American English Luli Arta

7/29/2019 American English Luli Arta

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Exam Questions

1. Write five examples of Americanism ?

2. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEENAMERICAN ENGLISH AND BRITISH ENGLISHWRITE EXEMPLES ?

3. What is a piding ?

4. From which European imigrants AmericanEnglish adopted words, write examples?

5.What kind of negation is used in black English,write examples ?


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American English


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Introduction

Although all Americans do not speak the same way. Theirspeech has enough in common that American English canbe recognized as a variety of English distinct from BritishEnglish, Australian English, and other national varieties.American English has grown up with the country. It beganto diverge from British English during its colonial

beginnings. It influences other languages and other varieties of English

because it is the medium and television programs.


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Characteristics of American English

All speakers of English share a common linguistic system and abasic set of words.

But American English differs from British English, Australian

English, and other national varieties in many of its : Pronunciation

Words

Spellings

Grammatical construction

Words or phrases of American origin and those used inAmerica but not so much else where, are called Americanisms


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Pronunciation

Canadian and American speakers tend to sound like oneanother.

They also tend to sound different from a large group ofEnglish speakers who sound more British, such as those in

Australia, New Zealand , and South Africa

Canadians and Americanspronounce this vowel

British English group do notpronounce the (r) sound

CAR Also, B.E speakers drop a (h) sound atthe beginning of the words

FARTHER His - pronounced - Is

BARN He pronounced - EE

Pronunciation of (r) sound after the vowel


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WORDS

AMERICAN BRITISH

Apartment Flat

Argument Row

Carriage/coach Pram

Bathroom Loo

Can Tin

Cookie Biscuit

Diaper Nappy

Elevator Lift

Eraser RubberFlashlight Torch

Fries Chips

Gas Petrol

WORDS OF AMERICAN CULTURE : GANGSTER , COWBOY


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Spelling

American English spelling differs from BritishEnglish largely because of one man lexicographerNoah Webster with The American Spelling Book(1783)

Webster`s most successful changes were spellings

OR Instead of OUR

ER Instead of RE

S Instead of CCK Instead of OFQUE

: honor honour

: center centre

: defense defence: mask masque


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Grammatical Construction

One major difference between British and AmericanEnglish is that the two attach different verb forms tonouns that are grammatically singular but plural insense.

Second difference is that the function words are used

differently .

American English British English

the team is the team are

the government is the government are

American English British English

stay in the hospital Stay in hospital


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History of America English

American English shows many influences from thedifferent cultures and languages of the people who settledin North America. The nature of the influence depends on

the time and the circumstances of contact between cultures.


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Colonial Period

The first settlement in 17 century were composed mostly ofBritish Subjects (about 90 % of the people ) than Frenchand German settlers.

ENGLISH - was therefore the only real candidate for a

common American language ( the settlers spoke varieties ofEnglish from various parts of England )

- As the european settlers came into contact withNative Americans ( American English collected a large stockof Native American place names like ( CHICAGO

MISSISSIPPI ) Sometimes Native Americans words were spelled by

settlers so that they looked more like English words.


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Colonial Period

In 18th century people from Ireland & Northern Europe joined the the Britishsettlers. And they contributed to American English words from their ownlanguages

FRENCH pumpkin bayou bureau

DUTCH cookie waffle boss

GERMAN pinochle pretzel phooey

Ex: voodoo gumbo okra


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Teritorial Epansion & Urbanisation

In 20th century we saw the rise of cities, development of industriesbrought opportunities for immigrants to work in cities instead of onfarms

As a result American English adopted many words from immigrants :

SCANDINAVIAN JEWISH CHINESE ITALIAN POLISH

smorgasbord kibbitz chow mein pizza kielbasa

sauna pierogi mahjong spaghetti pierogi

SPANISH

Enchilada Pueblo Sombrero Tortilla

Ranch Cockroach Marina Plaza


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Black English

The origin of the Black English are disputed. One theory holds that this warietyof English developed from a PIDING that resulted from the conditions of theslave trade. Speakers of different African languages were forced to speakthrough PIDING language

95% of population living in plantation areas were African Americans, theylearned American English from their owners,

some slaves developed CREOLECREOLE is made of words from different languages in this case ( ENGLISH & AFRICAN )

spoken by the slaves with own grammar

Go small small [ go slowly ]

Use of MEinstead of I

Me be born at Jamaica


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Black English is characterized by pronunciations (phonology), syntactic patterns(grammar), and morphological features (inflections) that in many instances alsooccur in other varieties of English.

R-deletion: door> [do:] ("doah") ; sister>"sistah"L-deletion: help>"hep ; steal>"steah"final consonant cluster reduction: passed>"pass"loss of final dental [alveolar] stop: good man>"goo man"monophthongization: time>[tam] ; why>[wha]interdental fricatives become alveolar stops: they>"dey ; them>"dem"

But, if the following consonant is an r: three>"free"throat>"froatDouble (or multiple) negation:Neither one of us ain't got nuthin' ta lose." (Eddie Murphy, 48 Hours)Can't no one tell you you ain't somebody." (Jessie Jackson)

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