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Transcript of v'wa.aig drrloj dry dVqV L+[SgbJ sg sptJa~l.r[sVj ^ #BjrJ...
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Vhk bjdHbj m le'G wav h'S rjv[ sgbJ dW,B~dW,B a,wsgbJ b,tJ Rphs[ dZbjV'G
dVwvsgbJ Hg Vhk lV m$$51
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W'vsj lg hpS dWvwpv Hg yp,f h' debj m!!!v'wk Vqj; fC% w[ uj ih[ hp.s[ a[ Rph rp;P
wisj ds,lsj@ dHLj sg Vqj; a[ h'i rg dyi Vjv fC%sj m52
dHr[G vdhSj dl>z rg bjfSj s[L ujdHsjs A,c w[ Vhk ujSj yjhp.sj lg ba[ RplV[ bjfS[
fdirji Vjv lvjh wiw[ Ziq WsvSj rZ[i[ Rpdya lqdNbj m Fjr[G fdirji fdhvJ dHl e,v }
182
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a[ q"vrg bWspv wigq } qpWjiwWjs ds,ag m53
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bjfP> Vhk dVwv[ dltJ ;Wislag w,DdTbj@ fHg ujY bjfS[ fjdwlajV m lF wpN
t'h tpl w[ vp,B~fp,B dvbj m blk i'fC dry dWvwpv tjvg h,o dVwv w[ f{sv apis[
ih[ a[ ija Vdhi lidh>s s[ w.T[ qldus v,wC Ljh dry w,Bg m54
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Rph rg dVijLjrjsg lpi dry usdw blqjV $a[ w'Hg w'Hg BjrJ BjrJ ajij yqwsj ] m fi.aP us'G
Rplsg bjfSg faVg Vjv fdhvg qpvjwja hp.sg ] aJ Rpl} qdhlPl hp.sj ]@
Wjig dry'G y.V a[ Vhk dsl dihj lg fi hi fjl[ dlbjv sg yjVSg drAg h'Hg lg m
blqjV dry BjrJ BjrJ ajij ds,lsj lg@ Rph rg dx,wj dx,wj m RphV[ dHw~dHw ajij
xi'v w[ r[dtbj fi dwl[ aji[ dry w'Hg lPia Vj ds,lg m55
183
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] m Rph bjfSg lPN~WPN Vjv@ df>c dry #zpdqbjiJ sj qp>cj$ w.qk wqgV btrjRpS Vjv'G Ldhi
dry r,lS } fdhv ds>sj ] m
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drhv[ qp>DdcbJ } i';eji v,F debj m x[i RphV[ ljWS sj wjitjVj vjdHbj a[ h'i
wHg o'C%J fC[ a[ bVfC% tf eH[ m fdhvJ bjC%ag@ rfjig@ n[w[sji a[ f{l[ rjvj W.sj
lg hpS wjitjV[sji rg h' debj lg m56
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w'v b,fC uJsj m Rph Rph} dwl[ Vj dwl[ w.q vj s[Gsj m h"vg h"vg df>cJ dry'G RpKn w[
Whp. lji[ w.qg~wjig Ldhi bj r,Dl[ m57
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#BjrJ BjrJ ajij$ Vjrv dry Vjrvwji V[ fjai Rpljig } s' L+[SgbJ dry r.dcbj ] m hi
y.e[ fjai sg y.debjHg a[ Wpi[ fjai sg WpdibjHg } Rpl s[ lqjuw dfA'wC s[ l.siF dry
dyadibj ] m
##u[ ?jdvs sj dHWvgl rjil lg a[ x[i WjlP sj dHWvgl VPij lg m dHw fjl[ a[ Rphsg
wsi a[ ajig` h' ihg lg a[ sPu[ fjl[ ljd;LJ m Rph b,De[ rg dHvjw[ sj qLhPi
dtcwji lg fi LgLq dl>z Vjv qpwjWvj du,a w[ Rphsg qLhPig sPi~sPi agw b,fC
eHg lg m$$58
Vjrv BjrJ BjrJ ajij fjdwlajV f>ujWg VjrvJ s[ agu[ s"i s[ dHdahjl dry dHw bduhg
evf~iyVj ] duhCg ujegisjig~fP>ugrjsg ijul,aj s[ enu'C } bjfSg lgdqa lqi,oj s[
WjruPs rg v'waJadiw T.e Vjv RpV%J sgbJ rZgwgbJ } vvwjisg f+aga hp.sg ] m dVqV
184
L+[SgbJ sg hji ijhk Vjrvwji riaqjV ijul,aj s[ Z,Dw[ ba[ RpV%J s[ s.Fg dwisji sj fisj`jL
wisj ] m Rph lojfag sgbJ yjvJ@ fpdvl sj dwisji@ ep.dcbJ sj V{KBriw ba[ Wpi;Pbj
V[ajdeig sj brjq dri'Zg drhji } Rph dVqV L+[SgbJ sgbJ d;bjsagbJ s[ l.siF dry f[L
wisj ] m lojfag dVqV L+[SgbJ } ijulg dfC dry sj?v h'S a'G riusg hg Vhk le'G hi hirj
ria w[ RpV%J } dHl dry'G Wjhi rg lp,Bsg ] m aqjq dri'ZajrJ a[ r,Dl'G Wjhig ijuVgaw hjvaJ
s[ WjruPs rg tjdvs brjq f,tg fjdwlajVg lqju s[ Fdr,t sj dyhV f+aga hp.sj ] m iPf~iyVj
sg ds=LBg a'G Vjrvwji lq,Ddlbj } Rpls[ ijuVgaw-bjiow l.siF a[ lJld*aw Vphji $y hg
f+dadW>Wa Vhk wisj le'G fjaiJ s[ ydi,ai sgbJ drbwagea ?jlgbaJ } rg dyaisj ] m dHh
dyaiS Rpl} Iojiorjsg VjrvwjiJ sg w'Bg dry Ljqv wisj ] m
hrjv[ ba[ dB,fSgbJ
1! wiV{v dl>z do>s@ #fjdwlajVg f>ujWg Vjrv$@ fjdwlajVg f>ujWg ljdha sj l.t[f ujdH;j@ f>DV[ 83-
84!
2! wiV{v dl>z do>s \l.fj!|@ `?i uqjV s[ Vjrv@ f>Vj 44!
3! lr{ljyg@ lPhg lr[i@ f>Vj 121!
4! Joanne Maher, (Senier Echbor), 'The Europa World Year Book 2007' Haines House, 21
Johan Street, London, WC1N2BP, United Kingdom, 2007, pp. 3466-85.
5! lr{ljyg@ lPhg lr[i@ f>Vj 122!
6! Rphg@ f>Vj 127!
7! Rphg@ f>Vj 129!
8! qph.qs qVLj Ijs@ BjrJ BjrJ ajij@ f>Vj 454!
9! Rphg@ f>Vj 455!
10! Rphg@ f>Vj 456!
11! Rphg@ f>Vj 456!
12! Rphg@ f>V[ 456-457!
13! Rphg@ f>V[ 461-62!
185
14! Rphg@ f>Vj 23!
15! Rphg@ f>V[ 30-31!
16! b"iaJ sg W.stvjlg Wji[@ f>Vj 29!
17! Rphg@ f>Vj 174!
18! Rphg@ f>Vj 175!
19! Rphg@ f>Vj 314!
20! Rphg@ f>Vj 315!
21! Rphg@ f>Vj 353!
22! Rphg@ f>Vj 353!
23! Rphg@ f>Vj 354!
24! Rphg@ f>Vj 356!
25! Rphg@ f>Vj 357!
26! Rphg@ f>Vj 357!
27! Rphg@ f>Vj 358!
28! Rphg@ f>Vj 425!
29! Rphg@ f>Vj 435!
30! Rphg@ f>Vj 442!
31! Rphg@ f>Vj 451!
32! Rphg@ f>Vj 452!
33! Rphg@ f>Vj 452!
34! Rphg@ f>Vj 453!
35! Rphg@ f>Vj 454!
36! Rphg@ f>Vj 454!
37! Rphg@ f>Vj 462!
38! Rphg@ f>Vj 81!
39! Rphg@ f>Vj 207!
40! Rphg@ f>Vj 171!
186
41! Rphg@ f>Vj 458!
42! Rphg@ f>Vj 296!
43! Rphg@ f>Vj 296!
44! Rphg@ f>Vj 454!
45! Rphg@ f>V[ 51-52!
46! Rphg@ f>Vj 46!
47! Rphg@ f>V[ 46-47!
48! Rphg@ f>Vj 139-140!
49! Rphg@ f>Vj 142!
50! Rphg@ f>V[ 92!
51! Rphg@ f>Vj 371!
52! Rphg@ f>Vj 372!
53! Rphg@ f>Vj 375!
54! Rphg@ f>Vj 379!
55! Rphg@ f>Vj 262!
56! Rphg@ f>Vj 270!
57! Rphg@ f>Vj 270!
58! Rphg@ f>Vj 59!