~ ~ ,~L...~la.uL...,s' ~l¥'~ o~,;) ~la~ )~4~L...~, ~jL...l~'.- t-u~~) -.

f r ,'4 ~.s't.j'S, ..r<J}..hl,Sj'S'*.s~w.f'wj'S,

\rAr .\..,,4T\. ,<.JI:i.o.;:,;~~"\fAt .\..-'" f,,,,4' u'-"",

Isolation and Identification of Pasteurella Spp. in theUpper respiratory Tract of Healthy and UnhealthyHolstein (dairy calf pnenmonia) Calves

Mohammadi, GH.R.l,Ghazvini,K.2, Ahhaspanah,H.3

JDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Schaol of Vererinary Medicine,FerdowsiUniversityof Mashhad,Mashhad-/ran.'Department afmkrobiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of MedicalSciences, Mashhad./ran. 3Craduered from the School of VeterinaryMedicine,Fen/owsiUnivmityofMashhad,Mashhad-/ran. .

Objective: To compare Pasteurella Spp. isolates of thenasopharyngeal cultures in healthy and unhealthy Holstein(dairy calf pneumonia) calves.Design: Case control study.Animals: Sixty Holstein calves from two weeks up to six-month-old in dairy farms of Mashhad Suburb wereselected.

Procedure: In the affected calves, the clinical findingswere recorded and nasopharyngeal swabs were also taken.Apparently healthy calves were chosen from the samefann as control.

Statistical analysis: t-test, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square.Results: Clinical findings including respiratory rate, hear!rate, rectal temperature, and illness index scores weresignificantly different between healthy and unhealthycalves (P<O.OS).Differences between the isolation rates ofvarious pathogens from healthy and unhealthy calves wereevaluated by contingency table Chi-square analysis.Pasteurella multicida was isolated more frequently fromnasopharynx in affected group than in control one(P<O.OS). Mannheimia hemolytica was isolated morefrequently in affected ones than controls. However, itsdifference was not significant (P>O.OS).Conclusion: Results indicate that Pasteurella multicida

was isolated more frequently from nasopharynx in affectedcalves than in control group. However isolation ofMannheimia hemolytica was not strongly associated withrespiratory disease. ].Fac. Vet.Med. Univ. Tehran.61,2:147-153,2006.

Keyword: calf, dairy calf pneumonia, pmteurella multicida,Mannheimia hemolytica.

Con-espondingaudtor.semail:gmohamad@ferdowsi.mn.ac.ir

)0 .0":'cs".,,;.U (Shipping Fever) J'" ~J.o.>"":;..:,1,'"'''''' "-'-'cs"

..5.;;,,}T "',..'" ~4 t).).;...,0-'?J~I--'-"" <S~ <SUo~L3')o,j.,Li.o

<s",.JL..,f ",,..,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,, "-'-"cs"(EnzooticCalf Pneumonia)

(f)

,,.JL..,,,I"IL..,s'..,w. ,"o>~..:..:.s-jl,"':'I"",,,,l>~, ~ ,Ii. ,..."'"

.(",,..:.,,,l>~iJ',,,l>.uL..,s'.,;,.,,,),l..,,,,,l>.uL..,s'

.",.-"",t.:.".III..'C}>

jl,"':'",I>.;.;I,I...,:.:.~ ~,~""""",L;.:J,>.uL..,s',-,,,I,f''u~l...".

'""""'''''}>I'''''':''''~}''iJ'

.,;;.j,s""h,;""""',,..,;,.,,,,,,~w'''wl.:.i jl~,l..".uL..,s' l" ,.p"

ul""'L.:..-="'>t"" ~l."",l> ;" ,~L,uL.;."L..o..t~Ij1~..,w.-""""o>~jl,;,I, "",. ",-,,s':"";"'iJ'I,,,,,.uL..,s'l"",I.>! ~I."

",l>.uL..,s'jl,l..".uL..,sl"",I.>!(J""'),.JL...uL..,s~~ ."':'cirS

."':'...JlI.."I"",l>.;.;lt,"wl.Jo

.",ISt,'.J"~~,-W",Ji;.-ot w,.;14,,,,,l.1J,W,,,,~

"u-W ,I...:; , ", )'.,J.iw4,...; ,I...:;.>!J.ot.:.""~l.),,,,l>,,,,,,~ '1;!\:;;

""""",},,,,,,,,,,,,l.1...=I,,,,l..,,~t.:.,t.-s)jl,"':'.i>luh""',,,,,,,,,,

"",,"u,li:;.(p<.j'O)-""'wl.:.i.,;,.",...,>!;.,.",l>.uL..,;'4,.JL..",l>.uL..,s

,I,,;","j} ",.",IS t,'.J""';';1':;J,,,,-,,jl "'~'*- 4."':'1"",",'j<,l.."t'»'

",l>.uL..,s'"...w-- ""","o>~jll ,:;J,.~,~~,,,jL..,l-,> ..:..jrS

jl~... ~ .(p<.j.O)'""":"",.JL..",LA.uL..,,.!...,'::""";,L..,,,I,,,,,,,,""l.1}>;jlo,,s,,...=IJ, "':''''jL..l"",,...:..",l.."",l>.uL..,,.!

.(P>'I-O),,,>

",l>.uL..,s,'...w--""","o>~jll ,:;J,.~,~~",jL..,l",,,''''~~

~"'~"'jL..I"",J,"':',""'l.:.."":"",.JL..",l>.uL..,s...,.:.,-;,l..".l{.:.;b"""""""-"",,,,-,"-"wl.:.iI,~..L,;;,I~""L.."L,

.'fV-lOf,' ,},-',i".""lfM,w'"o

~,~~ ,,,,,..:.,,,l>,iJ',,,l>.uL..,s.,;,.,,,""l..",.uL..,.!'",~ ",LAo,',

.~...~,I ,:;J,.

<s~}.".,,<s"o~lf ~)o y-:,"~..sr~<s)t..."j~ftM--j.,.'9-" jI~

"'CB.RD Complex) ~lf ""'r~ cS)t...,,;"-'-'cs"~lf u-iWolL.,o

)0 t).).;...,",;J~I""" '''''''cs'' ".-Lb:;~~" <S"'t)--'--'-'';;'),.....

J;lS~~",)t...""I"".;;.ou.~~ cS",~lf..,sr~<S)t...,,;

<S})f'--'~",,..,",, (UndifferentiatedRespiratory Disease)~

'0''''--'+'--'-'+'-- <f"J'}'I0.c" ..;;.:...,.,.".£.:.c"""-t;,I.o,,,Y--'J?(\

'0'"L-'+'-- ,-'+'-- ";;':"",Y-- .10.c" ..;;.:..".£.:.c" <s)}",.,;;..,..,? ('

'0''''--'+'-- ,-'+'-- <f"J'}'I0.c" ..;;.:...,.,.".£.:.c"~';' J-',,(r

gmohamad@ferdowsi"m~c.ir '0';- '''-;y (*

\,M '~')~'Y\')j>'0\*,<&:':'b'~j-;"b,£";";'b~

.jJI.>.>t,..s,s:..:...uL..y~ ..o ,I,.>..: ,sIo~4-<>b~L>cs<

).""cSLo.uL..y .(r .In.>..:.~G,UI~4"-"L ",,-, o..,A.ocr';-,-,I

,(A.n)~'''')-"j''''t,...,...>cS")cS~)"-"~~t,,.J~(...AJ1

w""cS~\!;...,"-"L..cS~)""~~t,,.J~~I.u(..,,

,c;,j}')}~i' ,,),. 'J,~ cr'L..I"..k'''),.~t,,,,,t..),,

w"""").r-«»".i>I- I

.,..JJwG.r"',,'..>..o:;_r

.j»L-:,~""""'cSlocS,)"cs-'y w"'")}t,..s ..., ;.c;,,'..>..o:;-,

..>..:.

,I, ,,,, ~bw""Jl>cs'4 w""")L,.:,~ ,~I"<.>",..-<~, - t

.cs'l>cs''''''>'':'

4 ,'>":'~b<.? ),,))"~ ~ .,...,.,.cS)1 ,;41'''';'''';',.J~-O

Y"'4")""';"";',.J~~b41y,..,IY'"

Y~ ,,o.,),j4.o ,1..;1",~ 41,.0 ,X_r

Lo.j>y~'w",,'''''''',>4j,J- v

..o ,Ics'~I""G..:.;; cS')"4':'-:',),~, Lo~-A

~1"41,~""G..:.;;.;:..,.ol.o,"'4")",,,,",""G..:.;;41 ,~- ~

""G..:.;;), ,.45 .:: 1,.s::''''~jYY"'''..: A>'jxw"}'~",),,li

.",...ocs"w"")~cSl.r"".."~I u.:.;..,,,,~),,~

~("-,;-<")~~)~ , ;.c;d-",,,,,,,).t,..;_I.)"cs',.,:.;~,,,.y,IJ>IT' )"""t...,L:.~~I~ ."-'cr

J-><-.0<')" w'>":'cS...,s)" IJJ",,1cs"""~ "-!.)...,.-u-cr'..u ~

."~cs"~~cSLoI"""J-;.I.;J1

.0 ,jll)<? )l>"',.t,cs'~I"" y, , ",L.<.Icr',s,.,..;r-"

jI.>..Scs"w'" I)cS,,) cS)I ,;)~y, , .ul)cs" 'r'>"';}o '" Lo",)

.'>":'cs"~w1""'>":"";r')0<'

.c;,j}')}cs'4j) ,,),.}' , l-'..o",~bcSLo..J !'~ ,t-'4 - Ir

j,,, "".>..:.'" «> i' t, ..>..:..:..,j...I0...,: .H)" ,,,-,';";'1 ""Lo)(1,1

cS""'~)"cS)l ,;..., ~I"cS)I.:,l'cr"'-<~' .~4cSu,.uL..:.;

,,,-,1(\)J,~ )"Jc>-"..s .u",,~)4r.J.ol-'''''l»''0<'''>'':'cs''

..0 ,1

:.r-"»" ."",,>,,:,~ .uL..y cr") ,. jI)l ,;cSLo.uL..,J'",.s

w,}..."G(Pair)~""),..,,,,.>.>I,.r" jI,.JL..cSu,<I..!L...,,J'wL..j-o."'

)" ",15'1.>.>)~ r-' 4-'1",,1<0)(1,1~t, ""t.. jI '-'""',.u'>":'<.>".."G.;.;I

.uL..y cr'1),. jlr-',.JL..cSLo.uL..y,,}' ."","}'cs".:..,j .b"T'cS~}

..>..:.~

.s...s"'cs'li,.;...,;.c;'\!;"""",y )"""4)""cs'4j))~""l5:J1

",~I.uIJ<f'-".IO.jb u,Jt",, ,~L.. ,. J,..,GJ<f'-"cSLo.."I,...,

1-"I1)~0<' cSl".(t.hr'l").>..:.cs"cs'l> - ~ .c,>lojlcS~ "',...0

11'1,

jI~.r" .(0)"~cs"=>L:, (Dairy CalfPneumonia)cS"":'cSLo,lf

)"..s .o ,1cs'-<I<o~cS)l ,;..5:,wl,:.<"'..I'" ,.j.->.,..:;..5:,j,J"e')'U

J--I,"" ,.?.;->."-'cSLocr'.>-'-'1.ui..bu>cS~LS'h~w1 ",'''''';')

..;-"4..5:, cSLo~,;-,.y,I~"L..I~t,<.>"c,..h-o~

wl,:.<'" (Mannheimia hemolytica)~, ,~(ST6 4 STl)

cs',.':';,),J!, ""t...,L.<.,cs"l5:J1.o)"~)-'-'-' ,.L:$,,'-"" ",,4r'4 J--Lo

)" ~I cSLoc;,jr-,; ",,", t, .(\Y.n)",,}'cs"...,su.;.,;..s..;;,,s.;H~

.;: : )"~..5:,w',:.< "'cS)I ,;0<lj,a.J'",.j.-> cs',.,:.; .5)"

)"4-" cS)l ,;jlJ.ol>cS"L..ciI""I}>..o ,IC}o.o~y,15' .j»,,,"

'J.ol-'..s''>'':''''j~'''YL.. )y",,)L,.J.,.o,,,~t,~T'1,..>.=.o.:.J41

"""..$T',.>..:.).",I.i<J<""'..,..;..r"'''';''-lS"'cS~ 'cs'l.o)"cSLo"';..r"

. - 101)7-'.'..$ T'wly".,""")" '-r~ ')cS)1 ,; '" )l.:,lwly". .O'l").J.:..:.t,cs"

..I'",.j.-> jlJ.ol> cs'''':';cS)I ,;.;;.., >I')0<'jI..uI,''}'.j>)"}' """)"

0<'cS~)l ,;h"jI~~y,lf .j»,,,".;: : ~..5:,wl,:.<'"

..5:,J'" ,.j.->.,..:; ",l-'..o Lo.uL..y ..s..;;~.;;1cs',.,:.; .'>":'4<.>"~

wL..;i;.",* ..If,l>.cr' f'-'I.u .")"cs'-<I<o~..5:,j,J"eI.;:..,.ol.o

t,>-" )"",L ,~,s:.,l.o'cs-"-"'J.o''''' j,<1c;,j4)"~.l<jlJ.ol> ,-"",,,,

..s ,.>..:.,,,I"w~ .(n)"",wcr ,'-';1 ~ ~ ..,..5.1"""cS)L..".:H.'

)" ",)""L>I,..".jI,,,-,I-'-e"cSr'4.:H..r'.,..JLJo 'o.., rJ,... Y)p4

t, cSLo.uL..y ':.r-"> )" ..>..:.t,cs"..s..;;~.;;1cs',.,:.; ",)(;.,..0 cSLo.uL..,J'

u-'l-' jI~.uj,l.o.:,.,.J,I)"~, ,~oI.# "cS"t,.?1 cSYt,j';i

- ,. ..uI=bcS.rte'>":')..,..;..r"' "",,),,),> -"cs',.':'; '" )l.:,1)"cS"""

''>'':'.j»"}' cS)L.."0<1",)I.:,I}')" cS"":'cSLo.u15'r-" ,..$.1""""-<»" n

cS"":'cSLo.uL..y)"Lo"-'Y .b"..;.'wj,"';"-lS" ~I.:.Ji<o~ ..0 ,1

.o ,I,,,bw~""Wu...:.r-"»" .(It ).o ,I~cS)l...,e",)I.:,I~y,

J.;1}I,l.or cS)I ,;",)(;.,..ocS"":' cSLo.uL...,,J')" d ,lj .:,-,),1.:,-- 45

IJJ."~cs"",lj.uL..y ~}i>"';"-lS" "'.r.-o"'> r*"0<'..s .""4cs"

cS"L..cilcSLo~}i>cs"W ,,~""'}I.uli'cs" ..s..;;~.;;1"",,...H

.(O.I~)'>":'G=b "":'o.,)i' ,.uL..y .j>",,"jl,..lcS"":'cS)"'15'..5:,

cS)l ,;t",)"~4..., ;.c;'~""'f>""~ ),...,If,~ ..sbU1jI

";';;;"'~i't,.>..:.t,cs" (Naso -Pharynx)cs'l>-~.c,>I0~

,u;.., ",L..L:, '" ~I.ul"';"-,~ 0<')" cS)I ,;0<,5:1)" u,Y )p4

t,,.JL.. cSLo.uL..y cs'l> -~.c,>I0';:"':s jI ,.>..:.'-'-e"cSu,Y)p4

..o ,I,.>..:.cS"":'cSLo,15'cSLo.uL..y cs',.':';",)(;.,..0 cSLo.uL..y

}S .P'J' ~I,..jI cS,,'..>..o:;)" "",l.o r 10"""",,, 0-' cSLo.uL..y cS,)" JL.6 :H.'

"'~i't,w')I ,;.c;,j}' ~bUlJ<::'C-",",,,+,-,,"';I}o1cS"":'cS~)",lf

cSj'r""G..:.;; 'w"}' 'r~~ .~bw""Jl> cs') ~G,.J)Uo

-"~t,,.J~.J<,IjI)l ,;cSLo~b,,,L..L:,)"cJl..u'>":'",L..L:,(~

(!)

11'4,

'J?,jI~""'('J?,)1,..+ ~")J;"",~u-U -TJ,"".(IT c?' jlci}'fl)I.>.,--c?y

."'-''''",,...,.:5'''(-)''''':'''',,,,...,.:5',,(+)

,SPSS <5)L,T)}lt; ) ,0CA...,1,,.JL..,)L.,,;,,}',0 )°0!.~.uL..,J'

..;.;}')} <5)L,Tj.,-W,"-!.je<J°),..,<5t5"0,..,},J." t 0""}~

~l;;,;

,

csi'j) °),..,<5l>f"'1)4 I::.'loO)L.>-o<5lh>'" ~l"oJ.A>,~ 01')°

"".loO.J.iI,,,-,,..cI,lf,,<541,,",,,)oJp ,,-,,,,L,}<54-0,}' <5l>.uL..,J'

'~'cs" .r.jC.r'-;<5)L,)cs-')),)J..cl>

",tX;1)00°Y.~ .100-'>0°10)}"-!"->,.:;BG '';'-->'~-

V'\..>"')n 01 :;J.A>,~ 0-" )°<5)°,\3' .>..>1,;-,,) ,0 :, 0), <54-<>10

.J.i°y.,0L, (-'"')°") <..>"')~,; 4-0,}',1 cS.,Y')0 l>.uL..,J') ("--"»0

.J.ioY.0L.S,~)O! ),..-",)' ,°<54-0'°

,,}' <5l>.uL..,J'0-',j,)OVArHVIJp ,,}' <5l>.uL..,J'0-'

)I°cs'-'-'J~I,,}' ,°J." t 0,..,})0'°J-/j,)0A1 AVHVIf\)L.,,;

)0 cs"LJO.;L,)o<5l>f"'1)4 <5d ,)J.il) J..cl> I::.'loO.(P>.I.O) ~I.u

."-,I,,,-,,..cl), J,,",,,

TAlfH '/nJp,,}' ""}"""")o'.s)4.,.,,,,,,,L.:.,~,,,,,j)l-

'0,..,})0,0y.<5d "',..,.;j,,)o 01»L.. "'c)of.I.V", '/O~}...",,}',

0,""'°1 :;~ ,(P<'I'O) -=-'10)°cs'-'-'J~I ,,}' ,°J'i"-.o

01-"" ".", H IM.,..il0,,...,01 :;)Lo.,,,,}')0~;"-!u--iW°I-,,,,-,.J.ii

oy..u,;O)OTHAl1"A,""'ITlIT~;-'IJ.F5" ,,}')o,"'" \O/T°u--iW

)Lo.",,}')O<5)L,.,,~L.:..(P<' 1'0) -=-'b<5)°cs'-'-'J~I,,}' ,0,

J.F5",,}"<5)°cs'-'-' }., ,J)lG.I~'0-"0""})0 ,°y. TI H ./f)

J,,",,, )°cs"LJO.;L,)°<5l>f"'1)4<5d ')J.il) J..cl> I::.''->(P<'I..\) ."--"10

.,,-,1 ,"-"..cl) (T)

...,..s;)1j,p<e,>u jl,"-"d}' ",I~~ I::.'loO, u...:...,.,,,,,",,-

)°cs!~lu--iW'~o ),,,-,,,,",,, t'ye-'."-'I,o :,,u')(f) J,~)o

)L.t5"0),..,""';)0 r< (Jp ,,}',)L.,,;,,}').u.JLh... c...o0 <54-<>'°

<e,>u) ,,,-,, d)' <5l>"',..,.;).oSJ5L,...:...,,..-"I"-',s ..u°J-/0L S..,

,,}' ...,..s;)Ij,ju<e,>U,1.oS<..>"P,x"-,,s, Jp',;3' ~,u,jU

}'..;.~ "-!Lo..o<5l>"',J'")l.ot5","-"I,"",<5l>, ",lf)A<°J.i"-"I,"",)L.,,;

(f)

". ."lA ~J-",",4 ",L...I.:..:.J"jL...l-'e-

'.s)l."..,...'-'.s-"<'-'cJ,-\J,..,.

cs'~ "-"',0'40"..0, 0''''''' 0-!.r"'-"..,..,...,..>.eo}'cs"..y;...uL..,J'

.u~o,),J-"..)°CS->csi°le<i.I"'P..uL..,J'0-!~J>'o"-!",,,:,

",I~ JO.jl>u,<5l>.u~0,)0) """"""-"cs" <5;-:-,1w;JLS,oLJ,JO.jl=.

",I~ )""tLSO...",t; "-"cs"~'yi>.>-O),~L..T' O,.l>)°ck,...,1

",1~J-"..0!.1)0 .0,""",0~T~""G...:, ;l~, yi>.>-J,.b )°ck,...,1

<e,>U.bG...,~,,.t>"'.;.S r ),""'; A, ,~ i!)L>JO.jG u~;I

) JO.jl>u,.u~"r-" ""-,,,~ JO.jl>u,.u~J>b"-!')4,0~- ~

J-".. jk:--"L..fyol.l>.oS ~ 0L,jI:;l>",,..,.;.J.i"-"cs"i!)L>0!~

f O,.l> <5L,0)0~cs"J,.b<5j~,.",~'~L,}l.:i <5"';;"-',...;

.(TT)J.i"-"cs"<5)~ol»L.,"'c)o

cs-I~I<5L..~)o.:;...,;.S "-It'.uI<5j,J,..,.,~,~L...})o

0'> 4 ,,,-,,"* )0 0'> )lfT~ ~ csiG...;..;1<5L..~.",0;3'

'-""L,}<5l¥.>""'~<5~.J.iOy.~t5"..s..~~,.uL.,,J'

.(f, V,~,\', H, H, Tf)J.i"-",,*~L...)o,"-" }'-'<54J 1')po<..>"L.,I)!

<5l>~<5'))!~- ~_Ujl,o :,~;3' <5L...,.,I,,

,~),--"",.J.i"-"cs",olo~~),.b;~t5" ..s..,)b0,»lfT

4 '''-''cs'' ,o10,I} 0"",) ~ <5"""")~ )0 )°0'> )lJ'T<5l>~

l>, ",lf) "-"))0 c,<""':;"'P. Co2 -'"')0 I.t; 0 '0"""~cF>'.iS'

"')°0'> )lJ'T~ <5l>~ <5,l><5l»l>..,..,..., ..>.e°}'cs"0-!-"\.:;

~t5"..s..~ .J.i"-"cs"~.;:&L..fA"",,-!"")OTy'C ),:;4,s:.o1

.;:&L.. fA """",,,01»L.. "-'c)o TV),.:;L,,s..;1 )°<5),-" .6..,.I,..-")°.H-'

'''-''cs'''''''''.iS'

<..>"L..I)!cs!~jS4 <5l>~,~)0 o :,),.u.~",,),...,)o

<5l><5jo-oTJ:c) ~ "-!~L... )0 ,,,-,, yS-' C<r-' "",L...,l..:.--'<5L..J>,)

.(TJ,,",,,)J.i"-"cs"cs!L.."--'cs!~,,,,u"''> ,<.S""~I

<..>"'0"csi'~~ ,~l<5l>~L.:.<5d ')J.il) J-.>l> "".loO

",,,' .s...J""" j>"" j,,"'- j,.sY ",u .,,' J,-"' ,.,.. """"" -"'"

1+) (-) + (-) + (+) - + - - "",.'-+ + + (+) + (-) - - 1+) + -,..

.....

"..."",,,,,,,,><. ,'

J-',,,"' ''cs"''''''}' '"-.."'''''w-"'' }'"4"c,.:,,. ,'''''''''''':'''.s}.."j'.s'''''-'-' b",.;'''w"'

.0....'c;.- ,'}',.J"".s"''''''''<'u-L,; ,'.sy..S .o.,;'",.s,c,.:,,.,,,,,,,",,,,wl=.:,;J'-.s,L.,,;-',," """4,,,""-.s"'''';,...

.,)(..s)(o;'"'V,.....4ci,J-.oIS .o....1c;.-'''.s,<,-".,)l.,4=''

.c.....,)""",..,;..;,-,,,"

J-'>: .0.,;''''''''''';' ",,,,,< ''cs"' "",}' '"-.."'.s.0 '"'"'-'.s)(o;',T

,,",,,,wI=.:,; ,...;r'J'-.s,L.,,;-',," ..0....'"".0....' j",w-"

'',.o....'c;.-,,,,,,,,;,,;,-,,,",.o....""':"'"'

"';";'-'''""''''''''<'-'' '" ..o....'w''''}''"-.."''''''w''' j' ",.s)(o;',f..?A,' ="' '''''w',."""J'-

\'\~D '~'JI ;.'Y\'Jj' ,,}*.K:.:.b ,~ft'b.05-.::..:.b~

.,~,J?,)' "~,",j"~I ?UcS?"c.-'Sc:'" -f J,-,,"

."""~",,,,~,,--,.()

"p4 "Loci4 j ~~jySL.. ""L>IJ-'?",,,,,WL.. ,0 "u,,<GL:.;

J..>..,..:;",L..,,~,'.G-,).~..;)-J ')J"'",L:..., )L,-,?L:,

)oLo~0;'bt.;;) j~W~ .(r, '\ ,0,n, rf, ro, rV)"-'°j!J." j

0>-,1> 3<'.h...':;",...s .;: ,1,,1<GL5'I-,-,,",wLh..j°"'L:...,,,,,,,,r.<'0<'

..,~, ~ A10c")L..""".r='°G.;.I,,I;-I\~~~JL..,)0

0","31u-'j! L.-,~y:.,1...Ir" ..,~0,wLh..)OJ,wLh...s,), ",42

,,1;< I) ~L:...,,,)1..T ";j) \WVJL..)00'}..4'''j.:H;-3 .(\O,rf)o)jT

Jt,..4~""G..:,.?cs"r,,4<04cS"TA' ~0'j,-o~

~}O' )0<},wlb..~UJ.~ ~ )1S,"3-')""~L.b"""",,:,

0;' 1..1."-'°1,,-,0L..:.;I),,)°ci-'-' ,,}..TbL) ,-,,4j} o)j-""u" ~

.~.cc,...Slj "LooJL..y)otr ,,04 cS"TA'j ,,3<)",,",T""~ C!'j,-o

.(r,\Y)",o-J."",L:...,~J<W

"~,,Lo ~ ")L..,, ua>'-" j tP) "")p ,.)0 'U--iW01"-"

ol..c.o0;'0!.1)0,~4cs""')0~"'>"s 0'j,-o",~)0,,~ jh

.h...,:;.s.;: ,1~4",,4j),,~C"-"" )'".lrua>'-"u--iW

0~~")L.."",~"LooJL..y,,,,4j)I.;;..p~~

ua>,-".s .>.:Scs"0",r"\JL..)00>-'e,.j!.)~ .(rf).;: ,I.~

.~4cs""pc"jL.. I~ "'~ "I;<,,)t., 'U--iWol..c.oj")L..,,

".>.SI"j ,~4~ j..Gu,}1"-'I,:;cs""",,) 0<')0"pc0~ (""'.)j

}h,,;1 J<L9",4p4';;";~ <$.)0 <S"tf;l.o)' ,,4r-'L..:.; jj;-l j "-') 0""":'

~"jL..I~4'}j.4.o"'<)0~"'>"s.s ':;';4)°0>-,1>3<) ..;: ,1

""I>I)"?;<'j~",4p4';;";~ 40--"')0 j~c~.Ir"~"'"

0~ oljT}l)o JL:..,,1;<",Tcs""''''';.,; ,,~o ""',31~~jySL..

"Lo",L..:.;~I)1 ~J"'''-'I':;c.>''~b"u"0jj-,",, 4,y.,,-S~jo..;l

0"'~ .o°-J ")L..,,.., ~ ,,4.0b )0~4 j ~ ")L ,,

(P~'f'\) "')0~,,'>"s4"}°ci-'-'),...,,)L..,,~4ua>'-".>.:Scs"

t~)""}?",,")041..I.o}0~(P<'f"\) "p40""":'I..I.>j

'\Jj~»rjr '\i:~)o",,)? ,.)o.,}o..;,,}o~<S"e- .

\0'

.(~". jI,jI.cucS\b.~)cS~~~jm'"'~L..)''''''"wL,I...c:''' - rJ,-,,"

'°j!""j""" -J..,.oS..4'j-J jO).~I"", )~..>...o)o.;; , ;cs-Ij'o..;°3-'

"»)L..,,'j-J )',~4cs"'j-J jOY' )0..,.J"")~I.."..,cs=JJ"' '1), ,4

o)J"'..>...o)ofV;<';<0)J"'\~ jlJ? 'j-J hO}J"'..>...o)oVV4;<';<0)j-"

'1)3"-'4,-"ljl~}O.' )'j-J j,J)("..>I,,,,, -J'~I.."..,cs=JJ"' '1), ,4

.( p~'f.rr)"'-'4cs" )°ci-'-'"IS c<r0J"'jT )""""""cs=JJ"'

\.~-~..., L.;).""":'1-,-,,"~j-<>-"('1)~4)~

O)J"'v ),.JL.."LooJL..y 'j-Jjljo)J"'..>...o)orr4;<1;<)L..,,'j-J oJL..y

~,-"ljl},,1S toir0j-"})0 ,0..;""":'1..1.>o)j-"o.\...<»'" 4;-11;-1

,(P~'fOrV)~I"-' ")'ci-'-'J)b.I'j-J jO)'~"'" ('1), ,4)

4;<1;-I')J"'\'~ .6.,.o...4-'-'.s """cs"0L..:.;~~UJ~

;.,;"~.o,,Lo~tf)Lo '1)3"-'4.><'j~ )L ,,'j-J )o)j-"o.\...<»o rr

\A~)oJ? 'j-J)o~0!.I.s"-,~,,,L..,l.:.-'~ ~)o

~'-";.,; I)Lo'1)~4.i-"i~0"Lo, ,;IS) o)J"'..>...o)or' 4;<1;<0)J"'

"LS C<.r-"0j-"jT ), T';:""""'<1'I.w,,)l.oTJo.l"" j"'~)O .",o-Jcs"

,I..c.o ~1)lpL..:.; (f)Jj..l.> 1:'-'UJ,(p~'f.rA),...,)o~ J)L.>I

cs=JJ"''1), ,4j~"'" ('1), ,4) ~.~ "".L..L:,"Lo~

)L..,,'j-J o}J"').~ci-J ~)L9jj~"Lo..",...,~ .6.,.0...)01.."..,

.~4cs"J?'j-J"',;:"",,;

.,.<:~~~ .-, .

6'1 ";--jX 0<') J.oI>?L:, "p4 "Loci4~) J--,.;

'j-J j)L..,,'j-J ~'j-J jo"4.0b~LXoI"u,, }"'_'_°U"L..,(.;:,I

.."LXo14";--jX 0<')°.0 pf )} <5");-1j ~o)j-" (,.JL..,)J~"Lo)~L9 }I",<.o-J";W "}OjL5';-,, jl.;;...A...,."")~,,u,,<tJL..,~

0°310l S., 1.iJ."-'4";--1S 0t5...1"'" l:;(Bias) jL.. ..;),:; j~jJ.X..

;1°ci-'-'J'>1.o>10"-""-' jLooJL..y ~ )~L9}'U jI'j-Jjo..,...,5.?

r*'0«..,(P>,f'O)'j-JjO Y' )oci -J ).,.9"Loo>JL..y0-'}O' ) ,,)I..T

..;: ,I.~",,"':;

~.. ~..., ~jI"pf "'~A):.",wLh..0<')Ooj-J jo,,4.0'o

ol..c.o'U--iW ol.c...; 'tPJ"" )lp ,.)o"Lo~ "pf'jlo..;( 4 4-'T

.l" "Lo)t., =3 -Jcs" }}",,4j) 0)J"'")L..,,ua>'-";.,; j.,.1.9040-'>

';:"""",<,.JL..,,4.0'0jI)L..",,4.0b ",L..L:,)0 ~o~~w jI.~

,\~ArJL..)00'}5~""'j..}T ..;: ,I.~ci-J )lS..";--jx0<l)o j T

.:;.;-""".s "-'0100L..:.;o~ ""WLh...o)onArJL..,)o 0')L4-0 j ~

(f)

J',,! ,...".,,! ."",IcS",....,c\J',,

W(fV) "(VV) Pm,lto6d,

V(m Hm M.hemolyti"

V(ff) O(w) B,eillu"pp.

I(f) .(.) EeoN

flV) I(f) S"phSpp.

f(If) IIf) ""ptococ""pp.

f(V) I(f) P"udomo"" '"'Og'no"

.(.) 1(,) P'Oteu"pp.

,''',) HH) Mixedflo,"

U="'" "",,, ,..!J04,.., w""," .,,!<s,..."

i.r-'

I H>Am fr ,,/If w'v..m OVA,.,VI Jp.,,!f/H.m 'HIO/fO ".HrlM foj'V.'/O\ M/AVHV/" "...".,,!

- I

.

\0\

.(1'.\0).;: ,10"'-' La)'~~ ~,L...,)/.;p..;.L.o ,-,u..u,s"

~)>,-,4L>o1~.j~.bw,l0<lo",",y!~),-,01""'~

.bL,.;,Io"," ,-".0 J' ",-".0.; ,Iool.O;.ol L...,)/.;,.s:.,I..,-,u,,,',,f, 1.>,,->cS"Y'

~,-,}..."..s:.,)ol<»~ )>,-,4,L...,)/.;,.s:.,1..,-,l<»..,fL>oI~j~

o~~,-,~,-,)lo,1S ,-,u.~L.,,s" cs'3-"H""'-'-'L >...,-Ll.<

.(0)",-,"..,...,

,I°<.S'-'-"J-tI}I,~~~,-,jL.,I-'-"O,l3-"";"'Iy.;1

,,1':;cS"I)Jp 0,)' "'~ )L.."o,)')o",-,I,,-,,"I.>,,->cS"Y'~)>,-,4

~-cs'-=I'Y'"u )OO~j~,,,"'-'o.!=',.L5" b,1.r">""'-'4-->J"b,,,

,-,l<»oj,JJ>lo",~~~°r'c>"')~ .(P<-/-O).:: ;lo

.J'" ,j..> J.,...,..i)lj<.J"T'--'1h,1r'.;; ou, "-"-')~p-I..;

~I.>o),-" ",.i.U.-""'-',-,1,...,.,.,1 ""I~ 'cs-',,,,,,-,u.,,,-,~

}1)0..>.:5°h..,.."..,1""ul"" ~j,Stl>°L~ 'cs'-"'<ltl>o",o.;l,:;cS"

,-"",,lS""""'Y'.""t.,I..")(,,...,'J'r,-,y-~o""J-tI}I~Y'.,.,~1

-"'I.I.r">,,"'-'''"'''-'', ~ o~o.bb... ,-,,)p"'-'cP}<.J" "Y'.:..S)

0"",10.;1""-'1':;~~ .0~cS"r>'"I},-,pt,,,"'-'0.!=',.L5"

0<1.""<W-uL.,,f)0 1.>,,->cS"Y'~)>,-,4,-,pl,l,~ csir." ,-,)L.."

o"",l~t,,-,)L..,,oS o.;loci)' ~,-,)L.."csir."°"",I)<.J""(~

,Io),>y!~~ ~t,,,-<li.. )0,-,f'"'S .:: ,,""'"'-" )0'"'-"

4J-- cs'-=I'Y'"u.bb...,-,,)y! 1.>,,->-cS"Y'~)>,-,4~ t,,-,)L..,,,",-,"cS"

",\:.:.0<;'Y'"u",~If,l.,."c °Mb,I.r">,,1 ,~,0~cS"°"",1~

..s.;;y}1 ",,..,X ,-,)L..,,~01J..»)0 .00)'cS"4-->~ o~o

"',,~ r>-?4''" I)""ul"" .L...,)/.;,.s:.,1..,<.,J,Ic5"',y-,,-,l+" ~ -uL.,,f

,-,l<»jl>,;-1.. tl>o 0~",.,..,...,1 ,,0"" 0,1, 01))1.>,,->cS",..,~)>,-,4

-c5"'",..,,-,jL..S4~LL "'..,.."..,1?L., °h~ ,...,J,J,.J1

.;: ,10"'-' 0010"L:.;~ ...>.:.:ScS".J.LCo ";":',7< ,,-,1..;)0,-,10;'"

~o.;jol.."",hl)o~~~~y!~t,;;.;;,-,I,IooScs'l<»-uL.,,f

"'-')..,-.,y-b, 00",,10),>y!"',..,x '" "",1)0,-,f'"'S u--'L:. )..ulo°3-'

i?)',I}d> r")o "",L.,oS"""'°cS""L:.;""Wlh.o0<I.-=-"b,-,.rt;

'~~~"R<.,J,I,-,Ij;.)L.."J.oI>-" 7<17<)0~L.,,s"..,.4i

;,.., 1.>,,->cS",..,~)>,-,40~j,l" ,~ ,,,"'-'0.!=',.L5")0l<»L...,)/.;,.s:.,1..

."'-'t,cS"

0')' "'~Jp 0,)')0 ~udl>u,-,~ 0","'0<1y!0,~

0')' ~-cs'-=I'Y'"u )o,-,pt,~b,I.r">""'-'''"'''-''}'.;L:.;)L..,,

.(1'.\O)(P<-/'O)"'-'t,cS")L.."

~b).u,~

o..>5...o.;I°cs-'-",j;~f"'<",-,I)~ ).,:.;l°cS"6~ 0,> 7<,,1S..u)\.S..;

~L:; <.J"4"-'~cs-',0.r>0~1°cs-'-"',j-;~~';""";,L o,

.""<w",lo).>.J,~,-,,",,,j;0<I~GuI6~ ,-,l<»,-"-,,,

(f)

---<SLo.~JJ"-4",L.,~J<SjL.,l-","

1"-"",,-,,,,)""l.>lp"""'-'"csi'>~('-')L..,,~L.:,,-,-,,<,,,,)o

,",-,"cS"O~j,l, ,"",Ir "",)0.:..S1f ~ y>d, .0,10,-,pL, ,,"--'

)0"",Ir,,-»o..s.;;"'-'~,-,4JP ,,010';:""'0)J"Jo",o~cS")"'"

""l>lp"""'-'J;li..)o .-"~cS",-,,",,lS",-,)L.."~,~}",~"I)L..,,

,-,)L..,,~L.:,J-tI}lt,~ 01"",J-t1}1 ,(",),,"'-',-,.>..,5") '-'3-')

),-,)L.."~L.:",-,p",-,jL.,I'»L>oI~~..;: ,lol-",,,

0.;1,:;cS"y-ol0<loSo"'.rt;~"s)"" ,Ir""')ot,,-,)L..,,~L.:,~

d,o.;~..,...,,",.,..,...,,,,,,)' oS"'-'t,csi~I,-,~t.,..,,",-,ol))~u

.(n) 0.;jL.,cS"}~, I),-,)L..,,~t, b,1.r">

.,...Li"t,y-b01"",.~ 01"",J.oL.:,~,-,l<»,I"... .!='oWlh.o0<l)o

...;)bl (,.JL.,)Jp o,)'t"oci~J-tI}I"I)L.."o,)')0""/""""')0,

~L.:,""1.»0"0,,,~ "-i"-""~t,.(P<-/-O)'::"":'b,-,)b<.S'-'-",-,)L..1

,-,,I..,)J;.l><' ,,,,7" ,-,1y!o~cS",-,-"<..,.)o,-,l""y-o,,,,),-.,oS ,-,)L.."

Jp o,)'t,)L.." 0,)'."'-' 00LA 1~'0-" ...s:..,.>-'-"1)4~ cP"jI

.(P <- / -0)-=-"10)'.,.>5:, I, ,-,)10 <.S'-'-"...;">b-I

~ -cs'-=I'Y'"u) 0"'-' oci~ ,-,4<1, , ) 0,",-"1-,-",-,4<r'1..;

"0",,,L-S:;.''"''-'"cS''~..,fv J.oL.:,,-,,",,,j;0-'I,-,u.~L...,,s

,-,,I~.b,.>u>~l..O..oJ,,Jo,,,,,I':;cS"I)o,)',0)o",-,I.»~lpl~

.(, J,.»).; ;bl<»-uL.,,f

cS",..,~)>,-,4,~~(~ )>,-,4)~0",-,1.»~lpIL>ol)0

~-~...,.,.I..;)o (Commensal)'::""""""j--<>-"''''')3-'',lo , >

""If ",l>"~o~o~)f"r.-,o.;,Io),.a.>,,If..>.:.:S,I~

oWlh.o0<l)o)L..",Jp o,)')~If,l0<I,-,jL.,l,,-,," .o.:...JcS")L.-:,

_(\.rr)'""-'t,cS"~ol0<Iy!,-,,,",L.:,j,C

..s.:.,.I~)~l<»~lfh~oS .;: ,lo",-,':""~csir."""Wlh.o)o

ol)jl ,-,)1.>,-,I,...u"...,,,, ~ -cs'-=I'Y'"u)o"L.:,,I~1 J"'-" /Wlo

,,1,1""''''';0-'1 o~,t,.;;...)L.,c:.J1.> )0L..1.0.;~cS"°0y!l<»J-'''',-,L.;

o",",J"Jo",l<»J-'ooyl ,-,I,..,cs'-=I)O~ )~'-', , )~Io

.(r-)"-"L..cS"cs't,J;?I~~cs"l>o,-,l<»~LL

,~~(~)>,-,4)~"0,,,~)f'~)~JI.>0<lt,

cs'-=I,-,4<I,..., Ai'>I)", 1.>,,->cS",.., ~ )>,-,4.hi;.; .1.>,,->cS",.., ~ )>,-,4

""),-., ,"")o.:...~~~ '°r'c>"'I-,-",.JL...,,-,u.~L...,,s

.(r.n) 00 )'cS"I"-,,",.JL.,,-,l<»-uL.,,f cs'-=Ic-:.s),-,ol}G1

)0 ~ - cs'-=I'Y'"uc-:.s )00"'-' 1.» J",,-,pt,j,CoWlh.o 0<1)0

)~ 1.>,,->cS"""~ )>,-,4..;: ,11.>,,->cS",.., ~ )>,-,4)L.." ,Jp 0,)'

,-,l<»-uL.,,f ",,..,xjl 0"'-' I.» <5-~Pt, J.o~ 0-'yOJ,I-,-,,-,>JJ-"'-'-"

0<1.,...1bc: o}~ ..,.,~jt,'~~I."LLI0<I..;: ,I,-,~,-,l<»,l!'

""<°..,..,,..,1 ,~Jo~j~t,oS "'-'t,cS""-<"';Ur>-?4-')o, ,..;lS,I

..LCL.o-,lb c: o.r>'-"J,Ir>->4.-0,-,4<r'L, .u.,...,3-'~ o\..Le..,o

L>oI~j~.bw,I..s:.,o",",.(\.rr).;: ,I~~~

\,M ,~,}",';"7\').P',-J*.~b ,~-,.,.b.~b~

References

I. Ackermann M.R., Brogden K.A. (2000) Response of

the ruminant respiratory tract to Mannheimia

(Pasteurella) haemolytica. Microb Infec. 2: 1079-1088.

2. Allen LW, Bateman K.G, Viel L., et al. (1990) The

microbial flora of the upper and lower respiratorytracts of feedlot calves with undifferentiated bovine

respiratory disease. Bovine Pract. 26: 162-I65.

3. Allen J.W, Viet L., Bateman K.G, et al. (1991) The

microbial flora of the respiratory tract in feedlot

calves. Associations between nasopharyngeal and

bronchoalveolar lavage cultures. Can J Vet Res. 55:341-346.

4. Allen J.W,Viel L., Bateman K.G,et al. (1992)

Changes in the bacterial flora of the upper and lower

respiratory tracts and bronchoalveolar lavagedifferential cell counts in feedlot calves treated for

respiratory disease. Can J Vet Res.56: 177-183.

5. Ames TR. (1997) Diary calf pneumonia. Vet Clin

NorthAm, food animal practice. 13: 379-391.

6. Andrews, A., Blowey, R.W, Boyd, H. (2004)Bovine

Medicine, Disease and Husbandry of Cattle. Secondedition. Blackwell Scientific London. PP. 286-293

and 860-873

7. Barbour, E.K., Nabbut, N.H., Hamadeh, S.K., et al.

(1997) Bacterial identity and characteristics in

healthy and unhealthy respiratory tracts of sheep andcalves. Vet Res Comm. 21: 421-430.

8. Becker, B.A., Nienaber, J.A., Deshazer, J.A., et al.

(1985) Effect of transportation on cortisol

concentrations and on the circadian rhythm of

cortisol in gilts. AmJ VetRes. 46:1457-9.

9. Biberstein, E.!., Chung, Zeey. (1990) Review of Vet

Microbiol. Black well Scientific Publications,

London. PP. 146-227.

10.Carter, GR., Cole, J.R. (1990) Diagnostic procedures

in veterinary bacteriology and mycology. 5thed.

Academic press, new York. PP. 129-139 and 346-366.

II. Dalgleish, R. (19 )0) Bovine pneumonic

pasteurellosis. Pract.l2: 223-226.

12.Friend, TH. (1991) Symposium response of animals

\01'

to stress, Behavioral aspects of stress. J Dairy Sci. 47:

292-303.

13. Gibbs, A. (2001) Practical approach to the control of

pneumonia in housed calves. Pract. 23: 3, 323-329.

14. Griffin, D. (1997) Economic impact associated with

respiratory disease in beef cattle. Vet Clin North Am

foodAnimPract.l3: 367-377.

15. Houghton, S.B., Gourlay, R.N. (1983) Synergism

between Mycoplasma bovi.," and Pasteurella

haemolytica in calf pneumonia. Vete Rec. 113: 2, 41-

42.

16.Howard, J.I.., Snrith, R.A. (2000) Current Veterinary

therapy. food animal practice, 4rd ed. W. B.

Saunders, Philadelphia. PP.437-471

17.Jeyaseelan, S., Sreevatsan, S., Maheswaran, S.K.

(2002) Role of Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin

10 the pathogenesis of bovine pneumonic

pasteurellosis. Ann Health Res Rev. 3: 69-82.

18.Kelly, A.P., Janzen, E.D. (1986) A review of

morbidity and mortality rates and disease occurrence

in North American feedlot cattle. Can Vet J. 27: 496-

500.

19.Lekeux, P.(l995) Bovine respiratory disease

complex: an European perspective. Bovine Pract. 29:71-75.

20.Lopez, A.(2001)Respiratory system, thoracic cavity

and pleura. In Me Gavin MD, Carlton W.W,Zachary

J.F, editor's, Thomson's special veterinary pathology

3rd ed, Moby yearbook., St. Louis. PP. 125-170.

21.Maheswaran, S.K., Thumbikat, P., Dileepan, T

(2002) Current knowledge on pathogenesis of lung

injury caused by Mannheimia haemolytica and

Pasteurella multicida in the bovine. In proceedings.

XXII worldbuiatricscongress: 160-167.

22. Pringle, J.K., Viel, L., Shewen, P.E., et al. (1988)

Bronchoalveolar lavage of cranial and caudal lung

regions in selected normal calves, cellular,

microbiological, immunoglobulin, serological and

histological variables. Can J Vet Res. 52: 239-248.

23. Quinn, P.1., Carter, M.E., Markey, B., et al.(l994)

m

lor .. '.slA~J~l: t t...:.J.sjt l"","

Clin Vet Microbiol. Mosby-year book Europe

limited. PP. 13-21.497-627.254-258.

24. Reeve-Johnson, L. (2001) Relationships between

clinical and pathological signs of disease in calves

with Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica type AI.

VetRec. 149: 18,549-552

25-Van donkersgoed, J., Ribble bover, L.G, Townsend,

H.GG (1993) Epidemiologic study of enzootic

pneumonia in dairy calves in Saskatchewan. Can JVetRes. 57: 247-254.

26-Vestweber, J., Jean, GS. (l997)Bovine respiratory

disease update. Vet Clin North Am food Anim

Prac!.13: 3,367-429.

27.Virtala, M.K., Mechor, GO., Grohn. YT., et al.

(1996) Epidemiologic and pathologic characteristics

of respiratory tract disease in dairy heifers during thefirst three months of life. J Am Vet Moo Associ. 208:

12,2035-2042.

28.Weekley, L.B., Veit, H.P., Eyre, P. (1998) Bovine

pneumonic pasteurellosis. Part 1. Pathophysiology.

Compedium, 17,7: 974-982.20,1: 533-545.

$

(f)