†gwKs G gvK© - WIPO · g~j¨evb m¤ú`| †KvKv-‡Kvjv ev IBM-Gi gZ we‡k¦i me‡P‡q bvg...

¶z̀ ª I gvSvwi wkí cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨†UªWgvK© welqK cÖv_wgK aviYv

†gwKs G gvK©

1e¨emv‡qi †¶‡Î†gav m¤ú` MÖš’gvjv

1. †gwKs G gvK© : ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkí cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ †UªWgvK© welqK cÖv_wgK aviYv|

WIPO cÖKvkbv bs 900|

2. jywKs ¸W : ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkí cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ BÛvw÷ªqvj wWRvBb welqK cÖv_wgK aviYv|


3. Bb‡fw›Us `v wdDPvi : ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkí cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ †c‡U›U welqK cÖv_wgK aviYv|


4. wµ‡qwUf G·‡cÖkb : ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkí cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ KwcivBU welqK cÖv_wgK aviYv|

WIPO cÖKvkbv bs 918| (Avmbœ)hveZxq cÖKvkbv cvIqv hv‡e WIPOÕi B-eyKm‡c, hvi wVKvbv: www.wipo.int/ebookshop

Ôe¨emv‡qi †¶‡Î †gav m¤ú`Õ MÖš’gvjvi Ab¨vb¨ cÖKvkbv

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mZK©Zvg~jK †NvlYv t GB wb‡`©wkKvq Aš—f©y³ Z_¨ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †ckvMZ AvBwb mnvqZvi weKí wKQzbq| welqe¯‘ m¤úwK©Z †gŠwjK aviYv cÖ`vbB GB wb‡`©wkKvi D‡Ïk¨|

WIPO ¯^Z¡ (2006) AvBbvbyM AbygwZ e¨ZxZ, KwcivBU ¯^Z¡vwaKvixi wjwLZ AbygwZ Qvov GB cÖKvkbvi†Kv‡bv AskB B‡j±ªwbK¨vwj ev g¨vKvwbK¨vwj, †h †Kv‡bv AvKvi ev fv‡e cybi“rcv`b ev weZiY Kiv hv‡ebv|

This publication has been translated and reproduced with the permission of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the owner of the copyright, on the basis of the original English language version. The Secretariat of WIPO assumes no liability or responsibility with regard to the translation and transformation of the publication.

This translated publication was financed under the EU-WIPO Intellectual Property Rights Project for Bangladesh

1

Kvwgj Bw`ªmgnveë¯’vcK, wek¦ †gav m¤ú` ms¯’v

f ~ w gK v

GB wb‡`©wkKv Ôeëmv‡qi †¶‡Î †gav m¤ú`Õ MÖš’gvjvi cÖ_gwb‡`©wkKv| †h †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi gv‡K©wUs I eªvwÛs †KŠk‡ji g~j †hDcv`vb †mB †UªWgvK©-Gi IciB GB wb‡`©wkKv mxgve×|

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Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z WIPO GB wb‡`©wkKv Av‡iv cwigvwR©Z Ki‡Z †h†Kv‡bv gZvgZ‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡”Q|

RvZxq cÖwZôvb I ¯’vbxq Askx`vi‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq GB wb‡`©wkKviwbw`ó †`k Dc‡hvMx ms¯‹iY Dbœqb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †`k Dc‡hvMxms¯‹iY cÖ¯‘‡Zi Kv‡R GB wb‡`©wkKv¸‡jvi Kwc msMÖn Ki‡Z

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cY¨ ev †mev Avjv`v Kivi Kv‡R eëüZ ¯^Zš¿†h †Kv‡bv kã, eY©, msL¨v, AsKb, Qwe,AvK…wZ, iO, †jv‡Mv UvBc, †gvoK ev G¸‡jvimswgkªY †UªWgvK© wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡Z cv‡i|†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †`‡k weÁvc‡bi †¯-vMvb I†UªWgvK© wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq Ges RvZxq†UªWgvK© Awd‡m †UªWgvK© wn‡m‡e †m¸‡jvwbewÜZ n‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK †`k †UªWgv‡K©i†¶‡Î Kg cÖ_vMZ aiY, †hgb GKiO,wÎgvwÎK wPý (c‡Yï AvKvi ev †gvoK),kªeY‡hvM¨ wPý (kã) ev NÖvY msµvš— wPý(NÖvY) BZ¨vw` wbeÜ‡bi AbygwZ †`q| Z‡e,†UªWgvK© wn‡m‡e wK wK wbewÜZ n‡Z cv‡i †mwel‡q AwaKvsk †`k GKwU gvb`Ê wba©viYK‡i‡Q, mvaviYZ †mB wPý ev cÖZxK¸‡jviBAbygwZ cÖ`vb Kiv nq †h¸‡jv †Pv‡L †`Lv hvqev bKkvi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq|

1. †UªWgvK©

D`vnib

†mŠR‡b¨ : Bqvû!

†jv‡MvUvBc :

†c½yBb eyKm wjwg‡U‡Wi AbygwZ mv‡c‡¶eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q

†jv‡MvUvB‡ci m‡½ e‡Y©i wgkªY :

© 1986 Wwe-D Wwe-D Gd-Iqvì© IqvBW dvÛ di†bPvi (c~e©Zb Iqvì© IqvBìjvBd dvÛ) ® Wwe-DWwe-D Gd wbewÜZ †UªWgvK© ¯^Z¡vwaKvix

wÎgvwÎK gvK©v (c‡Yï AvK…wZ)

Ue‡jib ® µvdU dzWm MÖyc © 1986-GiGKwU wbewÜZ †UªWgvK©

4

†UªWgv‡K©i D‡Ïk¨ Kx?†UªWgv‡K©i cÖavb KvR n‡”Q †fv³v‡K GKwUwbw`©ó †Kv¤úvwbi cY¨ kbv³ (‡mUv gvjvgvjev †mev) Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiv, †hb †m Ab¨vb¨cÖwZ‡hvMx cÖwZôv‡bi mieivn Kiv ûeû evGKB ai‡bi cY¨¸‡jv †_‡K †mUv Avjv`vKi‡Z cv‡i| GKwU wbw`©ó c‡Yï Ici mš‘ó†fv³v fwel¨‡Z AveviI H cY¨ wKb‡Z eveënvi Ki‡Z AvMÖnx _v‡K| G Kvi‡YZv‡ì, ûeû ev GKB ai‡bi cY¨ †_‡K†m¸‡jv mn‡R Avjv`v Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq|

cÖwZ‡hvMx cÖwZôvb †_‡K †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv‡KZv‡ì wb‡R‡ì bvg I cY¨¸‡jv Avjv`vKivi ¶gZv m„wó K‡i †UªWgvK© GKwU†Kv¤úvwbi eªvwÛs I gv‡K©wUs †KŠk‡j wbqvgKf~wgKv cvjb K‡i, †fv³vi †Pv‡L †Kv¤úvwbic‡Yï fveg~wZ© I mybvg m„wó‡Z Ae`vb iv‡L|†Kv¤úvwbi fveg~wZ© I mybvg M‡o †Zv‡jAv¯’v, †hUv AbyMZ †fv³v‡kªYx cÖwZôvi wfwËGes GB wek¦vm ev Av¯’v †Kv¤úvwbi mybvge„w× K‡i| †fv³viv cÖvqk wbw`©ó wKQz†UªWgv‡K©i m‡½ Avbyf~wZK m¤úK© M‡o†Zv‡j, Avi GB m¤úK© M‡o I‡V g~jZ GRvZxq †UªWgvK© m¤^wjZ c‡Yï Kvw•¶Z gvbI êwk‡óï Ici wfwË K‡i|

†Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv‡K Zv‡ì c‡Yï gvb eRvqivL‡Z ev Dbœq‡b wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z DrmvwnZK‡i †UªWgvK©, †hb evRv‡i Zv‡ì †UªWgvK©m¤^wjZ cY¨ ¸‡jvi BwZevPK mybvg eRvq_v‡K|

†UªWgv‡K©i g~j¨mZK©fv‡e wbe©vwPZ I cÖwZcvwjZ GKwU †UªWgvK©AwaKvsk †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ GKwU g~jëvbeëmvwqK m¤ú`| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi†¶‡Î GUv Zv‡ì AwaKv‡i _vKv me‡P‡qg~jëvb m¤ú`| †KvKv-‡Kvjv ev IBM-Gi gZwe‡k¦i me‡P‡q bvg Kiv †UªWgv‡K©i g~j¨gvb 50wewjqb Wjv‡iiI †ewk| Gi KviY n‡”Q†fv³viv †UªWgvK© I Gi mybvg, fveg~wZ© Ges†mB gvK©v mswk-ó Kvw•¶Z ¸Ygvb‡K ¸i“Z¡ †`qGes †mB †UªWgvK© m¤^wjZ c‡Yï †¶‡Î †ewkcqmv w`‡Z ivwR _v‡K, †hUv‡K Zviv kbv³Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †hUv Zv‡ì AvKv•¶v c~iYK‡i| myZivs, BwZevPK fveg~wZ© I mybvgmnGKwU †UªWgv‡K©i gvwjKvbv †h †Kv‡bvcÖwZôvb‡K Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZ‡hvMx cÖwZôvb †_‡KGwM‡q iv‡L|

†mŠR‡b¨ : AvB we Gg W‡qPj¨vÛ wRGgweGBP

†Kb Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwb Zvi †UªWgvK© i¶vKi‡e?cÖwZ‡hvMx cÖwZôvb †_‡K wb‡R‡ì cY¨ Avjv`vKi‡Z †UªWgvK© eënv‡ii ¸i“Z¡ AwaKvskeëmvwqK cÖwZôvb Abyaveb Ki‡jI wbeÜ‡bigva¨‡g †UªWgvK© myi¶vi ¸i“Z¡ A‡b‡KB wVK fv‡eDcjwä K‡i bv|w

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†UªWgvK© :

mswk-ó †UªWgvK© AvB‡bi Aax‡b wbeÜb, Avcbvi†Kv¤úvwb‡K GKB bv‡g ev weåvwš—Kifv‡e GKBgvK©vq ûeû ev KvQvKvwQ gv‡bi cY¨ wecY‡bAb¨vb¨ †Kv¤úvwb‡K cÖwZnZ Kivi GK”QÎAwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i|

†UªWgvK© wbeÜb Qvov GKwU cY¨ wecY‡bAvcbvi wewb‡qvM e„_v †h‡Z cv‡i, KviYcÖwZØ›Øx cÖwZôvb ûeû ev GKB ai‡bi c‡Yï†¶‡Î GKB ev weåvwš—Kifv‡e GKB gvK©veënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i| hw` †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡hvMxcÖwZôvb GKB ev ûeû †UªWgvK© eënvi K‡iZvn‡j †fv³v Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi cY¨ g‡b K‡icÖwZØ›Øx cÖwZôv‡bi cY¨ wK‡b VK‡Z cv‡i| GAe¯’v †Kej Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi gybvdv n«vm ev†fv³v‡ì g‡a¨ weåvwš— m„wóB Ki‡e bv,cvkvcvwk †Kv¤úvwbi mybvg I fveg~wZ©I ¶zbœKi‡e, we‡kl K‡i cÖwZ‡hvMx cÖwZôv‡bi cY¨ hw`wbK…ó gv‡bi nq|

†UªWgv‡K©i g~j¨ Ges evRv‡i GKwU c‡YïmdjZv wba©vi‡Y †UªWgv‡K©i †h ¸i“Z¡ Zvwe‡ePbvq wb‡q GUv wbwðZ Kiv AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©†h †UªWgvK©wU mswk-ó evRv‡i wbewÜZ n‡q‡Q|

cvkvcvwk, Ab¨vb¨ †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv‡K GKwUwbewÜZ †UªWgvK© eënv‡ii AbygwZ cÖ`vb LyeBmnR| Gfv‡e †UªWgvK© Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbiAv‡qi GKwU AwZwi³ Drm wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZn‡Z cv‡i Ges d«vÂvBwRs Pzw³i wfwËI n‡Zcv‡i|

gv‡S-g‡a¨, Avw_©K cÖwZôvb †_‡K A_© cvIqvi†¶‡Î †fv³v‡ì g‡a¨ `vi“b mybvg Av‡Q Ggb

GKwU †UªWgvK© eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, we‡klK‡i †hme Avw_©K cÖwZôvb eëmvwqK mvd‡jïRb¨ eªv‡Ûi ¸i“Z¡ m¤ú‡K© LyeB m‡PZb|

†fv³viv †hb c‡Yï g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Ki‡Zcv‡i Zv wbwðZ K‡i;

†Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv‡K Zv‡ì cY¨ Avjv`v Kivi¶gZv cÖ`vb K‡i;

gv‡K©wUs Uzj Ges GKwU eªv‡Ûi fveg~wZ© Imybvg m„wói wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i;

iq¨vjwUi gva¨‡g Av‡qi mivmwi Drmm„wó‡Z jvB‡mÝ †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i;

d«vÂvBR Pzw³i †¶‡Î GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y©Dcv`vb;

g~jëvb eëmvwqK m¤ú` n‡Z cv‡i;

c‡Yï gvb eRvq ivLv I Dbœq‡b†Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv‡K wewb‡qv‡M DrmvwnZ K‡i;

A_©ms¯’v‡b mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i|

6

2. †UªWgvK© i¶v

wKfv‡e Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwb †UªWgvK© myi¶vKi‡Z cv‡i?wbeÜ‡bi gva¨‡g †UªWgvK© myi¶vi AwaKvicvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i A_ev †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †`‡k†UªWgvK© eënv‡ii gva¨‡gI G AwaKvi cvIqvhvq| hwÌ eënv‡ii gva¨‡g †UªWgvK© myi¶vKiv hvq, ZviciI Avcbv‡K RvZxq †UªWgvK©Awd‡mi gva¨‡g Dchy³ Av‡e`bcÎ c~iY K‡i†UªWgvK© wbeÜ‡bi mycvwik Kiv n‡”Q (†Kv‡bv†Kv‡bv †UªWgvK© Awd‡mi AbjvBb wbeÜb digi‡q‡Q)| †UªWgvK© wbeÜb GKwU †Kv¤úvwb‡KZvi †UªWgvK© i¶vi AvBbMZ wfwË cÖ`vb K‡i,we‡kl K‡i hLb ûeû ev GKB ai‡biweåvwš—Ki †UªWgv‡K©i †¶‡Î we‡iv‡ai m„wó nq|†UªWgvK© wbeÜ‡bi Rb¨ GKRb †UªWgvK©G‡R‡›Ui mnvqZv KLbI KLbI †ek mnvqKn‡Z cv‡i (†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î GUveva¨Zvg~jK)|

Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi eëmvwqK bvg (†UªW†bg) wbeÜb wK h‡_ó?A‡b‡K wek¦vm K‡ib †h, †iwRw÷ª Awd‡m Zv‡ìeëmv I eëmvwqK bvg (†UªW †bg) wbeÜbKi‡jB GB bvg Avcbv AvcwbB †UªWgvK©wn‡m‡e myiw¶Z n‡e| GUv LyeB fyj aviYv|eëmv‡qi bvg I eëmv‡qi gvK©v ev †UªWgv‡K©ig‡a¨ cv_©KÜv Rvbv LyeB Ri“wi|

eëmv‡qi bvg n‡”Q Avcbvi eëmv cÖwZôv‡bic~Y©v½ bvg, †hgb : Ôe-̈vKgvK© B›Uvib¨vkbvj wj:ÕGes GB bvg Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwb‡K kbv³ K‡i| GRvZxq bvg cÖvqk wj:, BbK: ev GKB ai‡biAb¨vb¨ msw¶ßKiY k‡ãi gva¨‡g †kl nq GesAvcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi AvBbMZ PwiÎ cÖKvk K‡i|

Ab¨ w`‡K, †UªWgvK© n‡”Q GKwU wPý ev cÖZxK†hUv Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi cY¨ ¸‡jv‡K Avjv`vK‡i| GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi A‡bK¸‡jv †UªWgvK©_vK‡Z cv‡i| †hgb, e-̈vKgvK© B›Uvib¨vkbvj wj:Zvi GKwU cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z cv‡i e-̈vKgvK©wn‡m‡e, Ab¨ GKwU †iWgvK© wn‡m‡e| GKwUwbw`©ó †UªWgvK© eënvi K‡i GKwU †Kv¤úvwb ZvihveZxq cY¨, GKwU wbw`©ó ai‡bi me cY¨ evGKwUgvÎ wbw`©ó cY¨ wPwýZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| †Kv‡bv†Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb Zvi eëmvwqK bvg ev Gi Askwe‡kl †UªWgvK© wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡i _v‡K| G†¶‡Î Zv‡ì‡K GB bvg ev Gi Ask we‡kl†UªWgvK© wn‡m‡e wbeÜb Ki‡Z n‡e|

†UªWgvK© wbeÜb Av‡e`‡bi AwaKvi Kvii‡q‡Q?mvaviYZ †h †Kv‡bv e¨w³ †UªWgvK© wbeÜ‡bi RbÄv‡e`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib, whwb †UªWgvK©wU eënviKi‡Z AvMÖnx _v‡Kb ev B”Qv cÖKvk K‡ib †hZ…Zxq †Kv‡bv c¶ Zvi †UªWgvK©wU eënvi Ki“K|Av‡e`bKvix n‡Z cv‡i GKRb e¨w³ ev GKwUAvBbMZ ¯^Z¡v|GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi †UªWgvK© wbeÜb wKeva¨Zvg~jK?hwÌ GUv eva¨Zvg~jK bq, Zey civgk© n‡”Q†UªWgvK© †hb wbeÜb Kiv nq| KviY, wbeÜbB†UªWgv‡K©i A‰ea eënvi cÖwZ‡iva Kivi GK”QÎAwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i|w

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†R‡bwiK Uvg©m : D`vniY wn‡m‡e, hwÀvcbvi †Kv¤úvwb †Pqvi wewµi Rb¨ Ô†PqviÕbv‡g †UªWgvK© wbewÜZ Ki‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j GUvcÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡Z cv‡i, KviY Ô†PqviÕ n‡”Q Hc‡Yï †R‡bwiK bvg|

†WmwµcwUf Uvg©m : G¸‡jv †mB kã †h¸‡jvc‡Yï eY©bv w`‡ZB eëmv‡q eëüZ nq |D`vniY wn‡m‡e, P‡Kv‡jU evRviRv‡Zi†¶‡Î ÔmyBUÕ bv‡gi †UªWgvK©wU cÖZ¨vL¨vZn‡Z cv‡i, KviY GUv c‡Yï eY©bv cÖ`vbK‡i| Avm‡j, GKwU gvÎ P‡Kv‡jUDrcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb‡K Zv‡ì cYëvRviRv‡Z ÔmyBUÕ kãwUi Ici GK”QÎAwaKvi cÖ`v‡bi welqwU Ab¨vh¨ e‡jwe‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i| GKBfv‡e, ¸YevPK evcÖksmvm~PK kã †hgb, Ôi¨vwcWÕ, Ô†e÷Õ,ÔK¬vwmKÕ ev ÔB‡bv‡fwUfÕ BZ¨vw` kã¸‡jvie¨vcv‡iI GKB ai‡bi Awf‡hvM DV‡Z cv‡i,hw` bv †m¸‡jv wfbœ ¯^vZš¿¨g~jK †Kv‡bvgvK©vi Ask we‡kl nq| G †¶‡Î, GKwUmZK©Zvg~jK †NvlYv Aš—fy©³ Kiv cÖ‡qvRbn‡Z cv‡i, †hLv‡b ejv _vK‡e GB gvK©vi Hwe‡kl As‡ki Rb¨ †Kv‡bv GK”QÎ AwaKviPvIqv n‡”Q bv|

Av‡e`b evwZj nIqvi cÖavb KviY¸‡jvwK wK?†UªWgvK© wbe©vP‡bi mgq GUv Rvbv Ri“wi †h, †Kvb†Kvb †kªYxi wPý¸‡jv mvaviYZ wbeÜ‡bi Rb¨MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| †UªWgvK© wbeÜ‡bi Av‡e`bcÎmvaviYZ evwZj nq †hme Kvi‡Y, †m KviY¸‡jv‡KmvaviYfv‡e ejv ÔA¨vemwjDU MÖvDÛmÕ, G¸‡jvn‡”Q :

wW‡mwÞf †UªWgvK©m: G¸‡jv †mB†UªWgvK© hv c‡Yï aiY, gvb ev †f‡MvwjKcwiwPwZ wel‡q †fv³v‡K †avKv †`q evweåvš— K‡i| †hgb, ÔKvDÕ ev Mi“i Qwem¤^wjZ GKwU †UªWgv‡K©i Aax‡b gvR©vwibwecY‡bi Av‡e`b mvaviYZ cÖZ¨vL¨vZn‡e, KviY GUv †fv³v‡ì weåvš— Ki‡ee‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e, †h‡nZz †fv³iv GBgvK©v‡K `y»RvZxq c‡Yï m‡½B wgwj‡q†`L‡Z Af¨¯’ (†hgb, gvLb)|

Rbk„•Ljv ev ˆbwZKZv weiƒ× e‡jwe‡ewPZ gvK©v : ag© I ˆbwZKZvi me©RbMÖvn¨ ixwZ-weiƒ× e‡j we‡ewPZ †Kv‡bv kãI Aj¼iY mvaviYZ †UªWgvK© wn‡m‡ewbeÜ‡bi AbygwZ cvq bv|

cZvKv, KzjwPý, miKvwi Qvc, ivóª IAvš—R©vwZK ms¯’v¸‡jvi cÖZxK hv WIPO Gi Avš—RvwZ©K ey¨‡iv‡Z AewnZ Kivn‡q‡Q| mvaviYZ Avjv`v fv‡e wbeÜ‡bievB‡i|

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8

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9

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10

†UªWgvK© wbeÜb Ñ av‡c av‡c

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14

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16

D`vniY : †gwjÛv Kv‡jw±f gvK© eënvi K‡iBZvwji f¨v‡j wW bb Ges f¨v‡j wW †mvjÕi16wU Av‡cj Drcv`bKvix mgevq mwgwZi5200 Rb m`m¨ hviv 1989 mv‡j †gwjÛvKb‡mvwU©qvg cÖwZwôZv K‡i|

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18

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2. iO, evwb©k; Rs cÖwZ‡iv‡a I Kv‡Vi ¶q †iv‡a eëüZ wcÖRvi‡fwUf; Kvjvi¨v›Um;gW©v‡i›Um; Acwi‡kvwaZ cÖvK…wZK iRb; d‡q‡j eëüZ avZz Ges wPÎwkíx, †W‡Kv‡iUi,QvcvLvbv Ges wkíx‡ì eëüZ cvDWvi|

3. we-wPs wcÖcv‡ikb I †avjvB Kv‡R eëüZ Ab¨vb¨ e¯‘; †avqv‡gvQv, cvwjk, NlvgvRv GesGeivwmf wcÖcÖv‡ikb; mvevb, myMwÜ `ªe¨, †Zj, cÖmvabx, †nqvi †jvkvb; ùv‡Zi gvRb|

4. wkí KviLvbvq eëüZ †Zj I wMÖR; jyweª‡K›U; evBwÛs wcÖcv‡ikb; R¡vjvwb I Av‡jvK ùziK;†gvgevwZ Ges cÖ`x‡ci mj‡Z|

5. dvg©vwmDwUK¨vjm I †f‡Uwibvwi wcÖcv‡ikb; wPwKrmvi D‡Ï‡k¨ m¨vwbUvwi wcÖcv‡ikb;wPwKrmv Kv‡R Awf‡hvwRZ c_¨ eë¯’v welqK e¯‘, wkï‡ì Lv`¨; c-v÷vi, †Wªwms Dcv`vb;ùvZ MRv‡bv e‡Ü eëüZ Dcv`vb, `š— wPwKrmvq eëüZ †gvg; wWmBb‡dKU¨v›U;AwbóKi †cvKvgvKo/RxeRš‘, dv½vm wba‡bi wcÖcv‡ikb|

6. mvaviY avZz I Gi Lv`; avZz wbg©v‡Yi Dcv`vb; ¯’vbvš—i‡hvM¨ avZe feb; †ijjvBbwbg©v‡Y eëüZ avZz; we`y¨r Acwievnx Zvi Ges mvaviY avZzi Zvi; †jvnvi Kvievi, avZehš¿vs‡ki ¶z`ª ¶z`ª mvgMÖx; avZe cvBc I wUDe; wm›`yK; Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †kªYx‡Z Aš—f©y³ bqGgb mvaviY avZzi mvgMÖx; AvKwiK|

7. †gwkb I †gwkb Uzj; †gvUi I BwÄb (f~wg Dc‡hvMx hvb e¨ZxZ); †gwkb ms‡hvRK e¯‘I m¤cÖPvi Dcv`vb (f~wg Dc‡hvMx hvb e¨ZxZ); K…wl‡Z eëüZ nv‡Z PvwjZ bq Ggb hš¿;wWg Zv †`qvi BbwKD‡eUi|

8. nv‡Z Pvjbv Dc‡hvMx hš¿; Qzwi KuvUv-PvgP mvgMÖx; †iRi|9. êÁvwbK, †bŠPvjbv m¤úwK©Z, Rixc Kv‡R eëüZ, Av‡jvKwPÎ I wPÎavi‡Y

eëüZ, AcwUK¨vj, IRbhš¿, cwigvcK, ms‡KZ cÖ`v‡bi Kv‡R eëüZ, cix¶vKv‡h© eëüZ(Z`viwK), Rxeb euvPv‡Z I wk¶vKv‡R eëüZ mvgMÖx I hš¿; we`ÿr mÂvjb, iƒcvš—i, msMÖn Iwbqš¿‡Yi Kv‡R eëüZ mvgMÖx I hš¿; kã I Qwe aviY, weZiY ev cybiyrcv`‡b eëüZ mvgMÖx,g¨vM‡bwUK †WUv K¨vwiqvi, †iKwW©s wW¯‹; ¯^qswµq †fwÛs †gwkb Ges K‡qb ev gy`ªv cwiPvwjZ

29

mvgMÖxi K…r‡KŠkj; K¨vk †iwR÷vi, MYbv hš¿, Z_¨ cÖwµqvRvZ hš¿ Ges Kw¤úDUvi;AwMœwbe©vcK hš¿|

10. mvwR©K¨vj, †gwW‡Kj, †W›Uvj I †f‡U‡ibvwi mvgMÖx I hš¿, K…wÎg cv, †PvL GesùvZ; A‡_©v‡cwWK mvgMÖx; ¶Z¯’vb †mjvB‡qi mvgMÖx|

11. Av‡jv cÖ¾¡jb, Zvc Drcv`b, ev®ú Drcv`b, ivbœv, msi¶Y, ïKv‡bv, evqyPvjbv, cvwb mieivnGes m¨vwbUvwi D‡Ï‡k¨ eëüZ mvgMÖx|

12. hvbevnb; Rj, ¯’j I Aš—ix¶ Dc‡hvMx hv‡bi mvgMÖx|13. Av‡Mœqv¯¿; †Mvjvevi“` Ges †¶cbv¯¿; we‡ùviK; AvZmevwR|14. g~jëvb avZz I Gi Lv` Ges g~jëvb avZzi ˆZwi cY¨ ev g~jëvb avZzi AveiY w`‡q ˆZwi cY¨

hv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †kªYxfy³ bq; AjsKvi, g~jëvb cv_i; Nwo wbg©vY mswk-ó hš¿ I m~²mgqwbiƒcK mvgMÖx|

15. m½xZ mswk-ó hš¿cvwZ|16. KvMR, KvW©‡evW© Ges Gme Dcv`v‡b ˆZwi cY¨ hv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †kªYxfy³ bq; Qvcv‡bv mvgMÖx; eB

euvavB mvgMÖx; Av‡jvKwPÎ; †÷kbvwi; †÷kbvwii Kv‡R ev evwo‡Z eënvi ‡hvM¨ AvVv; wkíx‡ìDcv`vb; †cB›U eªvk; UvBcivBUvi Ges Awdm †÷kbvwi (Avmeve e¨ZxZ); wk¶v I cÖwk¶YKv‡R eëüZ Dcv`vb (mvgMÖx e¨ZxZ); †gvoKRvZKi‡Y eëüZ c-vw÷K Dcv`vb hv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv†kªYx‡Z Aš—fy©³ bq; Qvcvi nid; Qvcvi e-K|

17. ivevi, MvUvcvPv RvZxq ivevi, A¨vm‡e÷R RvZxq LwbR c`v_©, Aå Ges Gme Dcv`vbw`‡q ˆZwi cY¨ hv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †kªYx‡Z Aš—f©y³ bq; Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ eëüZ c-vw÷‡Ki QuvP;c¨vwKs I we`y¨r Acwievnx mvgMÖx, avZzi ˆZwi bq Ggb bgbxq cvBc|

18. Pvgov I K…wÎg Pvgov Ges Gme Dcv`vb w`‡q ˆZwi cY¨ hv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †kªYxfy³ bq,cïi Pvgov, Qvj; UªvsK I åg‡Yi e¨vM; QvZv, †iv`wbeviK QvZv I nuvUvi Qwo; PveyK, †Nvovim‡½ Mvwo Ry‡o †`qvi miÄvg Ges ch©vYKvi mvgMÖx|

19. wbg©vY mvgMÖx (AavZz); fe‡bi Rb¨ AavZz w`‡q ˆZwi cvBc; A¨vmdë, wcP I weUzwgb;AavZz wb‡q wbwg©Z ¯’vbvš—i‡hvM¨ evwo, †mŠa hv avZzi ˆZwi bq|

20. Avmeve, Avqbv, Qwei †d«g; KvV, KK©, bj LvMov, †eZ, PUv, wks, nvo, AvBfwi, wZwginvo, wSbyK, A¨vgevi, gy³v, †k¦Zg„wËKv Ges Gme Dcv`v‡bi weKí ev c-vw÷‡Ki weKíDcv`v‡b ˆZwi cY¨ hv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †kªYxfy³ bq|

21. M„nKvh© ev ivbœvNi mvgMÖx Ges cvÎ (g~jëvb avZz w`‡q ˆZwi bq ev G RvZxq avZziAveiYhy³ bq); wPi“wb I ¯úÄ; eªvk (†cB›U eªvk e¨ZxZ); eªvk ˆZwii Dcv`vb; †avqv‡gvQviD‡Ï‡k¨ eëüZ mvgMÖx; B¯úv‡Zi dvwj; Kvi“Kvh©nxb ev mvgvb¨ Kvi“Kvh© m¤^wjZ KuvP (fe‡beëüZ KuvP e¨ZxZ); Kuv‡Pi mvgMÖx, †cv‡m©wjb Ges gvwUi ˆZlRcÎ hv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †kªYxfy³bq|

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35. weÁvcb; eëmvq eë¯’vcbv; eëmvq cÖkvmb; Awdm Kvh©vw`|36. exgv; Avw_©K welq, A_©msµvš— welq; wi‡qj G‡÷U mswk-ó welq|37. feb wbg©vY; ms¯‹vi; ¯’vcbv †mev|38. †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM|39. hvbevnb; cY¨ †gvoKRvZ I msi¶Y, ågY Av‡qvRb|

†mevmg~n

22. `wo, myZv, Rvj, Zvey, Puv‡`vqv, Zv‡c©vwjb, e¯—v Ges e¨vM (Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †kªYxfy³ bq);c¨vW mvgMÖx (ivevi ev c-vw÷K e¨ZxZ); AcÖwµqvRvZ Auvkv‡jv e¯¿wkí mvgMÖx|

23. e¯¿wk‡í eëüZ myZv|24. e¯¿wkí I e¯¿wkí mvgMÖx hv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †kªYxfy³ bq; weQvbv I †Uwe‡ji Pvì|25. †cvkvK, RyZv, gv_vq eënvh©¨ mvgMÖx|26. wdZv I GgeªqWvwi, wieb I webywb; †evZvg, ûK, wcb, myB; K…wÎg dzj|27. Kv‡c©U, MvwjPv, g¨vU I g¨vwUs, jvB‡bvwjqvg I †g‡S XvKvi Ab¨vb¨ Kvco; †`qv‡j

Szjv‡bvi mvgMÖx (e¯¿RvZ bq)|28. †Ljva~jvi mvgMÖx; wRgb¨vw÷K Ges µxov mswk-ó mvgMÖx, hv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †kªYxfy³ bq;

wµmgvmwUª mvRv‡bvi miÄvg|29. gvsm, gvQ, †cvjwUª; gvs‡mi wbh©vm; ïK‡bv I ivbœv Kiv djg~j I kvKmewR; †Rwj,

R¨vg; wWg, `ya Ges `y»RvZ mvgMÖx; †fvR¨ †Zj I Pwe©|30. Kwd, Pv, †KvKv, wPwb, Pvj, kK©ivRvZxq Lv`¨, mv¸, K…wÎg Kwd; AvUv Ges wmwiqvj

†_‡K ˆZwi wcÖcv‡ikb, i“wU, †cw÷ª I Kb‡dKkbvwi, eid, gay, ¸o; C÷, †ewKscvDWvi; jeY; mwilv; wf‡bMvi, mm; gwiP; BZ¨vw`|

31. K…wlRvZ, D`¨vbRvZ I ebR cY¨ Ges km¨ hv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †kªYxfy³ bq; Rxeš— cï;ZiZvRv dj I kvKmewR; exR, cÖvK…wZK MvQ I dzj; cïLv`¨, gë|

32. weqvi; LwbR I evqevwqZ cvwb Ges Ab¨vb¨ bb-A¨vj‡KvnwjK cvbxq; djRvZ cvbxqI im; wmivc Ges †Kvgj cvbxq cÖ¯‘‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ wcÖcv‡ikb|

33. A¨vj‡KvnwjK †efv‡iR (weqvi e¨ZxZ)|34. ZvgvK; a~gcvb mvgMÖx; g¨vP|

31

`ªóe¨ : nvjbvMv` Z‡_ï Rb¨ †`Lyb

www.wipo.int/classifications/fulltext/nice8/enmain.htm Ges www.wipo.int/madrid/contact.html I‡qemvBU|

40. g¨v‡Uwiqvj i¶Yv‡e¶Y|41. wk¶v; cÖwk¶Y; we‡bv`b; µxov I mvs¯‹…wZK Kvh©µg|42. êÁvwbK I cÖvhyw³K †mev, M‡elYv I G mswk-ó wWRvBb; wkí mswk-ó we‡k-lY I

M‡elYv †mev; Kw¤úDUvi nvW©Iq¨vi I mdUIq¨vi wWRvBb I Dbœqb; AvBbMZ †mev|43. Lv`¨ I cvbxq mieivn †mev; A¯’vqx Avevmb †mev|44. wPwKrmv †mev; †f‡U‡ibvwi †mev; gvbyl ev cÖvYxi Rb¨ †mŠ›`h©¨ †mev; K…wl, D`¨vb Ges

ebR †mev|45. e¨w³i cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z Ab¨vb¨‡ì cÖ`vbK…Z e¨w³MZ I mvgvwRK †mev; Rvb-gvj

myi¶vq wbivcËv †mev|

Rvbyqvwi, 2006-G wbm Pzw³i c¶ wQj 73wU †`k| †UªWgvK© wbeÜ‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †`k¸‡jv wbm†kªYxfy³KiY c×wZ cÖYqb I cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Q|

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www.wipo.int/sme/

gvw`ª` BDwbq‡bi m`m¨(Rvbyqvwi 2006 ch©š—)

mshyw³ 4

Avj‡ewbqv (G A¨vÛ wc)Avj‡Rwiqv (G)A¨vw›U¸qv I evigyWv (wc)Av‡g©wbqv (G A¨vÛ wc)A‡÷ªwjqv (wc)Aw÷ªqv (G A¨vÛ wc)AvRvievBRvb (G)evBivBb (wc)†ejvi“k (G A¨vÛ wc 1)†ejwRqvg* (G A¨vÛ wc)fyUvb (G A¨vÛ wc)emwbqv I nv‡R©‡Mvwfbv (G)eyj‡Mwiqv (G A¨vÛ wc)Pxb (G A¨vÛ wc)†µv‡qwkqv (G)wKDev (G A¨vÛ wc)mvBcÖvm (G A¨vÛ wc)†PK wicvewjK (G A¨vÛ wc)†W‡gvµvwUK wccjÕm wicvewjK Ae-†Kvwiqv (G A¨vÛ wc)†WbgvK© (wc)wgki (G)G‡¯—vwbqv (wc)BD‡ivwcqvb KwgDwbwU (wc)wdbj¨vÛ (wc)d«vÝ (G A¨vÛ wc)

RwR©qv (wc)Rvg©vwb (G A¨vÛ wc)wMÖm (wc)nv‡½wi (G A¨vÛ wc)AvBmj¨vÛ (wc)Bivb (BmjvwgK wicvewjK Ae) (G A¨vÛ wc)Avqvij¨vÛ (wc)BZvwj (G A¨vÛ wc)Rvcvb (wc)KvRvL¯—vb (G)†Kwbqv (G A¨vÛ wc)wKiwM¯—vb (G)jvUwfqv (G A¨vÛ wc)†j‡mv‡_v (G)wj‡qP‡Ub‡÷Bb (G A¨vÛ wc)wj_ywbqv (wc)jy‡·gevM©* (G A¨vÛ wc)†gvbv‡Kv (G A¨vÛ wc)g‡½vwjqv (G A¨vÛ wc)g‡›U‡b‡MÖv (G A¨vÛ wc)gi‡°v (G A¨vÛ wc)†gvRvw¤^K (G A¨vÛ wc)bvwgweqv (G A¨vÛ wc)†b`vij¨vÛm* (G A¨vÛ wc)biI‡q (wc)†cvj¨vÛ (G A¨vÛ wc)cZ©yMvj (G A¨vÛ wc)wicvewjK Ae †Kvwiqv (wc)

wicvewjK Ae gj‡`vfv (G A¨vÛ wc)i“gvwbqv (G A¨vÛ wc)ivwkqvb †dWv‡ikb (G A¨vÛ wc)mvb gvwi‡bv (G)mvwe©qv (G A¨vÛ wc)wm‡qiv wjIb (G A¨vÛ wc)wm½vcyi (wc)†¯-vfvwKqv (G A¨vÛ wc)†¯-v‡fwbqv (G A¨vÛ wc)†¯úb (G A¨vÛ wc)my`vb (G)†mvqvwRj¨vÛ (G A¨vÛ wc)myB‡Wb (wc)

myBRvij¨vÛ (G A¨vÛ wc)wmwiqvb Avie wicvewjK (G A¨vÛ wc)ZvwRwK¯—vb (G)†g‡mv‡Wvwbqv (G A¨vÛ wc)Zzi¯‹ (wc)Zy‡K©‡gwb¯—vb (wc)BD‡µb (G A¨vÛ wc)hy³ivR¨ (wc)hy³ivóª (wc)DR‡ewK¯—vb (G)wf‡qZbvg (G)Rvw¤^qv (wc)

(G) A_© n‡”Q G Pzw³i GKwU c¶(wc) A_© n‡”Q G cÖ‡UvK‡ji GKwU c¶

* †ejwRqvg, jy‡·gevM© ev †b`vij¨vÛmAvjv`vfv‡e myi¶vi Av‡e`b bv K‡i GBwn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i (†e‡bjvK·) Av‡e`bK‡i c~iK ev ¯^Zš¿ wd cÖ`v‡bi Ici|

`ªóe¨ :

nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i Rb¨ †`Lyb www.wipo.int/madrid/en/members/ I‡qemvBU|

WIPO Publication No. 900 BD (Bengali) ISBN 978-92-805-2090-3May 2006

For more information contact theWorld Intellectual Property OrganizationAddress:34, chemin des Colombettes P.O. Box 18CH-1211 Geneva 20SwitzerlandTelephone:+41 22 338 91 11Fax:+41 22 733 54 28e-mail:[email protected]

Visit the WIPO website at:www.wipo.intand order from the WIPO Electronic Bookshop at:www.wipo.int/ebookshop

or its SMEs Division at:Address:34, chemin des ColombettesP.O. Box 18CH-1211 Geneva 20SwitzerlandFax:+41 22 338 87 60e-mail:[email protected] page:www.wipo.int/sme

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