')4(70)%7+86A2?54(5+678'G')%B14@GK+83C8954G<(+GK)>(G'4@GK"+

[7'659A@0547+5&(5C59@+3&)A')4(70)+%IB04@GK+8=I5&4(=B0+6A7&3=9B0+&)9745G<(+(+0@C3GK3*+l#e;+ae;+U#;+l#"+

F+ 95C)1(+ !"b+ 6A')&8950(74)+ '7895I7+ 67AB0454()+ 05A97HG(+ =70713>)4B0+ 0@'45G'74@GK+ 45+ 67&8950()+

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&7H0(5&G'514@>("+

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