Note 2-4 KOC 3433

7/31/2019 Note 2-4 KOC 3433

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7/31/2019 Note 2-4 KOC 3433


7/31/2019 Note 2-4 KOC 3433


DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATIONCommon definition

“A process of sending messages to one another”

Other definition

“Communication is the transmitting of information, ideas, emotions,skill, etc., by the use of symbols-words pictures, figures, etc.

(Berelson & Steiner, 1964)

"The word communication, which is sometimes substituted for the

word inEnglish, communication, a word rooted Latin, communis,which means'the same'. So, when we communicate, we want tocreate an equation in

which we try to find or create a "similarity" with others "(Mansor Ahmad Summons, 1990

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Definition of Communication in

Organizations Creation and exchange messages in a network

of interdependent relationships to solve problems of environmental uncertainty

Gerald M.Goldhaber

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ELEMENTS AND COMMUNICATION PROCESS

Complete the communication process between the twocommunicators involves 11 elements:

sourceThe ideaencodedchannel

acceptanceDekod

comprehensionreceiver

Feedbackdisruption

environment

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ELEMENTS AND COMMUNICATION PROCESS

7 The following steps occur in derivatives of the communication process:

Source must have an ideaThis idea must be processed (encoded) in some form

The idea is to be transmitted (transmitted)This message must be received by the recipient

Recipient must interpret (dekod) message receivedThe message should be understood correctly

Recipients shall provide appropriate responses

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Bahan rujukan tambahan

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CHAPTER 2ORGANIZATIONS TO KNOW

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UNDERSTANDING COMMUNICATION IN ORGANIZATIONS

Communication within the organization is a process flow of information among individuals who were inter-related and influence

each other.

Communication within the organization can also be understood asthe transfer and sharing of information between individuals

characterized by a hierarchy or organizational hierarchy, formal and

informal.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF THEORGANIZATION

Organization formed and shaped by human beings have certaincharacteristics and most important is the objective to be achieved.

Among the characteristics that should be included in the organization:

Members of a group of individualsThere is coordination

Have its activity There is a hierarchy of power

There are policies, procedures, rules and norms that guide the activitiesIt seems

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREStructure or form of organization to give an overview of the (line)and power levels (hierarchy of authority), chain

of command (chain of command) and therelationship work (work relationship) between a citizen of

another organization and structure can be seen on theorganization chart.

The following terms should be understood first:

Authority - the authority or a person's right to make decisions,directing or doing something.

Responsibility - the duty or obligation that must be done.

Accountability - the accountability of an employee to hissupervisor.

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TYPE OF AUTHORITY IN ORGANIZATIONSThere are three types of authority in an organization:

lines of authority Supervisors have the authority directly to the employees

Lines of authority and staff Staff members have no authority directly on the line, but can

onlyadvise or propose only.

functional authority

Staff member has authority over the line when working as asupervisor who has the authority line, for

example, when acting inthe duties of the supervisor or thehead.

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ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES

When organizations work, it must conform to theprinciples in the organization.

Scalar principleLines of authority and accountability must be clear.

Principles of Consolidation InstructionsEmployees must comply with the chain of command.

principles of delegationDistributed power or authority.

Ruling Principle of Accountability An employee shall be responsible for the task.

Principles Space ControlThe number of employees under the supervision of a

supervisor.

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ROLE OF THE FUNCTION OR ORGANIZATIONfunctions of the organization

Administration

planningimplementation valuation

monitoring

In carrying out the functions above, the course of an

organization is influenced by:

external factorsCapital, policy, legal, etc. demand.

internal factorsLeadership, communication, work skills, technology,

management,etc..

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COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT THEORY and

MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY

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What is Management by Objectives?

MBO relies on the defining of objectives for each employee and thento compare and to direct their performance against the objectives which have been set.

It aims to increase the performance of the organization by matchingorganizational goals with the objectives of subordinates throughoutthe organization. Ideally, employees receive strong input to identify their objectives, time lines for completion, etc.

MBO includes continuous tracking of the processes and to providefeedback to reach the objectives.

According to Drucker managers should avoid 'the activity trap',getting so involved in their day to day activities that they forget theirmain purpose or objective.

One of the concepts of MBO was that instead of just a few top-

managers, all managers of a firm should participate in the strategicplanning process, in order to improve the implementability of theplan.

Another concept of Management by Objectives was, that managersshould implement a range of performance systems, which aredesigned to help the organization to function well.

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Principles of Management by Objectives

Cascading of organizational goals andobjectives,

Specific objectives for each member,

Participative decision making,

Explicit time period, and

Performance evaluation and provide

feedback.

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Management by Objectives also introduced the SMART method for

checking the validity of the objectives, which should be 'SMART':

Specific

Measurable

Achievable

Realistic, and

Time-related.

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COMMUNICATION AND LEADERSHIP

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Effectiveness of a team depends on the

extent of carrying outeffectively the headof their leadership role.

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WORD OF WISDOMHaving a good leader is like having half the work

accomplished, even before the work is started.

Allahyarham Tun Dr. Ismail

The sign of a good leadership mainly appears amongthe followers.

Syed Othman Al-Habshi

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UNDERSTANDING LEADERSHIP

Various definitions of leadership as seen from variousangles.Leadership is seen as a process of humanity's influence followersin order to lead theirefforts towards goal achievement.

This process is highly dependent on effectivecommunication skills.In organizations, leaders must have the ability to deliver amessage to all the staff organization.Leader in an organization should also be able toinfluence their employees.Kepimpian process depends onthe integrity or credibilityyangdibentuk by anindividual / leader.

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LEADER CHARACTER Him as the leader of many

As the leader of many lifetimes

As many wise leaders As the leader of many ingenious

As the leader of many smart As the leader of many arifnya

As a noble leader budinya As the leader of many relanya

As the leader of many ikhlasnya As the leader of many Meekly As the leader of the noble seat

As the leader of many sedarnya As the leader of the success

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Proficiency CONCEPT AND EFFECTIVENESS Efficiency is doing the work the right way (do things right).

Efficiency is calculated by the following formula:

Efficiency = Outputinput

THREE ways to improve Efficiency :

A. Increase output at a fixed input.

Two. Reduce the input but the output set.Three. Increase output more than increasing inputs.

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LEADERSHIP STYLE There are many ways to classify leadership style and

one way is by looking at patterns of interaction betweenleaders and employees.

There are four styles of leadership:

Authoritarian leadershippaternalistic leadershipleadership involvementLaissez-faire leadership

Note 2-4 KOC 3433

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