P u b l i s h e d f o r s u r g i c a l t e c h n o l o g y e d u c a t o r s b y t h e A s s o c i a t i o n o f S u r g i c a l Te c h n o l o g i s t s
I N S TR UCTOR SV O L U M E 2 0 , N U M B E R 1F E B R U A R Y / M A R C H 2 0 1 7
Reinforcing Classroom Learning in the Clinical Environment
continued on page 3
During the past three years of teaching for the Surgical Technol-ogy Department at the University of Arkansas-Fort Smith, I have found that tools for student assessment have become the same for most instructors. We give quizzes, tests and writing assign-ments to assess how much the students have retained from at-tending lectures and studying the assigned chapters in order to pass. However, once the students pass, a large portion of the de-tails gets deleted from their minds, overlapped by new informa-tion that they must regurgitate to make the grades and pass the class. These assessment tools are not the only way to measure retention. I discovered other ways to assess student retention by networking with other instructors.
ing clinicals to help solve this problem. When I was hired at my university, I was told that the previous clinical coor-dinator held post-conference meetings. During these 10-20 minute meetings with the students at the end of the clini-cal day, we discuss the surgeries that the students performed, ask any general or specific questions about a case, and touch base with them overall as a group. I thought that this was the perfect setting to incorporate what they were learning in their lectures and set that information to real-life surgeries or situa-tions that they will eventually encounter during their career as a surgical technolo-gist. I wanted to align what I was teach-ing during these conferences with what Dr. Fulbright was teaching in her class so students do better on her exams, so they
inside
p3Read sample discussion ques-tions used during post-con-ference discussion groups like the one pictured below.
p2National Surgical Technologists WeekPlan now for how you’ll celebrate.
Ashley Smith, BAS, CST
I ATTENDED AST’S INSTRUCTORS FORUM held in Houston, Texas, in February 2016. While I was there, I was able to listen andconverse with other instructors about how they make the classroom/lab more exciting for their students and how they think outside of tests, quizzes and writing assignments. I found that most incorporated games (as do I) within the lab, but my students only spend nine weeks in the lab before going to the hospitals. At that point, they are only in class with Program Director Sydney Fulbright, PhD, RN, CNOR, and in clinicals. I was (and still am) challenged with how I can best instill the detailed infor-mation that the students will use once they graduate and become functioning members of the surgical team. I decided to do a hybrid lecture/lab lesson dur-
p8National Honor SocietyCongratulations to the out-standing students who joined the honor society in March and April.
Save the DateAST Educators ConferenceFeb. 8-10, 2018Charleston, S.C.
2017Galaxy Stars
p4AST’s Galaxy of StarsWe appreciate all of our Galaxy Star schools. See who won the grand prize drawing.
Charleston’s Pineapple Fountain
2JUNE 2017 | The Surgical Technologist | 249
September 17-23, 2017
Planning something big for NSTW this year?
We want you to show your events and your pride with others within the surgical
community. Post your events and activities to our Facebook page
and keep an eye out for the details for this year’s photo contest.
The rules and instructions will be posted in the Journal, online
at www.ast.org and on our Facebook page.
The goal of National Surgical Technologists Week is to educate
the public about what you do every day in the OR. The best way to
do that is to step out from behind the mask and be an advocate for the profession that you live and breathe. By raising awareness in
your community you promote your own profession.
Association of Surgical TechnologistsASTAssociation of Surgical TechnologistsAST
3
Reinforcing Classroom Learning continued from page 1
function in reality when these issues arise, and they think ethically about what they should do in certain situations. Every textbook has discussion questions or critical think-ing questions at the end of its chapters. I took a question from the textbook and workbook that we would be using in the upcoming year, aligned it with the date that it was being discussed in lecture, and uploaded it online for all the stu-dents to see. See SAMPLE DISCUSSION QUESTIONS below. It is the students’ responsibility to have their answers pre-pared before coming to our post-conference meeting. This way they can research the question, ask other classmates and possibly ask their preceptors. The questions engage communication and general interest in the topic. The question of the day is discussed last at the post-conference meeting. We still talk about what happened that day with everybody, make announcements for upcom-ing events and alert the students where they will be going on the next clinical day. Once the general discussion has wrapped up, we begin the question of the day. I read the question out loud and every student must answer either in-dividually or together as a group. Often, there are multiple questions within the day’s scenario, so each student is able to answer a different question. I ask these discussion questions on Mondays and Wednesdays concurrently with my adjunct instructors at our other facilities. Each adjunct has access to each day’s ques-tion, so every student in the cohort gets asked the same question on the same day. For accreditation purposes, I must provide examples of didactic evaluation tools. “Evaluation of students must be conducted on a recurrent basis and with sufficient frequen-cy to provide both the students and program faculty with valid and timely indications of the students’ progress toward and achievement of the competencies and learning domains stated in the curriculum.”1 To adhere to this guideline, my adjuncts and I document each student’s participation to the discussion question. We keep a log with students names and dates for each discus-sion question. If a student is at another facility with an adjunt instructor, is absent or went home early, I note the reason for lack of participation next to that date. Because “records of student evaluations that must be maintained in sufficient detail to document learning progress and achieve-ment,”2 I turn in copies of these logs to the dean of the college and keep the originals in our files for accreditation purposes. The 2015-2016 cohort had 93% participation from both facilities. This percentage demonstrates the success of participation from the class (shown by research and being
prepared) in conjunction with the students’ clinical as-signments. This rubric demonstrates an ability to link what they’ve learned the day before in lecture to what we are talking about that day in real-life scenarios. With added encouragement from me and pressing the importance of these questions and meetings with this year’s class, I have increase this year’s percentage. The 2016-2017 cohort had 99% participation, with only five days of having 16 of 17 students participating. That is an incredible increase in participation over last year due to enforcement and blending of lecture questions with clinical experiences. The discussion questions at the end of each clinical day provide great feedback about didactic retention and offer opportunities for students to “think outside the book.” They will still regurgitate their research done on the ques-tions, but more elaboration and detail are needed to engage them in a true discussion. By adding “what if,” “what’s your opinion” and “what would you do ethically” questions (among others) to expand on the basic discussion questions, true engagement and participation that is not recorded on notepads are required. By putting students in a discussion that ties together what the book and the job are teaching, these meetings give a well-rounded educational experience that goes beyond just the physical aspect of be-ing a surgical technologist. Instructors need to persuade students to always use their minds before using their bodies, encouraging examination and mindfulness of patients’ symptoms when prepping the operating room with equipment and supplies. Knowing how to respond to different scenarios throughout the whole embodiment of surgery will turn students into excellent surgical technologists for both the patients and their fellow workers.
About the Author:Ashley Smith has been a CST since 2004, and clinical coordi-nator/instructor for the Univer-sity of Arkansas-Fort Smith Sur-gical Technology Department since 2014. She holds associate and bachelor’s degrees (applied sciences-surgical technology) and is starting her master’s in education (adult and lifelong learning) in fall 2017.
References1. Comission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Program. Standards and
Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Surgical Technology. Ac-creditation Review Council on Education in Surgical Technology and Surgical Assist-ing website. http://www.arcstsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ST-Standards-2013.pdf. Published Aug. 1, 2013. Accessed May 15, 2017.
2. Surgical Technology Standards Interpretive Guide (SIG). Accreditation Review Coun-cil on Education in Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting website. http://www.arcstsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/SIG-ST-0816.pdf. Published Aug. 1, 2016. Accessed May 15, 2017.
January 23: What nerve requires careful dissection during thyroid surgery? Why is it important for the CST to maintain the sterile field until the patient is extubated and breathing freely fol-lowing a thyroidectomy? What happens if all parathyroid glands are removed? Why should the surgical team be concerned about a patient’s voice following a thyroidectomy? March 8: Eleanor is a 65 year old woman who was admitted to the hospital for a total hip arthroplasty. Her primary diagnosis is osteoporosis. She states she was walking with her walker down the hallway and just fell. What type of fracture is she most likely to have suffered? Describe a routine draping procedure for this case. Osteomyelitis is a grave concern. What may be done right after draping and why? Will the incision be drained? Describe the immedi-ate postoperative care the patient will receive.
S A M P L E D I S C U S S I O N Q U E S T I O N S
4
2017Galaxy StarsThank you for promoting the profession of surgical technology by encouraging
student memberships. And, congratulations to the grand prize winners: George Barrera, CST/CSFA, Baptist Health System School of Health Professions,
and Dona Hoyt, CST, Cape Coral Technical College.
ALABAMABevill State Community College
Calhoun Community College
Faulkner State Community College
Flowers Hospital
Huntsville Hospital
Lurleen B. Wallace Community College
Southern Union State Community College
Virginia College - Birmingham
Virginia College - Mobile
ARKANSASArkansas State University
Baptist School of Surgical Technology
North Arkansas College
Northwest Technical Institute
South Arkansas Community College
Southeast Arkansas College
University of Arkansas - Fort Smith
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
ARIZONAEast Valley Institute of Technology
GateWay Community College
Mohave Community College
Pima Community College
CALIFORNIACareer Networks Institute
Carrington College California - Citrus Heights
Carrington College California- San Jose
Concorde Career College - North Hollywood
Concorde Career College - San Bernardino
Concorde Career College- San Diego
Glendale Career College - Glendale
Miracosta Community College
Mount Diablo Adult Education Center
North-West College -Riverside
North-West College -West Covina
Premiere Career College
San Joaquin Valley College - Bakersfield
San Joaquin Valley College - Fresno
Simi Valley Career Institute
Skyline College
Southwestern Community College
COLORADOAims Community College
Concorde Career College - Aurora
Everest College - Thornton
CONNECTICUTAlbert I. Prince CTHSS
Bridgeport Hospital School of Nursing
Eli Whitney Vocational Technical School
Manchester Community Technical College
DELAWAREDelaware Technical Community College
FLORIDACape Coral Institute of Technology
College of Central Florida
Concorde Career College - Miramar
Concorde Career Institute - Jacksonville
Concorde Career Institute - Orlando
Concorde Career Institute - Tampa
Daytona State College
Eastern Florida State College
Florida State College at Jacksonville
Fortis College- Orange Park
Fortis Institute- Lauderdale Lakes
Gulf Coast State College
Indian River State College
Keiser University - Clearwater
Lindsey Hopkins Education Center
Lorenzo Walker Technical College
Manatee Technical Institute
Orlando Technical Educational Center
Palm Beach State College
Pensacola State College
Pinellas Technical Education Center
Riveroak Technical College
Santa Fe Community College
Sheridan Technical College
Southeastern College- Palm Beach
Southeastern College- Miami Lakes
Southeastern College - Tampa
Suncoast Technical College
Tallahassee Community College
Traviss Career Center
Virginia College - Pensacola
GEORGIA Albany Technical College
Athens Technical College
Atlanta Technical College
Augusta Technical College
Central Georgia Technical College
Chattahoochee Technical College
Coastal Pines Technical College
Columbus Technical College
Everest Institute - Marietta
Georgia Northwestern Technical College Walker County Campus
5
Gwinnett Technical College
Lanier Technical College
Ogeechee Technical College
Savannah Technical College
Southern Crescent Technical College - Griffin
Southern Regional Technical College
Virginia College - Augusta
Virginia College - Columbus
Virginia College - Savannah
West Georgia Technical College
Wiregrass Georgia Technical College
HAWAIIKapiolani Community College
IOWADes Moines Area Community College
Iowa Lakes Community College
Iowa Western Community College
Kirkwood Community College
Mercy College of Health Sciences
Scott Community College
Western Iowa Tech Community College
IDAHOCollege of Southern Idaho
College of Western Idaho at Boise State University
Eastern Idaho Technical College
ILLINOISCollege of DuPage
College of Lake County
Elgin Community College
Illinois Central College
John Wood Community College
Lincoln Land Community College
Malcolm X College
Parkland College
Prairie State College
Richland Community College
Robert Morris University
Rock Valley College
Southern Illinois Collegiate Common Market
Triton College
Waubonsee Community College
INDIANA Harrison College - Ft. Wayne Campus
Harrison College - Indianapolis East Campus
Indiana University Health
Ivy Tech Community College - Columbus
Ivy Tech Community College - Evansville
Ivy Tech Community College - Indianapolis
Ivy Tech Community College - Kokomo
Ivy Tech Community College - Lafayette
Ivy Tech Community College - Muncie
Ivy Tech Community College - Terre Haute
Ivy Tech Community College - Valparaiso
National College - Indianapolis
University of Saint Francis
Vincennes University
KANSASHutchinson Community College
Neosho County Community College
Seward County Community College
Washburn Institute of Technology
Wichita Area Technical College
KENTUCKYAshland Community and Technical College
Bluegrass Community and Technical College
Hazard Community and Technical College
Jefferson Community and Technical College
Madisonville Community College
National College - Florence
National College - Lexington
National College - Louisville
Owensboro Community and Technical College
Saint Catharine College
Somerset Community College
Southcentral Kentucky Community and Technical College
Southeast Kentucky Community & Technical College
Spencerian College
West Kentucky Community & Technical College
LOUISIANABaton Rouge Community College
Bossier Parish Community College
Career Technical College - Monroe
Delgado Community College
Fortis College - Baton Rouge
South Central Louisiana Technical College - LaFourche
South Louisiana Community College - Lafayette
Southern University at Shreveport
Virginia College - Baton Rouge
MASSACHUSETTS Bunker Hill Community College
Massachusetts Bay Community College
McCann Technical School
North Shore Community College
Quincy College
Quinsigamond Community College
Springfield Technical Community College
MARYLANDAnne Arundel Community College
Baltimore City Community College
Chesapeake College
Community College of Baltimore County
Fortis Institute - Woodlawn
Frederick Community College
Montgomery College
MAINEEastern Maine Community College
Maine Medical Center
MICHIGANBaker College - Allen Park
Baker College - Cadillac
Baker College - Clinton Township
Baker College - Flint
Baker College - Jackson
Baker College - Muskegon
Delta College
Henry Ford College
Lansing Community College
Macomb Community College
Northern Michigan University
Oakland Community College - Southfield Campus
Wayne County Community College
MINNESOTAAnoka Technical College
Lake Superior College
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Minnesota West Community and Technical College
Northland Community and Technical College
Rasmussen College - Brooklyn Park
Rasmussen College - Moorhead
Rasmussen College - Saint Cloud
6
Rochester Community & Technical College
Saint Cloud Technical College
MISSOURIColumbia Public Schools - Program of Surgical Technology
Franklin Technology Center at MSSU
Hillyard Technical Center
Lincoln University of Missouri
Metropolitan Community College - Penn Valley
Ozarks Technical Community College
Rolla Technical Center
Saint Louis Community College
South Central Career Center
Southeast Missouri Hospital - College of Nursing and Health Sciences
MISSISSIPPI East Central Community College
Hinds Community College
Holmes Community College
Itawamba Community College
Meridian Community College
Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College
Pearl River Community College
Virginia College - Biloxi
Virginia College - Jackson
MONTANAFlathead Valley Community College
Great Falls College Montana State University
University of Montana
NORTH CAROLINAAsheville-Buncombe Technical Community College
Blue Ridge Community College
Cabarrus College of Health Sciences
Cape Fear Community College
Carolinas College of Health Sciences
Catawba Valley Community College
Central Piedmont Community College
Coastal Carolina Community College
College of the Albemarle
Durham Technical Community College
Edgecombe Community College
Fayetteville Technical Community College
Foothills Surgical Technical Consortium - Cleveland Community College
Guilford Technical Community College
Lenoir Community College
Miller-Motte College - Cary
Miller-Motte College - Wilmington
Robeson Community College
Rockingham Community College
Sandhills Community College
South College
Wake Technical Community College
Wilson Technical Community College
NORTH DAKOTABismarck State College
NEBRASKA Concord Hospital
Great Bay Community College
Nebraska Methodist College
Southeast Community College
NEW JERSEYAtlantic Cape Community College
Bergen Community College
Berkeley College
Eastwick College
Sussex County Community College
NEW MEXICOBrown Mackie College - Albuquerque
Central New Mexico Community College
San Juan College
NEVADA College of Southern Nevada
Nevada Career Institute
NEW YORKBronx Lebanon Hospital Center
Finger Lakes Health College of Nursing
Kingsborough Community College
Long Island University
Nassau Community College
Niagara County Community College
NYU Langone Hospitals Center
Onondaga Community College
Swedish Institute
Trocaire College
Ulster County BOCES
Western Suffolk BOCES
OHIOBuckeye Hills Career Center
Central Ohio Technical College
Choffin Career and Technical Center
Cincinnati State Technical and Community College
Collins Career Center
Columbus State Community College
Cuyahoga Community College
EHOVE School of Surgical Technology
Fortis College - Columbus
Lakeland Community College
Lorain County Community College
Miami-Jacobs Career College
National College - Cincinnati
National College - Kettering
National College - Stow
National College - Youngstown
Owens State Community College
Scioto County Joint Vocational School
Sinclair Community College
University of Akron
University of Cincinnati- Clermont College
Washington County Career Center
OKLAHOMAAutry Technology Center
Brown Mackie College - Tulsa
Canadian Valley Technology Center
Central Technology Center
Cherokee Nation WW Hastings Hospital
Community Care College
Concorde Career Institute - Portland
Great Plains Technology Center
Indian Capital Technology Center
Metro Technology Centers
Moore Norman Technology Center
Mount Hood Community College
Platt College - Oklahoma City
Tulsa Technology Center
Wes Watkins Technology Center
PENNSYLVANIACommunity College of Allegheny County
Conemaugh Valley Memorial Hospital
Delaware County Community College
Great Lakes Institute of Technology
Harrisburg Area Community College - Harrisburg
7
Lackawanna College
Luzerne County Community College
McCann School of Business & Technology - Allentown
McCann School of Business & Technology - Carlisle
McCann School of Business & Technology - Hazelton
McCann School of Business & Technology - Sunbury
Montgomery County Community College
Mount Aloysius College
Pennsylvania College of Health Sciences
Pennsylvania College of Technology
Pittsburgh Technical Institute
Saint Luke’s Hospital
The Reading Hospital School of Health Sciences
RHODE ISLANDNew England Institute of Technology
SOUTH CAROLINAAiken Technical College
Central Carolina Technical College
Florence-Darlington Technical College
Greenville Technical College
Horry-Georgetown Technical College
Midlands Technical College
Miller-Motte Technical College - Charleston
Piedmont Technical College
Spartanburg Community College
Technical College of the Lowcountry
Tri-County Technical College
Virginia College - Charleston
Virginia College - Columbia
Virginia College - Greenville
York Technical College
SOUTH DAKOTAPresentation College
Southeast Technical Institute
Western Dakota Technical Institute
TENNESSEEChattanooga State Technical Community College
Concorde Career College - Memphis
Fortis College- Cookeville
Fortis Institute - Nashville
Meridian Institute of Surgical Assisting
Miller-Motte Technical College - Chattanooga
Miller-Motte Technical College - Clarksville
Nashville State Community College
Northeast State Technical Community College
Tennessee College of Applied Technology -
Crossville
Tennessee College of Applied Technology - Hohenwald
Tennessee College of Applied Technology - Jackson
Tennessee College of Applied Technology - Knoxville
Tennessee College of Applied Technology - Murfreesboro
TEXAS Amarillo College
Angelina College
Austin Community College
Baptist Health System
Cisco College
Collin County Community College
Concorde Career College - Dallas
Concorde Career College - Grand Prairie
Concorde Career College - San Antonio
Covenant Health System - Lubbock
Del Mar College
El Centro College
El Paso Community College
Fortis Institute - Grand Prairie
Fortis Institute - Houston North
Houston Community College
Howard College - San Angelo
Kilgore College
Lamar State College - Port Arthur
Lone Star College - Tomball
McLennan Community College
Medical Education and Training Campus
North Central Texas College
Paris Junior College
Saint Philip’s College
San Jacinto College
South Plains College
Tarrant County College
Temple College
Texas State Technical College
The College of Health Care Professions - Houston Northwest
Trinity Valley Community College
Tyler Junior College
Vernon College
Virginia College - Austin
Wharton County Junior College
UTAHDavis Applied Technology College
Dixie State College
Salt Lake Community College
Stevens-Henager College
VIRGINIAAmerican National University - Danville
American National University- Harrisonburg
Eastern Virginia Medical School
Fortis College-Richmond
Jefferson College of Health Sciences
Lord Fairfax Community College
Miller-Motte Technical College - Lynchburg
Piedmont Virginia Community College
Riverside School of Health Careers
Sentara College of Health Sciences
WASHINGTON Bellingham Technical College
Clover Park Technical College
Columbia Basin Community College
Renton Technical College
Seattle Central Community College
Spokane Community College
Yakima Valley Community College
WISCONSINChippewa Valley Technical College
Gateway Technical College
Madison Area Technical College
Mid-State Technical College
Milwaukee Area Technical College
Moraine Park Technical College
Northcentral Technical College
Northeast Wisconsin Technical College
Waukesha County Technical College
Western Technical College
WEST VIRGINIACarver Career and Technical Education Center
James Rumsey Technical Institute
Monongalia County Technical Education Center
Southern West Virginia Community and Technical College
West Virginia Northern Community College
West Virginia University at Parkersburg
WYOMINGLaramie County Community College
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APRIL 2017
Katherine C. Rizzo ..................Choffin School of Surgical Tech, Youngstown, Ohio
Monica Marie Downing ........Delta College, University Center, Mich.
Samuel S. Stevens ..................Harrisburg Area Community College, Harrisburg, Penn.
Danielle Korzun .....................Monongalia Technical Education Center, Morgantown, W.V.
Joshua Scarcella .....................Monongalia Technical Education Center, Morgantown, W.V.
Diane Lee Hooper .................Sinclair Community College, Dayton, Ohio
Aynur S. Tairova ....................Sinclair Community College, Dayton, Ohio
Staci L. Wright .......................Sinclair Community College, Dayton, Ohio
Crystal Fox ............................Southeast Community College, Lincoln, Neb.
Jennifer Kleinschmidt .............Southeast Community College, Lincoln, Neb.
Flor Pulido .............................Southeast Community College, Lincoln, Neb.
Trelby Virus ...........................Southeast Community College, Lincoln, Neb.
Kalie Bennett .........................Temple College, Temple, Texas
Nailah Gould .........................Temple College, Temple, Texas
Valencia Hajduk ....................Temple College, Temple, Texas
Megan Marie Hensley ...........Temple College, Temple, Texas
Victoria M. Pizano .................Temple College, Temple, Texas
Diana Priestly ........................Temple College, Temple, Texas
Deanna Sampson ..................Temple College, Temple, Texas
Heather Stockdale .................Temple College, Temple, Texas
Kristy Williams .......................Temple College, Temple, Texas
Jae Hope Bevan .....................Ulster Boces Adult Education, Port Ewen, N.Y.
Lea Byrne ..............................Ulster Boces Adult Education, Port Ewen, N.Y.
Alyssa Campbell ....................Ulster Boces Adult Education, Port Ewen, N.Y.
Victoria Kathryn O’Shea ........Ulster Boces Adult Education, Port Ewen, N.Y.
Dianna Belifore .......................Western Suffolk Boces, Northport, N.Y.
Sherrygay Swazey ..................Western Suffolk Boces, Northport, N.Y.
MARCH 2017
De’Amber Michelle Offord ....Concorde Career College, Dallas, Texas
Melissa Van Hecker ...............Concorde Career College, Dallas, Texas
Jacqueline Steeds ...................Fortis College, Nashville, Tenn.
Karen Delauder .....................Jefferson College of Health Sciences, Roanoke, Va.
Marilyn C. Shelor ..................Jefferson College of Health Sciences, Roanoke, Va.
2017 National Society InducteesCongratulations to these outstanding students!
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