Jzyk angielski Korepetycje domowe - gandalf.com.pl wykaz najwa˝niejszych czasownikw...

Warszawa

Jzyk angielskiKorepetycje domowe

Maria Birkenmajer Elbieta Mako

program powtrek przed

> klaswk > matur > egzaminem

z testami sprawdzajcymi

Projekt graficzny: Joanna Gwis

Konsultacja: Jolanta Dobrowolska

Weryfikacja: Klaudyna Hildebrandt, Quendi Language Services/www.quendi.pl

Produkcja: Marzena Baranowska

Koordynacja projektu: Magorzata Kapuciska

Skad i amanie: PrioR/Joanna Gwis

Druk i oprawa: Zakad Graficzny COLONEL

2004 Langenscheidt Polska Sp. z o.o., Warszawa

02-548 Warszawa

ul. Grayny 13

ISBN 83-89718-14-6

Cena: 24,50 z

Copyright Langenscheidt Polska Sp. z o.o.

PRZEDMOWA

Korepetycje domowe to ksika, ktra stanowi owoc naszych wieloletnich dowiadcze

w nauczaniu jzyka angielskiego, naszej wieloletniej praktyki nauczycielskiej w polskich szkoach

rnego stopnia, z uczniami w rnym wieku i o zrnicowanych potrzebach.

Zauwayymy, e niezalenie od wieku i stopnia zaawansowania, wielu naszych uczniw

ma podobne problemy z jzykiem angielskim i popenia podobne bdy. Postanowiymy wyj

naprzeciw tym typowym dla polskich uczniw problemom i opracowa dla nich szybkie i skuteczne

korepetycje. Dobr przedstawionych struktur zgodny jest z nowym programem polskiej szkoy.

Kady rozdzia naszej ksiki skada si z krtkiego omwienia danego, kopotliwego problemu

jzykowego, podania prawidowych form oraz przykadw uycia, a take uwypuklenia typowych

dla Polakw bdw. Druga cz kadej korepetycji to wiczenia utrwalajce prawidowe formy.

Klucz do wicze znajduje si u dou strony.

Ksika nasza ma charakter samouczka, gdy trzeba szybko nadrobi braki lub choby tylko

sprawdzi, co umiemy, np. przed klaswk lub egzaminem, ale mona z niej korzysta rwnie

w codziennej nauce, w grupie szkolnej. Polecamy j take jako materia uzupeniajcy dla Polakw

uczcych si jzyka angielskiego na kursach.

Zakadamy, e korzystajce z naszych korepetycji osoby wybior po prostu te zagadnienia, ktre

chc powtrzy i utrwali. Ksika nie wymaga czytania od deski do deski. Jeli masz problem

z jakim zagadnieniem gramatycznym, po prostu odszukaj w spisie treci odpowiedni rozdzia (unit).

Stopie trudnoci omawianych zagadnie oznaczono symbolem umieszczonym w prawym grnym

rogu. Rozdziay opatrzone symbolem to poziom podstawowy (basic), rozdziay oznaczone

symbolem poziom rednio zaawansowany (intermediate), a symbolem poziom

bardziej zaawansowany (advanced). Aby dobrze zda matur na poziomie podstawowym, trzeba

opanowa zagadnienia zarwno w czci basic, jak i intermediate; dla maturalnego poziomu

podstawowego niezbdna bdzie dobra znajomo wszystkich struktur przedstawionych w ksice,

rwnie tych z rozdziaw advanced. Kady 25-ty rozdzia to test zwany CONSOLIDATION, sprawdzajcy

opanowanie materiau w poprzednich 24 jednostkach.

Na kocu ksiki zamieciymy zadania egzaminacyjne typu maturalnego dla dwch poziomw

podstawowego i zaawansowanego, list najczciej spotykanych czasownikw frazowych

oraz wykaz najwaniejszych czasownikw nieregularnych wraz z ich polskimi odpowiednikami.

Majc nadziej, e nasza ksika okae si pomocna w opanowaniu przez polskich uczniw zawioci

gramatyki angielskiej, yczymy sukcesw wszystkim uczcym si tego piknego i tak popularnego

w wiecie jzyka.

Autorki

Langenscheidt Polska 2004


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SPIS TRECI

przedmowa

spis treci

three books/two women REGULAR AND IRREGULAR NOUNS an apple/some advice COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNSJennys book/my sisters jacket SAXON GENITIVE an apple/the apple/apples ARTICLES A/AN/THE/ZERO ARTICLEI/me/my/mine PERSONAL PRONOUNS POSSESSIVESlong/longer/the longest beautiful/more beautiful/the most beautifulCOMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

quickly/easily ADVERB in/on/at/between/among PREPOSITIONS OF TIME AND PLACEI am/you are BE PRESENT SIMPLE THERE IS/THERE AREI have/I have got PRESENT SIMPLEI do/I work PRESENT SIMPLE I am doing/ I am working PRESENT CONTINUOUS now/always/often TIME EXPRESSIONS PRESENT SIMPLE & PRESENT CONTINUOUSI was/they were PAST SIMPLE I had/I didnt have PAST SIMPLEI did/I worked PAST SIMPLEI was doing/I was working PAST CONTINUOUSI have worked/I have done/I have been PRESENT PERFECTI did & I have done PAST SIMPLE & PRESENT PERFECTI will do/I will be FUTURE SIMPLE be going toI can do CANmust/have to/have got to doCONSOLIDATION

two coffees/coffee NOUNS: COUNTABLE OR UNCOUNTABLE?scissors/door/family/police SINGULAR OR PLURALa swarm of bees/the homeless GROUP NOUNSa film star/a T-shirt/sunglasses COMPOUND NOUNSgoing/doing/swimming GERUNDthe Pacific/the British Isles/the USA THE ARTICLE PRECEDING GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES

in prison, in the prison ARTICLES WITH PLACESthe one on the right PRONOUNS ONE, ONES

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myself/ourselves/yourself/yourselves REFLEXIVE PRONOUNSanother/the second/other/the other/others/the othersall/whole/everyevery/each/each ofeach other/one anotherboth (of)/either (of)/neither (of)IT as a subjectIT as a subject/THERE as a subject(a) little/(a) fewmore/less/fewer/the most/the least/the fewestenough/tooA nice large new house ORDER OF ADJECTIVES Good-looking man/high-heeled shoes COMPOUND ADJECTIVES asas/not soaslike/asSo/such/so that CONSOLIDATIONdo/lets do THE IMPERATIVEneed/dont need/needntmust/need/have to/have got to NEGATIONshould/ought to can do/could do/may do/might domust be/cant be/could be/may be/might be EXPRESSING SUPPOSITIONS: PRESENT AND FUTURE

I have been doing PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUSI had done/I had worked PAST PERFECTI had been doing/I had been working PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS He does/He will do PRESENT HABITSused to do/would do PAST HABITS AND STATESused to do/be used to do/get used to doto do/to be doing/to have done/to be done/to have been done THE INFINITIVEwas invented/is being made THE PASSIVE (1)I was told/We were given THE PASSIVE (2)He is said to be bossy/It is said that THE PASSIVE (3)to have something done THE PASSIVE (4) CAUSATIVE HAVEOne/you THE PASSIVE (5)He said he was at home. REPORTED SPEECH (1) REPORTING STATEMENTSShe asked if he loved her REPORTED SPEECH (2) REPORTING QUESTIONSHe told me to listen REPORTED SPEECH (3) REPORTING REQUESTS/COMMANDSCould you tell me EMBEDDED QUESTIONSYoure free, arent you? QUESTION TAGSIm hungry. Are you? ECHO QUESTIONSCONSOLIDATION

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Ill be doing FUTURE CONTINUOUSI will have worked/I will have been working FUTURE PERFECT/FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I meet/Im meeting/Im going to meet/I will meet EXPRESSING FUTURE When you heat snow, it melts CONDITIONAL 0If you study hard, you will pass the exam CONDITIONAL 1If I were a queen CONDITIONAL 2If I have/If I had CONDITIONAL 1 & 2If I had worked CONDITIONAL 3MIXED CONDITIONALS

unless/provided/providing (that)/suppose/supposing/in case/even thoughI wish/if onlyIts time to do it.Id rather/Id sooner/Id prefer/rather than prefer driving/prefer to drive/would preferhad better do/should doI could do it./I was able to do it./I had to do it.EXPRESSING PAST ABILITY/PAST OBLIGATION

must have done/cant have done/should have doneEXPRESSING SUPPOSITIONS ABOUT THE PAST

could have done/may have done/might have done EXPRESSING SUPPOSITIONS IN THE PAST (2)NEED+ -ing/NEED + to be/to get/NEED+to have something doneSTATE AND ACTION VERBS

VERB + INFINITIVE/TO-INFINITIVE

VERB + -ING

VERB + -ING, TO-INFINITIVE DIFFERENT MEANINGS

OTHER REPORTING VERBS

CONSOLIDATIONSo do I INVERSIONNot only/No sooner/Little/Seldom INVERSION AFTER NEGATIVE ADVERBIALSSTYLISTIC INVERSION

CONDITIONALS WITH INVERSION

CONDITIONALS IN REPORTED SPEECH

Do sit down/It was Jack who EMPHASISTRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS

SUBJECT AND OBJECT QUESTIONS

The man who lives next door/The house which has been sold DEFINING/NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

the man you were talking about/the job he applied forDEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (1)

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ADVANCED


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the girl who(m) Tom dates/the people whose dog attacked ours/the town where I live DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (2)Bob, with whom I fell in love years ago, is Scottish.NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

On hearing the news, Mary jumped with joy. PARTICIPLE CLAUSES (1)The roof damaged by the wind is now being repaired.PARTICIPLE CLAUSES (2)Long live the Republic! SUBJUNCTIVElook/look like/look as if/look as thoughbe to do/be bound to do/be about to doVERBS WITH PREPOSITIONS

good at/bored with/interested in ADJECTIVES WITH PREPOSITIONSAlthough/Despite CONTRASTING WORDS/CONJUNCTIONSso that/in order to/due to/because ofLINKING WORDS (1) CONNECTING IDEAS WITHIN A SENTENCE (1)as soon as/while/whereas/even though/however LINKING WORDS (2) CONNECTING IDEAS WITHIN SENTENCES (2)apparently/in general LINKING WORDS (3)CONNECTING IDEAS WITHIN TEXTS (1)similarly, by contrast/incidentally/consequently LINKING WORDS (4) CONNECTING IDEAS WITHIN TEXTS (2)CONSOLIDATIONzadania typu maturalnego poziom podstawowy

zadania typu maturalnego poziom rozszerzony

PHRASAL VERBS a selection IRREGULAR VERBS a selection

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UNIT 1 three books/two women REGULAR AND IRREGULAR NOUNS

Jane has two cats. Jane ma dwa koty.Have you got any matches in the house? Czy masz w domu zapaki?We must buy some tomatoes. Musimy kupi troch pomidorw.Peter and John are talking to their wives. Peter i John rozmawiaj ze swymi onami.

JAK TWORZYSZ LICZB MNOG RZECZOWNIKW?

Do wikszoci rzeczownikw dodajesz kocwk s lub es, np. book books, match matches.S to tzw. rzeczowniki regularne.

JAK TO SI PISZE?

4 sposoby na tworzenie liczby mnogiej rzeczownikw regularnych w zalenoci od kocwki.

ch, sh, s, x -eschurch churches, bush bushes, bus buses, box boxeso -estomato tomatoes, potato potatoes, ale np. tuxedo tuxedos-y po spgosce -i+esfamily families, university universities, party parties, dolly dollies-f (e) -veswife wives, wolf wolves, ale np. roof-roofs, chef chefs

Most children like sweets. Wikszo dzieci lubi sodycze.Men usually earn more than women. Mczyni zwykle zarabiaj wicej ni kobiety.Wild geese dont fly away for winter. Dzikie gsi nie odlatuj na zim.

Rzeczowniki nieregularne tworz liczb mnog w odrbny sposb:man men, woman women, child children, foot feet, tooth teeth, goose geese, mouse mice.Niektre rzeczowniki, jak np. sheep, deer, fish, salmon maj identyczn form w liczbie pojedynczej i mnogiej.Niektre rzeczowniki wystpuj, podobnie jak w jzyku polskim, tylko w liczbie mnogiej, np. scissors, trousers, jeans, pants, knickers.

TYPOWE BDY UWAA J !

le: There are many childrens in my school. PODPOWIED: Nie dodawaj kocwki s

do rzeczownikw nieregularnych, ktre ju s w liczbie mnogiej.

Dobrze: There are many children in my school.

some dogs

some horses

some fish

Old Macdonald has a farm.

some sheep

9I. Znajd 19 ukrytych rzeczownikw w liczbie mnogiej.

H O U S E S A G A BD O G S W B T E B RC A B M O F E E T OF A M I L I E S B TO U O C V L T E U HR N N E E M H F S EK T T D S S D O H RS S H E E B O X E SF F S T O R I E S FT O M A T O E S G G

II. Wstaw podany rzeczownik w liczbie mnogiej.

1. We need more ______________ to make the soup. (potato)2. Be careful, these ______________ are very sharp. (knife)3. Do you know the song about blind ______________? (mouse)4. Do you use Snow White toothpaste to brush your ______________? (tooth)5. Please dont feed the ______________ (monkey)6. Are these ______________ really made of gold? (watch)

III. Znajd w kadej z linijek jeden rzeczownik, ktry nie pasuje do pozostaych.

1. cows tables bags news2. scissors shorts doors jeans3. roof leaf wife knife4. advice information sheep furniture5. potato avocado tomato tuxedo6. salmon geese deer trout7. play family dictionary university

IV. Przetumacz.

1. Cicho bd, ci mczyni owi ryby.2. Czy to twj ojciec zrobi te pki na ksiki?3. Trzy kobiety rozmawiaj na przystanku.4. Lubi ryby.5. Susan boi si myszy.

I. 1. families 2. feet 3. wolves 4. mice 5. months 6. teeth 7. geese 8. brothers 9. boxes 10. stories 11. bushes 12. forks 13. tomatoes 14. houses 15. dogs 16. films 17. aunts 18. foxes 19. months II. 1. potatoes 2. knives 3. mice 4. teeth 5. monkeys 6. watches III. 1. news 2. doors 3. roof 4. sheep 5. tuxedo 6. geese 7. playIV. 1. Be quiet, these men are fishing. 2. Has your father made these beautiful bookshelves. 3 Three women are talking at the bus stop. 4. I like fish. 5. Susan is afraid of mice.

YOUR TURN NOW! TERAZ KOLEJ NA CIEBIE!

KLUCZ



UNIT 2 an apple/some advice COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

We need some apples to make an apple pie. Potrzebujemy troch jabek, aby zrobi szarlotk.I can give you an apple if you want. Mog da ci jabko, jeli chcesz.I can give you some good advice. Mog da ci dobr rad.We must have a lot of apples to make a pie. Musimy mie wiele jabek by zrobi szarlotk.

Rzeczowniki policzalne s to nazwy osb lub rzeczy, ktre mona bezporednio policzy.

Rzeczowniki niepoliczalne s to najczciej nazwy materiaw (cotton), substancji (water), lub uczu (love).

JAK ODRNISZ, CZY RZECZOWNIK JEST POLICZALNY, CZY NIEPOLICZALNY?

Rzeczowniki policzalne tworz liczb mnog. W liczbie pojedynczej s czsto poprzedzone przedimkiem nieokrelonym a/an. Mog by poprzedzone okreleniami iloci, takimi jak some,many, any, (a) few, a lot of, lots of, plenty of.

Rzeczowniki niepoliczalne wystpuj tylko w liczbie pojedynczej i cz si z czasownikiem w liczbie pojedynczej. Nie wystpuj z przedimkiem nieokrelonym a/an ani z liczebnikami. Mog by poprzedzone przedimkiem okrelonym the lub okreleniami iloci much, (a) little,a lot of, lots of. Czsto nie s poprzedzone ani przedimkiem, ani okreleniem iloci.

Uwaaj na rzeczowniki advice, news, information, homework, money i furniture s niepoliczalne! Jeli chcesz wyrazi okrelon ilo (np. jedn wiadomo lub dwa meble),uyj wyraenia a piece of. Dla innych rzeczownikw niepoliczalnych musisz te uy okreleniailoci, np. some money, lub jakiej innej miary, np. a bottle of water.

TYPOWE BDY UWAA J !

le: This is a good advice. PODPOWIED: Nie traktuj rzeczownikw niepoliczalnych jako policzalne,

mimo i po polsku s one policzalne.Dobrze: This is good advice.

le: I have two advices for you. PODPOWIED: Nie uywaj liczebnikw przed rzeczownikiem niepoliczalnym

traktujc go tak, jakby by policzalny.Dobrze: I have two pieces of advice for you.

le: He never has many money. PODPOWIED: Nie uywaj bdnego okrelenia iloci. Many wystepuje tylko z rzeczownikiem

policzalnym w liczbie mnogiejDobrze: He never has much money.

11I. Zakrel rzeczowniki niepoliczalne.

advice driver city news money apple tractor water happiness classroom luck furniture newspaper bed information woman dollar attraction holiday love night sugar milk

II. Wstaw podane rzeczowniki w odpowiedniej formie.

1. Ive got some good ____________ for you: were going to France for two____________! (news, week)

2. There are a lot of lovely ____________ in this ____________. (house, street)3. She married for ____________, not for ____________. (love, money)4. We must have three ____________ for the ____________. (bowl, soup) 5. How much ____________ do we need to get to the ____________? (time, mountain)6. Can I give you some ____________ about some good ____________ in my town?

(advice, pub)7. How many ____________ of ____________ do you want to have in your room?

(piece, furniture)

III. Przetumacz na jzyk angielski fragmenty zda podane w nawiasach.

1. I have [nowe meble] in my room.2. [Ulice w twoim miecie] are very clean.3. I must buy [troch ryu].4. Yesterday I heard [dwie wane informacje].5. [Pienidze nie s] so important.

IV. A teraz popraw bdy! (Uwaga! Jedno zdanie jest poprawne.)

1. There are much cars in this street.2. I havent many moneys in my wallet.3. What are the news?4. When in the love, trust your heart.5. We havent got any new informations about Mary.6. I must buy some cornflakes for breakfast.7. The advices she gave us were all wrong.

I. advice news money water happiness luck furniture information love sugar milk II. 1. news, weeks2. houses, street 3. love, money 4. bowls, soup 5. time, mountains 6. advice, pubs 7. pieces, furniture III. 1. I havesome new furniture in my room. 2. (The) streets in your town are very clean. 3. I must buy some rice. 4. YesterdayI heard two pieces of important information. 5. Money isnt so important. IV. 1. There are many cars in this street.2. I havent much money in my wallet. 3. What is the news? 4. When in love, trust your heart. 5. We havent got anynew information about Mary. 6. OK 7. The advice she gave us was all wrong.


KLUCZ


UNIT 3 Jennys book/my sisters jacket SAXON GENITIVE

This is my parents flat. To jest mieszkanie moich rodzicw.I bought these flowers at the florists. Kupiam te kwiaty w kwiaciarni.I like this cars design. Podoba mi si linia tego samochodu.Were studying at Anns for the test. Uczymy si do testu u Anny.

KIEDY UYWASZ SAXON GENITIVE?

1. Gdy mwisz o tym, e co lub kto naley do kogo lub czego.2. Gdy mwisz o miejscach takich jak sklepy, zakady usugowe.3. Gdy mwisz o tym, e u kogo jeste lub idziesz do kogo, np. I went to my aunts.

TYPOWE BDY UWAA J !

Zabawki chopcw s na tej pce.le: The boys toys are on this shelf.

PODPOWIED: Gdy co naley do wicej ni jednej osoby, dodajesz sam apostrof do rzeczownikaw liczbie mnogiej.

Dobrze: The boys toys are on this shelf.

le: Anns and Peters children are very naughty. PODPOWIED: Jeli wymieniasz kilku wacicieli, dodajesz s tylko do ostatniego rzeczownika.

Dobrze: Ann and Peters children are very naughty.

le: I met Mary at the greengrocer. PODPOWIED: Gdy mwisz o miejscach takich jak np. sklep opuszczasz sowo shop.

Zostaje samo okrelenie w formie Saxon Genitive, at the butchers w sklepie misnym at the newsagents w kiosku at the florists w kwiaciarni.

Dobrze: I met Mary at the greengrocers.

Daisy works

at a florists.


13I. Przekszta odpowiedzi wg wzoru.

WZR A: Is this your pen? B: No, it belongs to Jenny. Its Jennys.1. A: Is this your money?

B: No, I think it belongs to Bill. Its ____________________.2. A: Is this Bens mobile?

B: No, it belongs to his brother. Its his ____________________.3. A: Are these Johns books?

B: No, they belong to Peter and Jean. They are____________________. 4. A: Is this Maxs house?

B: No, it belongs to the Thompsons. Its ____________________.

II. Dopasuj powki zda.

1. My sister works at greengrocers A. go to the doctors.2. You are ill, B. and she sells vegetables.3. Im going to London and Ill stay C. so he must take it to the watchmakers.4. Toms alarm clock doesnt work D. so she must go to the newsagents.5. Mary wants to buy a new magazine E. at my aunts.

III. Przetumacz podane zdania na jzyk angielski.1. Wczoraj spotkaem Susan w sklepie spoywczym. 2. To jest sownik Jacka i Tomka.3. Kupiam te spodnie u Marksa i Spencera.4. To jest koci w. Jakuba.5. Impreza u Mary bya bardzo udana.6. Szkoa chopcw jest na Starym Miecie.

IV. A teraz popraw bdy!1. We usually spend our holidays at our grandmother.2. This is Toms and Johns room.3. We practise football at Legia pitch twice a week.4. My mother buys fresh salmon at the fishmonger.5. The Brownss dog is barking.

I. 1. Its Bills. 2. Its his brothers. 3. They are Peter and Jeans. 4. Its the Thompsons. II. 1B, 2A, 3E,4C, 5D; III. 1. Yesterday I met Susan at the grocers. / I met Susan at the grocers yesterday. 2. This is Jack and Tomsdictionary. 3. Ive bought these trousers at Marks and Spencers. 4. This is St. Jamess church. 5. The party at Marys/Marys party was very good. 6. The boys school is in the Old Town. IV. 1 We usually spend our holidays at ourgrandmothers. 2. This is Tom and Johns room. 3. We practise football at Legias pitch twice week. 4. My motherbuys fresh salmon at the fishmongers. 5. The Browns dog is barking.


KLUCZ



UNIT 4 an apple/the apple/apples ARTICLES A/AN/THE/ZERO ARTICLE

An apple is a kind of fruit. Jabko to rodzaj owocu.Apples are cheap. Jabka s tanie.The apple I have in my hand is rotten.Jabko, ktre mam w rce, jest zgnie.Give me a sour apple. Daj mi kwane jabko.

JAK STOSUJESZ PRZEDIMKI?

Przedimek nieokrelony a/an uywany jest z rzeczownikami policzalnymi w liczbie pojedynczej, gdy:

1. mwisz o kim lub o czym po raz pierwszy (John has a dog.)2. podajesz ogln charakterystyk (definicj) osoby lub rzeczy

(An apple is a kind of fruit.)3. przed przymiotnikiem poprzedzajcym rzeczownik policzalny w liczbie pojedynczej

(She is a nice girl.)

A stosujesz przed wyrazem zaczynajcym si na spgosk, an gdy wyraz zaczyna si na samogosk. Jeli rzeczownik zaczyna si na niem spgosk, stosuj an (an hour). Jeli rzeczownik zaczyna si na e lub u wymawiane z j na pocztku, stosuj przedimek a(a unit, a eucalyptus).

Przedimek okrelony the uywany jest z rzeczownikami policzalnymi i niepoliczalnymi, gdy:1. mwisz o kim lub o czym, co jest znane albo o czym ju bya mowa 2. wspominasz o czym, co jest jedyne/unikalne (Most people in Europe use the Internet.)

Przedimek tzw. zerowy, czyli opuszczenie przedimka, ma miejsce1. przed rzeczownikami policzalnymi w liczbie mnogiej, gdy mwisz o kim lub o czym

po raz pierwszy, lub stwierdzasz prawd oglnie znan (Apples are good to eat.)2. przed rzeczownikami niepoliczalnymi (Happiness is not for sale.)

TYPOWE BDY UWAA J !

le: You have nice house. PODPOWIED: Jeli przymiotnik poprzedza rzeczownik policzalny w liczbie pojedynczej,

musisz uy przedimka.Dobrze: You have a nice house.

le: Every policeman wears an uniform. PODPOWIED: Wybr przedimka a/an zaley od wymowy nastpujcego po nim sowa.

Dobrze: Every policeman wears a uniform.

15I. Wybierz waciwy przedimek. Pamitaj o przedimku zerowym!

1. Bob is a/the/-/ teacher. He teaches a/the/-/ geography.2. Is a/the/-/ basketball a/the/-/ team game?3. I must buy a/ the/-/ new computer. A/the/-/ old one is out of order. 4. You know that Philip works in a/the/-/ Volvo garage. Its a/ the/-/ best Volvo garage in

our town.5. Susanna never has a/the/-/ time for work. She prefers to go to lots of a/ the/-/ parties.6. Peter is looking for a/the/-/ new job. Hes bored with a/the/-/ old one.

II. Wstaw odpowiedni przedimek. Pamitaj o przedimku zerowym!

Mary: _____(1) apples are expensive this year. John: These apples are _____ (2) nice. Where did you buy them? At _____ (3) small shop

in Nicolson Square?Mary: No, I went to _____ (4) supermarket in Church Road.John: That was _____ (5) mistake. _____ (6) supermarkets sell _____ (7) imported

apples, not home-grown ones. They are always more expensive.Mary: OK. Next time Ill go to _____ (8) small shop in Nicolson Square.

III. Przetumacz na jzyk angielski. Pamitaj o przedimkach!

1. cisz radio, prosz. Muzyka jest badzo gona i ssiedzi s li.2. Egzamin trwa godzin i zadania byy trudne.3. Spnilimy si na autobus i nie pojechalimy na wycieczk.4. To jest koniec autostrady. Musimy teraz zjecha na lewo na dwupasmwk. 5. Joanna jest wegetariank i nie je misa.6. Jedz marchewk. Warzywa maj mas witamin.

IV. A teraz popraw bdy!

1. I never eat the chocolate. 2. Is there underground station near here?3. Beckham is a best player in his team.4. Kate works as the hairdresser.5. Ildiko comes from Hungary so shes an European.6. A my boyfriend likes the action films. 7. Susan is a tall.

I. 1 a, - 2-, a 3 a, the 4 a/the, the 5 -, - 6 a, the II. 1- 2 - 3 the 4 the 5 a 6 - 7- 8 the III. 1. Turn downthe radio, please. The music is very loud and the neighbours are angry. 2. The exam lasted an hour and the tasks weredifficult. 3. We missed the bus and didnt go for the trip/excursion. 4. This is the end of the motorway. We must turnleft into a/the dual carriageway. 5. Joan is a vegetarian and she doesnt eat meat. 6. Eat the carrot. Vegetables havea lot of vitamins. IV. 1. I never eat chocolate. 2. Is there an underground station near here? 3. Beckham is the bestplayer in his team. 4. Kate works as a hairdresser. 5. Ildiko comes from Hungary so shes a European. 6. My boyfriendlikes action films. 7. Susan is tall.


KLUCZ

We missedthe bus...

(dual carriageway)



UNIT 5 I/me/my/mine PERSONAL PRONOUNS POSSESSIVES

Tell me about them. Opowiedz mi o nich.Its my dog. To mj pies.This book is mine. Ta ksika jest moja.

FORMY ZAIMKW OSOBOWYCH I OKRELNIKW DZIERAWCZYCH

who/what (kto/co) I, you, he, she, it, we, they

whose (czyje) my, your, his, her, its, our, theirte formy wystpuj przed rzeczownikiemmine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirste formy nie poprzedzaj rzeczownika

who(m) (komu/kogo) me, you, him, her, it, us, them

Zaimki he/she odnosz si tylko do osb oraz do zwierzt, ktrych pe znamy. W stosunku do rzeczy i zwierzt oglnie uywamy zaimkw it/they.

TYPOWE BDY UWAA J !

le: Yours dogs are very noisy. PODPOWIED: Formy dzierawcze yours, hers, ours, theirs nie s liczb mnog form

your, her, our, their.Dobrze: Your dogs are very noisy.

le: This room is my/your/her/our/their. PODPOWIED: Form my, your, our, their nie stosuje si na kocu zdania.

Dobrze: This room is mine/yours/hers/ours/theirs.

le: This is a dog and its bone. PODPOWIED: Okrelnik dzierawczy its piszemy bez apostrofu. Forma its = it is / it has.

Dobrze: This is a dog and its bone.

le: This is Susan with shes dog. PODPOWIED: Nie myl formy shes i her. Shes = she is/she has.

Dobrze: This is Susan with her dog.

le: I like your dress. Shes lovely. PODPOWIED: Nie stosuj zaimkw he, she w odniesieniu do przedmiotw.

Dobrze: I like your dress. Its lovely.

17I. Wybierz odpowiednie sowo.

1. These are your/yours toys.2. My/mine cats are cute.3. Those shoes are my/mine.4. This is their/theirs car.5. This is your room and that one is her/hers.

II. Dokocz zdania odpowiednim zaimkiem.

WZR I dont know these people. Do you know them? (they)1. I dont know this man. Do you know _____? (he)2. This book is mine and that one is _____ (she)3. Im talking to you. Listen to _____ (I ) 4. Our school is bigger than _____ (they)5. Your room is nicer than _____ (I )6. Their car is faster than _____(we)

III. Przetumacz na jzyk angielski.

1. Te walizki s nasze. 2. Znasz j?3. To mj chopak.4. Opowiedz mi o tym.5. Daj mu ten klucz.6. To jest ich nowy samochd.


1. This is a my computer.2. Yours friends are very talkative.3. The baby is playing with its toy.4. Sorry, but this umbrella is my.5. This doll is her.6. Give me theirs books.7. I dont like this blouse. Shes ugly.

I. 1. your 2. my 3. mine 4. their 5. hers II. 1. him 2. hers 3. me 4. theirs 5. mine 6. ours III. 1. These suitcases are ours. 2. Do you know her? 3. This is my boyfriend. 4. Tell me about it. 5. Give him this key/Give thiskey to him. 6. This is their new car. IV. 1. This is my computer. 2. Your friends are very talkative. 3. The baby is playing with its toy. 4. Sorry, but this umbrella is mine. 5. This doll is hers. 6. Give me their books. 7. I dont like thisblouse. Its ugly.


KLUCZ

Proverb:Every bird loves its nest.

Przysowie:Kady ptak koc

ha swoje gniazdo.



UNIT 6 long/longer/the longest beautiful/more beautiful/the most beautiful COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Tim is strong but John is stronger and Jack is the strongest. Tim jest silny, ale John jest silniejszy, a Jack (jest) najsilniejszy.David is the most intelligent man I know. David jest najinteligentniejszym czowiekiem, jakiego znam.

Przymiotnik w jzyku angielskim ma tak sam form niezalenie od rodzaju (mski, eski, nijaki) i liczby.

JAK STOPNIUJESZ PRZYMIOTNIKI?

Dodajesz kocwk (e)r w stopniu wyszym i (e)st w stopniu najwyszym.nice nicer the nicest

Przymiotniki zakoczone na spgosk po jednej samogosce podwajaj spgosk. hot hotter the hottest

W przypadku przymiotnikw zakoczonych na y nastpuje zamiana y na i oraz dodanie -er/-est.friendly friendlier the friendliest

Przymiotniki dusze oraz zakoczone na -ful, -less, -ing, -ed stopniujemy opisowo (more, the most)beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful

PRZYMIOTNIKI NIEREGULARNE

bad worse the worst; good better the best; far further/farther the furthest/farthest

JAK PORWNUJESZ DWIE RZECZY LUB OSOBY?

Susan is taller than Jenny. She is more intelligent than her friend.

TYPOWE BDY UWAA J !

le: Anne is more nice than her sister. PODPOWIED: Przymiotniki jednosylabowe stopniujesz dodajc odpowiedni kocwk.

Dobrze: Anne is nicer than her sister.

le: Adam is fatter then Matthew.PODPOWIED: Istniej dwa sowa o podobnej pisowni, ale rnym znaczeniu: than i then.Than = ni, Then = potem

Dobrze: Adam is fatter than Matthew.

le: She is beautifull. PODPOWIED: Tylko przymiotnik full = peny pisze si przez dwa l.

Kocwka przymiotnika -ful ma zawsze jedno l!Dobrze: She is beautiful.

19I. Pocz przeciwstawne przymiotniki

1. good A. ugly2. pretty B. cold3. careful C. dangerous4. safe D. ill5. warm E. bad6. healthy F. careless7. interesting G. interested8. bored H. boring

II. Wybierz odpowiedni form przymiotnika

1. Which is heavier/heaviest: 1 kg of fluff or 1 kg of stones?2. Susan is fatter/the fattest girl Ive ever met.3. I think Glasgow is farther/farthest than Edinburgh.4. Hannah is proud/the proudest woman I know.5. This book is expensive/more expensive than that one.

III. Przetumacz na jzyk angielski.

1. Mj tata jest silniejszy ni twj!2. Babcia Alicja jest najstarsza w naszej rodzinie.3. To jest najmodsze dziecko Thomsonw.4. Mj komputer jest szybszy od twojego (ni twj).5. Tom jest mdrzejszy od Billa.


1. U2 is more popular Irish band.2. My room is bigger then yours.3. Clive isnt very tallest. 4. Barbara is prettiest in our class.5. Be carefull! Its hotter than you think.6. These flowers are more nicer than those ones.

DID YOU KNOW?

According to 38 % of women asked in a poll carried out in Britain in August 2003, Prince William has the sexiest eyes in Britain!

I. 1E 2A 3F 4C 5B 6D 7H 8G II. 1. heavier 2. the fattest 3. farther 4. the proudest 5. more expensiveIII. 1. My dad is stronger than yours. 2. Grandma Alice is the oldest/eldest in our family. 3. This is the Thomsonsyoungest child. 4. My computer is faster than yours. 5. Tom is cleverer/more clever than Bill. IV. 1. U2 is the mostpopular Irish band. 2. My room is bigger than yours. 3. Clive isnt very tall. 4. Barbara is the prettiest in our class.5. Be careful! Its hotter than you think. 6. These flowers are nicer than those ones.


KLUCZ



UNIT 7 quickly/easily ADVERB

She writes quickly. Ona szybko pisze.Walk carefully. Id ostronie.He won the race easily. Wygra wycig z atwoci (atwo).

Przyswek odpowiada na pytanie How? (Jak?), okrela wic czasownik i czsto jest na kocu zdania.She has a beautiful voice. She sings beautifully.

JAK TWORZYSZ PRZYSWKI?

Oto sposoby tworzenia przyswkw w zalenoci od kocwki przymiotnika:1. Do przymiotnika dodajesz kocwk ly (slow slowly)2. Jeli przymiotnik koczy si na le, opuszczasz e i dodajesz ly (terrible terribly)3. Jeli przymiotnik koczy si na y, zamieniasz y na i oraz dodajesz kocwk ly.

(easy easily)4. Niektre przymiotniki i przyswki maj tak sam form, np. far, fast, hard, high, low, near.5. Istnieje przyswek hardly, lecz jego znaczenie jest zupenie inne:

He works hard. On ciko pracuje. He hardly works. On prawie wcale nie pracuje.

JAK STOPNIUJESZ PRZYSWKI?

Jednosylabowe przyswki er, the est.fast faster fastest

Dusze przyswki more, the most.beautifully more beautifully most beautifully

Przyswki nieregularnewell better the bestbadly worse the worstlittle less the leastfar farther the farthest

TYPOWE BDY UWAA J !

le: She speaks English good/fluent. PODPOWIED: Nie stosuj przymiotnika zamiast przyswka, gdy jest mowa jak dan czynno wykonano.

Dobrze: She speaks English well/fluently.

le: He laughed happyly. PODPOWIED: Pamitaj o zamianie y na i przy tworzeniu przyswkw od przymiotnikw

zakoczonych na y.Dobrze: He laughed happily.

HOTSPOT

W mowie potocznej, szczeglnie modzieowej, zdarza si, e przyswek zostaje zastpionyprzymiotnikiem. Mona wic usysze taki dialog: How are you? I am good zamiast I am well.Pamitaj, e nie jest to jednak forma w peni poprawna i nie uyj jej np. na egzaminie!

Dont walk so slowly!Hurry up!

21I. Ktre z wyrazw w ramce na pewno nie s przyswkami?

hard lucky friendly nicely quickly heavy far noisy better bad quietly fast well small

II. Dokocz zdania wg wzoru.

WZR Helen is a good student. She learns well.1. Greg is a fast runner. He runs _________.2. My boyfriend is a secret smoker. He smokes __________.3. Sabrina is a wonderful singer. She sings ___________.4. The children are very noisy. They play ___________.5. Martha is a hard worker. She works __________.

III. Wybierz odpowiedni wyraz.

1. Your homework is very good. You wrote it good/well.

2. Finish it quick/quickly!3. Be quiet/quietly, Im studying.4. Be good/well and help me, please.5. My little brother is very careful/carefully.6. I understand you perfect/perfectly.

IV. Przetumacz na jzyk angielski.

1. Ona piknie maluje.2. Pani Brown jest z nauczycielk i le nas uczy.3. Wczoraj mocno padao.4. Mwi dobrze po angielsku.5. Dzieciaki gono krzycz.

V. A teraz popraw bdy!

1. Im sorry Im lately.2. I always drive careful.3. Martin can do this exercise easy.4. Susan is running more fast than Jenny.5. Tom pushed the door hardly.

I. lucky, friendly, heavy, noisy, bad, small s przymiotnikami; II. 1. fast 2. secretly 3. wonderfully 4. noisily5. hard III. 1. well, 2. quickly, 3. quiet, 4. good, 5. careful, 6. perfectly IV. 1. She paints beautifully. 2. Mrs Brown isa bad teacher and teaches us badly. 3. Yesterday it rained heavily. 4. I speak English well. 5. The kids are shoutingloudly. V. 1. Im sorry Im late. 2. I always drive carefully. 3. Martin can do this exercise easily. 4. Susan is runningfaster than Jenny. 5. Tom pushed the door hard.


KLUCZ



UNIT 8 in/on/at/between/among

WHERE? PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

You can see my boyfriend in this picture. Moesz zobaczy mojego chopaka na tym zdjciu.He is sitting between Anne and Tom. On siedzi midzy Ann i Tomkiem.He is the tallest among the boys in my class. On jest najwyszy spord chopakw w mojej klasie.

WHEN? PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

The test is on Monday. Klaswka jest w poniedziaek.I usually go on holiday in July. Zwykle wyjedam na wakacje w lipcu.The party starts at 9.00. Impreza zaczyna si o 9.00.I always watch TV in the evening. Zawsze wieczorem ogldam telewizj.The party is on Friday evening. Impreza jest w pitek wieczorem.

JAK PODAJESZ DAT?

1. Gdy podajesz dat (cznie z dniem), zawsze stosujesz on. (It happened on 11th September 2001.)

2. Gdy wymieniasz tylko miesic lub rok, stosujesz in. (It happened in September 2001.)

TYPOWE BDY UWAA J !

le: Theres a dog on the picture. PODPOWIED: Gdy opisujesz obrazek, uywaj przyimka in. To samo dotyczy wyraenia na drzewie,

np. Fizia Poczoszanka siedzi na drzewie. Pippi Langstrumpf is sitting in the tree.Dobrze: Theres a dog in the picture.

le: My house is among the park and the post office. PODPOWIED: Nie myl among i between. Przyimek between (pomidzy) odnosi si do dwch

obiektw, rzeczy lub osb. Przyimek among (wrd, sporod) odnosi si do wielurzeczy lub osb.

Dobrze: My house is between the park and the post office.

le: Ill see you in Monday. PODPOWIED: Nie stosuj przyimka in gdy podajesz dzie, w ktrym co si odbywa.

Dobrze: Ill see you on Monday.

HOTSPOT

W mowie potocznej, przy umawianiu si na spotkanie, mona przy wymienianiu dnia opuciprzyimek on i powiedzie np. See you Monday!Nie naley jednak tego robi na tecie, bo nie jest to forma w peni poprawna!

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME AND PLACE

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