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Hormone/Neuropeptide Effects

ACTH ↓ Ig and IFN� synthesis

↑ B cell proliferation

↑ NK cells activity

Glucocorticoids ↓ overall cytokine synthesis

CRH ↑ T cell proliferation

↑ IL-2 receptors expression

↑ IL-1 , IL-6 in macrophages

Epinephrine ↑ NK cells activation

↓ CD4+ lymphocytes

↑ CD8+ lymphocytes

↓ lymphocytes proliferation

α-endorphine ↓ antibody production

β-endorphine ↑ lymphocytes proliferation

�-endorphine ↓ antibody production

↑ NK cells activation

Prolactin ↑ IL-2 receptor expression

↑ T cell proliferation

Growth hormone ↑ antibody production

↑ NK cells activation

↑ IL-1, IL-2, TNFα production

TSH ↑ antibody production

↑ T and B cells proliferation

αMSH ↓ antibody production

↓ IL-1 activity

↓ monocytes secretion of IL-2

VIP ↓ NK cells activity

↓ T cells activity

Somatostatin ↓ T cells proliferation

Estrogens ↑ lymphocytes function

Substance P ↑ mast cells mediators release

↑ macrophage phagocytosis

Met-enkephalin ↑NK cells activity

↑IFN� synthesis

↓ antibody production

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