Slajd 1

Kwasy karboksylowe

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Slajd 2

Związki zawierające ugrupowanie karbonylowe

kwas karboksylowy ester

chlorek acylu

bezwodnik kwasowy

bromek acyluhalogenek acylu

amid

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Slajd 3

względna reaktywnośc pochodnych kwasów karboksylowych

rosnąca aktywność

chlorek acylu bezwodnik ester kwas karboksylowy amid

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Slajd 4

Kwasy karboksylowe reagują według tego samegomechanizmu

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Slajd 5

Nazewnictwo kwasówkarboksylowych

nazwa systematyczna:nazwa zwyczajowa:

kwas metanowykwas mrówkowy

kwas etanowykwas octowy

kwas propanowykwas propionowy

kwas butanowykwas masłowy

kwas pentanowykwas walerianowy

kwas heksanowy kwas propenowykwas akrylowy kwas benzenokarboksylowy

kwas benzoesowy

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Slajd 6

kwas α-chloropropanowy kwas γ-aminobutanowy

kwas β-metylobutanowy(kwas izowalerianowy)

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Slajd 7

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Slajd 8

Dimery kwasów karboksylowych stabilizowane wiązaniem wodorowym

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Slajd 9

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Slajd 10

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Slajd 11

najwięcej mniejnajmniej

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Slajd 12

Sole kwasów karboksylowych

beznoesan sodumrówczan sodu octan potasu

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Slajd 13

kwas karboksylowy silna zasada sól

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Slajd 14

sól odtworzony kwas

przykład

octan sodu kwas octowy

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Slajd 15

kwas octowy kwas chlorooctowy kwas dichlorooctowy kwas trichlorooctowy

kwas 4-chlorooctowy kwas 3-chlorooctowy kwas 2-chlorooctowy

mocniejszy kwas

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Slajd 16

alkohol alkoholan

kwas karboksylowy

anion karboksylanowy

ener

gia

stabilizacja anionu karboksylanowego

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Slajd 17

Estry

propanonian fenylu3-bromobutanonian

metylu cykloheksanokarboksylan etylu

octan etylu

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Slajd 18

kwas alkohol ester

przykład

kwas ftalowy ktalan dimetylu

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Slajd 19

protonowany kwas karboksylowy

Mechanizm estryfikacji katalizowanej kwasem

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Slajd 20

stabilizowane rezonansem ester

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Slajd 21

Aktywowanie kwasów karboksylowych

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Slajd 22

bezwodnik chlorosiarczanowy

Otrzymywanie chlorków kwasowych

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Slajd 23

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Slajd 24

lub

chlorek tionylu

chlorek oleilu

kwas oleinowy

kwas 3-fenylopropanowy

chlorek oksalilu

chlorek 3-fenylopropioilu

kwas 3-fenylopropanowy

przykład

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Slajd 25

kwas chlorek kwasowy ester

kwas benzoesowy chlorek benzoilu benzoesan etylu

lub

przykład

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Slajd 26

Estry cykliczne nazywane sąlaktonami

δ-kaprolakton β-butyrylolakton γ-butyrylolakton γ-kaprolakton

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Slajd 27

kwas diazometan ester metylowy

kwas cyklobutanokarboksylowy cyklobutanokarboksylan metylu

przykład

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Slajd 28

Reakcje estrówhydroliza

transestryfikacja

octan metylu kwas octowy

benzoesan metylu benzoesan etylu

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Slajd 29

Ta reakcja jest nieodwracalna

mechanizm hydrolizy estrów katalizowany jonem wodorotlenowym

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Slajd 30

aminoliza

propionian etylu N-metylopropionamid

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Slajd 31

Tłuszcze są triestrami glicerolu

tłuszcz glicerol sól sodowa kwasów tłuszczowychmydło

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Slajd 32

Amidy

etanoamidacetamid

4-chlorobutanoamidbenzenokarboksyamid

benzamid

cis-2-etylocykloheksanokarboksyamid

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Slajd 33

chlorek kwasowy amina amid

chlorek acetylu metyloamina N-metyloacetamid

przykład

Otrzymywanie amidów

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Slajd 34

kwas amina sól amonowa kwasu karboksylowego amid

kwas benzoesowy

etyloamina benzoesan etyloamoniowy N-etylobenzamid

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Slajd 35

Odwodnienie amidów

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Slajd 36

Hydroliza amidów

N-etyloacetamid

N-metylobenzamid

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Slajd 37

Reakcje bezwodników

bezwodnik octowy octan etylu kwas octowy

bezwodnik benzoesowy

bezwodnik propionowy

kwas benzoesowy

N-metylopropionamid

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Slajd 38

mechanizm przekształcenia bezwodnika w ester

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Slajd 39

kwas alkohol pierwszorzędowy

kwas fenylooctowy 2-fenyloetanol

przykład

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Slajd 40

chlorekkwasowy

aldehyd

kwas izobutanowy chlorek izobutyrylu aldehyd izobutylowy

przykład

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Slajd 41

kwas benzoesowy propylofenon

przykład

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