The influence of blood parasites on The influence of blood parasites on the incidence of extra-pair paternity the incidence of extra-pair paternity

in blue titsin blue tits

Edyta Podmokła PhD student

Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University,

Kraków, Poland

In 2012, there were an estimated 207 million cases of malaria (uncertainty interval: 135 – 287 million), which caused approximately 627 000 malaria deaths (uncertainty interval 473 000 – 789 000). An estimated 3.4 billion people continue to be at risk of malaria, mostly in Africa and south-east Asia. Around 80% of malaria cases occur in Africa.

Haemoproteus Plasmodium

Avian malaria parasitesAvian malaria parasites

Ceratopogonidae Hippoboscidae Culicidae

Research objectivesResearch objectives

Verification of the hypothesis:1.females should more often betray infected social partner than uninfected one 2.Infected females should be more willing to betray infected social partner

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