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Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 1 -
Chairman
C. Lalrosanga
(943615-1168)
Editor
Lalrinthara Pachuau
( 986235-8768 )
Jt. Editor
Zothantluanga
(986239-9462)
K. Lallawmzuala
(986230-0576)
News Editor
Vanlaldinpuia
(943615-5739)
Members
Peter Lalsanga
P.C.Lalzoliana
Lalthangliana
Vanlalhuma
Lalchhuanawma
P.C.Lalrintluanga
Laldinpuia
Manager
Zothanliana
(986259-3245)
Publisher
Dr.R.Lalengmawia
(943619-6952)
Advisers
Revd. Chuauthuama
Lalnunsiama Colney
Vol. XXIX. No. 3 & 4
March & April, 2016
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- 2 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
Ed it or ia l
Kan dam a, kan ti nek nek a, |au thla kan lo kai leh ta reng mai. Kum 2016chhungin thla 3 pumhlum kan hmang zo ta der mai. Khang kan hun hmantawhah te khan thil \ha leh \ha lo tam tak kan ti tawh ngei anga,
chhinchhiahtlak tak tak te leh tuma hriat ve kan duh loh, miin an hre ve hlauh
ang tih kan hlauh ruk em em te pawh kan ti tel nawk tawh mai thei.
A enga pawh chu ni se, hmalama thil awmte bana, hnunglama kan tih dik loh
tawhte theihnghilha, hmasawn tuma beih fan fan chu kan tih tur a ni. Mihringte
min runtu ber chu kan nunhlui, kan lo chetsual tawhna te hi a ni duh hle.
Chutih hunah chuan mi chak lote chu an beidawng a, an tlu a, an nih tur ang
an nih loh phah fo. Chutihlaiin mi ropuite erawh chu an tlukna ata an thova,
an insiam \ha a, ahma aia chakzawkin an nung \hin.
Kan eizawnna leh zirna bakah kan mimal nunah harsatna eng emaw tal kan
tawk vek a, mahni harsatna \heuh hi lian berah kan dah vek bawk a. Hetih
hunah hian hmalam en tlata, beiseina nena mahni hmaa tih tur chhuak apiang
ti hmiah hmiah mai \hinte hi an hlawhtling \hin. Eng ang mi nge kan nih tih a
lan chhuahna ber chu harsatnaah hian a ni fo.
Kan zirna kawngah kan lo ti \ha duh vak lova, kan ti chhe ta hle a nih pawhin
beidawng lovang u. Hun kal tawh chu hun kal tawh nihtir ila, beiseina nen
bul i \an \ha leh ang u.
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Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 3 -
Kan environment humhalh ngai lem lo a i hriat chuan a hnuaia mi te hi han chhiar teh le ….
1. Toilet paper siam nan ringawt nitin thing 27,000 zet kih tluk a ni.
2. Aluminum hi chatuanin a recycle (siam\hat) theih a. Kum khat chhungin khawvel
pumpuiah aluminium bur (can) 8,00,00,00,00,00,000 (80 trillions) hmang ral ang
kan ni a. Aluminium bur khat recycle hian darkar 3 chhung TV en theihna tur energy
(electric current) kan hum (save) thei.
3. New York Times chanchinbu Sunday edition vawikhat tihchhuah nana an paper
hman atan ringawt hian thing 75,000 vel kih a ngai.
4. Kumpinu (United Kingdom)-a an chanchinbu (Newspaper) chhuah nana paper an
hman zawng zawng khu recycled paper vek a ni. Paper leh cardboard an recycle
avangin kum tin boruak \ha lo – greenhouse gases siamchhuah tur tonne nuai 110
(11 million) vel an tihtlem theih phah a ni. Chu chu car nuai 35 velin greenhouse
gases an pekchhuah ang hu a ni. Hetiang taka paper recycle nachang an hre tawh
chung hian paper leh carboard siam nan Wales ram tiat vel kum tin ram ngaw an la
tichereu tho a ni.
5. Paper tonne khat recycle hian thing puitling 17 vel kan chhanhim tluk a ni.
6. North America a cheng te khuan kum tin mi pakhatin paper kg 300 vel hmang zel
ang an ni a. Mi pakhat in kum khata a paper hman atan ringawt thing 465 kum tin
kih tluk ang a ni.
7. Paper bag hi plastic bag thlak nan thil \ha a ni chuang lo va. A chhan pawh paper
bag siam nan hian kum tin thing puitling nuai 140 vel kih tluk a ni. Tihdan \ha ber chu
a hman nawn reng theih avangin bag atan chuan puan hman hi a ni.
8. Plastic bag leh plastic a\anga thilsiam dang tuifinriat-a paih a tam lutuk avangin kum
tin tuifinriata nungcha awm maktaduai khat velin an thih phah.
9. Plastic hi kum 450 hnu ah a \awihral \an a, \awihral vek tur chuan kum 50 – 80 dang
a la mamawh.
-Dr. R.Lalengmawia
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- 4 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
10. Bazar nana plastic bag hman 1%
chauh hi recycle leh a ni.
11. Glass bottle hi \awihral (decompose)
turin kum 4,000 a ngai.
12. Glass bottle pakhat recycle hian
electric bulb darkar 4 tih enna tham
current a hum (save) zel.
13. Khawvela tui awm zawng zawng 1%
chauh hi kan hman theih a ni a, 97%
hi tuifinriat a niin, 2% hi Arctic vur
tlang a ni.
14. Kum tinin tropical forest a thilnung
50,000 vel hi mang (extinct) a chhut
a ni a, nitin 137 vel mang ral ang vel
a ni.
15. Minute tinin rainforests hi acres 100
vel vah chereu a ni.
16. Khawvela thing upa ber ber te hi
kum 4,600 vela upa an ni.
17. USA-a thir an paihral mai mai khuan
motor siamtu company zawng
zawng ten motor siam nana an thir
mamawh englai pawhin a chawm zo
reng.
18. California ah khuan kum 1987 a\ang
khan thil in chi (beverage) bur an
recycle \an a. Tunah hian bur
tluklehdingawn 120 vel an recycle
tawh a. An bur recycle tawh zawng
hian khawvel hi vawi 375 a
vetchhuak thei tawh.
19. California state-ah tho hian an tuipui
vaukam a plastic hnawmhnawk
thenfai nan dollar vaibelchhe thum vel
an hmang a ni.
20. Hnam changkangho khuan bazar nan
plastic bag hman an uar viau a niang.
Mi pakhatin 22,000 vel hmang ang
zel an ni. Khawvel pum huap chuan
kum tin plastic bag hi tluklehdingawn
13 vel siamchhuah a ni a. Mi
pakhatin kum tin plastic bag 300 vel
hmang ang kan ni.
21. Cellphone hman tawh loh a zinc awm
zawng hi lakhawm ta se, lawng (ship)
lian tawk a sak theih tawh.
22. USA-a cheng ten thla 3 chhunga
aluminium cane an paih tling khawm
ringawt hian an ram puma
thlawhtheihna an mamawh zawng
zawng siamna a daih.
23. USA khuan bawlhhlawh an ngah viau
a niang; an hnawmhnawk (garbage)
paih nana an hman motor hi kan lei
a\ang hian thla (moon) pan zawngin
boruakah intlar ta se, kawng chanve
lai an awh thei ang !
24. Kan thil ei ningnawi paih hian
methane a siam a, methane hi carbon
dioxide aiin a let 20 in boruak a tilum
nasa zawk.
25. Heti taka ram changkangho an chet
hautak lai hian khawvel mihring
tluklehdingawn khat leh vaibelchhe
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Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 5 -
sawmsarih zetin electric current an
la dawng pha lo va,
tluklehdingawn hnih leh a chanve
in inthiarna mumal la nei lovin mi
tluklehdingawn khat zetin chaw
puar tawkin an la ei pha lo.
Enge kan tih theih le?Enge kan tih theih le?Enge kan tih theih le?Enge kan tih theih le?Enge kan tih theih le?
Kan hriat reng atana \ha chu Sap \awnga 3R
an tih – Reduce, Reuse and Recycle hi a ni.
1.1.1.1.1. ReduceReduceReduceReduceReduce: A pawimawh hmasaber
chu mamawh tihtlem a ni. Inbual leh insukna,
hmai phihna, kutsilna leh ha nawhna chena
tui kan ren deuh khan kawngro a su nasa em
em a ni.
Light off nachang hriat a pawimawh hle.
Room chhuahsan dawnin light off \hin te, a
\ul hun chauhva TV leh tuilumna (geyser) on
te, computer games khelh tlem te hian nasa
takin energy kan save a lo ni.
Paper hman renchem hian thing kih tur tam
tak kih loh a nih phah a ni. Phek leh lam chauh
hman intihhmuh loh te, \ul lova lehkha inpek,
entirnan – mawhphurhna leh hriattirna dang
\awngka a inhrilh mai theih lehkha a inhriattir
kher ang chi te hi tihtlem tum ta ila.
Car leh two wheeler-a kal aiin bus-a chuan
uar ila, A \ha berah phei chuan ke a kal uar
ila. Ke a kal uar hi environment humhalhna
\ha tak a nih bakah hrisel nan a pawimawh
em em a ni. Zing taka exer lak (morning walk)
kher pawh hi a lo ngai lem lo. Chhunah pawh
ke a kal uar ila, hrisel nan thil \ha tak a ni.
Kan nunphung (lifestyle) hrim hrim pawh hi
environment tibuai lo zawng, eco-friendly
zawnga chet tum hram hram a \ul ta hle mai.
Ruai siam pawhin dispo plate leh dispo cup
kan hmang ta deuh zel mai a. A pack chi kan
ti ta zel bawk si nen. |awih ral- decompose
mai thei lo chi hi kan hmang nasa ta hle mai.
Nakina kan harsatna min thlentu tur awlsamna
hi kan ngah ta lutuk a ni.
Kan nitin mamawh hrim hrim hi nasa takin a
tihtlem theih bawk, Thawmhnaw, ei leh in,
lehkha zir nana kan hmanrua – ballpen leh
thil dang chenin. A sei dawn duh tawk phawt
ang.
2.2.2.2.2. ReuseReuseReuseReuseReuse: Vawi khat kan hmana kan
paih mai tam zawk hi chu hman nawn leh
theih thil a ni awm e. Thil kan lei khai nana
polythene bag kan hman te hi dah\ha in vawi
tam tak a hman nawn theih a ni. Polythene
bag te ngat phei hi chu \ul lovah hian kan in
pe hnem lutuk a. “A \ul lo ve” tih ngam a \ha
hle. Plastic chhia te pawh hi hmanna tur dang
zawn thiam a pawimawh hle. Thil eng pawh
mai hi a man a tlawm avanga a thar hman
tum lovin a hlui hi hman theih a la ni em tih leh
hman tlak a nih tawh loh pawhin thil dangah
a la hmantlak em tih chhut fo hi thil \ul tak a
ni awm e. Sawi thui tawh lo mai ang.
3.3.3.3.3. RecycleRecycleRecycleRecycleRecycle: Recycle lam hi chu mitinin
kan tih theih a ni lo deuh va. Amaherawhchu,
recycle tura dahhran nachang hriat hi kan
environment tihthianghlimna atana kan
\angkai theihna \ha tak a ni. Vai thirchhe
zawng, engahmaha kan ngaih loh te hian nasa
takin kan khawlai leh kawrh te an thianfai a
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- 6 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
lo ni. Aizawl bawlhhlawh paihna hmunpui –
Tuirial kamah khuan bawlhhlawh paih lo hai
a, plastic leh thir lam te, lehkhakhawng leh
buara te lakhawm a, eizawnna atana hmang
mi eng emaw zat an awm a. Kan en liam mai
mai lai hian Tuirial lui bawlhhlawh tur nasa
takin an lo thianfai reng mai a lo ni. An
hnathawh hi hriatpui leh fak an phu hle a ni.
Kan bawlhhlawh paih tur pawh hi –
segregation an ti a, thliar hran peih a
pawimawh tak zet a ni. Mumal takin
thliarhrang peih ila, tihral dan mumal takin tiral
ila chuan kar lovah kan environment hi kan
tithianghlim thei dawn a ni.
A tawp nan chuan mipui hi a hranpa in an
awm lo va, mimal te te in kan siam a nih
avangin mahni chauh pawhin chin dan \ha
ching lui tlat ila, chu chuan midang a kangkai
zel ang a, mipuiin kan zawm hun a awm mai
dawn a ni.
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Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 7 -
Hming pum : Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham BellAlexander Graham BellAlexander Graham BellAlexander Graham BellPian ni : 3 March, 1847Pianna hmun : Edinburg, ScotlandThih ni : 12 August 1922Thihna hmun : Nova Scotia, CanadaHriat hlawh nachhan : Invention of Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell, Telephonehmuchhuaktu tia kan hriat lar hi Edinburg,Scotland ah kum 1847 khan a lo piang a. Athlahtute hi \awng zirtirtu an ni a, amah pawhhian chu lam chu a tui ve hle nghe nghe. Chutia\awng (ri = sound) a zirna chuan telephone ahmuhchhuahna turah pawh hian kawngro asu thui hle a ni. A pa hi Alexander MelvilleBell a ni a, \awng zirna lama Professor a ni a,a nu hi Aliza Grace a ni. Unau pianpui mipapahnih a nei a, an tleirawl laiin T.B vangin anthi ve ve a ni. A pianpui hming chu AlexanderBell a ni a, a unaute an thih hnu hian an hmingangin Graham tih hi a hmingah hian a telh veta a ni.
A naupan lai hian a ute nen a pa hianin lamah lehkha a zirtir \hin a. A len deuh hnuinRoyal High School-ah a lut ve zuai a, zirlaizo lovin kum 15 mi niin a chhuahsan a. Kum1868-ah Matric chu a pass ve hram a ni.
Kum 1870-ah Canada-ah an pema. Ontario bialah an inbengbel a. Chutahchuan ram \in 10 hmuna zau an lei a. Tunhmaa in lo ding sate chu science experimenttihna hmun atan a chei \ha a. Chutah chuanElectric leh Sound inlaichin dan te chu chiangzawkin a rawn zir chho ta zel a.
Hetih lai hian a hma kum 30 chhungzet chu telegraph (morse code) hmangin thuan lo inthawn \hin a. Bell-a chuan chu aia
chiang leh \ha zawk,\awngka ngeiainbiak theih, electricsignal hmanga\awngka inthawntheih niin a ring a.Chumi atan chuan aresearch chu a bei tatlut tlut mai a ni. Sum
lama a harsatna chu Western UnionTelegraph Company chuan an rawn sponsorta bawk a.
Kum 1876, March ni 10 ah chuan\awngka ngei mai chu thawn theih, inbiaktheihin an siam chhuak ta a. Telephonehmanga mihring \awngka chhuak hmasa ber,‘Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you’tih chu hemi ni hian Alexander Graham Bellchuan Watsona (amah puitu, electricaldesigner) room lehlama awm mek koh nanchuan a hmang ta a ni.
Telephone tho hi hetih lai hian ElishaGray chuan a lo siam chhuak ve bawk a.Mahse vanneih asiamin Alexander GrahamBell chu Patent office-ah ama puala a siamchhuah ngei a ni tih nemnghet tura a thlenhmasak zawk avangin amah hi Telephonehmuchhuaktu nihna a pu ta zel a ni.
Alexander Graham Bell hianlawmman a dawng \hahnem hle a. Chungzinga a lar deuhte chu – Albert Medal(1902), John Fritz Medal (1907), ElliotCresson Medal (1912) te hi an ni.
Khawvel hmasawnna ropui takthlentu scientist ropui tak chu 12 Aug. 1922ah Nova Scotia, Canada-ah Diabetes natnaleh a kaihhnawih vangin khawvel a lochhuahsan ta a ni.
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- 8 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
Vawinah hetiang lam chanchin sawi a ngai fo \hin hi a pawi ka ti hle a, Pathian thuawih
kan nihna ang pawh in sawi sawi ngai lova keini tleirawl/rawlthar hote chu awm thei
awm tak kan ni a, mahse, kan u te, nu leh pa, pi leh pute pawn an zu/ei/hmuam \hin
miau a, tih ve ngei ngei tur emaw tih kha a awl viau reng ang. Hetiang ang chi ho hi mi
changkang lo leh mawl deuhte zingah a lar duh hle a, vaiho zingah pawh hian vai chhia
kan tih ho hian an uar hle a, a standard chin angah chuan an uar vak lo. Korean hote
pawh hian an ti ngai vak lo, chuvangte pawh chu a ni ang, an vun hi a eng phat asin, ngo
lem loah pawh hian a hriat khawp mai, a ti ngai miah lo mi chu mit hian a melh deuh vat
duh bik. Keini Mizote hi chuan zuk leh hmuam hi kan ti nasa hle a, kan rama mihring
tam fe zawk hian kan ti a ni. Hmanah te kha chuan fashion-ah, \hianten \hing min ti ang
tih hlauh vang te khan kan ti \hin a, a dik em em a, mahse, tunah chuan khang hun te kha
thil kal tawh a ni a, computer age-ah tunah chuan kan awm tawh a, vaihlo leh a product
ho tihna hunah keini ho chu kan awm tawh lo a ni.
Hmelma -Hmelma -Hmelma -Hmelma -Hmelma - Setana hian Pathian hi a do a, tih hmingchhiat te, tih mualpho te, etc. engtik
lai pawn a tum \hin a. Pathian pawh in chu chu a hria a, a do let ve \hin a ni. Keini
mihringte hi Setana chuan, Pathian tih zah nan, thil chi hrang hrang hmanga sual min tih
tir a tum \hin a. Pathian duh loh zawng leh huat zawng tak min tihtir hi englai pawhin a
tum ber a ni. Chutiang bawk in Setana hnathawh zawng zawng tihchhiat vek leh paih
bo vek hi Pathian tum ber a ni. Engatinge
Pathian chu engkim ti thei a ni si a, Setana
thil mai mai te chu minute khat chhung
lek pawn a paih bo vek mai loh, kan ti
mai thei, ni e, a ni alawm, mahse, Bible in
a sawi dan chuan Setana tana a hun tawp
siam ala thlen loh vang mai mai a ni, a
hun tawpah chuan meidil-ah a paih vek
dawn a ni. Manchester leh Arsenal team
te inkhel i en a, theihtawpin lehlam
lehlamah pet goal tumin ball an in chuh a,
hah tak leh chau hnepin, pet goal tam thei
zawk kha chak zawk an ni mai a, an in
khelh lai chuan an in nek sawk sawk a,
-Lalchhandama Colney
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Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 9 -
an in um a, mahse, an in khelh zawh chuan
hlim takin chibai te an in ti leh mai a, hetiang
ang hi chu hmelma (enemy) a ni lova, khingpui
(opponent) an ti a ni. Mahse, kan chhiat
vekna duhtu, hrehawm tak pawn awm ila,
lawm zawk tlat, kan hmel te pawh chhe vek
mahsela pawi ti lo, kan thih daih pawh pawi
ti lo, kan sawi zawh tak chiah Pathian leh
Setana ang hian, chung mite chu kan hmelma
dik tak te an ni. Hmelma chuan felna leh
\hatna a nei lo, a tawp thleng a/chhiat vek
thleng a sawi sa duh leh ti duh a ni.
VVVVVaihlo Chu Eng Ngeaihlo Chu Eng Ngeaihlo Chu Eng Ngeaihlo Chu Eng Ngeaihlo Chu Eng Nge -Vaihlo kan han tih
chuan, cigarette, meizial, tuibur, sahdah,
khaini, zarda, tiranga, gutkha product ho
chi reng reng kha chu a tel vek a ni. Heng
chi hote hi tih rei deuh hlek chuan eddict
nghal mai theih vek an ni a, lo chin \hin lak
lawh chuan sim leh mai a theih tawh lo a
ni. Heng hote hian kan hmel lan dan ringawt
pawh hi a tidanglam, tithimchual thei a,
hmel a ti chhe duh hle, tin, ka chhung vel
te pawh a ti \awp thei hle. Natna chi hrang
hrang – khuhbenvawn, pumpui lawng,
chaw ei tui lo, mit fiah lo, thaw hah, chak
lo, cancer-te kan taksa ah a siam thei a
ni. Mithiamte sawi dan chuan cigarette
tlawnkhat zel hian 8min zelin kan nunna a
ti reilo thei a ni an ti. Heng a hmuam chi
hote pawh hian a hmuam ve ngai lo te aiin
25% vel laiin an nunna a pawt tawi/ti tawi
thei a ni, an ti. Engngatinge chutiang nisi,
engtinmah kan va awm si lo ve, mite pawn
an zu/ei/hmuam a, engtinmah an awm loh
hi kan ti mai thei, ni e, a ni alawm, mahse,
vaihlo tur hnathawh dan chu vawi leh khat
a ti phut phut chi a ni lem lova, zawi muang
in, i taksaah a in khawl khawm zel ang a,
kum nga te an tlin meuh chuan phurrit an
siam \an ang che ang a, a buaithlak e mai,
ti tawp mai ang, i tih pawn a theih tawh si
lovanga, tui/peih tawh lo chung chung khan
i zu/ei/hmuam \hin anga, chutih hunah chuan
alo nih dawn tak hi a, i ti \an tawh anga, tih
tawp i tum em em pawn a harsa hle tawh
ang, i ti tawp thei hlauh anih pawn, i taksa
ah chuan hnu hma/result \ha lo tak a nei
ngei tawh ang. Hetiang taka \ha lo anih
avang hian pawisa ti hek mai mai tu a ni.
Mizote chu a dik tak chuan zuk leh hmuam
ti nasa hnam kan ni a, a chhan awm ber
chu kan thlahtu ten an ching nasa \hin a,
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- 10 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
tun hnuah pawh hian hei hi chhunzawm zelin
mitin deuh thaw maiin tih dan tur emaw
kan ti ta hial niin alang. Latest data ah
chuan tunah hian 60% chuang te hi vaihlo
ti mi kan ni a, a awmzia chu, mihring 11
lac vel bawr kan ni a, mi 7 lac vel bawr te
chu zuk leh hmuam laka fihlim lo kan nih
chu, a fihlim chu tlem te chauh kan nih chu.
Han kal kual vel ta la, mi i hmuh hote kha
han chik deuh mah teh, mei zu pet pet, pak
khu luih luih lai an ni duh khawp mai. A bik
takin hmeichhe ho (Nu ho) te pawh han en
mah teh sahdah emaw an hmuam rek rek
reng mai a ni. Chutiang bawkin school
hmeichhe hote pawh kha han chik deuh
mah teh, a ei chi (Gutkha product) hi an
rawn la chhuak a, an ei rek rek reng mai a
ni. Mipa hote pawh Sir-te hmuh phak lovah
chuan cigarette an pet kawh far \hin.
North East-ah leh India ram pum anga
chhut pawn Mizoram chu vaihlo ti nasa
ber kan ni. Hei vang hian Cancer natna
pawh kan vei nasa hle a, India leh
khawvel pum angah pawh kan lang phak
a ni. Doctor-te hian kumtin mi sang tel
teh meuh phai lama enkawl ngai he natna
avang hian an refer ziah \hin a ni, a
rapthlak hle mai.
Kan Do Kan Do Kan Do Kan Do Kan Do Tlat Tlat Tlat Tlat Tlat AAAAA Ngai Ngai Ngai Ngai Ngai - Hmelmate do letna
chang kan hriat loh chuan min hnaih tial tial
ang a, a tawpah min man bet ang a, che
thei lovin min siam ang a, kan nunna hial
pawh min la lak sak dawn a ni. Beih letna
chang kan hriat erawh chuan a duh duh in
min ti thei lovanga, min hlau ang a, a tawpah
phei chuan min tlanchhiatsan daih dawn a
ni. Anih leh tute nge kan hmelmate chu, kan
\hiante, kan nu leh pate hi em ni, anih loh
leh kan chaw ei – maian, an\am, dal, etc,
te hi em ni, ni lo, anni hi chu kan taksa tana
\ha leh \angkai em em te an ni. kan
hmelmate chu heng te hi an ni – cigarette,
kuhva, sahdah, tuibur, khaini, tiranga,
pass-pass leh gutkha a\anga siam chi ho
reng reng te hi an ni. Hengte hian zawi
muang in kan taksa ah a \ha lo zawng in
hna an thawk \hin a, min ti hrisel lo telh
telh a, a tawpah kan thih phah ta hial \hin a
ni. Hetiang taka min tichhe thei an nih avang
hian kan \hian \ha, kan lam pawl chu an ni
thei lo reng reng a ni. Chuvang chuan
vawiinah keini zirlaite kan in ngaihtuah chian
a ngai, eng nge kan tana \ha/\ha lo tih kan
hriat chhuah a hun ta. Heng hote hi kan ti
ve duh lo mai pawh ni lovin, a do a kan do
tlat a ngai a ni.
Zuk leh hmuam pakhat tal tih loh chu ka a
rim chhe duh/thaw a uih duh, tih vel hi chu
tih mai mai a ni. Doctor-te chuan an tia
lawm, ka a rimchhiat chhan hi chu a tlangpui
thu in kan ka chhung fai tawk loh vang a ni
e an ti. A dik viau ang, kan thil ei hrang
hrang te kha,kan ha kar velah te alo awm
bet ve a, chu chu alo rei deuh chuan, a
\awih a, ha beh kan tihah khan alo chang
a, chu chuan a ti rimchhe ta em em \hin a
ni. Chuvang chuan kan ha te uluk takin kan
nawt \hin ang a, ha kar vela tang te fai thei
turin kan kam te pawh uluk takin kan \huah
ve \hin tur a ni.
****************************
-
Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 11 -
Career guidance
(chhunzawmna)
Career kawngpui lun zualte:-Career kawngpui lun zualte:-Career kawngpui lun zualte:-Career kawngpui lun zualte:-Career kawngpui lun zualte:-
Traditional field vs modern fields
Tun hma deuh chuan miin engineering course
a lak chuan kawng dang zuan tur an nei em
em lova, a vantlangin an uar ber (traditional
fields) chu :- civil te, mechanical leh electri-
cal engineering a ni \hin a. Heng hi a \ha
tawkin ei a tlin tawk vek a. Tunlai hunah
erawh chuan field thar a rawn inhawng belh
zel a. Ramchhung hmasawnna leh economic
lama hmasawn dan hawizawng milin engi-
neering field pawh miten an bawh tawh a.
Entirnan, Information Technology te,
Communicaion te, Automobile leh Com-
puter Engineering te chu a lar chak zawk
daih tawh a ni.
Combination danglam - hna zawn awlsam
Thil thar lehzual lo thleng mek a la awm. Mi
tih ang lo deuh taka field hrang zir kawp hi
an uar thar leh a. Entirnan, Engineering Phys-
ics (EP) hi tunlai khawvel hun inher
danglamin a rawn her chhuahpui, physics
science sang kaihhnawih - solid state elec-
tronics te, rocker science lam - cryogenics
te, laser technology te hi an bawh zual a ni.
A dawt lehah chuan, Environmental Engi-
neering te, Nanotechnology te, Informatics
leh Agricultural Engineering te hi an uar thar
hna tamna field a ni.
MBA leh B.Tech inchawih
Tin, chu mai chu a tawpna a la ni lo. Miin
BE/B.Tech an zawh veleh anmahni line
lama in kherh fal lovin sang tam rualin
MBA an bei leh nghal a. A \hen phei chuan
ME/M.Tech specialisation nen an zo te
te a, MBA an bei leh \hin. Tichuan quali-
fication : B.Tech & MBA emaw M.Tech
& MBA a lo nih chuan hna thawh tur an
phang thei reng reng tawh lova. Hlawh
sang tawk hna hi vawn sen loh a lo lut
ruih ruih a ni ber. Hei bakah hian UPSC-
in kum tina a huaihawt Indian Engineer-
ing Services Examination hi a tling thei tan
chuan Class I officer nihna kawng
duhawm tak a ni bawk.
* Computer Engineering
* Information Technology
Engineering field tam tak tarlan tawhte
zingah tunlai huna mimir thlenga kan nun
khawihtu leh ngaihven hlawh ber pahnih -
Computer Engineering leh Information
Technology (IT) hi lo thlir chipchiar deuh
hlek ila.
COMPUTER ENGINEERINGCOMPUTER ENGINEERINGCOMPUTER ENGINEERINGCOMPUTER ENGINEERINGCOMPUTER ENGINEERING
He field-in a bitum ber chu computer bung
hrang (hardware) leh a thawhna thluaksiam
chawp (software) buatsaih te, changkang
leh \angkai zawka thawk thei tura beihzui
(research) te, a thar \ha zawk duan leh
daihzai zawnga hman theih tura thlak
danglam te a huam vek mai a.
-
- 12 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
(chhunzawm tur)
Computer hardware industry ah chuan com-
puter khawlpui ber Central Processing Unit
(CPU) leh a part hrang - peripherals leh
terminals te hi a pawimawh leh englai pawha
thawk chak leh thawk \ha zawk siam tuam
mite hmanhlel taka an thawhna a ni a.
Khawvel thiamna chakzia leh sanzia hi he
thil bik zirnaah ringawt pawh hian a lo lang
chhhuak \hin a ni. Software engineers te hi
computer \awngka leh chhutna (programme)
duangtu leh khawihtute ber an ni a, com-
puter language te, operating system an tih
te hi englao pawha thil thar leh duan thar
theih a nih avangin an tan ‘thawh zawh’ a
awm thei lova. Mi a thiam poh leh thil thar a
siam chak a ni mai a, chu chu atan lal lukhum
a ni ve bawk si. Tunlaiah e-commerce te
internet online indawrna (transaction) te an
uar tawh avangin software design-tu tan
hmangchang thar ngaihtuah chhuah a \ul reng
\hin a ni.
INFORMAINFORMAINFORMAINFORMAINFORMATION TION TION TION TION TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY (IT) (IT) (IT) (IT) (IT)
Information Technology hian khawvel puma
khawtlang nun leh eizawnna a khawih
danglam nasa ber a. Information Technol-
ogy ‘knowledge and knowledge manage-
ment’ tiin tak takin a hming an pe a. Knowl-
edge an tih hian kan khawsakna leh kan
nun uaptu thil engkimah hnuhma a nei vek
ta ni ber a. Kan rimawi ngaihthlak leh milem
che thei kan hmuh te, cinema te, damlo
enkawlna leh natan chi hrang enna khawl
zawng zawng te, lirthei chi hrang hrang
siamna leh khawl inchuktuahna kil tin leh a
thununna te, khawlai kan kal a traffic light
thleng mai hian ‘knowledge management’
thlazar hnuai ami vek a ni. Khawvel pum
huapa kan nun khawih danglam bertu leh
kori tu bertute zinga mi chu Wireless Com-
munication leh Computing hi a ni a. Vansang
lawng (satellite leh spacecraft) boruak zau
leh hla tak kara an han thunun theihna te
thlengin heng thil thar hnathawh hi a ni. Tin,
heng hmanrua thawk thei a a thluak
siamsakna Software Engineering hi thil
pawimawh namen lo dang chu a ni leh a ni.
Tam tak a awm, tarlan sen a ni lo.
Tichuan, heng thil hlawm lian deuh deuh
thiamna sang neia khawihtute chuan hna \ha
pui pui an chelh a, an hlawh lah a tam bawk.
India mi \halao computer lama thiamna sang
neiho hian ramdangah hna an hmu nasa em
em a. USA, Australia leh Europe rama IT
professionals ramdang mi awmte zingah In-
dia mi an tam ber a, India mi hnathawka
awm nuai mi 2 zingah pawh IT professional
hi an buk ber a ni.
Information Information Information Information Information TTTTTechnology hna (job) \henechnology hna (job) \henechnology hna (job) \henechnology hna (job) \henechnology hna (job) \hen
dan tlangpui:dan tlangpui:dan tlangpui:dan tlangpui:dan tlangpui:
Hardware - Hardware - Hardware - Hardware - Hardware - Hei hi chi hnih ang deuhin a
kal a,
* Manufacture
* Maintenance
Manufacture:Manufacture:Manufacture:Manufacture:Manufacture: A khawl leh hmanrawn kim
siam chhuah lam a ni a, hetiang hna chelh
tur hian Diploma in electronics emaw BE,
B.Tech emaw M.Tech degree neih a ngai
a ni.
-
Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 13 -
Mithiamten an hriat tawh chinah chuan universe-ah hian force chi hrang hrang chi 4
a awm a. An chak zawng pawh a inang lo vek a ni. Chungte chu – (1) Strong Nuclear force
(2) Weak nuclear force (3) Electromagnetic force (4) Gravitational force. Heng force zingah
hian Strong nuclear force hi a chak ber a, Gravitational force hi a chak lo ber thung a ni.
Eng nge Gravitation chu?Eng nge Gravitation chu?Eng nge Gravitation chu?Eng nge Gravitation chu?Eng nge Gravitation chu?
Mass nei tawh phawt chu an inkarah inhipna force a awm ziah a. Chutia mass vang
ngawr ngawra object te inhipna force chu Gravitational force chu a ni. He force hi force chi
li-te zinga chak lo ber ni mah sela a daih thui a, universe pianghmang dintu ber pawh a ni
nghe nghe. Leiin ni a hel theih nachhan te, thlain lei a hel theih nachhan te, satellite ten lei an
hel theih nachhan te, arsi sang tam tak a bawr khawma an awm theih nachhan te, galaxy a
lo awm theih nachhan te, kawlthei rah lei lama a lo tlak thlak theih nachhan te, leiin tuamtu
boruak a neih nachhan te...hi gravity vang vek hi a ni.
Newton’Newton’Newton’Newton’Newton’s law of gravitations law of gravitations law of gravitations law of gravitations law of gravitation
Mizote Run lui kama kan la awm lai, Siapsuap leh hnawkhal kan fen/hak lai, Sazuk
ki hmanga hlo kan thlawh lai kum 1687 daih tawh khan English pachal Sir Isacc Newton-
a chuan lei leh van lam thil reng reng hian hipna tha an nei a ni tih a lo hmuchhuak tawh a, chu
hipna tha chu gravity/gravitation chu a ni. Chu a thil hmuh chhuah chu Newton’s law of
grvitation kan tih chu a ni. He law-in a sawi dan chuan mass nei tawh phawt chu an inhip vek
a, a hnai apiang an inhip chak a, a hla apiang an inhip chak lova, tin, mass nei tam apiangin
hipna tha an ngah a, mass nei tlem apiangin hipna tha an nei tlem zel bawk.
Tihian formula-in a entir theih a ni : Gm m
Fr
=1 2
2
Hetah hian F hian mass pahnihte m1 leh m
2 te inkara force (inhipna) a entir a, r hi an centre ve
ve-te inkar hlat zawng a ni. G hi gravitational constant a ni. Entir nan m1 hi lei, m
2 hi thla pawh
a ni thei. Englai pawhin Gravitation hi inhipna a ni reng a, inpaihna tha a awm ngai lova ni.
Accelaration due to gravity (g)Accelaration due to gravity (g)Accelaration due to gravity (g)Accelaration due to gravity (g)Accelaration due to gravity (g)
Mass nei particle/body hi hmun sang tak a\angin thlak thla la, a tla chak tual tual ang a, lei a
thlen dawnah phei chuan a chak tawh hle ang. Hetia mass ngah tak lama thil a tlak thlak
chak tual tualna (a tlak thlak chak zawng ni lovin) hi accelaration due to gravity chu a ni; g
-Lalrinthara Pachuau
-
- 14 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
tiin an entir \hin. Leiah chuan a value hi 9.8 m/s2 a ni. A unit hi ngun takin en la, accelaration
unit tho kha a ni tih i hre thei ang. m/s2 tih hi (m/s)/s tiin a sawi theih tho bawk a, m/s hi speed
a ni a, tichuan (m/s)/s chu speed/s tihna a lo ni a. Chu chuan a entir chu second tiin a speed
pun chak tual tualna a ni. 9.8m/s2 kan tih chuan lei lama thil a tlak thlak hian second tiin a
speed chu 9.8m/s in a tam tual tual dawn tihna a nih chu. Mass ngah si, te bawk si te hian an
surface-ah g value hi an nei sang hle \hin.
Formula : 2R
GMg M = body mass, R = body radius.
Hetah hian kan hriat pawlh loh tur chu mass M hi a hiptu zawk mass kha a ni. Entir
nan, leiah chuan kan thil thlak thlak mass kha ni lovin lei mass, R pawh hi lei radius. A
chunga formula khi en la, thil tla thla lai mass kha a tel ve lo tih i hmu anga, hei hian lei lama
thil a tlak thlak hian a tlak thlak chak zawng hi mass a ngah leh ngah lovah a innghat lova, a
hiptu mass-ah chauh a innghat tih a entir (“Nangni’n mi thlang lo, keiman ka thlang zawk che
u…” tih ang deuh kha a nih ber chu).
Hetia han ngaihtuah mai chuan arhmul leh lung te hi inchung a\angin thlak thla ila,
lung te chuan lei a thleng hmasa dawn a, chu chuan mass ngah zawk lung te chu a tla chak
zawk a, acceleration a ngah zawk tih a entir a; chuvangin mass ngah apiang hi tla chak zawk
tur an ni mai alawm tiin ngaihdan i lo nei mai thei. Hetiang hian kum 2300 vel ral tawhah
khan Aristotle-a pawh khan ngaihdan a lo nei daih tawh a ni. Mahse hei hi a dik lo deuh.
Galileo’Galileo’Galileo’Galileo’Galileo’s experiments experiments experiments experiments experiment
Galileo khan Aristotle-a ngaihdan kha dik theiin a hre lova, chuvangin vacuum
(boruak awm lohna) ah enchhinna a buatsaih ta a : Lung te leh arhmul hi a rualin a thlak thla
a, an pahnih chuan vacuum mawng chu an thleng rual chiah a ni. Chu chuan eng thil pawh hi
hmun ruakah chuan leiin a hip nat zawng a inan vek avangin an tlak chak zawng a inang vek
a, san zawng inang \heuh \heuh a\anga thlak thlak an nih phawt chuan lei an thleng rual vek
dawn tihna a nih chu.
Eng nge dik lo ta chu le?Eng nge dik lo ta chu le?Eng nge dik lo ta chu le?Eng nge dik lo ta chu le?Eng nge dik lo ta chu le?
Newton’s law hi hmunruak ‘vacuum’ tan chauh a dik tih hi hria ila a \ha ang. Khatia
pawn boruaka kan han thlak khan arhmul chuan pangti a neih zau avangin (chiang zawk
chuan surface area/mass) lung te ai khan boruak nen innawhna tha friction a ngah bik a,
chu chuan chak taka a tla tur kha a lo timuang a ni. Vacuum-ah kha chuan boruak awm
tawh hek lo, anmahni mass-ah an tlak chak zawng a innghat bawk si lova, lungte nen khan
lei an thleng rual ta a ni. Vacuum lovah Newton’s law kan hman dawn chuan friction term
kan chhut tel a ngai \hin.
-
Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 15 -
g value a danglam thei em?g value a danglam thei em?g value a danglam thei em?g value a danglam thei em?g value a danglam thei em?
Acelaration due to gravity hi a constant lova, hmun hrang hrangah a danglam thei a ni.
(1) A san zawng a thuin – Hmun sang takah chuan g value hi a tla hniam \hin. A san
poh leh a tlem ting mai a ni. R hi lei radius ni se, g hi tuipui zawla acceleration due to gravity
value 9.8 m/s2 ni bawk se, hmun pakhat tuipui zawl a\anga ‘h’ a sangah chuan g value tur
chu -
−=R
hgg
21'
He formula hmang hian Aizawla g value i lo chhut ve thei ang em? Aizawl hi tuipui zawl
a\angin 1,000m a sang ni se, R hi 6,400km (=6,400,000m) ni bawk se.
(2) Tuipui zawl aia a hniam dana zirin – Hetia ngaihtuah mai chuan a hniam
(thuk) poh leh g chu chak ve tual tual awm tak a ni a. Mahse hemi letling chiah hian a takah
chuan a thleng thung. Lei chhungril lamah chuan khatia kan luh thlak khan lei pang lehlam
a\anga gravity lo kal nen khan keini lam kha an in cancel a, a tlem hret hret a, lei lairilah tak
phei chuan g value hi zerozerozerozerozero a ni. Chu chuan lei lairil takah khan hipna tha (gravity) a awm ta
lo tih a entir kher lo. Gravity hian lei lairil a hawi zel avangin thil tla ta se a tawpna tur chu a
lairil tak chu a ni a, chuvangin a lairil tak kan thlen hnu chuan tlak zelna tur a awm tawh lo
tihna a ni zawk. Tuipui zawl aia ‘d’ a hniamah awm ta ila, chulai hmuna g value chu
−=R
dgg 1'
He formula hmang hian Chile lungalhthei khura tangte tanna hmun 700m a thuka g value lo
chhut ve leh rawh le.
Heng a chunga kan tarlante bakah hian kan awmna hmun latitute azir te leh lei pian
hmang azir tein g value hi a danglam thei bawk. Lei hi mum pal a ni lova, chhim tawp leh
hmar tawpah tlemin a zawl deuh a, serthlum ang deuh hian. Chuvangin chhim tawp leh hmar
tawp chuan lei lairil an hnaih deuh bik a, g value pawh equator-a mi aiin a sang deuh hlek a ni.
Mass versus Mass versus Mass versus Mass versus Mass versus WWWWWeighteighteighteighteight
Mass tih thu kan sawi ta fo mai a, eng nge a nih chiah? Ni tin nunah chuan mass leh
weight hi kan hman pawlh vel mai mai a, mahse Physics-ah chuan thil hrang daih an ni thung.
Mass chu thilin matter a neih tam zawng a ni (quantity of matter in the body. Note – Mizo
\awngin dik si, remchang bawk siin chhiartuten dah chhuah lo tum ve teh u) a, a rih zawng
-
- 16 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
sawina a ni lo. Weight erawh chu thil rih zawng sawina a ni a, chu chu kha thil kha leiin a hip
nat zawng (force) kha a ni mai. Body pakhat tan a mass chu ‘m’ ni se, a weight tur chu g a
‘m’ puntir zel kha a ni.
i.e. weight = mass × acceleration due to gravity = mgweight = mass × acceleration due to gravity = mgweight = mass × acceleration due to gravity = mgweight = mass × acceleration due to gravity = mgweight = mass × acceleration due to gravity = mg
Heta \ang hian kan hriat theih tak chu – eng thil mah hian gravity awm lohna hmunah
chuan weight an nei lo, i.e. rih zawng an nei lo. A chunga kan chhiar tawh ang khian g value
hi hmun hrang hrangah a danglam si a, chuvangin weight chu a danglam ve zel tur a ni bawk.
Chutih laiin mass erawh chu kha body khan matter a ngah zawng a nih miau avangin kan sat
hek huam te a nih ngawt loh chuan a danglam ve dawn lo a ni. An unit pawh hi a inang lova,
mass unit chu Kg a ni a, weight erawh chu force a nih avangin newton (N) a ni thung.
I rih zawng kha mass nge weight ?I rih zawng kha mass nge weight ?I rih zawng kha mass nge weight ?I rih zawng kha mass nge weight ?I rih zawng kha mass nge weight ?
Ka weight chu 60Kg te kan ti a, tumahin ka mass kan ti ngai lo. Mahse Scientific
tak chuan inbuknaa kan rih zawng kan teh chhuah hi kan massmassmassmassmass a ni zawk. I weight kha chu
inbuknaa lo lang apiang 9.8 in puntir la a lo chhuak mai ang. Entir nan 60Kg i nih chuan i
weight chu 60 × 9.8 = 588N a ni zawk. Mahse ni tin nunah chuan weight tia kan hman
laklawh tawh avangin a dik lo chung hian hnam fing zawkte leh keini helai kilkhawra chengte
pawhin kan hmang ta vel mai mai a ni.
Gravitational FieldGravitational FieldGravitational FieldGravitational FieldGravitational Field
Eng thil pawh mass nei tawh phawt chuan a bul vel ami gravitational force hmangin
a hip thei a. Chutia gravitational force hmanga a hip theihna huam chhung chu graviational
field chu a ni. Mass a ngah poh leh gravitational field hian a daih thuiin a na ting mai a ni. He
gravitational field nat zawng hi Gravitational (Field) Intensity an ti a, E emaw I emawin an
entir \hin.
Formula : gm
FI ==
Hetah hian F hi chu Newton’s law ami kha a ni a, m hi kha gravitational field huam
chhunga mass lo awm ve kha a ni. Entir nan lungte leh lei hi lo hmang ta ila, m hi lung te mass
a ni ang a, F hi chu lei leh lungte inhipna force kha a ni.
Newton’s law of Gravitation chuan universe-a thil awm reng rengte hi an mass
azirin an inhip nain an inhip na lo mai a ni tiin a sawi a. Chu hipna chuan universe-a thil awm
reng rengte hi tuna an chet dan ang hian a awmtir a ni a ti a ni. Khawvel leh planet dangte ni
an hel theih nachhan te hi ni leh lei inhip tawnna vang a ni a ti a ni.
-
Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 17 -
Knowledge is powerKnowledge is powerKnowledge is powerKnowledge is powerKnowledge is power
$ Kal (kidney) \ha pangngai chuan ni
khatah thisen 50 gallons lai a thlifim (filter)
hman.
$ Tho hi an damchhung zawngin an
pianna hmun a\anga feet hla takah an thlawk
ngai hauh lo.
$ Ni awklem (solar eclipse) hi 7 min.
58secs aia rei a ni ngai lo.
$ Sava chi khat Humming bird hian
second khat chhungin thla vawi 90 a zap
hman. Minute khatah vawi 5,000 ai tam mah
a zap hman a ni chu!
$ Scientist ho chuan mihring hi a thih
veleh an buk a, a thih hma aiin 21gm in a
zang \hin niin an hria.
$ Hahchhiau lai tak hian mit a chhin loh
theih loh
$ Rangkachak hi thil chher pan theih
deuh mai a ni a, ounce khat (1) lek pawh hi
9.3sq. metre laia hlaiin a chher phek theih a,
80km laia seiin a chher theih a nih chu.
$ Rannung chi khat Squid an tih chu
thilnung zinga mit nei lian ber a ni a, 38cm
bial lai a lian mit a nei a, a taksa pawh 15
metres laia thui a ni thei
Chutih laiin kum 1915-ah Albert
chuan Gravitation theory chu Newton-a sawi
dan lovin tih dan thar hlakin a sawi ta a. Chu
chu Genreal theory of Relativity an ti a ni.
Tun hma zawnga tungchhova kal hringmite
an lo la ngaihruat chhin ngai reng reng lohvin
Einstein-a chuan Space-time hi mass tamna
bulah chuan a kul pup mai a ni tiin a rawn
sawi ta a. Chumi awmzia chu Spacetime hi a
pharh duai lova, mass tam dan azirin a kul
nasa thei hle a, mass ngah tak, e.g. arsi etc,
te bulah chuan a kul nasa thei hle a ni a rawn
ti a. Object te chet vel dan pawh chu an
inkara force vang ni lovin (Newton-a khan
object te inhipna force vang tiin a sawi a)
spacetime an tihkul nasat dana innghat a ni
zawk tiin a rawn sawi ta thung a ni. Niin a
bul vela spacetime a pawh kulah chuan
planet-te pawh hi chhuak thei mai lovin kan
kal kual ta a ni. Chu chu GTR-in universe-a
object te chet vel dan a sawi dan chu a ni ta
a ni.
General Theory of Relativity (GTR)General Theory of Relativity (GTR)General Theory of Relativity (GTR)General Theory of Relativity (GTR)General Theory of Relativity (GTR)
Kum 1905-ah Einsteina’n Special
theory of relativity (STR) a tichhuak tawh a.
Chu theory chuan famkim lohna lian tak mai
pakhat a la nei cheu va - Non accelerated
frame-ah chauh a hman theih avangin. Chu a
famkim lohna tak mai chu tifamkim tur chuan
STR chu Accelerated frame-a hman theih
tura modify a ngai ta a nih chu. STR a
tihchhuah a\anga kum 10 zet, 1915-ah GTR
hi a siamchhuak ve leh ta hlawl mai a ni. Chu
theory chuan tunhma zawnga eng hi kal ngil
par par \hin nia an ngaih kha a dik tawk lohna
a rawn hailang ta hial a. Mass ngah deuh (arsi
-
- 18 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
rit deuh) bula a lo kal hian eng hi a kal kul \hin a ni tih pawh a rawn tichiang ta a. Chu mai a
la ni lo, Blackhole meuh pawh kha he GTR equation solution 10 zinga pakhat a lo ni ve reng
nia! Chutiang khawpa van lam chanchin zir nana equation pawimawh chu kan hrethiam lo a
nih pawhin i lo hmelhriat ve mai mai ang hmiang, tu pawi kan sawi em lo vang chu maw…
αβαβαβ
πT
c
GRgR
4
8
2
1=−
He equation awmzia ber chu hetiang hi a ni: A vei lam hian Hmun-hun (Space time) kul pup
mai kha a entir a, a dinglam hian chu space time-a taksa nei thil (matter) / mass awm a entir
a ni. Kan hmuh ang hian a ding lam pang hi zero a nih chuan a vei lam chuan zero bawk a
tluk ve a, chu chuan Space time kha a kul lova a pharh duai a ni tih a entir. Chuti ni lova a
ding lam Tαβ hi zero a nih loh chuan a veilam hian zero a tluk tawh lo ang a, Space-time chu
a pharh ni lovin a kul pup tawh mai dawn a ni. Tichuan he equation hi hetiang hian kan
khaikhawm thei ang : ‘Space-time hi matter/mass a awm chauhvin a kul (curve) a,‘Space-time hi matter/mass a awm chauhvin a kul (curve) a,‘Space-time hi matter/mass a awm chauhvin a kul (curve) a,‘Space-time hi matter/mass a awm chauhvin a kul (curve) a,‘Space-time hi matter/mass a awm chauhvin a kul (curve) a,
matter a awm loh erawh chuan kul lovin a pharh (flat) duai mai a ni; tin, chu amatter a awm loh erawh chuan kul lovin a pharh (flat) duai mai a ni; tin, chu amatter a awm loh erawh chuan kul lovin a pharh (flat) duai mai a ni; tin, chu amatter a awm loh erawh chuan kul lovin a pharh (flat) duai mai a ni; tin, chu amatter a awm loh erawh chuan kul lovin a pharh (flat) duai mai a ni; tin, chu a
kul nasat zawng (space-time curvature) chu matter/mass a tam poh leh a nasa vekul nasat zawng (space-time curvature) chu matter/mass a tam poh leh a nasa vekul nasat zawng (space-time curvature) chu matter/mass a tam poh leh a nasa vekul nasat zawng (space-time curvature) chu matter/mass a tam poh leh a nasa vekul nasat zawng (space-time curvature) chu matter/mass a tam poh leh a nasa ve
mai a ni’mai a ni’mai a ni’mai a ni’mai a ni’ tiin.
Tuna kan equation sawi lai hi van lam chanchin zirna atana a kailawn bul \anna leh a pawimawh
lai ber a ni. He equation hi Einstein Field Equation an ti. (Einstein-a khan he equation siam
chhuak tur hian kum 10 zet a bei tih kha lo hria la).
Blackhole solution leh Light bendingBlackhole solution leh Light bendingBlackhole solution leh Light bendingBlackhole solution leh Light bendingBlackhole solution leh Light bending
E.F.E khan solution pawimawh tak tak mai 10 zet a nei kan tih tawh kha. Chung zinga 3 te
chauh chu kan tarlang dawn a ni. Pakhat chu Blackhole solution (non-rotating) a ni a. Chu
solution chuan arsi alo thiha, blackhole-a a chan huna a lenzawng radius tur a entir a -
22
c
GMR
He equation hian Arsi a lo thih a, Blackhole-a a chan huna a lenzawng radius tur a entir a ni.
Entir nan khawvel hi blackhole-ah chang thei ta se la, blackhole a nih huna a lenzawng tur
chu marble te pawl ang tiat vel chauh a ni ang.
Mass ngah tak bulah chuan spacetime chu a kul tawh \hin a. Spacetime-a light lo kal pawh
kha spacetime kul ang ang khan a kal kual a ngai ve ta zel a. Chuta light kal kawi nasat
zawng chu a formula chuan heti hian a entir theih a ni.
-
Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 19 -
Rc
GM
2
4=∆
He equation hian mass ngah tak e.g arsi…bula a eng a kal a, a kal kawi nasat dan tur a entir a ni.
Gravitational Gravitational Gravitational Gravitational Gravitational WWWWWaveaveaveaveave
Thla hmasa mai (Feb, 2016)-ah Scientist-ten Gravitational Wave (GW) an hmuh
chhuah thu an puan kha kan hre hlawm ngei anga. Gravity pawh hian wave hi a siam ve thei
tho a, mahse a chak loh em avangin hmuh chhuah hi a harsa hle a ni. GW hi a chunga kan
tarlan tak Einstein-a equation khian a lo predict lawk daih tawh a, chu chu a hnu kum 100-
naah hmuh chhuah a ni ta a ni.
Light / Eng kan tih hi Electromagnetic Wave (EMW) zinga pakhat ve mai a ni a.
EMW chu chi hrang hrang a awm a, chungte chu - Gamma ray, X-ray, Ultra Violet ray,
Visible ray, Infra Red ray, Microwave leh Radio wave te an ni. Telescope leh binocular-te
hi Visible ray / spectrum-a innghat an ni bera. Chutiang telescope chu Optical Telescope an
ti a, mihringten kan hmuh dan pawh hi optical vision an ti a. Chu chu telescope pangngaia
kan hmuh dan te hi a ni vek a. Chutih laiin van lam a\anga lo kal radiation tam tak chu optical
vision hmanga hmuh theih loh, X-ray te, gamma ray te, infra red te an ni bawk a. Chutiang
radiation chu a lo dawnsawnna turin telescope chi dang X-ray telescope, etc..a ngai ve leh
zel a.
Charge particle hi a accelerate chuan EMW hi a pe chhuak \hin a. Arsi te, Blackhole
te hi charge nei lo an nih avangin an accelerate pawhin EMW hi an pe chhuak ngai lova;
GW hi an pe chhuak zawk \hin. Tuna telescope kan hman sa ho hian GW chu an lo detect
thei si lova, a detect theihna turin khawl hran siam a lo ngai taa. Kum 20 chuang kal ta a\ang
khan scientist-ten GW detect-na tur khawl LIGO an tih mai chu an buaipui ta tluk tluk mai
a. Chu khawl chuan nikum 2015-ah khan GW chu a lo detect ta a ni. He GW an detect hi
Blackhole pahnih insu a\anga lo chhuak a ni a, universe zirna kawnga thil hmuh chhuah ropui
berte zinga mi a ni.
GW hi transverse wave a ni a, a intensity pawh a chau hle a. Hetia an detect ta mai
hian scientist-te a tiphur hle a, Universe zirna kawngah a thawh hlawk hle beisei a ni. EMW
hmang chauhva zir theih \hin van lam chanchin kha tunah chuan GW hmang pawhin a zir
theih tawh dawn tihna a ni a, chu chuan nasa zawkin universe zir chianna kawngah rah a
chhuah ngei ang.
---ooOoo---
-
- 20 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
THE RETURN OF PC- RAMTHE RETURN OF PC- RAMTHE RETURN OF PC- RAMTHE RETURN OF PC- RAMTHE RETURN OF PC- RAM
Holy Trinity of PC an tih mai CPUCPUCPUCPUCPU, MotherboardMotherboardMotherboardMotherboardMotherboard leh RAMRAMRAMRAMRAM te hi computer pakhat a,
a pawimawh lai ber, hna lut chhuak zawng zawng lo dawngsawng leh lo semdarhtu
berte an nih miau avangin kan sawi tawh \hin, kan sawi mek, kan la sawizel dawn chu a
ni reng mai. CPU chanchin hi issue hmasa lamah khan kan sawi nelnual tawh a, tun
\umah chuan RAM chungchang kan chhui bing dawn a ni.
[Mapuia’Pa]
-
Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 21 -
DDR SDRAM te hi a chuai thei tak tak dawnlo a ang ta hle mai. Tunlai CPU chhuakthar
SkylakeSkylakeSkylakeSkylakeSkylake CPUCPUCPUCPUCPU in a hman RAM leh tunlai phone changkang ber pawla sawi iphone 6siphone 6siphone 6siphone 6siphone 6s
ina a hman RAM te hi an siam dan phung a inang deuh reng a ni. Chuvangin RAM hi
System pakhat a thil pawimawh tak a ni tih hi chiang phawt mai ila a \ha awm e. RAM
chu awmlo se computer-a kan thil chhut hawrawp pakhat chauh lang tur pawh hian
minute hnih minute thum kan nghah zel a ngai dawn a ni. RAM avangin computer te hi
kan chhawr \angkai thei reng a lo ni.
I computer upgrade i tuma man tlawm thei ang ber tur chu RAM vuah belh emaw alian
or achak zawka thlak a ni mai awm e. RAM vuah belh chuan computer chu a lo chak
sawt tih kan hmu nghal thei a ni. RAM chi hrang hrang chhuak tawh zingah tuna chhuak
hnuhnung ber leh chak ber chu DDR4-RAM hi a ni. Hei hi mi chinchang zir mite ngaihdan
ah chuan DDR-series hnuhnung ber turah an ngai a ni. DDR5-RAM hi a chhuah an ring
tawhlo a, hming dang/series dangin a chhuah an ring a, DDR5 tih hming pua a chhuak a
nih pawhin 2018 hnu lam a nih an ring. (Hetah hian Graphics card-a DDR5 tih nen hian
hriat pawlh loh tur a ni. Graphics card-ah chuan DDR2, DDR3, DDR5 tiin a kal thung
a. DDR4 a awm velo) DDR-series hi lo tawp tase eng ang technology in nge rawn thlak
leh ang tihte thlengin zir ho kan tum dawn a ni.
-
- 22 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
A hmasaber ah chuan RAM hi enge a nih a,eng anga siam nge a nih, eng ang chi hrang
te nge an nih tihte, DDR speed hrang hrangte leh an kawppui thei tur CPU te leh
Beyond DDR an tih mai DDR4 hnu a rawn chhuak tur technology thar chanchinte
chipchiar deuh hlekin sawi kan tum dawn a ni. Hetah hian hun kal tawha thil hlui an lo
siam chhuah dan chanchin chhui vak emaw, hun lo la kal tura an siam chhuah tum dan te
advance taka lo rinthu sawi vak kan tum hranlo a, computer lei tum mekte leh hmang
mekte tan kan \angkai pui theih beiseiin rawn share ka tum mai chauh a ni.
Computer thar lei tumte tana kan hriat tur chu CPU leh Motherboard kan hman tum
dan leh kan Budget a zirin DDR3 nge DDR4 a kal \ha zawk tih kha chiang taka ngaihtuah
hmasak a \ha a ni. DDR4 chu latest technology a nih avangin Speed a chak zawkin
future proof atan a \hat laiin, a man (price) a la to rihin CPU leh motherboard pawh
latest ber chi lo ah chuan a support lo a ni tihte hriat tel a \ha bawk ang. Normal or
Stock Ram leh Gaming Ram tih te in an \hen hrang leh bawk a, Brand or Manufacturer
azirin a man (price) a in thlau thei bawk. Kan rama brand hman lar deuhte chu Kingston,
Transcend, Corsair, Adata, Hynix, G.Skill tihte a ni awm e.
-
Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 23 -
WHAT IS RAM?
RAM tih chu computer CPU hnathawh tur leh a thawh mekte rang taka lo zawmsakna
hmun, hnathawh tur engkim lakluh leh sem chhuahna hmunpui ti ila kan sawisual tampui
lovang chu maw. Amaherawhchu a thil lakluh leh sem chhuahte a vawng reng theilova,
Hard Disk Drive (HDD) leh Solid State Drive(SSD) te angin permanent-a data vawng
reng chi a ni velo a, HDD leh SSD a data awmte CPU in rang taka a lo Access theihna
turin hna a lo thawk thung a ni.
RAM tlinlohna pakhat chu power (current) a awmloh ruala amaha thil awmsa (khawlsa)
Data awm zawng zawng bo nghal zel mai hi a ni. Hei hi volatilevolatilevolatilevolatilevolatile an ti a ni. HDD leh
SSD te hi chu current awmlo mahse a chhunga data awmsa te a bo ve mai mai lova,
chuvang chuan non-volatilenon-volatilenon-volatilenon-volatilenon-volatile tiin an sawi ve thung a ni. Random Access Memory tia an
-
- 24 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
phuah chhan pawh hi HDD leh SSD te angin data awmte inzawm zat leh inkhaidiat
thlipthlep a awm a ngai velo a, data te a remchan dan ang zelin a pawt lawr kual vel mai
\hin vang hian a ni ber awm e. Tehkhin nan Tape-Recorder hun lai khan hla hmasa ber
ngaihthlak zawhah a tawp bera awm ngaithla duh ta ila a indawta ngaihthlak tekha a
ngai \hin a, CD player rawn chhuah chinah chuan kan duhna lai kha awlsam tein kan kal
zung zung thei ang deuh kha a ni.
RAM ah hian a tirah SRAMSRAMSRAMSRAMSRAM leh DRAMDRAMDRAMDRAMDRAM tiin chihnih a \hen ani a, tlemin sawi fiah lo tum
ta ila..
-
Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 25 -
SRAM tih chu Static Random-Access Memory ani a, flip-flop circuit pangngai hmanga
duan (chip tam tak hmang) anih laiin DRAM hi chu Dynamic Random-Access Memory
tihna ania integrated circuit hmangin capacitor pakhat zelin bit anlo khawlkhawm zel
tura duan a ni thung. A tawi zawngin sawi tum ta ila, SRAM chu a chak (a rang) a
amaherawhchu pakhat siam chhuah man a to thung a ni. DRAM erawh a tlawm thei a
mahse computer a pawt muang ve thung a ni. DRAM te hi aman a tlawm zawk avangin
hman pawh a hlawh ber \hin a ni. Hun a lo kal zela, chak ve tho si man tlawm zawka lei
theih turin SDRAMSDRAMSDRAMSDRAMSDRAM an lo siamchhuak leh ta a ni. SDRAM tih chu Synchronous
Dynamic Access Memory tihna a ni.
CPU in hna chak taka a thawh theih laiin SDRAM hian a umpha meuh thin lova
chuvang chuan DDR-SDRAM hi a lo piang leh ta ani.DDR tih chu Double Data Rate
tihna a ni.SDRAM Clock-cycle mal theuh kha an hnathawh a letin a thawh tir ta tihna a
ni a,tunlai khawvela kan hman tam ber a lo ni chho ta a ni.
[Chhunzawm leh tur]
----ooOoo----
-
- 26 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
A hun : 12th – 16th January, 2016
A hmun : Birla Industrial & Technological Museum (BITM)
Mizoram a\anga kal student leh Guide Teacher heng mite hi kan ni.
Guide Teacher:
1) PC Lalrintluanga
2) F.Lalliansanga
3) Mark Lal\anpuia
4) Lalzarmawii
5) Lalhriatpuii
Student’s
1) Angela Lal\hakimi
2) Lalduhawmi
3) Jane Lalnunsiami
4) Lalhruaitluanga Hmar
5) Zothansanga
6) Zorinmawii
7) F.Lalthantluangi
8) PC Lallianzuali
9) Lalhriatpuia
10) Malsawmsanga
11) Lalbuatsaiha
12) Runrempuia
13) Vanlalfeli
14) Linda Lal\hazovi
15) Jerusi
16) Esther Lalhmingmawii
17) C Lalnunfeli
18) C Lalremruati
19) Lal\hakima
20) Lalrinmuana
- Zorinmawii & F.Lalthantluangi
Govt Chaltlang HS, Aizawl
-
Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 27 -
S c i e n c e
Exhibition hi kumtina
neih \hin a ni a, kum
kal ta 2015,
December thla pawh
khan Lunglei-ah 15-
16th chhunga neih leh
a ni a, hetah hian
participate students
a\angin mi 20 Kolkata
lama va perform leh
turin min thlang
chhuak leh a ni.
January ni 9, 3:30pm ah Bus
terminal, |huampui a\angin network bus
chuan Kolkata lam pan chuan kan chhuak a,
a tir chuan kan tluang khawp mai a, Kolasib-
ah zanriah te eiin tluang takin kan kal zel a,
mahse Meghalaya kal kawng chhe em em
ah kan tang ta a nih chu. Nilengin engmah
kan ei silo a, ril a\am duh khawp mai, motor
lian pui pui a intlar put a, kan piaha vaipa, a
motor chhunga chaw chhum pawh kan hmutai
vek tawh mai. Ril a\am hle nain a hlimawm
duh khawp mai. Tichuan, dam takin Guwahati
kan thleng ve ta hram a, Lamka house-ah
kan riak a, a tuakah chuan Big bazaar ah te
kan bazaar ho a, a nuam lutuk. Zanah chuan
rail station-ah Kolkata lam pan turin kan
chhuak leh ta a. Rail chu kan vawi 1 chuanna
anih ve hlawm avangin nuam kan ti tlang
khawpin ka hria. Thil lah hi an han zuar chikim
hlawm em em khawp a, ‘Chai, Coffee” pawh
a ngaihawm khawp mai.
Tichuan Kolkata chu kan thleng ve ta der
mai a. BITM-ah kan lut phawt a, zanriah kan
eikham hnuaha kan thlenna tur salt lake
stadium ah kan pan a, a hmun kan thleng chu
a nuamin a ropui ve khawp mai.
Exhibition kan \an ve ni: |an hun hi ni 12
a ni a, mahse kan thlen tlai deuh avangin ni
13 ah huan kan model te kan show ve \an a,
a hmun te a nuam bawk a, hreawm kan ti lo
tlang hle a, \hian thar te kan siam a, building
te kan han lut kual vel a, a ropui khawp mai.
Breakfast atan paratha leh alu, lunch-ah chaw
tui lo tawk. Dinner chu pangai ve lutuk.
Chutiang chuan hunk an hmang chho zel a.
Thursday zanah Science City-ah te kan kal a,
space theater-ah te kan lut a, a ropuiin a nuam
khawp mai. Friday-ah chuan Judge te local in
kan model te enin presentation te chu kan pe
fel ve ta a. Sunday-ah bazar na hunte kan nei
a, kan hlim tlang khawp mai. A tuk Monday
zing chu kan haw hun a ni der tawh a.
Tichuan Monday zingah train in kan
chhuak a. Kolkata a hunk an hman chhung
khan Pathinin min hruai a, a lawmawm khawp
mai. Sawi taw hang khan kan vawi 1 kalna a
-
- 28 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
Reader’s Forum
(Ph. 9856730643;
E-mail : [email protected])
$ Msj hi chhiar a nuamin a va bengvar
thlak thin tak em. Chhhiar ve thin zawng
zawngte chhiar chhunzawm zel ang u aw...
.xyz...
$ Msj hi ka hlawkpui thin khawp mai,
chhiar a manhla thin, ka zirlai pui zawng
zawngte lo chhiar ve thin ru, in hlawkpui
ve thin ngawt ang
-sangtei
$ Ka zirlaipui te u MSJ hi in chhiar ve
thin em? chhiar ve ngei ngei ru.. zirna
kawngah min pui nasa thin a nia.
- puizz..
$ Msj chhiar man hla khwp mai.. Beng
a tivarin min fuih phur khwp mai.. A
buaipuitute in ropui e. Kan lo chhiar zel
ang, lo tichhuak zel rawh u.
-Mama
$ Msj vul zel rawh se, kan hlawkpui
thin tehmai nia, lo ti chhuak zel rawh u
aw.
-fr forver
$ Msj hi tha ka ti ltk, mahse mathematics
leh physic lam class 10 tan a pawimawh hi
rawn tichhuak teh u, kan ram tan vanneih
phah theih hi ka ring tlat .
-9774677639
$ Kei chu MSJ hi tha ka va han ti tak
em! A buaipuitute in fakawm thlawt e Vul
zel ang che u.
-boysz
-ooOoo-
nih hlawm avangin kan hmuh apiang kha chu
kan tan thil thar vek mai a ni. New Market,
Fancy Bazar etc kan hun hman hlimawm tak
te cultural night a teacher te nena thiam lo
tak mai a kan zai te, chaw eina a sit kan in
hauh sak tlat te sawi tur a tam khawp mai.
Kan sawi vek seng dawn silo a. Engpawh
nise, sawi hmaih hauh lo tur chu guide teacher
te, Sir Pca, Sir Tea, Sir Marka, Miss
Hriatpuii leh Miss Zari te kan chunga an
\hatzia leh felzia kha aw!... Lawmthu sawina
tur atam khawp mai.
A tawp berna a tan chuan Eastern India
Science Fair 2016-a kan hun hmanpui te
zawng zawng District hrang hrang ami kan
\hiante, Aizawl District – Angela (St Pauls),
Jane (St Pauls), Duhawmi (St Pauls), Hruaia
(St Pauls), Zothana (St Pauls), Pci (St james),
Hriatpuia (St James), Linda ( PL HS), Jerusi
(PL HS) in vain in fel hlawm ka tiin in
ngaihawm takzet. Theihtawp chhuah a kan
zirlaiah hlawhtlinna chang ngei turin i bei \hin
ang u aw. Chuan Sir Pca, Sir Marksa leh
Linadai hla phuah pawh ngaihthlak leh a
chakawm khawp mai.
A tawn ber tak tak nan, SCERT hian
kumtin Science Exhibition a buatsaih \hin a.
(District Level leh State Level). State aiawha
thlan chhuah kher loh pawhin District level-
ah ringawt pawh hlawkna tak tak kan char
phah a, he thu chhiar apiang chuan ngai
pawimawh a, kan naute/fate/student- te tel
tir dan ngaihtuah a, \an la zel turin kan sawm
a che u.
-
Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 29 -
Science NewsScience NewsScience NewsScience NewsScience News
MILKY WAY THLALAK THAR
TICHHUAK TA
Chile rama
A P E X
t e l e s c o p e
a\anga Milky
Way (galaxy)
thlalak fiah fai
leh kimchang tak, ATLASGAL (The APEX
Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy)
tihchhuah thar a ni a, European Southern
Observatory scientist Carlos De Breuck
chuan, “A vawikhatna a tan kan chenna
leilung, planet earth awm ve-na galaxy
chhunga arsi insiam lai chhiarpui kan nei thei
ta a ni”, a ti. He Chile rama awm, APEX
radio telescope hi a enlenna darthlalang len
zawng feet 40 a ni a, tuifinriat a\anga feet
16,700-a sang Chajnantor Plateau-ah
telescope hi an bun a, APEX mapping hi
2007 kum July thla a\anga a\an tawh kha a
ni a, Galaxy hi fur tui lian ang maiin a nu phut
mai a, a vawt hle bawk a, boruak leh vaivut
te chu li vir ang main an vir vut vut mai a,
chutiang karah chuan arsi thar piang tur a
insiam mek hlawm bawk a ni.
HNAPKHIR KHEUH HI!
Hnapkhir kheuh lai leh kuhva hring ei tur a
chinai pan hnah-a tah lai tak hi mihring rilru-
ah sual a awm loh lai ber, rilru a thianghlim lai
ber a ni mai awm mang e, ka ti fo thin a!
Naupan lai hian hnapkhir ei chin dawklak lai
a awm leh bawk a, hauh leh khap tur an ni lo
[Familia Fanai Laltansanga]]]]]
va, haider mai mai tur a ni.Hnapkhir ei chin
hi a ngawl vei theih a ni lo va, sim chin an nei
ve leh mai zel. Sap doctor pakhat chuan
hnapkhir leh hnap hi naupang hrithlang
damdawi chi khat ni awm takin a ziak a ni. A
dikna chen pawh a awm a ni mai thei, naupan
laia hnapkhir ei ching vek kan ni hlawm a!
Thing delh loh lung delh lovin kan lo seilian
chu a ni phawt a! Hnapkhir ei vang leh hnap
eleven ei vanga naupang boral ta an sawi
awm pawh kan la hre ngai meuh lo zawng a
nih hi!
Hnap hi a nal a, hei hi siamtu kutchhuak ropui
tak mihring hriselna atana pawimawh tak
ralvengtu a nihna lai a awm a, ten ngawt tur
pawh a ni lo.Hnap hi naupangin a an ei a,an
lemin pawhin pumpui tan a tangkaina a awm
leh zel a nih chu. Hnap-ah hian antiseptic
enzymes (lysozyme) a awm a,
immunoglobulins, inorganic salts te bakah
proteins lactoferrin leh glycoproteins pawh
a lo awm leh zel an ti a nih chu. Inorganic salt
a tel avang hian hnap leh hnapkhir hi a lo al a
lo ni!
Hnapkhir kheuh hi sap \awng chuan
rhinotillexis an ti a, chin dawklaka neih hi
rhinotillexomania an ti a ni.
Nunna chu thaw hi a ni a, thaw chu chuap-
ah a lut a, lung a phut theihna turin oxygen a
siamsak a. Chuapa boruak thaw thianghlim
tak a luh thleihna tura filter pawimawh tak
chu hnap leh khak hi an ni ve tlat a ni.
-
- 30 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
MSJ tells you why
**************************
Rei tak tui chen hnu hian khawmuala kan chhuah hian a vawt a, tui chhungah aRei tak tui chen hnu hian khawmuala kan chhuah hian a vawt a, tui chhungah aRei tak tui chen hnu hian khawmuala kan chhuah hian a vawt a, tui chhungah aRei tak tui chen hnu hian khawmuala kan chhuah hian a vawt a, tui chhungah aRei tak tui chen hnu hian khawmuala kan chhuah hian a vawt a, tui chhungah a
lum kan ti zawk \hin, hei hi eng nge a chhan ni ang?lum kan ti zawk \hin, hei hi eng nge a chhan ni ang?lum kan ti zawk \hin, hei hi eng nge a chhan ni ang?lum kan ti zawk \hin, hei hi eng nge a chhan ni ang?lum kan ti zawk \hin, hei hi eng nge a chhan ni ang?
Hei hi substance ten lumna an khawl tam theih
zawngah a innghat a. Hetia substance (e.g.
tui, petrol, diesel, khawmual, lung, thing, thir,
etc) ten lumna an khawl tam theih zawng hi
Heat Capacity an ti a. Heat capacity hi a
define danah tak chuan substance
temperature 1oC-a tihsan belh tura chu
substance hnena lumna pek belh ngai tur zat
chu a ni. Heta lumna ngai tur zat hi a tam
chuan kha substance kha a sa har hle tihna a
ni a, chumi tlukpui tho chu – lumna (heat) a
khawl tam thei tih hi a ni leh a, chu mai bakah
a sat tawh hnuah chuan a dai leh har tihna a
ni nghal bawk.
Swimming pool-ah emaw luiah emaw kan
cheng a, rei tak kan chen hnuah tlai lamah
chuan tui a\anga khawmuala kan chhuahin
khawmual chu a vawt kan ti duh hle. Tuia
kan luh leh chuan a lo lum leh deuh pup \hin
a nih hi. Hei hi a chunga kan sawi tak Heat
capacity concept a\ang khian kan sawifiah
thei ang. Substance chi hrang hrangte hian
heat capacity value bik \heuh an nei vek a.
Tui leh leilung heat capacity chu a inang hauh
lova. Nature-a thil awmsa zingah hian tui heat
capacity hi a sang ber pawl a ni a, leilung
heat capacity hi chu tui heat capacity ai chuan
a hniam daih zawk a ni.
Chhunah niin tui leh khawmual chu a chhun
lum ngar ngar a, ni eng a\anga lumna chu an
lo khawl ve ngar ngar bawk a. Tlai lam a lo
nih chuan muang changin lumna an lo khawl
sa chu an hloh leh hret hret a. Tui chuan
khawmual/leilung aia tiatpui \heuh \heuhah
lumna a khawl tam theih zawk avangin a dai
har ta bik a. Khawmual a lo daih tak hnuah
pawh tui chu a la lum deuh bik \hin a ni.
Heat capacity concept tho hi motor-ah te
pawh engine sa lutuk tur tih daihna coolant
property tur sawifiahna pawh a ni nghal a.
Coolant chuan motor engine sa lutuk tur a
tidai tur a ni a, chumi awmzia chu lumna khawl
tam thei tak a ni tur tihna a ni a, i.e. heat
capacity sang tak a ni tur tihna. Motor engine
sa tak kha a coolant chuan a satna chu a lo
lak \hensak anga, engine chu a lo dai sawt
anga, coolant erawh chu a sa ve thung ang.
Heat Capacity nena inang thuak hian Specific
Heat Capacity a awm ve leh a. Hetah hi chuan
substance mass kha a mass tur nen chiang
taka sawi nghal a ni. Substance gram 1-a rit,
a temperature 1oC – a tihsan belh tura lumna
pek belh ngai zat hi Specific Heat Capacity
chu a ni.
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Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 31 -
CROSS - WORD NO. 124CROSS - WORD NO. 124CROSS - WORD NO. 124CROSS - WORD NO. 124CROSS - WORD NO. 124
(I chhanna chu May, 2016 chhungin STAM Office-ah rawn thehlut la, i tihdik vekchuan lawmman i dawng ang. Pakhat aia tam tidik vek in awm chuan thumvawr a niang. Chhanna chu Chanchinbu ami chehthlak emaw, xerox copy emaw, ziak chawpemaw pawhin thehluh theih a ni).
Chhangtu hming : ____________________________
Address : __________________________________
ChhukChhukChhukChhukChhuk
1 Thisen dawt \hin nungcha
2 Mipa tlangval \an tir
3 Lungngai/Ngui (sap \awng)
5 Lawinaa ken \hin
6 Chapo/Intivei
8 Hmun hniam lai/Kawr
9 A huhova chaw ei
12 Nghawnga dah/khai
13 Loneitute |hian
14 Theihnghilh hrat
16 Lungawi lohna hrilh hrep
17 Sawp hrep
19 Hmun pakhat a\anga hmun danga dah
22 |awng ringawt
PheiPheiPheiPheiPhei
1 Hmanlai ralthuam
4 Sat chhum
7 Thil nawh faina
8 Lawmman
9 Turu/rapthlak
10 Thinrim taka hrilh
11 Thla hming
15 Lirthei sei tak
18 Cher/Ti zit zet
20 Chhuk chho
21 Nihna lantir lo
22 Ngaihdam dil/Thiam loh thu sawi
23 Sa kap tura ramchhuak
24 Chem tah hriamna
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8
9
10 11 12 13
14
15 16 17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
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- 32 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016
KKKKKeimahnieimahnieimahnieimahnieimahni
*** April 2016 chhung hian Vigyan Prasar, DST, New Delhi leh STAM
buatsaihin Science Teacher te tan training “Hands on Activity” neih
tum a ni a. Elementary leh Secondary School-a Science zirtirtute pualin
he training hi buatsaih tum a ni. Chanchinbu kan buatsaih lai hian a hmun
leh a hun kan hre hman lova, kan rawn tarlang thei ta lo a ni.
2015-a MSJ cover te -