Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

1/24

EC6404 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IV SEMESTER

UNIT I

FABRICATION OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

1. What is an int!"at# $i"$%it& What is 'ant () '*n*+ithi$ IC&

,A-"i+Ma) /010 N*D$ /014

The integrated circuit or IC is a miniature, low cost electronic circuit consisting of active and passive

components that are inseparably joined together on a single crystal chip of silicon.

/. List th a#anta!s *2 int!"at# $i"$%its *" #is$"t $*'-*nnt $i"$%its.

,N*.D$. /0103 N*D$ /014

The advantages of integrated circuit over discrete component circuit are :

1. Miniaturiation and hence increased e!uipment density.

". Cost reduction due to batch processing.

4. Increased system reliability due to the elimination of soldered joints

4. Increased operating speeds #due to the absence of parasitic capacitance effect$5.

%eduction in power consumption.. List th $+assi2i$ati*ns *2 Int!"at# $i"$%its.

Integrated circuits

Monolithic circuits &ybrid circuits

'ipolar (nipolar

)* junction isolation +ielectric Isolation M-/T 0/T

4. List th (asi$ -"*$sss %s# t* 2a("i$at ICs %sin! -+ana" t$hn*+*!).

,A-"i+Ma) /011

The basic processes used to fabricate ICs using planar technology can be c ategoried as

1. -ilicon wafer #substrate$ preparation

". /pita2ial growth

3. )hotolithography

4. +iffusion

5. Ion implantation

6. Isolation techni!ue

7. Metalliation

8. 9ssembly processing and pacaging

5. W"it th (asi$ $h'i$a+ "a$ti*n %s# 2*" th -ita7ia+ !"*8th *2 -%" si+i$*n.

The basic chemical reaction used for the epita2ial growth of pure silicon is the hydrogen

reduction of silicon tetrachloride .1";;

8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

2/24


-i C4 = " & " -i= 4 &Cl

6. What a" th t8* -"*$sss in -h*t*+ith*!"a-h)& ,N*.D$./010

The two process of )hotolithography are maing of photographic mas, and photo etching.

9. What is 'ta+ + i:ati*n&

Metalliation is the process used to produce a thin metal film layer that will serve to mae

interconnection of the various components on the chip.

;. What a" th 'ain a#anta!s *2 %sin! a+%'ini%' 2*" 'ta++i:ati*n& ,Ma)type silicon

and heavily doped n>type silicon.

=. Na' th (asi$ thi$> 2i+' -"*$sss.

The basic thic film processes are

1. -creen printing

". Ceramic firing

10. What a" th #i22"nt 'th*#s aai+a(+ 2*" 2a("i$ati*n *2 int!"at# "sist*"s&

,A-"i+Ma) /011

The methods of fabrication of integrated resistors are

1. +iffused resistor

". /pita2ial resistor

3. )inched resistor

4. Thin film resistor

11. What is an *h'i$ $*nta$t&

A.VAISHNAV DEVI AP/ECE

8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

3/24


9luminium is used for maing interconnections of a p>type impurity in silicon.The formation of

rectifying p>n junction is avoided by maing n= diffusions in the n>regions where contact is made using aluminium.

-uch contacts are called ohmic contacts.

1/. List th +i'itati*ns *2 '*n*+ithi$ ICs. ,Ma)

8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

4/24


1.-lew rate is defined as the ma2imum rate of change of output voltage caused by a step input voltage

and is usually specified in EFs . -lew rate of 741 1C is ;.5 EFs.

".-lew rate can be defined as the ma2imum change of output voltage with respect to time.

19. What $a%ss s+8 "at&

The rate at which the internal or e2ternal capacitance of an op>amp charges causes slew rate.

1;. Stat th i'-*"tant 2at%"s *2 inst"%'ntati*n a'-+i2i". ,A-"i+Ma) /011

The important features of instrumentation amplifier are

1. &igh gain accuracy

". &igh CM%%

3. &igh gain stability with low temperature coefficient

4. ?ow dc offset5. ?ow output impedance

1=. D2in CMRR ,A-"i+Ma) /0113Ma) #ia!"a' *2 an *-?a'- $i"$%it.

The internal bloc diagram of typical op>amp circuit is given below:

1. +ifferential amplifiers are used to provide high gain

". The buffer is usually an emitter follower whose input impedance is very high. It prevents loading of hgain stage

3. The output driver is usually provided to give low output impedance


Vi Vo+ifferential

9mplifier

+ifferential

9mplifier

'uffer and level

translator

utput

+river

8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

5/24


UNIT II

A--+i$ati*ns *2 O-"ati*na+ A'-+i2i"s

1. What is an O-?a'-& ,N*D$ /010

9n p>amp has voltage gain to be less than that of ideal one. Its input impedance is very high, bandwidth is

very high ,offset voltage is near to ero , slew rate is very high, and output impedance is near ero.

/. What is a +ina" *-?a'- $i"$%it& ,A-"Ma) /011

9n op>amp circuit which has the output signal with the same shape as that of the input signal is

called linear op>amp circuit. The op>amp does not go to saturation during its cycle.

. What is a n*n +ina" *-?a'- $i"$%it&

9n op>amp circuit which has the output signal with a different shape from the input signal is called

non linear op>amp circuit. The op>amp saturates during part of its input cycle.

4. List th N*n Lina" *-?a'- $i"$%its.

The *on ?inear op>amp circuits are:

1. Comparators

". Dave shapers

3. 9ctive diode circuits

4. %ectifier circuits

5. ?og and antilog amplifiers.

5. @*8 is th !ain sta(i+i:# () n!ati 2#(a$>& ,Ma)

8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

6/24


*egative feedbac is used mainly to stabilie the overall voltage gain. If the open loop voltage gain 9

increases for any reason, the output voltage will increase and feeds bac more voltage to the inverting input. Th

opposing feedbac voltage reduces inverting input voltage #>$. Therefore even though 9? has increase

inverting input voltage #>$ has decreased and the final output increases much less than that it would be witho

the negative feedbac.

6. What is *+ta! 2*++*8"&

oltage follower is the circuit in which the output voltage follows the input voltage both in magnitude

well as in phase.

9. What is an in"tin! a'-+i2i"&

Inverting amplifier is the one in which a signal is applied to the inverting input terminal. The outp

voltage is fedbac to the inverting input terminal through feedbac resistance #%f$ > input resistance #%

networ. The output signal is the amplified form of input signal with a phase shift of 18;< .The circu

diagram of inverting op>amp is given below:

;. What is a N*n in"tin! a'-+i2i"& ,N*D$ /01/

*on inverting amplifier is the one in which a signal is applied to the non inverting input terminal and th

output is fedbac to the inverting input terminal, the circuit amplifies without inverting the input signal. The circui

diagram of non>inverting amplifier is given below:


RF =100 k

VO

Vi

RI=10 k 7

2

+vcc

- vcc

6

34

VO

RF=100

k

+vcc

- vcc

6

34

Vi

RI=10

k

72

8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

7/24


=. List *%t th i'-*"tant 2at%"s *2 an inst"%'ntati*n a'-+i2i". ,N*D$ /011

The Important features of an instrumentation amplifier are :1. &igh gain accuracy

". &igh CM%%

3. &igh gain stability with low temperature coefficient

4. ?ow dc offset

5. ?ow output impedance

10. W"it th 'a*" 2%n$ti*n *2 inst"%'ntati*n a'-+i2i".

The major function of instrumentation amplifier is to amplify the low level output signal so that it ca

drive the indicator or display.

11. List th a--+i$ati*ns *2 inst"%'ntati*n a'-+i2i".

The applications of instrumentation amplifier are :

1. Temperature indicator

". Temperature controller

3. ?ight intensity meter

4. Dater flow meter

1/. What a" th (asi$ "B%i"'nts *2 inst"%'ntati*n a'-+i2i"&

The basic re!uirements of instrumentation amplifier are :

1.&igh gain

".&igh CM%%

3.&igh gain stability4.?ow +C offset

1. What is a #i22"ntiat*"& ,A-"Ma) /01/


8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

8/24


9 differentiator is the circuit which perform the mathematical operation of differentiation, i.e., th

output waveform is the derivative of the input waveform. The output voltage is given by

@ >%f Ci #d #i$ E dt$

Dhere % fis the feedbac: resistor, Ciis the input capacitance and iis the input voltage.

14. What a" th 'ain #"a8(a$>s *2 i#a+ #i22"ntiat*"& ,N*D$ /01/

The main drawbacs of ideal differentiator are :

1. 9t high fre!uency, the differentiator may become unstable and brea into oscillation.

". The input impedance decreases with increase in fre!uency, thereby maing the circuit sensitive to hig

fre!uency noise.

15. What is an int!"at*" $i"$%it& @*8 is it *(tain#&

9n p>amp circuit that produces an output signal, which is an integral of input signal, is called as integratocircuit. It is obtained by simply interchanging resistor and capacitor of differentiator circuit.

16. List th #"a8(a$>s *2 i#a+ int!"at*"

The drawbacs of ideal integrator are

1. 9t low fre!uencies #dc$, gain becomes infinity.

". Dhen the op>amp saturates i.e. the capacitor is fully charged, ideal integrator behaves lie an open circuit.

19. Wh) is th -"a$ti$a+ int!"at*" $a++# as +*ss) int!"at*"&

The gain of the integrator at lower fre!uencies can be limited to avoid the saturation problem, if the

feedbac capacitor C f is shunted by a resistor % f .The parallel combination of % f and C f behaves lie

practical capacitor, which dissipates power, unlie an ideal capacitor. or this reason, the circuit is called as

lossy integrator.

1;. List an) 2*%" a--+i$ati*ns *2 -"a$ti$a+ Int!"at*"

The applications of practical integrator are

1.9nalog computers

".9nalog to digital computers

3.Dave shaping circuits

4.In ramp generators


8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

9/24


1=. D2in ? F"B%n$) S$a+in!

re!uency -caling is defined as the procedure used to convert an riginal cut>off fre!uency f hto a

new cut>off fre!uency f h.

/0. What is a $*'-a"at*"&

9 comparator is a circuit which compares a signal voltage applied to one input of an op>amp with

nown reference voltage at other input. It is basically an op>amp with output H # sat$.

/1. What a" th $ha"a$t"isti$s *2 th $*'-a"at*"& ,A-"Ma) /01

The important characteristics of the comparators are :

1.-peed of operation

".9ccuracy

3.Compatibility of the output

//. List th #i22"nt t)-s *2 $*'-a"at*"

The two types of comparators are

1.Inverting comparator

".*on> Inverting comparator

/. List th a--+i$ati*ns *2 $*'-a"at*"

The applications of comparator are

1. Bero crossing detector

". Dindow detector

3. Time marer generator

4. )hase meter

/4. What is a S$h'itt t"i!!"&

9 -chmitt trigger is an inverting comparator with positive feedbac. It converts an irregular>shaped

waveform to a s!uare wave or pulse, and is called as s!uaring circuit.


8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

10/24


UNIT IIIANALOG MULTILIER AND LL

1. VCO is a+s* $a++# as V?2 $*n"t". Wh)& #%8>May ";1"$

9 voltage controlled oscillator is an oscillator circuit in which the fre!uency of oscillations can

be controlled by an e2ternally applied voltage #vc$. The C provides the linear relationship

between the applied voltage and the oscillation fre!uency. &ence C is also called voltage to

fre!uency #>f$ converter.

". D2in $a-t%" "an! *2 a LL& #%8>*ov ";11, %8>May ";1; %4>*ov ;3$

The range of fre!uency over which the )?? can ac!uire loc with an input signal is called

capture range. The )?? cannot ac!uire a signal outside the capture range, but once captured, it will

hold on till the signal fre!uency goes beyond the loc>in range. &owever, a large capture range will

mae )?? more susceptible to noise and undesirable signal.

3. D2in *+ta! t* 2"B%n$) $*n"si*n 2a$t*" >& #%8>*ov ;4 %8>May ";11$

oltage to fre!uency conversion factor vis defined as

Jv@ KfoE Kvc

&ere Jv isthe modulation voltage re!uired to produce the fre!uency shift Kfo for a C.

4. What is $*'-an#"& #%4>*ov ";;6 %8>9prEMay ";1;$

The signal is compressed at the transmitter and e2panded at the receiver. This is called as

companding. The combination of a compressor and e2pander is called a compander.


8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

11/24


5. D2in +*$>?in "an! *2 a LL. #%8> May ";1;$

The range of fre!uencies over which the )?? can maintain loc with the incoming signal is

called the loc>in range or tracing range. It is e2pressed as a percentage of the C free running

fre!uency fo.

6. D2in FS '*#%+ati*n. # %8> May ";1;$

-J is a type of fre!uency modulation in which the binary data or code is transmitted by means

of a carrier fre!uency that is shifted between two fi2ed fre!uency namely mar #logic1$ and space

fre!uency #logic ;$.

7. What is ana+*! '%+ti-+i"& #%8> May ";1;$

9 multiplier produces an output o, which is proportional to the product of two inputs 2and

y

;@ 2y

where J is the scaling factor.

8. D"a8 th (asi$ (+*$> #ia!"a' *2 LL& #%4>*ov ;5 %8>May";;L$


8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

12/24


Dhere, vs > Input signal,

fs > re!uency of input signal,

ve > /rror voltage,

fo >ree running fre!uency,

vo > utout oltage,

vc > Control voltage.

L. Gi t8* a--+i$ati*n *2 LL& #%4>9pr ;4 %8>*ov;L$

re!uency multiplication and division

re!uency translation.

9M detection.

M demodulation

1;.Mnti*n s*' a"as 8h" LL is 8i#+) %s#. #%8>+ec ";;L$

%adar synchroniations

-atellite communication systems

9ir borne navigational systems

M communication systems

Computers

11.What is a *+ta!?$*nt"*++# *s$i++at*"& #%4>9pr ;4$ #%8>9prEMay ";1;$

9 voltage controlled oscillator is an oscillator circuit in which the fre!uency of oscillation

can be controlled by an e2ternally applied voltage. It provides the linear relationship between the

applied voltage and the oscillation fre!uency.


8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

13/24


C is a free running multivibrator and operates at a set of fre!uency focalled free running

fre!uency. This fre!uency is determined by an e2ternal timing capacitor and an e2ternal resistor. It

can also be shifted to either side by applying a dc control voltage cto an appropriate terminal of

the IC. The fre!uency deviation is directly proportional to the dc control voltage and hence it iscalled a oltage Controlled scillatorN.

1".What is FS t$hniB%& #%4>May";;8$

In digital communication and computer peripheral, binary data is transmitted by means of a

carrier fre!uency which is shifted between two present fre!uencies. This type of data transmission

is called fre!uency shift eying #-J$ techni!ue.

13.+raw the circuit of 9M detector using )??. #%4>May";;8$

14.What is an *-"ati*na+ t"ans$*n#%$tan$ a'-+i2i"& D"a8 th s$h'ati$ #ia!"a'.

#%4>*ov ";;7$

It is an operational amplifier circuit it converts the voltage input signal to a proportional output

current. or this there are two types of circuits possible.

>I convertor with floating load

>I convertor with grounded load


8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

14/24


R$ 166 s+ 1=0

15.What a" th ssntia+ (%i+#in! (+*$>s *2 a LL& #9prEMay ";1; O%";;4$#May ";;7$

a. The essential building blocs of )?? are

b. )hase detector

c. ?ow>pass filter

d. 9mplifier

e. oltage Controlled scillator

16.D"a8 th (+*$> #ia!"a' *2 a '%+ti-+i" %sin! +*! an# anti+*! a'-+i2i"s.

#May ";;6$#*ov ";;7$

UNIT IV

ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS


8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

15/24


1. Wh) 2+ash ADC is $a++# th 2astst ADC& #%8>*ov ";;LEMay ";11E*ov ";11$

The flash type 9+C circuit has the advantage of high speed as the conversion tae place

simultaneously rather than se!uentially. The typical conversion time of this circuit is 1;; ns or less.

". D2in th a$$%"a$) *2 a DA $*n"t"& #%8>May ";1;$ #%8>May ";11$

9bsolute accuracy is the ma2imum deviation between the actual converter output and the ideal

converter output. %elative accuracy is the ma2imum deviation after gain and offset errors have been

removed. +ata sheets normally specify relative accuracy rather than absolute accuracy. The

accuracy of a converter is also specified in terms of ?-' increments or percentage of full scale

voltage.

3. D2in stt+in! ti' *2 DA $*n"t". #%8>May ";11$The settling time of +9C represents the time it taes for the output to settle within a specified

band H#1E"$ ?-' of its final value following a code change at the input. It depends upon the

switching time of the logic circuitry due to internal parasitic capacitances and inductances. -ettling

time ranges from 1;;ns to 1;Ps depending on word length and type of circuit used.

4. D2in "s*+%ti*n *2 a #ata $*n"t".# %4>9prEMay ;3, ;5, ;6 ;7, %8>9prEMay *ov ";1;

%L>*ov ";11$

The resolution of a converter is the smallest change in voltage which may be produced at the

output or input of the converter.

The resolution of an 9+C is defined as the smallest change in analog input for a one bit change

at the output.

5. Na' th ssntia+ -a"ts *2 a DAC. #%8>May ";1;$

Q +rive motors

Q 9nalog devices


8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

16/24


Q +eglitcher

Q ilter

6. An ; (it s%$$ssi a--"*7i'ati*n ADC is #"in () a 1 M@: $+*$>. Fin# its $*n"si*n ti'.

#%4>9prEMay ";1;$

-olution:

The time taen for one cloc pulse is 1 Ps

Tc @ T#n=1$

Dhere, Tc O Conversion time

n O number of bits

Tc @ 121;>6#8=1$

Tc @ LPsec.

7. Gi th a#anta!s *2 int!"atin! t)- ADC. #%8>9prEMay ";1;$

Integrating type 9+C do not need a sample and hold circuit at the input.

It is possible to transmit fre!uency even in noisy environment or in an isolation form.

(sed for precision measurement of slow varying signal.

It is immune to temperature caused variations in %1and C1.

&ighly accurate and low cost.

8. Whi$h is th 2astst ADC an# 8h)& #%8>May *ov ";1;$

lash type 9E+ converter.

The flash type 9+C circuit has the advantage of high speed as the conversion tae place

simultaneously rather than se!uentially. The typical conversion time of this circuit is 1;; ns or less.

L. C*'-a" an# $*nt"ast (ina") +a##" an# R?/R +a##" DAC& #%8>*ov ";1;$


8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

17/24


'inary ladder %>"% ladder

Dide range of resistor values is

re!uired.

It is impracticable to fabricate

large value of resistor

inite resistance of the switches

disturbs the binary weighted

relationship among the various

currents

/asy to build accurately with two

metal film resistors.

/asy to fabricate.

oltage remains constant with

changing input binary words.

1;.List th a--+i$ati*ns *2 NE565. #%8>*ov ";1;$

re!uency multiplier

re!uency synthesier

M detector

-J demodulator

re!uency translator

11.What a" th a#anta!s an# #isa#anta!s *2 R?/R +a##" DAC& #%8>May ";1;$

9dvantages:

Q /asier to build

Q *umber of bits can be e2panded by adding more sections.

+isadvantage:

Q More power dissipation maes heating, which in turns develops non>linearties in +9C.


8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

18/24


1".Gi th #isa#anta!s *2 2+ash t)- AD $*n"t". #%8>May ";1;$

The simultaneous type 9E+ converter #flash type 9E+ converter$ is not suitable for 9E+

conversion with more than 3 or 4 digital output bits. The number of comparators re!uired are #" n>1$

where n is the desired no of bits. &ence the number of comparators appro2imately doubles for each

added bit.

13.-tate the advantages of dual slope 9+C. #%4>+ec ";;L$

+ual slope 9+C provides e2cellent noise rejection of ac signals whose periods are integral

multiples of the integration time T. These are particularly suitable for accurate measurement of

slowly varying. /g: Thermocouples and weighing scales.

14.List *%t th #i"$t t)- ADCs. #%4>+ec ";;L$

lash #comparator$ type converter

Counter type converter

Tracing or servo converter

-uccessive appro2imation type converter

UNIT V

SECIAL FUNCTION ICs

ART A

1. What a" th +i'itati*ns *2 IC 9/ !n"a+ -%"-*s "!%+at*"& ND 1/? R0;

The limitations of 1C 7"3 voltage regulators are :

i$ *o built in thermal protection

ii$ It has no short circuit current limits

/. What is -*8" a'-+i2i"& ND 1/? R0;


8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

19/24


The amplifiers which are used to deliver large power to the load in the range of few watts and

which handle large signals to produce large power is called power amplifiers or large signal

amplifiers.

. What a" th +i'itati*ns *2 th" t"'ina+ "!%+at*"& M ??

Dhere &?@ load voltage with high line voltage.

*?@ load voltage with low line voltage.

9. W"it th 2*"'%+a 2*" a -"i*# *2 *s$i++ati*ns in an *-?a'- asta(+ $i"$%it. Mamp astable circuit is

T@ "%Cln #sat=TE sat> T


8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

20/24


;. D2in #%t) $)$+ *2 a -"i*#i$ -%+s 8a2*"'. Mt$h th '*n*sta(+ '%+tii("at*" $i"$%it #ia!"a' %sin! IC 555. ND 10? R0;


8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

21/24


1. What is 'ant () th"'a+ sh%t#*8n a--+i# t* *+ta! "!%+at*"s& ND 10? R0;

Thermal shut down means that the chip will automatically turn itself off if the internaltemperature e2ceeds 175

8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

22/24


19.What a" th +i'itati*ns *2 +ina" *+ta! "!%+at*"s& M- flip> flop

iii$ Two comparatorsiv$ +ischarge transistor

1=.Gi t8* a#anta!s *2 an is*+ati*n A'-+i2i". AM10? R04

9dvantages of isolation 9mplifiers are

i$ -mall sie

ii$ ?ow offset


8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

23/24


iii$ ?ow drift

iv$ Dide bandwidth

v$ (ltra low leaage

vi$ ?ow leaage

/0.D"a8 th s8it$h# $a-a$it*" "si*n *2 an Int!"at*". AM10? R04

/1.What is an is*+ati*n a'-+i2i"& ND 0=? R04

9n isolation amplifier is an amplifier that offers an ohmic or electrical isolation between its

input and output terminals.

//.D2in SMS. ND 0=? R04

9 switched>mode power supply #switching>mode power supply, -M)-, or switcher$ is an

electronicpower supplythat incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrica

powerefficiently.

/.What a" th "B%i"'nts 2*" #si!nin! a i#* a'-+i2i"& M< 0=? R04

The re!uirements for designing a video amplifier are

i$ To increase the bandwidth the gain must be reduced by decreasing %?

ii$ The load capacitance should be as small as possible

iii$ If discrete circuit is used choose the transistor having high value of fTand low value of base

spreading resistor rbbR

iv$ (se C/>C' cascade pair as an amplifier because of its high fre!uency is better than the C/amplifier

v$ (se one or more negative feedbac loops ti increase the bandwidth of the amplifier

/4.Na' t8* a--+i$ati*ns *2 an is*+ati*n a'-+i2i". ND 0;? R04

9pplications of an isolation amplifiers are

i$ ?ow level signals with high common>mode voltages

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_power_conversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_power_conversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_power_conversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_power_conversion

8/10/2019 Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

24/24


ii$ 'reaing ground loops

iii$ Medical patient monitoring e!uipment

iv$ )rotection of electronic instrumentsEe!uipment

v$ 9nalog and +igital ac!uisitionvi$ Industrial environment

/5.List th $ha"a$t"isti$s *2 *-t*$*%-+". AM0;? R04

The characteristics of an opto coupler are:

i. Current intensity ratio

ii. Isolation impedance

iii. %esponse time

iv. CM%%

v. 'andwidth

Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A

Documents

Transcript of Ec2254 Lic 2 Marks q A