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AmYw{ZH$ Ý`m`àUmbr Am¡a nw{ï>_mJu` gmYZmàUmbr

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(Ÿ^JdËgodm_| à{V~ÝY hmoZoHo$ gÝX ©_|Ÿ)

Jmoñdm_r í`m_ _Zmoha

"^JdËgodm-eaUmJ{V_| à{V~ÝY' {dMmaJmoð>rHo$ hoVw AmboIàñVw{VH$ma : Jmoñdm_r í`m_ _Zmoha

àH$meH$ :lrdëb^mMm © Q´>ñQ>, H§$gmam ~Oma, _m§S>dr, H$ÀN>, JwOamV-370465.

àH$meZmW© Am{W©H$ gh`moJXmVm :Jmoñdm_r lr`moJoeHw$_ma (ŸJmoHw$b-_w§~BŸ),lr{_bZ H$m§Q>mdmbm (ŸAh_Xm~mXŸ),lr_Vr h§gm~oZ gw.narI (ŸAh_Xm~mXŸ),lrOZH$ Ama. emh (ŸAh_Xm~mXŸ),lrn§H$O^mB© O§~wg[a`m (Ÿ_w§~BŸ).

àH$meZdf© : {d.g§.2063.

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lrdëb^mMm © Q´>ñQ>, _m§S>dr Ûmam {dJV H$B© dfm]go dmëb^ gåàXm`Ho$Ym{_©H$ Xme©{ZH$ AmMma Am{Xgo Ow‹S>o {d{^ÝZ _wÔm|na O¡go {H$ d¡îUddmVm©,A{YH$ma, gmYZmàUmbr, eaUmJ{V, JwUJmZ, JdËgodm {df`m|na gmåàXm{`H$ñVana {dMmaJmoð>rH$m Am`moOZ hmoVm Am ahm h¡. gmYZm{df`H$ {dMma Ho$ ~mXH«$_H$s Ñ{ï>go \$bgå~ÝYr {dMma àmg[“H$ hmoZm Mm{hE Wm. naÝVw {H$gr ^ràH$maHo$ à{V~ÝYŸ-Ÿ{d¿Z {~Zm grYo \$bHo$ {_b OmZona \$bH$m gÀMm AmñdmXH¡$go {_b gH$Vm h¡Ÿ! AV… \$b{df`H$ {dMmaJmoð>rH$m Am`moOZ H$aZogo nyd©""nw{ï>^pŠV Am¡a nw{ï>àn{Îm gmYZm_| à{V~ÝY'' {df`na JV {gVå~a 2006_| EH$ {dMmaJmoð>rH$m Am`moOZ {H$`m J`m.

àñVwV nwñVH$_| JwOamVr-AZwdmXHo$ gmW _yb_| {hÝXr_| Ambo{IV ""AmYw{ZH$Ý`m`àUmbr Am¡a nw{ï>_mJu` gmYZm H$m Amngr Q>H$amd (Ÿ^JdËgodm_| à{V~ÝYH$hmoZoHo$ gÝX ©_|Ÿ)'' {Z~ÝYH$mo ny.Jmo.lrí`m_Ÿ_ZmohaOr (Ÿnmbm©-{H$eZJT>Ÿ) ZoCŠV {dMmaJmoð>r_| àñVwV {H$`m Wm.

nyÁ`lrZo AnZo AmboInÌ_| JwéKamo_| hþE ^JdËgodmHo$ ~mao_| H$^r{eî`g_wXm`Ho$ gmW, H$^r H$m¡Qw>på~H$ OZm|_| nañna, Vmo H$^r amÁ`àemgZHo$ gmW Ý`m`mb`m|_| {N>‹S>o {ddmXm|Ho$ B{VhmgH$m, BZ {ddmXm|Ho$ H$maU gåàXm`H$monhþ§Mr AnyaUr` hm{Z, CgHo$ H$maUmoH$m Bgr Vah CZHo$ {ZdmaUHo$ Cnm`m|H$m{Zê$nU {H$`m h¡.

AmnlrHo$ AmboInÌ_| {H$ o J o {Zê$nUH$m Bgr Vah gåàXm`Ho$ B{VhmgH$mg_J«VmHo$ gmW {dMma H$aZona `h ñnï> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ CŠV {ddmXm|Ho${N>‹S>ZoH$m Am¡a CZHo$ KmVH$ n[aUm_ AmZoHo$ nrN>o _yb H$maU Wo : gmåàXm{`H${gÕmÝV Am¡a ^mdZm Ho$ ~mao_| àdV©_mZ AkmZ, AÝ`WmkmZ, g§e`, AlÕmAm¡a {Zð>mhrZVm. AVEd Bg g_ñ`mH$m g_mYmZ ^r ñd_mJu` {gÕmÝV Am¡a^mdZm {df`H$ ewÕ kmZH$s àmpßV_| Am¡a ñd_mJu` {gÕmÝVm|Ho$ à{V AZÝ`{Zð>m

OmJ¥V H$aZo_| hr ahm hþdm h¡.

Bg AmboInÌHo$ {hÝXr-JwOamVr ñdê$nHo$ gmW hr gmW {gÕmÝVdMZmdbrVWm A_¥VdMZmdbr ^r AmYma yV gm_J«rHo$ gÝX{^V H$s J`r hmoZogo CÝh| ^r`hm§ Wmo‹S>o-~hmoV h¡a\¡$a Ho$ gmW nwZ…àH$m{eV H$s Om ahr h¢. AÝ` ^r Hw$N>CX²~moYH$ n[a{eï>m|Ho$ gmW. Bg Adí` {dMmaUr` {Z~ÝYHo$ {Z…ewëH$ {dVaUmW©Am{W©H$ gh`moJ àXmZ H$aZodmbo g^r Bï>OZm|Ho$ à{V H¥$VkVmkmnZ Ho$ gmW...

eaX² Jmoñdm_r (_m§S>dr-H$ÀN>)

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Am_wInwpîQ>gåàXm`_| OÝ_ boZoHo$ H$maU OÝ_OmV nwpîQ>_mJu; AWdm ~mha H$htgo

Am H$a nwpîQ>_mJ©_| Xr{jV hmoZodmbo ZdmJÝVwH$, h_ g^r nwpîQ>_mJm©ZwJm{_Am|H$moEH$ AmXe© AnZr Ñ{ï>go H$^r AmoPb Zht hmoZo XoZm Mm{h o. dh `h AmXe©h¡ {H$ AnZo nwpîQ>_mJu` OrdZgo h_ Omo Hw$N> Anojm aIVo hm| CZ AnojmAm|goH$ht A{YH$ lo ñH$m[aUr Anojm `h h¡ {H$ Bg yVbna h_mam nwpîQ>_mJu`OrdZ h_ nwpîQ>Ordm|go Š`m Anojm aIVm h¡Ÿ? Bgna gmdYmZrHo$ gmW Hw$N>CXmÎm {MÝVZ Am¡a VXZwgma AnZr g§H$ënepŠV H$mo Jå^raVmHo$ gmW à~b~ZmZoH$s h¡.

hf©H$m {df` h¡ {H$ Bg {Xem_| lrdëb^mMm © Q´>ñQ> H$ÀN>-_m§S>dr ñd_mJu`Y_©{gÕmÝVm|na gmåàXm{`H$ {dMmaJmoð>r VWm Xe©Z{gÕmÝVm|na ñdgåàXm oVa{dÛmZm|H$s ^r {dMmaJmo{ð>Am|H$m {ZVmÝV A{^ZÝXZr` g_m`moOZ BYa Hw$N>dfm]go {ZaÝVa H$aVm Am ahm h¡. _wPo `h H$hZo_| V{ZH$ ^r g§H$moM AZw yV ZhthmoVm {H$ AnZo gåàXm`_| AmO Mmho BgH$m _hÎd {H$grHo$ Jbo CVao `m Z CVao^{dî`_| BZ {dMmaJmo{ð>Am|Ho$ Am`moOZm|_| hþdo {MÝVZH$s _hÎmm nw{ï>{MÝVZH$s`mÌmHo$ B{Vhmg_| H«$moeñVå^Ho$ ê$n_| _mÝ` hm|Jr hr.

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O¡go {H$gr JrVH$s ñdamdbrH$mo ~hþYm gwZVo ahZoHo$ H$maU, OmZ boZoHo$~mdOyX, O~ VH$ ñd`§ AnZo H$ÊR>go Cgo àH$Q> Z {H$`m Om` V~ VH$ñdag§ moOZmH$m gyú_gm¡ÝX © AdJV Zht hmo nmVm. AWdm O¡go {H$gr aå`CÚmZHo$ {MÌH$mo {Zhma boZoHo$ ~mdOyX CgH$s gwaå`Vm Cg CÚmZ_| {dhaU {H$ o{~Zm öX²JV Zht hmo nmVr. Eogo hr ñd_mJu` Y_©-Xe©Z-gå~ÝYr {gÕmÝVm|H$s

Jå^raVmH$m ^r O~ VH$ {ZíN>b ~moY_mÌHo$ à`moOZde emÝV {MÎmgo g~Ho$gmW {_bOwb H$a Amng_| h_ AmH$bZ Zht H$aVo, V~ VH$ AnZr gyú_Vmdo h_mar ~w{Õ Am¡a öX` Ho$ gm_Zo PbH$mVo Zht h¡Ÿ!

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O~ h_Zo AnZo goì` à^wHo$ gå_wI AnZo _mJ©Ho$ AZwJm{_Am|H$mo~«ô_gå~ÝYXrjm àXmZ H$aVo h¢ CgHo$ AÝV©JV "{dÎm' nXHo$ à`moJHo$H$maU XrjmWu d¡îUdZo AnZm {dÎm h_mao goì` à^wH$mo g_{n©V H$a hr {X`mh¡. Eogr pñW{V_| h_mao goì` à wH$s godm_| d¡îUd OZVmHo$ {dÎmH$m {d{Z`moJXmofmdh An{gÕmÝV H¡$go hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ?

AnZr AW©bmobwnVmHo$ H$maU àH$Q> hþE XodbH$VmHo$ Bg Z½ZVmÊS>dH$mog§ V {H$`m Om o Vmo ghO hr `h g_P_| Am gH$Vm h¡ {H$ XrjmW© JÚ_ÝÌ_|XrjmWuHo$ Xohm{X Ka~ma VWm n[adma g^rH$m ^JdËg_n©U à{VkmV h¡. EogrpñW{V_| ^JdËgodm_| Ho$db {dÎmHo$ hr {d{Z`moJH$s BVZr Amgwar bmbgmŠ`m|Ÿ? Š`m| Xr{jVHo$ ì`pŠVHo$ Ka_| AnZo goì` à wH$mo nYmam H$a CgHo$n[admaOZm|H$mo godm gm|n Zht Xr OmVrŸ! Š`m| nJmaXma ZmoH$am|go AnZo hr Kam|_|godmH$m ì`dgm` Mbm`m OmZoH$m _moh nmbm Om ahm h¡Ÿ? {X {deof JdÝ_y{V©Ho$hr AW©_| g_n©U A{^àoV hmo Vmo gmjmV² Cg ^JdÝ_y{V©Ho$ gå_wI {Ogo XrjmZ Xr J`r hmo, H$_go H$_ Eogo Xe©ZmWuHo$ YZH$mo Vmo AnZr ^JdËgodm_|{d{Z`moJ H$aZoH$s bmbgmna Vmo A§Hw$e nmZm Mm{h o WmŸ! h g~ ñd{gÕmÝVJm¡ad,ñdgoì`à^wHo$ Jm¡ad, YZbmobwnVma{hV nw{ï>^pŠVHo$ Jm¡ad; Am¡a AÝVV…AmMm ©d§eO hmoZoHo$ AmË_Jm¡ad Ho$ Ajå` õmgH$m Xwîn[aUm_ h¡Ÿ!

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Bgna Ano{jV MMm©-{dMmaUm hmo Zht nm`r. Bg {df`na g^r h_ nw{ï>_m{J©Am|H$moH$^r Z H$^r Vmo Jå^raVmHo$ gmW {dMma Vmo H$aZm hr n‹S>oJm. AV… {dMmaJmoð>rH$mgmam {ddaU àH$Q> hmoZogo nyd© r Bgo àH$meZmW© AZw_{V àXmZ H$aZoHo$ hoVw CŠVÝ`mgHo$ à{V AnZr H¥$VkVmkmnZHo$ gmW...

Xrnmdbr {d.g§.206363, ñdpñVH$ gmogm`Q>r,4ŸWm añVm, OwhþñH$s_,nmb} _w§~B.

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Amngr Q>H$amd(Ÿ^JdËgodm_| à{V~ÝY hmoZoHo$ gÝX ©_|Ÿ)


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AVEd àñVwV nw{ï>_mJu` gmYZmàUmbrH$s {ddoMZm_| Xoe-H$mbH$s {df_n[apñW{VHo$ de àH$Q> hþE {dH¥$V ñdê$nH$mo AmXe© _mZZoHo$ ~Om` J«ÝWmon{Xï>ñdê$nH$mo hr h_ àm_m{UH$ _mZ H$a `hm§ {d_em©W© àd¥Îm hmoZm Mmh|Jo. Š`m|{H$Cn{Xï> {gÕmÝVHo$ ~mao_| gmdYmZrHo$ gmW Omo Ny>Q>N>mQ> naånam_| br J`r hm|AWdm Xoe-H$mbde nZnr AZMmhr {dH¥${V`m§ Omo naånam_| Ow‹S> J`r hm|, CÝh|H$^r Z H$^r Vmo AnZo _ybê$n_| ñdñW ~ZmZoH$m Z¡{VH$ CÎmaXm{`Ëd AZwJm{_Am|H$mhmoVm hr h¡. `h `{X A^rï> Z hmo Vmo CÝh| _yb òmoVgo Omo‹S>Zm `m CZHo$ gmW_yb òmoVH$m Zm_ Omo‹S>Zm AZr{VnyU© H¥$Ë` ~Z OmVm h¡. dh {X OJVd§MZm ZhtVmo Cggo ^r J{h©V AmË_d§MZm hr hmoVr h¡. AV… nw{ï>_mJu` gmYZmàUmbrH$mJ«ÝWmon{Xï> ñdê$n hr Bg AmboIZH$s dh àm_mÊ`n[a{Y h¡ {OgHo$ ^rVa ah H$ahr Omo Hw$N> àñVwV H$aZm h¡ gmo H$aZm h¡.

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3 4

VWm KŸgodmW©-AmOr{dH$m H$m ^r ñdma{gH$ AÝV^m©d {gÕ h¡ hr. VXW©`Wmnojm CÕaUgÝX © ^r àm`… Cg {gÕmÝVdMZmdbrgo àñVwV {H$ o Om |Jo.AñVw.

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^mdmZwdmX ^r V^r àñVwV {H$`m J`m Wm. V~go AmO VH$ g¡ÕmpÝVH$ Ñ{ï>goH$moB© ^r Jå^ra Ìw{Q> `m AWm©ÝVa BZ_| H$moB© ^r {XIbm Zht nm`m. Hw$N>~MH$mZr N>rN>mboXa Adí` àH$m{eV hþ`r Wr. AÝ` Hw$N> AmbmoMH$m|ÛmamyVH$mb_| ñd §Kmo{fV {dYmZm|Ho$ dXVmoì`mKmV H$aZodmbr AmbmoMZm r àH$m{eV

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AV… AJ{VH$V`m _ybdMZm|Ho$ AmYmana `h {ZpíMV hmo OmVm h¡ {H$nw{ï>gåàXm`_|Ÿ•

1Ÿ^JdËgodmW© Ano{jV ñWb godmH$Vm©H$m AnZm {ZOr Ka hmoVm h¡,gmd©O{ZH$ Xodmb` Zht.

2Ÿgoì`ñdê$n ^r godmH$Vm© Am¡a CgHo$ n[adma Ûmam H$s OmVr^JdËgodmHo$ hoVw ñdmW©-à{Vð>m{nV hmoVm h¡, namW© Zht. AWm©V²nw{ï>_mJm©ZwJm_r OZgmYmaUH$s Ym{_©H$ gmYZm `m Ym{_©H$ {hV Ho$ hoVwà{Vð>m{nV Zht.

AVEd Eogo {ZOJ¥h_| {~amO_mZ {ZOr AmamÜ` ñdê$nHo$ ÔZmW©A{YH$ma ^r 3ŸgodmH$Vm©, Am¡a CgH$s AZw_{VHo$ AmYmana, CgHo$nm[adm[aH$ `m Bï> OZm|H$m hr hmoVm h¡, nw{ï>_mJ©_| Xr{jV ha {H$grd¡îUd `m OZgmYmaU H$m Zht.

VXZwgma 4Ÿ^JdËgodmH$m ñdê$n ^r {ZOr hr hmoVm h¡ gmd©O{ZH$Zht.

Am¡a AVEd H$Ÿ~«ô_gå~ÝY `m AmË_{ZdoXZ H$s gmåàXm{`H$s Xrjm^r ñd § VWm ñd §Ho$ nm[adm[aH$ OZm|Ho$ ^JdËgodmHo$ A{YH$mamW© brOmVr h¡, nw{ï>gåàXm`_| àdoemW© AWdm gmåàXm{`H$ gmd©O{ZH$ Xodmb`m|_|Xe©ZmW©, AÝ` {H$gr Ûmam H$s OmVr ^JdËgodmHo$ hoVw YZàXmZmW©AWdm ^JdËàgmXJ«hUmW© Zht.

n[aUm_V`m IŸnw{ï>_mJu` ^JdËgodm_| Xe©ZmW© gpå_{bV hmoZoH$mH$V©ì` `m A{YH$ma ^r {ZOr hr hmoVm h¡, gmd©O{ZH$ Zht.

`hr VÏ` nw{ï>_mJ©_| H$s OmVr ^JdËgodmHo$ JŸà`moOZHo$ ~mao_o H$hmOm gH$Vm h¡ : godmH$m à`moOZ ^pŠVê$nm `m ^pŠVd¥ÕçW© H$s OmVrgodmÛmam ñd §-{Zdo{XV AhÝVm-__VmñnX nXmWm]H$m AnZo Ka_| {~amOVo^JdËñdê$nHo$ hoVw {d{Z`moOZ hmoVm h¡. OZH$ë`mU `m OZà{ejUAm{X Zht.

AÝV_| {ZîH$f©V`m nw{ï>_mJ©_| KŸ^JdËgodm goì`ñdê$nH$s AmamYZm,AWm©V² àgÝZVm, Ho$ {b o hmoVr h¡ Z{H$ godmH$Vm© `m CgHo$ n[adma H$sAmOr{dH$mHo$ CnmO©ZmW©.

(ŸÐï>.{gÕm.dM.1-8 VWm nw{ï>{gÕmÝVMMm©g^mH$m g§{jßV {ddaUn¥.5-38Ÿ)

{gÕmÝVV… Vmo `h {gÕ hmo OmZona ^r EH$ Z½Z gË` `h Am¡ah¡ {H$ D$na{XIbm`r J`r àUmbrgo gd©Wm {dnarV hr nw{ï>_mJu` ^JdËgodmH$m {dH¥$VàH$ma dV©_mZ H$mb_| Mb ahm h¡. AnZr AmOr{dH$mHo$ CnmO©ZmW© AmË_{dídmgImo ~¡R>o h_ Y_m}nXoeH$m|H$s jwÐ YZbmbgmHo$ H$maU OZVmH$mo ^r ^JdËgodmH$s{dH¥$V àUmbrH$mo hr AZwgaZoH$mo AmO bw m`m `m ~hH$m {X`m J`m h¡. Eogo~hH$mZodmbo J«ÝWmon{Xï> {gÕmÝVm|H$mo Jm¡U {XIbm H$a naånamH$s XwhmB© XoVo h¢.naÝVw naånamHo$ g§dmhH$ CZ nyd©Om|Ho$ dMZ r, AVEd, Cg {gÕmÝVdMZmdbrHo$n[a{eï>_| "A_¥VdMZmdbr' erf©H$Ho$ ZrMo g§H${bV {H$ò Jò Wo. Vm{H$nw{ï>_mJ©H$s gÀMr _mÝ`Vmgo naånamH$s XwhmB© {H$VZr {dnarV h¡, `h ñd § XoImOm gHo$.

5 6

EVmdVm `{X H$moB© Eogo H$ho {H$ {gÕmÝVÑ{ï> Mmho Omo Hw$N> ahr hmo, ì`dhma_|CgH$m AZwgaU Zht {H$`m J`m hmoZogo, CgH$s à^m{dVm {Z…eof hmo J`r, Vmo`h {dYmZ Ag§JV h¡. Š`m|{H$ g_mO_| Mmoar-S>mH$m-hË`m Am{X AnamY ^rg^r wJm|go MbVo hr Am aho h¢, EVmdVm CÝh| AnamY Z _mZ gm_m{OH$ AZw_{VZht _mZm Om gH$Vm. Bgr Vah {gÕmÝVdMZmdbr Am¡a A_¥VdMZmdbr go{dnarV nw{ï>_mJu` Y_m}nXoeH$m|Ho$ VWm Y_m©Zw m{``m|Ho$ AmMaUm|H$mo AnamYê$nhr _mZZm Mm{h o, gmåàXm{`H$ AZw_{V Zht.

AÝ`Wm g^r dëb^d§eOm|H$mo gmjmV² nwéfmoÎm_ _mZZoH$s AÝYê${‹T>Ho$ H$maUnZnr AÝ`mÝ` {dH¥${V`m|H$mo ^r nw{ï>_mJu` gmYZmàUmbrH$m Amdí`H$ A§J_mZZm n‹S>oJmŸ! AmYw{ZH$ Ý`m`àUmbrHo$ àdV©H$ A§J«oµO Ý`m`mYrem|Zo lr`XwZmWOr_hmamOHo$ bm`~b-Ho$g²_| Vmo Eogm ñdrH$ma ^r {b`m WmŸ!! _wPo, {H$ÝVwŸ,I`mb_| Zht AmVm {H$ {H$gr ^r nw{ï>_mJu` Jmoñdm_r-AmMm ©Zo ""H$mZyZHo$AmJo {H$grH$s Š`m Mb gH$Vr h¡Ÿ?'' Eogr {ddeVm {XIbm H$a CZ AÝYê${‹T>ê$n{dH¥${V`m|H$mo gmd©O{ZH$ ê$n_| nw{ï>_mJu` {gÕmÝV `m AmXe© Ho$ ê$n_| _mÝ`aIm hmoŸ! H$maU ñnï> h¡ {H$ Z¡{VH$ ê$n_| V~ {dŠQ>mo[aAZ _moao{bQ>rH$m OmoaA{YH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU nw{ï>_mJ©H$s g_mO_| BVZr Vrd« {ZÝXm hþ r {H$ H$moB© Y¥ï>AnamYr Eogm ñdrH$maZm MmhVm hmoJm Vmo ^r ñdrH$ma Zht nm`m hmoJmŸ! AmOO~{H$ Ym{_©H$ gmYZmàUmbrH$mo CgHo$ {dewÕ ê$n_| AZwgaZoH$s {Zð>m ñd §nw{ï>_mJ©H$s AZwJm_r OZVm hr bJ^J Imo MwH$s hmoZogo CnXoeH$dJ© ^r,H$mZyZH$m ~hmZm ~Zm H$a, An{gÕmÝVH$m Iwëbm g_W©Z H$aZo bJo h¢Ÿ! `hgd©àW_ _m¡{bH$ à{V~ÝY AmYw{ZH$ Ý`m`àUmbrHo$ H$maU h_mar gmYZmàUmbr_|àH$Q> hþdm h¡.

{\$a^r nw{ï>_mJu` {gÕmÝV `m AmXe© H$mo CgHo$ {dewÕ ê$n_| Omo AZwgaZmMmhVo hm| CZH$s Ym{_©H$ ñdVÝÌVmH$m AnhaU hmoZm Vmo ñd § Ý`m`àUmbrHo$AñdñW ~Z OmZoH$s emoH$mpÝVH$m {gÕ hmoJr. EVXW© _m¡{bH$ {gÕmÝVH$m{d_e© g^rHo$ {b o Adí`_ZZr` VWm AdYmaUr` bJVm h¡.

5.nw{ï>_mJu` B{VhmgHo$ H$mbIÊS> :

gm_mÝ`V`m {H$gr ^r d§eH$s Mma nr‹T>rH$s Ad{Y àm` gm¡ df©H$s _mZrOmVr h¡. VXZwgma 1Ÿnw{ï>_mJ©H$s àW_ eVrHo$ _hmà w lrdëb^ Am¡a CZHo$d§eOm|H$s VrZ nr‹T>rH$m B{Vhmg, _mJ©Ho$ àdV©Z-àgmaUH$m à^mVH$mbrZlÕmoËnmXH$ d¥ÎmmÝV h¡. 2Ÿ{ÛVr` Mma nr{‹T>Am|H$m d¥ÎmmÝV _Ü`mH$me_| M_H$Vo_mV©ÊS>Ho$ _Ü`môZH$mbrZ àVmnHo$ O¡gm _mJ©_| lÕmdY©H$ _mZm Om gH$Vm h¡.3ŸV¥Vr` Mma nr‹T>rH$m AWm©V² Zm¢dtgo ~mahdt nr‹T>rHo$ dëb^d§eOm|H$m d¥ÎmmÝVeZ¡…-eZ¡… AnZr M_H$-X_H$ ImoVo OmVo T>bVo gyaOH$s Vah {dde AnZrY_©{Zð>mH$s M_H$-X_H$ ImoVo OmZodmbm|H$m d¥ÎmmÝV AnZr lÕmH$mo H$WpÄMV²{Z^mZoH$m h¡. 4ŸMm¡Wr Mma nr‹T>rH$m d¥ÎmmÝV AWm©V² Voahgo gmobhdt (Ÿ`m AJbrnm§Mdt eVrH$s gVahdt-AR>mahdt nr‹T>r ^r {JZ boZr hmo Vmo BZŸ) nr{‹T>`m|H$md¥ÎmmÝV, n[aJ{UV AndmXm|H$mo N>mo‹S> H$a, Y_©{Zð>mHo$ gyaOHo$ AñV hmo OmZoHo$H$maU {Z_y©b naånamAm|Ho$ gd©_mÝ` ~Z OmZoH$m lÕmHo$ {dbmonZH$m d¥ÎmmÝV h¡.AVEd Voahdt-Mm¡Xhdt nr{‹T>Am|Ho$ gmdYmZ Y_m©Mm`m]Ho$ o ŠboenyU© CX²Jma{ZVmÝV _ZZr` h¢ 1.""lr_XmMm ©H$s H$hm BÀN>m h¡ gmo OmZr Zht naV h¡... Omo{ZË`Zo_ h¡ gmo {ZË` ^moOZ H$ao h¢ Am¡a {ZË` Jnmo‹S>m _mao h¢, Am¡a {ZË` M¡Z CR>mdoh¢. gmo o h_mao M[aÌ h¢Ÿ! gmo nb§J‹S>rdmao hr nma bJmd|JoŸ!! 2.""Omo AmJo gmo-gdmgmo ~ag nhobo Vmo lrJmo.~m.Hw§$ VWm ~hþ-~oQ>rZ²ŸHw§$ AnZo ñdê$nH$mo kmZhVmo.A~ AmOH$b Zht h¡ VmH$mo H$maU AÝZXmof, Xw…g§JXmof dJoao ~hmoV ~‹T> J o h¢, OmoXodr Ord hVo dmo Vmo g~... d¡Hw$ÊR>_| nhm|M J o... Am¡a XodrZ²H$s XoImXoIr AmgwarOrdZo ^r ~«ô_gå~ÝY bo {b`mo CZHw§$ ~«.g. Vmo Zht ^`mo... CZH$mo Xw…g§J hþlrJmo.~m.Hw§$ ^r ^`mo V~ AnZmo VWm à yZ H$mo ñdê$n yb J o. Am¡a bm¡{H$H$_|AmgŠV hmo J o... gmo emoI-gm{h~rH$s Q>od Jmo.~m.Hw§$ n‹S>r h¡... Ka_| à w{~amOVo hm| CZHo$ {d{Z`moJ Z H$am`Ho$ AnZo AW© bJm`dogw§ ñdê$nH$s {dñ_¥{Vhmo Om` h¡... Am¡a lr_hmà wOrZo Om à_mU ahdoH$s Amkm H$ar Vm à_mUgy§A~aô`mo Zht Om`. Ka_| d¡ d ~‹T> Om`dogw§ n¡gmdmboZ²H$mo Aml` H$adogw§ JdX² mdH$shm{Z hmo Om` h¡'' (Ÿ120ŸdMZm.30. lrJmodY©.dMZm.21Ÿ). AV… BËW§d{U©VY_©JwéAm|Ûmam nmo{fV {Z_y©b naånamH$s XwhmB© AmOH$s gmobhgo gVahdt nr‹T>rHo$h_ Jmoñdm{_d¥ÝX Xo aho h¢. `h Jhar AÝYoar amV_| {Xem~moYgo a{hV nw{ï>_mJ©_|^Q>H$Zodmbo h_ AmYw{ZH$m|H$s emoH$mpÝVH$m h¡Ÿ! AV… Q>H$amdHo$ {b o à_wICÎmaXm`r AmYw{ZH$ Ý`m`àUmbrH$mo R>hamZm {H$VZm C{MV hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ?6.Eo{Vhm{gH$ VWm gmåà{VH$ Q>H$amdm|H$m VwbZmË_H$ ê$n :

7

1/H$Ÿnw{ï>^pŠVgåàXm`Ho$ àdV©H$ _hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`©MaUHo$ B{Vd¥Îm_|^r VXmZrÝVZ H$mZyZgo Q>H$amdHo$ H${Vn` àg§J CnbãY hmoVo h¢. BZ_| àñVwVgÝX ©_| CëboIZr` àg§J Mm¡amgr d¡îUdm|H$s dmVm©Ho$ AÝVJ©V gånÝZ ì`mnmarlrXm_moXaXmg g§ bdmboH$s dmVm©_| AmVm h¡. V~ Omo {hÝXw _wgë_mZ ~Z OmVoWo CÝh| AnZr n¡V¥H$ gån{Îmna A~m{YV CÎmam{YH$ma {_bZoH$m H$mZyZ Wm. OmonaÝVw AnZm Y_© ~XbVo Z Wo CÝh| àemgZgo CÎmam{YH$ma _mÝ` H$admZm n‹S>VmWm. AVEd g§ bdmboHo$ nwÌZo Y_©n[adV©Z H$a {b`m Wm. lrXm_moXaXmgH$s XohNy>Q>ZoHo$ ~mX CZH$s nËZrZo AnZo n{VH$s _¥Ë wHo$ g_mMma AVEd {N>nm H$alrÛmaH$mYreH$m ñdê$n Am¡a KaH$s gmar Mbgån{Îm _hmà wH$mo {Ôdm Xr.Cgo `h Z gwhm`m {H$ godmW© g_{n©V X¡dr gån{Îm AnZo _wgë_mZ nwÌHo$ hËWon‹S> Om oŸ! naÝVw bú_rHo$ gmW ZmamÙHo$ Ka_| nYmaZoHo$ g_mMma gwZ H$a_hmà wZo gmar bú_rê$nm Mbgån{Îm lr`_wZmOb_| {dg{O©V H$adm Xr. Ho$dbZmamÙê$n lrÛmaH$mYreHo$ ñdê$nH$mo hr AnZo Ka_| nYamZoH$s Amkm Xr. `m|gmao gå^m{dV H$mZyZr A‹S>§Jm| `m PJ‹S>m| H$s O‹S> hr _hmà wZo Vmo V~ H$mQ> XrWr. AV… Q>H$amd hmo Zht nm`m (ŸÐï>.84 d¡.dm.3Ÿ&8Ÿ). BVZr gm_Ï © AmOCZHo$ h_ d§eOm|_| hmoVr Vmo AmO ^r AmYw{ZH$ Ý`m`àUmbrHo$ gmW ~hmoV gmaoQ>H$amdgo ~Mm Om gH$Vm WmŸ! A{YH$m§e lrdëb^d§eO Jmoñdm_r Y_©JwéAm|ZoH$amYmZHo$ H$mZyZr Xmdn|Mgo ~MZoHo$ {b o AnZo n[adma_| OwQ>o d¡ d `m gånXmna 1Ÿ^moJm{YH$ma 2Ÿì`dñWm{YH$ma 3ŸAmZwd§{eH$ CÎmam{YH$ma m| VrZm| A{YH$mam|H$sgwajmHo$ _moh_| {ZOr ñdm{_ËdH$mo BÝH$ma {X`m. d¡go Vmo Q´>ñQ>H$s _m¡{bH$AdYmaUmgo hr `h gd©Wm {dnarV ~mV h¡; Š`m|{H$ Eogm H$aZona {ZOr ñdm{_ËdAm¡a Ý`mggånXmH$s ì`dñWm Ho$ A{YH$maHo$ ~rM oXaoIm hr bwßV hmo OmVrh¡. {\$a^r AmYw{ZH$ Ý`m`àUmbrZo AndmXê$noU Bg {damoYm^mgH$mo nw{ï>_mJu`Y_m©Mm`m]Ho$ ~mao_| _mÝ` H$a {b`mŸ! XodmoÎma gmd©O{ZH$ ñdm{_Ëddmbr gån{Îm_|^r CŠVŸ1,2,3 VrZm| A{YH$mam|H$mo ^moJZoH$s Ny>Q> Jmoñdm{_Am|H$mo Ý`mgr _mZZoHo$~mdOyX {_b J`rŸ! Bg MŠH$a_|, naÝVwŸ, AnZo _m§Wo {~amOVo ZmamÙHo$ñdê$nH$mo Vmo gmd©O{ZH$VmH$s `_wZm_| nYamZm n‹S>m. `h Vmo {H$gr Hw$_marH$Ý`mH$mo nmUrJ«hUÛmam {ddm{hVm nËZr ~Zm H$a Cgo nanwéfHo$ {b o Ka_|aIZoHo$ O¡gr agm^mgH$s H$Wm h¡. h h¡ CXmhaU _hmd¡narË`H$m. Bgo JdËgwIHo${dMmaH$m ~mZm nham`m OmVm h¡. `h, naÝVwŸ, gMmB© hmo Vmo Ý`mgrH$mo {ZOrCn^moJHo$ ñdmW©H$mo N>mo‹S> XoZm Mm{h o. _hmà w Am¡a à wMaU Ho$ H$ÊR>moŠV {ZfoY

""Omo lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo Ðì` Im`Jmo gmo _oamo Zmqh Aé _oamo godH$ ^JdXr` hmo Jmogm o X odÐì` H$~hÿ Z Im`Jm o. Om o Im`Jm o gm o _hmn{VV hm o`Jm o''(ŸA_¥.dM.1Ÿ)""ldUm{XZdH$_{n... d¥Î`Wª MoV² H¥${fdV² bm¡{H$H$Ed;em¡Mm{W©J§Jmñne©dV² M. Z{h Vñ` _b{Zd¥Î`[aŠVmo Y_©… CËnÚVo àË`wV{Z{fÕmMaUmV² nmn_{n'' (Ÿ^pŠVh§gŸ).

1/IŸnw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ à^mVH$mbH$s Xygar nr‹T>rna AdpñWV Jmoñdm_r lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUHo$ B{Vd¥Îm_| ^r Áòð>nwÌHo$ CÎmam{YH$madmXH$m P§PmdmVmon_ H$mZyZr_wÔm CR>m Wm. ñd § _hmà wHo$ {eî` Aï>N>mn lrH¥$îUXmgOrZo `h H$bh I‹S>m{H$`m. O{Vnwam_| lrZmWOrH$s godm H$aZoHo$ à wMaUHo$ A{YH$mana V~ à{V~ÝYbJm {X`m J`mŸ! Cg g_` `h Xodmb` gmd©O{ZH$ Wm Bgo Vmo ZH$mam Zht OmgH$Vm naÝVw ~mX_| `h {ZOr nm[adm[aH$ ~Zm {b`m J`m, `h ^r Eo{Vhm{gH$VÏ` AŠga wbm {X`m OmVm h¡.

d¡go Eo{Vhm{gH$ Ñ{ï>go XoI| Vmo lrZmWOrHo$ ñdê$nH$s godm ñd § _hmà w VmoAnZo {gÕmÝVHo$ AZwê$n {H$gr godmH$Vm©Ho$ Ka_| hr ZÝXmb`H$s ^mdZmHo$ gmWH$admZm MmhVo Wo. do ñd §, {H$ÝVwŸ, V~ J¥hñW Z hmo H$a n ©Q>Zerb ~«ô_MmarWo. gmo BVZo ~‹S>o ñdê$nH$mo gmW nYam H$a `mÌm eŠ` Z hmoZogo, d«OHo$ AnZoAZw m{Àm|Ho$ _m§Wo lrZmWOrHo$ ñdê$nH$mo nYamZm MmhVo Wo. {H$grHo$ ^r,{H$ÝVwŸ, g_wÚV Z hmoZona AÝV_| gXw nm§S>oZo gwPmd {X`m {H$ ""amYmH¥$îUHw§$S>naXodr^ŠV ~§Jmbr ~«mô_U ~go hþdo h¢ CÝh| lrZmWOrH$s godm gm|n XoZr Mm{hò.'' _hmà wZoEVXW© AnZr AZw_{V V~ Xo Xr (ŸÐ.84 d¡.dm.48Ÿ&2Ÿ). lrZmWOrHo$ BZ ~§JmbrAM©H$m|H$mo Z Vmo ~«ô_gå~ÝY _ÝÌ XoH$a nw{ï>gåàXm`_| Xr{jV {H$`m J`m Am¡aZ nw{ï>^pŠVHo$ AZwgma ñd § lrZmWOr {H$grHo$ Ka_| ZÝXmb`H$s ^mdZmHo$ gmWV~ {~amO nm o. d¡go ñd § _hmà wZo r nw{ï>^pŠVHo$ eŠ` Z hmoZona _`m©Xm^pŠVHo$AZwgaUH$mo r {gÕmÝVV… Vmo _mÝ` aIm hr Wm (ŸÐï>.^.d.8,V.Xr.{Z.2Ÿ&255,gm.Xr.36Ÿ). AVEd àW_ Vmo lrZmWOr _`m©Xm_mJu` àUmbrHo$ AZwgmagmd©O{ZH$ Xodmb`_| hr {~amOo. gmd©O{ZH$ Xodmb`Ho$ {Z_m©UmW© AW©am{eàXmZ H$aZodmbo ~«mô_UoVa lrnyaU _b j{Ì`H$mo Bgr{b o gmjmV² ñdê$ngodmH$sAZw_{V _hmà wZo àXmZ H$s Wr(Ÿ84d¡.dm.24Ÿ&1Ÿ). Jm_goOwQ>m`r ^JdmZ²H$s

8

^moJgm_J«rH$s godmHo$ hoVw ^r j{Ì` am_Xmg Mm¡hmZH$mo A{YH¥$V {H$`m J`m Wm(Ÿ84 d¡.dm.48Ÿ&2Ÿ). h g~ _hmà wH$s J¥hgodm_| {~amOVo ñdê$n lr_XZ_mohZOrlrJmoHw$bZmWOr `m lr{dÆ>bZmWOr Am{XH$s nw{ï>_mJu` ar{VHo$ AZwgma H$sOmVr godm_| àM{bV Z Wm. Bgr Vah lrZmWOrH$s godmW© Ano{jV gm_J«r^ŠVOZVmgo OwQ>mZo Am{XH$s ì`dñWmH$m A{YH$mar CŠV lrH¥$îUXmgOrH$mo~Zm`m J`m Wm. gmo éï> hmoZona CÝhm|Zo à wMaUna hr lrZmWOrH$s godm_|à{V~ÝY bmJy H$a {X`m. d¡go à wMaUZo Vmo Bgo {Zîà{VdmX _mÝ` hr aIm.{\$a^r VËH$mbrZ _wJb amÁ`Ho$ à_wI _ÝÌr ~ra~bZo lrH¥$îUXmgOrH$mo H$mamJ¥h_|S>mb {X`m. `m| gaH$mar AZwkm àmßV H$a lrZmWOrH$s godm H$aZm C{MV Z_mZZoHo$ H$maU à wMaUZo ñd § _hmà wÛmam A{YH¥$V lrH¥$îUXmgOrHo$ Ûmam H$hoOmZona hr godm H$aZr C{MV _mZr Wr (ŸÐï>. : 84 d¡.dm.84Ÿ&7Ÿ). Bggo {gÕhmoVm h¡ {H$ à wMaUZo Ym{_©H$ {df`_| amÁ`mkmHo$ ~Om` AnZo {nVm _hmà wAWm©V² Y_m©Mm ©H$s AmkmHo$ nmbZH$mo AmXe© _mZm ""gmo Jwgm§B©Or Vmo godm-qgJma H$[a Om§ Am¡a H$mhÿgm| H$Nw> H$ho Zht. H$moB© godH$ lrJwgm§B©Orgm| nyN>o V~lrJwgm§B©Or Amn H$h| Omo H¥$îUXmg A{YH$marHo$ nmg OmdmoŸ - Ÿh_ OmZ| Zht''(Ÿ84 d¡.dm.84Ÿ&2Ÿ). ñd § Y_m©Mm © O~ Y_©Ho$ {df`_| r Y_©J«ÝWm|H$s AmkmgoA{YH$ à_wIVm H$mZyZH$s ñdrH$maZo bJVm h¡, V~ dh ñd § hr H$mZyZHo$A{YH$m[aAm|H$s AnZogo A{YH$ loð>VmH$m N>ÙñdrH$ma H$a boVm h¡. H$mZyZY_}Va {df`_| g_mO_| gdm}n[a hmo gH$Vm h¡. Y_© Am¡a H$mZyZ H$s {H$ÝVwAnZr-AnZr joÌ_`m©Xm Vmo hmoVr hr h¢. AmOHo$ h_ dëb^d§eO Y_m©Mm`m]©ZoBg {df`_| AnZm AmË_{dídmg Imo {X`m. AV… AnZr gmYZmàUmbr_|Ý`m`àUmbrHo$ hñVjonH$mo ñd § h_Zo Am_§{ÌV {H$`m h¡. ñdY_©go {dnarVAmMaUHo$ H$maU h_mao nw{ï>gåàXm`Ho$ JdËgodmñWb Am¡a goì`ñdê$n H$mZyZHo$joÌ_| AÝV y©Vhmo J o. H$mZyZr joÌ_| AmVr ~mVŸ-ŸOZVmHo$ hoVwŸ, OZVmHo$ Ðì`goAm¡a OZVmHo$ à{V{Z{YV`mŸ -Ÿ^JdËgodmê$n ñdY_©Ho$ AZwð>mZH$mo h_Zo AnZona_Y_©Ho$ ê$n_| A~ _mÝ` H$a {b`m hmoZogoŸ!

1/JŸnw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ à^mVH$mbH$s Vrgar nr‹T>rna AdpñWV lr{dÆ>bZmW à wMaUHo$MVwWm©Ë_O lrJmoHw$bZmWOrHo$ B{Vd¥Îm_| ^r EH$ _hmZ² P§PmdmV `m H$mZyZgoQ>H$amd n¡Xm hþdm Wm. CÁO{`ZrHo$ {MÐyn g§Ý`mgrHo$ à^md_| Am H$a O~

~mXemh Ohm§JraZo h_maoÛmam ^JdËgodm_| Adí`YmaUr` Vwbgr_mbm Am¡aD$Üd©nwÊS´>{VbH$ na à{V~ÝY bJm {X`m Wm. V~ Cg à{V~ÝYgo S>ao {~Zm AnZm_wÔm ~mXemhHo$ gm_Zo lrJmoHw$boeZo àñVwV {H$`m. ""{VbH$-_mbm CVmar Š`m|ZhtŸ?'' nyN>o OmZona ""h_mar JaXZ CVmar OmZoHo$ gmW o CVmar Om gH$Vr h¢''Eogr {Z^uH$ dmUr_| Xmo-Qy>H$ ~mV H$h XoZoH$m gmhg àH$Q> H$a {XIm`m. V~~mXemhZo _mbm-{VbH$ Z N>mo‹S>Zo hm| Vmo JmoHw$b_| AnZo KaH$mo N>mo‹S> XmoŸ! Eogm{dH$ën gm_Zo aIm. Bgna AnZr ^dZgån{ÎmHo$ ~Om` AnZo godmW© YmaUr`{VbH$-_mbmHo$ {MôZm|H$s CnmXo Vm A{YH$ ñdrH$maZodmbo lrJmoHw$bZmWOrgmoa_ Om H$a ~g J o (ŸÐï>. : _mbmoÕm._m§J.5-6Ÿ). Eogr ñdY_©{Zð>m AmOh_mao ^rVa H$hm§ ~M nm`r h¡Ÿ!

Eogr h¡ AnZr gmYZmàUmbr Am¡a Ý`m`àUmbr Ho$ Amngr Q>H$amdH$snw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ à^mVH$mbHo$ B{VhmgH$s H$WmŸ!

2/I-J-KŸàW_ Mma nr{‹T>Am|_|go VrZ nr‹T>rHo$ Cpëb{IV B{Vd¥ÎmHo$ ~mX XygarMma nr{‹T>`m|_| AWm©V² nm§Mdt N>Æ>r gmVdt Am¡a AmR>dt nr{T>Am|_| hþdo H${Vn`Q>H$amdm|_| EH$ CëboIZr` Q>H$amdH$m d¥ÎmmÝV 120ŸdMZm_¥VH$ma lr{JaYabmbOrZo{dñVmanyd©H$ 60Ÿd| dMZm_¥V_| {X`m h¡. {ddmXH$m _wÔm Wm : Á oð> «mVmHo$ Ka_|CÎmam{YH$mar Z ah OmZona bKw «mVmAm|Ho$ Kam|_|go CÎmamoÎma `ŸH${Zð>J¥hm|Ho$ H«$__|Omo Á oð> hmo VXZwgma JmoX boZm `m Omo aŸd`…H«$__| Á oð> hmo VXZwgma JmoX boZm.Š`m Bg {df`_| b {Xd§JV «mVmH$s {dYdm nËZrH$m {Z~m©Y ñdmV³Í` hmoVm h¡ `mdŸHw$bn[admaH$s {H$gr VahH$s ê${‹T> à~b hmoVr h¡. Bg {ddmX_| Hw$b-n[admaHo$gXñ`m|H$m {ZU© `+bŸH$ënHo$ nj_| Wm. AmJ«m_| _wJb ~mXemhHo$ gm_Zo aIrJ`r \$[a`mX_| ^r nhbo Vmo `hr H$ën _mZ {b`m J`m. ~mX_|, {H$ÝVwŸ,~mXemhH$mo H$WpÄMV² Iwe H$a `h {ZU© ~Xbdm {X`m J`m. Am¡a VXZwgman[adma_| goì`ñdê$nH$m ~§Q>dmam H$aZm hr n‹S>m. {bhmµOm Xw~mam H$^r ~mXemhr{ZU© ~Xb Z Om o Bg ^r{Vgo XmoZm| {ddmXerb n[admaHo$ gXñ` ~mXemhràXoeH$mo N>mo‹S> H$a EH$ {hÝXwamÁ` _odm‹S>_| Om ~gm Am¡a Xygam A§J«oµOm|H$moàemgZmW© àXÎm gwaV eha_| Om ~gm. V~go CR>m hþdm `h {ddmX A^r VH$ñdVÝÌ ^maVHo$ Ý`m`mb`m|_| Mb hr ahm h¡Ÿ!

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d¡go _yb_| Vmo `h ^JdmZ²Ho$ goì` ñdê$nH$mo na_{Z{Y _mZZodmbm|Ho$ ~rM^JdËgodmHo$ CÎmam{YH$maHo$ ~mao_| {ddmX Wm. ^dZ gånXm nX `m nXdr Ho$~mao_| CÎmam{YH$maH$m {ddmX ZhtŸ! naÝVw {dJV _Ü`nmVr H$mb_| BgZo Xygam hrê$n bo {b`m h¡. A~ `h goì`ñdê$nHo$ AmYmana J¥h/nrR>H$m ñdê$n {ZYm©[aVhmoVm h¡ `m godmH$Vm©Ho$ n[admaHo$ J¥h/nrR>Ho$ AmYmana goì`ñdê$nm|_| Á oð>Ëd`m dar`ñËd H«$_ _mÝ` H$aZm, `m| nXdr gå~ÝYr {ddmXH$m ê$n bo MwH$m h¡.Bg {df`_| "nw{ï>_mJu` nrR>mYre ñdê$n Am¡a H$V©ì`' erf©H$Ho$ gmW nhbo ^rEH$ bYwJ«ÝWH$m àW_ àH$aU _¢Zo {bIm VWm àH$m{eV ^r H$adm`m h¡. Bg~mao_| _oao {dMmam|H$mo dhm§go OmZm Om gH$Vm h¡.

Omo Bg_| gmåàXm{`H$ {MÝVmH$m {df` h¡ dh Vmo Xygam hr h¡. Š`m|{H$ _mZH$a Mb| {H$ AmYw{ZH$ Ý`m`mb` Bg {dH$ën_| goì`ñdê$nHo$ {H$gr VWmH${WVdar`VmHo$ hr AmYmana J¥h/nrR>H$s dar`Vm {ZYm©[aV H$a X|, Vmo CgH$s grYrAga h_maoÛmam CnñWm{nV {dMmaUr` _wÔm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V Xygao-Vrgao _wÔm|nan‹S>oJrŸ-

2Ÿgoì`ñdê$n r godmH$Vm© Am¡a CgHo$ n[adma Ûmam H$s OmVr JdËgodmHo$hoVw ñdmW©-à{Vð>m{nV hmoVm h¡, namW© Zht. AWm©V² nw{ï>_mJm©ZwJm_rOZgmYmaUH$s Ym{_©H$ gmYZmHo$ hoVw à{Vð>m{nV Zht. AVEd Eogo {ZOJ¥h_|{~amO_mZ {ZOr AmamÜ` ñdê$nHo$ OZmW© A{YH$ma r 3ŸgodmH$Vm©, Am¡aCgH$s AZw_{VHo$ AmYmana, CgHo$ nm[adm[aH$ OZm|H$m hr hmoVmh¡, nw{ï>_mJ©_| Xr{jV ha {H$gr d¡îUd `m OZgmYmaU H$m Zht.

AnZo {gÕmÝVHo$ o _wÔo A~ gd©Zmer H$mZyZHo$ gmW Q>H$am |Jo hr. `h{deof_| Bg{b o ^r {H$ A~ `h {ddmX XoeHo$ CÀMV_ Ý`m`mb`_| {ZU© mW©àñVwV hmoZoOmahmh¡. AV… CgH$m {ZU© gmao Xoe_| H$mZyZH$s h¡{g`V aIVmhmoZogo {OZ nw{ï>_mJu` Kam|_| Eogm {ddmX Z hmo CZna ^r EH$ gmd© m¡{_H$H$mZyZH$s Vah bXZo bJoJmŸ! Š`m|{H$ {ZMbr AXmbVm|_| `h _wH$X_m ñd §nrR>mYre hmoZoHo$ XmdoXmam|Zo Xmà Zht {H$`m. AnZo AZwJm{_Am| Ûmam XmàH$adm`m J`m. AV… OmZo-AZOmZo AnZo goì`ñdê$nH$s namW©-à{Vð>mH$m

AmË_KmVr {gÕmÝV _mZ boZoHo$ Xwîn[aUm_m|go o J«ñV hm|Jo hr. d¡go Vmo _wH$X_o_|gå^m{dV O`/namO`go ñd §H$mo Aà^m{dV aIZoH$s A{dMm[aV bmbgmHo$de Eogm {H$`m J`m. {\$a^r O` `m namO` {H$gr ^r pñW{V_| `h AnZogoì`ñdê$nH$s ñdmW©à{Vð>mH$s h¡{g`VH$mo à^m{dV Vmo H$aoJm hr. `m| g¡ÕmpÝVH${dH¥${VH$mo H$mZyZr Om_m nhZm o OmZoH$s XwK©Q>Zm `h {gÕ hmoJr.

3-4/H$-I-J-KŸVrgar-Mm¡Wr g{XAm|H$s Zm¡_tgo gmobhdt nr{‹T>`m|_| hþE Q>H$amdm|Ho$B{Vd¥Îmm|H$s Vmo BVZr â_ma h¡ {H$ Z Vmo g^rH$s {ddoMZm Am¡a Z n[aJUZm ^rBg bKwH$m` AmboI_| g_oQ>r Om gH$Vr h¡. {\$a^r Hw$N> Adí` CXmhaUr`B{Vd¥Îmm|H$s MMm© {dMm ©{df`H$s Jå^raVmH$mo br^m§{V g_PZo_| AVrd CnH$maH$hmoZogo H$aZr hr n‹S>oJr.

_wJb ~mXemh Amoa§JµOo~H$s ~~©a Zr{VAm|go ~MZoHo$ {b o _odm‹S>_| Aml`boZoHo$ ~mdOyX dmëb^ gåàXm`Ho$ àYmZnrR>mYre àm`… g^r Jmoñdm{_{VbH$m{`V_hmamO gd©Xm, AnZo ZrOr R>mHw$aOr lrZdZrV{àÒr VWm lrdëb^d§eOJmoñdm{_n[admaHo$ A{d^ŠV ñdËddmbo lrJmodY©ZmWOr H$mo, nwZ… AnZoñdm{_Ëddmbo JmoHw$b-O{Vnwam Jm_m|_| nYam H$a bm¡Q> OmZo(Ÿ1Ÿ)H$m _ZmoaWg§OmoVo hr ahoŸ! _odm‹S>Ho$ amUmAm|Ho$, naÝVwŸ, H$^r ^pŠV^mdHo$ de Vmo H$^ramOmkmHo$ ~ÝYZ_| ~§Yo hmoZoHo$ H$maU dh ñdßZ H$^r nyU© Z hmo nm`mŸ!! A§J«oµOm|Ho$gmW _odm‹S> amÁ`Ho$ _¡ÌrHo$ g_Pm¡VoHo$ _gm¡XoHo$ H$B© AZw~ÝYm|_| EH$ AZw~ÝY `h^r Wm {H$ _odm‹S> amÁ`Ho$ VËH$mbrZ H$mZyZH$s Vah A§J«oµOm| Ûmam àem{gVàXoem|_| Jmoñdm{_{VbH$m{`V _hmamOlrH$m Jm¡ad O¡gm {H$ CX`nwa amÁ`_|{Z^m`m OmVm h¡ d¡gm {Z^m`m Om oJm(Ÿ2Ÿ). Bgr Vah _odm‹S> amÁ`Zo ^r A§J«oµOm|Ho${hVHo$ {dnarV OmZodmbm|H$mo AnZo amÁ`_| àl` Z XoZoH$m AZw~ÝY ñdrH$mam Wm.{\$a^r gZ² 11 \$adar 1859Ÿ_| ñdmV³Í` goZmZr lrVmË`m Q>monoHo$ mJ H$a _odm‹S>àXoe_| Am OmZona, em`X o bmoJ {dO`r hmo Om | Vmo amUmHo$ ~ÝYZgo h_| ^r_wpŠV {Xbdm X|Jo, Eogr _hÎdm§H$mjmHo$ de VËH$mbrZ Jmoñdm{_{VbH$m{`V_hmamOlrZo ñdVÝÌVmHo$ goZm{ZAm|H$s nyao VrZ {XZm| VH$ ZmWÛmam_| Amd^JVH$s Wr. V~go _odm‹S> amÁ` Am¡a Jmo.{V._.Ho$ gå~ÝY H$Qw> ~ZVo Mbo J o. gmoBg hX VH$ {H$ ñdmV³Í` g§J«m_H$mo emÝV hmo OmZoHo$ ~mX A§J«oµOr amOHo$ pñWa

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hmo OmZona Jmo.{V._.lrZo JdZ©aOZabHo$ EO|Q> [aMS>© H|$S²>{deHo$ nmg AnZoà{V{Z{Y oOZo ewé {H$ o {H$ CÝh| ñdVÝÌVm àXmZ H$s Om o (Ÿdra{dZmo.n¥.1793-95Ÿ). ~mX_| Vmo gå~ÝYm|Ho$ nyar Vah {~J‹S> OmZona 1875Ÿ_| 21Ÿ_B©Ho$ {XZamOÐmohHo$ Amamon_| Jmo.{V._.lrH$mo µH¡$X H$aHo$ Xoe{ZH$mbm {X`m J`m ""BZ{XZm|_| ZmWÛmamH$m Jmoñdm_r {JaYabmb AnZo µH$Xr_r T>§JH$mo N>mo‹S> H$a aB©gmZh_µJê$arHo$ g~~ [a`mgVr hþHy$_Vgo ~m{ha {ZH$bZoH$s Moï>m H$aZo bJm... BgdŠV ~hþVgo ~Io‹S>o CR>o. lrJmodY©ZmWOrH$s Omo oQ> H$moQ>m JwOamV dJoahgo AmVrWr Cg_| ^r... Ibb S>mbZm Mmhm.'' (Ÿdra{dZmo.n¥.2153-57Ÿ).

CëboIZr` h¡ {H$ dmëb^ gåàXm` Z Vmo _odm‹S>_| amOmkmgo àd{V©V Y_©Wm, Z amÁ`m{lV Y_© Wm Am¡a Z dh amÁ`H$s gr_mAm|_| {Kam hr H$moB©Y_©gåàXm`(Ÿ3Ÿ) Wm. hm§ _wJb ~mXemh Amoa§JµOo~H$s ~~©aVmgo ~MZoH$mo CgH$sàYmZnrR> _odm‹S>_| ñWbmÝVaU Adí` H$a MwH$s Wr. AV… _odm‹S>amÁ`_| AmVrMbmMb gån{Îmna Jmo.{V.Ho$ ñdm{_ËdH$mo _mÝ` aIZm `m CZgo N>rZ boZm, `hVmo amÁ`H$s gmd© m¡{_H$ BÀN>m `m {Z`_ H$m {df` {ZpíMV Wm hr. naÝVwgåàXm`{deofHo$ àYmZnrR>mYre hmoZoHo$ A{YH$mam|H$mo {ZañV H$aZm _odm‹S>amÁ`Ho$Za oem |H o A{YH$mago ~môç {df` Wm. AVEd lr{J[aYabmbOrH$m oJmoñdm{_{VbH$m{`VHo$ nXgo À wV H$a Ed§ ZmWÛmamgo {ZîH$m{gV H$a dh nXCZHo$ nwÌ lrJmodY©ZbmbOrH$mo gm|n XoZm amÁ`{hV_| hmoZona ^r EH$ AÝ`m` hrWm. `hr H$maU Wm {H$ _odm‹S>amÁ`go lr{J[aYmarOr _hmamOHo$ {ZîH$mgZHo$~mdOyX XoeHo$ AÝ`mÝ` y mJm|_| ahr CZH$s gån{Îmna Jmo.{V.lr{J[aYabmbOrHo$ñdm{_ËdH$mo XoeH$s AÝ`mÝ` [a`mgVm|Zo, Zm_e…, h¡Xam~mX H$moQ>m Am{XZo A_mÝ`Zht {H$`m. ñd § A§J«oµOm|Ûmam àem{gV àXoem|Ho$ Ý`m`mb`m|Zo ^r A_mÝ` Zht{H$`m. Bg ~maoHo$ H$B© XñVmdoO ^r CÀMV_ Ý`m`mb`_| Jmo.{V._.lrZo àñVwV{H$ o Wo na {OahHo$ g_` CZna Ý`m`mYreH$m Ü`mZ Zht ItMm J`m.

AdYo h¡ {H$ Jmoñdm{_{VbH$m{`V hmoZoH$m nX lrZmWOrH$s _y{V©Ho$ àYmZnwOmarhmoZona {Z ©a Z Wm. Š`m|{H$ Eogm hmoVm Vmo Amaå^_| O~ AgmåàXm{`H$ ~§JmbrnwOm[aAm|H$mo godm{YH$mar ~Zm`m J`m V~, ñd § _hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©, à wMaUJmoñdm_r lrJmonrZmWOr VWm lr{dÆ>bZmWOr ^r {dÚ_mZ Wo hr, AV… V~ ^r

dmëb^ gåàXm`_| ~§Jmbr nwOm[aAm|H$mo àYmZ Y_m©Mm © _mZZm n‹S>oJmŸ! dñVwV…Vmo lr{dÆ>bZmW à wMaUHo$ g_` hþdo {ZOmË_Om|Ho$ gmW J¥h{d^mOZ_| à_wIKa {nVmH$m Am¡a eof gmV Ka nwÌm|Ho$, `m| EH$ àYmZnrR>mYre Am¡a gmVCnnrR>mYre, Eogm d[að>VmH«$_ {ZYm©[aV hþdm Wm. Jmo.{V._.lrH$mo, AVEdg§ wŠV n[admaH$s A{d^ŠV {Z{Yñdê$n lrZmWOrH$s godmH$m {deofm{YH$magm|nm J`m. `h ^r df©Ho$ Ho$db 60 {XZm|H$m hr Wm. BgHo$ {dnarV `Ú{n VrZ{XZgo A{YH$ {H$gr ^r EH$ dëb^d§eO ì`pŠVH$m godm{YH$ma Z hmoZona ^reof dëb^Hw$bHo$ Jmoñdm{_Am|Ho$ ~Q>_| 300 {XZ _wŠV aIo J o Wo. Jmo.{V._.lrHo$à_wI goì`ñdê$n Vmo lrZdZrV{à`Or hr Wo. AVEd AmOH$s VmarI VH$ BÝh|lrZmWOrHo$ ñdê$ngo n¥WJ²-^dZ n¥WJ² ZoJ ^moJ amJ VWm H$_©Mmar d¥ÝXH$sn¥WJ²-ì`dñWmHo$ AÝVJ©V nYam o aIm J`m h¡. Z Ho$db BVZm àË wV BZHo$amO^moJ YaZoHo$ g_` lrZmWOrH$mo ^r ^moJ YaZoH$s ^mdZm aI H$a Xmo WmbnYam` o OmV o h ¢. `h n ¥WJ ² ì`dñWm hr Bg VÏ`H$m à_mU Wr(ŸÐ.120ŸdMZm.6,46,51,68Ÿ). `h Iwbmgm ^r {_bVm h¡ {H$ ""gmo gmVñdê$n Am¡a lrZmWOr Vmo EH$ hr h¢, `m_| gÝXoh Zm§hr h¡. n[a lrZmWOrH$mo Ka h¡gmo lr_hmà wOr-lrJwgm§B©OrZo XodÛma am»`mo h¡; Am¡a, Am¡a ñdê$n Vmo AnZo-AnZo Ka_| {~amOo h¢'' (Ÿdht.dMZm.81Ÿ). nhbo `h Xodmb` gmd©O{ZH$ WmnaÝVw à wMaUHo$ gVKam_| lrZmWOrHo$ {~amOZoHo$ ~mX AWm©V² nwZ…à{Vð>mHo$~mX O{V {\$a^r _odm‹S> amÁ`Zo AÝ`m`nyU© VarHo$go Jmo.{V.Ho$ AmË_OHo$ V~Aënd`ñH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU dmëb^ gåàÐm`H$s àYmZnrR>H$mo _odm‹S> amÁ`Ho$AmYrZ d¡îUdm|H$m _pÝXa Kmo{fV {H$`m. nwZ… `hm§ CëboIZr` hmo OmVm h¡ {H$Jmo.{V.lrJmodY©Zbmb _hmamOlrZo AnZr Am wHo$ CÎmamY©_| CX`nwaZaoeH$mo ào{fVEH$ KmofUmnÌ_| _odm‹S> amÁ`Ûmam {Z wŠV à~ÝYg{_{VHo$ AZwgma g§ñWmZHo$à~ÝYH$mo gåàXm`m{^_V {gÕmÝV Am¡a naånamgo A{dnarV hmoZona hr _mÝ`aIZoHo$ geV© AmídmgZHo$ gmW-gmW AnZo g§ñWmZgo Ow‹S>r `ÀM-`mdV²MbmMb gån{Îmna AnZo nyU© ñdm{_ËdH$s KmofUm ^r H$s Wr. dh ^r Bgñnï>rH$aUHo$ gmW {H$ XodmoÎma gån{Îm CZHo$ ì`pŠVJV Cn^moJ_| br OmZoH$s ZVmo naånam h¡ Am¡a Z Eogm H$m © do H$^r H$a|Jo hr (ŸÐ.A_¥.dM.8Ÿ). BgKmofUmnÌ_| {H$ o J o XmdoH$mo Z Vmo VËH$mbrZ _odm‹S>amÁ`Ho$ ZaoeZo A_mÝ`{H$`m Wm Am¡a Z H$moB© AZ{YH$maMoï>m H$aZoH$m AnamYr Jmo.{V._hmamOlrH$mo_mZm Wm. Bgr Ad{YHo$ ~rM BZHo$ nwÌ Jmo.lrXm_moXabmbOrH$m Adm§N>Zr`

13 14

àH$aU {N>‹S> OmZogo ñd § {nVmZo AnZo nwÌH$mo Jmo.{V.Ho$ nXHo$ A`mo½` Kmo{fV H$aAnZo nm¡Ì Jmo.lrJmo{dÝXbmbOrH$mo CÎmam{YH$mar Kmo{fV {H$`m BgH$s gånw{ï>_odm‹S>amÁ`Ho$ ZaoeÛmam H$s J`r(Ÿ5Ÿ). ~mX_| XoeHo$ ñdVÝÌ hmoZona ñd`§Jmo.{V.lrJmo{dÝXbmb _hmamOlr lrZmWÛmamH$m à~ÝYm{YH$ma ñd § AnZr AmoagogaH$maH$mo gm|nZo CÚV(Ÿ6Ÿ) hmo J o. V~ amOñWmZHo$ CÀM Ý`m`mb`_| g^rJmoñdm{_Am|Ho$ à{V{Z{YAm|Zo {_b H$a ñd`§ Jmo.{V._hmamOlr VWm gaH$maXmoZm|na AnZo A{YH$ma Am¡a {hV Ho$ {déÕ H$m © H$aZoH$m _wH$X_m Mbm H$aOrV {b`m Wm. Bggo éï> hmo H$a ^maVgaH$maZo amï´>n{VHo$ AÜ`mXoeÛmamlrZmWÛmampñWV _pÝXaH$mo gaH$maHo$ Vm~o_| A{YJ¥hrV H$a {b`m. ~mX_| d¡go VmoJmo.{V._hmamOlrZo ^r AÝ`mÝ` hoVwAm|Ho$ H$maU gaH$mana Xmdm {H$`m {H$gaH$ma Bg H$madmB©go CZHo$ _m¡{bH$ A{YH$mam|H$m hZZ hmoVm h¡. gmo amOñWmZHo$CÀMÝ`m`mb`_| Vmo do A§eV… OrVo ^r. bo{H$Z XoeHo$ CÀMV_ Ý`m`mb`_|{H$ÝVw CÝh| AÝV_| nam{OV hmoZm hr n‹S>m. Š`m|{H$ CÀMV_ Ý`m`mb`H$m gmoM`h Wm {H$ gaH$ma `{X A{YJ¥hrV Z H$a gH$Vr hmo Vmo Jmo.{V._.lr ñd §(ŸÐï>.6Ÿ) Cgo gm|nZo Š`m| J oŸ?

`h h¡ dmëb^ gåàXm`H$s àYmZnrR>H$s AmYw{ZH$ Ý`m`àUmbrHo$ gmWQ>H$amd Am¡a namO` H$s H$Wm. `h H$Wm Bg gåàXm`Ho$ àYmZ Y_m©Mm ©H$moZmWÛmamHo$ _pÝXa_| H$mZyZZ OZà{V{Z{Y àYmZnwOmar VWm AmZwd§{eH$ ì`dñWmnH$Ý`mgr(Ÿ7Ÿ) ~Zm XoZoH$sŸ!

Bg Q>H$amd_| à_wI CëboIZr` nhbw h h¡ {H$ Jmo.{V._hmamOlrHo$ dH$sbm|ZoCZHo$ gån{ÎmHo$ Cn^moJ Am¡a ì`dñWm Ho$ _m¡{bH$ A{YH$maHo$ hZZH$m _wH$X_m{H$`m Wm, Ym{_©H$ ñdmV³Í` VWm nXm{YH$mam|Ho$ Ym{_©H$ {hVHo$ _m¡{bH$ A{YH$mam|Ho$hZZH$m Zht. Bgr Vah gåàXm`Ho$ {gÕmÝV r ñd § gåàXm`àdV©H$ AmMm ©MaU-à wMaU Am{XHo$ J«ÝWmon{Xï> {gÕmÝVdMZm|Ho$ CÕaU Ý`m`mb`Ho$ g_j {dMmamW©àñVwV Zht {H$ o J o. gd©nëbr lramYmH¥$îUZH$m "^maVr` Xe©ZH$m B{Vhmg'Am¡a lrAma².Or.^mÊS>maH$aH$m "e¡{dµO_² E§S²> d¡îU{dµO_²...' Am{X AgåàXm`rboIH$moHo$ dMZm|H$mo àñVwV {H$`m J`m Wm. BZ J«ÝWH$mam|_|go àW_Zo Vmo AnZoboIZ_| H$ht ^r ^JdËgodmHo$ {ZOr `m gmd©O{ZH$ hmoZoH$s MMm© hr Zht H$s h¡.

XygaoZo O~{H$ {ZOr J¥h VWm godmar{V H$m CëboI_mÌ {H$`m h¡. Eogm {H$ÝVw ZVmo EVËgå~ÝYr _ybJ«ÝWm|_| CnbãY hmoVo {gÕmÝVm|Ho$ AdJmhZÛmam {H$`m J`mAm¡a Z CZH$m Zm_moëboI r. godmñWb goì`ñdê$n godm{YH$ma VWm godmà`moOZH$mo AH$mQ²ç ê$n_| {ZOr {gÕ H$aZodmbo Omo VÏ`Xeu XñVmdoOm|Ho$ A§~maÝ`m`mb`_| àñVwV {H$ o J o, CZna ^r {OahHo$ g_` Ý`m`mYrem|H$m Ü`mZAmH¥$ï> Zht {H$`m J`mŸ! AVEd CÀMV_ Ý`m`mYrem|Ho$ o CX²Jma {H$Ÿ-

""Bg gåàXm`Ho$ Hw$N> _pÝXa yVH$mb_| {ZOr aho hm|Jo, Hw$N>dV©_mZ H$mb_| r {ZOr hmo gH$Vo h¢. H$moB© _pÝXa {ZOr h¡ m ZhtBg ~mVH$m {ZU© Cg _pÝXago Ow‹S>o VÏ`m|na Adbpå~V hmoZmMm{h o. Eogm H$moB© gm_mÝ` {Z`_ Zht h¡ {H$ dmëb^ gåàXm`_|gmd©O{ZH$ _pÝXa {Z{fÕ hmo Am¡a AVEd ZmWÛmamH$mo gmd©O{ZH$Z _mZm Om o.''(ŸAZw.22Ÿ&Eg².gr.Ama².439/1968. Jmo.{V. lrJmo{dÝXbmb{dé. amOñWmZ gaH$maŸ).

""`{X `h _pÝXa {ZOr hmoVm Am¡a _pÝXaH$s gån{Îm{VbH$m`VH$s hmoVr Vmo ~mV Xygar Wr naÝVw EH$ ~ma `h ñdrH$maboZona `h _pÝXa gmd©O{ZH$ h¡ `h VH©$ Xw~m}Y hmo OmVm h¡ {H$gån{ÎmH$s ì`dñWm {VbH$m`VÛmam hmoZr gåàXm`Ho$ {gÕmÝVHo$AZwgma EH$ Ym{_©H$ {df` h¡. dñVwV… Eogm H$moB© {gÕmÝV h_maogm_Zo àñVwV {H$`m hr Zht J`m.''

(Ÿdht AZw.69Ÿ)

h_ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ Z Ho$db g¡ÕmpÝVH$ dmñV{dH$Vm gd©Wm hr {dnarVh¡ àË`wV amUmAm|Ho$ Ûmam Omar {H$`o J`o {d{^ÝZ ànÌm|_| Z Ho$db CŠVg§ñWmZH$s MbmMb gån{Îmna A{nVw ZmWÛmam Jm§d Am¡a dhm§ {~amO_mZlrZmWOrH$s _y{V©na ^r Jmo.{V._.lrH$m ñdm{_Ëd yVH$mb_| ñdrH$mam J`mWm(Ÿ8Ÿ). {\$a^r Ý`m`mYrem|Zo `h Am¡a H$h {X`m _pÝXaH$m ~mhar ê$n _hmà wlrdëb^mMm © Am¡a à wMaU lr{dÆ>bZmWOr Zo Amoa§JµOo~H$s _pÝXam|H$mo Vmo‹S>XoZoHo$ Zr{VHo$ H$maU OmZ~yP H$a Ka O¡gm aIm hmoJm, VyQ>Zogo ~MmZoHo$ Cnm`Ho$

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ê$n_| (Ÿ9Ÿ). O~{H$ Amoa§JµOo~Ho$ nyd©O emhOhm§ Ohm§Jra AH$~a hþ_m w Am¡a~m~ago ^r nhbo {gH$ÝXa bmoXrHo$ H$mb_| _hmà^wZo Vmo AnZo g¡ÕmpÝVH$_w»`H$ënHo$ AZwgma {ZOJ¥h_| godmHo$ eŠ` Z hmoZona AZwH$ënV`m gmd©O{ZH$_pÝXa_| ^r H¥$îUgodm hr H$aZoHo$ AmJ«hHo$ AZwê$n gmd©O{ZH$ Xodmb` ~Zdm`mWm. {Ogo ~mX_| AH$~aHo$ nyU© gX² md Am¡a AmXa^md aIZoHo$ H$mb_| _hmà wHo$AmË_O à wMaUZo {ZOr hmoZoHo$ _w»`H$ënH$m ê$n {X`m Wm. `h _pÝXaHo$ Mmam|AmoaH$s y{_Ho$ {ZOr ñdm{_ËdHo$ hoVw n[aH«$`Ûmam {H$`m J`m. _hmà wHo$ g_`H$s^JdËñdê$nH$s à{Vð>m Aj`V¥Vr`mHo$ {XZ gmd©O{ZH$ Xodmb`_| H$s J`r Wr.CgHo$ ñWmZna AnZo {ZOr {Zdmg gVKam_| \$mJwZ dX gßV_r(Ÿ10Ÿ)H$mo OmonwZ…à{Vð>m hþ r CgHo$ CËgdHo$ àdV©ZÛmam r. d¡go AmO VH$ h naånam AnZrAmË_mH$mo Imo H$a ^r {dÚ_mZ h¡.

`m| gåàXm`H$s àYmZnrR>Ho$ ~mao_| gmåàXm{`H$ {gÕmÝV naånam Am¡aXñVmdoOm| Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ Ý`m`àUmbr Ûmam n[ad{V©V {dnarV ñdê$nHo$ {MÌH$moXoIZo boZoHo$ ~mX CZgo Q>H$amZodmbr Ý`m`àUmbrHo$ ^r Hw$N> nhbwAm|na Ñ{ï>nmVH$a boZm C{MV hmoJm :

àñVwV AmboInÌH$maHo$ {nVm_hZo AnZr ApÝV_ AdñWm_| AnZr AmYrgån{ÎmH$m AnZo gmV nwÌm|Ho$ ~rM g_{d^mOZ H$a Ad{eï> AmYr gån{ÎmA{d^ŠV n[admaHo$ Ý`mgHo$ ê$n_| aIr Wr. AnZo goì` ^JdËñdê$nm|H$mo BgrA{d^ŠV nm[adm[aH$ Ý`mgHo$ AÝVJ©V hr nwÌm|H$mo gm|no Wo. CZHo$ XohmdgmZHo$~mX Á oð>nwÌ Am¡a CZHo$ AÝ` N>h ^mB©Am|Ho$ ~rM Á oð>nwÌHo$ EH$m{YH$maHo$ ~mao_|{ddmX ~‹T> H$a Ý`m`mb` VH$ nhþ§M J`m. n[admaH$s à_wI goì`_y{V©H$s godmH$mA{YH$ma Á oð>nwÌH$m Z _mZZona MoarQ>r-H${_íZaHo$ nmg Aì`dñWmH$s \$[a`mXbo H$a ~‹S>o ^mB©Ho$ OmZona n[admaHo$ eof N>moQ>o ^mB©Am|Zo AnZo ~‹S>o ^mB©H$mo XoZoHo$~Om` ^JdÝ_y{V©Am|H$mo VWm ^JdÝ_pÝXaH$s MbmMb gån{ÎmH$mo gmd©O{ZH$Ý`mg _mZ boZoH$m _Z ~Zm {b`m. BgHo$ g_W©ZmW© `h wpŠV I‹S>r H$s J`r {H$d¡îUd OZVmH$mo O~ ~«ô_gå~ÝYXrjm Xr OmVr h¡ V~ dh ^JdÝ_y{V©Ho$ gm_Zohr Xr OmVr h¡ Am¡a dh Cg _y{V©H$s godmH$m d¡îUd OZVmH$mo {X`m OmVm Ym{_©H$A{YH$ma h¡. Bg wpŠVHo$ Abmdm _pÝXaHo$ g§ñWmnH$ Jmo.lrJmodY©ZoeOr _hmamOZo

AnZr ApÝV_ AdñWm_| CÎmam{YH$mar gÝVVrHo$ Z ah OmZoHo$ H$maU, `mo½`CÎmam{YH$mar Z {_bZo VH$, AnZo {dídñV d¡îUdm|H$mo gwMmé à~ÝYHo$ hoVwÝ`mgg{_{V ~Zm`r Wr. dh d¡îUdm|H$s Ý`mgg{_{V _hmamOlrH$s {dYdmnËZrHo$ Ûmam Jmo.lrOrdZbmbOrH$mo Y_©nwÌV`m JmoX boZona d¡go Vmo ñdVmo{dg{O©Vhmo J`r Wr. {H$ÝVw Jmo.lrOrdZbmbOrH$s ^r ApÝV_ AdñWm_| CÎmam{YH$margÝVVrHo$ A^mdHo$ H$maU nwZ… d¡gr à~ÝYH$-Ý`mgg{_{V ~ZmZr n‹S>r Wr. `hÝ`mgg{_{V ^r _hmamOlrH$s {dYdm nËZrHo$ Ûmam CŠV Jmo.lrJmoHw$bZmWOrH$moY_©nwÌV`m boZona ñdVmo{dg{O©V hmo J`r Wr. {\$a^r Ý`m`mb`Zo BZ nyd©H$mb_|J{R>V à~ÝYH$-Ý`mgg{_{VAm|H$mo gmd©O{ZH$ Ý`mgHo$ à_mUV`m ñdrH$ma {b`m.Am¡a Jmo.lrJmoHw$bZmWOrHo$ CŠV gån{ÎmHo$ AYmªe A{d^ŠV g§ wŠV nm[adm[aH$Ý`mgH$mo gmd©O{ZH$ Ý`mg _mZ {b`m. AdYo hmoVm h¡ {H$ hdobrHo$ g§ñWmnH$Jmo.lrJmodY©ZoeOrHo$ Ý`mgàboIH$m `{X H$moB© XñVmdoOr _hÎd dñVwV… hmo VmogånyU© gån{ÎmH$mo gmd©O{ZH$ _mZZm VH©$g§JV hmoVm, Š`m|{H$ AYmªeH$m AnZogmV nwÌm|Ho$ ~rM g_{d^mOZ Am¡a AYmªeH$m A{d^ŠV nm[adm[aH$ Ý`mgH$màboI ñd`§_| AZ{YH$maMoï>m _mZr OmZr Mm{h`o Wr. na `h _wÔm dmXr-à{VdmXr XmoZm|_| go {H$grZo N>o‹S>m Zht gmo Ý`m`mb`Ho$ ^r Ü`mZgo ~mha MbmJ`mŸ! `h gZ² gmR>Ho$ XeH$H$s H$Wm h¡. naÝVw Vrgd| XeH$_| EH$ _wH$X_mA§J«oµOm|Ho$ AmYrZ ^maV_|, YaUJm§d_| Omo Jmo.lrOrdZbmbOrH$s EH$ ñd §H$shdobr Wr dh CZHo$ AdgmZHo$ ~mX à~ÝYH$-Ý`mgg{_{VH$s XoIaoI_| Wr,BgHo$ ~mao_| Mbm Wm. Cg à~ÝYH$-Ý`mgg{_{VH$mo Y_©nwÌ Jmo.lrJmoHw$bZmWOrH$mCÎmam{YH$ma _mÝ` Zht Wm. naÝVw V~ Ý`m`mYreH$m {ZU© Hw$N> Eogm Wm -

nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ {gÕmÝV {ZVmÝV ~oVwHo$ h¢ {H$ AnZo AZwJm{_Am|H$mA{YH$ma AnZo _pÝXam|_| Bg gåàXm`_| ñdrH$mam Zht OmVm h¡.Amem H$aZr Mm{h o {H$ d¡îUdOZVmHo$ n‹T>-{bI OmZona EogogåàXm`H$m Ë`mJ H$a dh AÝ` `mo½` gåàXm`H$s AZwJm_r ~ZOm |JrŸ! naÝVw Bg gåàXm`Ho$ {gÕmÝVm|H$mo XoIVo hþdo gmd©O{ZH$_pÝXa Bg gåàXm`_| _mZm Zht Om gH$Vm.(Ÿ11Ÿ).

`h B©gmB© MM©Ho$ ñdê$nH$s nyd©YmaUmgo J«ñV gmoMdmbr {dXoer Ý`m`àUmbrH$m{ZU© Wm. Bgo naÝVw _w§~BHo$ CÀM Ý`m`mYreHo$ gm_Zo `m Vmo {d_e©Ho$ hoVw

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àñVwV Zht {H$`m J`m hmoJm `m CÝhm|Zo Bgna Ü`mZ Zht {X`m hmoJm. AV… V~_w§~B CÀM Ý`m`mb`Ho$ Ý`m`mYre gå_mÝ` JOoÝÐ J‹S>H$aZo _w§~BpñWV Jmoñdm{_Am|Ho$^JdËgodmon`moJr Amdmgg§Hw$bH$mo gmd©O{ZH$ _pÝXa Kmo{fV H$a {X`m.

ñd § _oao OÝ_go nhbo h_mao AmdmgñWbH$mo "_moQ>r hdobr' H$hm OmVm Wmdh Z OmZo H$~-H¡$go "~‹S>m _pÝXa' _oao ~më`H$mb_| ~Z J`m. ~mX_| _hmË_mJm§YrHo$ "h[aOZ-_pÝXa-àdoe'Ho$ AmÝXmobZHo$ g_` ^JdX²-Xe©Z ~§X H$aZoHo$hoVw nwZ… Cgo {ZOr Amdmg_| n[ad{V©V H$aZoH$mo _oao {nVm_h Jmo.lrJmoHw$bZmWOrHo$OÝ_Zm_Ho$ gmW Cgo "Jmo{dÝX^dZ' ~Zm`m J`m. Bg nm[adm[aH$ {ZU© boZoH$moEH${ÌV n[admaHo$ g^r gXñ`m|Ho$ AÝVJ©V _¢ ^r A~moY _yH$ Ðï>m ~Zm V~CnpñWV Wm Omo AmO VH$ _oao ñ_¥{VnQ>b A§{H$V h¡. ~mX_| h[aOZ _pÝXaàdoeHo$AmÝXmobZHo$ _ÝX n‹S> OmZona ~ÝX hþdm ^JdËgodmH$m àXe©Z _oao MMoao ^mB©Ho$OÝ_H$s Iwer_| Xmo~mam Q>oam Imob H$a ewé {H$`m J`m. Am¡a AÝV_| dhJmo{dÝX^dZ AmO Vmo "~‹S>m _pÝXa-gmd©O{ZH$ Ý`mg' ~Z J`m. A~ h_maon[admaH$mo AnZo goì` ^JdËñdê$nH$s godmHo$ hoVw Ý`mgr ~Z ~¡R>o d¡îUdY{ZH$m|H$mo AmdoXZ H$aZona godmH$s AZwkm {_bVr h¡Ÿ! O~{H$ Ý`m`mb`m|_| H$hmOmVm ahm h¡ {H$ Jmoñdm_r _hmamOm|H$s AZwkm Am¡a _mÜ`_ Ho$ {~Zm d¡îUdAZw m{`Am|H$mo ^JdËgodm H$aZoH$s _mJ©ar{V Zht h¡Ÿ! {H$_² AmíM ©_² AV…na_²Ÿ!

AñVw. Bg VahH$m Ý`m`{ZU© àXmZ H$a O~ gå_mÝ` JOoÝÐ J‹S>H$a XoeHo$CÀMV_ Ý`m`mb`_| Ý`m`mYre ~Z H$a nhþ§Mo V^r Jmo.{V._.lrH$m _wH$X_mamOñWmZHo$ CÀM Ý`m`mb`_| Mb ahm Wm. dhm§ Bg _w§~BHo$ CÀM Ý`m`mb`Ho${ZU© H$m AZwgaU H$aVo hþdo Jmo.{V._.lrH$mo Ý`m`{ZU© _| Am§{eH$ {dO` àXmZH$s J`r. naÝVw O~ Jmo.{V._.lr XoeHo$ CÀMV_ Ý`m`mb`_| Bg Am§{eH$O`Ho$ {damoY_| AmdoXH$ ~Z H$a J o V~ dhm§ à_wI Ý`m`mYre ñd § lrJOoÝÐJ‹S>H$a hr Wo. Am¡a CZHo$ Ý`m`{ZU© m|na Adb§{~V hmo H$a {X o J o {ZU© na O~CÝh| XoeHo$ CÀMV_ Ý`m`mb`Ho$ Ý`m`mYreH$s h¡{g`V_| {ZU© XoZm Wm V~Xygao {H$gr VahHo$ {ZU© H$s gå^mdZm ñdV… jrU ~Z OmZr ñdm^m{dH$ ~mVWr. AV… àYmZnrR>mYreH$mo dhm§ nam{OV hmoZm n‹S>mŸ! Bg AmídmgZHo$ gmW {H$

gaH$maÛmam A{YJ¥hrV {H$ o OmZoHo$ H$maU Omo Am{W©H$ hm{Z Jmo.{V._.lrH$mohmoVr hmo Cgo ZmWÛmamHo$ àgmX{dH«$`Ho$ ~rg-à{VeV ^wJVmZ Ûmam ^anmB©{H$`m Om oJm. {gÕmÝVV… ZmWÛmamH$s Am`-gån{Îm `{X Xodñdm{_H$ hmo VmoCgH$m Cn^moJ Jmo.{V._.lrH$mo dmëb^ gåàXm`Ho$ AZwJm_r _mZZo_| ^r ~mYH$hmoZm Mm{h o Wm, àYmZnrR>mYre hmoZoH$s Vmo H$ënZm ^r AeŠ` h¡. XodÐì`Ho$Cn^moJHo$ A{Ve` d{O©V hmoZoHo$ H$maU (ŸÐ.""XmZo Z ñd{d{Z`moJmo ZVw {ZdoXZo''Zd.a.àH$m.1Ÿ A_¥.dM.1,4,8,16,17,18Ÿ). Am¡a Bg Am` `m gån{Îm H$moA§eV… Cn^moJ H$aZoH$m Jmo.{V._.lrH$m H$mZyZr A{YH$ma hmo Vmo ZmWÛmamH$sAm`-gånXm XodmoÎma-gånXm hmoZr Zht Mm{h o, {X h g§ñWmZ nw{ï>gåàXm`H$mhmo VmoŸ! na Bg {gÕmÝVH$mo A~ H¡$go Ý`m`mb` Am¡a AZwJm_r OZVmHo$ JboCVmaZmŸ?

dmëb^ gåàXm`H$s àYmZnrR>_| hr {Og {gÕmÝVH$s {Zðw>a AdhobZm hmoahr hmoŸ! Vmo AÝ` ñWmZmoHo$ ~M nmZoHo$ H$moB© Ý`m`nyU© AmYma ^r ~M Zht OmVo.

Bg Ý`m`{ZU© H$mo AmXe© {ZH$f _mZ H$a ~mX_| Z{S>`mXH$s hdobrH$mo ^rgmd©O{ZH$ _pÝXa _mZ {b`m J`m. O~ dh AnZm {ddmX bo H$a XoeHo$ CÀMV_Ý`m`mb`_| nhþ§Mr. Bgr Vah H$ÀN>-_m§S>drHo$ KaHo$ gmd©O{ZH$ _pÝXa hmoZoH$mXmdm dhm§Ho$ H${Vn` d¡îUdm|Zo {H$`m. dhm§ ZrMoHo$ Ý`m`mb`_| Bg {ddmX_|,_w§~BHo$ CÀM Ý`m`mb`_| Mbo {ddmXHo$ AÝVJ©V Omo ~«ô_gå~ÝYXrjmH$moOZVmH$mo {X o OmVo godm{YH$maHo$ ê$n_| _mZm J`m, Cgo ^r à_wI {ZH$f _mZmJ`m. gm¡ m½`de CgHo$ {damoY_| CÀM Ý`m`mb`_| {ddmXerb dmXr-à{Vdm{XAm|ZoAmngr _V oXH$m Ë`mJ H$a MoarQ>rH${_íZaHo$ nmg {gÕmÝVgo A{dnarV K‹S>rJ`r à~ÝY`moOZmHo$ Ûmam AnZo-AmnH$mo {JaVo-{JaVo gåhmb {b`m.

`h Ý`m`àUmbr Am¡a gmYZmàUmbr Ho$ Amngr Q>H$amdHo$ ~mdOyXnw{ï>gåàXm`Ho$ B{Vhmg_| Xygar CëboIZr` KQ>Zm h¡. nhbr KQ>Zm Bg gåàXm`H$sMVwW©nrR>Ho$ ^r Ý`m`b`_| namO`Ho$ ~mdOyX à~ÝY`moOZm_| {gÕmÝVmo{MVgwYma nmZoH$s {g{ÕHo$ ~mXŸ!

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Ohm§ VH$ XrjmÛmam godm{YH$ma {_bZoHo$ g¡ÕmpÝVH$ VÏ`H$m àíZ h¡ Vmo ñd §"A{YH$ma' eãX g§ñH¥$V^mfm_| 1ŸAmaå^ 2ŸH$V©¥Ëdmon^moJr ^moŠV¥Ëdmon^moJr Am¡aì`dñWmon^moJr ñdm{_Ëd 3Ÿ`mo½`Vm 4ŸH$V©ì` `m 5ŸAZwd¥{Îm Am{X AZoH$ AWm]_|à wŠV hmoVm h¡. Bgna Ü`mZ Zht {X o OmZoHo$ H$maU `h _wÔm {~\$am h¡.{gÕmÝVV… ~«ô_gå~ÝYXrjm Ûmam {X`m OmVm "godm{YH$ma' nX, Cn^moJ `mì`dñWm Am{X H$aZoHo$ A{YH$maHo$ AW©_|, Zht àË wV `mo½`Vm `m H$V©ì` Ho$AW©_| hr à wŠV hþdm h¡. AÝ`Wm Jmoñdm{_Am|Ho$ Kam|_| gmjmV² ^JdÝ_y{V©H$mo Ny>H$a H$s OmVr godm_| OZVmH$m {Z~m©Y àdoem{YH$ma Am¡a Eogr godm à_wI H$V©ì`hmoZr Mm{h o Wr (ŸÐ.""...{ZdoXZ§... gmjmX² JmoHw$boeÔZm{YH$maê$nËdmV²''Zd.a.àH$m.1Ÿ). AVrd AmË_½bm{ZHo$ gmW ñdrH$maZm n‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ ñd § h_Jmoñdm{__hmZw mdm|Zo AnZr AmOr{dH$mHo$ CnmO©ZHo$ bmo de h_mar JdËgodm_|Xe©Z- |Q>-àgmX-_ZmoaWHo$ hoVw d¡îUd OZVmH$mo gpå_{bV hmoZoH$mo bw m`m.BgH$m n[aUm_ `h hþdm {H$ OZVm Am¡a Ý`m`à{H«$`m XmoZm| Bg An{gÕmÝVH$monw{ï>_mJu` Y_©(Ÿ12Ÿ) _mZ H$a MbZo bJoŸ! O~{H$ dñVwV… Vmo AnZr JdXmamYZm_|AnZo {ZOr ^ŠVOZm|Ho$ Abmdm AÝ`H$mo Xe©Z H$amZm gd©Wm d{O©V _mZm J`mh¡ (ŸÐ.{g.d.3Ÿ) nam o {H$grgo AnZr ^JdËgodmHo$ hoVw YZ ñdrH$maZm hr{ZVmÝV J{h©V _mZm J`m h¡. Xygao {H$grH$s ^JËgodm_| YZàXmZ H$a àgmX boZmAm{X ^r {ZVmÝV J{h©V H¥$Ë` _mZo Jò h¢ (ŸÐ.{g.d.2,4,7,11 VWmA_¥.dM.2,3,4,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,18Ÿ). Eogm ñnï>rH$aU m Vmo _w§~BHo$CÀMÝ`m`mb`_| gwZdmB©Ho$ g_` {X`m Zht J`m AWdm Cgna Ü`mZ Zht {X`mJ`m hmoJm. h_mao Kam|_| ^JdËgodm H$aZoHo$ OZVmHo$ A{YH$maH$s ~mV {gÕmÝVV…gd©Wm AàgŠV hmoZr Mm{h o Wr; Š`m|{H$ ~«ô_gå~ÝYXrjm CÝh| ñd § AnZoKam|_| ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdê$nH$s godmH$mo Adí`H$V©ì`V`m {Z^mZoH$mo AZw~§{YV H$aVrWr (Ÿ{gÕm.dM.5, A_¥.dM.3,5,6,11,12,19,21Ÿ). naÝVw ì`dhmaH$s{dnarVVmZo {gÕmÝVH$m {MÌ hr {~Jm‹S> H$a aI {X`m.

CXmhaUV`m CnZ`Z-g§ñH$maHo$ ~mX hr {ÛOHw$_ma {ddmhH$m A{YH$mar_mZm OmVm h¡. `h `mo½`Vm `m H$V©ì` Ho$ AW©_| à wŠV "A{YH$ma' eãX h¡,{H$grH$s H$Ý`mHo$ ~mao_| AnZr nËZr ~Zm boZoHo$ A{YH$maH$m Xmdm Ý`m`mb`_|àñVwV H$a nmZoHo$ AW©_| Zht. BgHo$ {dnarV nwÌH$m AnZr {nVm_hH$s gån{Îm_|

Xm`m{YH$ma Ho$db `mo½`VmHo$ AW©_| Zht àË wV d`ñH$ hmoZona Cn^moJmZwHy$bñdm{_ËdHo$ AW©_| hmoVm h¡. Bg Vah godmHo$ A{YH$ma ñdê$n Am¡a à`moOZ Ho${gÕmÝVm{^_V ê$n àdV©_mZ Ý`m`{ZU© m|Ho$ gmW grYo Q>H$amdH$s pñW{V_| Amn‹S>o h¢.

Bggo ^r A{YH$ ^ §H$a n[apñW{V BZ _wH$X_m|Ho$ ~mX, Añgr à{VeVJwéH$s MaU oQ>go {OgH$m IMm© MbVm Wm Eogr, OwZmJT>H$s hdobrHo$ ~mao_| {X oJ o Ý`m`{ZU© Ho$ H$maU CËnÝZ hþ r h¡. ZmWÛmam Z{S>`mX ~§~B© Ho$ _wH$X_m|_| `hH$hm J`m Wm {H$ d¡îUd gmjmV² ^JdËgodm Zht H$aVo naÝVw nw{ï>_mJu`hdo{b`m|Ho$ ^rVa ahZodmbo Jmoñdm{_Am|Ho$ Ûmam ñd § AnZo _ZmoaWHo$ AZwgmaÐì`àXmZ H$a JdËgodm H$admVo h¢. AV… JwOamVHo$ CÀM Ý`m`mb`Zo hdo{b`m|Ho$Jmoñdm{_Am|H$mo Xod_y{V©H$s gmjmV² godm Ûmam OZVmH$s YZam{eH$mo Xod_y{V© VH$nhþ§MmZodmbr _moar (ŸH$m°ZS²çyBQ²> nmBn²Ÿ) Ho$ ê$n_| {~aXm {X`m. Am¡a AVEdY_©JwéH$s h¡{g`V_| CÝh| {_bVr MaU |Q>H$mo r XodmoÎma gån{ÎmHo$ ê$n_| gmd©O{ZH$Kmo{fV H$a {X`m. Š`m|{H$ ~«ô_gå~ÝYH$s Xrjm_| g~ Hw$N> ^JdmZ²H$mo g_{n©VH$a XoZoH$s ^mdZm ~Vm`r J`r h¡(Ÿ13Ÿ).

`h "g_n©U'="{ZdoXZ', "XmZ' Am¡a "Ë`mJ' Ho$ ~rM aho à oXH$mo g_Po{~Zm {H$`m J`m {dYmZ h¡. g_n©UH$s à{H«$`mÛmam Hw$N> {H$grH$mo Ho$dbCn^moJmW© hr {X`m OmVm h¡, Bg_| XoZodmboHo$ ñdm{_ËdH$m Z Vmo Ë`mJ Am¡a ZhñVmÝVaU hr A{^b{fV hmoVm h¡. BgHo$ {dnarV XmZH$s à{H«$`mÛmam Hw$N>{H$grH$mo {X o OmZona XoZodmbm AnZo ñdm{_ËdH$mo {ZañV H$a boZodmboHo$ nj_|Cgo hñVmÝV[aV H$aVm h¡ (Ÿ{gÕm.dM.11Ÿ). Ë`mJH$s à{H«$`mÛmam XoZodmbm XrOmVr dñVwna AnZm ñdËd `m ñdm{_Ëd {ZañV Vmo H$aVm h¡ na AÝ` {H$grH$mohñVmÝV[aV Zht H$aVm. Š`m|{H$ g_n©U, XmZ Am¡a Ë`mJ Ho$ ~rM aho gyú_VmaVå`H$mo _mZm Z Om o Vmo ~«ô_gå~ÝY Xrjm boZodmbr d¡îUd OZVmHo$ J¥h-gånXm-Am` g^rH$m ñdm{_Ëd {Og hdobr_| ~«ô_gå~ÝY {b`m hmo dhm§{~amOVr ^JdÝ_y{V©H$m hmoZm Mm{hò WmŸ! {\$a Vmo {ZandmX nw{ï>gåàXm`Ho$AZwJm{_Am|H$s gån{Îm VWm Am` XodmoÎma hmoZogo gmd©O{ZH$ Ý`mg Kmo{fV hmoZrMm{h o WrŸ!!

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A^r VH$ gmd©O{ZH$ Xodmb`_| godm{YH$mar (Ÿeo~mBQ²>Ÿ) H$s VWm AmZwd§{eH$CÎmam{YH$ma Ûmam àmßV hmoVo ì`dñWmnH$ hmoZoHo$ A{YH$maH$s h¡{g`V_| XodmoÎmagån{Îm_| Ý`m`mb`Ûmam {_bo ^moJm{YH$ma ì`dñWm{YH$ma Am¡a Xm`m{YH$ma H$mo^moJZodmbo h_ Jmoñdm{__hmamOm|Zo, {ZOr Z hmo Vmo Z ghr Ý`mgrHo$ ê$n_| hrgån{ÎmHo$ Cn^moJ H$aZo_| gÝVwï> Wo. Bg MŠH$a_| {H$ÝVw {ZOr MaU |Q> ^rImoZoH$s ~mar AmZona g^r C{Û½Z hmo J oŸ! AV… àm`… g^r Jmoñdm{__hmZw mdm|Zogy{MV {H$ o OmZona àñVwV AmboIH$maH$mo Bg OwZmJ‹T>Ho$ _wH$X_o_|, dmXr `mà{VdmXr Z hmoZona ^r, ~môç AmdoXZH$Vm© ì`pŠVHo$ ê$n_| CÀMV_ Ý`m`mb`_|CnpñWV hmoZoH$mo àm{YH¥$V {H$`m Wm. V~ _¢Zo CÀM Ý`m`mb`_| àñVwV CgAmdoXZ_| Z Ho$db OwZmJ‹T> A{nVw ZmWÛmam-Z{‹S>`mXHo$ _wH$X_m|H$s r g¡ÕmpÝVH$g_rjm Xr Wr, {Ogo àH$m{eV hmo OmZona AdbmoH$Z {H$`m Om gHo$Jm._wH$X_oH$s gwZdmB©Ho$ Xa{_`mZ {H$ÝVw gmam {ddmX gån{ÎmHo$ gmd©O{ZH$ `m {ZOrhmoZona dmXr-à{VdmXrHo$ ~rM MbVm ahm. AV… Ý`m`mYrem|Zo àñVwVAmboIH$maH$mo Ý`m`mb`Ho$ CR>Zogo nhbo Ho$db Xg {_{ZQ> àXmZ H$s. ^manyd©H$AZoH$Ym AZwamoY H$aZona ^r g¡ÕmpÝVH$ _wÔm|na Hw$N> gwZZm Ý`m`mYrem|H$moAmdí`H$ Zht bJm. {\$a^r Jmoñdm{__hmamOm|H$s MaU^|Q>H$mo gmd©O{ZH$_mZZoHo$ JwOamV-Ý`m`mb`Ho$ {ZU© H$mo A_mÝ` H$aZoHo$ Abmdm AÝ` {H$gr ^rg¡ÕmpÝVH$ _wÔm|na Ü`mZ Zht {X`m J`m. n[aUm_ñdê$n Omo Jmoñdm{__hmamOàñVwV AmboIH$maHo$ g_W©H$ Wo do ^r AmJo Bg _wÔoH$mo Am¡a Z ‹S>H$mZoHo$ _VHo$hmo J oŸ!!!

EVXW© nw{ï>_mJu` Y_m©Mm`m]H$m g§ wŠVKmofUmnÌ àH$Q> H$aZoH$s ~mV MbmZona^r Cg KmofUmnÌna hñVmja H$a XoZoHo$ ~mX nwZ… _wH$a OmZm Am{X AZoH${dYHy$Q>Zr{V Iobr J`r. ~mX_| nw{ï>{gÕmÝVMMm©g^m_| ^r Cgr Hy$Q>Zr{VHo$ IobH$moIob H$a Cgo ^r A{ZUuV aIdm Xr J`r. gmW hr gmW An{gÕmÝVm|Ho$ njH$mogÀMo {gÕmÝVm|H$s àñVw{VHo$ ê$n_| ghñVmja {~aXm {X`m J`m. dh ^r CZ_hmZw mdm|Ho$ Ûmam Omo ñd § MMm©g^m_| AZwnpñWV WoŸ! O~{H$ dmñV{dH$Vm `hWr {H$ CŠV KmofUmnÌ `m MMm©g^m _| {dMmamW© àñVwV {gÕmÝVdMZmdbrHo$^mdmZwdmX_| Omo Hw$N> àñVwV AmboIH$maZo g§H${bV {H$`m Wm, Cgo àm`… g^r{damoYH$Vm© nhbo ñdrH¥${V Xo hr MwHo$ Wo. ZmWÛmamHo$ _wH$X_o_| namO`Ho$ ~mX

{Xd§JV lrAma.Ho$.^Å> Ûmam {b{IV "lrdëb^mMm`©Ho$ Xme©{ZH$ AmMmaH$snaånam' Zm_H$ nwpñVH$m Omo ZmWÛmam_pÝXaH$s à~ÝY`moOZmHo$ _gm¡XoHo$ ê$n_|àñVm{dV Wr CgH$s ñVw{V_| o hr _hmZw md ~hþV Hw$N> ñdrH$ma MwHo$ Wo (ŸBgo{dñVmago XoIZm hmo Vmo àñVwV AmboIH$maÛmam {b{IV "{demoY{ZH$m' Ho$ VrZ^mJm|_| XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ).

_wÔm `h Zht {H$ àñVwV AmboIH$ma ghr Wm `m CgHo$ {damoYH$Vm©. naÝVw1ŸÝ`m`mb`m|_| {gÕmÝVH$s AàñVw{V 2ŸOZVmHo$ g_j r nyd©ñdrH¥$V YmaUmAm|H$mAñdrH$ma, 3Ÿì`dhma_| dhr {gÕmÝV{dnarV AmMmaUm|Ho$ CXmhaUm|H$mo àmoËgm{hVH$aZoH$s ar{VZr{V, o Hw$N> Eogr ~mV| h¢ Omo dV©_mZ_| nw{ï>_mJu` {gÕmÝVm|Ho$AmYw{ZH$ Ý`m`àUmbrgo Q>H$amdH$mo _mJ©H$s Y«wd{Z`{V ~Zm XoVr h¢. ñd § ~hmoVnhbo H$^r qghJO©ZmHo$ gmW ""...~«ô_gå~ÝY bo H$a godm H$aZogo àË oH$BpÝÐ`m|H$m ^JdmZ²_| {d{Z`moJ hmoVm h¡... _pÝXa=JwéKa Vmo Ho$db CnXoeJ«hUH$aZoHo$ {b o h¢. godm Vmo h_| AnZo Kam|_| H$aZr h¡'' H$hZodmbo _hmZw md CŠV{gÕmÝVMMm©g^m_| AnZm _V _oao Ûmam {dMmamW© àñVwV {gÕmÝVdMZmdbrHo$^mdmZwdmXHo$ {damoY_| Xo H$a; nwZ… EH$ {XZ, _wPo {_bZo Am o. X~r AmdmµO_|g\$mB© XoZo bJo {H$ ~mV Vmo AmnH$s gÀMr h¡ naÝVw {OZ bmoJm|Zo AnZo Kam|H$mogmd©O{ZH$ _pÝXa Ý`mgHo$ ê$n_| gaH$mar ImVm|_| a{OñQ>S>© H$adm {b`m hmo doH$hm§ Om |Ÿ? _¢Zo H$hm ""do ^r, O~ VH$ H$moB© H$mZyZr Cnm` {_b Zht OmVm V~VH$, ñd_mJu` {gÕmÝV Vmo Iwb H$a OZVmHo$ g_j H$~yb H$a hr gH$Vo h¢''._oar `h ~mV gwZ H$a àgÝZ hmo J o Am¡a ~mobo {H$ ""AÀN>m {gÕmÝV {g\©$OZVmHo$ gm_Zo H$hVo ahZoH$s ~mV Amn H$h aho hmoŸ! h_ Vmo g_Po {H$ Amn CgoA_b bmZoH$m PJ‹S>m H$a aho hmoŸ! _oam Vmo _Z Zht _mZVm Wm {H$ í`m_ _ZmohaOrEogr Aì`mdhm[aH$ ~mV H$^r H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ!!'' Eogr AnZr àe§gm gwZ _¢ BVZmbpÁOV hþdm {H$ nhbo H$^r H$B© gmar Ìw{Q>`m|H$s {ZÝXm gwZ H$a r OrdZ_| H$^rBVZm bpÁOV Zht hþdmŸ!

`h {H$gr ì`pŠV{ZÝXmHo$ ê$n_| àH$Q> Zht H$a ahm hÿ§ naÝVw àm`… A{YH$m§eh_ Jmoñdm{_Am|H$s ñd{gÕmÝV_| ApñWa AmñWm Am¡a VËH$m{bH$ bm¡{H$H$ñdmW©nyU© {hVm|H$s VwbZm_| gZmVZ AmpË_H$ {hVm|H$s AdhobZm H$s ~MH$mZr

23 24

_Zmod¥{ÎmHo$ {ZXe©ZmW© hr h¡. Š`m|{H$ BgHo$ H$maU AnZm dmñV{dH$ Xya§Jm_r {hVh_| ~hþYm ~wqÕJV Zht hmo nmVm Am¡a {nQ>Vo ahVo h¢. `h XoeHo$ ñdVÝÌ hmoZogonhbo A_aobrH$s hdobrHo$ ~mao_| dh gmd©O{ZH$ Xodmb` h¡ `m {ZOr, Bg ~mao_|EH$ _wH$X_m Jm`H$dm‹S>r amÁ`_| Mbm Wm, CgH$s Xw{Z© {VH$mo XoIZona g_PrOm gHo$ Eogr KQ>Zm h¡. Cg g_` {gÕmÝV{dX² empñÌAm| Am¡a gw{dkd¡îUdà{V{Z{YAm| H$s Ow~mZr gwZZoHo$ ~mX [a`mgVr AXmbVZo A_aobrH$shdobrH$mo {ZOr Kmo{fV H$a {X`m Wm. OwZmJ‹T>Ho$ _wH$X_o_| Bg Ý`m`{ZU© H$moCÕ¥V ^r {H$`m J`m, {OahHo$ g_`; Am¡a Cgna Ý`m`mYrem|H$m Ü`mZ ^rAmH¥$ï> {H$`m J`m. JwOamV CÀMÝ`m`mb`Ho$ Ý`m`mYrem|Zo naÝVw Cgo Bg{b o_hÎdnyU© à_mU Zht _mZm; Š`m|{H$, CgHo$ ~mX dhm§Ho$ _hmamOlrZo Mbm H$aCgo gmd©O{ZH$ Ý`mgHo$ ê$n_| gaH$ma_| XO© H$adm Xr WrŸ! h_mao {gÕmÝVm|Ho$~mao_| h_mar Eogr ApñWa {Zð>m h_mar godmHo$ {Z~m©Y {gÕmÝVmZwê$n AZwgaU_|g~go ~‹S>m à{V~ÝY h¡. H$mZyZr à{V~ÝY Vmo ~hþYm Bg ApñWa{Zð>mHo$ H$maU hrh_na bXVo ahVo h¢.

hmb hr _| ÛmaH$mYm_Ho$ _pÝXam|_| Omo JwJwbr ~«mô_Um|H$m nyOm{YH$ma h¡ CZ_|{H$grHo$ nwÌhrZ hmoZona nwÌrH$mo dh A{YH$ma {_bZm Mm{h o Š`m|{H$ Am{W©H$bm^dmbonXm|H$m CÎmam{YH$ma nwÌr Am¡a nwÌ H$m g_mZ hmoZoH$m H$mZyZ h¡. Eogr pñW{V_|h_mao goì` ^JdX²{dJ«hH$s godmH$m A{YH$ma ^r `{X Am{W©H$ bm^dmbm nXh¡ Eogr àñVw{V Ý`m`mb`_| H$s OmZona Jmoñdm_rVa n[admam|_| n[aUrV h_mar~hZ-nwÌrAm|H$m, Mmho A~ wJmZwgma dUm©ÝVa `m Y_m©ÝVa _| Š`m| {ddm{hV Zhmo ñdrH$maZm nS>oJm. AmajUZr{VHo$ MbVo AZwgy{MV Om{Vdmbm|H$mo h_mar^JdËgodm_| godmH$Vm©H$s ~Q>m{b`Z_| Hw$N> AmZwnm{VH$ A{YH$ma ñdrH$maZmnS>oJm. ~mX_| nXmoÝZ{VH$s à{H«$`m_| AmajUHo$ _wÔmHo$ CR>Zona CÝh| Jmoñdm_rVanwÌrd§eOm|Ho$ A{YH$maH$s Vah nw{ï>_mJu` hdo{b`m|_| Jmoñdm{_nXna ^r H$^r ZH$^r ~T>moÎmar XoZr nS>oJr. Š`m|{H$ A~ h_mar ^JdËgodm gmd©O{ZH$ AZwð>mZH$mZyZZ ñd § Jmoñdm{__hmZw mdm|Zo ñdrH$ma br h¡. Eogr n[apñW{V_| hmb_|^mJdVH$WmdmMH$ {H$arQ> ^mB© \$Q>m{Z`mH$mo ~«ô_gå~ÝY Xrjm àXmZ H$aZoH$mA{YH$ma h¡ {H$ Zht Bg {df`_| Omo {ddmX gåàXm`_| {N>S>m hþdm h¡, Cg_|ñd_mJu` na§namHo$ ^madmhr h_ dëb^d§eOm|H$mo na§nam^maHo$ gmW hr gmW

{H$arQ>^mB© O¡gm|H$m ^r Xrjm{YH$ma T>moZm hr nS>oJmŸ!

AÝV_| nw{ï>_mJ©na gZmVZ ~XZm_rHo$ gZmVZ R>ßnm(!) O¡gm "lr`XwZmWOr_hmamO bm`~bHo$g' Ho$ ~mao_| Hw$N> XoI boZm C{MV hmoJm. Bg Ho$gH$m _ybXmo {ddmX Wo : 1ŸAnw{ï>_mJu` _hmXod_pÝXa_| N>ßnZ^moJH$m _ZmoaW hmo gH$Vmh¡ `m ZhtŸ? 2Ÿ{dYdm ñÌrH$m nwZ{d©dmh hmo gH$Vm h¡ `m ZhtŸ?

Bgna h_ nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ Y_©JwéAm|Zo V~ ~‹S>m ~d§S>a I‹S>m H$a {X`m Wm {H$ EogmgZmVZY_©Ho$ emñÌm|Ho$ AmYmana hmo Zht gH$Vm.

Cg g_` H$Ÿ{ed^ŠVm|H$s, IŸgwYmadm{X`m|H$s Am¡a _w§~B_| A~ "dr.nr.amo‹S>'H$ho OmVo _mJ©na V~ Iwbo JŸB©gmB© MM©Ho$ nmXar {dëgZ H$s EH$ g§ wŠV Ywarnw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ {damoY_| gm_Zo Am I‹S>r hþ r.

H$ŸBZ {ed^ŠV ~«mô_Um| VWm dëb^d§eO Jmoñdm_r _hmZw mdm| H$m V~Amngr gmåàXm{`H$ d¡_Zñ` H$m_ H$a ahm Wm. gmo S>o‹T> gmo df©nyd© _w§~BHo$wboída _hmXod _pÝXam|_| Hw$N> bmoJm|Zo N>ßnZ^moJHo$ _ZmoaWH$m Am`moOZ {H$`m.

V~ N>ßnZ^moJHo$ Am`moOZm|H$s à{VñnYm©_| nw{ï>_mJ©go _hmXod_pÝXa AmJo ~‹T>H$a OZVmH$mo AmH${f©V Z H$aZo bJo, Bg ^r{VHo$ H$maU CgHo$ {déÕ nw{ï>_mJu`Y_©JwéAm|Zo ~d§S>a I‹S>m H$a {X`m. Š`m|{H$ CZHo$ AZwgma `h Vmo Ho$dbnw{ï>_mJu` hdo{b`m|_| hr hmo gH$Vm Wm. g¡ÕmpÝVH$ dmñV{dH$Vm O~{H$ `h h¡ñd § AnZo Ðì`go H$aZm hmo Vmo ""ZÝXJm§dHo$ ~‹S>o Jmon lrZÝXam`OrZo ~agmZoHo$~‹S>o Jmon lrd¥f^mZOrH$mo CZHo$ Jm§dHo$ g{hV JmoR> Xo H$a Am_pÝÌV {H$`m'' Eogrbrbm^mdZm H$aZoH$mo dh H$moB© ^r nw{ï>_mJu` N>ßnZ^moJ H$a hr gH$Vm h¡. BgrVahH$s brbm^mdZmHo$ {~Zm Vmo H$moB© ^r AnZo AmamÜ`H$mo N>ßnZ `m EH$ gm¡A‹S>gR> VahH$s ^moJgm_J«r Š`m| {Zdo{XV Zht H$a gH$VmŸ?

CëboIZr` h¡ {H$ dñVwV… Vmo 56ŸxŸ3Ÿ=Ÿ168 go ^r A{YH$ ImÚgm_J«rAnZo `hm§ ^JdmZ²H$mo ^moJ Yar OmVr hm|Jr. {\$a^r OZgmYmaUHo$ gm_Zo `h

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bw mdZr aIr OmVr h¡ {H$ 84,00000 mo{Z`m|Ho$ ~mX {_br ApÝV_ _mZd`mo{ZHo$~mX Xygao 83,99999 `mo{Z`m|Ho$ MH«$H$mo ewé hmoZogo amoH$Zm hmo Vmo""8+3+9+9+9+9+9(`mo{Z`m§)Ÿ=56 `moJ hmoVm hmoZogo N>ßnZ^moJHo$ CËgd_||Q>-Xe©Z-àgmXJ«hU Ûmam _wŠV hþdm Om gHo$JmŸ! gdmb `h Zht {H$ gM_wM

Eogo CnhmgmñnX ì`mdgm{`H$ gm_J«ràXe©ZmoËgd_| gpå_{bV hmoZona Mm¡amgrbmI `mo{ZH$m MH«$ ~§X hmoJm `m ZhtŸ! ^rfU g_ñ`m Vmo `h h¡ {H$ O~ h_maoAmamÜ` ñdê$nHo$ gm_Zo N>ßnZ^moJH$s gOmdQ>Ho$ àXe©ZH$m Eogm Am`moOZ h_namW© H$aVo h¢, V~ dh ^pŠV^mdê$n Z hmo H$a EH$ WmoWm H$_©H$mÊS> ~Z OmVmh¡. dh Vmo wboídaHo$ _hmXodOrHo$ _pÝXaH$s Vah B©gmB© MM© Am¡a _wgë_mZrXaJmh `m n§MVmaH$ hmoQ>b `m Šb~hm°b _| ^r Š`m| Zht hmo gH$VmŸ? AV… `mVmo ^pŠVHo$ Eogo ì`mdgm{`H$ àXe©Zm|_| ^moJgm_J«rH$s g§»`m gd©Wm 56 hrhmoZr Mm{h o Wr AÝ`Wm ""(Ÿ84,00000Ÿ- Ÿ1Ÿ)=(Ÿ8+3+9+9+9+9+9Ÿ)=56^moJ'' g_rH$aU Ìw{Q>nyU© bJVm h¡Ÿ! I¡a Eogo CnhmgmñnX ~MH$mZo bw mdZH$mH$moB© ^r g¡ÕmpÝVH$ `m d¡Mm[aH$ AWdm ^mdZmË_H$ _hÎd Vmo Zht hmoVm.{\$a^r BgHo$ H$maU h_mao gåàXm`_| H$s OmVr ^JdËgodm Z Vmo nw{ï>^pŠVê$nZ nw{ï>^ŠË`W© Z AmË_moÕmamW© hr naÝVw H$mZyZZ OZVmHo$ Ðì`go OZVmHo$ hoVwOZVmHo$ à{V{Z{YAm| Ûmam {H$`m J`m VWmH${WV Ym{_©H$ H$_©H$mÊS> hmoZogoh_mao goì`ñdê$n godmñWb godmà`moOZ Am¡a godmñdê$n H$mo gmd©O{ZH$ {gÕH$aZoH$m n`m©ßV hoVw {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡. {dñ_ÒZH$ ~mV Vmo `h h¡ {H$ Bgna^r h_ µH$m`_ Z aho Am¡a A~ Anw{ï>_mJu` _pÝXam|_| ñd § Jmoñdm_r _hmamOlrgpå_{bV hmoZo bJoŸ! I¡a (Ÿ14Ÿ).

IŸ{hÝXwgwYmadmXr H${d Z_©X ñd § {H$gr {dYdm ñÌrHo$ à{V AmgŠV hmoZoHo$H$maU V~ {dYdm{ddmhH$s n¡adr H$a aho Wo (Ÿ15Ÿ). CÝhm|Zo Jmoñdm_r lr`XwZmWOrH$moBg {df`_| gh_V H$aZm Mmhm. d¡go nw{ï>^pŠVHo$ {gÕmÝVH$s Ñ{ï>go XoIZonañd § _hmà w ""dUm©l_dVm§ _w» o Y_} Zï>o N>boZ Vw {H«$`_mUo Z Y_©… ñ`mX² AV…Vñ_mX² Z _moMZ_²''Ÿ- ""AWm{n Y_©_mJ}U pñWËdm H¥$îU§ ÔoX² ~wY…''(ŸV.Xr.{Z.2Ÿ&223 - 215Ÿ) Iwbmgm Xo hr MwHo$ Wo. Vmo ^r {dYdm{ddmhHo$gZmVZ dUm©l_Y_©go {déÕ hmoZoH$m ~d§S>a I‹S>m H$a ì`W©_| nw{ï>gåàXm`H$mo~XZm_ H$admZoH$m h_Zo nwéfmW© {H$`m. O~{H$ AmOr{dH$mW© Xod_y{V©H$s AmamYZm

H$aZodmbm ñd § AgV² eyÐgo OKÝ`H$mo{Q>H$m n{VV hmoVm h¡, nŠdmÝZê$n àgmXH$m{dH«$` H$aZodmbm Vmo ñd`§ gÚ…n{VV hmo OmVm h¡, Eogr dUm©l_emñÌm|H$sì`dñWm h_mao ÔZHo$ gmao àH$mam|Ho$ {damoY_| _wI[aV Wr hr. Eogr pñW{V_|H$moB© {dYdm ñÌr; `m CgHo$ gmW {ddmh H$aZodmbm nwéf, Am¡a {H$VZm A{YH$OKÝ`H$mo{Q>_| n{VV hmoVmŸ? Am¡a hmoVm Vmo hmoVm dUm©l_emñÌm|Ho$ nm~§X AÝ` ^rgZmVZr h_| {nQ>Vo hþdo ~MmZo Vmo Z Am oŸ! {\$a^r ì`W©_| gZmVZY_©Ho$ R>oHo$Xma~Z H$a h_Zo "_hmamO-bm`~b' Ho$gH$s XwK©Q>ZmH$mo ñd § Am_pÝÌV {H$`m Wm.hoVw Ho$db EH$ hr Wm : Z Vmo dUm©l_Y_©_| h_mar {Zð>m pñWa Wr Am¡a ZdUm©l_Y_©Ho$ {damoY_| hr. Am¡a Vmo Am¡a dUm©l_Y_©_| Z ~§YZodmbr nw{ï>^pŠV_|^r h_mar {Zð>m pñWa Z WrŸ! AmO r dUm©l_Y_©H$s nm~§XrHo$ ~mdOyX Y‹S>ëbogoh_| `yamon-A_arH$mH$s `mÌm S>m°ba Am{X _h§Jr _wÐmAm|Ho$ bm^Ho$ H$maUbw mdZr bJVr h¡. ~mX_| dhm§ `mÌm H$aZoH$m àm`píMÎm Am¡a {Z`V H$a aImh¡. dh ^r 12,000 JCAm|Ho$ XmZH$m H$merHo$ npÊS>Vm|Zo nyN>Zona ~Vm`m Wm,{OgHo$ {Z{_Îm A~ Hw$N> nm§M hOma én`m|H$m àm`píMÎm h_ H$aVo h¢Ÿ! BgYZam{e Ûmam ßbmpñQ>H$H$s ^r 12000 Jm` IarXr `m XmZ _| Xr Zht OmgH$VrŸ! `h h¡ h_mar ApñWa Y_©{Zð>mH$m AH$mÊS>VmÊS>dŸ! A~ Vmo ñd § h_|hr nwZ{d©dmh `m {dYdm{ddmh _| H$moB© Amn{Îm Jå^ra Zht bJVrŸ!

JŸ{hÝXwY_©Ho$ J«ÝWm|H$m AÜ``Z H$aZodmbo wamonHo$ {dÛmZm|H$mo V~ bJ ahm Wm{H$ F$½doX Am{XH$s g§{hVmAm|_| d{U©V Y_© Vmo d¡go ^r à^mdhrZ hmo J`m h¡.^maV_| Omo Mb ahm h¡ dh Vmo e¡d d¡îUd emŠV Am{X nm¡am{UH$ Y_© hr. AV…CÝh| `{X g_mßV {H$`m Om gHo$ Vmo B©gmB© Y_©Ho$ àMmaH$mo _wŠV dmVmdaU {_bnm oJm. AV… _oŠg_yba (Ÿ16Ÿ), _mo{Zà {d{b`_ (Ÿ17Ÿ), nydm}ŠV MM©Ho$ nmXar{dëgZ Am{X AZoH$ ^maVr`{dÚm{dXm|Zo Bg {Xem_| nwéfmW© àmaå^ H$a hr aImWm. gmW hr gmW ñd § {hÝXwAm|_| ^rVago gwYmaH$s hdm MbmZoH$mo Z o nÝW ^rMbdm o J o Wo. Eogm {gZm[a`mo V~ Wm(Ÿ18Ÿ). A~ Vmo ñd § yamon-A_arH$mHo$bmoJ h_mao nm¡am{UH$ Y_©Ho$ {d{dY gåàXm`m|_| Xr{jV AZw m`r ~Z H$a CZH$mAZwgaU H$aZo bJo h¢. V~ N>ßnZ^moJ Hw§$S>dmam Am{XHo$ ì`mdgm{`H$ àXe©Zm|Ho$gmW A~ àmMrZ `k`mJm{X Am¡a IoMar`moJ O¡gr gmYZmAm|Ho$ Am{W©H$bm^H$mar _mJ©Xe©ZH$s _hÎmm h_ dhm§H$s OZVmH$mo g_PmZm MmhVo h¢. `h nwZ…

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h_mar AYyar {Zð>m h_| H$ht AÝVaam{ï´>` ñVana H$ht bo Z Sy>~oŸ!

o Wo _yb hoVw h_| bm`~b Ho$g H$aZoH$mo {dde H$a XoZoH$s gr_m VH$CH$gmZoHo$. CgHo$ ~mX Cg Ho$g_| h_mao ^JdËg_n©UHo$ {Xì` {gÕmÝVH$moAZ¡{VH$ ì`{^MmaH$mo àmoËgm{hV H$aZodmbo {gÕmÝV Am¡a gåàXm`H$s XrjmHo$ê$n_| {dH¥$VV`m ì`m»`m{`V H$a {X`m, A§J«oµO Ý`m`mYrem|Zo. bm`~b Ho$gH$m_wH$X_m Xmà H$aZodmbo lr`XwZmWOrna Omo An_mZOZH$ Amamon Wo CÝh| {gÕZ hmoZoHo$ H$maU CZH$s à{Vð>m A{^`m{MV nMmg hµOmaHo$ ñWmZna nMmg n¡gm_mZ H$a CÝh| Amamon_wŠV H$a {X`m J`mŸ!

7.dV©_mZ Q>H$amdHo$ {ZdmaUH$m Cnm` :{ZîH$f©V`m H$hZm Mmhþ§Jm {H$ h_mao ^rVa âo hþdo nw{ï>^pŠVHo$ ~rO^mdgo

AmídñV Am¡a à{V~Õ nw{ï>OrdHo${b o Vmo gmYmaU `m AgmYmaU, gôç AWdmAgôçç, g^r VahHo$ à{V~ÝY nw{ï>à wH$s {H$gr AVŠ © brbmHo$ AZw mdHo$ê$n_| ñdrH$mao Am¡a gwIg§doÚ ~Z gH$Vo h¢. naÝVw ^JdËgodm `m ^JdX² pŠV_| IQ>H$Zodmbo à{V~ÝYm|Ho$ hr h_ ì`gZr H$ht ~Zo ahZm MmhVo hm| Vmo h_maoà{V~ÝYm|H$mo ^JdëbrbmHo$ ê$n_| {ZhmaZo `m AmZÝX boZm H$m h_mam _Zmo mdhr ^JdËgodm_| g~go ~‹S>m à{V~ÝY ~Z OmVm hmoVm h¡Ÿ! Bg_| {H$gr VahH$se§H$mH$m H$moB© AdH$me Zht. nw{ï>g¥{ï>Ho$ Ordm|Ho$ ^rVa nw{ï>~rO nw{ï>à wZo {H$gà`moOZde ~mo o h¢ Cg {df`_| g^mZVm Omo nw{ï>Ordm|Ho$ ^rVa gwa{jV ahVrh¡ Vmo AË`ÝV {df_ dmVmdaU_| ^r nw{ï>^mdH$mo {H$g àH$ma ~Mm o aIZm CgH$màH$ma H$ho {~Zm ^r ñd §ñ\y$V© hmo nm oJm. na nw{ï>OrdH$mo H¡$go à{V~ÝYH$màVrH$ma {H$g àH$ma H$aZm CZ gå^mdZmAm|H$s {dñV¥V gy{M CnbãY H$amXoZona ^r AnZo ñdê$nHo$ à`moOZHo$ ~mao_| g^mZVm Imo XoZodmboH$mo ~Mm nmZmgab Zht hmoVm. AV… A~ ^r g_` ahVo h_mao AmMm ©MaUH$s dmUr_| hm{X©H${Zð>m h_ nZnm nm | Am¡a VXZwgma d¡îUd OZVmH$mo ^r ào[aV H$aVo ahZoH$sAmMm`m}{MV {ZûH$Vm Am¡a CÎmaXm{`Vm ñdrH$ma| Vmo _mJ©H$m dmñV{dH$ CËH$f©hmo Zht gH$Vm, Eogm H$_go H$_ _wPo Vmo Zht bJVm. Amdí`H$Vm h¡ gÀMoöX`go ^JdXml`H$s, dmŠn{VH$s dmUrHo$ gmW à{V~ÕVmH$s Am¡a AnZrMmdm©H$m|Ho$ O¡gr _ZmoJ«pÝWHo$ N>oXZH$s {H$ ""AmJo ^r OmZo Z Vy nrN>o ^r OmZo

Z Vy Omo ^r h¡ ~g `hr EH$ nb h¡Ÿ!''

AÝV_| lrh[aam` _hmà wHo$ eãXm|_| Hw$N> H$hZm hmo Vmo H$hZm Mmhÿ§Jm {H$Ÿ-

""nwZ… Hw$Ì B©Ñe§ OÝ_Ÿ? Šd AmMm`©MaUml`…Ÿ? Hw$V…gmYZgån{Îm…, gm_J«r Xwb© m A{IbmŸ?

X`mbmoŸ! XrZgm¡hmX©Ÿ!!, ñdgodm{d_wI§ OZ§ godm`m§ gVV§ àdV© ,namËnaŸ!!!''

(Ÿñdà w{dkpßV : 11-12Ÿ).

gH$bmÝVamË_m lrh[a… àgÝZmo dVwŸ!

::gÝX^©gyMr::

(Ÿ1Ÿ)lrZmWOrH$mo CX`nwaamÁ`Ho$ qghm‹S> Jm§d_| {~amOZoH$s gw{dYmàXmZH$aVo g_` Jmoñdm{_{VbH$m{`VH$s Vah _hmamUm CX`nwaH$s ^r g_P `hr Wr{H$ n[apñW{V gwYaZona lrZmWOr nwZ… ~«O nYmaZodmbo h¢ :

"Maharajadhiraj Maharana Shri Rajsinghjicommands from the auspicious Udaipur the Jagirdarof Sinhad and Brahmans and all inhabitants. Be itknown that Shrinathji residing at Sinhad letuncultivated land as may desire be cultivated tillsuch time, when Shrinathji goes back to Brij theland of those to whom it belong will... in fact. If anyone then obstructs in any way he will be rebuked.Grant masani loghs in smt.1729 on Asoj sudi 15Thursday.'',

"Maharana Maharajadhiraj Shri Rajsinghjicommands from the auspisious place of victory.Brahman Joshi Krisna Khemia Mohan Hari Jaghaand Hava Pitha and all inhabitants of the Kheda ofSinhad. Be it known that when Shrinathji goes to

29 30

Brij from Sinhad Brahmins will get the land which isof the Brahmins. They will get the land as is enteredin previous records. So long as Shrinathji... Loghu insmt.1736 on Bhadwa sudi 6 Monday.''

(As an Annexture No.5/13, 5/13A along withappppeal in Supreme Court case no.652 and 757 inthe year 1962 by T.G. against State of Rajsthan)

(Ÿ2-3Ÿ)_hmamUm CX`nwa Ûmam ^maVHo$ A§J«oµO JdZ©a OZabH$mo {X. 17OZdar 1825 Ho$ {XZ oOm J`m nÌ :

"In time of Maharana Rajsingji the God ShriGovaerdhannathji and the ancestors of Gosainji orthe High Priest of the Vaishnavas came from Brij toMewar in the month of Falgun Samvat 1735. Ourancestors kept the Thakurji Maharaj and the GosainjiMaharaj at the village of Sinhad... After this ourancestors and all other Rajas great or little i.e. JaipurJodhpur Bundi Kota etc. became followers of thatreligion and agreed to obey orders... These are thepractices and usages confirmed from old times ofour ancestors. All the former Rajas and chiefs ofHindosthan did obey and the present to obey theorders of Sri Thakurji and Sri Gusainji Maharaj.The orders will not be departed in any way... As afriend I earnestly request Government to issue ordersto the several Agents of Government, accredited atthe courts of the different Rajas to see that in anycase in which the Maharaj is concerned, no agent isto raise any dispute with regard to the above-mentioned matters ''(As an Annexture No.13 alongwith appppeal in Supreme Court case no.652 and757 in the year 1962 by T.G. against State ofRajsthan)

(4)\$a_mZ ~-AmbmemZ A{VE Obmbw{ÔZ _mohå_X AµH$~a ~mXemho µJmµOr:

""Bg _w~m[aH $dµŠV_| \$a_mZ Omar hþdm {H$ Jwgm§B© {dÆ>bam` gm{H$Z JmoHw$b _moµOoO{Vnwam _wÎm{gb naJZo JmoaYZ _| µO_tXmam| go én`m Xo H$a µO_rZ IarX H$a _µH$mZmV d~mµJmV d Jm`m| Ho$ {I‹S>H$ d _§{Xa JmoaYZZmW Ho$ H$maImZo V¡`ma H$am H$a ahVm h¡. Bg{bò

hþŠ_ Omar hþdm {H$ D$na {bIo _moµOo H$mo Jwgm§B© _µOHy$a Ho$ µH$ãµOo _| ZgbZ ~mX Zgb _m\$dm ~mJwµOmíV N>mo‹S>m J`m h¡. Bg{bò _moOyXm d AmBÝXm hmoZodmbo hm{H$_, Am{_b, _w{hå_moHo$ _wVgÔr H«$moS>r, OmJraXma d µO_tXma Bg ~‹S>o hþŠ_ H$s Vm_rb H$a _moµOo _µOHy$a H$mo _`µO_rZ µOa IarX Ho$ CgHo$ H$ãµOo _| ZgbZ ~mX Zgb ahZo Xod|. Am¡a A~dm~ __ZyAmVH$mbr\$ XrdmZr d _Vmb~mV gwbVmZr d _mb dOhmV d Hw$b Adm[aµOmV d gaXaIVrdhm§ Ho$ ~m~V _wµOmh_ Z hmo H$a EVamµO Z H$a|. Am¡a ha gmb Z`m \$a_mZ d nadmZm Z _m§Jod BgHo$ {Ibm\$ Z H$a|. VmHo$ _m[a\$V AmJmh Jwgm§B© ~mXemhr _ha~m{Z`m| go _eHy$a hmo H$aBg gëVZV Ho$ h_|em µH$`m_ H$s XwAm H$aVm aho. Vhara VmarI 9 IwaXmX _mh Bbmhr 39Obygr (Ÿ_wVm{~H$ 1594 BñdrŸ).

(Ÿ5Ÿ)ZmWÛmamH$s JmXrHo$ CÎmam{YH$maHo$ {ddmX {N>‹S>Zona CX`nwaamÁ`Ho$ VrZ _hmamUmAm|(A)^r_qghOr Ûmam {X. 25/9/1826 Ho$ {XZ, (B)gÁOZqghOr Ûmam {X.25/3/1873 VWm (C)CX`nwaamÁ`Ho$ _hmamUmHo$ H$m`m©b`go Omar {H$ò Jò {X.10/10/1933VWm {X.23/3/1948 Ho$ {XZ Kmo{fV amOmkmnÌ :

(A)"Father Gosain Shri Damodarji Maharaj hasdeparted this life, after which Gosain Gopeshwarjiand Shri Krishnraiji having raised despute... youwere found to be in the right. No one else hastherefore heritable right to your house(estste), youare Malik (owner) of the Shriji's sewa...''. "Oursalutation be known... to Shri Shri Shri Dadi KamalaBahuji Maharaj... Moreover you may do service andworship of Shriji(God) in accordance with yourwishes. It is your house. You are the owner. Youlive with pleasure.''

(ibid.Annexture 5/4-5).

(B)"... on 8th may 1876 A.D.... ShriMaharajadhiraj Shri Sajjansinghji... and the politicaagent... Bahadur of Mewar enthroned on the seat ofdivine estate of Nathdwara Shri lalbabaShrigovardhanlalji Maharaj after reminding him forthe said seat... Goswami Maharajshri GovardhanlaljiMaharaj will enjoy the whole income movable andimmovable concerned with the temple of Nathdwara.Now the owner of the said Devasthan Nathdwaraand the properties of all kinds movable andimmovaaable connected with it will be of the said

31 32

Tilkayat Goswami Maharajshri Govardhanlalji alone.The said removed Maharajshri Giridharilalji has noconnection what so ever with the said DevasthanNathdwara. Dt.25th March 1878 A.D...

(ibid. Annexture 15)(C)"Nathdwara estate [Note: like other 16 estates

of jagirdars of the then Mewar State. But nay, never,the main religious seat of Shri Vallabha's sect] hasbeen established by kingdom of Mewar and isdependent on it, in continuity Tilkayt GoswamiGovardhanlalji Maharaj absented himself. Theimmoral character and the conduct against theeternal usage of his son Damodarlalji has not lefthim a fit person so that he can be appointed in theplace of his father as Tilkayat Goswami ofNathdwara... Beside this on the very day GoswamiGovardhalalji also after getting consent with thewritten letter of Damodarlalji presented the followingin writing "if the character of Damodarlalji be notgood then he should remain aloof from the office ofTilkayat and the seat, and my grandson Govindlaljiwill be the owner of the seat'.'' "Government ofMewar order no.7676 of 1948: Government arepleased to order that the management of ThikanaNathdwara may be withdrawn with effect from 1stApril 1948. The advisory committee appointed duringthe period of minority of Tilkayat Goswami ShriGovindlalj i Maharaj is also dissolved. Sd.S.V.Rammurty Prime Minister''.

(ibid.Annexture 30)

(6)

"The Tilkayat also expressed his concurrencewith the proposal made in this report and signed intoken of his agreement. It appears that after orderswere issued in accordance with the decision of theTilkayat, the two templs were treated as part of thebigger temple of Srinathji. This is evident by theresolution which was passed at the meeting of thePower of Attorney Holders of the Tilkayat on thesame day i.e. 15 October 1956. One of the resolutionpassed at the said meeting shows that the proposal

regareing the Temple and Baithaks owned by HisHoliness stating therein that His Holiness had beenpleased to transfer the ownership theirof to Srinathjiwas considered. That proposal along with the list oftemples and Baithaks was produced before theCommittee. The Tilkayat was present at the meetingand he confirmed the proposal and put his signatuerthereon before the Committee. Thereupon, theCommittee accepted the proposal with thanks andinstructed the Exicutive Officer to the needful inthat behalf. Thus, the Tilkayat propossed to thecommittee of his Power Of Attorney Holders thatthe two idols and their Baithaks should be transferredfrom his private estate to the pincipal temple ofSrinathji and that proposal was accepted and therafterthe two idols were treated as part of the principaltemple. After this transfer was thus formallycompleted it appears that the Tilkayat was inclinedto change his mind and so, in submitting to thecommittee a list of temples and Baithaks transferredby him to the principal temple of Srinathji he put aheading to the list which showed that the said transferhad been made for management and administrationonly and was not intended to be an absolute transfer.This was done on or about 23 November 1956.''(T.G.Vs. State of Raj. A.I.R.1963 SC 1638)

(Ÿ7Ÿ)"The Firman then clearly provides that the

Tilkayat Maharaj is merely a Custodian, Managerand Trustee of the said property and finallydetermines the nature of the office held by TilkayatMaharaj. He can claim no better and no higher rightsafter the Firman was issued [Note:1.Even after theFirman ex-Tilkayat in his declaration of the successorclearly intimated to the State of Mewar that his grandsonwould be owner of the estat Nathdwara which the Statehad also taken care to mention without any rebuke 2.Ifthe Tilkayats, were not de facto as well as de jure ownersof the Nathdwara estat, where the temple of Shri Nathjiwas happen to be situated due historical and accidentalcondition, why the committee was dissolved ?].

33 34

(T.G. Vs. State of Raj. A.I.R.1963 SC 1638 para34)

(Ÿ8Ÿ)"If Shri Lal Baba of Goswami (Girdharlalji)

Maharaj intends to come here, then it is proper nowalso that permission be got issued from ShrimanGoswami Sri Tilkayat Govindlalji Maharaj fortouching of feet and toilet (of deity)... Thereforeaccording to old custom, the independence of SriamanTilkayat Maharaj should be maintained... In thisState, the owner is minor...''

( ibid. The Annexture no.10)

(Ÿ9Ÿ)"(Havelies)... though they are grand and majestik

inside, the outside appearance is always attemptedto resemble that of a private house. This featurecan, however, be easily explained if we recall thefact that during the time when Vitthalnathji with hisgreate missionary zeal spread the doctrine of Vallabh,Hindu temples were constantly faced with the dangerof attack from Aurangzeb... Faced with this immediateproblem Vitthalnathji may have started building thetemples in the form of Havelies so that outsidenobody should knwo that there is temple within''.(T.G. Vs. State of Raj. SC AIR 1962 para 21).

(Ÿ10Ÿ)O{Vnwam_| lrZmWOrHo$ Aj`V¥Vr`mHo$ {XZ nmQ>moËgdHo$ ~mX \$mJwZdX gßV_rHo$ {XZ lr{dÆ>bZmW à wMaUHo$ Ka_| nwZ…nmQ>moËgdH$m à_mU :

"When the big temple was completed, at thattime Sri Acharyji Mahaprabhu came to vraj... AndSrinathji was installed in the newly constructed andbig temple by Sri Acharya Mahaprabhu in Smt.1579on Vashakh Sudi 3 Akshay Tritiya''.

(ibid. the Annexture no.54).

""AW \$mëJwZmoËgdm… AW lrJmodY©ZZmWà wàmH$Q²>`moËgd…: AW CËgdm… {Zê$ß`ÝVo _m{g \$mëJwZg§kHo$ \$mëJwÝ`{gVgßVå`m§lr_X²JmodY©Zm{Yn… ào_m{Vf§J~moYmWª ào_m{Ve`dËgb… ì`mO§

bm¡{H$H$_² Am{lË` lr{dÆ>bJ¥ho AJ_V². CËgdñVw _hmZ² AmgrV².g Z eŠ`mo ApñV dU©Zo VXmJ_ZgÄOmV… lr{dÆ>bHw$bo VXm...''

""AW \$mëJwZmoËgd{d{Y… AW \$mëJwZHo$ _m{g gßVå`m§H¥$îUnjHo$ lrJmodY©ZZmWñ` à^mo… nÅ>_hmoËgd….''(ŸCËgdàVmZ : lrd«Oam`H¥$V g§dËgam oËgdH$ënbVm_R>oelrBpÝXaoeH¥$V g§dËgamoËgd{d{YàH$me àH$meZdf©-1949).

(Ÿ11Ÿ)"This conclusion that a temple, which is managed

out of the funds collected from the public, is theMaharaja's property may seem startling, but it isnon the less inevitable by reason of the peculiartenets of the sect and the blind faith with which theywere adhered to by its followers. The Maharajahaving already acquired proprietary rights by whatwas done by himself and his devotees at the timeof, and subsequent to, the construction of the temple,he can not be deprived of them by the mere modernchange in the angle of the vision of some of hispresent devotees. The latter may disallow the tenetsif they deem hard or unjust, refuse to pay contributionand even establish an independent public place ofworship. But so far as the existing tempel and itsproperty are concerned, they are not at liberty toquestion the Maharaja's title to them'' (TheJudgement given on the date 1st June 1927 in thecourt of the District Judge, East Khandesh, at Jalgaon.In the Civil Suit no.2 of 1927 by The Distruct JudgeN.S.Lokur ).

(12)(A)"The participation of the member of the public

in the Darshan in temple and in the acts of worshipor in celebration of festival occasions may be avery important factor to concider in determining, thecharacter of the temple.'' (T.G. Vs. State of Rajasthanpara.23).

(B)"There is nothing on record to indicate that in

35 36

the long past in Patadi, any ruler had put anyrestriction on the use of temples for Darshan over afairly long period during which public visited thetemples, as if they were thier temples and thisestablishes thier right... Although there was a sortof private passage running from Darbargadh to thepublic road, presumably meant for the use of"pardanashin' ladies of royal family, this would notindicate that that the temples were attached to theDarbargadh... The general public and particularlythe members of the vaishanva sect had unrestrictedright of worship at temples as a matter of courseand participated in the the festivals of Hindola andAnnakut functions and seva'' ( Pratapsinji Vs. DeputyCharity Commissioner Gujrat SC.1987).

(Ÿ13Ÿ)Ðï>ì` : OwZmJT> hdobr _wH$X_oHo$ \¡$gbmHo$ n¥ð> : 138-139,143-146, 156-158, 161-162 VWm 306. BZ n¥ð>m|na `h ^manyd©H$H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ ^JdÝ_y{V©Ho$ gm_Zo ~«ô_gå~ÝYXrjm boZona gd©g_n©U H$aXoZoHo$ ~mX ^dZ `m gån{Îm na g_n©UH$Vm©Ho$ ñdm_r hmoZoH$m Xmdm _mÝ` Zhthmo gH$Vm. `h naÝVw {gÕmÝVV… gË` hmo Vmo nw{ï>_mJ©H$s AZwJm_r OZVm ^r~«ô_gå~ÝY Xrjm boVr hmoZogo CZHo$ ^r AnZo ^dZ CÚmoJ Ed§ gån{Îm nañdm{_Ëd {ZañV hmo H$a _pÝXaH$s _y{V©H$m ñdm{_Ëd àñWm{nV hmoZm Mm{h o Wm.Ho$db nw{ï>_mJu` Jmoñdm_r _hmamO hr Wmo‹S>o ~«ô_gå~ÝYXrjm boVo h¢. AnZoKa_| ^JdËgodm H$aZo_| gj_ g^r ñÌr-nwéf ~mb-d¥Õ YZdmZ²-AYZdmZ²g^r dU©Om{VHo$ bmoJ bo gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a boVo ^r h¢.

(Ÿ14Ÿ)H$nw{ï>_mJ© AWdm _hmamOmoZmo n§W n¥.416-417 : ""Amgao

g§dV² 1914 Ho$ 15 _m§ gmb_m§ _w§~B_m§ wboída _mhmXodZmoN>ßnZ^moJ Ho$Q>bmH$ ~«m÷Umo Va\$Wr H$adm_m§ Amì`mo hVmo. VodIVo Vo dIVo Ao bmoH$moAo _mhmXodZw§ N>ßnZ^moJ Wm` Zhr Aodr~m~V bmdr ~«m÷Umona ^mao Owb_ JwOmamdm à`ËZ H$`m}. VoWr~«m÷UmoAo Mmoamer ZmV AoH$R>r H$ar AZo nmoVmZr hH$sH$V

{ZdoXZ H$ar. Vo CnaWr MmoamerZmVdmimAmoAo H$ar KUm§H$lr_§VmoZo g_Omdr Ao bmoH$moZmo OyR>mo Xmoa VmoS>r Zm»`mo. Vo dIVoAoH$ {ed^ŠVo AoAmoZr ŸCËn{Îm {dfo dmV bIr Vo Am à_mUo N>o: ... Vo {Ìeyb dS>o XodrAo _{hfmgwa... ñdJ©_m§Wr ZgmS>r_wŠ`m... nN>r n¥Ïdr Cna bmoH$moZo {gÕmB XoImS>dm nmoVmZr_m`mdS>o Ap½Z H$arZo dÀMo ~miH$ WBZo aømo VoZo bú_U^Å> bBJ`mo Ë`m§ _hmoQ>mo Wdm nyd} new hVmo _mQ>o VoZo new_mJ©, nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ Oo_m§ H$moBZr _`m©Xm Zht Vo Mbmì`mo.

(Ÿ15Ÿ)I""(...) VWm H$aobm§ H¥$Ë`mo g§~§Yr AZo _mam ñdm^m{dH$

JwU{dfo _mam§O H$aobm§ {ddoMZ g§~§Yr hmb bIdmWr _Zo WmoSw>§;nU _mam g§~§YrAmoZo KUw§O ZwH$gmZ Wm` AZo Vodr hmo-hmo WBaoho _mQ>o Vo dmVmo KQ>Vo àg§Jo KQ>Vr arVo bIm` Vo_ bIdmZo_wbVdr amIw§ Nw>§''(Ÿ_mar hH$sH$V n¥.94Ÿ)""Am ~Yr Z~imB©Amo_m§ hOr AoH$ C_oamo WB eHo$ Vo_ N>o.Ao N>o Z_©XZr ñÌrAmog§~§YrZr Z~imB©. ñÌrAmo gmWoZm nmoVmZm g§~§Ymo ~m~V_m§ Z_©XZoZ¡{VH$ ~§YZmo ~hþ WmoS>m ZS>Vm§(...) {dYdm Z_©XmJm¡arZo naUdmZmoVoUo Oo {ZU© H$`m}. Vo_m§ nU Amdr OmVZr qh_VZr Oê$a hVr.AoH$ nËZr OrdVr hmodm N>Vm§ AZo Vo nU dir em§V AZo gwerbhmodm N>Vm§ VoUo Oo Am nJbw§ ^ wª Vo gmMw§ hVw§ Vo_ Vmo H$moB© O H$ho(...)AmnUo gË`Zo gmjr amIrZo Z_©X {dfo nU H$hr eH$sAoHo$ VoUo nU ì`{^Mma H$`m} O hVmo...(Ÿ"Z_©X' n¥.87-88. bo.Jwbm~Xmg ~«moH$aŸ).

(Ÿ16Ÿ)(A)"India is much riper for Cristianity than Rome

and Greece were at the time of St.Paul. The rottentree has for some time had artificial supports, becauseits fall have been inconvient for the government... Iwould like to live for ten years quietly and learn

37 38

language, try to make friends, and then see whetherI was fit to take part in work by means of which theold mischief of Indian priestcraft could be overthrownand way opened for the entrance of simple Cristianteaching, that entrance which finds into every humanheart, which is freed from ensnaring powers of priestsand from the obscuring influence of philosophers.

(B)"... the ancient Indian relgion of India is doomed- and if Cristianity does not step in whose fault willit be?''

(C)"That religion is still professed by at least ahundred and ten million of human souls... and yet Ido not shrink from saying that the religion is dyingor dead''.

("Max Muller and his contemporaries' Papersread at seminar held at the RKmission Kolkta 15-15/12/2000 p.207-8‹).

(Ÿ17Ÿ)"...I must draw attention to the fact that I am

only second occupant of the Boden Chair, and thatits Founder, Colonel Boden, stated most explcitly inhis will (dated August 15, 1811) that the specialobject of his munificent bequest was to promote thetranslation of the Scripture into Sanskrt, so as "toenable his countrymen to proceed in the coversionof the natives of India to Cristian Religion.'... I havemade it the chief aim of my professorial life toprovide facilities for the translation of our sacredScripture into Sanskrit... ''

(In Preface to "A Sanskrit-English Dictionary'by Sir Moneir William p.ix-x).

(Ÿ18Ÿ)Bg {df`_| Hw$N>gmdYmZV`m AdYo` VÏ` dra Z_©XZo AnZrCÎmamdñWm_| àH$Q>{H$ oOmo"Y_©{dMma'Zm_H$J«ÝW_|Iwb H$a ñdrH$mao h¢ :

""gåàXm`Zm XodmoZo Z _mZdm nU AoH$ na_oídaZo _mZdmo (...)Aodmo Vo H$miZmo dm hVmo (...) Ao Y_} dëb^r gåàXm` CnaHmoaQ_m§ O` _oiì`mo. gwYmamdmimZw§A¡Š` àH$mñ w§Ÿ; AZo H¥$îUXmgZrH$s{V© WB-{¼ñVrAmoAo _moQ>r dImUr (ŸnmX{Q>ßnUr : ~rOmd¡îUd

Y_©dmim amOr WB J`m dëb^_mJ© ntIm`mo OmoB; (...)qhXwY_©Zr ntIU_m§ {¼ñVrnmXar C_§Jr hmo O Zo S>mŠQ>a {dbgZVo H¥îUXmgZo gmar noR>o ghm` W`m hVm, H$moaQ>_m§nU AZoVo nN>rnU(Ÿ... n¥.28 ...Ÿ) A_o ZWr g_OVm§ Ho$ gwYmamo _hmamOmoZmonrN>moem_mQ>oZWr_wH$VmoŸ?(...) ñdm_r X`mZ§XnU VoZm Cna CbQ²>çmohVmo.ew§ ~rOm n§Wmo ZWr gwYmamZr gidiVr Or^ Zo MidiVrboIUrZo_mQ>o(...)?(Ÿew§ ~rOm n§Wmo_m§ XwamMma AZmMma N>iàn§MZWrŸ? Zo AoZw§ nmn {deof Ho$ dëb^n§WZm Oma H$_©Zw§Ÿ? `_amOmHo$ VoZmo {MÌJwßV OmUo (Ÿ35...Ÿ)Ÿ! (ŸgwYmamdmimŸ)gKimAoñdY_©Wr AOmU, gKimAo nabmoH$ {df`Zr na§namZmo AZmXaH$admdmim Zo gKimAo ñdXoer ~§YwAmoZw§ g§gmar H$ë`mU H$admHm oS>rbm hVm.{¼ñVr ~¡~b Zr Zr{V Cna _m o{hV(Ÿ...n¥.49...Ÿ)n§{S>V X`mZ§X Oo CÀN>oXH$ gwYmamZo doXY_©Zw §,doXZmXodVmZo Z _mZo, A{YH$manaËdo Y_©~moYZo Z _mZo Vo _y{V©Zo Ho__mZoŸ?nU n¥ÀN>m {ZH$io Ho$ nXmW© {dÚmZm emoYH$m © A_Um§ Oo~YmN>o ~Ym doX_m§ H$hobmN>o Vo_ Vo H$ho N>o Vmo _y{V©nyOmZmo {df`doX_m§ Ho$_ Z{hŸ? nN>r I§S>Zo Ho$ _§S>ZoŸ? dir _y{V©nyOm Z{h Ë`mao~rOm H$_©Zr Moï>m em_mQ>oŸ? ½`mg nmUr ~a\$ Ao ÌU pñW{VOi; _mZ{gH$ dm{MH$H$m{`H$Ao ÌU àH$ma H$_©Zm; Vo_g§H$ënñ\w$aU N>m`mñdê$n Zo àH$Q>ñdê$n Ho$_ Z{hŸ? (...)B©ídaZw§gd©ì`mnrnUw§ _§ÌX¡dV Zo àmUà{Vð>m, pŠV^mdZmZr {g{Õ _mZoVo _y{V©nyOmZo ImoQ>r Z{h Hho(...) n{dÌmB© VWm ñdÀN>VmWr Amamo½`g§~§Yr _moQ>mo gwYmamo Am © nmoVmZo amIr aôçmo N>o O (...) Ho$Q>bmH$\o$a\$ma Wdm OmoBAo; nU dir naY_uZm ghdmgWr Ho$Q>bmo ~JmS>Wm` N>o (ŸnmX{Q>ßnUr : Ao AmnUogmar noR>o OmÊ`w§ N>o Ho$,hdogwYmamdmim naY_u {dMmaWr Ho$Q>bmo ~JmS >W`mo N>oVo.nam`m {dMmaobmoH$Zo g§e`r «{_ð> H$sYm N>o VoZo R>oH$mUo AmUdmZo Ho$Q>bmo l_nhm|Mo N>o AZo _mohZo R>m_o {YŠH$ma AUmdVm Ho$Q>brdma bmJeoŸ?-Ao_ W`m {dZm ñdY_©Zw§ VoO~i dYZmé§ ZWr (ŸAo {df`_m§ nyd©OmoZrHo$dr nw»V ~w{ÕŸ!Ÿn¥.64Ÿ).

39 40

{df`mZwH«$_{UH$m

{df`m§H$m… n¥ð>m§H$m…{gÕmÝV dMZmdbr(1) godmonXoeXrjm 124(2) godmñdê$n 134(3) godmàXe©Z 140(4) godmà`moOZ 143(5) godmñWb 146(6) goì`ñdê$n 150(7) godmW©-AmOr{dH$m 157(8) godmH$Vm© VWm godmn[aMmaH$ 159(9) godmonXoîQ>m 163(10) ^mJdVH$Wm 176(11) ñdgoì`-ñdê$n-àgmX-J«hU 179(12) VrW©n ©Q>Z 181(13) AmMm ©dMZme`{ZYm©aUàH$mamong§hma 183

n[a{eîQ>(1) eaUmJ{V 186(2) A_¥VdMZmdbr 191(3) nwpîQ> Apñ_Vm 213(4) nwpîQ>{gÕmÝVMMm©g^mH$m g§{jßV d¥Îm 215

&&Ÿlrh[a…Ÿ&&

&&ŸàmŠH$WZŸ&&

_hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©Ûmam àd{V©V nwpîQ>gåàXm`_| h_marŸ-ŸCnXoeH$ VWmAZwJm_r OZm|H$sŸ-ŸAmO g~g| ~S>r H$moB© g_ñ`m h¡ Vmo dh `hr {H$ `{X h_AnZo g§àXm`Ho$ àdV©H$-àgmaH$ nydm©Mm`m]Ho$ Ûmam {b{IV J«ÝWm|H$m| à_mU_mZVo h¢ Vmo Omo Hw$N> AmO _hmà wHo$ Zm_na Mb ahm h¡ dh {ZVmÝV {gÕmÝVd¡narË`hr h¡; Am¡a `{X Omo Hw$N> Mb ahm h¡ Cgo hr AmXe© _mZZoHo$ _mohHo$ H$maU h_Cgo N>moS>Zm Z MmhVo hm| Vmo J«ÝWmon{XîQ> {gÕmÝV gd©Wm {ZaW©H$, Ag§JV Ed§AZw m{ÒZm|Ho$ g_j AZwÀMmaUr` hr hmo OmVo h¢. Bg Xw{dYmH$mo Xya H$aZoH$moOmo ñnîQ>rH$aU {X o OmVo h¢ CZ_|Ho$ n[aJ{UV _wÔo àm`… AYmo{Z{X©îQ> h¢ :

(1)Ÿ_hmà wHo$ {gÕmÝV Š`m h_ hr OmZVo h¢Ÿ-Ÿh_mao nyd©Om|H$mo Š`m _hmà wHo$dmñV{dH$ {gÕmÝVm|H$m kmZ Zht WmŸ?

(2)ŸAmOgo nm±Mgm¡ df© nyd©Ho$ g_mO Xoe Am¡a H$mb H$mo XoIH$a _hmà wZoAnZo {gÕmÝV K‹S>o Wo. AmO Vmo dh pñW{V hr Zht ahr h¡; Am¡a H$B© g_ñ`mE±ZB© ^r A~ h_mao hr gm_Zo CR> IS>r hþB© h¢. g_mOŸ-ŸXoeŸ-ŸH$mbHo$ n[ad{V©Vn[aàoú`_| A~ Câr g_ñ`mAm|H$m ì`mdhm[aH$ {ZamH$aU {H$ o {~Zm Ho$dbg¡ÕmpÝVH$ O‹S>mJ«h aIZm gmao g§àXm`H$mo CpÀN>ÝZ H$a XoZoH$s ZmXmZr hmoJrŸ!

(3)Ÿñd_mJu` {gÕmÝV Vmo g^r ñdg§àXm{Àm|H$mo _mÝ` hmoZo hr Mm{h |.naÝVw XoeHo$ Y_©{Zanoj g§{dYmZ VWm H$amYmZm| Ho$ ^rfU àmdYmZm|go ~MZoHo${b o Hw$N> ~mV| ñd{gÕmÝVm|Ho$ {dnarV ^r AnZmZr n‹S>r h¢. Bg {ddeVmH$m{gÕmÝV-O‹S>mJ«{hAm|Ho$ nmg ^r Š`m g_mYmZ h¡Ÿ?

(4)ŸOmo bmoJ {gÕmÝVdMZm|Ho$ Zm_na ~mdobm _Mm aho h¢ do ñd § r gdmªe_|{gÕmÝVm|H$m nmbZ H$hm± H$a aho h¢Ÿ?

(5)Ÿg{XAm|go OZ-OZ_| ì`mßV {H$gr ^r g§àXm`go g§~pÝYV g^r Ym{_©H${ZU© Ho$db {b{IV J«ÝWm|Ho$ AmYmana {b o Zhr Om gH$Vo, Or{dV na§namAm|H$m^r AnZm H$moB© _hÎd hmoVm hr h¡.

(6)Ÿñd_mJu` {gÕmÝV Vmo g^rH$mo gd©Xm _mÝ` hmoZo hr Mm{hò naÝVw

41 42

J«ÝWmoŠV H$B© {gÕmÝV CÀMH$jmHo$ A{YH$m[aAm|Ho$ {b o àH$Q> {H$ o J o h¢.AmO Eogr CÀMH$jmHo$ A{YH$mar Ord h¡ H$hm±Ÿ! {ZåZH$jmHo$ O¡go A{YH$marAmO ÑpîQ>JV hmoVo h¢ CZHo$ {b o na§na`m O¡gm àH$ma àM{bV h¡ dh R>rH$ hrh¡.

(7)ŸAmOH$s àmW{_H$ Amdí`H$Vm gåàXm`_| aMZmË_H$ H$m`©H«$_H$moAnZmZoH$s h¡, Z {H$ H$bhnyU© g¡ÕmpÝVH$ {ddmXm|_| gåàXm`H$mo CbPmZoH$s.

(8)ŸAnZm _mJ© Vmo à_mU_ybH$ {gÕmÝVm|na Adbpå~V Zht. `h _mJ© Vmona_mË_mH$s à_mUmVrV nwpîQ>epŠVna Adbpå~V h¡. gmd©O{ZH$ _pÝXa, AV…,`{X ~ÝX {H$ o OmVo h¢ Vmo ^moJ-amJ-e¥§JmaÛmam nwpîQ>nwéfmoÎm_H$mo bm‹S> b‹S>mZoH$sgodmàUm{bH$m hr bwßV hmo Om oJr. gmd©O{ZH$ _pÝXa `{X ~ÝX H$a {X o OmVoh¢ Vmo AnZo _mJ©Ho$ d¡îUd BVa _mJ©_| à{dîQ> hmo Om |Jo.

(9)Ÿ{gÕmÝVmn{gÕmÝVH$s MMm© gmd©O{ZH$ ê$ngo Zht H$aZr Mm{h o. AÝ`Wm_yI© AZwJm{_OZVm ñd_mJu` AmMm`m]Ho$ à{V AmXa{dhrZ hmo Om`Jr. AV…Eogr MMm© Jmoñdm_r AmMm`m]H$mo ~§X XadmOo_| hr H$aZr Mm{h o.

(10)Ÿ{gÕmÝV Vmo g^r _mÝ` hmoZo hr Mm{h o na§Vw AmOr{dH$mH$m Xygam H$moB©gwb^ Cnm` {_b Zht OmVm V~ VH$ gmd©O{ZH$ _pÝXam|_| ^JdËgodmH$mAmOr{dH$mW© àXe©Z amoH$ZoH$m XwamJ«h ì`mdhm[aH$ H¡$go _mZm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ?

(11)Ÿh_| Omo Hw$N> H$aZm h¡ h_ H$a|JoŸ- {H$grH$mo ^r h_mar AmbmoMZmH$aZoH$m Š`m A{YH$ma h¡Ÿ!

XodVmemñÌ_| éÐH$s g§»`m ½`mah _mZr OmVr h¡ Am¡a h_| bJVm h¡ {H$ oEH$mXe éÐ hr AmOH$s VmarI_| dmëb^gåàXm`Ho$ g§haUH$s am¡Ðbrbm àH$Q>H$a aho h¢.

BZ am¡Ð {dYmZm|Ho$ g§{jßV Am¡a emÝV g_mYmZ h_| ImoOZo hm|Jo. h_ `hXmdm Vmo Zht H$a gH$Vo {H$ h_mam `h à`mg g^rHo$ {b o gÝVmofH$mar hr hmoJm.{\$a ^r BZ am¡Ð {dYmZm|Ho$ à{V h_mar emÝV d¡Mm[aH$ à{V{H«$`mH$mo eãXmo_|A{^ì`ŠV H$aZm hr Bg àmŠH$WZH$m _w»` à`moOZ h¡Ÿ:

(1)Ÿh_mao nyd©O-~mnXmXm _hmà wHo$ {gÕmÝVm|H$mo OmZVo Wo `m Zht `h,CZHo$ {Xd§JV hmoZoHo$ ~mX, Ho$db CZHo$ Ûmam {b{IV J«ÝWm|Ho$ AmYmana hr OmZm

Om gH$Vm h¡. H$moB© H$maU Zht h¡ {H$ nyd©Om|H$s g_PH$s gwY {g\©$ {nVm `m{nVm_h H$s g_P VH$ hr boZr Am¡a Cggo D$na Zht. _hmà wgo àma§ H$anadVu J«ÝWH$mam|Ho$ dMZ àñVwV dMZmdbr_| g§H${bV h¢ hr.

(2)ŸemñÌV… àm_m{UH$ H$B© ~mV| XoeH$mbm{XHo$ n[adV©ZHo$ H$maU H$B© ~maAeŠ` ~Z OmVr h¢. n[ad{V©V Xoe-H$mb_| C^ar ZB© g_ñ`mAm|H$mo gwbPmZoHo${b o Z o g_mYmZ ^r ImoOZo hr n‹S>Vo h¢. CZ g_mYmZm|H$mo, naÝVw, {H$gr XygaoHo$Zm_na Wmon XoZm Zr{V_Îmm Zht. _hmà wHo$ {gÕmÝVm|H$m AZwgaU, `{X, AeŠ`hmo J`m hmo Vmo Z`m _mJ© Adí` àd{V©V {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡. Cg Z o _mJ©H$mo,naÝVw, _hmà wHo$ Zm_na hR>mV² Wmon Zht XoZm Mm{h o.

(3)Ÿhmb hr _| amOñWmZHo$ CÀMÝ`m`mb`Zo dmëb^ gåàXm`Ho$ {gÕmÝVm|H$sgw{deX g_rjm H$aVo hþdo, EH$ nwpîQ>_mJu` _pÝXaH$mo "gmd©O{ZH$-àÝ`mg'Kmo{fV H$aZodmbr gmar gaH$mar H$madmB©Am|H$mo {ZañV H$a {X`m h¡. AV… BgbmMmarHo$ ~hmZo_| A~ H$moB© X_ Zht ahm. Omo godmñWb gmd©O{ZH$ Ý`mgKmo{fV hmo MwHo$ h¡ dhm± ^r An{gÕmÝVHo$ _mohH$mo N>mo‹S> H$aŸ: VZw{dÎmOm godmHo$ì`mdgm{`H$ {d^mOZna; Am¡a {ZË`godm-_ZmoaWm|-Ho$ gmd©O{ZH$ ì`mdgm{`H$àXe©Zna, `Wmgå^d ghgm AWdm eZ¡…-eZ¡…, A§Hw$e bJmZm hr Mm{h o. BgVahH$s H$madmB©_| {X H$moB© hñVjon H$aVm h¡ Vmo {gÕmÝVm|Ho$ àH$me_| Ý`m`mb`m|gonwZ{d©Mma ^r H$adm`m Om gH$Vm h¡. Bg Xoe_| BVZo gmao H$amoS>n{V Y{ZH$ h¢Vmo H$amYmZm|Ho$ ^rfU àmdYmZm|go ~MZoH$m H$moB© Z H$moB© Cnm` do ^r Vmo AnZmVohr hm|JoŸ! H$amYmZHo$ ^`go {H$gr H$amoS>n{VZo AnZm Ka gmd©O{ZH$ Y_©embmHo$ê$n_| Kmo{fV {H$`m hmo Eogm gwZZo_| Vmo Zht Am`m. V~ ^JdËgodmW© Ym{_©H$A{Zdm ©Vmdmbo {ZOr KaH$mo gmd©O{ZH$ _pÝXaHo$ ê$n_| Š`m| {dH¥$V {H$`m OmVmh¡Ÿ?

(4)Ÿh_mam Xmdm Z Vmo `h h¡ {H$ Bg gåàXm`_| Ho$db h_ hr g^r{gÕmÝVm|H$m nmbZ H$a aho h¢ Am¡a Z h_ {H$gr ì`pŠV{deofna Eogm Amamon hrbJmZm MmhVo h¢ {H$ dh {gÕmÝVm|H$mo Vmo‹S> ahm h¡. h_mam A{^àm` Vmo Ho$db`hr h¡ {H$ h_go `m AÝ` {H$grgo {ZOgm¡ m½`de ñd{gÕmÝV nmbo Om gH$V|hmo V~ ^r dmëb^ g§àXm`Ho$ {gÕmÝV dhr ah|Jo Omo _hmà w à ¥{V nydm©Mm`m}Zo{ZYm©[aV {H$ o h¢. h_go `m AÝ` {H$grgo {ZOXm¡ m©½`de Z ^r nmbo Om gH$V|hmo V~ ^r {gÕmÝV Vmo dhr ah|Jo Omo nydm©Mm`m}Zo {ZYm©[aV {H$ o h¢. {ZOgm_Ï ©Ho$

43 44

AmYmana Z Vmo {gÕmÝV àñWm{nV hmo gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a Z {ZO-Agm_Ï ©Ho$AmYmana àñWm{nV {gÕmÝV {dñWm{nV hr hmo gH$Vo h¢.

(5)Ÿh_ ^r Or{dV na§namHo$ _hÎdH$m AñdrH$ma Zht H$aVo naÝVw eV© Cg_|`hr h¡ H$s H$moB© ^r na§nam _ybmMm`m]Ho$ dMZm|go {déÕ Zht hmoZr Mm{h o. nËWa`m YmVwgo ~Zr O‹S> _mZd_y{V© CVZr gabVmgo é½U Zht hmo nmVr {OVZm {H$Or{dV _mZd-Xoh. AV… Omo Hw$N> Or{dV h¡ CgH$m ñdñW hmoZm ^r Amdí`H$h¡ hr.

(6)ŸCÀMm{YH$ma `m {ZåZm{YH$ma H$mo naIZoH$s dmM{ZH$s ì`dñWm `{XCnbãY Z hmoVr Vmo AnZr H$ënZmH$mo `m ñdmW©ào[aV gw{dYmH$mo Bg {df`_|à_mU _mZm Om gH$Vm Wm. godm-H$Wm-àn{ÎmHo$ ^oXgo O~ dmM{ZH$sA{YH$maì`dñWm CnbãY h¡ hr Eogr pñW{V_| An{gÕmÝVHo$ AZwH$aUH$s hrŠ`m Amdí`H$Vm h¡Ÿ?

(7)Ÿ{H$gr ^r aMZmË_H$ H$m ©H«$_H$mo EH$ Ym{_©H$ H$m ©H«$_Ho$ ê$n_| g_mO_|àñVwV H$aZm hmo Vmo CgH$m Y_©emñÌm{^_V hmoZm A{Zdm © h¡ hr. AÝ`WmaMZmË_H$ H$m ©H«$_Ho$ Zm_na eam~ `m OwE Ho$ AÈ>o Vmo Imobo Zht Om gH$VoŸ!

(8)ŸAnZm _mJ© `{X à_mU_ybH$ {gÕmÝVm|H$s Anojm aIVm hr Z hmo VmonwpîQ>_mJu` _pÝXam|_| Z_mµO Š`m| Zht n‹T>r Om gH$Vr `m ~H$aoH$s ~br Š`m| ZhtM‹T>mB© Om gH$VrŸ? `{X {H$gr g¡ÕmpÝVH$ oXHo$ H$maU `h eŠ` Z hmoVmo {gÕhmo OmVm h¡ {H$ gH$b à_mUmVrV nwpîQ>epŠV hr Ho$db {Z`m{_H$m Zht h¡.AÝ`Wm AZoH${dY AH$mÊS>VmÊS>dm|H$mo ^r AZw_{V XoZr hr nS>oJr. ^moJ-amJ-e¥§JmaH$m godm_| {d{Z`moJ ^mdmË_H$ hmoZm Mm{h o `m ^mdmS>å~amË_H$ `h ^r{ZYm©[aV H$aZm Mm{h o. Omo OZVm Y_© Z MmhVr hmo Am¡a AmS>å~a hr MmhVrhmo dh Vmo nwpîQ>_mJ©H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a AÝ` _mJ©_| à{dîQ> hmo Om` Bg_| nwpîQ>_mJ©H$mlo hr _mZZm Mm{h o.

(9)Ÿ{gÕmÝV-d¡narË`H$m AZwîR>mZ O~ Iwbo Ûmam|_| {Z…e§H$ hmo ahm h¡ V~{gÕmÝVMMm©H$mo ~ÝY Ûmam|_| H$aZoH$s VwH$ Š`m ah OmVr h¡Ÿ? AZwJm_r OZVmH$m_yI© hmoZm CnXoeH$ _hmZw mdm|Ho$ CÎmaXm{`Ëd{dhrZ A{YH$mamon^moJ AWdmAgm_Ï © H$m ÚmoVH$ h¡.

(10)Ÿñd_mJu` {gÕmÝVm|Ho$ à{V AnZr {ZîR>mnyU© ñdrH¥${V AmO OZVmHo$g_j Kmo{fV H$a XoZr Mm{h o. H$b ñdY_©go A{déÕ AmOr{dH$mHo$ Cnm`m|H$mo

ImoOZm H${R>Z H$m © Zht ah Om oJm.(11)Ÿ{Ogo Omo Hw$N> H$aZm h¡ dh {Z…g§H$moM VWm ghf© H$aVm ahoŸ- h_| Omo

Hw$N> H$aZm h¡ dh Vmo AnZo {gÕmÝVm|H$m Ho$db CÓmof hr h¡. {H$grH$mo Q>moH$ZoH$mZ h_ AnZm A{YH$ma _mZVo h¢; Am¡a Z h_| ^r Q>moH$ZoH$m AÝ` {H$grH$mA{YH$ma ñdrH$maZ| V¡ ma h¢.

ì`pŠV-ŸMmho {M{H$ËgmWu hmo m {M{H$ËgH$ - Ho$ é½U hmoZona {M{H$Ëgmb`_|CgH$s {M{H$Ëgm eŠ` h¡. {M{H$Ëgmb` hr, naÝVw H$^r, é½U hmo Om` Vmo H$hm±OmZmŸ! Bgr Vah CnXoeH$ `m AZwJm_r ì`pŠVH$m Y_©_mJ©go {dM{bV hmo OmZmEH$ d¡ pŠVH$ ñIbZHo$ ê$n_| {JZm Om gH$Vm h¡. naÝVw EH$ Y_©gåàXm`_|CgHo$ AnZo Ym{_©H$ {gÕmÝVm|go {déÕ àH$maH$m gmd©O{ZH$ Y_m©ZwîR>mZŸ(!)H$W_{n d¡ pŠVH$ ñIbZ _mZm Zht Om gH$Vm. h_ Ho$db Bgr gÝX ©_|{gÕmÝVm|H$m CÓmof H$aZm MmhVo h¢.

Bg ñnîQ>rH$aUHo$ gmW EH$ ñnîQ>rH$aU `h ^r Amdí`H$ h¡ {H$ àñVwVdMZmdbrHo$ AZwdmXH$mo {dMmamW© àH$m{eV H$admZo_| gh`moJ àXmZ H$aZodmbog^r _hmZw mdm|H$m h_mao Ûmam àñVwV mdmZwdmXgo gdmªe_| gh_V hmoZm A{Zdm ©Zht h¡, VWm{n gåàXm`_| ì`mßV AkmZ Ed§ A{dMma H$s _moh{ZÐmH$mo VmoS>Zo_|nydm©Mm`m}Ho$ dMZm|H$m àH$me `{X g\$b hmoVm hmo Vmo hmo Om`, ~g BgrgXme`go h_| g^rH$m gh`moJ àmßV hþAm h¡. EVXW© h_ g^r gh`moJràH$meH$ _hmZw mdm|Ho$ Am^mar h¢.

Jmoñdm_r í`m_ _Zmoha26Ÿ&12Ÿ&91

_wå~B©g§`wŠVàH$meZ

45 46

&&Ÿlrh[a…Ÿ&&

{M.Jmo lrd«O{àÒr, lrZraOHw$_maOr, lr_ZmoOOr, lr`moJoeOr, lreaXOr,lrnr yfOr, lrn§H$OOr, lr{_bZOr, lr{dÇ>bOr, lrJmonoeOr, lr yfUOr,lreaXOr _hmoX`,

Amn g^r ñd_mJ©{hV¡frZ²Ho$ Ûmam ào{fV nÌ {_ë`mo; VWm Omo {gÕmÝVdMZmdbr_oZo Amn bmoJZHy§$ Xr hVr dmo r àÌHo$ gmW g§b½ZV`m àmßV B©. ñdY_©{ZîR>mê$ngmhgHo$ gmW AmnZo o dMZmdbr g^r Jmoñdm_rZ²Hy§$ oOr `mHo$ {b o, `m nÌ_|Am¡a H$moB© ^r ~mV {bIdoHo$ nhbo, _¢ öX`gy± y[ae… A{^ZÝXZ Amn g^rZ²Hy§$XoZmo Mmhþ§JmoŸ! Amn g^rZH$s `m {Mañn¥hUr` nhbHo$ {b o AnZmo gåàXm` Amng^r Zd wdH$ZH$mo {MaH¥$Vk ahoJmoŸ!!

`{X AnZo ^rVa lr_hmà yZ²Ho$ d§eO hmodoH$mo boe_mÌ ^r AmË_Jm¡ad eofhmo Vmo; Am¡a `{X AnZo ^rVa `m gåàXm`_| àm_m{UH$ ñdY_m}nXoe àXmZH$adoHo$ AnZo CÎmaXm{`ËdH$mo boe_mÌ ^r gX² md eof hmo Vmo, dMZmdbr_|g§H${bV dMZZ²H$mo AW©; H$moB© ^r VahH$s Am§I{_Mm¡ZrH$s ~mbbrbm H$ao {~ZmgÀMr ñdY_©{ZîR>m Ed§ gË`{ZîR>m gy, AnZoHy§$ ñd_mJm©ZwJm_rZHo$ gm_Zo àH$Q>V`mñdrH$maZmo hr n‹S>oJmo. `mgy _moHy$ Zht bJo h¡ {H$ H$moB© ^r VahHo$ emñÌmW© `mdmX-Oën-{dVÊS>m H$s `m ~ma|_| H$moB© ^r Amdí`H$Vm h¡.

`Wmg§ d Kmo{fV H$m ©H«$_gy§ nyd© hr `m dMZmdbr_| CÕ¥V dMZZHo$ {hÝXr-JwOamVr_| àH$m{eV ^mdmZwdmXH$mo {dVaU, g_rjmW©, _¢ g^r gå~Õ OZZ²Ho$~rM H$ado Om aô`mo hþ±. dm AZwdmX_| _oar ÌwQ>r Š`m h¡ o `{X H$moB© _moHy±$g_PmdoJmo Vmo gM_wM_| _moHy±$ {Za{Ve` àgÝZVm hmo Jr. `{X Ìw{Q>{ZX}e H$aZmoH$moB©Hy$ A{^àoV Zht hmo Vmo BZ dMZZH$mo dm _hme`Ho$ AZwgma gÀMmo ^mdmW©Š`m ho o dmHy$ {X.10,11,12ŸOZdar, 92Ho$ {XZ hmo dodmbr g^m_| {dVaUHo${bò {b{IV `m dr{S>Amo-Amo{S>Amo [aH$m°{S>ªJHo$ {bò _m¡{IH$ê$ngy àñVwVH$aZmo M{h o. `mHo$ {~Zm H$moB© ^r {ZîH$f© {ZH$bZmo g§ d Zht ho. AV… A~_VôX aIZodmbo Omo ^r _hmZw^md hmo` CZHy±$ `m dMZmdbrHo$ ñdm{^àoV^mdmW©Hy$ àH$Q>V`m Kmo{fV H$adoHo$ CÎmaXm{`Ëdgy H$VamZmo Zht M{h o. na A~

^r `{X H$Vamd|Jo Vmo _| CZHy±$ âr g^m_|, `{X _oar YmaUmHo$ AZwgma do n{R>Vh| Vmo, _oao AZwdmXgy± gh_V Kmo{fV H$a Xy±Jmo. AÝ`Wm _oar YmaUmHo$ AZwgmaAn{R>V hmo dono ^{dî`_| {gÕmÝV{df`H$ {ZU© mW© A`mo½` ì`pŠV Kmo{fV H$aXy±Jmo.

Amem ho {H$ A~ Vmo _VôX aIZodmbo _hmZw^md Y_m©Mm`m}{MVñdY_©{ZYm©aUgmhg ~Q>moaHo$ gm_Zo Am |Jo. AÝ`Wm amoVo ~ÀMmZHy$ Mwn H$adoHy±$CZHo$ _y±h_| ehX bJmHo$ O¡go a~aH$s Q>m|Q>r aIr Om` d¡gr hr hmñ`mñnX pñW{VàH$Q> hmo Om oJrŸ!

{H$_{YH§$ gwkofwŸ?

^dXr`(Jmoñdm_r í`m_ _Zmoha)

47 48

Ÿ&&Ÿlrh[a…Ÿ&&

Ÿ&&ŸdMZmdbrŸ&&(Ÿ{hÝXr-^mfm^mdmZwdmX-g{hVmŸ)

ŸO`{V lrdëb^m`m} O`{V M {dÆ>boída…à w… lr_mZ²Ÿ&nwéfmoÎm_íM V¡íM {Z{X©îQ>m nwpîQ>nÕ{VO© {VŸ&&

lrdëb^_Vmä`mgo H¥$n`m oZ Xr{jV…Ÿ&&Xr{jV§ V_h§ Zm¡{_ lrVmVMaU§ gXmŸ&&

lrdmŠnVodm©JZwJm{_Zm§ d¡ gÚ…ñdH$V©ì`{d{ZíM`m`Ÿ&H¥$Vmo _`m VÛMZmZwdmX… nwînmonhmamon_ Ef ZyZ_²Ÿ&

ñdbm^nyOmW©namÙmZm§ VXr`{gÕmÝV{dbmonH$mZm_²Ÿ&^doV² IbmZm§ Ibw _ñVHo$fw nXàhmamon_ EfEdŸ&&

1 godmonXoeXrjm-{df`H$_ybdMZm{Z

(H$)na_Ì Z gd}fm§ \$b_wIm{YH$ma…; {H$ÝVw ofw ^JdËH¥$nm, H¥$nmn[akmZ§ M

_mJ©éÀ`m {ZíMr`Vo. VÌ Am{XV… gmYZm{Z AmhŸ-ŸŸH¥$îUgodm na§ drú` Xå^m{Xa{hV§ Za_²Ÿ&lr^mJdVVÎdk§ OoV² {OkmgwamXamV²Ÿ&&

(V.Xr.{Z.2Ÿ&227)"H¥$îUgodmna_²'B{V. `mo {h Jwé… godm_² CnXoú`{V g ñd § MoV² Vm§ CÎm_m§

OmZr`mV² VXm H$W§ ñd § Z Hw$`m©{X{V "godmna'Ed Jwé…. VÌm{n {Z{_Îmm{Zdma`{V "Xå^m{Xa{hV_²'B{V. godmM à_mU_yb¡d nwéfmW©n ©dgm{`Zr. AÝ`Wm_Z{g AÝ`X² {dYm` AÝ`Wm H$aUo Z \$b{g{Õ… B{V A{^àmòU Amh"lr^mJdVVÎdk_²'B{V. "{Okmgw' ZVw H$m¡VwH$mÚm{dîQ>…. "ÔZ§'Ÿ-Ÿgd© mdoZŸ-ŸVXm VXwŠVàH$maoU ^JdËgodm H$V©ì`m.

(V.Xr.{Z.à.2Ÿ&227)

"drú`' BË`ZoZ _mJm©ÝVamX² AÌ d¡bjÊ § km{nV_². "B©j'Xe©Zm‘>Z`mo…,"{d'Zm M gå`ŠËd§ narjUo ÚmoË`Vo. VWmM VÝÌoŸ-Ÿ""Jwé… narj oV² {eî`_²''B{V dmŠ`mV² {eî`mo `Wm narú`Vo VWm AÌ Jwé…. ZmoMoX² AVmÑeñ`bmoH$mZwJVnewê$nËdmV² VmÑemo AZwgaUo AÝYmZwJmÝYdX² C^md{n nVoVm_².EVXW©_od Ob oXJ«ÝWH$aU§ ko _²...VoZ ~«÷gå~ÝYmo{n \$b_wI… Vñ ¡d B{V{gX²Ü`{V. Ed_² A{YH$magyMZoZ AZ{YH$m ©{n ì`md{V©V….

(V.Xr.{Z.à.AmdaU^“Ÿ:Ÿ2Ÿ&227)

({hÝX-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(H$)Ÿ`h _mJ©, naÝVw, \$bXm`H$ hr {gÕ hmo Eogm A{YH$ma g^rH$m Zht

hmoVm. dh Vmo {OZna ^JdËH¥$nm hmo CÝhrHo$ {bE \$bXm`H$ ~Z nmVm h¡. {H$grì`pŠVna ^JdËH¥$nm h¡ {H$ Zht BgH$m {ZU© Cg ì`pŠVH$mo ^JdËH¥$n¡H$bä`^pŠV_mJ© `m àn{Îm_mJ© _| é{M h¡ `m Zht Bg H$gmoQ>rna Om§MZona {ZpíMV hmonmVm h¡.

{OZna ^JdËH¥$nm h¡ CZHo$ àmaå^V… gmYZm|H$m {Zê$nU H$aVo h¢Ÿ-

H$moB© nwéf H¥$îUgodm_| namÙ h¡ {H$ Zht, Xå^m{X XwJw©Um|go a{hV h¡ {H$ Zht;Am¡a lr_X² mJdVnwamUHo$ __©H$m {dk h¡ {H$ Zht, `h gd©àW_ XoIZm Mm{h oAm¡a V^r {H$gr {OkmgwH$mo Eogo ì`pŠV_| Jwé~w{Õ aIH$a CgHo$ nmg OmZmMm{h o.(V.Xr.{Z.2Ÿ&227)

{Ogo JwéH$s h¡{g`V_| ^JdËgodmH$m CnXoe XoZm h¡ dh ñd § ^JdËgodmH$moCÎm_ _mZVm hmo Vmo ñd`§ ^r ^JdËgodm Š`m| Zht H$aoJmŸ? AV… Jwé VmoH¥$îUgodm_| namÙ hr hmoZm Mm{hò. H¥$îUgodm ^pŠV^mdHo$ Abmdm AÝ`{H$gr ^r {Z{_Îm (X§ -H$m_-bmo -à{VîR>m) Ho$ de H$s OmVr Zht hmoZrMm{h o. AV… JwéH$m Xå^m{X XwJw©Um|go a{hV hmoZm Xygar eV© h¡. `h godm ^r O~

49 50

`Wmon{XîQ> àm_m{UH$ hmo V^r nwéfmW©_| n ©d{gV hmo gH$Vr h¡. AÝ`Wm, ~w{Õ`m öX` _| Hw$N> Am¡a {dMma `m ^md aIH$a, O~ H$moB© godm_| àd¥Îm hmoVm h¡Vmo dh g\$b Zht hmo nmVr h¡. AV… JwéH$m lr^mJdVH$m VÎdk hmoZm ^rAmdí`H$ h¡. Eogo JwéH$mo ImoOZodmbm ì`pŠV {Okmgw hmoZm Mm{h o, Ho$dbH$m¡VwH$ Am{X ^mdm|dmbr _Zmod¥{Îmdmbm Zht. JwéHo$ Ûmam Cn{XîQ> àH$mago V~gd©^mdnyd ©H$ ^JdËgodm_| àd¥Îm hm o OmZm ÔZH$m gÀMm àH$mah¡.(ŸV.Xr.{Z.à.2Ÿ&227Ÿ).

_ybH$m[aH$m_| "drú`'nXH$m à`moJ {H$`m J`m h¡, Bggo AnZo _mJ©H$mAÝ`_mJm]go Hw$N> d¡bjÊ` {gÕ H$aZm A^rîQ> h¡. "B©j' H$m AW© hmoVm h¡Ÿ:"XoIZm-A§{H$V H$aZm'. CgHo$ gmW "{d'CngJ© OmoS>Zona `h AW© ~ZVm h¡ {H${H$gr ì`pŠVH$mo Jwé ~ZmZogo nhbo CgH$m ^br^m±{V n[ajU H$a boZm Mm{h o.VÝÌemñÌ_| O¡go {eî`H$s narjm H$aZoH$m {Z`_ h¡ d¡go hr `hm± JwéH$s narjmH$m{Z`_ h¡. AÝ`Wm, {Og nwéf_| Cpëb{IV bjU Z {_bVo hm|, Cgo bmoH$mZwJVnew g_PZm Mm{h o. EogoH$m AZwgaU H$aZona EH$ A§Ym Xygao A§YoH$m AZwgaUH$aVm hmo Om oJm. Am¡a XmoZm| hr, EH$XygaoHo$ H$maU, EH$gmW hr {Ja|Jo, O~ ^r{Ja|JoŸ! lr_hmà wZo JwéHo$ narjUmW© hr "Ob oX' J«ÝW àH$Q> {H$`m h¡Ÿ...ŸBZgmar ~mVm|H$s gmdYmZr aIZona hr ~«÷gå~ÝYXrjm g\$b hmoVr h¡. Bg Vah~«÷gå~ÝYH$s Xrjm àXmZ H$a nmZodmbm A{YH$mar H$m¡Z hmo gH$Vm h¡ `hgy{MV H$aHo$ lr_hmà wZo `h ^r g_Pm {X`m h¡ {H$ ~«÷gå~ÝYXrjm H¡$goì`pŠVgo Zht boZr Mm{h o.(V.Xr.{Z.à.AmdaU §JŸ:2Ÿ&227).

(I)_mhmËå`kmnZm ¡d ldU§ JwUH$_©Um_²Ÿ&emñÌmUm_wn`moJmo@Ì VÌmH$mL²>jm Jwamo ©doV²Ÿ&&H¥$îUgodmna§ drú` Xå^m{Xa{hV§ Za_²Ÿ&lr^mJdVVÎdk§ OoV² {OkmgwamXamX²Ÿ&&XohÐmoÊ`m {``mgyZm§ na§ nma§ dmå~wYo…Ÿ&JwéUm H$U©YmaoU CÎmm`m© ñdmonXoeV…Ÿ&&

(gmYZXr{nH$m.9-11).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(I)Ÿ^JdÝ_mhmËå`kmZH$s àmpßVHo$ {bò ^JdÒwUm| Ed§ ^JdëbrbmAm|

H$m ldU Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡. emñÌm|H$s Cn`mo{JVm ^r `hm± h¡ Am¡a AVEdJwéH$s ^r Anojm ahVr h¡. AV… H¥$îUgodm_| namÙ, Xå^m{X XwJw©Um|go a{hV;Am¡a lr^mJdVHo$ __©k hmoZoHo$ ê$n_| ^br^m±{V nhMmZ H$a hr {OkmgwH$mo {H$grnwéfH$mo AmXag{hV Jwé ~Zm H$a ÔZ_| àd¥Îm hmoZm Mm{h o. ñdXohH$s S>m|Jrgo^dgmJaH$mo nma H$a boZoH$s BÀN>m aIZodmbm|H$m H$U©Yma ~ZH$a JwéH$mo AnZogXwnXoeÛmam CÝh| nma bJmZm Mm{h o.(gm.Xr.9-11).

(J)joÌà{dîQ>mñVo Mm{n g§gmamoËn{ÎmhoVd… (Ob oX.4).ZZw ~«÷d¡dV} lrH¥$îUOÝ_IÊS>o ""H$ë`mUgyŠVgm_m{Z haoZm©_¡H$_“b§ Hw$d©pÝV

{dH«$ § o d¡ Vofm§ maoU nr{S>Vm'' B{V ~«÷mU§ à{V n¥{WdrdmŠ`mV²Ÿ, ""_ÝZm_{dH«$`r{dàmo Z{h _wŠVmo ^doX² Y«wd§ _¥Ë wH$mbo M _ÝZm_ñ_¥{V_mÌ§ Z {dÚVo'' B{V lrZÝX§à{V ^JdÛmŠ`mÀM Zm_{dH«$`ñ` XmofËdo {eîòä`mo ^JdÝZm_monXoeñ`m{nXmofËdmn{Îm…, VÌ {eî`monT>m¡{H$VJ«hUoZ Zm_{dH«$`gå^dmX² B{V MoV²Ÿ, gË`_².VWm{n JwéËdñ` gmh{OH$~«m÷Ud¥{ÎmËdoZ AË`mÁ`ËdmV²Ÿ...ŸEdÄM M V² à wMaU¡…CŠV§ ""{dMm £d gXm Xo § H¥$îUZm_ {deofV… A{dMm[aVXmZoZ ñd § XmVm {dZí`{V''B{V; VÌm{n ñdñ` {eî`ñ` M CÕma§ {dMm £d Xo _². bmo mX² A{dMm[aVXmZoVw Zm_{dH«$`mnÎ`m XmVm ñd`_² AnamY^mJ² ^d{V B{V AWm} ko ….

(Ob oX.lrnwéfmoÎm_OrH¥$V.{dd¥{V 4).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(J)ŸKaJ¥hñWrHo$ {Zdm©hmW© ^JdÒwUJmZ H$aZodmbm|Ho$ _wIgo gwZr hþB©

^JdËH$Wm g§gmamgpŠVH$mo ~T>mZodmbr hmoVr h¡.(O. o.4).

`hm± EH$ àíZ CR>Vm h¡ {H$ ~«÷d¡dV©nwamUHo$ lrH¥$îUOÝ_I§S>_|

51 52

""H$ë`mUgyŠVgm_m{Z haoZm©_¡H$_“b§ Hw$d©pÝV {dH«$ § o d¡ Vofm§ maoU nr{S>Vm''~«÷mOrH$mo H$ho J o Bg n¥ÏdrHo$ dMZHo$ AmYmana; VWm ""_ÝZm_{dH«$`r {dàmoZ{h _wŠVmo doX² Y«wd§ _¥Ë wH$mbo M _ÝZm_ñ_¥{V_mÌ§ Z {dÚVo'' lrZÝXH$mo H$ho J oBg ^JdÛMZHo$ AmYmana ^r, ^JdÝZm_Ho$ {dH«$`H$mo Xmofê$n _mZm J`m h¡.Eogr pñW{V_| Jwé |Q> YaZodmbo {eî`H$mo ^r ^JdÝZm_monXoe Xmofê$n {gÕ hmoOm oJm. Š`m|{H$ {eî`Ûmam aIr J`r |Q>H$mo ^r ñdrH$maZm EH$ Vahgo Zm_{dH«$`hr Vmo hþdmŸ! `h ~mV Vmo R>rH$ hr h¡ {\$a^r JwéËd ~«m÷Um|H$s ghO Ed§emñÌmZw_mo{XV d¥{Îm h¡, AV… Cgo Ë`mÁ` Zht _mZr Om gH$VrŸ...ŸBgr Vah Omo~mV à wMaUZo H$hr h¡ ""nmÌmnmÌH$m {dMma H$aHo$ hr Hw$N> XmZ H$aZm Mm{h o,lrH¥$îUHo$ Zm_Ho$ XmZ_| Vmo BgH$s Amdí`H$Vm Am¡a A{YH$ h¡, Š`m|{H$ {~Zm{dMmao CgH$m XmZ H$aZo na ñd § Zm_XmZH$Vm©H$m hr {dZme hmo OmVm h¡'', AV…AnZo Am¡a {eî`Ho$ CÕmaH$s Ho$db ^mdZmde Zm_Xrjm àXmZ H$aZona Xmof ZhtbJVm. AÝ`Wm bmo Ho$ H$maU nmÌmnmÌHo$ {dMma {H$ o {~Zm Zm_Xrjm àXmZH$aZm EH$ àH$maH$m Zm_{dH«$` hr h¡, {OgHo$ H$maU XrjmXmVm AnamYr ~ZOmVm h¡ (lrnwéfmoÎm_OrH¥$V O. o.{dd¥{V 4).

(K)gM Xwb© B{V VoZm{n dŠVì`àH$ma_² AmhŸ-

VX^mdo ñd § dm{n _y{Vª H¥$Ëdm hao… Šd{MV²Ÿ&n[aM`mª gXm Hw$`m©V² VÐyn§ VÌM pñWV_²Ÿ&&

"VX^mdo' B{V. "Šd{MX²'Ÿ- Xoe{deofo gËn[anpÝWZm_² A^md wŠVo, "hao…_y{V© H¥$Ëdm' ÔoV². A`_od Añ` _mJ©ñ` àH$ma… CÎm_…, `V² _yVm£ H¥$V§ gdª^Jd{V H¥$V§ ^d{V.

(V.Xr.{Z.à.2Ÿ&228).

ZZw AÌ _ybEd Hw$R>manmV B{V AmH$mL²>jm`m§ H$bo… ~{bîR>ËdoZ A{J«_ofwJwébjUm^md_² AmbmoÀ` ñdpñ_ÝZod EVÝ_mJu`JwéËd§ {Z`ÀN>ÝV Amhþ…"gM'ŸBË`m{X. "VX^mdo'ŸBË`m{X AmkmnZmX² BX§ kmËdm H$aUo ""`pñËdÀN>`mH¥$V… nwpåâm^mgmo øml_mËn¥WJ²'' B{V Am^mgËdm^md… godm`m…,

V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYmoŠV-_m¡T>çm^mdíM godmH$Vw©… gm{YV… ñd`_od godmH$aUo{nàH$ma{deofgÝXoho VmÑem `{X {_bpÝV VXm àH$mam§eo àîQ>ì`m… BË`{n gy{MV_².

(V.Xr.{Z.à.Am. §.2Ÿ&228).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(K)ŸEogm Jwé Vmo ~S>r H${R>ZmB©go hr {_b gH$Vm h¡ AV… H$^r Z {_bZona

Š`m H$aZm Mm{h o `h A~ {XIbm`m Om ahm h¡Ÿ-

Eogo JwéHo$ Z {_bZona ^JdmZH$s _y{V©H$mo AnZm AmamÜ` ~Zm H$a CgH$sn[aM`m©-ÔZ Vmo gXm H$aZm hr Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$ _y{V©_| JdmZH$m ê$n Ed§ gÎdXmoZm| hr {dÚ_mZ hmoVo h¢.

{H$gr Eogo Xoe_| {H$ Ohm± gÁOZm|go Xwì ©dhma H$aZodmbo bmoJ Z ahVo hm|,h[aH$s _y{V©H$mo (AnZm AmamÜ`) ~ZmH$a ÔZ H$a boZm Mm{h o. ÔZH$m `hràH$ma Eogr AdñWm_| Bg _mJ©_| CÎm_ h¡. Omo-O¡gm Hw$N> ^JdÝ_y{V©Ho$ {b o{H$`m OmVm h ¡ Cgo gmjmV ² ^JdXmamYZ hr g_P boZm Mm{hò(V.Xr.{Z.à.2Ÿ&228).

`hm± EH$ Eogr e§H$m CR>Vr h¡ {H$ {OgHo$ H$maU Bg ~mVHo$ _ybna hrHw$R>mamKmV hmo OmVm h¡. O¡gm Jwé lr_hmà wHo$ AZwgma Bg _mJ©_| Ano{jV h¡d¡go bjUdmbm ì`pŠV AmJo MbH$a ~bdmZ² H${b wJHo$ H$maU CnbãY ZhmoVm Vmo Š`m H$aZm Mm{h o Bg g_ñ`mHo$ g_mYmZê$noU lr_hmà w EVÝ_mJu`JwéËd ñd § hr _| àñWm{nV H$aVo hþdo H$hVo h¢ {H$ {Z{X©îQ> bjU wŠV JwéHo$ Z{_bZona ñd`_od ^JdËgodm_| àd¥Îm hmo OmZm Mm{h o. Bg VahH$s lr_hmà wH$shr Amkm h¡ {Ogo {eamoYm © H$aZm hr Mm{h o, Eogr ^mdZm aIVo hþdo Omo ñd §hr JdËgodm_| àd¥Îm hmo OmVm h¡, CgHo$ Ûmam H$s OmVr JdËgodm_| ""`pñËdÀN> mH¥$V… nwpåâm^mgmo ô`ml_mV² n¥WH²$'' Bg dMZ_| {ZpÝXV Y_m© mgVm-nmfÊS>H$mAmamon Zht bJVmŸ; Am¡a Bgr Vah V¥Vr`ñH$ÝY_| {ZpÝXV _yT>VmH$m Amamon ^rgodmH$Vm©na Zht bJ gH$Vm. ñd § hr godm_| àd¥Îm hmoZona r JdËgodmgå~ÝYr

53 54

{H$gr àH$ma{deofHo$ {Okmñ` hmoZona {H$gr d¡go OmZH$ma ^JdXr`H$mo {_bH$aHw$N> nyN>-OmZ boZo_| H$moB© Amn{Îm Zht h¡, `h ^r gy{MV hmoVm h¡(V.Xr.{Z.à.Am. §.2Ÿ&228).

2 godmñdê$n

(H$)EVXod godmñdê$n_² B{V Amhþ… "MoV²' B{VŸ-Ÿ

MoVñVËàdU§ godm VpËgÕç¡ VZw{dÎmOmŸ&CŠVgodmgmYZo BVao B{V Amhþ… "VX²' B{V. {dÎm§ XÎdm AÝ oZ nwéfoU H¥$Ëdm

H$m[aVm EH$m, EVmÑeoZ nw§gm H¥$Vm M Anam, EVmÑí`m¡ Vo VËgm{YHo$ Z B{VA{^àm`kmnH§$ g_ñV§ nX_². EVoZ ^JdXWª {Zén{Y-ñdgd©ñd-{ZdoXZ-nyd©H§$VÌ¡d ñdXoh{d{Z`moJo àopåU OmVo gm ^d{V B{V ^md….

Ÿ(Ÿlrà^wMaUH¥$V-{gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr-{dd¥{Îm 2).VX² MoX² {dÎm§ doVZËdoZ XÎdm H$m ©Vo VXm gm {MÎmñ` amOgËd§ Hw$d©ÝVr

{MÎmñ` VËàdUËd§ Z H$amo{V. `{X M {dÎm§ doVZËdoZ J¥hrËdm {H«$`Vo VXmF$pËdOmo `mJdV² ñdñ` VËàdUËdê$n§ \$b§ Z gmY`{V.

({g._w.{d.àH$me.2)

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(H$)ŸH¥$îUgodmH$m `hr ñdê$n h¡ Eogm "MoVg²...'Ûmam lr_hmà w g_PmZm

MmhVo h¢Ÿ-MoVg²Ÿ=Ÿ{MÎmH$m H¥$îU_| àdUŸ=ŸVÝ_` hmoZm hr godm h¡. dh {MÎmH$s

H¥$îUàdUVmê$n H¥$îUgodm {gÕ hmoVr h¡ VZw{dÎmOm godm H$aZogo.

{MÎmH$mo H¥$îUàdU ~ZmZoHo$ gmYZ AÝ` (=VZw Am¡a {dÎm) h¢ Eogm {Zê$nUH$a aho h¢ "VX²...'BË`m{X. EH$ àH$ma godmH$m `h ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ dh {dÎmXoH$a {H$gr AÝ` nwéfÛmam H$am br Om o; Am¡a Xygam àH$ma `h ^r hmo gH$Vm

h¡ {H$ dh godm {H$gr Xygaogo {dÎm boH$a H$s Om o. Eogo XmoZm| àH$mam|go H$s OmVrgodmAm|go {MÎm H$^r H¥$îUàdU hmo Zhr gH$Vm. Bg AnZo A{^àm`H$mo àH$Q>H$aZoH$mo lr_hmà wZo "VZw{dÎmOm'Ÿê$n g_ñVnXH$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡. Bggo `h{gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ {H$gr ^r VahHo$ bm¡{H$H$ ^mdm|Ho$ AmYrZ hþdo {~Zm AnZogd©ñdH$m {ZdoXZ ^JdmZ²H$mo H$aHo$, AnZo XohH$m ^r ^JdXW© {d{Z`moJ H$aZona,O~ ^JdËào_ àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ V~ H$ht OmH$a {MÎm H¥$îUàdU hmo nmVm h¡({g._w.{d.2).

dh Amä`ÝVa^pŠVgmYH$ ~mømonm`, `{X {H$gr AÝ` VZwOm godmHo$ H$Vm©H$mo doVZ-VZwOmŸgodmHo$ _yë`-Ho$ ê$n_| {dÎm XoH$a, H$am`m OmVm h¡ V~ dh{dÎmOm godm hþB©Ÿ, Omo {MÎmH$mo amOg^mdŸ=ŸXn©-Xå^m{Xgo wŠV ~Zm XoVr h¡, naH¥$îUàdU Zhr ~Zm nmVr. `{X {H$gr AÝ`go doVZ VZwOm godmHo$ _yë`Ho$ ê$n_|{dÎm J«hU H$aHo$ VZwOm godm H$s OmVr h¡, V~ nwamo{hVm|H$mo O¡go `k-`mJH$m\$b Zhr {_bVm d¡go hr XygaoHo$ {dÎmgo VZwOm godm H$aZodmboH$mo r H¥$îUàdUVmê$n\$b H$^r Zhr {_bVm ({g._w.{d.àH$m 2).

(I)""`X² X² BîQ>V_§ bmoHo$Ÿ...ŸVV² H¥$îUo gmY oX² Y«wd_²''. JdËgodm`m_{n pŠbîQ>§

Z g_n© oV²...gÝ_mJm}nm{O©V§, Z AÝ ofm§ mJê$n_²Ÿ...ŸBVa{ZfoYmW©_² EVX² CŠV_².Ÿ(V.Xr.{Z.à.2Ÿ&236).

ZZw ^dVw Ed§ VWm{n ^Jd{V `V² g_n©Ur § VX² CÎm__od g_n©Ur`{_{VVXW©_ ²••A{YH$_{n bm oH$mZ waÄOZmÚWª à{V~ÝYH${Zd ¥Î`Wª M...bm¡{H$H$MmVw`©àmßVm¡ nwZ… ~m{h_w ©»`àmpßV[a{V VpÝZd¥Î`W©_² Amhþ…Ÿ-"^JdX²'ŸBË`m{X. VWmM Ed_² ApŠbîQ>ñ` gÝ_mJ}U CnmO©Zo VmdX² A{n VÝZ^{dî`{V B{V AW©… EVXod ~moY{`Vw_² Amhþ… "BVa' BË`m{X.

(V.Xr.{Z.à.Am. §.2Ÿ&236).({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)

(I) ""Omo Hw$N> bmoH$_| BîQ>V_ h¡Ÿ...ŸCgo H¥$îUH$s godm_| bJmZm Mm{h o.''

55 56

^JdËgodm_| ^r Šboe`wŠV gm_J«rH$m g_n©U Zht H$aZm Mm{hòŸ...Ÿgodm_|g_{n©V H$s OmZodmbr gm_J«r ^r gÝ_mJ©go Cnm{O©V H$s JB© hmoZr Mm{h o, Eogr{H$ {Og_| {H$gr XygaoH$m {hñgm Z hmoŸ...Ÿ AÝ` àH$mago Cnm{O©V gm_J«rHo$godm_| {d{Z`moJHo$ {ZfoYmW© `h ~mV H$hr JB© h¡ (V.Xr.{Z.à.2Ÿ&236).

`hm± Eogr e§H$m CR>Vr h¡ {H$ ^JdËgodm_| Omo H$moB© dñVw `m gm_J«r^JdmZH$mo g_{n©V H$aZr h¡ dh CÎm_ Vmo hmoZr hr Mm{h o VXW©; Bgr VahbmoJm|H$mo Iwe H$aZoH$mo AWdm à{V~§YH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo$ {b o ^r A{YH$ ^r g_{n©VH$aZoHo$ {b o, Hw$N> bm¡{H$H$ MVwamB© Vmo AnZmZr hr hmoJr. Bg Vah {\$a ~{h©_wIhmo OmZoH$s g§^mdZm n¡Xm hmo OmVr h¡. Bg e§{H$V ~{h_w©IVmH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo$Cnm`H$mo g_PmZoHo$ {b o lr_hmà wZo "^JdV²...' nXH$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡. BgVah Šboea{hV dñVw ^r gÝ_mJ©go Cnm{O©V hmo Vmo àm`… ~{h_w©IVm nZn Zhtnm oJr Eogm Ame` h¡. `hr ~mV g_PmZoHo$ {b o lr_hmà wZo "AÝ`...'nXH$mà`moJ {H$`m h¡ (V.Xr.{Z.à.Am. §.2Ÿ&236).

(J) ñd_mJu`àH$mamo@ § gdm}{n {h {Zê$ß`VoŸ& J¥hrËdm Zm_ eaU§ JËdm gdª g_ß © MŸ&& godmgmW©H$Vm{gÕç¡ XohmXrZm§ VWm nwZ…Ÿ& AÝ`Ìm{d{Z`moJm` {H«$`Vm§ VZw{dÎmOmŸ&&

(lrh[aamÒrH¥$V-ñd_mJu`-eaU-g_n©U-godm-{Zê$nU_².1-3).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(J)Ÿñd_mJu` gmYZmH$m `h gmam àH$ma {Zê${nV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ:ŸZm_J«hU

H$aHo$, eaUXrjm boH$a; Am¡a g~ Hw$N> g_{n©V H$aHo$ godm VWm Xohm{X H$sgmW©H$Vm {gÕ H$aZoH$mo {Oggo Xohm{XH$m H$ht AÝ`Ì {d{Z`moJ Z hmo Om`,VZw{dÎmOm godm H$aZr Mm{h o (ñd.e.g.go.{Z.1-3).

(K)`ñVw ñd_mJu`-godmñdê$n-kmZm^mddmZ² _mJ©arË`m lÕ`m `WmH$WpÄMV²

ñdê$ngodm§ MoV² H$amoVr{V VËgodm`m… Ho$db^m¡{VH$ËdmV² ""bmoH$mWu MoX² ÔoV²H¥$îU_²'' B{V Ý`m`ñ` OmVËdmV² VXm gd©Wm g§pŠbîQ>mo ^d{V, VXmÔZË`mJ….(ñdê$nVmaVå`{ZU©`).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(K)Ÿ{Ogo ñd_mJu` godm-ñdê$nH$m kmZ Z hmo Eogm ì`pŠV O~ Bg _mJ©H$s

_mÌ ê${T>Ho$ AZwgma, lÕmnyd©H$ hr ghr, `WmH$W§{MV² ñdê$ngodm H$aVm h¡ VmoEogr godm Ho$db Am{Y^m¡{VH$ godm hmoVr h¡ AV… ""bmoH$mWu MoX² ÔoV²H¥$îU_²...'' Ý`m`Ho$ AZwgma Eogr godm H$aZodmbm Šboe hr nmVm h¡. EogrpñW{V_| ÔZ N>moS> XoZm Mm{h o (ñd.Vm.{Z.).

3 godmàXe©Z

(H$)^JdX² mdñ` agmË_H$ËdoZ JwßVñ ¡d A{^d¥{Õñd^mdH$ËdmX² Aml_Y_£aod

bmoHo$ ñd§ ^JdX² md_² AZm{dîHw$d©Z² ÔoV² BË oVXme oZ Vo Y_m© CŠVm…. JmonZo_w» § hoVw_² Amh "AÝd`mX²' B{V. `Vmo ^JdVm g__² AÝd §Ÿ=Ÿgå~ÝY§ àmß`dV©Vo, AVmo hoVmo… VWm. AÌ ""ë`ãbmono nÄM_r'' EVoZ `mdX² AÝV…H$aUogmjmV² à^mo àmH$Q>ç§ ZmpñV, VmdXod ~{ham{dîH$aU§ ^d{V, àmH$Q>ço Vw Z VWmgå^d{V B{V km{nV_².

Ÿ(AUw mî`.3Ÿ&4Ÿ&49).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)

(H$)Ÿ^JdX² mdHo$ agmË_H$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU dh JwßV ahVm h¡ V^r d¥qÕJVhmo gH$Vm h¡. AV… bmoH$_| Aml_Y_m}H$s AmoQ>_| AnZo ^JdX² mdH$mo {N>nm oaIZm Mm{h o. Bgr Ame`go JdX² mdHo$ gmW-gmW Aml_Y_m}H$m r {Zê$nU{H$`m J`m h¡. {OgHo$ öX`_| ^JdmZ {~amOVo Zht h¡ dhr ì`pŠV AnZo ^mdm|H$moOZVm_| àX{e©V H$a gH$Vm h¡. à w `{X öX`_| {~amOVo AZw yV hm| Vmo ^mdm|H$m

57 58

~mha Am{dîH$aUŸ=ŸàXe©Z gå^d Zht h¡ (AUw mî` 3Ÿ&4Ÿ&49).

(I)ñdr`mZ² ŠVmZ² àXe© oV².

(gmYZXr{nH$m.108)

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(I)ŸOmo AnZo ñdOZ hm| Am¡a ŠV hm| Eogm¢H$mo hr lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ Xe©Z H$amZo

Mm{h o (gmYZXr{nH$m.108)

(J)38V_mo AnamY…Ÿ=ŸJwéXodV`mo… JwßVàH$Q>rH$aU_². \$b§Ÿ=ŸídmZ`mo{ZÌ`_².11AnamY…Ÿ=ŸAd¡îUdñ` ñdgoì`àXe©Z_². \$b§Ÿ=Ÿdm{f©H$godm-{Zî\$bËd_².

àm`píMÎm§Ÿ=ŸnÄMm_¥VñZmZ_².36V_mo AnamY…Ÿ=Ÿ^JdÝZmåZm `mMZ_². \$b_²Ÿ=ŸCnMmaZ¡î\$b_²

àm`píMÎm§Ÿ=ŸnÄMJw{UV-Z¡d¡Ú-XmZ_².35V_mo AnamY…Ÿ=ŸJwdm©kmoëb”Z_². \$b_²Ÿ=ŸA{gnÌm{X-Kmoa-ZaH$-nmV….

àm`píMV_²Ÿ=Ÿd¡îUd-Jwé-àgmXZ_².(lrh[aamÒr-{da{MV-fQ²>npîR>anamYñVË\$bm{Z-àm`píMÎmm{Z-M).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(J)Ÿ38dm§ AnamYŸ:ŸJwé `m X¡dVŸ(=lrR>mHw$aOr gå~ÝYr ~mVm|)ŸHo$ JwßV-

ahñ`-H$mo àH$Q> H$aZm. \$bŸ:ŸVrZ OÝ_m| VH$ ídmZ`mo{Z.11dm§ AnamYŸ:ŸAd¡îUdHo$ g_j AnZo Ka_| {~amOVo lrR>mHw$aOrH$m àXe©Z

H$aZm. \$bŸ:ŸEH$ df©H$s godm {Zî\$b hmo OmVr h¡. àm`píMVŸ:ŸlrR>mHw$aOrH$mon§Mm_¥Vgo ñZmZ H$amZm.

36dm§ AnamYŸ:ŸlrR>mHw$aOr (`m lr^mJdVOr `m lr`_wZmOr) Ho$ Zm_go("ôQ>', "gm_J«r', "nmoWrgodm' `m "Ý`moN>mda') _m§JZm. \$bŸ:Ÿgodm gd©Wm

{Zî\$b hmo OmVr h¡. àm`píMVŸ:Ÿ{OVZm _m§Jm `m ~Q>moam hmo Cggo nm§MJwZoZ¡doÚH$m à wH$mo XmZ (Zht {H$ g_n©UŸ!) H$aZm.

35dm§ AnamYŸ:ŸJwé-lr_hmà^w Am{X-H$s AmkmH$m Cëb§KZ H$aZm.\$bŸ:ŸA{gnÌm{X Zm_m|dmbo Kmoa ZaH$m|_| nVZ. àm`píMVŸ:Ÿd¡îUd Am¡a Jwé H$moàgÝZ H$aZm (lrh[a.{d.fQ²>.).

4 godmà`moOZ

(H$)ŸZ bm¡{H$H$… à w… H¥$îUmo _ZwVo Z¡d bm¡{H$H$_²Ÿ&^mdñVÌmß`ñ_Xr`… gd©ñdíM¡{hH$íM g…Ÿ&&nabmoH$íM VoZm § gd© mdoZ gd©WmŸ&goì`… gEd Jmonremo {dYmñ`Ë`{Ib§ {h Z…Ÿ&&

({ejmnÚm{Z)

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(H$)ŸZ Vmo lrH¥$îU bm¡{H$H$ à w h¡ Am¡a Zhr do H$^r bm¡{H$H$ mdH$m A“rH$ma

hr H$aVo h¢. h_mam md Vmo lrH¥$îUHo$ ~mao_| hr h¡ {H$ lrH¥$îU hr h_mao gd©ñd h¢,Eo{hH$ r Am¡a nmabm¡{H$H$ r. Bg{b o gd© mdgo gd©Wm goì` do Jmonre hr h¢. dohr h_mam g~ Hw$N> H$a|Jo ({ejmnÚ).

(I) ""bm¡H$mWu MoX² OoV² H¥$îU§ pŠbîQ>mo d{V gd©WmŸ&''

(Ÿ{g._w.16Ÿ).

ZZw H$píMX² Or{dH$mÚW©_{n OVo Vñ` H$m J{V…Ÿ? BË`V Amhþ… "bmoH$mWu'B{V. "bmoH$'nXoZ bm¡{H$H$mo AW©… CÀ`Vo. VXWu MoV² H¥$îU§ ÔoV² VXm ì`mnmadX²AW} {gÕo Vñ`m{n AZW©ê$nËdoZ VËH¥$VÔZñ` ^pŠVËdm^mdmV² VËH¥$V§ gdª

59 60

Šboeê$n_od, AV… pŠbîQ>mo ^d{V B{V AW©…. Z Ho$db_² Eo{hH$… Šboe… {H$ÝVwnabmoH$mo{n Zí`{V {Z{fÕmMaUm{X{V "gd©Wm' B{V CŠV_². `ñ` ñdën_{n kmZ§g Z¡d§ H$amo{V; gd©Wm VÐ{hV… H$píMX² Ed§ Hw$`m©X{n B{V "MoX²' B{V CŠV_²Ÿ.

(lrà^wMaU{da{MV-{g._w.{dd¥{Îm.16).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(I)Ÿ""`{X H$moB© bmoH$mWu hmoH$a H¥$îUH$m OZ H$aVm h¡ Vmo dh gd©Wm Šboe

hr nmVm h¡.''(Ÿ{g._w.16).

H$moB© AmOr{dH$m H$_mZo `m èAm{X nmZoHo$ {b o ^r ÔZ H$aVm hmo VmoCgH$s Š`m J{V hmoJrŸ? Eogr {OkmgmHo$ g_mYmZê$noU lr_hmà w "bmoH$mWu'ŸH$sMMm© H$a aho h¡. "bmoH$'H$m _Vb~ h¡ bm¡{H$H$ YZm{X. Eogr bm¡{H$H$ H$m_ZmaIZodmbm `{X H¥$îUH$m ÔZ H$aVm hmo V~ O¡go K§Km H$aZo na YZm{X àmßVhmoVm h¡ d¡go YZ Vmo H$_m`m Om gH$Vm h¡. ÔZÛmam, naÝVw, Cnm{O©V YZ Vmoñd § AZW©ê$n hmoVm h¡. AV… Ego bm¡H$mWuHo$ Ûmam {H$`m J`m ÔZ Vmo ^pŠVhr Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU CgHo$ Ûmam {H$`m J`m g~ Hw$N> (nm[adm[aH$-gm_m{OH$-gm§àXm{`H$) Šboeê$n hr hmoVm h¡. Bg{b o dh ì`pŠV ^r Šboe hr nmVm h¡.Eogm lr_hmà wHo$ dMZH$m gm\$gm\$ AW© h¡. Z Ho$db Cgo Eo{hH$Ÿ(Ÿnm[adm[aH$-gm_m{OH$-gm§àXm{`H$Ÿ)ŸŠboe hr hmoVm h¡ àË wV CgHo$ gmao nmabm¡{H$H$ A{YH$maEd§ \$b ^r ZîQ> hmo OmVo h¢, Eogo {Z{fÕmMaUHo$ H$maU, `h ñnîQ> H$aZoHo$ {b olr_hmà^wZo "gd©Wm'ŸnXH$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡. {Ogo (emñÌ-_mJ©-naånam-^JdËñdê$n-^pŠV^md-Zr{VH$m) AË`ën^r kmZ hmo dh Vmo Eogm Hw$H¥$Ë` ZhtH$a gH$Vm h¡. {\$a ^r Omo Bg kmZ `m g§ñH$ma go gd©Wm hr a{hV hmo dh EogmHw$H¥$Ë` H$Xm{MV² H$^r H$a gH$Vm h¡. Eogr g§ mdZmH$mo XoIVo hþE lr_hmà wZo"MoX²'nXH$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡.(lrà w.{d.{g._w.{d.16).

(J)Vñ` godm§ àHw$duV mdÁOrd§ ñdY_©V…Ÿ&Z \$bmWª Z moJmWª Z à{VîR>mà{gÕ oŸ&&

lr_XmMm ©_mJ}U ZmÝ oZm{n H$XmMZŸ&Z H$pënVàH$maoU Z Xw m©dg_Ýd`mV²Ÿ&&

({ejmnÌ_² 18Ÿ&12-13).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(J)ŸAnZo _mWo {~amOVo lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm ñdY_© (Ÿñd-VZ-_Z-YZ-

J¥h-n[aOZHo$ hr {d{Z`moJŸ)ŸH$mo {Z^mVo hþE H$aZr Mm{h o, Z {H$gr \$bHo${b o, Z ^moJHo$ {b o; Am¡a Z {H$gr VahH$s à{VîR>m hr àmßV H$aZoHo$ {b o.`h godm ^r lr_XmMm ©MaUÛmam {Z{X©îQ> _mJ©Ho$ AZwgma hr H$aZr Mm{h o(Ÿg§JR>Z-à{ejU-OZH$ë`mUHo$ bmoH$m{^_V VWmH${WV CXmÎm Ame`Ho$Ÿ)H$pënV àH$mam|go Zhr. Am¡a Z Xw m©dŸ({H$gr Xygao gmd©O{ZH$ `m ì`mdgm{`H$Xodmb`m|Ho$ gmW à{VñnYm©)Ÿde hr H$aZr Mm{h o.Ÿ({ejmnÌ.18Ÿ&12-13).

5 godmñWb(H$)~rOXmT>ç©àH$mañVw J¥ho pñWËdm ñdY_©V…...ÔoV² H¥$îU_²...

(^pŠVd{Y©Zr.2)."Vw'ŸeãXoZ EVX{V[aŠVàH$mamÝVaì`wXmg… CŠV… ñd_mJu`^JdX²ÔZ§ Vw

J¥hpñWË`^mdo Z g§^dVr{V nydª J¥hpñW{V_od Amhþ… "J¥ho pñWËdm' B{V.^JdX² OZmZwHy$bo J¥ho pñWËdm ñdY_©V… H¥$îU§ ÔoV²Ÿ.

(lrJmoHw$bZmWOrH¥$V{dd¥{V.2)

AÌ J¥hñWmZ-{dYmZoZ ñdJ¥hm{YpîR>V-ñdê$n-ÔZ-n[aË`mJoZ AÝ`ÌVËH$aUo ^pŠV… Z ^d{V B{V gy{MV§ ^d{V.

(Ÿlrdëb^mË_O-lr~mbH¥$îUOrH¥$V{dd¥{Îm.2Ÿ)

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(H$)Ÿ""nwpîQ>^pŠVHo$ ~rO^mdH$mo ÑT> H$aZoH$m àH$ma Vmo ~g Ka_| ahH$a

61 62

ñdY_©V…Ÿ...ŸH¥$îUH$mo ÔZm h¡.(^pŠVd{Y©Zr.2).`hm§ "Vmo'ŸeãXHo$ à`moJgo `h Üd{ZV hmoVm h¡ {H$ Bg íbmoH$_| A{^àoV

ÔZHo$ àH$mago A{V[aŠV ÔZH$m AÝ` H$moB© ^r àH$ma {gÕmÝVm{^_V Zhth¡. ñd_mJu` ^JdX² OZ Ka_| aho {~Zm g§ d Z hmoZogo gd©àW_ J¥hpñW{VH$mhr {Zê$nU lr_hmà w H$aVo h¢ ""Ka_| ahH$a'' {dYmZ Ûmam. ^JdX² OZmZwHy$bKa_| ah H$a H¥$îUH$mo ÔZm Mm{h o (lrJmo.{d.2).

`hm§ godmon`moJr ñWmZHo$ ê$n_| KaH$m {dYmZ {H$`m J`m h¡ AV… `{X AnZoKa_| {~amOVo à wH$m ÔZ N>mo‹S> H$a Am¡a H$ht ÔZ ( oQ>gm_J«r, _ZmoaW `mPm§Ir Ho$ ê$n_|) {H$`m OmVm h¡ Vmo Cgo "^pŠV' Zht H$hm Om gH$Vmh¡.(Ÿlrdëb.~mb.{d.2Ÿ)

(I)Ÿ JyT>brbmnamo ^ŠVJyT>^mdagmË_H$…Ÿ& godZr`… gmdYmZ¡… {dnarVJ{V{H«$`…Ÿ&& lr_XmMm ©H¥$n`m {VîR>{V ñdJ¥ho h[a…Ÿ& Ed§{dY… gXm hñVo `mo{JZ… nmaXmo `WmŸ&&

({ejmnÌ_².2Ÿ&18-19).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(I)ŸJyT>brbmnamÙ ^ŠVHo$ JyT>^mdmZwgmar {dnarV-J{V-{H«$`m-dmbr

brbm H$aZodmbo lrh[aH$s godm gmdYmZ hmo H$a H$aZr Mm{h o. lr_XmMm ©MaUH$sH¥$nmgo à w AnZo Ka_| {~amOVo h¢. Bg Vah {H$ O¡go `moJrHo$ hmW_| nmamH$sJw{Q>H$m ({ejm.2Ÿ&18-19).

(J)J¥ho pñWËdm godZmWª ñdY_}U¡d gd©WmŸ&H¥$îU§ OoV² Vmo@Y_©H$aUmV² hrZ`mo{ZVmŸ&&

H¥$îU_yVm£ WmbãY¡… Ðì ¡… g§nyO oX² h[a_²Ÿ&nydª ñWmZ§ _pÝXam{X VWm qghmgZm{X MŸ&&

(lrh[aamÒrH¥$V-ñd.e.g.go.{Zê$nU_².45-46).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(J)ŸKa_| ah H$a godm Omo H$aZr h¡ dh gd©Wm ñdY_m©Zwgma hr H¥$îUÔZHo$

ê$n_| H$aZr h¡, Š`m|{H$ AY_© H$aZona hrZ`mo{Z_| OÝ_ {_b gH$Vm h¡. WmbãYÐì`m|go h[aH$m nyOZ CZH$s _y{V©Ho$ ê$n_| H$aZm Mm{h o. h[anyOZgo ^r nhbolrh[aHo$ {~amOZoHo$ ñWmZ-_§{Xam{X Am¡a qghmgZm{X-H$m ^r Ab§H$aUmË_H$nyOZ H$aZm Mm{h o (lrh[a.ñd.e.g.go.{Z.45-46).

(K)"AmMm`©Hw$bmX²' B{V lwË`wŠVarË`m J¥hEd pñWËdm ^JdX²ÔZ§ H$V©ì`§

ñdY_©ahñ § M JmonZr`_² B{V {gÕ_².Ÿ(lrnwéfmoÎm_OrH¥$V-AUw mî`àH$me.3Ÿ&4Ÿ&50).Ÿ

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)""AmMm ©Hw$bmX²'' Bg lw{V_| H$hr JB© ar{VHo$ AZwgma Kahr _| ah H$a

^JdX²ÔZ H$aZm Mm{hò Am¡a AnZo Y_©Ho$ ahñ`H$mo JwßV aIZm Mm{hò(AUw m.à.3Ÿ&4Ÿ&50).

6 goì`ñdê$n(H$)JwßVmo {h ag… agËd_mnÚVo = AJwßVmo ag… agm^mg…ñ`mV².(Ÿgw~mo.10Ÿ&18Ÿ&5Ÿ=Ÿ10Ÿ&56Ÿ&44Ÿ).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(H$)ŸJwßV aIZona hr ag ag ah nmVm h¡Ÿ=ŸàH$Q> hmoZo na dhr ag agm^mg

63 64

~Z OmVm h¡ (gw~mo.10Ÿ&18Ÿ&5Ÿ=Ÿ10Ÿ&56Ÿ&44).

(I)gM Xwb© B{V VoZm{n dŠVì § àH$ma_² AmhŸ-Ÿ

VX^mdo ñd § dm{n _y{Vª H¥$Ëdm hao… Šd{MV²Ÿ&n[aM`mª gXm Hw$`m©V² VÐyn§ M VÌ M pñWV_²Ÿ&&

"VX^md' B{V. "Šd{MX²' Xoe{deofo gËn[anpÝWZm_² A^md wŠVo "hao… _y{VªH¥$Ëdm' ÔoV². A`_od Añ` _mJ©ñ` àH$ma… CÎm_mo `V² _yVm£ H¥$V§ gdª ^Jd{VH¥$V§ ^d{V. VÌ _yV}… ^JdÎd§ ÌoYm {Zê$n`{V "VÐyn_²' B{V. dñVw {dMmaoUgd©ñ` ^JdÐynËdmX² {deofñVw A`_² : ""EZ_² CÕ[aî`m{_'' B{V VXm _¥XmXo…àmXw y©Vmo ^pŠV_mJm©ZwgmaoU Amh "VÌ M pñWV_²' B{V.

(V.Xr.{Z.à.2Ÿ&228).

ZZw AÌ _ybEd Hw$R>manmV B{V AmH$m¬m`m§ H$bo… ~{bîR>ËdoZ A{J«_ofwJwébjUm^md_² AmbmoÀ` ñdpñ_ÝZod EVÝ_mJu`JwéËd§ {Z`ÀN>ÝV Amhþ… "gM'ŸBË`m{X. "VX^md'ŸBË`m{X AmkmnZmX² BX§ kmËdm H$aUo, ""`ñVw BÀN>`m H¥$V…nwpå^… Am^mgmo ô`ml_mV² n¥WJ²'' B{V Am^mgËdm^md… godm`m…V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYmoŠV_m¡T>çm^mdíM godmH$Vw©… gm{YV… ñd`_od godmH$aUo{n àH$ma-{deof-gÝXoho VmÑem `{X {_bpÝV VXm àH$mam§eo àîQ>ì`m… BË`{n gy{MV_²Ÿ.

(V.Xr.{Z.Am.^.2Ÿ&228).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(I)ŸEogm Jwé Vmo ~S>r H${R>ZmB©go hr {_b gH$Vm h¡ AV… H$^r Z {_bZona

Š`m H$aZm Mm{h o `h A~ {XIbm`m Om ahm h¡Ÿ-

Ego JwéHo$ Z {_bZona ^JdmZH$s _y{V©H$mo (AnZm AmamÜ`) ~Zm H$a CgH$sn[aM`m© ÔZ Vmo gXm H$aZm hr Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$ _y{V©_| ^JdmZHo$ ê$n Ed§ gÎdXmoZm| hr {dÚ_mZ hmoVo h¡.

{H$gr Eogo Xoe_| {H$ Ohm§ gÁOZm|go Xwì ©dhma H$aZodmbo bmoJ Z ahVo hm|,h[aH$s _y{V©H$mo (AnZm AmamÜ`) ~ZmH$a ÔZ H$a boZm Mm{h o. ÔZH$m `hràH$ma Eogr AdñWm_| Bg _mJ©_| CÎm_ h¡. Omo-O¡gm Hw$N> ^JdÝ_y{V©Ho$ {b o{H$`m OmVm h ¡ Cgo gmjmV ² ^JdXmamYZ hr g_P boZm Mm{hò(V.Xr.{Z.à.2Ÿ&228).

`hm§ EH$ Eogr e§H$m CR>Vr h¡ {H$ {OgHo$ H$maU Bg ~mVHo$ _ybna hrHw$R>mamKmV hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ- O¡gm Jwé lr_hmà wHo$ AZwgma Bg _mJ©_| Ano{jV h¡d¡go bjUdmbm ì`pŠV AmJo MbH$a ~bdmZ H${b wJHo$ H$maU CnbãY ZhmoVm hmo Vmo Š`m H$aZm Mm{h o, Bg g_ñ`mHo$ g_mYmZê$noU lr_hmà w EVÝ_mJu`JwéËd ñd § hr _| àñWm{nV H$aVo hþdo H$hVo h¡ {H$ {Z{X©îQ> bjU wŠV JwéHo$ Z{_bZo na ñd`_od JdËgodm_| àd¥Îm hmo OmZm Mm{h o. Bg VahH$s lr_hmà wH$shr Amkm h¡ {Ogo {eamoYm © H$aZm hr Mm{h o Eogr ^mdZm aIVo hþdo Omo ñd § hr^JdËgodm_| àd¥Îm hmo OmVm h¡ CgHo$ Ûmam H$s OmVr ^JdËgodm_| ""`ñVw BÀN>`mH¥$V… nwpå^… Am^mgmo ô`ml_mV² n¥WH²$'' Bg dMZ_| {ZpÝXV Y_m© mgVmŸ-ŸnmfÊS>H$m Amamon Zht bJVm, Am¡a Bgr Vah V¥Vr`ñH$ÝY_| {ZpÝXV _yT>VmH$mAmamon ^r godmH$Vm©na Zht bJ gH$Vm. ñd § hr godm_| àd¥Îm hmoZona ^r^JdËgodmgå~ÝYr {H$gr àH$ma{deofHo$ {Okmñ` hmoZona {H$gr d¡go OmZH$ma^JdXr`H$mo {_bH$a nwN>-OmZ boZo _| H$moB© Amn{Îm Zht h¡ `h ^r gy{MV hmoVmh¡ (V.Xr.{Z.à.Am. §.228).

(J)Ÿ JwéXÎmm§ ñd §bãYm§ ^ŠV¡a{n gwny{OVm_²Ÿ& ì §Jm§Jr_{n godoV `{X ^mdmo Z ~mYVoŸ&&

(gmYZXr{nH$m.90).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(J)Ÿ^JdËñdê$n Mmho JwéHo$ Ûmam AnZo _m§Wo nYam`m J`m hmo, `m h_| ñd §

65 66

H$htgo àmßV hmo J`m hmo, `m AÝ` {H$gr ^ŠVHo$ Ûmam gwny{OV hmo; AWdmI§{S>V r Mmho Š`m| Z hmo, naÝVw h¡ Vmo ""AnZo _m§Wo {~amOVm goì`ñdê$n'' Eogm^md Cg ñdê$nHo$ à{V AI§{S>V ahVm hmo ("dmoëQ>oO' H$_ Z bJVo hm|) Vmo Eogoñdê$nH$s hr godm AZÝ`^mdgo H$aZr Mm{h o (gmYZXr{nH$m.90).

(K)Ÿ godm{d{Y… g_J«mo{n H«$_oU¡d {d{b»`VoŸ& àH$mamoÎm_V… nydª _yVm£ godm {dYr`VoŸ&& _yVm£ ^JdVmo kmZ§ gmH$mamdoeVmo _V_²Ÿ& ^pŠV_mJ©àH$maoU kmZVñVw VXmË_VmŸ&& nyOm_mJ} doÝ_ÝÌ{dYmZmV² nyÁ`godZ_²Ÿ& {deofmo ^pŠV_mJ}@ § nwéfmoÎm_ê${nU…Ÿ&& _{Uñne}Z Vm_«m{X gm¡dU©{_d VÎdV…Ÿ& AVñVÌ H¥$V§ gdª gmjmËH¥$îUo H¥$V§ ^doV²Ÿ&&

(lrh[aamÒrH¥$V-ñd.e.g.go.{Zê$nU_².39-41).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(K)ŸA~ g_J« godm{d{Y H«$_e… {bIr OmVr h¡. CÎm_ àH$ma hmoZoHo$ H$maU

àW_ _y{V©H$s godm H$hr OmVr h¡. ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ àH$maHo$ AZwgma _y{V©_| à wH$mkmZ à wHo$ gmH$ma hmoZoHo$ H$maU Ed§ _y{V©_| Am{dîQ> hmoZoHo$ H$maU _mÝ` {H$`mJ`m h¡. kmZH$s ÑpîQ>go XoIm Om o Vmo g~ Hw$N> ^JdXmË_H$ hmoZogo _y{V© ^rgmjmV² ^JdX²ê$n hr h¡. nyOm_mJ©Ho$ AZwgma àmUà{VîR>m-_ÝÌm{X-{d{YHo$H$maU nyOZr` à wH$s godm àmßV hmoVr h¡. ^pŠV_mJ©_|, {H$ÝVw, AÝ` XmoZm|_mJm}H$s Anojm {deofVm `h h¡ {H$ _y{V© ñd`§ nwéfmoÎm_ê$n h¡ (Ÿ{d^y{V,à{V{Z{Y m Ho$db AjamË_H$ ZhtŸ). O¡go nmag_{UHo$ ñne©go Vm§~m Am{X YmVwVÎdV… gwdU© ~Z OmVr h¡ d¡go hr _y{V©Ho$ gmW {H$`m J`m ^ŠË wnMma VÎdV…gmjmV ² lrH ¥ $ îUH o $ à{V {H$`m J`m ^ŠË` wnMma hm o OmVm h ¡(lrh.H¥$V.ñd.e.g.go.{Z.39-41).

(L>)Ÿñd_mJ©goì`ê$nñ` {MÝVZo ar{VéÀ`VoŸ&...VXoH$öX`ñWm`r VX² md… H¥$îUEd {hŸ&brbmghòd{bV… gm_J«rg{hVñVWmŸ&^mdZr`… gXmZÝX… gXm ZÝXm{Xbm{bV…Ÿ&&BX_odmoŠV_² AmMm £… {gÕmÝVñ` {Zê$nUoŸ&""AmË_mZÝXg_wÐñW§ H¥$îU_odo''{V X²dM…Ÿ&&VXme`ñVw {dd¥V… H¥$n ¡d à^mo_© mŸ&AdJË` OZm… gd} {MÝV`ÝVw h[a¨ gXmŸ&&

(lr_Ëà^mopíMÝVZàH$ma….1-13).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(L>)Ÿñd_mJu` goì`ñdê$n {MÝVZH$m àH$ma A~ H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ...ŸnwpîQ>^ŠVHo$

öX`_| pñWV Omo ^pŠV^md h¡ dh {ZpíMV lrH¥$îU hr h¢ Omo {H$ AZoH$brbm wŠV h¢ Am¡a CZ brbmAm|H$s gm_J«r g{hV {~amO_mZ h¢. d¡go gXmZÝXAm¡a gXm lrZÝXm{X d«O^ŠVm| Ûmam goì`_mZ lrH¥$îUH$m hr ^mdZ H$aZmMm{h o. {gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr_| ""AmË_mZÝXg_wÐ_| pñWV lrH¥$îUH$m hr {MÝVZH$aZm Mm{h o'' Bg dMZÛmam lr_hmà wZo `h hr ~Vm`m h¡. à wH$s H¥$nmgo hrCgHo$ Ame`H$m _|Z| {ddaU {H$`m h¡. CZH$s H¥$nmgo ñd_mJu` {MÝVZH$mñdê$n OmZHo$ gd© nwpîQ>_mJuÒZ gXm h[aH$m {MÝVZ H$a| Eogr _oar ew H$m_Zmh¡ (lrh[a.lr.à^mo.{MÝV.à.1-13).

(M)Ÿ^pŠV_mJ©pñWV¡… lr_XmMm ©nXg§{lV¡…Ÿ&goì`_mZ§ gXm md¡… {ZamoY§ gmY oX² Y«wd_²Ÿ&&

(ñd_mJu`ñdê$nñWmnZàH$ma…18).({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)

(M)Ÿlr_XmMm ©MaUm|Ho$ Aml` nmZoHo$ gm¡ m½èmbr Eogo ^pŠV_mJu`m|Ûmam

67 68

nwpîQ>^mdm|go (Ÿàdmhr ^mdm|go ZhtŸ) gXm goì`_mZ à^w {ZpíMV hr{Zam oY Ÿ( Ÿàn §M{dñ_ ¥ {Vn yd ©H $ ^JdXmgpŠVŸ) ŸH $ m o {gÕ H$a |J o hr(lrh[a.ñd.ñd.ñWm.à.18).

7 godmW©-Am{O{dH$m

(H$)`m__mÌ§ ^JdËgodm§ {dYm` níMmX² A{Z{fÕoZ Cnm oZ OrdZ§ gånmX oV².

nmaån ©OrdZ_{n {Z{fÕ§ MoV² VXm Ë`ŠVì`_². ""AMm¡amUm_² AnmnmZm_²...''B{V dMZmV². Or{dH$m`m§ {MÎm§ ì`mn¥V§ nwZ… ^Jd{V `moOZmW©_² Cnm`_² Amh""nR>oÀM {Z`_§ H¥$Ëdm'' B{V. AZoZ Aën~{h_©wIVm`m_{n lr^mJdV_² AZwgÝYo _²B{V Cnm`… H${WV….

(V.Xr.{Z.à.2Ÿ&232).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(H$)Ÿ{XZ_| H$_go H$_ VrZ KÝQ>m ^JdËgodm H$a boZoHo$ ~mX A{Z{fÕ

Cnm`m|go AmOr{dH$mHo$ CnmO©ZmW© àd¥Îm hmoZm Mm{h o. Hw$bnaånamgo Mbr Amahr d¥{Îm ^r `{h {Z{fÕ (ŸXodbH$m{Xd¥{Îm-gÑeŸ) hmo Vmo N>moS> XoZr Mm{h o.Š`m|{H$ ""AMm¡amUm_² AnmnmZm_²...''dMZgo `hr {gÕ hmoVm h¡. Or{dH$m_|CbPo hþE {MÎmH$mo ^JdmZ_| bJmZoH$m Cnm` H$hVo h¡ ""^mJdVH$m {Z`_nyd©H$nmR> H$aZm Mm{h o''. Wmo‹S>r{g ^r ~{h_w©IVmH$s gå^mdZm ahZona ^mJdVH$mAZwgÝYmZ H$aVo ahZm Cnm` H$hm J`m h¡. (V.Xr.{Z.à.2Ÿ&232)

(I) ídmZ§ ídnmH§$ àoVYy_§ XodÐì`monOr{dZ§ J«m_`mOH§$ gmo_{dH«${Ù§{MqV {M{VH$mîR>§ _Ú§ _Ú^mÊS>§ gñZoh§ _mZwfmpñW¨ edñn¥e§ _hmnmV{H$Z§ ed§ñn¥îQ²>dm gM¡b_² Aå^mo@dJmô` CÎmr © Ap½Z_² Cnñn¥í` Jm`Í`îQ>eV§ OnoV². Y¥V§àmí` ñZmËdm {ÌamM_oX² B{V À`dZdMZmV².

{M{VÄM {M{VH$mîR>ÄM ny § M§S>mb_od MŸ&ñn¥îQ²>dm XodbH$ÄM¡d gdmgm Ob_m{deoV²Ÿ&&

XodmM©Znamo ñVw {dÎmmWu dËgaÌ`_²Ÿ&g d¡ XodbH$mo Zm_ hì`H$ì ofw J{h©V…Ÿ&&

(lrnwéfmoÎm_OrH¥$V-Ðìèw{Õ).({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)

(I)ŸHw$ÎmoH$m MmÊS>mbH$m àoVYy_H$m XodÐì`monOrdrH$m J«m_`mOH$H$mgmo_{dH«o$VmH$m {MVmH$m {MVmH$mîR>H$m Ma~r`wŠV_mZwfmpñWH$m edñne©H$aZodmboH$m _hmnmVH$sH$m VWm edH$m ñn©e H$aZo na gdñÌ Ob_| Sw>~H$sbJmZoHo$ ~mX ~mha AmZo na Ap½ZH$m Cnñne© H$aHo$ EH$gmo AmR> Jm`ÌrH$m OnH$aZm Mm{h o Amoa Y¥VàmeZ H$a {ÌamM_Z H$aZm Mm{h o Eogm À`dZ dMZ ho.{MVm {MVmH$s bH$S>r ny MÊS>mb VWm XodbH$ H$m ñne© hmoZona gdñÌ Ob_|Sw>~H$s bJmZr Mm{h o. VrZ df© n ©ÝV Omo {dÎmmWu hmoH$a XodmM©Z H$aVm h¡ Cgohì`-H$ì`_| J{h©V g_OZm Mm{h o (lrnwéfmoÎmOrH¥$V Ðìèw{Õ)

8 godmH$Vm© VWm godmn[aMmaH$

(H$)^m`m©{XaZwHy$bíMoV² H$ma oX² JdpËH«$`m_²Ÿ&CXmgrZo ñd § Hw$`m©V² à{VHy$bo J¥h§ Ë oOV²Ÿ&&

Ed§ àd¥Îmñ` ^m`m©XrZm§ {d{Z`moJ_² Amh ""^m`m©{XaZwHy$bíMoX²''B{V.^m`m©{XH§$ J¥h§, {dîUwnamL²>_wIm… ^m`m©X`mo AÝ`Wm n[aË`mJo XmofEd. AZoZ

Ad¡îUd¡… gh Apñ_Z²_mJ} Z ñWmVì`_² B{V CŠV§ ^d{V(V.Xr.{Z..à.2Ÿ&231)

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(H$)Ÿ^m`m©{Xgo, CZHo$ ^JdËgodmW© AZwHy$b hmoZona, ^JdËgå~pÝY

{H«$`mŸ=Ÿn[aM`m© H$adm boZr Mm{h o. CZHo$ CXmgrZ hmoZona ñd § H$aZr Mm{h oAm¡a à{VHy$b hmoZo na J¥hm{XH$m Ë`mJ H$aZm Mm{h o. Bg Vah ÔZ_| àd¥ÎmA{YH$marHo$ ^m`m©{XH$m ^JdËgodm_| {d{Z`moJ H$hm Om ahm h¡ ""^m`m©{XHo$

69 70

AZwHy$b hmoZo na''. "J¥h'Ÿ`m{Z ^m`m©{X. BZH$m n[aË`mJ {dîUwnamL²>_wI hmoZonahr {d{hV h¡ AÝ`Wm Zht Xmofê$n hmoZogo. Bggo `h H$hZm A{^àoV h¡ {H$ Bg_mJ©_| Ad¡îUdm|Ho$ gmW Zht ahZm Mm{h o (V.Xr.{Z.à.2Ÿ&231).

(I)VÌmXm¡ eaU§ `mV… qH$ Hw$`m©{X{V MmoÀ`VoŸ&lr_XmMm ©_mJu`JwéUm eaU§ JV…Ÿ&&ñdm{_ËdoZ h[a¨ ñd§ Vw godH$ËdoZ md oV²Ÿ&..............................Ed_m{lË` Y_m}@ § g§jonoU {Zê${nV…Ÿ&...AV… na§ H«$_oU¡d Ord… H¥$Vg_n©U…Ÿ&&Ÿ9-10Ÿ&&.............................godmg§ñH$maê$nËdmX² {dXÜ`mËgodZm§ gXmŸ&...gd©Wm gd©X¡dm{n ZMmÚmXg_{n©V_²Ÿ&&Ÿ25-26Ÿ&&VX² jUo doXodm~«÷gå~pÝY dñVwV…Ÿ&gd©Ì ~«÷gå~ÝY-^mdZm-ZmeEd {hŸ&&Ÿ27Ÿ&&`Wm g_n©Uo `mo½ § `V² VWm VV² g_n© oV²Ÿ&............................J¥ho pñWËdm godZmWª ñdY_}U¡d gd©WmŸ&H¥$îU§ OoV² Vmo AY_©H$aUmV² hrZ`mo{ZVmŸ&&Ÿ45Ÿ&&H¥$îU_yVm£ WmbãY¡Ð©ì ¡… gånyO oX² h[a_²Ÿ&nydª ñWmZ§ _pÝXam{X VWm qghmgZm{X MŸ&&Ÿ46Ÿ&&..............................^m`m©XrZm_mZwHy$ë o V¡… godm_od H$ma oV²Ÿ&&Ÿ56Ÿ&&ñd § Hw$`m©X² CXmgrZV`m Vofm§ nwZ… pñWVm¡Ÿ&AnH$s{V© `mV² H¥$îUgodm-d¡ ½ «-g§ dmV²Ÿ&&Ÿ57Ÿ&&ñdH¥$V-~«÷g§~ÝY§ {d^mì` ö{X gd©WmŸ&VËnmofU§ àHw$duV é½UXohdXmVwa…Ÿ&&Ÿ58Ÿ&&

(lrh[aamÒrH¥$V.ñd.e.g.go.{Z.9-58).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(I)Ÿàmaå^_| eaUmJV A{YH$marH$mo Š`m H$aZm Mm{h o `h H$hm OmVm

h¡Ÿ:Ÿlr_X²dëb^mMm © Ûmam àd{V©V _mJ©Ho$ JwéÛmam {OgZo eaUmJ{VH$s Xrjmbr hmo CgHo$ {b o `h Amdí`H$ h¡ {H$ h[aH$mo ñdm_r _mZH$a ñd §H$mo godH$_mZZm Mm{h oŸ...ŸBg Vah g¬ongo eaUmJV A{YH$marHo$ Y_©H$m {Zê$nU {H$`mŸ...

BgHo$ ~mX H«$_mZwgma hr {Og OrdZo g_n©U {H$`m h¡ CgH$m Y_© ~Vm`mOmVm h¡. g_n©UH$s Xrjm godmW© Ano{jV g§ñH$maê$n hr hmoZogo dh Xr{jVì`pŠVH$mo Vmo gXm godm hr H$aZr Mm{h oŸ...Ÿgd©Wm gd©Xm hr Ag_{n©VH$m^jU Zhr H$aZm Mm{h o Š`m|{H$ Ag_{n©VH$m jU H$aZona dñVwV… A~«÷gå~ÝYr~Z OmVm h¡ Am¡a ~«÷gå~ÝYH$s ^mdZmH$m ^r gd©Ì Zme hr hmo OmVm h¡. OmodñVw {Og àH$mago à wH$mo g_{n©V hmo gH$Vr hmo Cg àH$mago Cg dñVwH$mog_{n©V H$aZr Mm{h o. Ka_| ah H$a godm Omo H$aZr h¡ dh gd©Wm ñdY_m©Zwgmahr H¥$îUÔZHo$ ê$n_| H$aZr h¡. Š`m|{H$ AY_© H$aZona hrZ`mo{Z_| OÝ_ {_bgH$Vm h¡. `WmbãY Ðì`m|go h[aH$m nyOZ CZH$s _y{V©Ho$ ê$n_| H$aZm Mm{h o.h[anyOZgo ^r nhbo lrh[aHo$ {~amOZoHo$ ñWmZ _§{Xam{X Am¡a qghmgZm{X H$m ^rAb§H$aUmË_H$ nyOZ H$aZm Mm{h o. ^m`m©{XHo$ AZwHy$b hmoZona CZgo ^JdËgodmhr H$amZr Mm{h o. CZHo$ CXmgrZ hmoZona ñd § hr H$aZr Mm{h o. Anè,H¥$îUgodm_| g§ m{dV {ZaW©H$ ì`J«Vm; Ed§ ñd § AnZoÛmam J«hrV ~«÷gå~ÝYH$s^mdZmH$m {dMma H$aHo$, O¡go AnZm hr Xoh H$^r é½U-^JdËgodm_| r Ag_W©-hmo Om o Vmo ^r CgH$m nmbZ Vmo H$aZm hr nS>Vm h¡ d¡go hr Eogo ^JdËgodm_|CXmgrZ n[admaOZm|Ho$ nmbZ_| ^r é½Un[admaH$s ^mdZm H$aZr Mm{hò(lrh[a.ñd.e.g.go.{Z.9-58)

9 godmonXoîQ>m(H$)Ÿna_Ì Z gd}fm§ \$b_wIm{YH$ma… {H$ÝVw ofw ^JdËH¥$nm H¥$nmn[akmZ§ M

_mJ©éÀ`m {ZíMr`Vo. VÌ Am{XV… gmYZm{Z AmhŸŸ-

71 72

H¥$îUgodmna§ drú` Xå^m{Xa{hV§ Za_²Ÿ&lr^mJdVVÎdk§ OoV² {OkmgwamXamV²Ÿ&&

(V.Xr.{Z.2Ÿ&227)"H¥$îUgodmna_²'ŸB{V. `mo {h Jwé… godm_² CnXoú`{V g ñd § MoV² Vm§ CÎm_m§

OmZr`mV² VXm H$W§ ñd § Z Hw$`m©X² B{V godmnaEd Jwé…. VÌm{n {Z{_Îmm{Zdma`{V "Xå^m{Xa{hV_²' B{V. godmM à_mU_yb¡d nwéfmW©n ©dgm{`Zr. AÝ`Wm_Z{g AÝ`X²{dYm` AÝ`Wm H$aUo Z \$b{g{Õ… B{V A{^àmòU Amh"lr^mJdVVÎdk_²' B{V. "{Okmgw' Z Vw H$m¡VwH$mÚm{dîQ>…. ÔZ§Ÿ-Ÿgd© mdoZ,VXm VXwŠVàH$maoU ^JdËgodm H$V©ì`m.

(V.Xr.{Z.à.2Ÿ&227).

"drú`'ŸBË`ZoZ _mJm©ÝVamX² AÌ d¡bjÊ § km{nV_². "B©j' Xe©Zm‘>Z`mo…,"{d'Zm M gå`ŠËd§ narjUo ÚmoË`Vo. VWmM VÝÌoŸ-Ÿ""Jwé… narj oV² {eî`_²''B{V dmŠ`mV² {eî`mo `Wm narú`Vo VWm AÌ Jwé…. ZmoMoX² AVmÑeñ`bmoH$mZwJVnewê$nËdmV² VmÑemo AZwgaUo AÝYmZwJmÝYdX² C^md{n nVoVm_².EVXW©_od Ob oXJ«ÝWH$aU§ ko _²Ÿ...ŸVoZ ~«÷gå~ÝYmo{n \$b_wI… Vñ ¡d B{V{gX²Ü`{V. Ed_² A{YH$magyMZoZ AZ{YH$m ©{n ì`md{V©V….

(V.Xr.{Z.à.AmdaU^“.2Ÿ&227).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(H$)Ÿ`h _mJ©, naÝVw, \$bXm`H$ hr {gÕ hmo Eogm A{YH$ma g^rH$m Zht

hmoVm. dh Vmo {OZna ^JdËH¥$nm hmo CÝhrHo$ {bE \$bXm`H$ ~Z nmVm h¡ {H$grì`pŠVna ^JdËH¥$nm h¡ {H$ Zht BgH$m {ZU© Cg ì`pŠVH$mo ^JdËH¥$n ¡H$bä`^pŠV_mJ© `m àn{Îm_mJ© _| é{M h¡ `m Zht Bg H$gmoQ>rna Om§MZona {ZpíMV hmonmVm h¡.

{OZna ^JdËH¥$nm h¡ CZHo$ àmaå^V… gmYZm|H$m {Zê$nU H$aVo h¢Ÿ-H$moB© nwéf H¥$îUgodm_| namÙ h¡ {H$ Zht, Xå^m{X XwJw©Um|go

a{hV h¡ {H$ Zht; Am¡a lr_X² mJdVnwamUHo$ __©H$m {dk h¡ {H$

Zht, h gd©àW_ XoIZm Mm{h o Am¡a V^r {H$gr {OkmgwH$mo Eogoì`pŠV_| Jwé~w{Õ aIH$a CgHo$ nmg OmZm Mm{h o.

{Ogo JwéH$s h¡{g`V_| ^JdËgodmH$m CnXoe XoZm h¡ dh ñd § ^JdËgodmH$moCÎm_ _mZVm hmo Vmo ñd § ^JdËgodm Š`m| Zht H$aoJmŸ? AV… Jwé Vmo H¥$îUgodm_|namÙ hr hmoZm Mm{hò. H¥$îUgodm ^pŠV^mdHo$ Abmdm AÝ` {H$gr ^r{Z{_ÎmŸ(Xå^-H$m_-bmo -à{VîR>m)ŸHo$ de H$s OmVr Zht hmoZr Mm{h o. AV…JwéH$m Xå^m{X XwJw©Um|go a{hV hmoZm Xygar eV© h¡. `h godm ^r O~ `Wmon{XîQ>àm_m{UH$ hmo V^r nwéfmW©_| n ©d{gV hmo gH$Vr h¡. AÝ`Wm, ~w{Õ `m öX`_|Hw$N> Am¡a {dMma `m ^md aIH$a, O~ H$moB© godm_| àd¥Îm hmoVm h¡ Vmo dh g\$bZht hmo nmVr h¡. AV… JwéH$m lr^mJdVH$m VÎdk hmoZm ^r Amdí`H$ h¡. EogoJwéH$mo ImoOZodmbm ì`pŠV {Okmgw hmoZm Mm{h o, Ho$db H$m¡VwH$ Am{X ^mdm|dmbr_Zmod¥{Îmdmbm Zht. JwéHo$ Ûmam Cn{XîQ> àH$mago V~ gd© mdnyd© godm_| àd¥Îm hmoOmZm ÔZH$m gÀMm àH$ma h¡ (V.Xr.{Z.à.2Ÿ&227).

_ybH$m[aH$m_| "drú`'ŸnXH$m à`moJ {H$`m J`m h¡, Bggo AnZo _mJ©H$m AÝ`_mJm]go Hw$N> d¡bjÊ` {gÕ H$aZm A^rîQ> h¡. "B©j'H$m AW© hmoVm h¡Ÿ:Ÿ"XoIZm-A§{H$V H$aZm'. CgHo$ gmW "{d'CngJ© OmoS>Zona `h AW© ~ZVm h¡ {H$ {H$grì`pŠVH$mo Jwé ~ZmZogo nhbo CgH$m ^br^m§{V narjU H$a boZm Mm{hò.VÝÌemñÌ_| O¡go {eî`H$s narjm H$aZoH$m {Z`_ h¡ d¡go hr `hm§ JwéH$s narjmH$m{Z`_ h¡. AÝ`Wm, {Og nwéf_| Cpëb{IV bjU Z {_bVo hm|, Cgo bmoH$mZwJVnew g_PZm Mm{h o. EogoH$m AZwgaU H$aZona EH$ AÝYm Xygao AÝYoH$m AZwgaUH$aVm hmo Om oJm. Am¡a XmoZm| hr, EH$XygaoHo$ H$maU, EH$gmW hr {Ja|Jo, O~ ^r{Ja|JoŸ! lr_hmà wZo JwéHo$ narjUmW© hr "Ob oX'J«ÝW àH$Q> H$s`m h¡Ÿ...ŸBZgmar ~mVm|H$s gmdYmZr aIZona hr ~«÷gå~ÝYXrjm g\$b hmoVr h¡. Bg Vah~«÷gå~ÝYXrjm àXmZ H$a nmZodmbm A{YH$mar H$moZ hmo gH$Vm h¡ `h gy{MVH$aHo$ lr_hmà wZo `h ^r g_Pm {X`m h¡ {H$ ~«÷gå~ÝYXrjm H¡$go ì`pŠVgoZht boZr Mm{h o (V.Xr.{Z.AmdaU^“.2Ÿ&227).

(I)Ÿ

73 74

_hmËå`kmnZm ¡d ldU§ JwUH$_©Um_²Ÿ&emñÌmUm_wn`moJmo@Ì VÌmH$mL²>jm Jwamo ©doV²Ÿ&&H¥$îUgodmna§ drú` Xå^m{Xa{hV§ Za_²Ÿ&lr^mJdVVÎdk§ OoV² {OkmgwamXamX²Ÿ&&XohÐmoÊ`m {``mgyZm§ na§ nma§ dmå~wYo…Ÿ&JwéUm H$U©YmaoU CÎmm`m© ñdmonXoeV…Ÿ&&

(gmYZXr{nH$m.9-11)

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(I)Ÿ^JdÝ_hmËå`kmZH$s àmpßVHo$ {b o ^JdX²JwUm| Ed§ ^JdëbrbmAm|

H$m ldU Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡. emñÌm|H$s Cn`mo{JVm ^r `ht h¡ Am¡a AVEdJwéH$s ^r Anojm ahVr h¡. AV… H¥$îUgodm_| namÙ, Xå^m{X XwJw©Um|go a{hV;Am¡a lr^mJdVHo$ __©k hmoZoHo$ ê$n_| ^br^m§{V nhMmZ H$a hr {OkmgwH$mo {H$grnwéfH$mo AmXag{hV Jwé ~Zm H$a ÔZ_| àd¥Îm hmoZm Mm{h o. ñdXohH$s S>m|Jrgo^dgmJaH$mo nma H$a boZoH$s BÀN>m aIZodmbm|H$m H$U©Yma ~ZH$a JwéH$mo AnZogXwnXoeÛmam CÝh| nma bJmZm Mm{h o (gm.Xr.9-11).

(J)JwéíM pŠV_mJu`… H¥$îUgodmnamÙ…Ÿ&lr^mJdVVÎdkmo Xå^m{Xa{hVmo Za…Ÿ&&VX^mdo VWm yVmonXoemo@Ì {Z`m_H$…Ÿ&AWmYw{ZH$VrWm©Zm_² AVWm yVVmo@{n {hŸ&&CnXoeñVWm yVJwamo[ad \${bî`{VŸ&`{X Xw…g“XmofoU ZmÝ`Wm MoX² doÝ_{V…Ÿ&&

(lrh[aamÒrH¥$V.ñd.e.g.go.{Zê$.49-51).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(J)ŸJwé ^r ^pŠV_mJm©Zwgmar, H¥$îUgodmnamÙ, ^mJdVHo$ VÎdH$mo OmZZo

dmbm VWm Xå^m{Xgo a{hV nwéf hmoZm Mm{h o. Eogo bjUm|dmbo JwéHo$ Z {_bZonaAmMm ©dmUrê$n Jwégo ^r ñdH$V©ì`{Z`m_H$ CnXoeJ«hU {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡.AmMm ©Hw$bmoX² yV JwéñWmZmnÝZ AmYw{ZH$ Jmoñdm{__hmZw md {X CŠV bjUm|dmboZ r hm| {\$a^r CZgo r gd©bjUgånÝZ-lrH¥$îUkmZàX-Jwé-lr_XmMm ©MaU-dMZmZwgmar CnXoe {_bVm hmo Vmo gX²JwéHo$ g_mZ hr \$b XoZodmbm hmo gH$Vmh¡. `{X CZH$s ~w{Õ Xw…g§Jm{X (AW©bmobwn-d{UH$-Q´>ñQ>r-g§Jm{X) Xmofm|goAÝ`Wm (_mJ©{dnarV) Z hmo JB© hmo (lrh[a.ñd.e.g.go.{Z.49-50).

(K)AXå^… gd©Wmnojma{hV… H$éUmna…Ÿ&{dMm © daU§ lr_XmMm ©nXg§l`…Ÿ&&ñdgodH$m` ewÕm` gVV§ à`VmË_ZoŸ&à`ÀN>oV² VV² ñdê$n§ Vw \$bê$nV`m nwZ…Ÿ&&

(lrh[a.H¥$V.ñd_m.ñdê$.ñWmn.à.16-17).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(K)Ÿlr_XmMm ©MaUm|H$m ^br^m§{V Aml` J«hU H$a, {H$gr ^r àH$maHo$

Xå^H$s `m {eî`go Hw$N> Anojm aIZoH$s _Zmod¥{Îmgo a{hV hmo H$a, CnpñWVOrdmË_mH$m na_mË_mHo$ Ûmam nwpîQ>_mJ©_| daU {H$`m J`m h¡, AV… Eogm OrdnwpîQ>bm^go H$ht d§{MV Z ah Om` ~g Bgr H$éUm^mdH$mo aIVo hþdo, nwpîQ>_mJ©naAJ«ga hmoZoH$m gVV à`mg H$aZodmbo AnZo ewÕ godH$Ho$ _mWo nwîQ> {H$`m hþdmñdê$n \$bê$nV`m (Z {H$ Jwé^mdV`m `m ñdgoì`go Ý yZ nwéfmoÎm_^mdV`m)nYam XoZo Mm{h o.

(lrh[a.ñd_m.ñdê$.ñWmn.àH$m.16-17).

(L>)dÄMH$ñVw VVmo@ß of XwîQ> BË od ~wÕ²çVm_²Ÿ&&Ÿ16Ÿ&&`V… VXmH¥${VíMoîQ>m VWmMmaíM ^mfU_²Ÿ&

75 76

{dZ`… emÝVVm doe… e§IMH«$m{X{M•V…Ÿ&&Ÿ17Ÿ&&Ed_mÚ{Ib§ Vwë § JdÕ_©d{V©{^…Ÿ&VVmo kmZm^md@Vmo{n gd©Wm ZmeZ§ _V_²Ÿ&&Ÿ18Ÿ&&XwK©Q>§ Vñ` {dkmZ§ gd©Wm ŠVgmå`V…Ÿ&AVEd Z H$V©ì`mo {dídmgmo ø{dMm[aV…Ÿ&&Ÿ19Ÿ&&VXr`Ëd «_mÎmpñ_Z² {dídmgmo g§JXmofV…Ÿ&AgË`{n M gØmdmËnVZ§ pŠV_mJ©V…Ÿ&&Ÿ20Ÿ&&AVEdmoŠV_mMm £… Jwamoa{n M drjU_²Ÿ&"H¥$îUgodmna§ drú o'Ë`m{XnÚo {Z~ÝYJoŸ&&Ÿ21Ÿ&&................................gVmo@{n {H$pÄMXm{YŠ § dÄMHo$ Vw àVr`VoŸ&àXe©ZmW©ËdVñVw dofmXo[ah gd©WmŸ&&Ÿ25Ÿ&&................................^JdØŠVgmå o{n VXgmYmaUmo JwU…Ÿ&{ZanojËd_oVpñ_ñVX^mdm{Õ d§MH$…Ÿ&&Ÿ32Ÿ&&AZmH$m[aVEdmgm¡ g“o bJ{V gd©WmŸ&àm{W©Vm JdØŠVm… H¥$n`pÝV H$WÄMZŸ&&Ÿ33Ÿ&&g Ðì`_od {dkm` gÁOVo ñdmW©_mo{hV…Ÿ&XrZofw JdØŠVmñVXW£H$àgmXH$m…Ÿ&&Ÿ34Ÿ&&Mmb`Ë``_wÝ_mJ} _m`mMmQw>H$gypŠV{^…Ÿ&Vo Vw _mJ} Mmb`pÝV dMmo{^… H$Qw>H$m¡fY¡…Ÿ&&Ÿ35Ÿ&&

(lrh[aamÒrH¥$V Xw…g§J{dkmZ {Zê$.16-35).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(L>)ŸdÄMH$H$mo Vmo AÝXa VWm ~mha-XmoZm| VahHo$ Mmoam|go ^r Hw$N> A{YH$

hr XwîQ> g_PZm Mm{hò. Š`m|{H$ CgH$s AmH¥${V, MoîQ>m, AmMma, ^mfm,{dZrVVm, emÝVVm, doe, VWm e’MH«$m{X {M• g^r JdÕ_m©Zwgma MbZodmbm|Ho$g_mZ hr hmoVo h¢. AV… {Ogo Eogo dÄMH$m|H$s `WmW©VmH$m kmZ Zht hmoVm h¡,

CgH$m g~ Vahgo Zme hmoVm h¡. ^ŠVm|Ho$ g_mZ XrIZodmbo BZ dÄMH$m|H$m kmZgd©Wm AeŠ` gm hmoVm h¡. Bgr H$maUgo {dMma {H$ o {~Zm {H$grna ^r {dídmgZht H$aZm Mm{h o. «_de ^JdXr` _mZ H$a `{X Eogo bmoJm|H$m {dídmg H$a{b`m Om` V~ Vmo g“XmofdemV² VWm AgËnwéf_| gØmd aIZoHo$ XmofdemV²{ZpíMV hr ^pŠV_mJ©go AY…nVZ hmo OmVm h¡. Bgr H$maUgo lr_hmà^wZo{Z~ÝY_| ""H¥$îUgodmna§ drú`'' Ûmam JwéHo$ Omo bjU ~Vbm o h¢, Cgr àH$magoJwéH$s ^r narjm H$aZr Mm{hò...gÀMo ^ŠV Am¡a d§MH$ Ho$ ~rM EH$CëboIZr` AÝVa `hr hmoVm h¡ {H$ d§MH$ AnZr dof yfm ({VbH$-N>mnm,AmMma-Anag, {ZË`godm, N>ßnZ^moJm{X_ZmoaW, ""_oam ~mbyS>m'' Oogr {_Ï`m^mdwH$dmUr) Am{X Ho$db àXe©ZmW© hr AnZmVm h¡. AV… EH$ gÀMm ^ŠVAnZr dmñV{dH$ ^mdgm_Ï © Ho$ AZwê$n {OVZr _mÌm_| BZ ~mô`bjUm|H$mo{Z^m nmVm h¡, Cggo Hw$N> A{YH$ hr BZ ~mô`bjUm|H$m àXe©Z d§MH$ H$aVmhmoVm h¡. Bg Vah AÝ` g^r ~mVm|_| d§MH$ gÀMo ^ŠVm|H$s ~am~ar H$a boVmh¡. AnZo ^pŠV^mdH$mo OZVm ("Š y'bJm H$a) XoIZo Am o Eogr Anojm EH$gÀMm ^ŠV (O¡go {H$ d§MH$ AI~mam|_| {dkmnZ Xo H$a VWm KaHo$ ÛmanagyMZmnÅ> bJm H$a Am_ OZVm CgHo$ goì`ñdê$nH$s godm-_ZmoaWH$mo XoIZoAm o Eogr Anojm aIVm h¡Ÿ!) H$^r Zht aIVm. AnZo goì` à wH$mo [aPmZo_|ê${n`m-n¡gm-\|$H$Zodmbo Xe©Zm{W©Am|H$s Anojm Z aI nmZm d§MH$go {Z^ ZhtnmVmŸ! ~g, Bg EH$ AgmYmaU bjUHo$ AmYmana d§MH$H$mo erK« nhMmZm OmgH$Vm h¡. AVEd H$moB© Z ^r ~wbm o na d§MH$ haoH$ YZXmVmHo$ nrN>o bJ hrOmVm h¡ (~hþYm ñd`§ Zht Vmo AnZo EO|Q> `m g_mYmZr H$mo hr bJmH$aŸ!Ÿ:ŸAZwdmXH$). gÀMo ^JdX² ŠV Vmo AZoH$ ~ma àmW©Zm H$aZona ^r ~S>r_wpíH$bgo H$^r Hw$N> H¥$nm H$a XoVo h¢, O~{H$ dÄMH$ Vmo ñdmW©go _mo{hV hmoZoHo$H$maU H$moB© Ðì`gånÝZ h¡ BVZm nVm MbVo hr (bßnwn§S>m ~Z H$a) nrN>o nS>OmVm h¡. gÀMm ^JdX² ŠV Vmo XrZ-X[aÐm|Ho$ gmW ^r oX ~aVo {~Zm CZHo$^pŠV^mdm|H$m nmofU H$aVm h¡. dÄMH$ bmoJ H$nQ>nyU© VWm MmQw>H$m[aVmnyU©dMZm|go bmoJm|H$mo gÀMo _mJ©go {dnarV {Xem_| bo OmVo h¢. O~{H$ gÀMm^JdX² ŠV Vmo Am¡f{YHo$ g_mZ H$S>do {gÕmÝVdMZm|Ho$ Ûmam gÝ_mJ©H$s Amoa hrbo OmVm h¡ (lrh[a.Xw.{d.à.16-35)

77 78

(M)`mo dXË`Ý`WmdmŠ`_² AmMm ©dMZmV² OZ…Ÿ&g§g¥{VàoaH$mo dm{n VËg“mo XwîQ>g“_…Ÿ&&`íM H¥$îUo aqV {ZË § ~moY`Ë`à`moOZm_²Ÿ&{Zanoj… gmpÎdH$íM VËg“… gmYwg“_…Ÿ&&

({ejmnÌ.3Ÿ&8-9)

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(M)ŸAmMm © dMZHo$ {dnarV Omo ~mV| H$aVm hmo AWdm g§gmaàoaH$ ~mV| Omo

H$aVm hmo CgH$m g“ XwîQ>g“ h¡. Omo lrH¥$îU_| {Zîà`moOZ {ZË`a{V ~T>mZoH$s~mV| H$aVm hmo Am¡a ñd § ^r {Zanoj Am¡a gmpÎdH$ hmo CgH$m g“ gmYwg“ h¡.({ejmnÌ.3Ÿ&8-9).

(N>)ŸVoZ JwéËd_od d¥{ÎmËdoZ \$b{V, wŠV§ M EVX² AZwnH¥$Ë` nañdJ«hUoF${UËdoZ ~ÝYñ` àgÄOZmV². {H$ÄM F$VmoÎma_² A_¥Vm»`m`m… A`m{MVd¥Îmo…CŠVËdmV² Vñ`m_{n {eî`ñ`¡d J«mô`§ Z BVañ`Vw Ed§ g§H$moMo Vñ`m_{nàeñVËd{g{Õ…

(lrnwéfmoÎm_OrH¥$V-ñdd¥{ÎmdmX).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(N>)ŸBggo `h \${bV hmoVm h¡ {H$ JwéËd hr AnZr AmOr{dH$m `m d¥{Îm h¡.

`hr C{MV ^r h¡ Š`m|{H$ {H$grH$m Hw$N>^r H$m © {H$ o {~Zm _wâV_| hr XwgaoH$mYZ bo boZona boZodmbm F$Ur hmo OmVm h¡, Omo ~ÝYZH$mar ~mV h¡. BgHo$ AbmdmF$VŸ-Ÿd¥{ÎmHo$ ~mX "A_¥V'ŸZm_H$s Omo A`m{MV d¥{Îm H$hr JB© h¡ Cgo AnZmZona^r `{X {eî`go hr A`m{MV J«hU H$aZoH$m AmJ«h aIm Om`, AÝ` {H$grgoZht, Vmo Eogm g‘>moM Am¡a ^r àe§gZr` h¡ (lrnwéfmoÎmOrH¥$V-ñdd¥{ÎmdmX).

(O)

JwéUm doem{XZm _mJ©éqM narú` {Okmgm§ M AdJË` àíZmZÝVa§ godm{XH$_²CnXoîQ>ì`_² B{V.

(V.Xr.{Z.à.Am.^“.2Ÿ&255-256).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(O)ŸJwéH$mo godmonXoe-ldUH$s BÀN>m aIZodmboHo$ doem{XŸ(^mfm, ^md,

é{M, AmMmaŸ-Ÿ{dMma)ŸHo$ Ûmam _mJ©é{MH$s narjm H$aHo$ Am¡a {Okmgm OmZH$aVXZwHy$b àíZ H$aZona hr godm{XH$m CnXoe H$aZm Mm{h o (V.Xr.{Z.Am. §.255-256).

10 mJdVH$Wm

(H$).........VVmo mJdV§ H¥$V_²Ÿ&EVXä`gZmV² bmoH$mo _wÀ`Vo@ZwnOrdZmV²Ÿ&&Ÿ57Ÿ&&gmYZ§ na_oV{Õ lr^mJdV_mXamV²Ÿ&nR>Zr § à`ËZoZ {Zh}VwH$_² AXå^V…Ÿ&&Ÿ243Ÿ&&nR>Zr § à`ÝVoZ gd©hoVw{dd{O©V_²Ÿ&&d¥Î`Wª Z¡d wÁOrV àmU¡… H$ÊR>JV¡a{nŸ&&VX^mdo W¡d ñ`mV² VWm {Zdm©h_mMaoV²Ÿ&&&Ÿ253-4Ÿ&&

(V.Xr.{Z.Ÿ-Ÿ2Ÿ&67,243,254).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(H$)Ÿ...ŸV~ ì`mgOrZo ^mJdVnwamU àH$Q> {H$`m {OgHo$ Aä`mgŸ(ldU-

ñ_aU-H$sV©Z)Ÿgo bmoJ _wŠV hmo gH$Vo h¢, ~eV} ^mJdVH$m AmOr{dH$mW©CnOrdZ Z {H$`m Om`, h lr_X² mJdV EH$ loîR> gmYZ h¡. AV… à`ËZnyd©H$,{H$gr bm¡{H$H$ hoVw `m Xå^ Ho$ {~Zm, AmXaHo$ gmW BgH$m nR>Z H$aZm Mm{h o.^mJdVH$m nmR> à`ËZnyd©H$ {H$gr ^r AÝ` hoVwHo$ {~Zm hr H$aZm Mm{h o. àmU

79 80

Mmho H$ÊR>_| hr Š`m| Z AQ>H$ Om o naÝVw AmOr{dH$mW© CgH$m Cn`moJ Zht hrH$aZm Mm{h o. ^mJdVH$m AmOr{dH$mW© Cn`moJ Z H$aHo$ Am¡a O¡go ^r AnZm{Zdm©h Mbo Mbm boZm Mm{h o (V.Xr.{Z.67, 243, 254).

(I)ObmW©_od JVm©ñVw ZrMm JmZmonOr{dZ…Ÿ&&

(ŸOb oX.5Ÿ).nÄM_§ ^md_² Amhþ… "ObmW©_od' B{V. àjmbZmopÀN>îQ>-ObàjonmW©_od o

JVm©… VÎmwë`m… ZrMm… JmZmonOr{dZ… B{V AW©…Ÿ...ŸVoZ CpÀN>îQ>Ÿ-ŸJV©Ÿ-ŸObdV²Vofm§ ^mdmo Z g{Ø… J«mô`… B{V AW©…Ÿ...Ÿnm¡am{UH${Zê$nUmZÝVa§ nwZ… `X²Jm`H${Zê$nU§ VX² EVmÑemZm§ nm¡am{UH$mZm_² EVX²Jm`H$-Vwë`Ëd-kmnZmW©_²Ÿ.

(lrH$ë`mUam`{da{MV-Ob^oX-{dd¥{V.5).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(I)ŸOmo bmoJ ^JdX²JwUJmZH$mo AnZr AmOr{dH$mH$m gmYZ ~VmVo h¢ Eogo

JwUJmZH$Vm© An{dÌ-_{bZ-Ob-H$mo EH${ÌV H$aZoHo$ {b o O_rZ_| ImoXo J oJhao JT²>T>oH$s Vah hmoVo h¢.(Ob oX.5)

lr_hmà^w nm§Md| ^mdH$m dU©Z H$aZoH$mo ""ObH$mo EH${ÌV H$aZoHo${b o''ŸeãXà`moJ H$aVo h¢. _wIm{XHo$ àjmbZ_| à wŠV An{dÌ ObH$mo EH${ÌVH$aZoHo$ {b o y{__| Omo JT²>T>o ImoXo OmVo h¢ CZHo$ O¡go {ZåZ JmZmonOrdr hmoVoh¢Ÿ...ŸBggo `h Ame` àH$Q> hþAm {H$ àjmbZmopÀN>îQ> JV©ny[aV ObH$s Vah BZJmZmonOr{dAm|H$m ^md gËnwéfm|Ho$ {b o J«mô` Zqh hmoVmŸ...Ÿnm¡am{UH$m|Ho$ ^mdHo${Zê$nUHo$ ~mX Omo Jm`H$m|H$m {Zê$nU {H$`m J`m h¡ dh Eogo (ŸAmOr{dH$mW©nwamUm|H$m Cn`moJ H$aZodmboŸ) nm¡am{UH$ Eogo Jm`H$m|Ho$ Vwë` h¢ `h {XIbmZoHo${b o {H$`m J`m h¡ (lrH$ë`mU.{d.O. o.{d.5).

11 ñdgoì`-ñdê$n-àgmX-J«hU

(H$)ŸAnaÄM XmZo {h Z ñd{d{Z`moJ… ZVw {ZdoXZo AÝ`Wm {Zdo{XVmÝZmXo…^moOZ§ Z ñ`mX² A{Zdo{XVñ` {Z{fÕËdmV². {Zdo{XVmZm_² AWm©Zm§ ^JdX² moJmWª{d{Z`moJo OmVo VÔÎmàgmXËdoZ ñdmon^moJH¥${V… C{MVVam XmgY_©ËdmV².

(ZdaËZ{dd¥{V.1).

"AnaÄM'ŸBË`m{X XmZ§ Zm_ ñdËd-n[aË`mJ-nyd©H$… nañdËdmoËnmXZmZwHy$b…""Vwä`_² Ah§ gåàXXo Z __'' BË`m{X eãXm{^ì §½`mo _Zmoì`mnma… Vpñ_Z² H¥$Vog{V "{h' {ZíM oZ "Z ñd{d{Z`moJ…' XÎmmnhma-XmofmoËnmXH$ËdmV². {ZdoXZ§ VwVXr`ËdmZwgÝYmZnyd©H$… ñdËdm{^_mZË`mJmZwHy$b… ""Vwä § g_n© m{_-{ZdoX`m{_''BË`m{XeãXm{^ì §½`… VX²{dbjUmo _Zmoì`mnma… Vpñ_Z² H¥$Vo Vw Z… ñd{d{Z`moJmoXmofm` XÎmmnhmaXmofmZwËnmXH$ËdmV²Ÿ.

(lrnwéfmoÎm_OrH¥$V.Z.{d.à.1).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(H$)ŸAnaÄM ^JdËñdê$nHo$ {b o XmZŸ( oQ>)Ÿê$ngo Hw$N> ^r XoZo na AnZo

{H$gr ^r H$m ©_| Cg àXÎm dñVwH$m {d{Z`moJ {H$`m Zht Om gH$Vm, naÝVw^JdËñdê$nH$mo {H$gr dñVwHo$ {ZdoXZ H$aZona `h ~mV bmJy Zht hmoVr. AÝ`Wmà wH$mo {Zdo{XV AÝZm{XH$m J«hU ^r hmo Zht nm oJm. A{Zdo{XV dñVwH$m Cn^moJVmo {Z{fÕ hr h¡. AV… {Zdo{XV dñVwHo$ ^JdØmoJmW© {d{Z`moJ hmo OmZo na^JdËàXÎm àgmXHo$ ê$n_| ^ŠVHo$ Ûmam Cn^moJ ^r C{MVVa hr h¡, XmgY_©hmoZoHo$ H$maU (ZdaËZ{dd¥{V.1).

AnaÄM AnZo ñdËdH$m n[aË`mJ H$a nañdËdH$mo n¡Xm H$aZodmboŸ - ""Vwåh|_| `h XoVm hÿ±, A~ `h dñVw _oar Zht h¡'' O¡go eãXm|Ûmam A{^ì`ŠV hmoVog§H$ënmË_H$ _Zmoì`mnmago "XmZ' {H$`m OmVm h¡. XmZ H$aZona {ZíM`oZñdmW©{d{Z`moJ AZw_V Zht h¡, "XÎmmnhma' XmofOZH$ hmoZogo. {ZdoXZ Vmo, O~H$s,ñd §Ho$ VXr` hmoZoHo$ AZwgÝYmZHo$ gmW ñdËdm{^_mZŸ(ŸZht {H$ ñdËdŸ)ŸHo$ Ë`mJH$aZona hmoVm h¡. ""`h dñVw Vwåh| g_{n©V H$aVm hÿ±Ÿ-Ÿ{Zdo{XV H$aVm hÿ±'' O¡goeãXm|Ho$ Ûmam A{^ì`ŠV hmoZodmbm, XmZgo {dbjU, g‘>ënmË_H$ _Zmoì`mnma

81 82

`hm± hmoVm h¡. Bg {ZdoXZHo$ H$aZona {Zdo{XV dñVwH$m AnZo Cn^moJ_| {d{Z`moJXmofê$n Zht hmoVm. Š`m|{H$ Z Vmo {H$gr XygaoH$mo Hw$N> {X`m Om ahm h¡ Am¡a ZXr hþB© {H$gr dñVwH$m AnhaU hr {H$`m Om ahm h¡ (lrnwéfmoÎm_OrH¥$V Z.{d.à.1).

12 VrW©n ©Q>Z

dUm©l_- wŠVmZm_{n dUm©l_Y_£… VrWm©{Z {dH$ënÝVo B{V AmhŸ-`kmñVrWm©{Z M nwZ… g_m{Z h[aUm H¥$Vm…Ÿ&AVñVoîdà{VJ«mhr VÔrZmÝZm{YH$ñ` {hŸ&&hVÌn… nR>pÝZË § Zm_m{Z M H¥$Vm{Z MŸ&EH$mH$s {Zñn¥h… emÝV… n ©Q>oV² H¥$îUVËna…Ÿ&&

...ŸVÌ AQ>ZàH$maH$_² Amh "AVñVoîdà{VJ«mhr' B{V. VrW©àdoe{Xdgo VwCndmg… A{J«_{Xdgo `{X AÝZ_mÌ_{n ZmpñV VXm VmdÝ_mÌ§ J«mø§ Z Vw VVmoA{YH$_²Ÿ...ŸCÀM¡… Zm_g‘>rV©Z§ VÌ A“_² AÝV ©JdËñ_aUÄM. EH$mH$s n ©Q>oV².Z AÌ ""Z¡H$ ànÚoVmÜdmZ_²'' B{V ñ_¥{VXmof… n{W ^moJmÚWª ñn¥hm Z H$V©ì`memÝVíM {MÎmo ^doV²...

(V.Xr.{Z.àŸ:Ÿ2Ÿ&248-9).({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)

dUm©l_dmZ A{YH$m[a`m|Ho$ {b o ^r dUm©l_ Y_© Amoa VrW© mÌm Ho$ ~rM{dH$ën ñdrH$mam J`m h¡ Eogm {Zê$nU H$aVo h¢Ÿ- `km| Am¡a VrWm]H$mo ^JdmZh[aZo g_mZ ~Zm`m h¡. AV… EH$ {XZgo A{YH$ MbZo dmbr gm_J«rH$m à{VJ«hZht H$aZm Mm{h o. ^JdmZHo$ Zm_ Am¡a brbm H$m {Z…g§‘>moM nmR> H$aVo ahZmMm{h o. {~Zm {H$gr ñn¥hmHo$ emÝV EH$mH$s Am¡a H¥$îUVÎna hmoH$a VrW© n ©Q>ZH$aZm Mm{h o.

...VrWm©Q>ZH$m àH$ma {Zê${nV H$aVo h¢ ""AV…..'' VrW©joÌ_| àdoeHo$ {XZVmo Cndmg hr aIZm Mm{h o. AJbo {XZ `{X ImZo {OVZm AÝZ Z hmo Vmo CVZm{b`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Cggo A{YH$ ZhtŸ...ŸdmUrgo CÀMñda_| Zm_g‘>rV©Z Am¡aöX`_| ^rVa ^JdËñ_aU o VrW© mÌmHo$ A§J h¢. n ©Q>Z EH$mH$sV`m H$aZm

Mm{h o. `hm± ""AHo$bo `mÌm Zht H$aZr Mm{h`'' Bg ñ_¥{V_| {Zê${nV XmofH$mH$moB© àg“ Zht h¡. _mJ©_| ^moJm{XH$H$s ñn¥hm Zht H$aZr Mmhr o. emÝV ahZmMm{h o (V.Xr.{Z.à.2Ÿ&248-9).

13 AmMm ©dMZme`{ZYm©aUàH$mamong§hma

(H$)ŸVñ_mÀN>rdëb^m»` ËdXw{XVdMZmXÝ`Wm ê$n`pÝVŸ&

«mÝVm o Vo {ZgJ©{ÌXe[anwV`m Ho$dbmÝYÝV_moJm…Ÿ&&(lrà wMaU-H¥$V-dëb^mîQ>H$ 3).

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(H$)Ÿho lrdëb^Ÿ! AmnHo$ H$ho hþE dMZgo {dnarV Omo H$moB© Hw$N> H$hVo h¢ do

g^r «mÝV Ho$db AÝYÝV_ ZaH$H$mo nmZo dmbo ghOAmgwarOrd h¢.(lrà^w.H¥$V.dëb.3)

(I)ŸVXml`mo Z dMZ¡… {H$ÝVw VÝ_mJ©{ZîR>`mŸ&_mJ©{ZîR>m Z ñd~moY¡… {H$ÝVw VmÑ½Jwê${XV¡…Ÿ&&Jwê${XVm{Z dmŠ`m{Z Z ñdVmo øZwdmXV…Ÿ&AZwdmXmo Z ñd~wÕ`m {H$ÝVw _ybH«$_mJV…Ÿ&&AWm{n VÌ Mmnoú`mo ÑT>… ñdmMm ©g§l`…Ÿ&

({ejmnÌ 8Ÿ&26-28).({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)

(I)Ÿlr_hmà wH$m Aml` Ho$db dmUrgo Zht {H$ÝVw _hmà wHo$ _mJ©_| {ZîR>maIH$a H$aZm Mm{h o. _mJ©_| {ZîR>m AnZr WmoWr g_Ogo Zht {H$ÝVw _mJ©Ho$JwéHo$ Ûmam H$ho J o dMZm|Ho$ AZwgma aIZr Mm{h o. JwéHo$ H$ho hþE dMZm|H$mAW© ñdV… hr Zht {H$ÝVw AZwdmXV… g_OZm Mm{h o. AZwdmX ^r Ho$db AnZr

83 84

~w{Õgo Zht {H$ÝVw _ybH«$_-naånamHo$ AZwgma H$aZm Mm{h o. Bg gmao àH$ma_|nwZ… lr_hmà wH$m ÑT> Aml` Vmo Ano{jV h¡ hr ({ejmnÌ 8Ÿ&26-28).

(J)Ÿ`mo dX³Ë`Ý`Wm dmŠ`_² AmMm ©dMZmÁOZ…Ÿ&g§g¥{V àoaH$mo dm{n VËg“mo XwîQ>g“_…Ÿ&&`íM H¥$îUo aqV {ZË § ~moY`Ë`à`moOZm_²Ÿ&{Zanoj… gmpËdH$íM VËg“… gmYwg“_…Ÿ&&Ed§ {ZpíMË` gd}fw ñdr ofw AÝ ofw dm nwZ…Ÿ&_hËHw$bàgyVofw H$V©ì`… g“{ZU© …Ÿ&lr_XmMm ©MaUo _{V… ñWmß`m gXm ñdV…Ÿ&VVEd ñdH$s`mZm§ {g{Õ… H$m ©ñ` gd©WmŸ&&

({ejmnÌ.3Ÿ&8-11)

({hÝXr-^mfm-^mdmZwdmXm¡)(J)ŸAmMm ©dMZHo$ {dnarV Omo ~mV| H$aVm hmo AWdm g§gmaàoaH$ ~mV| Omo

H$aVm hmo CgH$m g“ XwîQ>g“ h¡. Omo lrH¥$îU_| {Zîà`moOZ {ZËà{V ~T>mZoH$s~mV| H$aVm hmo Am¡a ñd § ^r {Zanoj Am¡a gmpÎdH$ hmo CgH$m g“ gmYwg“ h¡.`h {ZH$f g^rŸ - ñd_mJu`, Añd_mJu`; AWdm dëb^Hw$b_| àgyVŸ-ŸHo$gmW {H$ò OmZo dmbo gËg§JH$mo naIZoHo$ {bò h¡. AnZr _{V ñdV… hrlr_XmMm ©MaU_| gXm ñWm{nV H$aZr Mm{h o. nwpîQ>_mJu`m|Ho$ g^r H$m © Bgrgo{gÕ hm|Jo ({e.n.3Ÿ&8-11).

&&ŸgH$bmÝVamË_m lrh[a… àgÝZmo dVwŸ&&

n[a{eîQ>_²Ÿ-Ÿ1eaUmJ{Vgå~pÝYdMZmdbr

(1)(ŸAml`ñdê$nbjU_²Ÿ)

.............Aml`mo@Vmo {Zê$ß`VoŸ&&Eo{hHo$ nmabmoHo$ M gd©Wm eaU§ h[a…Ÿ&&

(Ÿgdm©ñdß`dñWmgw ^JdXml`ñ` AZwîR>o Ëd_²Ÿ)Xw…IhmZm¡ VWm nmno ^ o H$m_mÚnyaUoŸ&^ŠVÐmoho ^ŠË`^mdo ^ŠV¡íMm{VH«$_o H¥$VoŸ&AeŠ o dm gweŠ o dm gd©Wm eaU§ h[a…Ÿ&&Ah‘>ma-H¥$Vo M¡d nmoî`-nmofU-ajUoŸ&nmoî`m{VH«$_Uo M¡d VWmÝVodmñ`{VH«$_oŸ&&Abm¡{H$H$-_Z…{gÕm¡ gd©Wm eaU§ h[a…Ÿ&&

(Ÿ^JdXml`{gÕç¡ H«${_H$monm`1-4-MVwîQ>`_²Ÿ)Ed§ {MÎmo gXm ^mì § dmMm M n[aH$sV© oV²1Ÿ&&AÝ`ñ` ÔZ§ VÌ ñdVmoJ_Z_od MŸ&àmW©Zm H$m ©_mÌo@{n VWm@Ý`Ì {ddO© oV²2Ÿ&&A{dídmgmo Z H$V©ì`… gd©Wm ~mYH$ñVw g…Ÿ&~«÷mñÌMmVH$m¡ ^mì`m¡3 àmßV§ godoV {Z_©_…Ÿ&&`WmH$WpÄMV² H$m`m©{U Hw$`m©XwÀMmdMmÝ`{nŸ&qH$dm àmoŠVoZ ~hþZm eaU§ ^md oX² h[a_²4 h[a_²Ÿ&&

(Ÿ^JdXml`mdí`H$VmonnÎ`ÝVaoUmong§hma…Ÿ)

85 86

Ed_mlÙ§ àmoŠV§ gd}fm§ gd©Xm {hV_²Ÿ&H$bm¡ ^ŠË`m{X_mJm©{h Xw…gmÜ`m B{V _o _{V…Ÿ&&

({ddoH$Y¡ m©l`.9-17)(2)

(Ÿàn{Îm_mJ} CÎm_m{YH$m[aU… lmoVw… ñdê$n_²Ÿ)AZÝ`_Zgmo _Ë`m© CÎm_m ldUm{XfwŸ&Xoe-H$mb-Ðì`-H$V¥©-_ÝÌ-H$_©-àH$maV…Ÿ&&

(nÄMnÚm{Z.5)

(3)(ŸnwpîQ>àn{Îm_mJ} Ë`mÁ`J«mø{ddoH${df{`Ê`m… fS² >{dYm`m…

B{VH$V©ì`Vm`m… CnXoe…Ÿ)AZ wH y $bñ` g‘>ën…1 à{VH y $b{dgO©Z_ ² 2Ÿ &H$ [aî`Vr{V {dídmgm o 3 ^V ¥ © Ëd o daU § VWm4Ÿ&AmË_Z ¡d oÚ-H$mn ©Ê` o 5-6 fS ² > {dYm eaUmJ{V… Ÿ&&

(nÄMíbmoH$s.4-5)(4)

àn{Îm_mJ©_mh :OJÝZmW o {dÆ >b o M lra“ o d o‘ >Q > o VWm Ÿ&`Ì n yOmàdmh… ñ`mV ² VÌ {VîR > oV VËna… Ÿ&

(ŸV.Xr.{Z.255Ÿ).àn{Îm_mJ©_² B{V. ^JdmZ¡d __ Eo{hHo$ nabmoHo$ M J{Vah§ ^JdÔmg B{V

{ZíM oZ ^JdËnaV`m ^JdÝ_hmñWmZo pñW{V… àn{Îm_mJ© BË`W©…. VÌ {VîR>oVB{V _ybo. ËdX²Xmgmo@h§ gdm©W} Ëdm_od Am{lV BË`m{X A{^àm § àH$Q>`Z² {VîR>oVBË`W©….

(ŸV.Xr.{Z.à.H$ë`m.{Q>.2Ÿ&225Ÿ).

àn{Îm BË`m{X. AÌm{n AZ{YH$mao Cnm`mÝVa§ VXZwH$ën yV_² Amh BË`W©….""gd©Y_m©Z²...'' BË`Ì "EH$'ŸnXmX² AÝ`ml`… gd©Wm ~mYH$ B{V ~moY{`Vw§VËnanXñ` VmËn ©_² Amhþ… ànÎmm¡ BË`m{X. VËna… {VîR>oX² BË`W©…. ñWmZmÝVañ`m{ng§J«hmW©_² Amhþ… nyOmŸBË`m{X. EVñ ¡d eofm¡ {ddoH$Y¡ m©l`m¡ ko m¡. àn{ÎmíMeaUmJ{V…, Aml`… B{V `mdV². VV² àW_Vmo _mZg§, níMmV² H$m{`H§$ dmM{ZH$_²B{V AH«y$añVwVm¡ CŠV§ gw~mo{YÝ`m§ VX² Cnnm{XV§ eaUmJ{VàH$aUo B{V M. VXod{ddoH$Y¡ m©l o {ddoH$Y¡ © mo… {Zê$nUoZ H$m{`H$_²Ÿ, Aml`{Zê$nUoZ _mZg§, dmM{ZH§$M CŠV_². AÌm{n H$maU§ JdXZwJ«hEd B{V ""gmo@h§ ËdmL²>K«r''ŸË`Ì AH«y$añVwVm¡à{Vnm{XV_².

(ŸV.Xr.{Z.à.Amd.^“.2Ÿ&255).

(5)BX_od {d{ZpíMË` H¥$îUmo ôÒw©Z_~«drV²Ÿ&""_m_od o ànÚÝVo _m`m_² EVm§ VapÝV Vo''Ÿ&&EdH$maoU gd}fm_² AZwnm`Ëd_² Amh {hŸ&kmZmXrZm§ {h gd}fm§ VXYrZËdV… gXmŸ&{dídmg§ gd©VñË`ŠËdm H¥$îU_od ÔoX² ~wY…Ÿ&&Z ÑîQ>… lwVnydm} dm ÔZ² H¥$îU_Zm_`_²Ÿ&Z _wŠV… gd©Wm `ñ_mX² Jmoß`mo JmdñVWm@^dZ²Ÿ&&AmnmVVñVw gd}fm_² Cnm`Ëd§ _`mo{XV_²Ÿ&{dîUmo… H¥$nm{d{eîQ>mZm§ VË\$b§ ZmÝ`Wm ^doV²Ÿ&&`ÝZ `moJoZ gm’çoZ XmZd«VVnmoÜda¡…Ÿ&ì`m»`mñdmÜ`m`g§Ý`mg¡… àmßZw mX² `ËZdmZ{nŸ&&Vñ_mV² Ëd_² CÕdmoËg¥Á` MmoXZm§ à{VMmoXZm_²Ÿ&àd¥qÎm M {Zd¥qÎm M lmoVì § lwV_od MŸ&&_m_oH$_od eaU_² AmË_mZ§ gd©Xo{hZm_²Ÿ&`m{h gdm©Ë_^mdoZ `mñ`go ô`Hw$Vmo `_²Ÿ&&BË oH$mXegd©ñd§ ^JdmZ² ñd`_² CŠVdmZ²Ÿ&

87 88

AmË_mZ§ {h ñd § doX Vñ_mX² AÝ`dMmo _¥fmŸ&&(V.Xr.{Z.2Ÿ&304-311)

(6)(ŸànÎmm¡ Xr{jVmZm§ d¡îUdmMman[anmbZnamUm§ H¥$Vo gßV{dY^ŠVo… CnXoe…Ÿ)

bãÜdmZwJ«h_² AmMm`m©V² lrH¥$îUeaU§ OZ…Ÿ&Yma oV² {VbH§$ _mbm§ d¡îUdmMmaVËna…Ÿ&&gd©ñd§ h[agmËH$m ª Ë`OoV² gd©_² Ad¡îUd_²Ÿ&qhò-H$må`m-@Ý`XodmMmª `{X {ZË § M bm¡{H$H$_²Ÿ&&nyd© mÊS>m{XH§$ gdª n[aË`Á` {dew{ÕV…Ÿ&ldUm{X1-7namo {ZË § hao… ào_mñnXmo ^doV²Ÿ&&haoJw©UmZm§ ldU§ Á``moä`… e¥Uw mV² gXm1Ÿ&OmV{ej… `dr`moä`… H$sV© oX² AÝ`W¡H$b…2Ÿ&&A{VgwÝXaê$nm{U brbmYm_m{Z g§ñ_aoV²3Ÿ&nmXgodm hao… H$m`m© gd©gånpÝZHo$VZ¡…4Ÿ&&AM©Z§ àË`h§ Vñ` {d{YZm {Z`_oZ M5Ÿ&dÝXZ§ MaUmå^moOo Vñ` ^mdZ`m{Ibo6Ÿ&&Xmñ § VXoH$eaU§ VËàgmX¡H$^moOZ_²7Ÿ&Ed§ gßV{dYm ^pŠV… ànÝZm{YH¥$Vm ^doV²Ÿ&&

(gmYZXr{nH$m.24-30)

(7)VÌmXm¡ eaU§ `mV… qH$ Hw$`m©{X{V MmoÀ`VoŸ&lr_XmMm ©_mJu`JwéUm eaU§ JV…Ÿ&&Ÿ9Ÿ&&ñdm{_ËdoZ h[a¨ ñd§ Vw godH$ËdoZ ^md oV²Ÿ&bm¡{H$H§$ d¡{XH§$ dm{n {dXÜ`mX² ^pŠV{gÕ oŸ&&Ÿ10Ÿ&&ZmÝ`_mJm©l`mo Z¡d XoemÝVag_ml`…Ÿ&

Z¡d VrWm©l`mo Z¡dm{^_Vo… H$V¥©Vml`…Ÿ&&Ÿ11Ÿ&&Z¡d _ÝÌg_mYmamo Z M H$_m©{XH$ml`…Ÿ&gd©Xmof{Zd¥Î`Wª Y_©ËdoZ ham¡ Ñ{eŸ&&Ÿ12Ÿ&&{ddoH$mXoa^mdoZ X¡Ý oZmW©Ëd^mdZ_²Ÿ&ñdH$m_nyaUmWm© nyUm©ZÝXËddoXZ_²Ÿ&&Ÿ13Ÿ&&Z gmYZ¡ ©doÝ_mojmo h[aaod VXmË_H$…Ÿ&VXr`Vm`m… g§nÎmm (?) _wŠVËdoZ¡d {MÝVZ_²Ÿ&&Ÿ14Ÿ&&AVEd {ZamH$m¬m _mojV… H¥$îUgodH$m…Ÿ&Xoem{XgmYZ§ H¥$îU… nwéfmW©íMVw{d©Y…Ÿ&&Ÿ15Ÿ&&Ed§ _Z{g gVV§ {MÝVZr § à`ËZV…Ÿ&àm`píMÎmm{Xfw _{VZ© H$m`m© eaU§ d«OoV²Ÿ&&Ÿ16Ÿ&&CnpñWVofw Xmofofw gd}îdW {deofV…Ÿ&&gweŠ oîdß`eŠ ofw haoJ©{V_W ñ_aoV²Ÿ&&Ÿ17Ÿ&&AÝ`ml`mo Z¡d H$m`m} Z¡dmÝ`Ì ñdVmo d«OoV²Ÿ&àmW©Zm Z¡d Hw$Ìm{n H$V©ì`m ^JdË`{nŸ&&Ÿ18Ÿ&&A{dídmgmo Z H$V©ì`mo ~«÷mñÌñ` {ZXe©ZmV²Ÿ&bm¡{H$Ho$ d¡{XHo$ dm{n H$m } g“§ {ddO© oV²Ÿ&&Ÿ19Ÿ&&`WmH$WpÄMV² H$V©ì o ^madÎmÌ ^mdZ_²Ÿ&gd©Ì __Vm§ Ë`ŠËdm gdª H$m ª àgmY oV²Ÿ&&Ÿ20Ÿ&&bmo § M öX o Z¡d Hw$`m©V²Ÿ, àmßV§ {h god oV²Ÿ&eaUñ`m{n o Y_m©ñVpËgÕm¡ eaU§ d«OoV²Ÿ&Ÿ21Ÿ&&{ddoH$Y¡ }@{n gXm lrH¥$îUml`nmofHo$Ÿ&VX²J«ÝWoä`mo@dJË`m{n à`ËZmX² ö{X ^md oV²Ÿ&&Ÿ22Ÿ&&Ed_² Am{lVY_m}@ § g§jonoU {Zê${nV…Ÿ&Am{lË` dëb^mMm ©Z² ~wÕd¡d§ H¥$îU_ml oV²Ÿ&&Ÿ23Ÿ&&

(Ÿlrh[a.e.g.go.{Zê$.9-23Ÿ).

89 90

&&ŸA_¥VdMZmdbrŸ&&

(1) Omo H$Q>moar (JhZo) Y[aHo$ gm_J«r AmB© gmo Vmo ^moJ lrR>mHw$aOr Amnhr Ho$ Ðì`Hw§$ AmamoJo gmo Amn hr H$mo ^`mo. Omo lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo Ðì` Im`Jmo gmo_oamo Zmqh Aé _oamo godH$ ^JdXr` hmo Jmo gmo XodÐì` H$~hÿ§ Z Im`Jmo. OmoIm`Jmo gmo _hmn{VV hmo`Jmo. VmVo dm àgmX_|Vo ^moOZ H$[adoH$mo AnZmoA{YH$ma Z hVmo; `mHo${bE JmoAZ²H$m| Idm`mo Aé lr`_wZmOr_| nYam`mo. `hgw{ZHo$ g~ d¡îUd Mwn hmo aho.

(_hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©, 13)

(2) YZm{XH$s H$m_ZmH$s ny{V©Ho${b o Omo emñÌ{d{hV ldU-H$sV©Z-godmAm{X {H$ò OmVo h¢ CZH$mo H$_©_mJu` g_PZm Mm{hò. AnZr AmOr{dH$mMbmZoHo${b o YZmonmO©ZHo$ ê$n_| Omo h¢ CZH$mo Vmo IoVr-~m‹S>r O¡go ì`dgm`H$sVah "bm¡{H$H$ H$_©' hr H$hZm M{h o (Y_©-^pŠV gd©Wm Zht). _bàjmbm-ZmW© J§JmObH$m Cn`moJ H$aZodmboH$mo CgHo$ _bH$s g\$mB©go A{YH$ J§JmñZm-ZH$m \$b {_bVm Zht h¡. BVZm hr Zht, Ü`mZ XoZobm`H$ ~mV `h h¡ {H$ J§JmO¡gr n{dÌ Z{XHo$ ObH$m Eogm K¥{UV H$m ©Ho${b o Cn`moJ H$aZoHo$ H$maU dhnmnr ~ZVm h¡. Bgr Vah à wH$s godm-H$WmHo$ _mÜ`_go n¡go H$_mZodmboH$mogodm-H$WmH$m H$moB© ^r (ŸYm{_©H$-^pŠV_mJu`Ÿ) \$b Vmo àmßV Zht hr hmoVmh¡ àË wV Eogo AY_ AmMaUHo$ H$maU dh nmnH$m hr ^mJr hmoVm h¡.

(l{dQ²>R>bZmWOr Jwgm§B©Or, pŠVh§g)

(3) AnZo goì`-ñdê$nH$s godm Amn hr H$aZr. Am¡a CËgdm{X g_`mZw-gma, AnZo {dÎm AZwgma H$aZo, dóm yfU ^m§{V-^m§{VHo$ _ZmoaW H$ar gm_J«rH$aZr.

(lrJmoHw$bZmWà wMaU, 24ŸdMZm_¥V)

(4) O~ gÝVXmgH$mo gJamo Ðì` J`mo V~ lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm_| _§S>mZlrR>mHw$aOrHo$ amO^moJ Z ^`mo gmo _hmàgmX hÿ Z {b`mo. Q>H$mHo$ MyZH$mo Ý`mamo ^moJ

YaVo gmo amO^moJ OmZVo, _hmàgmX boVo, Amoa {ZË`H$mo ZoJ ~hmoV lrR>mHw$aOrHo$Ðì`gm| hmoVmo; VmVo AmnwZr amO^moJH$s godm {gÕ Z ^B© (OmZo). H$m{gXH$mo {X ogmo ZmamÙXmgH$mo {bI| Omo ""Vwåhmar à wVmV| EH$ {XZ amO^moJH$mo ZmJm n`m} Omo_oar gÎmmH$mo ^moJ Z Y`m}Ÿ!'' `m àH$ma gÝVXmg {ddoH$Y¡ m©l`H$mo ê$n {XIm o.{ddoH$ `h Omo lrJwgm§B©OrH$mo hÿ§S>r nR>mB©Ÿ-ŸAmnwZr godm Z ^B©Ÿ-ŸamO^moJH$mo ZmJm_mZo. Y¡ © `h Omo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ Ðì`_|Vo ImZ-nmZ Z {H$ o. Aml` `h Omo _Z_|AmZÝX nm oŸ•ŸXw…IŠboe Z nm o.

(lrh[aam` _hmà w, mdàH$me 84Ÿd¡îUdZH$s dmVm©-76)

(5) nm[al{_H$Ho$ ê$n_| {dÎm Xo Ho$ H$moB© XygaoHo$ Ûmam godm H$amB© Omdo Vmo{MÎm_| Ah§H$ma Vmo ~‹T>o hr h¡ naÝVw Eogr IarXr ^B© godmgw {MÎm ^JdmZ²_| H$^rMm|Q> Zht gHo$ h¡. ^JdËgodmW© H$moB© Xygaogy§ nm[al{_H$Ho$ ê$n_| YZm{XH$ {b oOmdono Vmo, O¡go n§S>m-nwamo{hVZ²Hw§$ `k-`mJm{XH$mo \$b Zht {_bo h¡ naÝVwÒ_mZZ²Hw§$ hr {_bo h¡, dogo hr godmH$Vm©H$s godm {Zî\$b ~Z Om` ho.e‘>mŸ:ŸÒ_mZ O¡go X{jUm Xo Ho$ nwamo{hVZ²Ho$ Ûmam `k`mJ H$am bodo h¡ d¡go hr^JdËgodm (ŸAmOH$b O¡go nw{ï>_mJu` hdobrZ²_| d¡îUdJU Jwgm§B©-_w{I`m-^rV[a`m-g_mYmZrH$s ~Q>m{b`Zgy§ H$adm bodo h| dm VahŸ:ŸAZwdmXH$Ÿ) H$ambodo_| Š`m ~wamB© h¡Ÿ? g_mYmZŸ:Ÿ`m e‘>mH$mo o g_mYmZ OmZZmo Omo H$_©_mJ©_|Eogmo H$aZmo {d{hV hmodogw§ nwamo{hVZ²gy§ H$_© gånÝZ H$am boZmo Amn{ÎmOZH$ Zhth¡. ^pŠV_mJ©_|, naÝVw, `m Vahgy§ ^JdËgodm H$am bodoH$mo H$ht {dYmZ CnbãYZht hmo dogy§, H$moB© XygaoHw§$ YZ Xo Ho$ godm H$amZmo AZw{MV hr ho. ^pŠV_mJ©_|Vmo ^JdXwŠV àH$magy§ (Ÿ{ZO Ka_| {ZO n[aOZZ²Ho$ gh`moJÛmam {ZOr VZ-_Z-YZgy§ hrŸ) ^JdËgodm H$aZr M{h o.

(Jmoñdm_r lrnwéfmoÎm_MaU, {gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr{dd¥{VàH$me-2)

(6) ""AÌ J¥hñWmZ{dYmZoZ, ñdJ¥hm{Yð>V-ñdê$n-ÔZ-n[aË`mJoZ AÝ`ÌVËH$aUo {º$: Z d{V, B{V gy{MV§ d{V AWm©V²'' hm§ godmon`moJr ñWmZHo$ ê$n_|{ZO KaH$mo {dYmZ CnbãY hmodogy§, AnZo Ka_| {~amOVo R>mHw$aOrH$r godm N>moS> Ho$ H$moBXÿgar OJh (AWm©V² hdobrZ²‘|, Oogo AmOH$b, |Q>-gm‘J«r MT>m Ho$ {ZË¶ ¶m ‘ZmoaWZH$s P§mH$s H$a boZmo d¡îUdZ²Zo nw{ï>‘mJ©‘| na‘Y‘© ‘mZ {b¶mo ho dogo) JdËgodm H$adodmboZ²Hw§$

91 92

H$^r ^{º$ {gÕ Zht hmo gHo$ ho.(lr d„^mË‘O-lr~mbH¥$îUOr : {º$d{Y©Zrì¶m»¶m 2)

(7) Omo lrdëb^Hw$b h¢ do Vmo AmnwZo goì`ñdê$nn| H¡$gmo ñZoh amIV h¢ OmoEH$ R>m¡a Ðì`H$s T>oar H$amo Am¡a Xygar R>m¡a lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| nYamdmo Vmo lrdëb-^Hw$b dm Ðì`H$s Amoa XoI|Jo hþ Zmht; Aé lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| A{VñZohgm| nYam`b|Jo. n[a Omo `m H${bH$mo Ord h¡ dmHw§$ Vmo Ðì` ~hþV {à` h¡. Vmgm| dmo VmolrR>mHw$aOr gÝ_wI hþ Zmht XoIoJmo Aé Ho$db d¡ dHw§$ XoIoJmo Aé _mo{hV hmoOmòJmo.

({Z.br.Jmo.lr_Q²>Qw>Or _hmamO, 32 dMZm_¥V; dMZm_¥V-5)

(8) bm¡{H$H$ AW©H$s BÀN>m am{IHo$ Omo ^JdX² OZ_| àd¥Îm hmo gmo gd©WmŠboe nmdo ho. BVZo H$Ny> |Q>-gm_J«r {_{b Om o Eogo bm^Ho${b o nyOm{XH$_|àd¥Îm hmo gmo "nmI§S>r' Amoa "XodbH$' H$ôçmo Om` ho. Vmgy§ bm^nyOmW© {gdmÒm_| {ZfoY Zht ho Eogr ar{Vgy§ ""_oamo bm¡{H$H$ {gÕ hmo '' Eogr BÀN>mgy§ OmoÔZ_| àd¥Îm ^`mo hmo gmo "bmoH$mWu' H$ømo Om` h¡.

({Z.br.Jmo.lrZ¥qghbmbOr _hmamO, {gÕmÝV_wŠVmd{b-Q>rH$m íbmoH$Ÿ16-17)

(9) lrCX`nwa Xa~maHw§$ Amerdm©XŸ! `mHo$ Ûmam gy{MV {H$`mo Omdo ho {H$Mb-AMb gån{ÎmHo$ Am{W©H$ VWm ñdm{_ËdH$s ì`dñWmHo$ ~mao_| `mo½`ì`pŠVZ²H$s EH$ gbmhH$ma g{_{V {Z wŠV H$a br JB© ho. godm Am{X {df`Z²_|nwamVZ VWm àdV©_mZ àUm{bHo$ AZwgma H$m_ {H$`mo Om oJmo; Amoa `{X nwamVZnaånamH$mo ~mY Z hmoVmo hmo Jmo Amoa g{_{V H$moB VahHo$ gwYmaH$s BÀN>m aIVrhmo`Jr Vmo Eogo gwYma ^r ñdrH$mao Om`|Jo. Amoa lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo Ðì` AnZoì`pŠVJV Cn`moJ_| Zht dmn`m} Om oJmo, Oogr {H$ naånam AmO ^r ho hr, Amoa`mHw§$ {Z^m`mo Om oJmo. Vmo ^r _oao nyd©OZ²Ho$ g_`gy§ Mbo Am aho _oao ñdm{_ËdHo$hŠH$ dm hr Vah H$m`_ ah|Jo.

(Jmoñdm_r {VbH$m`V {Z.br.Jmo.lrJmodY©ZbmbOr _hmamO, lrZmWÛmam, S>o-ŠboaoeZ, {_{V mÐewŠbm nÄM_r, {d.g§.1948=Vm.5-9-1893)

(10) _hmamOHw§$ Omo Am_XZr d¡îUd Am{XZ²gy§ hmodo ho dm_|gy§ KaIMm©Ho$ê$n_| _hmamO R>mHw$aOrH$s godmH$mo IMm© {Z^md| h|. R>mHw$aOrHo${b o Mb `mAMb gån{Îm AbJgy§ {ZH$mbHo$ dm_|gy§ R>mHw$aOrH$s godmH$mo IM© {Z^m`mo ZhtOmdo ho. R>mHw$aOrHo$ d¡ dH$mo, ZoJ^moJH$mo, Am yfU-dó Am{XH$mo IM© _hm-amO ñd § AnZr Am_XZrHo$ AZwgma {Z^mdo h|... R>mHw$aOrHo$ gÝ_wI |Q> YarZht Om gHo$... R>mHw$aOrH$s |Q> Xod_pÝXa_| oOZr n‹S>o ho. _hmamO dm |Q>Hw§$AnZo Cn`moJ_| bm Zht gH|$.

({Z.br.Jmo.lrdmJrebmbOr _hmamO, A_aobr, lrdmJrebmbOrHo$ Am_-_wIË`maŸ:Ÿ""A_aobrhdobr ì`pŠVJV h¡ m gmd©O{ZH$'' _wX²Xona gZ²Ÿ1909-10Ÿ_| Jm`-H$dmS>r ~‹S>m¡Xm amÁ`H$s H$moQ>©_| Xr JB© Ow~mZr)

(11) O¡go AnZo nyd©nwéf ñd § AnZo Y_©Ho$ gË`ñdê$n VWm ewÕmÛ¡V{gÕmÝVHw§$ nyU©V`m g_PHo$ d¡îUdY_©H$mo `Wm©W CnXoe bmoJZ²Hw§$ XoVo hVo; Am¡a _Ü`dVuH$mb_| Omo gån{Îm Am{XHo$ H$maUZ²gy§ h_Zo ~hmoV hX² VH$ N>mo‹S> {X o h|, m H$maUgy§A{YH$m§e bmoJZ²_| gmYmaU godm Am¡a Ho$db {dÎmOm pŠV H$s hr ê${‹T>Ho$ AZwgmaOmZH$mar ~M J`r ho.

(nÄM_J¥hmYre {Z.br.Jmo.lrXodH$sZÝXZmMm ©Or, H$m_dZ, _w§~B©Ho$ d¡îUd-Z²Hw§$ {b{IV nÌŸ:Ÿ"Aml`' A{àb 87 Ho$ A§H$_| àH$m{eV)

(12) h_mam à_wI {gÕmÝV h¡ "Ag_{n©V Ë`mJ'. CÎm_ Cnm` Vmo `hr h¡{H$ Ka_| Omo ^r agmoB© ~Zo dh à wH$mo ^moJ YaHo$ ~mX_| hr _hmàgmX {b`mOm`. ... Ohm§ VH$ Ag_{n©VH$m Ë`mJ Zht hmoJm dhm§ VH$ ~w{Õ AÀN>r Zhthmo gH$Vr. gmZw mdVm H$~ {gÕ hmo gH$Vr h¡Ÿ? O~ h_mar ~w{Õ {Z_©b hmo.... AmO h_ hrao (ŸKa_| {~amOVo goì` à wŸ) H$mo naI Zht gH$Vo. gÀMohraoH$mo Om¡har hr naI gH$Vm h¡. pñW{V Š`m h¡ {H$ h_ OyR>o hraoH$mo gÀMm_mZH$a CgrHo$ nrN>o (Ÿhdobr-_pÝXam|_|Ÿ) Xm¡‹S> bJm aho h¢. lr_hmà wOrZo Vmo{Z{Yê$n gÀMm hram h_H$mo {X`m h¡. ^JdmZ² JrVm_| H$hVo h¢ {H$ ""{Xì §XXm{_ Vo Mjw… ní` _o `moJ_rída_²''. ^JdmZ²H$mo nhMmZZoHo${b o Vmo {Xì`VmàmßV hmoZr Mm{h o. {Xì`Vm hr AmË_~b h¡. ... AV… _oam Vmo Amn bmoJm|go

93 94

gmJ«h AZwamoY h¡ {H$ AmË_~b àmßV H$aZoHo${b o AnZm Hw$N> X¡{ZH$ {Z`_~ZmB© o. fmoS>eJ«ÝWHo$ nmR>H$m {Z`_ brOr o.

({ÛVr`J¥hmYre {Z.br.Jmo.lr{J[aYabmbOr _hmamO, BÝXm¡a-ZmWÛmam, lr-_X²dëb^ AZo lrh[aam`Or OrdZXe©Z, mJ-2, dMZm_¥V 7Ÿ, n¥ð>Ÿ124)

(13) dH$sbŸ:Ÿ`{X H$moB© ^r nw{ï>_mJu` _pÝXa_|, d¡îUd lrR>mHw$aOrH$sgodm Am¡a ZoJ-^moJ Ho${b o; Am¡a lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godmHw§$ {Z^mdoHo${b o |Q>Am{X Xo Ho$ {dÎmOm godm H$aVo hm| Am¡a dm _pÝXa_| VZwOm godm ^r H$aVo hm|Vmo dmo ""_pÝXa nw{ï>_mJu` Zht hmodo '' Eogo AmnH$mo H$hZmo hoŸ?

ny.nm._hmamOlrŸ:Ÿnw{ï>_mJu` d¡îUdZ²Ho${b o ñdVÝÌV`m VZwOm m {dÎmOmgodm H$adoH$s H$moB© à{H«$`m Zht ho. Am¡a Eogr godm H$s OmVr hmo Vmo dmHw§$gmåàXm{`H$ _pÝXa Zht H$ôçmo Om gHo$.

({Z.br.Jmo.lrd«OaËZbmbOr _hmamO, gwaV ""Z{‹S> mXH$s hdobr d¡ pŠVH$ ho m gmd©O{ZH$'' {ddmX_|nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ {deofk gmjrHo$ ê$n_| Xr Ow~mZr)

(14)...`m hr Vah AnZo `hm§ Omo gÝ_wI |Q> Yar Om` ho dmo ^r XodÐì`hmodo ho; Am¡a dm gm_J«rHw§$ H$m__| Zht {b`mo Om` h¡. lrJmoHw$bZmWOr Am¡alrMÝÐ_mOr Ho$ Ka_| AmO r o {Z`_ nmë`mo Om` ho. dhm§ Omo gÝ_wI |Q> Amdoho, dmHw§$ H$sV©Zr`m-_hmd{Z`m bo Omdo ho. dmo dëb^Hw$bH$mo lr`_wZmOrH$mon§S>m ho. Xygamo H$moB© dmH$mo AZwH$aU H$ao Vmo dmo AZw{MV h¡... h_ lrZmWOrHo$gm_Zo Omo gÝ_wI |Q> Ya| h¢ dmo lr_hmà wOrH$s nmXwH$mOrHw§$ Ya| h¢ {\$a ^r dmoAm yfUZ²_| dmnar Omdo h¡, gm_J«r_| Zht. gÝ_wI |Q> Yado_| ~hmoV AZmMmahmodo h¡. `m Vahgy§ Am`mo Ðì` "XodÐì`' ~Zo ho...dmHw§$ bododmboH$s ~w{Õ {~J‹S>o{~Zm Zht aho h¡.

({Z.br.Jmo.lraUN>mo‹S>bmbOr _hmamO, amOZJa, dMZm_¥V.484-87)

(15/H$) d¡îUdZ²Ho$ nmg Omo ^r na_ nXmW© h¡ dmH$mo ApñVËd AmOHo$ hr{XZH$mo Am^mar h¡. H$mbH$s ^rfUVm Am¡a n[apñW{VH$s {df_Vm Ho$ AË`ÝV{dH$Q> `wJ_| lr_Ëà^wMaUZ²Ho$ {Xì` {gÕmÝVZ²Ho$ D$na AQ>b ahdona hr

Ord_mÌH$mo Eo{hH$ Am¡a nmabm¡{H$H$ H$ë`mU hmo nmdoJmo. AÝ`ml`Ho$ Ë`mJH$s^mdZmno OJV²Ho$ Ord Ñ‹T> ah| Vmo d¡îUd-hdobrZ²Ho$ d¡ dHo$ H$maU Omo d¡îUdKagodmHw§$ yb MwHo$ hVo, g§ moJdemV² CZ hdobrZ²_| lrHo$ Xe©Z AmO ~ÝX ^ oh¢ `mgw§ A~ d¡îUdZ²Ho$ Ka nwZ… ^JdËgodmgy§ {H$b{H$bmVo hmo Om |Jo. o bm^gåàXm` Am¡a gåàXm`rZ² Ho${b o _m_ybr Zht ahoJmo. B©ídaoÀN>m AZmH$bZr`hmodo h¡. _moHw§$ Vmo lÕm h¡ Ho$ `m H${R>Z narjm_| h_ g^rZ²H$mo lo hr {gÕhmododmbmo h¡.

(15/I) _oao AZw m`rZ²Hw§$ Xmo àH$maH$s Xrjm XC§ h§y. àW_ H§$R>r ~m§YZrVWm Xygar ~«÷gå~ÝYXrjm. H§$R>r-~m§YZr gmYmaU d¡îUdZ²Hw§$ hr Xr Omdo hoVWm ~«÷gå~ÝY {deofê$ngy§ CZ AZw m`rZ²Hw§$, Omo godm_| {deofê$ngy§ AmJo~‹T>Zmo Mmho h|. nhbr XrjmHw§$ "eaU-Xrjm' H$h| h¢ VWm Xygar XrjmHw§$"AmË_{ZdoXZ' H$h| h¢. eaUXrjmgy§ d¡îUd {g\©$ Zm_ñ_aU H$adoH$mo hr A{Y-H$mar ~Zo h¡ Vmo godmdmbo d¡îUdHw§$ ~«÷gå~ÝYXrjm bodoHo$ ~mX hr A{YH$ma{_bo ho. ~«÷gå~ÝY bodo dmbmo d¡îUd AnZo Ka_| hr godmH$mo A{YH$mar hmodoho... h_ ñdê$nH$s godm ZÝXmb`H$s ^mdZmgy§ H$a| h|. `m{b o h_ gmVm|Ho$ gmVnwÌZ²Ho$ Ka "Ka' hr H$hbmdo h¢ Amoa h_mao KaH$s g¥{ï> "Vrgao-KaH$s-g¥{ï>'H$hbmdo h¡.

(15/J) lrAmMm ©MaUHo$ {gÕmÝVmo_| ^JdËgå~ÝY Am¡a ^JdËgodm H$mohr àYmZVm Xr J`r Wr. ~mX_|, n[ab{jV hmoVm h¡ {H$, Cg_| ^r Hw$N> AÝVaAm J`m. ... lrAmMm ©MaUHo$ Am¡a lrà wMaUHo$ godH$, h_ XoI gH$Vo h¢{H$, g^r àH$maHo$ h¢. Eogm Zht h¡ {H$ A_wH$ {d{eï> ì`pŠV hr ^JdËgodm-Ho${b o `mo½` hmoVm h¡ Am¡a A_wH$ n[apñW{V_| hr ^JdËgodm hmo gH$Vr hmo. EogmH$moB© ^r CëboI Zht {_bVm h¡. AZoH$ àH$maHo$ Ord ^JdËgodm H$aVo Wo. CZ_|ñ_emZdmgr, doí`m Am{Xgo boH$a AÀN>o {dÛmZ² ~«m÷U ^r Wo. AmOHo$ g_`_|,_wPo àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$, h_ CZ M[aÌm|H$mo yb H$a nrN>ogo _w»` ~Z J o EogoHo$db ^mdmË_H$ ê$nH$mo bo H$a ~¡R> J o h¢ {H$ Omo AmO ^r d¡îUdm|_| àM{bVh¡. ..._¢ _mZVm hÿ§ {H$ M[aÌm|H$m {dMma H$aZo_| {gÕmÝVm|H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVrh¡.

(V¥Vr`J¥hmYre {Z.br.Jmo.lrd«O yfUbmbOr _hmamO, H$m§H$amobr, HŸ :Ÿlr-_Ëà wMaU àmH$Q>çmoËgd=Vm.24-12-48Ho$ {XZ _w§~B©Ho$ nw{ï>_mJu` d¡îUdZ²H$s g^m_|

95 96

AÜ`jr` àdMZ.(15/I) : ~`mZŸ:Ÿ_y{V©~m H$m`m©. ghm. H${_. XodñWmZ{d^mJ I§S>CX`nwa Ed§ H$moQ>m ~O[a o H${_eZ _w.H$m§H$amobr.\$mB©b g§»`m.1-4-64. lrÛmaH$mYr-e_pÝXa {XZm§H$ 7Ÿ&11Ÿ&65 (15/J) lr_X²dëb^ AZo lrh[aamÒr OrdZXe©Z, mJ-2, dMZm_¥V 20Ÿ_w§, n¥ð>Ÿ146,149Ÿ).

(16) AmO _moHw§$ AnZo öX`Ho$ CX²Jma H$hdo Xmo, _oamo öX` Ob aôçmo ho,_pÝXaZ²_| _mÌ Ðì`g§J«hH$s àd¥{Îm ~M JB© ho; Amoa dmohr AZW©Z²H$s O‹S> h¡.Eogo _pÝXaZ²Ho$ ApñVËdgy§ H$moB© bm^ Zht h¡. h_mamo gåàXm` gm_w{hH$ Zhtd¡ pŠVH$ h¡. gmd©H$m{bH$ VWm gmd©Xo{eH$ Adí` h¡ naÝVw gmd©O{ZH$ Zht.""H$aV H¥$nm {ZO X¡dr OrdZna'' `m CpŠV_| "{ZO' eãXH$mo à`moJ {H$`mo J`moh¡. X¡drOrd H$ht ^r hmo gHo$ h¢ naÝVw gmd©O{ZH$ ê$ngy§ Zht. AmO h_"nw{ï>'H$mo Zm_ bodoHo$ ^r A{YH$mar Zht h¢Ÿ! ... AmOH$mo h_mamo OrdZMmdm©H$-OrdZ hmo aôçmo ho. Š`m h_, AmO Om àH$maH$mo gåàXm` ho, dmHw§${OdmZmo Mmh| h¢Ÿ? `{X gÀMo gåàXm`Hw§$ Mmhmo hmo Vmo ñdê$ngodm Ka-Ka_|nYamAmo Ed§ Zm_godmno ^ma aImo... ^pŠVH$s àmpßV ñdJ¥h_| godm H$adogy§ hrhmo Jr. AmOHo$ BZ _pÝXaZ²gy§ H$moB© bm^ Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ BZ_| Ðì`g§J«hH$sàYmZVm Am J`r h¡; Amoa Ohm§ Ðì` BH$Ç>mo hmo h¡ dht AZW© hmo Omdo h¡. AmOgåàXm`H$mo {dH¥$V ñdê$n `mHo$ H$maU hr h¡.

({Z.br.Jmo.lrH¥$îUOrdZOr _hmamO, _w§~B©-_Ðmg, "dëb^{dkmZ'ŸA§H$Ÿ5-6Ÿdf©Ÿ1965)

(17/H$)h_ lrdëb^mMm ©OrH$s AmkmH$mo nmbZ H$hm§ H$a aho h|Ÿ? AnZo`hm§ J¥hgodm H$hm§ (ah J`r) h¡Ÿ? Ho$db _pÝXaZ²_| Xe©Zgy§ Š`m bm^ h¡Ÿ?lr_hmà wOrH$s Amkm h¡ ""H¥$îUgodm gXm H$m`m©'' . `{X lr_hmà wOr _pÝX-aHw§$ _w»` _mZVo Vmo AnZr VrZ n[aH«$_mZ²_| AZoH$ _pÝXa ñWm{nV H$a XoVo.lrJwgm§B©OrZo lr{JaYaOrHw§$ gmVñdê$nHo$ _ZmoaW H$aVo g_` `m àH$maH$sMoVmdZr Xr Wr. _pÝXañWmnZ H$aVo g_` CZHw§$ S>a hVmo Ho$ Ka_|gy§ R>mHw$aOr_pÝXa_| nYma Om |Jo. _oao {nVmOrZo H$b (Cn ©wÕ¥V dMZ_|) Omo H$ôçmo dmoAjae… gË` h¡. Vw_ AnZo KaZ²_| R>mHw$aOrHw§$ nYamAmo Am¡a godm H$amo.

(17/I) nw{ï>_mJu` àUm{bH$mHo$ AZwgma Q´>ñQ> hmoZmo C{MV Zht h¡.

lrAmMm ©MaUZo àË oH$ ~«÷gå~ÝYr OrdHw§$ Amkm Xr h¡ ""J¥ho pñWËdm ñdY-_©V…'' (^pŠVd{Y©Zr) AWm©V² J¥h_| ahHo$ ñdY_m©MaU H$aZmo M{h o. Jmoñdm_r~mbH$ ^r AmMm © hmodoHo$ ~mdOyX d¡îUd ^r h¢. AV… AmMm ©lrH$s CnamoŠVAmkmHw§$ nmbZmo CZH$mo ^r H$V©ì` h¡... AV… _oamo Vmo _mZZmo `hr h¡ Ho$AmMm ©MaUHo$ {gÕmÝVHo$ AZwgma d¡îUdZ²Hw§$ ñd §Ho$ Ka_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godmH$aZr M{h o Am¡a Y_©J«ÝWZ²H$mo nR>Z-nmR>Z H$aZmo M{h o. Zht Ho$ _pÝXaZ²_|OmHo$...Q´>ñQ> Vmo nw{ï>_mJu` àUm{bH$mgy§ g§JV hmododmbr ~mV Zht h¡ àË wVAnZr àUmbrH$mo §J H$adodmbr ~mV h¡.

({Z.br.Jmo.lrd«OmYreOr _hmamO, X{hga-_w~B©, H$-"dëb^{dkmZ'. A§H$5-6 df© 1965, I-"ZdàH$me' A§H$ 8 df© 8)

(18/H$)Am¡a O~ OZab npãbH$ Q´>ñQ> h¡ V~ R>mHw$aOrHw§$ Jmoñdm_rHo$gå~ÝYgy§ n¥WH²$ H$aHo$, R>mHw$aOrHw§$ g~ gån{Îm An©U H$aHo$, AWm©V² |Q> H$aHo$[abr{OAg E§S>m°_oÝQ>Ho$ ê$n_| ^ o do Q´>ñQ> h¢. Eogr AdñWm_| BZ Q´>ñQ>Z²gy§ OmoZoJ-^moJ Mbm`mo Omdo h¡, dmo XodÐì`gy§ Mbm`mo Om aôçmo h¡. XodÐì`H$moCn^moJ H$aZodmbmo AÝV_| XodbH$ hr hmodo h¡. lr_XmMm ©MaUZo à wH$s gmoZoH$sH$Q>moar {Jadr aIHo$ O~ ^moJ AamoJm`mo V~ AmnZo dm Ðì`gy§ g_{n©V gmamoH$mogmamo àgmX Jm`Z²Hw§$ Idm {X`mo. ò h¡ gmåàXm{`H$ {gÕmÝV. `m àH$maHo$AmXe©ê$n {gÕmÝVZ²H$mo Om (gmd©O{ZH$ _pÝXa-hdobrH$s) àWmgy§ {dZmehmodo, AmMm ©Z²Hw§$ XodbH$ ~Zm`mo Om`, dm àWmHw§$ {OVZr erK« gåàXm`gy§ hQ>mXr Om`, CVZmo hr lo `m_| Jmoñdm{_g_mO VWm d¡îUdg_mO H$mo {Z{hV h¡.

(18/I)^JdËgodm gåàXm`H$s AmË_ê$n àd¥{Îm h¡. AmMma godmH$mo A§Jh¡, godmHo$ AZwHy$b AmMmaH$mo nmbZ {H$`mo OmZmo M{h o. AmMma-nmbZHw§$à_wIVm XoHo$ ^JdËgodmH$mo Ë`mJ ^r C{MV Zht h¡. ^JdËgodm O¡go ^r ~Zo(ŸAnZo Ka_|Ÿ) H$amo...JwéKaZ²_| _V oOmo...`{X h_ ^JdX²Ðì`Hw§$ noQ>_| S>mb|JoVmo dmo AnamY h¡. J«ÝWZ²Ho$ AÜ``ZHo$ à{V h_Hw§$ g_mOHw§$ AmH¥$ï> H$aZmoM{hò.

({Z.br.Jmo.lrXr{jVOr _hmamO, _w§~B©-{H$eZJ‹T>, (18/H$)""AmMm`m}ÀN>o-XH$ Q´>ñQ> àWmgo nwOmarnZH$s ñWmnZm Kmoa {gÕmÝVhm{Z Ed§ Kmoa ñdê$nÀ w{V'' boI"lrdëb^{dkmZ' A§H$ 5-6 df© 1965Ÿ_| àH$m{eV dŠVì`)

97 98

(19/H$)O¡go ñdê$ngodm ñdmW©~w{Õde Am¡a bm¡{H$H$ H$m © g_PHo$ ZhtH$adoH$s lr_hmà wOrH$s Amkm h¡, d¡go hr Zm_godm ^r d¥Î`W© Zht H$aZrM{h`o, Eogr Amkm lr_hmà^wOr {Z~ÝY_| H$a| h¢... d¥Î`W© godm H$adogy§àË`dm`(Xmof) bJo h¡. O¡go J§Jm-O_wZm ObH$mo Cn`moJ JwXmàjmbZmW© Zht{H$`mo Om gHo$ h¡, d¡go hr godmH$mo Cn`moJ ^r d¥Î`W© Zht H$aZmo M{h o.

(19/I) VZ Am¡a {dÎm à wHo${b o dmn`m} Om` Vmo _Z ^r à w_| Adí`bJo hr h¡. AVEd lrdëb^Zo CnXoe {H$`mo h¡ Ho$ ""VpËgÕç¡ VZw{dÎmOm''._mZgr Omo nam h¡ dmo {gÕ H$aZr hmo Vmo VZw{dÎmOm godm Amdí`H$ h¡. VZ Am¡a{dÎm H$ht EH$Ì bJm`mo Om` Vmo {MÎm ^r dhm§ {XZ-amV b½`mo ah gHo$ h¡.XbmbrH$mo ì`dgm` H$adodmboHo$ ì`dgm`_| Ho$db VZgy§ l_ {H$`mo Omdo h¡naÝVw dm_| {dÎm ñd §H$mo bJm`mo Zht Omdo h¡. AVEd ~OmaHo$ ^mdZ²H$s KQ>-~‹T>_| XbmbHw§$ V{ZH$ ^r _mZ{gH$ {MÝVm hmodo Zht h¡... H$moB© ~ÀMmH$mo {nVmHo$db Q>çweZ \$s XoHo$ g_P bo h¡ Ho$ ~ÀMm narjm_| nmg hmo hr Om oJmo. BZVrZm|Hw§$ \$bàmpßV hmodo Zht h¡ Š`m|{H$ VZwOm-{dÎmOm XmoZm| Zht bJr. A~VZw{dÎm XmoZm| bJmdodmboHo$ {MÎmàdU hmodoH$mo CXmhaU XoI|Ÿ:ŸEH$ XwH$ZXmaXwH$mZ Am¡a _mb H$s IarXr_| ny§Or bJmHo$ ì`mnma ewé H$ao, gw~hgy§ amV VH$dhm§ CnpñWV ahHo$ O~ VZ ^r ì`mnma_| bJmdo h¡ Vmo `m H$maUgy§ {XZamV dmHw§$ì`mnmaHo$ hr {dMma AmVo aho h¢Ÿ:ŸAÀN>r Vah ì`mnma H¡$go H$ê§$Ÿ•ŸH¡$go ì`mnma~‹T>o... AV… nw{ï>_mJ©_| à w_| AmgpŠV {gÕ hmodoHo${b o _Zmod¡km{ZH$ à{H«$`mg_Pm`r J`r h¡ {H$ ^mdnyd©H$ ^ŠVHw§$ VZw{dÎmÛmam godm H$aZr M{h o.

(ny.nm.Jmo. lrJmo{dÝXam¶Or ‘hmamO nmoa~ÝXa : (19/H$) "gwYmYmam'n¥.114. (19/I) "gwYm{~ÝXþ' n¥.73 )

(20) dëb^‘V‘| ¶o {gÕmÝVV: JbV h¡ Amoa Eogo XodñYmZZ²Ho$ MT>mdmH$moàgmX ^r Im¶mo Zht Om gHo$ ho, ³¶m|{H$ dhm§ XodbH$Ëd hr àYmZ h¡. AmOHo$¶wJHw§$ XoIVo ^¶o Ohm§ Ý¶mg H$aZmo Amdí¶H$ h¡ dhm§ Cn¶w©³V {gÕmÝVZ²Hw§$Ü¶mZ‘| aI Ho$ hr Ý¶mg H$aZmo Amdí¶H$ h¡, Omgy§ XodbH$d¥{Îmgy§ ~ÀMmo OmgHo$. ¶{X Egr ì¶dñWm Zht H$s JB Vmo XodÐì¶ hmodoJmo, OmHo$ godZ H$adogy§AmMm¶© ñnï> H$h| h| {H$ ZH©$nmV hmo¶Jmo.

({Z.br.Jmoñdm‘r lraUN>moS>mMm¶©Or àW‘oe: ""h‘mar Ym{‘©H$ pñW{VH$mdV©‘mZ ñdê$n Ed§ ^{dî¶H$s ì¶dñWmhoVw à{VdoXZ'' ({XZmS²>H$: 25&2&81)n¥ð>. 12)

(21) Š`m|{H$ lrZmWOr ñd § dmHo$ ^moŠVm h¢ {H$ÝVw d¡îUd-d¥ÝX VWmgodH$JU ^r dm _hmàgmX bodo VH$Ho$ A{YH$mar Zht h¢. `h AmMm ©MaUHo$B{Vhmggy§ àË`j à_mU^yV h¡. dmHo$ _hmàgmX bodoH$mo Ho$db Jm`Hw§$ hrA{YH$ma h¡. AÝ`Wm dm XodÐì`Ho$ Cn^moJ H$adogy§ {ZíM` hr AY…nVZ h¡...g~ àH$maHo$ XmZ-M‹T>mdm d dgyb dgybr H$adoH$mo CëboI {H$`mo J`mo h¡, dmo^r gåàXm`Ho$ {gÕmÝVgy§ {ZVmÝV {déÕ h¡. AnZo gåàXm`H$s àUmbrHo$AZwgma Omo AnZo gåàXm`Ho$ godH$ h¢, CZH$moŸhr Ðì` Jwé-{eî`Ho$ gå~ÝYgy§boHo$ godm_| Cn`moJ H$am`mo Om gHo$ h¡. gåàXm`_| g~ àH$maHo$ XmZ-M‹T>mdmZ²H$moCn`moJ godm_| Zht {H$`mo Om` h¡; Amoa H$Xm{MV² H$ht {H$`mo OmVmo hmo Vmo dmogåàXm`Ho$ {Z`_Z²gy§ {déÕ hmodoHo$ H$maU ~ÝX H$a XoZmoŸŸM{h o.

(gßV_J¥hmYre ny.nm.Jmo.lrKZí`m_bmbOr, H$m_dZ, ""lrZmWÛmam {R>H$m-ZoHo$ à~ÝYH$s {Xëbr-`moOZmH$s AmbmoMZm, Vm.1-2-56'')

(22/H$) àíZŸ:Ÿ"XodÐì`' H$m`Hw§$ H$ho h¢Ÿ? "XodÐì`'H$mo _Vb~, XodH$moÐì`. Eogmo Ðì` `m nXmW© Omo XodHw§$ hr CX²Xoí` ~ZmHo$ An©U {H$`mo J`mo hmododmHw§$ "XodÐì`' H$ho h¢. `mhr àH$ma JwéHw§$ CX²Xoí` ~ZmHo$ An©U {H$ o J oÐì`Hw§$ "JwéÐì`' H$ôçmo Om` h¡.... _pÝXaZ²_| R>mHw$aOrHo$ gÝ_wI_| |Q> YaoOmVo Ðì`Hw§$ Am¡a Q´>ñQ>H$s Am°{\$g_| AmVo Ðì`Hw§$ Vmo ñnï> eãXZ²_| "XodÐì`'H$ôçmo Om gHo$ h¡; Am¡a dm Ðì`gy§ {gÕ hmoVr gm_J«r_| ^JdËàgmXr hmodoHo$~mX _hmàgmXnZmo Vmo Amdo h¡ naÝVw dmHo$ gmW dm_| XodÐì`nZmo ^r aho hr h¡.`mhr H$maU d¡îUdZ²Hw§$ Eogo _hmàgmXHw§$ XodÐì` g_PHo$ hr ì`dhma H$aZmoM{h o. Eogo _hmàgmXHw§$ bodo_| XodÐì`H$mo ~mY Vmo aho hr h¡.

(22/I) _pÝXaHo$ ñWbHo$ \o$a~XbHo$ ~mao_| lr Jmo.ny.108 lr~mbH¥$îU-bmbOrZo H$ôçmo {H$ nw{ï>_mJ©_| gmd©O{ZH$ _pÝXaH$s naånam Zht h¡. `m_|ì`pŠVJV ñdê$n, {ZOr ñdê$n, H$s hr ~mV h¡; Am¡a `mhr H$maU nw{ï>_mJ©_|godmàH$ma Xodmb`Ho$ àH$ma O¡gmo Zht h¡. _pÝXaH$mo {Z_m©U ^r Ka O¡gmo hmodo

99 100

h¡. H$ht ^r ÜdOm-{eIa Zht hmodo h¡. d¡îUd ^r Ka_| hr godm H$ao h¡ VWmdmHw§$ "_pÝXa' hr H$ho h¡...

({Z.br.Jmo.lr~mbH¥$îUbmbOr _hmoX`, gwaV,(22/H$)"d¡îUddmUr' A§H$Ÿ3,df©_mM© 1983.(22/I)"JwOamV g_mMma' A§H$ 25-5-93_| àH$m{eV)

(23) ...~«÷gå~ÝY boHo$ godm H$adogy§ àË oH$ BpÝÐ`Z²H$mo JdmZ²_| {d{Z`moJhmodo h¡... _pÝXa-JwéKa Ho$db CnXoeJ«hU H$adoHo${b o h¢. godm AnZHw§$ AnZoKaZ²_| H$aZr h¡.

("dëb^{dkmZ'A§H$ 5-6 df© 1965)

(24) àíZŸ:ŸAnZo gåàXm _| _pÝXaHw§$ "_pÝXa' Z H$hHo$ "hdobr' Š m| H$ôçmo Omdoh¡Ÿ?

CÎmaŸ:Ÿgm_mÝ`V`m BVa {hÝXw-gåàXm`_| "_pÝXa' eãX Xodmb`Ho$ AW©_|à wŠV hmodo h¡ naÝVw Eogo Xodmb`Ho$ ê$n_| _pÝXa O¡gr g§ñWmH$mo nw{ï>_mJ©_|ApñVËd hr Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$ nw{ï>_mJ©_| AnZo _mWo Omo à w nYam o Omdo h¢ doà wñdê$n Am¡a CZH$s godm haoH$Hw$ ì`pŠVJVê$n_| dmH$s ^mdZmHo$ AZwgmanYam o Omdo h¢. ñd §Ho$ lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm nw{ï>_mJu` OrdH$mo EH$_mÌ ñd §H$moH$V©ì` ~Z OmVmo ñd §H$mo hr Y_m©MaU h¡. nw{ï>_mJ©_| godm gm_w{hH$ OrdZH$mo{df` Zht naÝVw ì`pŠVJV OrdZH$mo {df` h¡. Oogo bmoH$_| nËZr AWdm _mVmH$mo n{V AWdm nwÌ H$s godm `m dmËgë` àXmZ H$adoH$mo dmH$mo ì`pŠVJV Y_©CÎmaXm{`Ëd Am¡a A{YH$ma hmodo h¡ dm hr Vah Om godH$Ho$ Omo goì`ñdê$n hmodoh¢ dm goì`ñdê$nH$s godm dmH$mo ì`pŠVJV Y_© Am¡a A{YH$ma hmodo h¡. godmH$moB© gmd©O{ZH$ H$m`© `m gmd©O{ZH$ àd¥{Îm Zht naÝVw godm Vmo ñd`§Ho$AmÝV[aH$ OrdZHo$ gmW gå~ÝY aIdodmbr ~mV hmodogy§ ñd`§Ho$ OrdZH$sñd §Ho$ Ka_| H$s Omdodmbr Y_©ê$n àd¥{Îm h¡... AV… BVa hdobrZ²H$s Vah O¡go"lrZmWOrH$mo _pÝXa' eãX, ê$‹T> hmo J`mo hmodogy§, à`moJ {H$`mo Omdo h¡.dñVwV… Vmo gm_w{hH$ Xe©Z `m godm Ohm§ H$s OmVr hmo Eogo AÝ`_mJu`gmd©O{ZH$ XodñWmZ O¡gmo dmo _pÝXa Zht h¡.

(ny.nm.Jmo.lrdëbâmÒr _hmamO, gwaV, "nw{ï>Zo erVb N>m§ S>o' n¥.g§.157-

101 102

158)

(25) lr_hmà wOrZo AbJ-AbJ _pÝXaZ²H$s àUmbr I‹S>r Zht H$ar;naÝVw `m_| OJX²Jwé lrdëb^mMm ©H$s EH$ XyaÑ{ï> hVrŸ:ŸàË oH$ d¡îUdH$mo KaZÝXmb` ~ZZmo M{hò... H$moB© _pÝXaHo$ n‹S>m¡g_| EH$ ~hZ aho h¡. dmHw§$ _pÝXaH$sAmaVrHo$ K§Q>mZmX gwZmB© n‹S>o h¢. godm H$adoHw§$ ~¡R>r ^B© dmo ~hZ R>mHw$aOrHo$ dó~‹S>o H$aHo$ ñZmZ H$amdo Om ahr hVr Eogo_| AmaVrHo$ K§Q>mZmX gwZmB© {X o. dmoR>mHw$aOrHw§$ dht dmhr AdñWm_| N>mo‹S>Ho$ _pÝXaH$s Va\$ Xm¡‹S> JB©. Wmo‹S>r XoaHo$~mX bm¡Q>Ho$ Ka AmB©. A~ {dMma H$amo {H$ `m Vahgy§ H$moB© godm H$ao Vmo dm_|AmZÝX H$^r Am gHo$ h¡ Š`mŸ? `hm§ Vmo àË oH$ d¡îUdH$mo Ka ZÝXmb` h¡.

(ny.nm.Jmo.gwlrBpÝXam ~oQ>rOr, dS>moXam "d¡îUdn[adma' A§H$ OyZ 90)

(26) ""A{V YÝ¶dmXmh© ho {H$ AmnZo BVZr ‘ohZV H$aHo$ gåàXm¶Ho${gÕmÝVZ²Hy§$ H$moQ>©‘| g‘Pm¶o''-""h‘mamo ¶m‘| nyamo gh¶moJ ahoJmo, VZ‘ZYZgo...h‘maog^r {M.~mbH$ ¶m H$m¶©‘| gh¶moJ H$adoHw§$ V¡¶ma h|''.

(ny.nm.Jmo.{M.lrh[aam¶Or(Om‘ZJa)Ho$ {gÕmÝV{Xð> {nV¥MaU {Z.br.Jmo.-lrd«O yfUbmbOr ‘hmamO : Jmo.í¶m‘ ‘ZmohaOr(nmbm©-{H$eZJT>) Hw§$ oOo {X.26-10-86 Am¡a 7-11-86 Ho$ nÌZ²‘|).

(27)Jmo.lrh[aamÒrŸ: Oam Ü`mZgo gwZ| ... ""VÌ A`_² AW©…. bm^nyOmW© -

ËZñ` CnY_©Ëd-XodbH$Ëdm{X'' ñnï> gwZ|, ""gånmXH$ËdmV²''... bm^-nyOmW©`ËZ H$aVm h¡ Omo godm H$aHo$, O~ dmo bm^-nyOmW© à`ËZ H$aVm h¡ Vmo dmoCnY_© hþdm; XodbH$Ëd Am{X Omo Xmof h¢ dmo Cg_| à{dï> hm|Jo. ...

Jmo.lrí`m__ZmohaOrŸ: AWm©V² `h Img Ü`mZ_| aIZm {H$ {Og ñdê$nH$s^mdà{Vð>m H$s J`r hmo Cg ñdê$nH$s ^r bm^ AWdm nyOm Ho${b o `{X godmH$s OmVr h¡ Vmo godm H$aZmdmbm XodbH$(nmnr) ~Z ahm h¡...

Jmo.lrh[aamÒrŸ: Am¡a CnY_©Ëd hmoVm h¡ ... Am¡a o {Z{fÕ h¡. ...Jmo.lrí`m__ZmohaOrŸ: Bg pñW{V_| Jwé AnZo bm^ AWdm nyOm Ho${b o

103 104

{eî`go Hw$N> ^r R>mHw$aOrHo${b o _m§JVm h¡ Vmo dh ... emó{Z{fÕ hmoZogo ...XmZ hmoZogo, XodÐì` hmoZogo Cn`moJ H$aZo `mo½` Zht hmoVm h¡.

Jmo.lrh[aam`OrŸ: hm§. {~bHw$b. ... o Vmo {~bHw$b ñnï> h¡. ... "ñdd¥-{ÎmdmX'go ^r ñnï> hmoVm h¡.

("nw{ï>{gÕmÝVMMm©g^m {dñV¥V {ddaU' n¥ð> 164, 193)

(28) ‘¡ Vmo EH$ hr ~mV H$hZr Mmhÿ§Jmo {H$ g‘mOHo$ ^rVa Am¡a AnZogåàXm`_| BVZmo A{YH$ {gÕmÝVd¡narË` hmo J`mo h¡ {H$ JwOamVHo$ EH$Jm§d_|...AnZo gåàXm`Ho$ hr Xmo _pÝXa h¢ Am¡a _pÝXaZ²H$s Xrdma ^r EH$ hrh¡; naÝVw...BVZmo bmoH$m{W©Ëd g_mO_| CËnÝZ hmo J`m h¡... gdoamo hmoVo hrMÝÐ_mOrdmbo d¡îUd ~mbH¥$îUbmbH$mo Omo _odm hmodo h¡ dmo MÝÐ_mOr_| bo Omdoh¢ Am¡a ~mbH¥$îUOrdmbo Omo d¡îUd hmodo h¢ dmo MÝÐ_mOrH$mo Omo _odm Am¡a àgmXhmodo h¡ dmHw$ ~mbH¥$îUbmbOr_| bo Amdo h¢Ÿ! Eogr O~aXñV hm|gmVm|gr d¡îU-dg_mO_| n¡Xm hmo JB© h¡ Ho$ _mZm| EH$-XygaoHo$ g§J ñnYm© H$aVo hmod|. Eogmo B©î`m©-ÛofH$mo dmVmdaU O~ godmHo$ joÌ_| CËnÝZ hmo Omdo Vmo dmgy§ ~‹T>Ho$ bmoH$m{W©ËdAmoa Š`m hmo gHo$ h¡Ÿ! ... Eogo g^r {gÕmÝVd¡narË`H$s \$µOrhV `{X gdm©{YH$H$ht hmoVr hmo Vmo JwOamV_| hmodo h¡. ^mJdV_| ^r {b»`mo h¡ Ho$ ""JwO©ao OrU©Vm§JVm…'' ^pŠV JwOamV_| AmHo$ ~y‹T>r hmo JB© h¡. AÝYmZwH$aU ~‹T>m hmo Vmo dhJwOamV_| ~‹T>m h¡. ... AV… {gÕmÝVH$s gË`{Zð>m ... Am¡a lr_hmà wOrHo$nw{ï>{gÕmÝVm| Ho$ gX²OmJaUH$s H$ht Amdí`H$Vm h¡ Vmo... JwOamV_|.

(ny.nm.Jmo.lrÐw{_bHw$_maOr, gwaV, ""nw{ï>{gÕmÝVMMm©g^m, {X.10-13ŸOZ-dar,92. nmb}-_w§~B©, {dñV¥V{ddaU'' n¥.317-318)

(29) nw{ï>_mJ© JwßV h¡, {XImdmHo${b o Vmo h¡ hr Zht, ^ŠV Am¡a ^JdmZ²Ho$ ~rM AmÝV[aH$ gå~ÝY ÑT> H$adoH$mo _mJ© h¡... XmoZm|Ho$ g§~§Y Eogo hmoZo M{h o{H$ H$moB© VrgaoHw§$ dmH$s OmZH$mar Z hmo nm o. AnZmo AnZo ^JdmZ²Ho$ gmW Š`mgå~ÝY h¡ `mHw§$ Xygao H$moB© ì`pŠVHw§$ OVmdoH$s Amdí`H$Vm hr Š`m h¡Ÿ? àe§gmnmdoHw§$Ÿ? ñd §H$s _hÎmm ~‹T>mdoHw§$Ÿ? o Vmo g^r Hw$N> ~mYH$ h¡.

(ny.nm.Jmo.{M.lrÛmaHo$ebmbOr, A_aobr-H$m§Xrdbr, "nw{ï>ZdZrV' n¥.12)

(30) àíZ : AmO Mb aho Omo {S>ñß wQ²> h¢ dm_| {H$VZoH$ {gÕmÝV M{M©Vhmo aho h¢ O¡go {H$ Z o _pÝXa Zht ImobZo, Q´>ñQ> _pÝXa Zht ~ZmZo, R>mHw$aOrHo$Zm_no Ðì` Zht boZmo, R>mHw$aOrHo$ Xe©Z Zht H$amZo, VWm {~Zm g_Oo-gmoMoH$moB©Hw$ ~«÷gå~ÝY Zht XoZmo. BZ g~ {df`_| AmnH$mo A{^_V Š`m h¡Ÿ?

CÎma : XoImo _pÝXaH$s Ohm§ VH$ pñW{V h¡ Vmo o ~mV gË` h¡ Ho$ nw{ï>_mJu`àH$magw§ _pÝXa Vmo _mÌ EH$ hr h¡; Amoa g~ KaH$s pñW{V hVr. ...AmO _pÝXa{OVZo h¢ AWdm {OZ ñWmZZ²Hw§$ AnZ _pÝXa g_Po h¢ dmo ñWmZ...dmHw$ AnZ_`m©Xmnw{ï> _pÝXa H$h gHo$ h¢, nw{ï>_pÝXa Zht. nw{ï>H$mo àH$ma Vmo _mÌ J¥hgodm_|hr h¡.

("AmMm ©lrdëb^', Am°JñQ>Ÿ1994, A§H$Ÿ5, nw{ï>_mJ©-dV©_mZ àíZ-CÎma 4, n¥.7)

(31) lr_hmà wOr Amkm H$ao h¢ Ho$ Xw{Z`m_| ^Q>H$Vo ahoVo AnZo _Z-{MÎm(Hw§$) lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ g“ Omo{S>Ho$ {dZH$s VZw-{dÎmOm godm H$aZr. VZw{dÎmH$sgodm AWm©V² ñd § Cnm{O©V AnZo YZgm|, AnZo hr Ka_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$s AnZo hrearagm| godm H$aZr gmo.

(ny.nm.Jmo.{M.lrdmJreHw$_maOr, dS>moXam-H$m§H$amobr, "dëb^r`MoVZm',Am°ŠQ>mo~aŸ15 2003, n¥.-4)

(32) {MÎm ^JdËào__| n[anyU© hmoB Om`, nyU©V: ^JdmZ²_| b{J Om`,VÝ_` Aé VëbrZ hmoB Om` h¡ V~ namgodm hmoV h¡. `mH$m| _mZgr godm H$ømoOm` h¡. `mHo$ g“ _Zwî`H$m| earagm| hþ godm H$aZr M{h o. ... VZwOm godmgm|earaH$s ew{Õ hmoV h¡. AhÝVm-Ah§nZ|H$mo Zme hmoV h¡. YZgm| H$ar OmVr godm"{dÎmOm'godm h¡. dmgm| __Vm-_oamonoZ|H$mo Zme hmoV h¡. AhÝVm Aé __VmEH$-XygaoHo$ g“ OwS>o ^ o ahV h¢ Vmgm| VZwOm Aé {dÎmOm godm EH$g“ H$aZrM{h o. `m_| àYmZVm VZwOm godmH$s h¡. Ho$db YZ Xo Xodogm| godm hmoV Zmht h¡.dmgm| Vmo ({MÎm_|)amOgr d¥{Îm hmoV h¡.

(fð>J¥hmYre ny.nm.Jmo.{M.lrÛmaHo$ebmbOr, dS>moXam, lr_X² JdÒrVm nw{ï>-Xe©Z, n¥.125)

105 106

(33)AmO \o$[a dmo g_` Am`mo h¡. dmgm| hþ H${R>Z g_` Am`mo h¡. dm g_`Vmo AÝ`_mJu` bmoJ _VZ²Hw§$ àñVwV H$[aHo$ «_ CËnÝZ H$aV hVo. n[a AmO VmoAnZo gåàXm`Ho$ hr "gwkOZ' lr_hmà wOrH$s dmUrH$mo {dnarV AW© H$[a ahoh¢, bmoJZ²Hy§$ nW «ï> H$[a aho h¢, X¡drOrdZ²Ho$ g“ Kmoa AÝ`m` H$[a aho h¢. Vmgm|hr A^r _hmà^w lrdëb^mYreHo$ d§eO nw{ï>_mJu` `wdm AmMm`©Z²Zo EH$"g§dmXñWmnH$_ÊS>b'H$s ñWmnZm H$arHo$ _wå~B©_| ... Mma {Xdg n ©ÝV EH$nw{ï>{gÕmÝV MMm©g^mH$mo Am`moOZ {H$`mo hVmo. ... g^m_| 35 _hmZw^mdAmMm © CnpñWV hVo. 28 Jmoñdm_r AmMm © _hmZw mdZ²Zo Jmo.Ÿlrí`m_ _Zmo-haOr _hmamlr ({H$eZJT>-nmbm©)Ho$ "{gÕmÝVdMZmdbr'Ho$ mdmZwdmXHw§$ gh_{VXrZr hVr. ... ny.nm.Jmo.lrh[aamÒr d«O yfUbmbOr _hmamOlr Om_ZJadm-aoZ²Zo nyÁ` Jmoñdm_r lrí`m_ _ZmohaOr _hmamOlrHo$ g“ {dZZo H$ao ^mdmZwdm-XHo$ _wX²XmZ²no MMm© àmaå^ H$sZr hVr. ... g_`Ho$ A^mdHo$ H$maU MMm©{ZU©`no nhþ§M Z gH$s. naÝVw dV©_mZ(_|) {H$VZoH$ MMm©ñnX, g§e`mñnX_wX²XmZ²H$s ñnï>Vm `m MMm©_| àmßV ^`r Omo dñVwV: EH$ ~‹S>r {g{Õ h¡. BVZmohr Zht naÝVw ZrMo ~Vm o _wX²XmZ²Ho$ {díbofU_| nyÁ` lrí`m_ _ZmohaOrHo$ g“gh_V hmo Ho$ nyÁ` lrh[aamÒrZo AnZo gåàXm`H$s CÎm_ godm H$sZr h¡Ÿ:

1. nw{ï>_mJu` goì`ñdê$n nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ ñdê$ngm| hr {~amOo h¢, doñdê$n nmN>| Mmho JwéHo$ goì` hmod| Ho$ {eî` (d¡îUd)Ho$ goì` hmod|.XmoC(ñdê$nZ²)_|V| H$moC_| hþ nwéfmoÎm_nZm| Ý yZm{YH$ hmoV Zmht.

2. nw{ï>_mJu` {gÕmÝV AZwgma H¥$îUgodm H$[adoH$mo ñWmZ J¥h hr hmoBgH$V h¡, gmd©O{ZH$ (ñWb) Zmht.

3. nw{ï>_mJu` ^JdËgodmHw$ YZH$s àmpßVH$mo gmYZ ~ZmZmo Zht M{h o.4. XodbH$ (Ÿ=Ÿ^JdËgodmHw$ YZàmpßVH$mo gmYZ AWdm AmOr{dH$mH$mo

gmYZ ~Zm`dodmaoŸ) ì`pŠVH$s godm {Z{fÕ H$jmH$s hmo dogm| (dmo) godmH$ado `mo½` Zmht h¡.

5. lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ Vm§B© H$mhþ àH$maHo$ XmZ- |Q> _m§JZo AWdm ñdrH$maZodmo emóÛmam {Z{fÕ h¡. BVZmo hr Zmht n[a bm^-nyOmHo$ hoVwgm| AnZo {b oÐì` AWdm H$mhþ dñVwH$mo ñdrH$maZmo dmo emóH$s Ñ{ï>_| F$UmZw~ÝYrXmofH$m| CËnÝZ H$[adodmamo hmo dogm| ~ÝYZH$mar h¡.

6. nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ {gÕmÝVmZwgma lrR>mHw$aOrHw§$ {ZdoXZ H$ao nXmW©Z²H$mo hrg_n©U hmoB gH$V h¡ Aé g_{n©V nXmW©Z²H$mo hr ^JdX² CpÀN>ï>ê$n_| àgmXboB gH$V h¢. lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ {b o XmZ AWdm |Q> Ho$ ê$n_| Am`r ^`rgm_J«rHw§$ àgmXHo$ ê$n_| br Zht Om gHo$ h¡ Š`m|Ho$ lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ {b o XmZAWdm |Q> Ho$ ê$n_| àmßV ^ o nXmW© (Ðì`)gm| Am`r gm_J«rHw§$ àgmXHo$ê$n_| nmN>r bodogm| "XÎmmnhma'H$mo nmn bmJV h¡.

7. godm Vmo emóH$mo {df` h¡. Vmgm| godmHo$ gå~ÝY_| emógm|•lr-_hmà wOrHo$ J«ÝWZ²gm| hr gd© {ZU© hmoB gH$V h¡, AÝ` H$mhþ àH$magm|Zmht.

(""g§ wŠVKmofUmnÌŸ:ŸA_XmdmX'', {_{V \$mëJwZ gw{XŸ7, lrdëb^mãX514, {X.11 _mM© 1992, XoI| : nw{ï>{gÕmÝVMMm©g^m, g§{jßV{ddaU, 1993)

hñVmja:{Z.br.Jmo. lrd«OamÒr-lrZQ>daJmonmbOr _hmamO (Ah_Xm~mX)ny.nm.Jmo.lrd«OoÝÐHw$_maOr _hmamO (Ah_Xm~mX)M.nr.ny.nm.Jmo.lrXodH$sZÝXZOr (JmoHw$b)ny.nm.Jmo.lrd«OoeHw$_maOr _hmamO(Ah_Xm~mX-H$S>r)ny.nm.Jmo.lramOoeHw$_maOr _hmamO(Ah_Xm~mX-H$S>r)ny.nm.Jmo.lrdëb^bmbOr _hmamO(Ah_Xm~mX-H$S>r)ny.nm.Jmo.lrO`XodbmbOr (H$m_m-Ah_Xm~mX-dra_Jm_)ny.nm.Jmo.lr_WwaoeOr (H$m_m-Ah_Xm~mX-dra_Jm_)ny.nm.Jmo.lrH$Ýh¡ mbmbOr (H$m_m-Ah_Xm~mX-dra_Jm_)ny.nm.Jmo.lrh[aamÒr (H$m_m-Ah_Xm~mX-dra_Jm_)

(34) VZwOm godm Am¡a {dÎmOm godm EH$ hr ì`pŠV H$ao V~ H$ht OmH$adh _mZgrH$mo {gÕ H$aVr h¡. Ho$db VZwOm H$abr `m Ho$db {dÎmOm H$abr VmoAhÝVm-__Vm Xya Zht hmoJr. ... H¡$goŸ? _¢ AmnH$mo EH$ CXmhaU XoVm hÿ§. ...Omo Kagodm H$aVo h¢ CZHo${b o Vmo H$mo àíZ Zht h¡. bo{H$Z `{X H$mo {dÎmOm godmH$aoJm Vmo g_P brOr o {H$ CgZo _pÝXa_| |Q> Xr. _ZmoaW {H$`m. CgH$s Amn

107 108

agrX b|Jo. ... V~ Amn H$h|Jo ""_¡Zo godm {bIm`r h¡''. Amn H$hVo h¢ ""_¡Zo godm{bIm`r h¡'' V~ AhÝVm H$hm§ Xya hþŸ? A~ Amn _ohVmOrgo Š`m _m§JmoJoŸ? "" o_oar agrX h¡, _oam àgmX bmAmo''. Vmo XoIr o, AhÝVm-__Vm_| h_ Am¡a ~§Y J o.Vmo Eogr godm g§gmaH$mo Xya Zht H$aoJr, g§gma_| ~m§YoJr. .... Ho$db `{X h_{dÎmOm H$aVo h¢ Vmo h_mao Ah§H$maH$mo ~T>mVo h¢. Am¡a AhÝVm Xya Z hmoJr, __VmXya Z hmoJr Vmo _mZgr H¡$go {gÕ hmoJrŸ? Š`m|{H$ g^r ~ÝYZH$m _yb AhÝVm-__Vm hr h¡.

(ny.nm.Jmo.lrÛmaHo$ebmbOr _hmamO, H$m_dZ-gwaV, Ÿ{gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr àd-MZ, ê$M, OZdar 2005)

(35) ""A_o Vmo amOZm Imgm Idmg _wpŠV _Z Z Amdo ao'' d«Om{YnH$mgodZ H$aZodmbo h_ _wpŠV Zht _m§JVo h¢. {\$a ^r nw{ï>_mJu d¡îUd ^mJdVgßVmh ~¡R>mH$a AnZo {nV¥Am|H$mo _mojHo$ _mJ©na oOVo h¢Ÿ! {nV¥_mojmW© ^mJdVgßVmhŸ! H$mo EH$gmo AmR>Ÿ! H$mo EH$ hOma AmR>Ÿ! ...AnZo {nV¥ Vmo JmobmoH$_|OmVo h¢Ÿ! CZH$mo dm{ng _moj_| Š`m| oOVo hmoŸ? ...^mJdV gßVmh nyar hmoOmZoHo$ ~mX _mbm nhoam_Ur (Ÿgm¡amï´>H$s EH$ d¡îUd naånamŸ)ŸH$s OmVr h¡ Am¡aH$hVo h¢ {H$ A~ JmobmoH$ Ym_ ...A~ JmobmoH$ Ym__| oOZm h¡Ÿ! _Vb~ `hhþdm {H$ {nV¥Am|H$mo `hm§ go dhm§ {g\©$ YŠHo$ {h {IbdmZo h¢Ÿ! h_mam H$moB© Ü ohr {ZpíMV Zht h¡Ÿ!! h_Zo lr_hmà wOrHo$ J«ÝWm|H$mo Imobm Zht h¡ CgH$m `hXwîn[aUm_ h¡ {H$ {Ogo h_mao nyd©Om|H$mo wJVZm n‹S> ahm h¡.

(ny.nm.Jmo.{M.lrnwéfmoÎm_bmbOr, OwZmJT>, lr _wZmï>H$ àdMZ, amOH$moQ>, 06)

(36) ...Ohm§ VH$ {gÕmÝVHo$ {ZpíMV ñdê$n `m ì`m»`m H$m àíZ h¡, h_g^r Y_m©Mm ©, h_mao gåàXm`Ho$ àdV©H$ _hmà w lrdëb^mMm © VWm nadVuAÝ` ^r _mÝ` g^r ì`m»`mH$mam|Ho$ gÝXoha{hV {dYmZm|Ho$ AmYmana, `hñnï>V_ eãXmo_| Kmo{fV H$aVo h¢ {H$ h_mao Ym{_©H$ {gÕmÝV Ed§ naånamAm| Ho$AZwgma ^JdËgodm, godmñWb, godmon`mo{Jgån{Îm, godmH$Vm© (CnXoeH$ `mAZw`m`r) Ed§ goì` ^JdËñdê$n H$m {ZOr AWdm nm[adm[aH$ hmoZm EH$AZwëb§¿` Ym{_©H$ A{Zdm ©Vm h¡. AV… BZ_|go {H$grH$mo ^r gmd©O{ZH$ ~ZmZmgd©Wm Y_©{déÕ hmoZogo EH$ Kmoa Ym{_©H$ AnamY h¡.

...dmëb^ gåàXm`Ho$ {gÕmÝVHo$ AZwgma {ZOKa_| {ZOYZH$mo VWm {ZOn[admaOZm|H$mo ^JdËñdê$nH$s godm_| Cn`moJ_| bmZm hr AmamYZmH$m dmñV-{dH$ ñdê$n h¡. ...AV… {ZOKa_| {ZOYZHo$ {d{Z`moJ Ûmam VWm {ZOn[admaHo$OZm|Ho$ gh`moJ {~Zm H$s OmVr AmamYZm, dmëb^ gåàXm`H$s AmamYZmH$sn[a^mfmHo$ AZwgma, AmamYZm hr Zht h¡. Eogr pñW{V_| h_mao Kam|_| AmVrOZVmÛmam h_mao goì` ^JdËñdê$nHo$ Xe©Z H$aZm `m |Q> MT>mZm Am{X AmMaUAmamYZmHo$ AÝVJ©V _mÝ` {H«$`mH$bmn Zht h¡.

...`{X {ZO Ka_| Z {H$`m OmVm hmo Vmo Eogo ^JdØOZH$mo nwpîQ>_mJu`n[a^mfm_| ^JdØOZ hr Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡. nwpîQ>_mJ©_| {ZOKa_| ahH$a^JdØOZ H$aZoHo$ àH$maHo$ Abmdm AÝ` H$moB© àH$ma ^JdØOZH$m h¡ŸhrŸZht.

... |Q> Yao hþE YZgo ^moJ Yar hþB© gm_J«rH$m àgmXËdoZ J«hU h_mao `hm§gd©Wm d{O©V h¡. ...gmd©O{ZH$ _§{Xa_| Xe©ZmWu OZVmHo$ à{V{Z{YHo$ ê$n_|godm H$aZoH$s à{H«$`mH$mo Z Vmo dmëb^ gåàXm`_| AdH$me h¡ Am¡a Z d¡gmAmMaU {gÕm§VV… àe§gZr` hr h¡. ^JdËgodmH$m AZwð>mZ Z Vmo Zm¡H$ar Am¡aZ Y§Ym Ho$ ê$n_| {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡.

...lr_hmà w g^r nwpîQ>_mJu`m|H$mo g¡ÕmpÝVH$ {ZîR>m ñdY_m©ZwgaUH$m gm_Ï ©VWm nmañn[aH$ gm¡_Zñ` àXmZ H$a|. ... g^r nwpîQ>_mJu`Ho$ {ZOKam|_| {~am-O_mZ goì`ñdê$n gd©Xm {ZOr hr ah|, H$^r gmd©O{ZH$ Z ~Z Om |. ""~w{Õ-àoaH$ H¥$îUñ` nmXnÙ§ àgrXVw''.

hñVmja H$Vm©Ÿ:ŸJmo. eaX² A{ZéÕOr (_m§S>dr-hmbmob)Jmo. {H$emoaMÝÐ (_m§S>dr-OwZmJT>)Jmo. AO`Hw$_ma í`m_gw§XaOr (_Ðmg)Jmo. _Z_mohZ (_w§~)Jmo. í`m_gwÝXa _wabrYaOr (~moardbr)Jmo. h[aam` H¥$îUOrdZOr (_w§~){Z.br.Jmo.lrH¥$îUMÝÐOr lrH¥$îUOrdZOr (_w§~)Jmo. dëb^bmb lrJmoqdXbmbOr (H$S>r-A_XmdmX)

109 110

Jmo. h[aam` lrJmoqdXamÒr (nmoa~§Xa){Z.br.Jmo.lrd«OmYrfOr lrH¥$îUOrdZOr (X{hga)Jmo. d«OoeHw$_ma lrJmoqdXbmbOr (H$S>r-A_XmdmX){Z.br.Jmo.lrH¥$îUHw$_ma lra_UbmbOr (H$m§Xrdbr-H$m_dZ)Jmo. amOoeHw$_maOr lrJmoqdXbmbOr (H$S>r-A_XmdmX)Jmo. {dO`Hw$_maOr lrJmoqdXbmbOr (H$S>r-A_XmdmX)Jmo. `moJoída _WwaoídaOr (dS>moXam-gwaV)Jmo. aKwZmWbmb lra_UbmbOr (H$m_dZ-JmoHw$b-nmbm©)Jmo. XodH$sZÝXZmMm`© (JmoHw$b-A_XmdmX)Jmo. ZdZrVbmb lrJmoqdXbmbOr (H$m_dZ-^mdZJa)Jmo. _wabr_Zmoha lrd«OmYreOr (X{hga){Z.br.Jmo.lr_mYdamÒr lrJmoHw$bZmWOr (_w§~B©-Zm{gH$)Jmo. a_oeHw$_ma lrJmonrZmWOr (_wbw§S>-Zm{gH$)Jmo. H$ë`mUam` (H$Ýh¡ m~mdm) (dra_Jm_-A_XmdmX)Jmo. `moJoeHw$_ma (_w§~B©)Jmo. d«O{à` _wabrYaOr (~moardbr)Jmo. ZraOHw$_ma lr_mYdamÒr (_w§~B©-Zm{gH$)Jmo. eaXHw$_ma (erby~mdm) lr_wabrYaOr (nmoa~§Xa)Jmo. MÝÐJmonmb (M§Xw~mdm) lr_wabrYaOr (nmoa~§Xa){Z.br.Jmo.lrZ¥Ë`JmonmbOr lrH¥$îUOrdZOr (_w§~B©)nÌÛmam gå_{VŸ:{Z.br.Jmo.lr~mbH¥$îUbmbOr lrJmoqdXamÒr (gwaV){Z.br.Jmo.lrd«O yfUbmbOr _hmamO (Om_ZJa)nÄM_nrR>mYrída {Z.br.Jmo.lr{J[aYabmbOr (H$m_dZ-dëb^{dÚmZJa){Z.br.Jmo.lrJmoqdXbmbOr (H$moQ>m)Jmo.lrA{ZéÕbmbOr lrÛmaHo$ebmbOr (_m§S>dr-hmbmob)

Jmo.lr_YwgyXZOr lrH¥$îUMÝÐOr (MoÝZB©)Jmo.lrd«O yfUbmbOr (Om_ZJa)Jmo.lr{dQ²>R>bZmWOr lrd«O yfUbmbOr (MmnmgoZr-OyZmJT>-Om_ZJa)Jmo.lrh[aamÒr lrd«O yfUbmbOr (Om_ZJa)Jmo.lrd«OaËZOr lrd«O yfUbmbOr (ZS>r`mX-Om_ZJa)Jmo.lrZdZrVbmbOr lrd«O yfUbmbOr (OyZmJT>-Om_ZJa)Jmo.lr~mbH¥$îUOr lrd«O yfUbmbOr (OoVnwa-Om_ZJa)

(""_hmà^w lr_X²dëb^mMm`©d§eO Jmoñdm_rAm|H$m g§`wŠV-KmofUmnÌ'' 1986. nw{ï>{gÕmÝVMMm©g^m g§{jßV {ddaU, n¥ð> 49-78Ÿ)

111 112

""—`y[óV$ A[õdsp—''(Np_)

Ad¡ A¡hp f¡ Ad¡ A¡hp f¡ hmu sd¡ S>¡ L$p„B L$lp¡ s¡hp f¡r_óW$p\u hëgc_u hpZu A_ykfspAd_¡ brldy®M L$lp¡ R>p¡ sp¡ s¡hp f¡,

Ad¡ A¡hp f¡ Ad¡ A¡hp f¡hmu buSy> S>¡ L$p„B L$lp¡ s¡hp f¡. (1)

d¡hp d¡mhhp âcy_¡ _\u k¡hspd¡hp\u L$fhu âcyk¡hp f¡Ad¡ A¡hp f¡ Ad¡ A¡hp f¡

hmu sd¡ S>¡ L$p„B L$lp¡ s¡hp f¡. (2)

hpX$uAp¡dp„ c[¼s_p„ chpX$p Np¡W$hu_¡L©$óZrh¾$e_p„ O_ _\u g¡hp f¡,

_\u g¡hp f¡ _\u g¡hp f¡hmu sd¡ S>¡ L$p„B L$lp¡ s¡hp f¡. (3)

gÿdu_p _p\_p _pd¡ cuM dp„Nu_\u L$fhp d_p¡f\p¡ A¡hp f¡,Ad_¡ A¡hp f¡ Ad¡ A¡hp f¡


v¡$h_y„ R>¡ Öìe s¡ âkpv$ _\u g¡spS>¡Ap¡ g¡sp lp¡e s¡ h¥óZhp¡ L¡$hp f¡—!

s¡Ap¡ L¡$hp f¡ Ad¡ A¡hp f¡hmu sd¡ S>¡ L$p„B L$lp¡ s¡hp f¡. (5)

113 114

cpNhs\u c„X$p¡m c¡Ny„ L$fhphX$ugp¡ sp¡ _\u Oy„OyL$pfu S>¡hp f¡

s¡Ap¡ L¡$hp f¡ sd¡ L¡$hp f¡hmu sd¡ S>¡ L$p„B L$lp¡ s¡hp f¡. (6)

_pZpL$ue cphp¡ bp„Ýep k¡hp kpdN°u_py[óV$âcy_¡ _\u Ðep„ g¡hp v¡$hp f¡.

g¡hp v¡$hp f¡ Ad¡ A¡hp f¡hmu sd¡ S>¡ L$p„B L$lp¡ s¡hp f¡. (7)

N|Y$ fkcphê$` Ofdp„ S> k¡ìe (âcy)_\u Ål¡f L$fhp„ S>¡hp f¡

s¡ sp¡ A¡hp f¡ s¡ sp¡ A¡hp f¡hmu sd¡ S>¡ L$p„B L$fp¡ s¡hp f¡. (8)

`p¡sp_p s_\u _¡ p¡sp_p _\uOfdp„ L$fhu R>¡ L©$óZk¡hp f¡,L©$óZk¡hp f¡ Ad¡ A¡hp f¡


hëgc_u hpZu y[óV$Æhp¡ L¡$d hukf¡,Ad_¡ X$ep _\u A¡hp L$p„B l¡hp f¡,

S>¡hp s¡hp f¡ Ad¡ A¡hp f¡hmu sd¡ S>¡ L$p„B L$lp¡ s¡hp f¡. (10)

""—A¡L$ y[óV$dpN}—''

&&Ÿlrh[a…Ÿ&&…… nwpîQ>{gÕmÝV-MMm©g^mH$m g§{jßV d¥Îm ……

*ŸAm`moOH$_ÊS>bŸ*……Ÿ1Ÿ…… Jmo. lrd«O{àÒr _wabrYaOr (_w§~B©)……Ÿ2Ÿ…… Jmo.lrZraOHw$_maOr _mYdamÒr (_w§~B©)……Ÿ3Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lr_ZmoOHw$_maOr Z¥Ë`JmonmbOr (_w§~B©)……Ÿ4Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lr`moJoe aKwZmWbmbOr (_w§~B©)……Ÿ5Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lreaX A{ZéÕbmbOr (_m§S>dr-hmbmob-_w§~B©)……Ÿ6Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrn§H$O {M_ZbmbOr (_m§S>dr-JmoHw$b)……Ÿ7Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrnr yf {H$emoaMÝÐOr (_m§S>dr-OyZmJT>-_w§~B©)……Ÿ8Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrJmonoeHw$_maOr _wabr_ZmohaOr (_w~§B©)……Ÿ9Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lr yfU {M_ZbmbOr (_m§S>dr-JmoHw$b)……Ÿ10Ÿ……ŸJmo.{M.lr{dÆ>b XodH$sZÝXZmMm ©Or (JmoHw$b-Ah_Xm~mX)……Ÿ11Ÿ……ŸJmo.{M.lr.{_bZHw$_maOr bmb_{UOr (OVrnwam-H$moQ>m-_w§~B©)……Ÿ12Ÿ……ŸJmo.{M.lreaXHw$_maOr bmb_{UOr (OVrnwam-H$moQ>m-_w§~B©)Ûmam gåàXm`Ho$ àmUmon_ Am¡a {ddmXJ«ñV _wÔmZ²Ho$ D$na; Vm.10-11-

12-13 OmÝ wAmar-92 Ho$ {XZmo_| {dídH$_m©~mJ, ~OmOamoS>, {dbonmbm© (npíM_),_w§~B©-57, ñWb_| Am`mo{OV MMm©g^m_| A{Ve` Am¡Xm © ñdY_©-{ZîR>m VWm{ZûH$-gmhg go CnpñWV ahoHo$ MMm©g^mH$s emo^m_| A{^d¥{Õ H$aZodmboCnpñWV AmXaUr` Jmoñdm_r _hmZw mdm| Am¡a emñÌrOr H$s Zm_mdbrŸ-Ÿ

……Ÿ1Ÿ…… Jmo.lrCÎm_íbmoH$Or Xr{jVOr ({H$eZJT>-_w§~B©)……Ÿ2Ÿ…… Jmo.lrH$ë`mUamÒr Jmo{dÝXamÒr (nwZm-gwaV)……Ÿ3Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrH$Ýh¡ mbmbOr MÝÐJmonmbOr ({da_Jm_-Ah_Xm~mX)……Ÿ4Ÿ…… Jmo.lr{H$emoaMÝÐOr nwéfmoÎm_bmbOr (OyZmJT>-_w§~B©)……Ÿ5Ÿ…… Jmo.lrH¥$îUMÝÐOr H¥$îUOrdZOr (_w§~B©)……Ÿ6Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrH¥$îUH$mÝVOr H¥$îUMÝÐOr (_w§~B©-CX`nwa)

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……Ÿ7Ÿ…… Jmo.lrH¥$îUHw$_maOr a_UbmbOr (_w~§B©)……Ÿ8Ÿ…… Jmo.lrJmo.{M.lrJmo{nH$mb§H$maOr dëb^bmbOr (amOH$moQ>)……Ÿ9Ÿ…… Jmo.lrJmo{dÝXamÒr aUN>moS>bmbOr (nmoa~ÝXa)……Ÿ10Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrMÝÐJmonmbOr _YwgwXZbmbOr (dS>moXam)……Ÿ11Ÿ…… Jmo.lr{ÌbmoH$s yfUOr {ÌH$_amÒr (H$bH$Îmm)……Ÿ12Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrXodH$sZÝXZmMm ©Or JmoHw$bZmWOr (JmoHw$b- Ah_Xm~mX)……Ÿ13Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrÐw{_bHw$_maOr _WwaoídaOr (dS>moXam)……Ÿ14Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrÛm[aHo$eOr d«OOrdZOr (A_aobr-_w§~B©)……Ÿ15Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrnwéfmoÎm_Or d«OOrdZOr (A_aobr-_w§~B©)……Ÿ16Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lràemÝVHw$_maOr amOHw$_maOr (_w§~B©)……Ÿ17Ÿ…… Jmo.lr~mbH¥$îUOr Jmo{dÝXamÒr (gwaV)……Ÿ18Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lr_WwaoídaOr _YwgyXZOr (dS>moXam)……Ÿ19Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lr_YwgyXZOr H¥$îUMÝÐOr (_Ðmg)……Ÿ20Ÿ…… Jmo.lraKwZmWbmbOr a_UbmbOr (_w§~B©-JmoHw$b)……Ÿ21Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lraKwZmWOr a_oeMÝÐOr (_w§~B©)……Ÿ22Ÿ…… Jmo.lra{gH$amÒr ÛmaHo$ebmbOr (_Wwam-nma~ÝXa)……Ÿ23Ÿ…… Jmo.lramOoeHw$_maOr Jmo{dÝXamÒr (H$S>r-Ah_Xm~mX)……Ÿ24Ÿ…… Jmo.lrdëbâmÒr Jmo{dÝXamÒr (gwaV)……Ÿ25Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrdëb^bmbOr {J[aYabmbOr (H$m_dZ-{dÚmZJa)……Ÿ26Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrdëb^bmbOr XodH$sZÝXZmMm ©Or (JmoHw$b-Ah_Xm~mX)……Ÿ27Ÿ…… Jmo.lr{dO`Hw$_maOr Jmo{dÝXamÒr (Jm|S>b-H$S>r)……Ÿ28Ÿ……ŸJmo.lr{dÆ>bZmW-bmb_{U-Or aUN>moS>bmbOr (O{Vnwam-H$moQ>m-_w§~B©)……Ÿ29Ÿ…… Jmo.lrd«OOrdZOr nwéfmoÎm_bmbOr (A_aobr-_w§~B©)……Ÿ30Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrd«OoeHw$_maOr KZí`m_bmbOr (amOH$moQ>-H$m_dZ)……Ÿ31Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrd«OoeHw$_maOr MÝÐJmonmbOr (dra_Jm_-Ah_Xm~mX)

……Ÿ32Ÿ…… Jmo.lreaXHw$_ma-lrerbw~mdmOr _wabrYaOr (doamdb-nmoa~ÝXa)……Ÿ33Ÿ…… Jmo.lrí`m_ _Zmoha Xr{jVOr ({H$eZJT>-_w~§B©)……Ÿ34Ÿ…… Jmo.lrí`m_gwÝXaOr _wabrYaOr (_w§~B©)……Ÿ35Ÿ…… Jmo.lrh[aamÒr d«O yfUbmbOr (Om_ZJa).

……Ÿ1Ÿ…… lrO`dëbêmñÌrOr (_w§~B©)……Ÿ2Ÿ…… lr{ZaÄOZemñÌrOr (C_aoR>-_w§~B©)……Ÿ3Ÿ…… lrdgÝVemñÌrOr (_Wwam)……Ÿ4Ÿ…… lrd«OoeemñÌrOr (_hogmUm-drgZJa)

Jmoñdm_r í`m__ZmohaOr ({H$eZJT>-_w~§B©) Ûmam àñVwV {gÕmÝVdMZmdbrHo$ {bE g_rjmW© àñVm{dV ^mdmZwdmXHo$ {bE AnZr gh_{V Xem©Zodmbo_hmZw mdZ²H$s Zm_mdbrŸ-Ÿ

……Ÿ1Ÿ…… Jmo.lrA{ZéÕbmbOr ÛmaHo$ebmbOrŸ* (_m§S>dr-hmbmob)……Ÿ2Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrH$Ýh¡ mbmbOr MÝÐJmonmbOr ({da_Jm_-Ah_Xm~mX)……Ÿ3Ÿ…… Jmo.lr{H$emoaMÝÐOr nwéfmoÎm_bmbOrŸ+ (OyZmJT>-_w§~B©)……Ÿ4Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrH¥$îUH$mÝVOr H¥$îUMÝÐOr (_w§~B©-CX`nwa)……Ÿ5Ÿ…… Jmo.lrH¥$îUHw$_maOr a_UbmbOr (_w§~B©-H$m_dZ)……Ÿ6Ÿ…… Jmo.lr{J[aYabmbOr Jmo{dÝXamÒrŸ** (H$m_dZ-{dÚmZJa)……Ÿ7Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrJmo{nH$mb§H$maOr dëb^bmbOr (amOH$moQ>)……Ÿ8Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrXodH$sZÝXZmMm ©Or JmoHw$bZmWOr (JmoHw$b-Ah_Xm~mX)……Ÿ9Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrÐw{_bHw$_maOr _WwaoídaOr (dS>moXam)……Ÿ10Ÿ…… Jmo.lrÛmaHo$ebmbOr Jmo{dÝXamÒrŸ** (H$m_dZ-gwaV)……Ÿ11Ÿ…… Jmo.lrZdZrVbmbOr Jmo{dÝXamÒrŸ** (H$m_dZ-^mdZJa)……Ÿ12Ÿ…… Jmo.lr_WwaoídaOr MÝÐJmonmbOrŸ* (dra_Jm_-Ah_Xm~mX)……Ÿ13Ÿ…… Jmo.lr_mYdamÒr _wabrYaOrŸ* (doamdb)……Ÿ14Ÿ…… Jmo.lraKwZmWbmbOr a_UbmbOr (_w§~B©-JmoHw$b)

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……Ÿ15Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lraKwZmWOr a_oeMÝÐOr (_w§~B©)……Ÿ16Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lradrÝÐHw$_maOr Xm_moXabmbOr (_m§S>dr-amOH$moQ>)……Ÿ17Ÿ…… Jmo.lra{gH$amÒr ÛmaHo$ebmbOr (_Wwam-nmoa~ÝXa)……Ÿ18Ÿ…… Jmo.lramOoeHw$_maOr Jmo{dÝXamÒr (H$S>r-Ah_Xm~mX)……Ÿ19Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrdëb^bmbOr {J[aYabmbOr (H$m_dZ-{dÚmZJa)……Ÿ20Ÿ…… Jmo.lrdëb^bmbOr Jmo{dÝXamÒr (H$S>r-Ah_Xm~mX)……Ÿ21Ÿ…… Jmo.lrdëb^bmbOr XodH$sZÝXZmMm ©Or (JmoHw$b-Ah_XmdmX)……Ÿ22Ÿ…… Jmo.lr{dO`Hw$_maOr Jmo{dÝXamÒr (Jm|S>b-H$S>r)……Ÿ23Ÿ…… Jmo.lr{dÆ>bZmW-bmb_{U-Or aUN>moS>bmbOr (O{Vnwam-H$moQ>m-

_w§~B©)……Ÿ24Ÿ…… Jmo.lrd«OamÒr aUN>moS>bmbOrŸ* (Ah_XmdmX)……Ÿ25Ÿ…… Jmo.lrd«OoeHw$_maOr Jmo{dÝXamÒrŸ* (Ah_XmdmX-H$S>r)……Ÿ26Ÿ…… Jmo.lrd«OoeHw$_maOr MÝÐJmonmbOr (dra_Jm_-Ah_XmdmX)……Ÿ27Ÿ…… Jmo.lreaXHw$_ma-erbw~mdm-Or _wabrYaOr (doamdb-nmoa~ÝXa)……Ÿ20Ÿ…… Jmo.lrí`m_gwÝXaOr _wabrYaOr (_w§~B©)

……Ÿ1Ÿ…… lrZdZrV{àèmñÌrOrŸ* (Z{S>`mX)……Ÿ2Ÿ…… lrdgÝVemñÌrOr (_Wwam)……Ÿ3Ÿ…… lrd«OoeemñÌrOr (_hogmUm-drgZJa)

Jmoñdm_r í`m__ZmohaOr ({H$eZJT>-_w~§B©) Ûmam àñVwV {gÕmÝVdMZmdbrHo$ {bE Am¡a CgHo$ g_rjmW© àñVm{dV ^mdmZwdmXHo$ {bE AnZr Agh_{VXem©Zodmbo _hmZw mdZ²H$s Zm_mdbrŸ-Ÿ

……Ÿ1Ÿ…… Jmo.lrJmonmbbmbOr nwéfmoÎm_bmbOrŸ* (H$moQ>m)……Ÿ2Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lr_WwaoídaOr _YwgyXZOr (dS>moXam)……Ÿ3Ÿ…… Jmo.lrdëb^bmbOr Jmo{dÝXamÒr (gwaV)……Ÿ4Ÿ…… Jmo.lr{dZ`Hw$_maOr JmonmbbmbOr* (H$moQ>m)

……Ÿ5Ÿ…… Jmo.lrd«OaËZbmbOr d|H$Q>oeOrŸ* (gwaV)……Ÿ6Ÿ…… Jmo.lrd«Oa_UbmbOr Xm_moXabmbOrŸ* (_Wwam)……Ÿ7Ÿ…… Jmo.lreaXHw$_maOr JmonmbbmbOrŸ* (H$moQ>m)……Ÿ8Ÿ…… Jmo.lrh[aamÒr d«O yfUbmbOr (Om_ZJa).

Jmoñdm_r í`m__ZmohaOr ({H$eZJT>-_w~§B©)ŸÛmam àñVwV {gÕmÝVdMZmdbrHo$ {bE Am¡a CgHo$ g_rjmW© àñVm{dV mdmZwdmXHo$ {bE g^m_| _m¡Z aIZodmbo_hmZw mdZ²H$s Zm_mdbrŸ-Ÿ

……Ÿ1Ÿ…… Jmo.lrCÎm_íbmoH$Or Xr{jVOr ({H$eZJT>-_w§~B©)……Ÿ2Ÿ…… Jmo.lrH$ë`mUamÒr Jmo{dÝXamÒr (nyZm-gwaV)……Ÿ3Ÿ…… Jmo.lrH¥$îUMÝÐOr H¥$îUOrdZOr (_w§~B©)……Ÿ4Ÿ…… Jmo.lrJmo{dÝXamÒr aUN>moS>bmbOr (nmoa~ÝXa)……Ÿ5Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrMÝÐJmonmbOr _YwgyXZbmbOr (dS>moXam)……Ÿ6Ÿ…… Jmo.lr{ÌbmoH$s yfUOr {ÌH$_amÒr (H$moQ>m-H$bH$Îmm)……Ÿ7Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrÛmaHo$ebmbOr d«OOrdZOr (A_aobr-_w§~B©)……Ÿ8Ÿ…… Jmo.lrnwéfmoÎmOr d«OOrdZOr (A_aobr-_w§~B©)……Ÿ9Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lràemÝVHw$_maOr amOHw$_maOr (_w§~B©)……Ÿ10Ÿ…… Jmo.lr~mbH¥$îUOr Jmo{dÝXamÒr (gwaV)……Ÿ11Ÿ…… Jmo.lrd«OOrdZOr nwéfmoÎm_bmbOr (A_aobr-_w§~B©)……Ÿ12Ÿ…… Jmo.{M.lrd«OoeHw$_maOr KZí`m_bmbOr (amOH$moQ>-H$m_dZ)

……Ÿ1Ÿ…… lrO`dëbêmñÌrOr (_w§~B©)……Ÿ2Ÿ…… lr{ZaÄOZemñÌrOr (C_aoR>-_w§~B©)

(g§dmXñWmnH$-_ÊS>bHo$ gm¡OÝ`go).

(*) nÌÛmam àmßV.

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(**) h_mao {dMmago BZ dMZZ²H$mo Omo AZwdmX lrí`m__ZmohaOrZo {H$`moho dh ghr h¡ Ed§ `m AZwdmXgy§ Ohm§ H$ht ì`pŠVJV CëboIH$s JÝY ho dmñWbHy§$ N>mo‹S>Ho$, h_ gh_V h¢.

AmYw{ZH$ Ý`m`àUmbr Am¡a nw{ï> mJu` gmYZmàUmbr

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