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O�it M57?ov7!l?Z6iZ£77Z - UNITED states �GOVERNMENTTo � -yr� N1°h°13*_, DAIE: September 25, 1953anon IF I 2 ll. q

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&#39; 3&#39;¥%"=r 1*A summary o he �bsenbeig espionage conspiracy was

written by the Domestic Intelligence Division. You requestedthat we prepare a memorandum on the basis of this summary forpublication in the above-captioned magazine. The attachedmemorandum contains a detailed account of the Rosenberg spycase with its extensive ramifications.

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The original memorandum written by the Domestic Intelli-t t ct our infor-gence Division was reviewed b that Division o pro e

mants. Reference to �rsas deleted as was the name ofJerome Eugene Tartakow who was in the same jail with Rosenberg.Tartalrow furnished information to the Bureau. bf

" � At your request the names of VIVIAN GLASSMAN PATAKI, ,ANNE� and MICHAEL SIDOROFICH were omitted. ,

intermediary with money and instructions for him to leave the- United States._..o-Q

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"&#39; The Sidorovichs are the husband and wife who were sup-~- L.�.&#39; posed to contact Greenglass in New Mexico."D &#39; RECOMMENDATION: i&#39;.� IS

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That the attached memorandum," if found suitable, besubmitted to "Look" magazine as reference material in connectionwith a proposed article that� is to bappear__in this magazinefolr} 3

e Rosenberg case. �_,_ . f5 �Am� up Mega!� 3 �U� Classified.- g Dsclass�l o.0.:___ BABE?�

Attachment J�bié/pwd/M &#39;� 1� .ADDENDUM: October l, 1953, APL:blb@="�:�" J 4 �The Domestic Intelligence Division has no objection to the attachedmemorandum being submitted to &#39;_"Looh&#39;" magazine as reference material.However it is recammended*that any proposed article prepared f�lgthis material be submitted to the Bureau for ,r iew pI"$O7�¢FI.i;~ns~- RECORDED-53 §2.s¬.;8- I? 3 Zxyv;-,

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Abel testified at the Rosenberg s strial. �e islthe brother-in-�lam

" �of David Grssnglass. Abel contacted -0. John Roggs, attorney, at the "request of Grseng1ass._ Bogge was _-counsel for Greenglass. pp. 83, 4?!

David Greenglass testified that after�the arrest of Harry Gold in May,&#39;l9505Rosenberg attempted to persuade him

Greeng1ass!to leave the United States.Rosenberg also told Greenglass thatmore ilportant persons than Greenglasshad left the country and mentionedthat Joel Barr lqft the United Statesbefore Fuchs was arrested and wasworking for the Qussians in Europe.Barr&#39;s present location is not known. De &#39; " " I

This witness identified Sobell as anindiviiual who registered in a hotel iTcmpicc, Mexico, in July, 19.50. p. o

Horton Sobell signed a Communist P�rtypetition for Isidore Begun, a ConnunieParty candidate, on lugust 8, l939. p. 14! _ " _ -

She testified at the Rosenberg trialand admitted that she was formerly aCommunist courier. p. 5?!

He has the physician for the Rosenbergand testified at the Rosenberg trial.Rosenberg asked his about injections .needed to go to lezioo.~ p. 44! -

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In hie teetinony, dreenglaee etatedthat while at Loo Alanoe he learned

the identity of Hails Bohr ahoeeoover name was Baker. This ie the

only reference to Bohr in the neno.

In January, 1952, a QiationalCommittee to Becure Justice in theRosenberg Oaee" wae formed withJoseph Brainin as ohairnan. Theoffice of thie committee was locatedat 246 Fifth Avenue, Iew fort City. p.-re! ~ -- -

Harry 501d worked fbr Abe BrothaanAeeoeiatee. Iatoulev, Soviet vice-coneul, told Gold that Brothaan hadbeen investigated in 1945 and that6016 had oieoet ruined eleven geeee

?f work by working jbr Brothnan.P- 49! A . x

8he ie o Iegro maid who worked parttine for the Roeenberge and testifiedto eeeing d new table in the livingroom of the Rosenberg apartment lone-tiee in 494$. Qhie table nae given tthe Roeenberge by the Bueeiane accordto David Oreenglaee. , p. 45! 71 &#39; &#39; _ ,

lb testified at the loeenberg tria1._Ie aduieed Sobell told hie he wae

leaving for a vacation in Mexico. inreceived nail from Sobell sent fromlee.-ioo and forwarded an enclosure inthie letter to Edith Levitou. p. 66

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Be testified at the Rosenberg trial.He was a U. 5. Ar-my officer from .1942to 1946. lb gave tsotinony that-thesketch of the otoa bomb drawn byDavid Greengloss woe o sketch of thetype of atom boob which was dropped mIagasaki, Japan, in 1945. fa. 47! _

Edelman petitioned the Saare�e Goartof the United States for a writ ofhobeas corpus on behal of the V.Hooenbergs in 1958. g. 184! "Elitcher testified that he wasacquainted with Sobell and hosenberg.He testified that Rosenberg asked hisfor information regarding his workwhich aight he of value to the SovietUnion. , p. I8! &#39;

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This witness at the Rosenberg trialidentified Sobell as one who purchaseeyeglasses fro: her in fena Grus. P- 62! 92

Be is an attorney who submitted apetition for a grit of habeae corpusbefore a-Federal judge of the courtof the Southern District of Few Ionhrequesting the release of Julius andIthel Rosenberg. PO 183!

The National Gonnittee of the GonnuniaParty issued e statement on Jhne 28,1953, signed by Flynn charging thatthe Roeenberge were Qfoully murdered." o. 152!

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Ioeter&#39;e eignature aleo appearedon the petition eigned by Elizabeth4urley_Flynn. {pi 152! . -

Iwohe nae arrested by.the Britiehon February 2, 1950, and admitted hieinvolvement in Soviet atomic espionage

P- F! . i - o . 92 ,

Harry Gold teetified at the Rosenbergtrial that he nae engaged in Sovietespionage fron_l985 up to the time of

"hie arrest in lay, l950. p. 35! -._

He testified at the Rosenberg trialthat he etole information about theaton bomb and turned thie matter over

to Julius Boeenberg. p. 82! ~

She corroborated the testimony of herhusband, David Greenglaes, at theRosenberg trial. p. 34!

Horton Sobell married Helen Levitov

Guremite in March, 1945. Hie wifenae previously married to ClarenceDarrow Gurewite. p. 12! .

She is the wife of Horton Sobell. p.1

Rosenberg told David Greenglaee to fleto £!;iee= ypon his arrival in yeeiocCity, he nae to eend a letter to theSoviet Ehbaeeg in Mexico City and signit "I. Jaokeon." PC 82!

1-_ ___ _LI.�.I __ _ J_L___4_ ....I&#39;.L_4_-a I-Hl I68 064160 GI G GCJIBII witness In

the Roeenberg trial. nu testified thcthe ealee reoorde of Hboy&#39;e Departmen1Store for the gear 1944 and 1945 hadbeen deetroyed. {PO 68!

dreenglaee testified that he worked Ua groan at Loo Jlamoe under Dr.

gietiaeoweky of Harvard University.-. OD

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Loeki, a nuclear oheniet, testifiedat the Rosenberg trial. Hie teetilon;related to the eketchee of the atombomb prepared by David Greenglaee atthe trial. _ pq 46! __ t .- g_ &#39;_

_. 92- . __ 1 - . &#39; _�&#39; ,1» &#39;_&#39;. -. . _--, |&#39;~ _ &#39; _ -- A.

Iillian Dansiger teetified that hereceived nail from Sobell postmarkedin Mexico city; _The return addreeeon the envelope had the name qf QU-or Uorty Leuitov" with a lwzioo City_addrese»&#39; The envelope contained aletter for Daneiger, an enclosure forEdith Levitov and 0 note requeetingPaneiger to fcrwc:d_the enclosure toEdith Leuieoo. p. cl! It ie to benoted that Horton Sobell ie married

to one Helen Levitov. 9. 12! _

See comment on idith Zevitou; pi 61,

He ie an attorney who attempted to .file a petition for a writ of habeaecorpue on behalf of the Rosenberg:in June, 1953. p. 1&6!

Judge Kaufman, presiding judge at theRosenberg trial, in paesing on theaoolicotion of Joliua and EthelRosenberg for clemency declared insubstance; The court was not bound "

by the aentenoes inpoeed on Fuchsand Alan lunn lay who were convictedin Britain for violating the act know:ca the q�ficial Secrets Act. p. 121,

David areenglaee teetified that whileat Lee Alana; he learned the identityof Dr. Opsenheiner. Oppenheimer ie ,not mentioned again in the memo. p.

She teetifiedathat in June, 1950, oneLouie jbel brought to the q�fioe ofattorney 0. John Bogge a package ofmoney wrapped in brown paper. p. 48!

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Perl was called before a Federal

Grand Jury on Seotember ll, 1550,and questioned concerning hisassociation with Rosenberg, éobelland others-? He nae indicted in rHarch,�l95l,&#39;on fear coanta ofperjury arising out of certain _�denials he node concerning his &#39;

acquaintances with these individuals.Be was found guilty on two counts =and sentenced to serue,five years inprison on each count. The sentences

were to run concurrently; v p. 65!I 1.~ e

$he Rational Qcanittee of the &#39;Gonnuniet Party issued a statementon June 23, 1955, signed by PettisPerry charging that the Bosenber swere �foully murdered." p. 1523

- » .

She is the sister of Ruth Greenglasa.�ne testified at the Rosenberg trialthat early in 1945 Julius Rosenbergcame to the apartment which she eharcc

with her sister. p. 45!

A eeriee of articles aupeared in the"Notional Guardian," una�ficial weeklpublication of the Communist-dominate:frcgreesive Party, in the Summer ofI981. This llriee, written byKillian A. Reuben, "Iational Guardian�reporter, commenced with an article

entitled "Io Ihis the Dreyfus Caeeof Gold For America?� p. 74;

Bios testified that in Ju1y,&#39;l950, henot Sobell and his family who had nowinto_an adjoining apartment in Mexico. P-61! ~- 92 _

He is an attorney who filed a petitio:for a writ of habeae corpus on behalfof the Boeenberge in June, 1953. fp-

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Principal subject. p. �lo!

David Greenglaee testified thatJulius Rosenberg had two apartmentsin eee Zort Qity ehieh acre ueed,forphotographic activities qf the -Rosenberg eepicnage network. Inveeti-cation hoe reflected that a GreenwichVillage apartment at 65 Horton Street,Jew fork City, nae frequented byRoeenberg, Barr and Perl. This apart-nent nae leaned by Alfred Sarant.Barant left New York Gity in August,l950, and entered Hesioo ehortly thereqfter.i Hie present whereabouts ieunknown. p. 89!

no testified that he took photographsof the entire Roaenberg family inlay or June, 1950. p. 44! -

Slanaky was a former Czechoslovakiantoiauniat leader who died on the

gallows in 1952. p. 44!

Helen Leuitoa Gurewite Soboll married

Norton Sobell in 1945. fp. 12!

Principal subject in the Rosenberg-92_Eobell trial. p. 12! . 92

�reenplaee itatea that While at Lo:Alanos he learned the identity of~Dr.Urey. He is not nentioned in anyother part of the neno. p. 23!

This litnees iaentified a regietratiacard of a hotel at Vera Orue ae oearl�the name Harrie Sand. 8obell&#39;sattorney conceded that the eignatareen ihie card was in the handwriting

e; s.n.11. p. e2! .&#39; _�,._ __ _� I &#39;

II nae a {truer �ouiet vioe-consul "Hem Iork Qity. Qarry Gold identiI"�hie as hie Soviet principal to vh°*he turned over information. P- 3!

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Q &#39; vi8ometime ago the 8oviet Governmeut publicly announced._ _ --. ,_

the detonation sf an atomic bomb. fast experience had taught usto treat lightly Hbscow pronouncements.� Ebmeper, the Ihite _Hcuse, in e solesn statement in September, 1949, related tbe___disheartening news that startled and then shocked the lotion-"Newsweek" magazine, October 15, 1951.o The Kremlin had finally jntbomed the secrets of the

atom. Ins this an inevitable accomplishment? To Ihom could

the Russian Government pay tribute jwr this fateful discovery?I 9&#39; .- .

Ins it due to Russian scientific ingenuity or to American -

traitors? }V -

&#39; It meither could be sscribsd sole credit. Russian

ingenuity in the scientific field led probebly contributed4 � �. . I , 7 _

played byimmensely to this discovery. But shot of the_port. _ _

Americas traitors? _Ibst sf tbs port pleyed by the executedV-~-�. _ 1 -.92&#39;_ ~ -. -9292_-_&#39;,&#39; _--. � -.

atom spies, Jblias and Ithel Rosenberg? !Bis&#39;tbem is the "story of their deed of infamy - a crime worse than murder.

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;~.. _1aforsation mas received by the lsderal lreau of

Investigation in the Summer of I949 that the secret of the "

construction of the atom bomb had been stolen and turned ~

ever to e�foreign power. lhmediate investigation Ias undertaken.

the investigation resulted in the identification of lhil Jblius

llaus Ihchs, derman-bsrs British atomic scientist.A sritish

intelligence authorities were advised. lhchs Ias arrested by,

the British on Ihbruary 2, 1950, and admitted his involvement

in Boviet atomic espionage. It did sot tnov the identity of =

his American contact. the latter vas subsequently identified .

through extensive Bureau investigation as ihrry fold, a

Philadelphia chemist. On lb: 22; l950, Gold confessed his

espionage activity to the 131. _ &#39;

&#39; Investigation of lorry Gold&#39;s admissions 1.. to the

identification of Dhvid Greenglass, I United States lrmy en-

listed man who lad been assigned at Los llamas, lee lwsico, in

1944 and 1945, as a Soviet agent. Gold related he lad picked

up espionage material frsm&#39;0resng1ass daring June, 1945, on

instructions sf "J�oIu|," his Soviet principal. "John" nae sub? &#39;

eegventlg identified as Anatoli !a!evlev,,!er;er éeviet vice- o

consul is Ii! 1.»: city, who left the U. 8. is December, I946.

Interrogation qf Oreenglass and his wife, Ruth, resulted in

admissions of espionage activity under the instructions of

Jhlius and Ethel Rosenberg, brother~in-lav and sisteq respec-

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tive1v,qf David Ureenglase. Ha: Elitcher, a Naval Ordnance

engineer, and an admitted Communist, was interviewed. He

dieeloeed that Horton Bobell, radar_enginesr and fyrner7- �AK. _ , . _e. _ .� ��- e,�-,__ ..�.-,__..� I

e1asenate&#39;of Iliteher and Rosenberg at the Go11ege&#39;of the City _

of New fork, was also involved in the Rosenberg espionage network

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&#39;" e - Jvlive Rosenberg was born lay 12, 1918, at New fork

City. Re was the eon of Harry and Sophie Rosenberg, Jewish

immigrants, both of when were born in Russia. He had one &#39;

brother and three sieters. . e .. , "&#39; e ; .

u i�i&#39; Ethel Rosenberg, nee Greenglass, I08 born September 885

1915, in �ew fork City, the daughter of Barnett and Tessie Green-

glaes, also Jewish immigrants. _Rer father was born in Russia and

her nether was born in Austria. Other members of her family

included David and Bernard Greenglaes, her brothers, and Samuel

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February, 1939, nnen.ne graduated with a bachekre degree in

Ileetrieal £ngineering._ no also took-various oonrses at

Brooklyn Polyteohnio Institute and New fork University School

of Engineering daring 19411 In September, lean, Julius &#39;

annual-I Jinfnimnp� Ag A �l_Ig!Q_I&#39; QQQDLIQQQJ� ragig!win-Ia can wwutv-v-�vv_v-v 1- 1- U-w g � {

the Ibr Department Signal Bnpply q�fioe, New fork General Depot,

Brootlyn, lea fork. no was transferred in Ootober, 1941, to �

the Signal Uorpl, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, In October, 1942,

he was traneferred to the Newark Signal Oorpe, Inspection Zone,

Newark, Iem Jereey. In February, 1948, he was promoted to the

position of Associate Engineer, Inspection. no

from hie position on February 10, 1945, pending

the Secretary of Iar on recounendations node by

e�fioer gar removal on the basis Q! information

was suspended

decision by&#39;

his commanding

indicating his

Communist farty Ienberohip, 8oeenberg&#39;s&#39;snp1oynent with the

Government was terminated larch 86, 2945. On Jebruary 26, 1945,

he had obtained employment as an Assistant Ingineer with the

Inerson Radio and Phonograph Corporation, 111 Eighth Avenue,

lbw fork City. This elploynent nae terminated on Deoenber ?,

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Ethel Boeenberg nae employed by the Iational New rare

Packing and Shipping Goapany, 33?_1eet 86th Jtreet, Ieu_!ort .I , 92 . u &#39; _- _ &#39; - 92 - A�. _ 4 . , » &#39;

_Citv, fro: Iebruary, 1932, te&#39;9otober; 1935.� she nae also

employed at the Bell fertile Gomoany, 853 Broadway, lea YorkGity; Iron Juguet, 1938, to June, 1940� In June, 1940, ehe. V 1

nae appointed ae a teeporary_olert with the Oeneue Bureau,

Department of Gomaerae, iaehington, D. C. On October l, 1940,�thie employment mae terminated. i" - &#39; ,

M wwl�re urlrzru-mwp�saoariaza t i r

" - Investigation revealed that it nae about 1932 when .

Juliue loeenberp etarted aeeooiating with Ethel Greeng1aee.e

Juliue_nae dielihed by Ethelie parents and nae not allowed

to vieit the parente&#39; home at 84 sherijy street, New fort City,

from about 1932 until l935» During that period Ethel and her

two younger hrothere, Bernard and David, eooupied an apartment

on a floor above the home of their parente because the parente

did not have adequate roan. Juliue Boeenberg would vieit

Ethel frequently at thie upetaire apartment without the parente&#39;

knonledge- Thin apartment nae littered with oopiee of the

�baily Ior8er"and �oneuniet ;arty literature. Juliue and ��&#39;.. * -.

@_;m_Im 1____. .0 I ___m Q&#39; _ _.m_4_ L__e. ___Etna: oeaame violent vonnuniete eetween 4 �" &#39; ind after

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with their views.

Jnfornation obtained in lurch, 1944; reflected that/.

Jylius Rosenberg uae&#39;a nenber of the Communist Party and trans

{erred fr» branch zae of the Industrial puma; If the s V

¬eanunist {arty to the hast Side group of the first AssemblyDistrict ssderjransfer Io. 121-re. an information in - �

furnished to the Security and Intelligence Division, 8econd &#39;

Service Qsnnand, Governors Island, IUI tort, in visa qf .

losenberg&#39;s enploynent by the Ihr Jhpartnent at that tine.

farther investigation reflected that Besenberg, ehile e

etndent at the gollege e! the City a!.Ien Iort, signed e

petition urging the granting qf a charter to a chapter qf @the Anerioan Students Union to be established at that college.

this investigation also established that his rife, Ethel,

had signed a Connunist lartg petition-

. " losenherg&#39;s position with the dovsrnnsnt was

terminated in lbeenber, 1945, es set forth hereinbefere. 3

A search of the Rosenberg apartment at the time qf_

the arrest of Jhliue Rosenberg disclosed that lthel and

Julius loeesherg Iere nenbers of the International Ibrkers

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oeived by the let York Ofyioe of the :81 SI sag, n, . . , I

the effect that Ethel Rosenberg was estrenely connunistio

teent to no to lashington, B. oi,

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in the building during the strike.t v 92 �~ T_ .~ .

Rosenberg allegedly had been

arrested during a deaohetration concerning the German ship, o:.-Q o ; 3 _ �

u; 92..¢ &#39; &#39;

8.8, Bremen; in few fork City in the sumaer of 1933 or 1936,and had spent a few days in the Old

e -- P4 1-; QIQQ 14$ Q. l� Ta� QLFU F�

money but that_onlu he or hie wife,

and that the only reason he did not

nae to �take sare of some friende.&#39;

he was liable to the death sentence

Jiee before his arrest

Tombs Prison. *

brw U

Ethel, had access to it

.Roeenberg was aware that

and allegedly lads the&#39;

statement that as Jhr ae he was eoscerhed, he played the game�

and lost, and would have to take the results. " � &#39;

Ruth Greenglaes has advised that it was an accepted

jhct by all members of the Rosenberg and Greenglaoe families

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attended the Pratt Institute of Sciencejbr a short period in

2948, etudying mechanical designing. Baring hie early life, he_/

worked in hie Jataerfe enop. pee nae eaployed by Freeman Brothers,r-. , Lt A �_ �, .. ;._

no York �ity, from� June, 1940,.to center�, 1941.� go poo aleo -. -. �._ _ _

employed by Peerless Lcboratariee&#39;in Few fort City from October,

1941, to larch, 1943. on vac inducted into: tne Unitea States

Army on April 5,&#39;1943, and entered active duty at Fort Dix, �ee .

Jersey, on April 18, l948.&#39; He nae thereafter traneferred to Aray

Service Ibrcee Training Command, Miasiesippi Ordnance Plant, liar:

Hiaeieeippi. During July, 1944, he was transferred to the Jwret

Provisional Special Engineer Detachment Unit, Manhattan �ngineer

District, oak Ridge, Tennessee, arriving tnere_July 8?, 1944. He

departed,frcm Oak Ridge on August 2, 1944, and joined the Second

Provisional Engineer Detachment Unit at Santa Fe, New ucxicc, an

Auguet 5, 1944. .0n Iebruary 88, 1946, he was traneferred to Jon

Blies, Texas, and diecharged from the drag on Iebrcarp B9, 1946,

In 194?, Greenglaee vent into bueineee with Jhliue Boeenberg and

otherei They formed a eogpany tnoun ae the Pitt Iacnine Product:

Company, Incorporated. In August, 1949, Greenglaea left the

company beoauee of poor financial ocnditione there. Re thereaf1

became employed ae a aachiniet by the Jrna corporation, Brooklyn1 .

Hem fork, which eeployeent nae oeaeed when he nae arreatod by tn

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B�In... ;

V __ pauid Grsenglass garried Ruth Print: on Iouenber 29,-»_ . . - _ &#39; �- . -�

l942. Bis iiju was born April 80,�l924, at lam fort City, and &#39;-- - ;- e_ "92 .&#39; _ . ., ~ : &#39; � � _

lived all her life in the sane neighborhood in uhioh oreeng1aee&#39;was raised. they have two ohildren, Stephen, born August 8, 1946,

and Barbara, born lay ld,&#39;l950a W =-; * ;.- g"=_ _ " &#39;

¬.l1B1&#39;EB5I&#39;EJQIIZITIF53{..4lE_eAFEILETLQLQZ < o ; o q

&#39; David Grssnglass reportedly had cone under the influence

of his sister, Ethel, when he was about 12 years of age. At then

tine, Ethel was 19 years old and pas being aourted by Julius

Rosenberg. at fn-it David opposed the efforts of Ethel and Juliusr. ... A _ _ � , &#39;

to convert him to Communism and disliked Julius, but after Julius

bought David a chemistry set, the two became very friendly and

Julius was able to influence David considerably. It was further �

learned that Julius Rosenberg continued to be a frequent visitor

at the apartment occupied by David and Ethel until Julius.narried

Ethel in 1939; During that tiae,.David beoane eutrenely fond qf

Julius and was fully converted to Colnunist ideals expounded by

Ethel and Julius. ls a result, David joined the Young Oonuunist

League at the_age of_l4i � , f. _,, _; ._;. _, � _ _ _1 - � . � 7

� &#39;1� Ruth Greenglass, life of David dreenglass, advised that&#39; V 1 .1 &#39; .

7 4 - - . .

nher husband looted up to Julius uith_a oertain degree of hero ._

worship and that Julius influenced David to think along Communist

lines by bringing Gouuunist Party literature to David when the

latter was 18 or 14 years old.

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David Greenglass has stated that he was indootrinated

with Communist principles in his youth by Julius and Ethel

*Tx. Ti ,xosenberg and nos n nenbsr qr the Ibung 0oununist.;eogue in New

Iork,frol 1936 to 1938-} Bu continued hie_belief_in&#39;0ommunisn,

"but never Joined the Communist Party. or claimo to have become

�disillusioned with Conmunisn when Tito of Ihgoelacia coo expelled

�from the Coninfora. Afhis incident, he olaino, bro�yht home to hi

that �onnunion was being used as a tool by the USSR for the pur-

pose of-world conquest instead qf workigg toward a panacea.92- _� Soon after her marriage to Do id Greenglass, Ruth

, 1 .

Greenglass claims to have been converted to the principles or

Uonmunien by her husband. She nae a member of a branch of the

Young Communist League for about a year in 1943 and was presiden

of the branch for about three ueeho. She states she became dio-

,i1lusioned with Communion ftllowing&#39;Ibrld for II when it became

apparent that the USSR had embarked on a program of world oonque

Edgagggfgggdg pages 2? and 42 and serial 83?! W _

It in interesting to note that in checking the Army

service record of David Greenglase, it mas determined that the

aeoignaent of Gresnglass_to atonic_sner9U wort occurred under:- __ . _.-_92 _. r_. � . �F _ _ _ -_ �

the Jhllowing circunstancee; On July 8, 1944, ordsre were senta ._ _ .92

to the iieeieei-- once P�ont; where areengiase was aeeigneo

P .

to tronefer oi: soldiers, all named, to Oat Bidoe,_renneoeee, fa

aseignnent to the Manhattan §ngineer District. Greenglass was

not one of the soldiers named. By letter dated Juzu 14, 1944, t

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naned was AIOL and asked permission to substitute Greenglase for

the AIOL soldier. Permission was granted and by special order

dated Jhlg lI,.l94¢,i�reenglaes eae,traneferred to-0at_8idge, gl�§_5?0iE§?§Qam£h%O%&obe incident; it ii possible that Green-

glaes would not have been assigned to sort involving research to

produce en atomic bosb end uould not have been a subject for _. . ll .._ .

espionage recruitment by Julius Rosenberg. ;It is farther poeeibl

that the involvesent of Julius Rosenberg in espionage night not

have been detected, i&#39;* - ~ T &#39; /7 e, .

-h�orggg 8ogg11"-_ n _ 1,� =i§.... V z ,

&#39; lwrton Bobell IBI born spril I1, 191?; in lea fork �-

City, the son of Russian-born immigrants. ls harried " &#39;

Helen Levitov Guremits at Arlington, Virginia, on larch 10,

1945. lie rife nae previously aorried to Clarence Barron

dareaita. e fro: Qareaite on

larch 5, 1945, she was awarded ouetodg_e{ their daughter,

Jydneg Gurenite, then ei: gears of age. the 8obe11s have

a second child, Hart Bobell, age §. &#39;

_ Bobell attended,8taguesant ligh lbhool from

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of New York in June, 1938, with a bachelar�degree in electrical

engineering. Subsequently he attended the University qr

Aiichigan Graaaate School in 1941 and 1948,.fTon which institutionhe received a naeter&#39;e degree in electrical engineeringie A

| � J 7 , V

t - i Jobell was employed during the Sumner: Q! 1934 through&#39; . » _ .

1938 as s Iaintenance nan at Camp Unity, Iingdale, New Iort,."

reportedly a Communist-controlled camp, On January 8?, l9$9,_

5 Q} genier electrical engineer with the

mreau of Iaval Ordnance, Iaehingtoly B. 6&#39;. He nae promoted

to the position Of aeeietant electrical engineer. He resigned. - �_ _ _ _ ,

Jroa this position in October, 1940, to further his etudies ;

at the University of lichigan; After obtaining hie laeter�e _

degree, he eecured employment on Jhne 15, 1948, as a teat _

engineer with the General Electric Company, Schenectady, New for

In the early stages of his employment with this company, he work

an an engineer in the Marine and Aeronautics Division. At the V

F

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David Greenglaoo was arrested by the FBI. On Jhne 22, 1950,

Sobell ahd_hio Jhaily fled to Mexico. no nae thereafter- -" �,- &#39; &#39;- I V "��|-.. � . &#39; &#39; &#39;

located in lbeico City and on August 18, 1950, nae taken_into

cuetody by Bureau agents at Zaredo, Texas, after hie deportation

fro: leeioo by the lexicon authoritieei, "&#39; . - &#39;_

.§2PZE5$l?Ee49T£IZ!¥¬§_dJ3a4F?2Ii4II2l§ A. I� _&#39; &#39; e I

1 a Ia: ilitcher, an admitted �onaniet, advised that .

during the period he rooaed with Horton Sobell in Iaohingtoa,

D. 0., he vae_induced by Sobell to join the Communist iartp.

He etated that thie occurred in I989 and that Babel! had

imforaed hi: that he, hineelfg nae a member of the GanmunietI

PG?&#39;§�e .

_ Luring this cane period Sobell was reported to have

been active in the American Peace Mobilization and the America

loath �bagreee, both of which organieatione have been cited b;

the Attorney Genera! ae oozing within the purview of Executive

Order 10450. It nae learned that dobell eigned a Ooamuniet

farty petition for Ieidore Began, Communist Party candidate,

August e; 1ose. &#39;

- It nae oecertaiaed that label! appeared on the aoti

indioee of the American lbace lobilieation and nae Iieted on

the indioee of the American loath Congreee ae a delegate to ,

that body from the Ibehington Goamittee,for Democratic Actim

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&#39; &#39;Q 1 reeidentict_on apartment building {tested at.

&#39;0 &#39;e&#39;|___&#39;Gl_P£t|&#39;lQFDH,| D. 0-; _r�PIU|&#39;t�¢.8obei1 ano �u: Elitohef were among the tenants qf the build

u ing who attended ;¢¢¢¢»g¢f¢» the apartment Qf one of the

tint�, during i940 and "1941. 8he was 5; the__epinion_ that~ &#39;$|_A -

theee pare Uonluniet meetings. &#39; ._ &#39;* -7" _ �

" l the Iew York O�fice located 0 Gonnnniat Party �

nominating petition which nae filed in the none of oneyonton Sahel], 646 St. Ann�: �uenue, Bronx, Hem York. The

signature of this petition was identified by the FBI

Leborutony&#39;oe Being in the handwriting of Morten Sobell.

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lllggg Q; uggzge §0B£gg [Q ggiggg - -

;w_ k A oheok at the Beevee Inetrunent Uonpany reflected that1 _.

Bobell jailed to report for norh after June ld, 1950- The oonpany-1 ._

. reoeieed a letter fron Sobell en or about July 8; 1950, wherein .

Sobell advieed that he needed a reet and nae going to take a fin

neeke off to recuperate.

-- A neighborhood inveetigation by the EDI developed that

Sobell, hie wife and their two children were laet eeen at their

" hone on June 22, 1950, and that they had Ieft hurriedly without

advieing anyone of their intended departure. "&#39;* . &#39;

Through Anerioan Jirdinee, La Guardio Field, it nae

deternined that Sobell, hie rife, Helen, hie stepdaughter; Sydney,

and hie eon, lurk, had departed for leeioo City on flight Io. 15?;

- leaving Lo Guardia Field at 9:45 pin-, Iaetern Standard Tine on

&#39; June 25; 1950. It nae further determined that round-trip ezoureion

tiohete for traneportation from Ien fort City to Hezioo and return

uere purchaeed on June 2l,,l9505 in the nane of Horton Sobelli

Iurther inveetigation of Sobell&#39;e flight to �hxioo

reflected that Sobell had oonnunioated through the naile with� .

- relativee through the utilisation of one Iillial Dhneiger qf lea

fork City UI�0 nail dropu _Daneiger nae interviewed and reluctantly .

- adnitted receiving lettere Jron Sobell with inetruotione to fore. V . ~ &#39; .

-- lard theee lettere to Sobe11&#39;e relatiueei rhie adnieeion nae

nade by Danziger after he nae odvieed that the I2I&#39;Laboratory ~

- 15¢ -

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were ueed in jbroarding-then to Sabell&#39;e relativee ae being in

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-&#39; -. - -_ In August, 1950, em» liezioan uutboritiee eon Bobell

into ouetedy_and departed bin ae an undesirable alien. on the

early earning 4! Aneuet 18, l950, FBI Jgente apprehended Babel!, �I . _ .

at the International lridge, Laredo, Tease. 4 - - c17 A A92 . n _�_ ,_

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On July 1?; 1950, the Criminal Divioion of the nepart-

uent authorized the filing of a complaint charging Julius Rosenbergiith espionage conspiracy. loeenberg&#39;uae arrested at hie hone;&#39;

l0 lonroe Street, Knickerbocker Village, lbw York City, on the

eane date and arraigned that evening before United states Uietriet

Judge Joho Uoaohep of the Southern pietriot of New fort. Rosenberg

uae repreeented by hie attorney, Ehanuel E3 Bloch. Uoeenberg nae

remanded to the custody of the United States lhrehal in default of

e1oo,ooo bail for further hearing. &#39; A � V �_ .

On August 85 1950, Irving Saypol, United Staten Attorney

Southern District cf�Iem York; authorized the filing of a eealed�

complaint against Morton Scbell, charging Sobell with espionage

conspiracy.

On August 9; 1950, Ethel Rosenberg appeared before u r

Federal Grand Jury in the Eouthern District of Hem York pursuant

to a subpoena. _ _&#39; . U

On August 11, 1950, Hr. Saypol authorized the filing of

a eoaplaint against Ethel Roeenberg, charging her nith espionage

conepiracy. lthel Roeenbergeaae taken into custody on the sane

date by Uureau Agente. Later, on the afternoon of August ll, 1954

ehe Ice arraigned before United states Uonaieeioner lo�onald of

the Southern District of lean fort and remanded to the custody of

the United States Marohal in default of #100,000 bail for further

hearing.

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On August 1?, 1950, a Federal Grand Jury in the southern

District of lea fork returned an indictment charging Julius

Rosenberg, Ethel Rosenberg and Anatoli Iakoulev Iith violation of

Seotion J4, title 60, United States Code. _fhie indictment alleged_ � . _ .

eleven overt aete. .&#39; -&#39; ;j -. _ , � - .

0n August 18, 1950, Horton Jobell mas taten_into ouetodu

by Bureau agente in Laredo, Ieeae, after his deportation by » i.__

leeioan authorities» at was arraigned on the same date before

United States Commissioner frank I. lill qf the Southern nistriat

of fesasi &#39;1: maived remoual to fem fort and Iae remanded to the. &#39; -A

custody of the United Btates Marshal in default of $100,000 bail.

Is was thereafter returned to Iew fort by the United states "

yarshal on August 28, 1950. a

0n August 23, 1950, Julius and Itnel Rosenberg were

arraigned before United States District Judge f..Ioyt nauie qf the

Jouthern District of Ion fort. they were represented by their

eouneel, Imanuel I» llooh, and a plea ef not guilty nae entered by

both. Bail in the amount sf #100,000 nae continued for eaoh of

the loesnberge. � __ , _ 0 aF 92

On August I4, l950,.Iorton Sobell nae arraigned bqfore

United states conmiesioner.Icpenald in the southern pietriot qf

[en fore and his nearing nae adjourned. Bail sf #100,000 mas

sentinued. 1 � " . "&#39;*�,f * A -0

On September l8, 1950, eebell again appeared before the

United States commissioner for a hearing which mas adjourned in

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. d�_J 1;,l_aa�_a . _ of %-_&#39;i -. ad; A ." _dllLd ll _ 0 W -. of_ . . ai _ @�_

order that the Government could coaplete preeenting ite caee to _

a federal Grand Jbry. H 0 h _

- A On Ootober 10, 1950, a eupereeding indiotaent nae re-

turned by o federal 0rand Jury in the Southern Ddetrict of lei

fork charging Horton Sobell, Ethel Boeenberg, Jhliue Boeenberg,

4p�Au&#39;JI_� L-� In MINI �II 1

tho Ebpionage Statute!-. _

&#39; TAJ _ Z; � &#39; "&#39; - "--&#39;-=" "I- �-�--- - -- -__: �&#39;7� ~ _&#39; ���__ _________:___&#39; � �� __ -1 &#39; &#39; -n &#39; &#39; t---� ��� V Y iii ,7__r_&#39; __ .. __ _ _ _ __ __ __,_

2 .*&#39; "_"� _ ��� i� i� �&#39; &#39; �"-�- " �- - �-&#39;�---- in-�� L - ------ _- V --l * _�_. . . .._ ___A__f" k,c<4;-D »c1e, -<_e g? �_m______cllll____�hle ._="__ - ,lH,H _�lJ W, 1 &#39; &#39; � i &#39; &#39; &#39; &#39; r-:

District of Dew fork handed down a second svperseding indictaent

charging Julius Rosenberg, Ethel Rosenberg, Anatoli Ihkovelev,n

-» Dbrten Uobell, and David Ureengloes with conspiracy to oonait

�P �espionage between June d,,l944, and June ld, 1950c Ihie indict- �" ~ - -92 n -- - , ._ .. �

-¢;i&#39;5¢; similar in all respects to the previous superseding&#39;

&#39; ihdictnent with the ezception me it changed the beginning cf

_ the conspiracy from Dovesber, 1944, to June, 1944,

- Ihie indictment was returned under Section 34, Title 50,

cf the United States Gods. The Grand Jury charged as�fo1lowse

_ - Q1. On or about June 6, 1944, up to and including &#39;-

June la, 1950, at the Southern District cf lea York, and else-

where, Julius Rosenberg, Ethel Rosenberg, Anatoli 1. Iakovlev,

also known as "John," David Greenglass and Horton Sobell, the

defendants herein, did, the United States of America then and there

being at war, conspire, combine, confederate and agree with each

other and with Harry Gold and Ruth Ureenglass, naned as oo- .

conspirators but not as defendants, and with&#39;divers other personsIn . _

presently to the Grand Jury unknown, to violate subsection a! of

Section 82, Title 50, United States Code, in that they did conspire,I

conbine, confederate and agree, with intent and reason to believe

that it would be used to the advantage of a foreign nation, to wit,: �n _ 92 � ~ _ .-�a: &#39;- ~ . &#39;

the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, to eonsunicate, deliver

&#39;~and transmit to a foreign government, to wit, the Union cf&#39;8oviet

Socialist Republics, and repreeentatives and agents thereof;

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directly and indirect1y- dccuusnts»

, ll�:-in lollU I11 T� "TY

I ��

and information relating to the Ibtional Defense ef the United T

".8tates ef Aaerioa. &#39; &#39; .? ee-. &#39; &#39; ."&#39;;;�1. 1

�L �it In pursuance ef said conspiracy and to effect thesbgects thereef, in the District of Golunbia, on or about June Q,1944, the defendent Julius Rosenberg visited a building at 24?

&#39; Delaware Avenue, Iaehingtcn, D» G.

&#39; W2. And further in pursuance ef said conspiracy and toeffect the objects thcreef, in the dcuthern District of How Fork,on or about �bveaber 15, 1944, the defendants Julius Rosenberg�and Ithel Rosenberg conferred aith Ruth Greenglasst -

4 -~ _ . ..,-- .=t., /ll I ,_ _ 1 _.

- = Q8. And further in pursuance ef said conspiracy and toe�fect the objects thereef, in the Southern District of Hen fork,on or about Ioueaber 20, 1944, the defendant Julius Rosenberg gaveRuth dreenglass a sun ef aoneyo ..

We. end further in pursuance ef said conspiracy and-toeffect the objects_thsreef, in the Southern District ef New fork,on or about November 20, 1944, Ruth Greenglaes boarded a trainfor Hem Hezicoo

*5. And further in pursuance qf said ccncpiracy and to -effect the objects thereef, in the Southern District ef New fork,on or about December 10, 1944, the defendant Julius Rosenberg ventto 266 Stanton Street, New fork City.

!3e ind jurihi�-in pursuance of iiii canepirucy and toeffect the objects thereof} in the Southern District ef�Hem fork,on or about December 10, 1944, the defendant Julius Rosenbergreceived fro: Ruth dreenglass a pper containing written infornation.

_____.I____�. _uj 41�

9

&#39;7. And further in pursuance ef said conspiracy and toeffect the objects thereof, in the Southern District ef ism fork,

92 on or about January 8, 1945, the defendants Julius Rosenberg and -Ithel Rosenberg conferred with the defendant David Greenglass andIn-ll fbInnnnInll_ I _ 1

I

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"9. And further in pursuance of said conspiracy and toq�fect the objects thereof, in the Southern District qf lee !ork,_on or about January 10, 1945, the defendant Julius Rosenbergintroduced the defendant David Greenglass to a nan on first Avenue,Is: fort City. - -- -7- �, _ �&#39; ,,-~-

�&#39; !lQ= and Jurther in pursuance of said conspiracy and toq�fect the objects thereof, in the Southern District of Rel fork,on or about January 12, 1945, the defendant Julius Rosenberg �4conferred with the defendant David Oreenglass. ~ .

g &#39;l1t And further in pursuance cf said conspiracy and tcq�fect the objects thereof, in the Southern District of New fork,on or about January 12, 1945, the defendant Julius Rosenbergreceived from the defendant David Grsenglass a paper containingsketches qf experiments conducted at the Dos Alanos Project.

712. And further in pursuance of said conspiracy and toq�fect the objects thereof; in the Southern District of Fen York,on or about January 14, 1945, the defendant David Greenglaes boardeda train for New Mexico." - - .

Section S4, litls S0, United States Code!.

On February 2, 1951, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg and

Horton Sobell entered pleas of not guilty bqfcre United States

District Judge Henry S. Goddard of the Southern District qf

__- _....-4___._.._.. . _ _ .. a __ -- _ ~h . ._ .._,_ ___.____ _ __ ,&#39; ___ __ ___ ____________ ___4|... T» _T� �-� " rm W Le c" ~15 _� ~;�.�� ---.�..�-;_;~�:o.��-.�.��;�. 1 ::---

QEF QQ§FF§f39f§Q3F§§WE§§lQ!lQ§_EQ333I349!eraléi

a no On larch 8, 1951, the trial of this case en the - 7

_ A__. _11A .n_;;_; _- A J 4� �4�n - - Qenpereeaing indictment or January au, 1901, oonneneea DIJBPI H

H U. 8- District Judge Irving R. Iaufhan in the southern Districti ll

of Nee fork. At the outset of the ocee United States Attorney

H3 Saypol noved to sever Anatoli 1. fakoulev from theIrving

trial, which notion was granted. The selection of a jury of

with two alternates was completed on March 7} 1951,twelve

Counsel fbr the defendants nade notions to dismiss the indictment

on various grounds which were denied by the Court, Iri Baypol

then node a notion to sever David Greenglass from the indictment

because Qreenglass had already pleaded guilty! fhie notion was

granted by the Court» _ H

Hr. Saypol opened the Government&#39;s case and addressed- 7 = V _

the jury. He infbrned the jury that it was their duty to

protect the rights of each individual and of all people by

proceeding diligently against those who operated against the

Government» Be pointed out that the Grand Jury had charged the

defendants eith conepiraoyvtc ooenit espionage on behalf&#39;cf a

foreign power, and that this charge was one of unusual significance,

- lb defined "conspiracy" and stated it required proqf qf only one

overt act of any one qf the conspirators. lb stated that the "

evidence in this case would cone fro: eone witnesses who

participated with the defendants and from some she eere picked

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by the defendants to be their associates and partners in crise-

to prove that the loyalty of the defundantsRe stated he intended

was not to the United States but to Connunisn in this country and

it this point Bloch objected to the mention. Hthroughout the world-

af Qonnunien, etating that Gonnunie; eae not the offenee oharged

in the indictment. Judge Kaufhan ruled that he mould consider

the introduction of setters relating to Connuniss during the trial

as a native for the unlawful aote charged at euoh tines as it

became necessary for hil to do so in the trial. Saypol thereafter

continued and stated that loyalty to Connunien arose from the &#39;

defendants� devotion to Russia. Es stated that they delivered

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and information concerning the atom bomb.

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!;§L!I-?_!I@IA4*&#39;¬11§BEM�§;J_&#39;§§0WH rnraiisgzqm or ngsmcc&#39; - � - _ ad - N soi &#39;1 don nu lg hie ad reee to the-jury, l?.&#39;§aycol &#39;

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pointed out that the vigilant I3I_broke through the ehroud of

dartneee and collected the evidence to bring the defbndante to92 * . &#39;

the bar of Justice. Je vent on to relate that after the arreete

of Klaus Fuchs, tarry Gold, and David Greengloee, the Soviet &#39;

agents put into ejyect a plan {tr others to flee the United

States. He stated that Soheii actually euoceede � ing the1 � . &#39; .

United Statee. A &#39; &#39; ~.

The dejrnee attorneys hade a notion for a mistrial,

claiming that the etatenente of&#39;Saypo1 were inflammatory and

introduced Communism which nae not relevant to this case. The

Court denied this notion. &#39;

e 1 Ehonuel Bloch is his statement to the Jury pointed cat

that Juliue Rosenberg had cseerted his innocence. at requeeted

the Jury to render a true verdict and not to he influenced by

hysteria or violence. lb elaieed that the trial arose in c _

rather tense, international atmosphere and requested the Jurors. _ s

to keep their ninde spen. 8e suggested that the jury ezaeine .

the truthfulness of the eitneeeee, in particular the testilony

&#39;ef the Qreenglaseee and Larry �eld. er pojnted out that the

Greenglassee were related to the Roeenberge and aehed the jury

not to be swayed by emotion, eylpathy, or paeeion. Alexander

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Bloch, attorney for Ethel Rosenberg, tn his opening statement,

requested the jurors not to condemn her merely because David_/

Greenglass was a confessed consptrator. Be stated she had" 7 "�- . . I� � � .__ &#39; 1, A . ._ " �I "92

___-�A-_§4J K-Q I_I92QJ!4Q;_4 QuaPIUIIIUUFU IIFI ilssawudnlvi JI ll

dragged into the case by the machinations qf the Greenglasses,

who wished to lighten their burdens. » . A_~ ,-e_. . _, _ I

. &#39; - . . _

~ _»; Harold Phillips, attorney for Sobell, in his address .

to the Jary, stated that saypol had made "the thing look blacker

than it ts." Phillips stated he was not trying to minimise the

a�fenss but just did not want to "iaxiaiee it." as stated that

the talk qf Coamunisl as a native tn this case was absurd becauset 3

Harry Gold, a lain Government witness, never was a Communist.

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a-1,2 1,+~t Sons qf the espionage activities qf the_;*-

-- Besenbsrgs with their ramifications Iere brought eat ,&#39; ___ &#39;-F: 3- - -�-- ,- - 1.--Q v -&#39;

at the trial qf the aton spies. The testimony of Greenglass "

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couer name was Bakerf Dr. Urey and Dr. Ioski. Crssnglass

stated he penfonned-work as an apprentice preparing lens nclde

which were intended for Dr. Ioski&#39;e_e:perinents, and that he,� . i . . __ _

usually worked from sketches supplied by scientists.

&#39; A Grsenglaes testified that his sister, Ethel, Ice

iarried in 1939, and that he knew Julius Rosenberg before the

marriage. He stated that Ethel and Julius used to speak to

him about the merits of the Russian Governnenti D -.

_&#39; ,Greenalaio at� � - � * � aaie to ai-. . I _

hin at Boa Alamo: on Houember 29, 1944. Ruth told David that

Julius Rosenberg had invited her to dinner at the Rosenber�

home, 10 Monroe Street, New York City. At this dinner Lthel

told Ruth that she nuet have noticed that Ethel had not been

engaging in Communist activities. Ethel also told Ruth that

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the information, and tha

information that was due_/

.anything to do with the

éag he agreed to furnieh. �

David specific questions

the general layoht of it92_ --&#39;.

t Russia was not getting all the &#39;

her. David at first refused to have

request of the_Rosenberge but on the next

any available data. Ruth-then asked

about the Hanhattan Project, such as

and the identity of the scientists

working there. David supplied her that infornation. He �

identified Dr. Oppenheimer; pr. lietiakowsky,&#39;and.Dr. Bohr . r

to Ruth. He also gave her an eetinate of the number of people

in the technical area at

&#39;r 4 V &#39;. 4

Los Alanos. f� &#39; 4&#39; at &#39; &#39;"

_ In January, 1945, David arrived in �ew York City

an furlough. About two dag: later Julius Raeenberg eane tp &#39;I .1 H .. I M K : � ,__

David&#39;s apartient ana asked P �or information

- &#39;1 &#39;

of value an the A-Bomb.�5}He requested David to write up the

information and stated he would pic! it up the following

morning. �e asked David Ihat he was doing at Loo Alanos, and

David etated he mas working on lens nolde. At the time

Rosenberg described to David what an atom bomb looted lite.

that evening Greenglase

prepared sketches of the

lerote ép the infernation he had and _

lens uold with a dseoription of new

it was used in srperinente. the next norning he gave this _ » . _ e�_5-5_8236-Serial as?! _ . _ -~material to Rosenberg. Ie also gave to Rosenberg a list af-

T92 _ 2-

the scientists at Loo Al

working there ého night

e I - . -

anus and the nanee of possible recruits

be sympathetic to Communion and possibl

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14

- I

furnish information to Russia. Rosenberg specifically

&#39;requeeted a list of possible rearuite. Gresnglass had prepared._E

oopiee of these eketohes at the trial which were introduced

into evidence over the objection of the defense. Greenglase -e , V � _ _

further itated that at the tine he turned thin jaterial over-_

to Rosenberg, Ruth Jreenglase remarked that David&#39;s handwriting

nae bad and would need interpretation. lnoeenberg answered

that it was nothing to worry about because Ethel, his wife,

would retype the information. A day or too later David and

his wife went to the Rosenberg apartment for dinner. Ihen I

they arrived there, they mere introduced to a friend of the

Rosenberaé who was already there. David had never met this

friend before but had known her husband for some years. In�92

the early port ef the evening all of then engaged in eociel

conversation. Thil friend then left. After she left, Julius _

told the Greenglasses that this pereon was a woman who he

thought would eons to eee David to reoeiue information on the

atom

Ruth

cone

this

they

bomb. They discussed o tentative plan to the effect that

Greenglasa would loo: to Albuquerque, and this woman would

to see her. They also discussed a Plan-about Ruth and. 1

person nesting in a movie house in Denver, Colorado, where

aould_e:ohange purses.� Ruth&#39;s puree pould have in it the

information from �aoid concerning Los Alanos. Rosenberg told

David that he had this friend cone to his hone that evening

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to meet the Groenalaesee in order that they would knew

one another. During this discussion the point was raised

-that eone one-elee light oone for the_naterial, and there i -. - . ..

woe a dieoueeion as to how on identification night be ¢;;;¢¢.¢_

_Ju1iuo, Ruth, and Ethe1_then pent into ;h.j»i¢¢h.~. Luuid.-. -. _ - -- _--_ 7...�.-.D.-..4. §.&#39;-...-&#39;_.:._--..1&#39;-._ 4.L _ . . _ ___ -

� IQ FUD-In �fl 1-IUUUF Jill� KOTHJFUI �G186�? UIIFII

aut of the kitchen. Ruth held in her hand a piece of the eide

"of a jello ho: which was out in a particular way. &#39;Julius held

the other piece in his hand. It was agreed that Ruth would uee

the jello box eide to identify the person who would cone to

_eee her. rhey then discarded the idea of having any meeting�

rith a contact in Denver. David made the ouggeetion that the �

ieeting be in front of a safeway Store in elhuquerque.

The date of the meeting wan left in abeyance depending upon

the time that Ruth would depart for Albuquerque. Julius

Rosenberg eaid that thie nae a good idea. David further

testified that both Julius and Ethel Rosenberg told Ruth not to

worry about money. During thie vieit Ruth mentioned to Ethel

that Ethel 1..i;a tired. Ethel eaid ehe Jae tired, "between

the child� and �typing up her notee� Juliue had brought her �in- . , . . .

thie work.&#39;i Ethel further etated ehe did not mind it so long as

Juliue iae doing shat he liked to do. &#39;1leo@ during this visit

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he could dieouae the lone David woe working on. A few nights_/

later an appointment Que made by Julius for David to neet a92 _ V , _ - .

Bueeien on !iret�Aoen2e beteeen 43nd and é3th Streets, JewV�-. ,_&#39;._ __�92 -._ .. _. _ __-, -. .1 ..92 I I 1. -v. -

York city. nouid drove up to the appointed neetinp plooe and, .. -t __ 92 . ! .3

parked_the oar near a saloon in a dark_8treet- Jaliue cane up_ 1 _

to the oar, looted in;

a nan who pot into �avi

and then_uent away. &#39;He cone back with. ~.

d&#39;e oar. Julius etayed on the etreet.

David then drove away with the unknown nan. The nan naked

David about high ezploe

the lens, the high Otpl

After driving around fo

no nf anptinrr and lg!...... ..., ...-..--.., ._-.. ...

by Rosenberg who was at

then leaving together-

iue loneee, a formula for the curve of

oeiveo used, and the neane of detonation.

r a while, David returned to the original

t the man out, fhie nan woe then joined

anding on the street, and David obeerued-� . ~ @_;, .

In the Spring of 1945, Ruth Greenglaao cane to

Albuquerque to live. She finally rented an apartment at 209 8or1

High Street, Albuquerqu

ueekende. On the first

identified by David an

if Douid&#39;e name Jae Gre

eoid &#39;J2liue eent 22;"

out the pieoeqef the je

offered by Gold. fhey

information. David eai

e. David would uieit thie apartment on

Sunday of Jane, 1945, o nan eubeeqaently_ _-1 1. . -1 ml �nn I nI��f� H016 0030 �IO �ll}? Elie F010 C8880

englaee, and David eaid "tee." Gold then

Qauid pent to hie nife&#39;e pallet and tool

110 ho: and eonpared it with the piece

natched._ Gold noted David if he had any

d he did but would have to write it up.

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Gold then left, etating he would be book. David immediatelyD Jy� - 1

etarted to work on a report and node sketches of the lene

mold e:periaente,&#39;Irote up deecriptive material regarding

then, and prepared a list of poesible recruits for espionage.

Later_that day Gold returned and navid gave him the reports.

Gold then gave David an envelope and left. David and Ruth

opened the envelope which contained $500. David turned the

money over to Ruth. The Court accepted eopi=e of the sketches_ . .v

prepared by Greenglaes at the time of the trial to describe

the infornation Greenglase had turned over to Gold. fheee �

ehetchee were admitted into evidence. �5-58236-Serial 822!

In September, 1845, David Jreenglaee returned to New

fork City Iith his wife, Ruth, on furlough.e The next morning

Julius Rosenberg came to the Jreenglase apartment and wanted

to know what David had for him. David informed Julius that

he had obtained a pretty good desanption of the atom bomb.

At thie point in hie testimony the Government prosecutor reverted

to 3osenberg&#39;e contact oith_David in January, 1945. Davidi

reiterated that in January, 1945, Rosenberg gave him a deecriptio

of an atom bonb uhian_David later learned had been eubsequently

dropped on diroehina. David stated that Julius gave him thie

information in order that David would know Ihat_inforeotion to

lea; for= At that tine Eoeenberg teld David that the atoa boat_w~

,-Pi

92 I>.

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consisted of fissionable material at each end of a tube, and that

this material was brought together under great pressure to cause

0 "nuclear e=P1osion;"- "&#39;*- <"~� {e*1 &#39;� - < h e &#39;

» -1 Greenglass continued to relate uhat transpired in

September, 1945. &#39;1t Julius� request, he drec up a sketch qf h1

the atom bomb, prepared descriptive aatsrial on it, and drea

up a list of scientists and possible recruits for Soviet

espionage. he thereafter delivered this material to the

Rosenberg apartment; He stated that at the time he turned

this material over to Rosenberg, Sthel and Ruth were present..

92 Greenglass at_the trial prepared a sketch of a cross

section of an atom bomb to indicate what he gave to Rosenberg,

and this was wade Government exhibit §6. At this point Emanuel

Bloch asked the Ueurt to impound the sketch of the bomb so that

no one but the Court, jury, defendants, and attorneys would be

able to see it. Bloch stated that he Ias eating this request in

the interest sf national eecuritp.- The Government prosecutor

rsnarhed to the Court that this was an unusual request to cons

from these defendants. Judge Kaufhan ordered the sketch impound:

pointing out that inasmuch so the defense requested it, the _

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wastang?"*;§_,;_._-. ..- 1~&#39;.~-"1,

; 92&#39; .-. ...- .- .- -is ta �,- -.. &#39; _ .

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to above. Be further stated that he told Rosenberg how the bomb

was set eff by a barometric pressure deuioe. Rosenberg told hi;92 92 ._ 92 &#39; _

the information nae berg_good and it should be typed+up_ .l H.

immediately. The inforlation was then prepared on a portable

typewriter in the Rosenberg apartment by Ethel. Ihile Ethel

was typing thd report, Julius mentioned to David that he Julius!

had stolen a proximity fuse while working at the Emerson gonzo"

Corporation and turned it over to the Russians. After the report

was typed, the handwritten notes were burned in a frying pan

by Julius and flushed down a drain. Julius gave David $200.

Julius discussed Iith David the idea of David&#39;s staying at Lee

Alanos after he was discharged from the army so that he could

continue to get information. David declined. Julius also

attempted to persuade David to go to college partly under the

8.1. Bill of Rights and partly on Russian funds. He urged

David to beanie a student in nuclear physics at the Massachusetts&#39; .

Institute of Technology or the University of Chicago in order to

naie oontaots in this school and obtain information for the

Russians. ~ &#39;

_ _ from 1946 to 1949, David was in business with Julius

Rosenberg. During this period Julius told David that he had

people going to school; that he had people in up-State �ew

fork and in Ohio yiving him information for the Russians.

Julius also nentioned one such place was the General Electric

Company in Schenectady, New fork. Rosenberg mentioned to

�reenglass on one occasion that he had seen one of his contacts

.2 *1..__-

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o�gthat�agao4-an -&#39;.. &#39;

$5�;

/

at Cleveland, 0hio., vh §_ &#39;__&#39; }w_ ;_H__ _� _&#39; . -&#39; .� - I . , 4 �_ ,¢

7- f"&#39; slate in 194?; Julius told David about a shy platform

project and aentioned he had received this information from -- _ &#39; V. . - F &#39; i 1

"one of the boysif Rosenberg described the eky platform as a j

large vessel which could be suspended at a point in epaos where

the gravity I08 loo, and that the_uessel would travel around _

the earth like a satellite. Rosenberg also advised David that f

he had a may of communicating with the Russians by putting -.92- .

material or sessages in the alcove of a tneateri Julius alsoV . . A

sentionsd he had received from one of his oontacts the

nathenatics relating to atomic energy for airplanes. cs-sa2as~a2o!

Greenglass testified that Rosenberg claimed to- - . 92 ..-

have received a citation, together pith o watch, from the Russian

Greenglass also testified that Rosenberg_olaiaed to have receive:

a console table from the Russians which he used for photography

PUFPOIIIQ

In February, 1950, a fem days after the news of the

arrest of Dr. Fuchs in England was published, Julius ease to

David&#39;s hose and asked David to �e /or a vale. During this male� . . _ ! I _

Rosenberg spoke of Fuchs and then mentioned that the Ian gho hoe

eons to oee David in Albuquerque was also a contact of Fuchs.

Julius Q£o:=e&#39;eno¢�voo:e&#39;w6a1e&#39;hev¢ to leave the country. David

aneuered that he needed money, and Rosenberg said he would get

the money from the Rueeianei Rosenberg then mentioned that

i»/if

5323

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-_ &#39; .:-Le... "1 --

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eegg�.4;-3 . _.. ,,, -.~w.&#39;.~�- &#39; &#39;

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1.» , -5;if ,1-92 ~ -A . v9_- l.- 92�- .�

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.-.92_; -{ks 3:.-___,_r_,L

� ~ I

Joel Barr, who woe a member of the espionage ring, had left

the country. In April, 1950, Boeenberg again~ told David heer!-

vould have to leave the country. About Hay 23, 1950, Rosenberg

cane te§the Greenglaes apartment with the_*Iew York Herald e»

Tribune" which had e picture of Harry Gold end the etory of A

Gold&#39;s arrest. Rosenberg said,"This ie the nan who saw youI .

in Albuquerque.� Julius gave David $1,000 and stated he would

cone have later with 16,000 more for David to uee in leaving the

country. Julius etated that David would have to get a lexicon

touriet card." Julius aleo mentioned that he went to eee a doctor

who told him that a doctor&#39;s letter etating David woe inoculated

for smallpox; would also be needed, he well ae paeeport phetoe.

Rosenberg then gave David a form letter and instructions to

memories for use in Hezico City. Upon �avid&#39;e arrival in Hezico

City, he was to send this letter to the Soviet Embassy in Mexico

Uity and sign it "I. Jackson.F Three days after he eent this

letter, David was to go to the Fla: De La Colon at 5 P.U. and

look at the Statue of Columbus there. David was to carry in hie

hand a guide to the city with hie middle finger between the page

of the guide. He was to wait until some wan cane up to him. &#39;

David would then statg �That is a magnificent statue" and advise

the wan that he David! nae from Oklahoma. The nan would then

answer, "Oh, there are luoh more beautiful statues in Paris.�

fhe wan would give David a passport and additional money. David

woe to go to Vera Crue and then go to Sweden or Switzerland» If

-32- ..

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d���t_. -, 7to David&#39;s arrest, Rosenberg asked David if he nae being followed

1 1 - &#39;. �Q

he went to Sweden, David was to eend the sale type of letter to

tthe Soviet ambassador or hie secretary and sign the_letter q;.l. _ -;*&#39;-. _ �._&#39;. "_&#39; r _ &#39;-. . , -- __ .__. - ,_ . . V, . -

Jackson."- Three daye later, David nee to go to the Statue of

Linnaeus in �toekhole at 5 P-I. A nan would approach David and

David would tention that the statue was beautiful. The nan would

aneweq �fhere_are&#39;pvoh more beautiful ones in Parie.&#39; The nan

would then give David the means of transportation to Czechoslovak

Upon arrival in Czechoslovakia, avid was to write to the Soviet

1- -QJun

Julius further advised David that he himself would

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92 Il

92 _- l

0n croee-examination, David testified he used the

$1,000 he received fro: Julius to pay household debte and the ._ . __ - � , _= .4 . . ,

$4,000 to pay hie lawyer, OJ John Rogge, ;¢r representing _hin;.. -- -" . - &#39; &#39; �5-58236-B46, 650!

j_I_I&#39;Hh§$BS goneosomxrzug c-*&.!>;;1»voL.4ses_e1&#39;p3r � - A- .

.A&#39; goth Greenglaee T <1 �_&#39;�._v &#39;_.~_ 0 _. ,. 92 - . .1 .

" " Ruth Greenglaee, wife of David Greenglaee, aleo

teetified at the trial and in addition to corroborating her VA I 92.

;hueband&#39;e teetinony, ehe gave the following information: :

0 e She etated that prior to her departure for �ew.Ue:ioo- 1

in November, 1944, ehe had a eonvereation with Juliue and

Ethel Rosenberg at the Rosenberg apartnent in New fore City.

Julius told her that he and Ethel had discontinued their open

affiliation with the Communist Party because he had always wanted

to do more than juet be a Communist Party Iember. Julius

informed her that after two years he had eucceeded in reaching

the Rueeiane and nae now doing the work he wanted to do. he

requested her to enlist Dauid�e help in furni�hing information

to him /or the Bueeiane about Loo Alamoe. Ruth declined at

first but was urged by Ethel to approach David. Julius then

gave her inetructione for David ae to the particular type of

information he nanted; 4 few days later Juliua gave Ruth» � . _

#150 to defray the ezpeneeo of her trip to �ew Mexico.

&#39; ~� -�� r�n her return to lew York in December, 1944, after

uieiting David, ehe nae oieited at her apartuent by Julius, at

� .92 e1 .

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which time ehe inforned his of David&#39;e decision to cooperate.

She./orniehed to Jhliue orally the information giuen_to her by

David and aleo Irote it e.».&#39;;¢é Joliae._ She 3n;.+i.e him of�

David�:

_ . I 1

impending furlough. Prior to her departure for Albuquerp

-1.� In I&#39;492n---June-. A Q an Q 4 4� in 4-|_ Q nan--Jun;-en� a-1.-e-.qua O" IFUFUUII

ehe was

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In the latter part of 1944, Gold net Iuohe in the

vicinity of Borough Hall, Brooklyn and received a package�fron, � � - � t --92 . - at _I . .. W .. . . 92 4 �.

Q 5- Q �M311!� Jae- &#39;I �lbl IQ�: "-

- : . 92 - _ r __ __ _ . 92 I . , __ _ _

; 5 �in .0old&#39;e next meeting vith_!vche nae in the eiddle of

July, 1944, in the vicinity of 96th Street and Central Pare

Ieet, Jen fork City. It oonvereed with Ihohe for about an A

hour and a half. itoout a reek or two later, Gold turned over

to Iaiovlev a report he had written concerning thie convereation.

Gold told Iakovlev that lhahe had given further information

concerning the more of a_joint American and British project &#39;

to produce an atom bomb. Bubeequently, Gold had a regularly�- -92 .� I . o ,- . _ . . 5 -. � &#39;__ &#39;,,

echaduled eeriee of nesting; with Iaxovlco, she inetracted gold

| _v{92¬92�.�jK~L&#39;..

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Iuche lad lenticned that c lene nae being carted cn in connection-/-

uith the etc: bulb. qlie next neeting_uith Irene nae to be in�V _ _V �_ _ q. _-,._

nn_ IQAH- &#39;. - &#39;----&#39; .--1--- _.: _ n

__ 1 &#39; &#39; 7. &#39; . - __ &#39; _� &#39; 1. �

- flhrlg in Iebrucrg,hl945, Bold net Ictculev en&#39;

Ibentg-third Btreet between Iintn and Ienth Avenue in lee i

fork City. At thie meeting, Ihkcclev indicated the intereet. nn &#39; &#39;- , _ &#39; 1 I

cf the Rueeicne in the plane Illiiilld by Fiche. &#39; "&#39; _w¢»n

, On the lcet Shturdcu in leg cf 2945, Bold net Ihkcnlev

ineide fclkfe Beetacrcnt en fhird Avenue, lea Tort City, tc_ 92 _ O -

diecnee 0c1d&#39;e next meeting with Ihcne in Shnta lb. Yntovleu

inetructed Gold to take en an cdditicna1_lieeicn in llbuquerque,

K -*~+- ..

.._&#39;.,...-.-.-tFe:;-�..-- � :{92t&#39;:::92 -.1 &#39; �------". * 5-?�j� -

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.. , --M &#39; .&#39; . -".�-&#39; .. .&#39; ." - ~-&#39; - . . . � e .

oW¢~ ;-� Gold arrived in �anta Pi on.dbturday,�Jhne £5 load, -

and vet Iaohe. who ,.o. Gold a 5o¢:.g. of oapere. Gold left8anta Fe on the afternoon of Jane End by hue and arrived in

Albuquerque that evening. "lb vent te the l�gh street addreee

andgfovnd eut_that_6reeng1aee and hie wife vere not in. Gold

etayed at a rooning hovee overnight. fhe neat day, ¢_8undoy,

he rent to the Iigh Street eddreee and knocked en the door. ,

David �reenglaee opened the door. Gold eaid, Qlr. Greeng1aee,&#39;

David anenered, �lee.� Gold then eaid, �l cone from Jvlive&#39;. V . id .. -

and ehowed Oreenglaee the piece of cardboard which lakovleo

had given him. Greenglaee requeeted Gold to cone into hie

apartnent.l Oreenglaee then took a piece of cardboard from a

oonanie handbag and compared it with the piece Gold had given

hie. the piecee eatohed. Gold introduced hiaeelf to lr.&#39;and

Ire. Greenglaee an �Dave from Pittebargh,&#39; Greenglaee told

Gold that the vieit_Iae a eurpriee and that it would take

eeoeral houre to prepare the A-bomb aaterial for Iold. David

then etarted to tell Gold ehevt peeeiole reoraite at Loo dlaaoe

but Gold out hie ehert and pointed eat to David that it vae

lerg haeardove and that David ehoald he oirouaepeot in hie�

behavior. Ruth Greenglaee mentioned to Gold that ehe had

epoien to Jaliue juet before leaving iev Tori to done to

Albuquerque. Gold left and then returned later that afternoon.

----4-u»~_..&#39;L.._5.:. ..;_,-Y -1-, _

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containing the I500. David mentioned to Gold that he expected

to get a furlough eometime around Chrietmae. It gave Gold the. - * - &#39; .&#39; &#39; _;-92 �-

phone number&#39;qf Jhliue in New York City in the eoent Gold, x- _ - - ; I &#39; � � n 1 ,x . 4 _, . ..,_

wanted to reaoh loeenberg. Gold told David that very likely _

he might return to Albuquerque in the early ruzz of lids u�do V &#39; &#39; I

and might eee_David at that time. Gold left the apartment ~ .

aocompanied by J�vid and Ruth, mho malted with Gold to a point. .

in {rent of e eeell euilding ehere he left theee eeld returned

to Iev Iorh City by train on June 6, 1945. Ihile on route to_ .

lea fort City by train, he eaamined the material David had

given him. le put David&#39;e material into a manila envelope i

and put the material he had received_from Iuche into another

manila envelope. On the envelope containing Fuchs� material,

Gold mrote "Doctor." On the envelope containing 0reenglaee&#39; &#39;

material Gold wrote "other." Gold obeerved that Davidie

material ooneieted of three or Jwur hand-written pagee plue

a couple of eketahee mith lettere referred to in the test of _

the hand-written pagee. Ihe ehetoh appeared to be of eome

device. On the evening q[_June 6; 1945! Gold met Iahovlev1

along Metropolitan Avenue in Brooklyn and turned over to

Iahevlev both enoelopee. - g _ l ;_ e A e_ _ &#39;

._"=, ebout two meete&#39;later Cold met Iahovlev en lain

Street, Iluehing, lee fart. Iahovlev told Gold that the

injwrmation he had received Jtom Gold on June 8 had been eent

immediately to the Boviet Union and that the information he

- 39 -

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1,......e..?,, 1�.7 -. ¥�-n 1:.� M». .. -

- ---92--_--4. .,._.

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q%�¬@$� ,¢,¢

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35*"-w .

j&#39;e-§~-3" ..�.�=&#39; .1. 4 _ _ _-@:_�" .92--,_-- -.. -&#39;?:&#39;r,=

�,,..;_ .-I-&#39;- -&#39;. -xg_.,.._ Q. . _._-~.�.4..�--&#39; " - i.r*1, ... � .&#39;--4 .,,;_- ~., &#39;

1-1 _; anu-1,.-.,, ...,_~..-. .,..-,.13! ~ -~ 1,.

�* -. ;-2.�.-1:":

el-

had received /ron Greenglaee nae &#39;e:treneIy excellent and

&#39;ealnable.&#39; At sec; �eeting, Iald related the detaile ey hieg. -_ "4" _ . I - .

eoneereation nith Fiche end Breenglaeet Ihche_hod etated that&#39; | -�_ &#39; 92 ,_ &#39; .92 . _

trenendene pregreee had been nate en the eton bcnb and that

the firet ezpleeien had been eet fer Jn1p,_l945. &#39;A�_ 1 i_

&#39;t~=-. _ In early Jnlg, 1945; Gold net Iehevleo in_a eea food

reetenrant et the lroadeng Station efgthe.letorta Ileeated Line.

Tatevleo eaid it nae neceeearg to note arrangenente for another

Soviet agent to get in tench eith Gold. At !hhoo1eo&#39;e

inetructione, Gold tooh e eheet qf paper from hie pocket nhich

had the heading,!lrthur I. fhonee ¢enpang qf Philadelphia.� one

tare q�f the top portion containing the nane. On the reveree

eide qf the eheet Gold Irate in diagonal fbehion,&#39;Directione

to Peal Street.� Iahovlee then tore the paper in an irregular

jhehien hetneen the lettere VP� and 9a� ef the word Paul.

Intealev tept ene portion and Gold kept the ether. Iateolee

eaid that if Gold received tno tichete in the nail nithont n

letter, it nenld neen that en e eefinite nnnher ef dage after

the date en the ticket Gold nee to go te the lreadnag etep efu� &#39; . &#39;- » &#39;- &#39; - -_ &#39;. .

the JetoriahLine.fer.e neeting nhich could tahe place in ah&#39;

reetanrent-oer. .de1d&#39;e leniet eentect nonld he etanding at the

bar and nppreaoh Gold and neh_te he directeq te92fnn1 Street.

fheg Ionld then notch the tern piecee of paper.

In Anguet, 1945, Gold again net Ihtoolev eeneplace

in Brooklyn and nae told bg Yahouleu that he Gold! nae to

-�Ow

12

_ ___;r__.___-...___._.._._.

A .

1- _ _ __ _ __ l_ _... ._..._i__;____ ______ __ _.._ -. _.. -I-1 � &#39; 1

L.A__.._.-c_&#39; �pk 7--c�&#39;� � --*"7*7_ , - - � -- -

tote a trip in Septenber, 1945, to oee Facho. Gold onggeoted

to laiovleo that oinoe lo nae going to oee Thain, lo night ao

Iell go to Albuquerque to nee David Oroenglaoe aloe. Iakeolee

eneuered that it nae inadvieable becauee it night endanger Gold_� _ _ . _ . I -

to have farther contact nit! Oreenglaee. In Septenber, 194$,

Gold net fucho in Santa lb, lea lezice. 0n lie return to

Inn fork Citg on Septenber 88; 1945, Qold neat to e prearranged

neeting p1ace.to eee latoolea, who failed to appear. About

ten dago later, Gold not latoolev at lain Street, flushing,. J ¬ �

and turned eoer to tin a package he had received fron Fache.

no told fakovleo that Ihche lad eaid there nae no longer the

open and�free cooperation between the Americana and the Britioo

and that nang departnento core cloned to Fucho. Fiche aloo

etated he would have to return to England. Pache related to

0o1d that he nae worried becauoe the Britioh bad gotten to

Iiol, Germany, ahead of the Rneeiano and night diecooer a

Geotapo doooier there on {yoke chick would raoeal Paolo� etrong

Connaniet tiee and background. Irene and Gold aloo diocueoed

the detaile of o plan nherabg Fiche could be contacted in Iigland.

_ In Iovenber, 19455 Bold had another Qeeting with ._.. -. . H . _-

latouleo at ehicb Gold mentioned that dreenglaeo wouldvi � . _ I -_ _ __ - : - -.I .,_,. _. ., -, __

probably be coning none around CIrietnao.for e furlough. Gold

enggeoted that plane eloeld be nade to get in toacl nit! Jhlino

in an e�fort to obtain nore information fro: Grcenglaee.

latovleo told Gold to nind lie can bnoineoo. &#39;

J»

- 41 -

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air

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. _. �."&#39;1-.&#39;::..:1"� -&#39;-"&#39;5"-�Q; &#39;

I

In Jhnunry, I946, Gold again net with lhkovlev who

told Gold about o sen Tbkovleo nod tried to contact ond found

set the non I�l ender&#39;centinuoee eeroeillenoed Ibteolee ~ &#39;

seed this story to point out to Gold that it nos better to give

up the oentoet than endanger their wort.» � i_ -__ >&#39;

In February, 1946, Gold cent to the lorl Theoter

in the Irene, lee fork, for e neeting with Ihtoolev, but

l LDQ L D� limI r Up;-vines I

received two tickets to c boxing notch in ea» Tort City throng!

the nails. The tickets were addressed to Gold&#39;s Philadelphia

lone incorrectly end too late for Gold te keep the Ippoinfldni:

It 5 p.n. ea December 86,Al946, d telephone coll was received

at Abe Brothuan Aseociatee, Gold&#39;s place qf employment. J

voice osted,for marry Gold. Ihen Gold identified himself; the

;-..e-and-4� -.

�it� .

�=� |-Non-H. �_ I

twat§E�a-uni-&#39; ..= Q &#39;"

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¥w#%;*-v¬%?QLL�%.éri��:1!-�Fl. � ,- . 1.»

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n. V:

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§M§£E�* _=_p._,~,

Eg�ad�L: _.&#39;_-&#39;.-&#39;1&#39;-<1-Z-� _. �,92&#39;$&#39;l""-~>.. ..- ~_¢s,_� "92- t -1 5&#39;,-

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ii-Iv.� &#39;~�. a.

-%§E§=

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- , =he naked if Qold had had

engthing�fnrther from Tachs. Iakovlea apologized for hie ten

nonths&#39;_ahsence and explained that he had to lie lee} le_;._ V

l�:#

3&£u&#39;_:�_-I� 1-1;,,;�_IE . ....,-.- -4: &#39;¢:�-�¢�~".&#39;,§"""&#39; -._~;,» _~,-.* ..

�.-»..___.:1- ..&#39;!�iii£.t-r

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__.�,_&#39;~ .31�.n.� &#39; -.;--. ¢ ~&#39; -

-&#39; &#39;r

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Ibe�reca11ed that Gold e proteetation to Iatooleu about contacting

Greenglaee in Albuquerque rent lnheeded. The Soviets have

undoubtedly found good reaoon to regret thin error in judgment.__ � . I M ._ � ,

f_ _ u . - &#39; &#39; _ &#39;

or-ago 1£sr;u0I;_PBE.g£gggg_A!;_;£Lrgg_§ � o~ - -e .

�" ijW,tQ;ogg§U§e:nhgr1; é 3- Q; _� o_ . I. - ~ ~. , �i-

Je noted hereinbqfore, David Greenglaee testified an to

the intention of Jilin: Ieeenherg to flee fro! the United Etatee

in the Spring of 1950. or aloe teetified concerning thet - &#39; - -

instructions {roe Roeenherg�for the flight of hiaeelf and hie

family; * - � &#39;f_ � &#39; &#39;

�r. ieriiarat to i the ioacnber-�i F .;

family phgeician. He etated that in lag, 1950, he had a telephone

convereation with Jhliue Roeenberg at uhich tine Juiiue asked

what injectione acre needed to go to Fezico. Br. Bernhardt told

him that he would need injections for typhoid and zemallpoe.

Rosenberg odvieed the Doctor he nae noting this inquiry for e

friend. The Doctor eeked_Roeenherg for eejficient notice no that

he could get the eernn and Jnline anewered he would notify the

Doctor if the ehete were neceeearg.�5-58236-Serial 864!

Qgn Bchngiggr �

v

i1

_£~&#39;?<�I&#39;v : 1.?.~"4&#39;

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- -._...-$1-�,~:;:>_"e=

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92

wanted of passport siee. Julius told the photographer that

he and his janily intended to go to France. �5-55g35-geria1 931!&#39; � &#39; " &#39; "1 &#39; .. &#39;- . I � &#39; &#39;*� , W _ ,&#39; &#39; , .- -. . .&#39; . _ ~ -» - I �.. U _ -_ - I - &#39; _- _ ._� &#39; < ..> , - _ - _. �_ , . , 1 _ _� ~ - , I - � l. -- 4

_ _ r r _ _ _ 1&#39; _- =� I :.. _ _ h -, .. e - . -. . .

"&#39;�� x lhvid and Ruth Greenglass testified that Julius�r h 92 . . . _

Rosenberg had a ooneole table which had been given to his1. .na_ Q___.|___ __J __1.I_l __. _ _ . ___ __ _.. _._ -l _oy the Jueeians ana IHICB was us _ �qraphu

norh._ &#39; f.~ }n- e [H &#39;4_; § V +;. e __

� Evelyn Cos, a Negro maid who Iorked part tiee,for the

Rosenberge, testified to seeing s�neu table in the living roanof the Rosenberg aparteent eoeetine in 1945. Bhe deecribed_

this table as a solid nahogany console table and as the lost �

beautiful piece of furniture in the Rosenberg apartment. She

asked Ethel Rosenberg where she had secured this table and Ethel

replied that it had been given to her husband by a friend as a -

gift: 5 ehert tine efter,!!ret eeeiag this table, Jre, Ce; ~

recalled she next observed it in a closet in the Reeenberg

apartment. 8he asked lthel Ihy the table was in the closet

and if she should place it back in the living roan; lthel

told her to leave the table in the closet since it nae too

;@;f

&#39;f;:�.A �H_ 5- ":;F.&#39; 1:.

_..~47

t &#39; _;Tm»�;=94 »~_{i___

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_ �_ -_ . -Dorethy Print: Abel! teetified_that ear1y in 104: 7. .- L -. -&#39; &#39; &#39; - - -&#39;--r ".&#39;,- -~ " .0 - � &#39;1 . - | � .

-. _ _ _ _ ._ _ . Q .. - ., . . -

Stanton Street, lea Tbrh 0ity.*"8he etated that ehe recalled

in January er February qf 1945, Jaliue leeenberg cane to the .

apartment and aehed her ta take a heoh_and leave the raoa.V, -- &#39;. . -. � V "&#39; ._&#39;.- 1 - " r .

laeenberg etated he liehed to epeat to lath Greenglaea privately.� y . _ . I � , . .

7 Dr. Ioehi, a nuclear aheniet, teetified that from 1944- u

4_

1� -_L.. _____.I_4_.I __J.e _ _._4__ l___I. __._.l__4 __e I__II� �-GI -IIUUIBTIII IF _ UFIII DIIID PTHJIUF GU HUI ;

llaaeet lb etated that hie awn wart nae related to ieploeiea

reeearcha It etated it nae hie cuetan to make e ddeign qf a

I

_"&#39;**&#39;_"."&#39;"_"_**-~� ����-- V". _.___a_..T___..._ __,.%____ . H i. 11&#39;1

192

power and would reveal to any expert what was going on at Lee

=.L2ba...4.._P.¢��1 i

Q� _ Derry testified he

� to 1940. Re was aeeigned to

Oak Ridge, Tenneaeee, in the

that capacity he visited

occaeion to eee the atom

Alanoe and indicate te the eapert ite relation te the aton bonb.

. &#39; .�5-58236-Serial aez! e V

was a 0. 8. Army q�ficer_fron 1948

the Ianhattan Engineer District at

capacity af a liaison cjficer. In

Lon Alanoe from tine to tine. Hi had

bomb which nae being conetructed at Zoe

Alanoe. at nae shown a croes section eketch cf the aton bonb

which wae drama by David Greenglase and

at the trial. Alec, the court reporter

0reenglaee&#39;deecripticn of the aton bonb

qf Greenglaee. Derry testified that from the sketch and description

introduced ae an exhibit

read to Derry, David

ae given in the testimony

he could perceive what the actual conetruction cf the atom bomb

nae and that it was the type qf atcn bonb uhich nae dropped on

Iagaeaki, Japan, in 1945. nu aleo testified that to hie knowledge

.q....¢-n-_-.4_-...-&#39;

5&1�, &#39;4. _

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l ¥

Abel received a telephone oall from Greenglaee who requested

Abel to go and eee 0. John Rogge and aeh Rogge if he would

repreeent Greenglaee in this trouble. Later that morning

Abel vent to eee Bogge concerning thie."_8ogge_told Abel that

he had received a call from Greenglaee and that Greenglaee1 - _- ., .

ranted lbel to turn over the noneg to logge. Later that dag

1he1_took the package_froa hie hone and returned to Rogge&#39;e .&#39;

q�fice and turned the package over to Herbert J. Fahricant, -

Ragga�! aeeociate. "A l �5-5a23s}s5a!_&#39; e i &#39;

urg, Helga Pggggg _o 4 .

Ire. Pagano, eecretarg employed by 0. John Bogge,

teetifiea that on Jane 26, 1950, Louie Abel brought to 8ogge&#39;e~

q�fice a package of money urapped in brown paper. She etated

the package contained $3,900. �5-58236-Serial 931!

gar gjitcggr e . _ _

Ilitcher teetified that he firet let Sobell while

both were attending Stugveeant High School in �ew fork City.

Eh further etated that he and Sahel! aleo attended the College

of the City of New fort together from 1934 to 1938. Elitoher

graduated from the �ollege of the City ef lea fort aith a

bachelor&#39;s degree in electrical engineering. Elitoher pointed

out that Juliue Rosenberg also etudied engineering at �itg

College during thie eaae period. Elitoher can 8obe11 daily -

at echool and eau Roeenberg 1eee�frequent1y. llfter graduating,

Ilitcher obtained employment with the Bureau of Ordnance,

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Navy Department, Iaehington, D. 0., in Iouenher, 1938. Be

continued this employment until October, 1948.

1 -_ &#39; 1 -1 92 - 92 " - _. &#39; .&#39; 1- - .

Place, Iashington, D. 0. During Decenher of that year Sohell .. a _"�_-.0 . _ - . _

cane to Iashington and etayed at a house neet to Ilitcher&#39;s 1

place qf_residence. *In April or Hay, 1989, llitcher and Sahel!

loved in together and tool up residence in a private hone, -

4985 Beuenth Street, Iorthmeet. In Hay qf 1940, they aoved

into an apartment at £825 I Street, Iorthweet. During the

period they lived together Bobell nae also employed at the

Bureau of Ordnance. &#39;In September, 1941, Sobell left his =

employment to go to the University of lichigan in order to

continue his studiee.

. Ilitoher_further advised that during the period he

lived with Sahel! they had conversations concerning theA 92 -&#39;

Communist Party. It Sobel1&#39;s request, Ilitcher joined the

Young �onaunist League. About three-or four months after

lay of 1989, Ilitcher attended a neeting Qith Sobell at which

there was a diecuseion about farting a branch of the Communist

Party. fhis branch nae /armed and 51itoher.joined the Conauniet» �- I : * _ -. . . . --. .r&#39; .. . - _ . -- &#39;

Party at the end qf 1939. Hastings qf this group were held at

the hoassqf various aenhers&#39;and_dues were paid to the Uhairnan&#39; - 92 . _ ._, 4 _ _ _

qf the group." Ilitchsr etated that 80be1l.Ias the�first chairnarO

qf the group. At neetinge discussions were conducted qf news

- 49 -

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events based on the �Daily Iorker&#39; and literature like "The

Communist-&#39; lhe group also discussed rziet and Leniniet

theory;&#39; Suggestions were lads to the members to join the. � _ I 92

American Phace lobilieatien and&#39;to assist the American Youth

dongreso conuention. Discussions were also held concerning

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in order to aid the Soviet Union. Rosenberg asked Elitcher the

type of work Ilitcher was doing. Iiitcher answered that he was

porting en cosputers and_firs-control systems concerned with &#39;

equipment to_oontrol the fdring .;�.:..¢1.. 3%.. guns._ Rosenberg. v&#39;_

asked £litohsr_to supply his with plans, reports, or books re-

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think would be of value

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be given to the Soviet Union. Elitoher also told Sobell that

Rosenberg had said Sobell was helping in this. Sobell became

angry and said that Rosenberg should not have mentioned his name.92 . 4 . -

= nigh t_In&#39;the Summer af�19d5§ Ilitaher and his e112 were in

lee Ibrk an vacation and stayed at the apartment oJ&#39;Julias - &#39;

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ojyicial Business and stayed at the hone of�Sobell in Schenectady.

At the tine Sobell nae working at General Electric. On thie

occaeion Sobell and Ilitcher discussed their uorh. .IlitcherI . 92 T 92I _ I .

told sobell that he nae o project_engineer on a f1re�oontrol �4&#39;

eysten and scbell inquired as to whether there were any reports

iritten about this syetei."iiitcher told Sobell that there_mere

cone panphlete written an varioue phases of this system. Sobell

also asked if there I08 an ordnance pamphlet written on this

oysten. liitcher advised Sobell that one ode being written -

by General Electric which would

year. Ilitoher stated he could

that they mere unimportant. At

Elitcher pointed out that these

be ready about the first of the

probably get theee reports but�

this point in hie teetinony

reports were actually classified

reporte. Ilitoher continued his testimony, stating that Sobell

aduieed that he eee eereing en serve eeehanieee relating to �

military work. Later that year

Bobell asked about the ordnance

Elitcher again saw Scbell, and

panphlet. Slitcher advised

Sobell that it was not ready yet. Bobell ouggeoted that Elitoher

eee Roeenberg again. At the end of 1946 or in 194?; Ilitcher

telephoned Rosenberg and said he Iould like to see him. Ilitcher

told Bceenberg that �obell had suggested that he see Rosenberg.

At this tine Rosenberg advised Ilitcher that there had been some1-

changee in the espionage sort; that he fhlt there was a leak, and

that Elitoher should not cone to see hie until further notice.

Q53;

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Roeenberg nentioned to Ilitchor that he believed Elitcher |n¢a1¢

discontinue hie Coanuniet activitiee.

Iiitoher teottfied that in 194?; Babel! had/.o

eaplognent at the Reeoee Jnetrunent Conpang, New fork

.I A _Q___.lQ4_.l _ __92_ A__ 4L�. ___.___I .l____�-.il�lng OJGIIIIIIG IIOPI [Or �III-I nrpcu IUTCIIQ g � �F

- 192l , .

eeveral tinee at Beeuee and an one ocoaeion had 1unOh4 , . �

lecured

City,

i�i So

with hin

at tho Sugar Joni, 89th Street and third Avenue, lam fork City,

in 1947. 8obe11 etated he nae sorting on a plotting board. .

Ilitoher told Sahel! he nae eti11 a project engineer at the

Bureau of Ordnance. Sahel! aeted Iiitcher on thie occaeion if

Ilitcher knew of any progreeeive etudente or graduatee and if

no, would he put 8obe11 in touch with then. *l!itcher told &#39;

Bobell he did not know of any. Ilitcher then mentioned to �

E_ . Elitoher further testified that prior to leaving the

<.92 �{xi

Ilitcher that because of security measures being taken by the

Government, it was necessary to,find students to provide

pinfornation when no one uould&#39;suspeot.� T;».H "fD�., f ., e J

Eureau of&#39;0rdnance, he had discussed with Sobell his desire to4� --. _&#39; V7. , I

eeoure new employment. This discussion occurred during a visit --

Iliteher made to lbw Ibrk City in the Banner qf 1948. Sobell

her not te leave the eureau ef Qreeenee until Eliteher

had talked to Rosenberg. Thereafter, Sobell nude an ap�ointuent

for Elitoher to nest with Iosenberg. They net on the street inn

low fork, and Rosenberg told liitoher that it was too bad �

Elitcher had decided to leave because he, Rosenberg, needed some

one to work at the Bureau of Ordnance for espionage purposes.

Eobell was present at this nesting and also urged Elitoher to stay

at the Bureau of Ordnanoe. Sobell then left the nesting. Rosenber

and Ilitoher had dinner together at Manny Iolj&#39;s Restaurant

in New fork City where they continued to talk about Ilitcher&#39;s

desire to leave his Job. Rosenberg wanted to know where

important defense work was heing done, and Elitcher nentioned

the Bell Laboratories at Ihippcny, Jew Jersey. Rosenberg

suggested that possibly Ilitcher could take courses at college "

to ieproue_nts status. �5-58236-Serial 615; .

3 llitoher also testified that in July, 1948, he took a

trip to �ew rurx City by oar, and that during this trip he believld

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he was being followed. He proceeded to 8cbell&#39;s hone and toldn

Sobell of his suspicion. Sobell became angry and told Elitcher

he should not have cone to his hone if he felt he has being "

Jwllcwed. Bobell told Ilitcher to leave the house and stay

somewhere else and then later agreed to allow Ilitcher to stay

with hie. 4 little later that evening Sobell mentioned to

Elitoher that he had some information for Rosenberg which

was too valuable to destroy, and he wanted to get it to

Rosenberg that night. He requested Elitcher to accompany hin.

flitcher observed Sobell taie a S5 nm.fiin can with hi! and

place it in the g1ove_ccnpartnent of 8obe11&#39;s car. Sobell and

Ilitcher then left and drove to the vicinity qf the Journal

American Building in New York City and parked on Catherine

Street. Bobell then took the eon out af the glove compartment

and left. Ihen Sobell returned, Ilitcher asked hie what

Rosenberg thought of I1itcher&#39;s suspicions that he was being

followed. Scbell answered that Rosenberg thought it was nothing

to worry about. Sobell also advised tlitcher that Rosenberg

eaid he, heeeaberg, had eaae phoned Elieabeth heatley hat that ehe

did not knee hin. Rosenberg!. Q&#39;~&#39; h � - ] ~t i

h_ Ilitcher testified that Sobell poesessed_a Leica ,o

camera, soee 85 na.filn, and an enlarger; and that all of the

material Sobell worked on in his various places of employment

was classified. He stated he last saw Sobell in June, 1950.

- 56 -

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On erooe-examination Elitcher recalled that during

Roeenberg�e visit to his houee in June, 1944, which was/.1

after D-Day, Rosenberg nentioned that he had had a drink with-. - . . &#39;� - �- -__ _ .~&#39;. _-&#39; . .- 1 t : = . _ &#39;: � - I . -

_ I - > - � �_ . .-a Russian-in celebration of thie-euent- -Elitoher testified ~

that Eoeenberg contacted hi: at least-nine timeenfron 1944 to

1948 in an atteapt to persuade Elitcher to obtain information&#39; . . 92

{hr hin, and that Ilitoher always put hin q�fe However, in

l9dB, Ilitoher told Rosenberg that he dejdnitely would not

aooperate with hilt es-sszss-616, asv, ass!

Elisabeth gerrill gentle; -�_ &#39; I

_ Elisabeth Bentley testified ae follows: She joined 7

the Harlan section qf the Communist Party in 1935 and remained

with that section until 1938- In July, 1938, ehe eecured a job

in the Italian Library of Infornation.--During that year

inetraated ta 9; nndergreand and nae told to pretend not

other Oonnuniete. Ihile enployed_at the Italian Library

ehe was

to knee

Qf

Information, she cans to tno Ieraooio~Iarini, a Oonauniet Party

q�fioial who handled Italian Consuniet activity in the United-5&#39; - .

States. She knew lbrini under the naee ef I. Brown. In October,

1938, ehe net Jacob Goloe through Inrini. Goloe nae in the- i� ,- � .; - 1 , ,_ � ..

Communist underground end operated Iorld_reuriet, Ino.,_a travel6 � .

agency set up in 192? by the Communist Party._ Boloe had been,

until the tine qf his death in Iovenber, 1948, a nenber of the

three-nan oontrol eoemieeion of the Oonnuniet Party in the United

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States. According to éentley, the Communiet Party of the United. � &#39; | ~ � . &#39; . _&#39; - I .

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&#39;statee nae part of the 0onnuniet&#39;lnternational;f After Oolos died,

Bentley had other oontacte, the last one being Anatole-Gronou,,

Itret Secretary of the Soviet inhaeau in the United States. The -. ; _ my &#39; .

last contact with Gronov nae in Deoenber,&#39;l945. She stated that &#39;

the information_uhioh Golan had obtained was paoeed on to the

Soviet Embassy. After doloa died, Bentleyis duties consisted of &#39;

collecting infbrnation fro: Oonmuniete enployed in the U. 3.

Government and paaeing it on through Gonnuniet euperiore to Moscow., &#39; _ a

She etated that Iorl_Brovder, as well as her own observations,

gave her the knowledge that the Communist Party in the United

States eerued the interest: of&#39;Hoecow. She revealed that ehe

trdnenitted orders to Earl Browder from Moscow, which he had to

acoept. She pointed out the close relationship between the

Gonnuniet Party in this country and the Communist International

and etated that at Goneuniet Party neetinge thie close relation~

ship was preached, and any aenber who did not adhere to the Party

line ae dictated by the Connuniet International in.Hoecow nae

e:pellsd.. She revealed that all of her oontaote in her pork were

.ebtained from the Communist Party. &#39;,,i "

. In em Sumner of nee, Bentley reported to the rs: all

her aotiuitiee. She was eeted if ehe would continue her activitiel

under FBI guidance which she did until the Spring of 194?.

- 53 -

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Bentley etated that during her aeeooiation with Goloe,

-ehe beoale auare of the {net that Goloe knew an engineer named. . _ n, _-. Q� _ i 92 _&#39;

�raliue.", It the Ihll of 1942; the aeoonpanied Goloe to Inicter- �

boater Village but remained in hie automobile. She nan Ooloe

conferring with �fuliue" on the etreet but at some dietanoe. &#39;

from oonvereatione with Goloe, the learned that Julius lived in

lhickerbocter Pillage.� She also etated that ehe had phone

oonvereatione with &#39;Uuliue�,fron the tall of 1942 to Iooenber, 1943-i

On the objection ef�dejenee oouneel ehe nae not allowed to deearibe

1Juliue&#39; or teetifr that Goloe had obtained ihfornation fro! I

"Juliue."&#39; �.5-sazas-aa2!&#39; , t &#39; . e -� " ,_ i

Bentley, in interviews with FBI Agents, had described

Julius ae being 5&#39; 10" or ll" tall, elin, and wearing glasses.

She had also advieed that Juliue nae the leader of a Oonnuniet

eell of&#39;engioeer: which nae turned over to Goloe fer Soviet

eepionage purpoeee. Juliue nae to be the oontact between aoloe

and the group. Gbloe believed this oell of engineere nae capable

of development.

Zhoeetigation by the IBI dieoloeed that from 1948 on. g r

Jiliue Roeeuberg resided at 10 lbnroe Street in a development -

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_I gnnzegrr; u U-I-GIUIIIFI OJ Ive;-I-an 6___ ., - _. V. k ._ H A _ _

Rosenberg at the College of the City oj&#39;lem fort, testified that

about June 20; l950,_he telephoned Bobell and acted if he could

borrow an electrical drill from Sobell. Sobell told Danziger he

was leaving for a vacation in lixioo and that tf.Danetger wanted

the drill he would have to cone to hie hone and pick it up.. � . _ .

Dangiger vent to Sobell&#39;s hone and eaw Horton and Helen Scbell and. - -92" ,

Idith Leoitcv, eteter of Helen. ofacking was in progroee and -

valieee were etandiag about» The Sobell car nae in the driveway

.--.*,*>i-:-- ~. .t_,___-.-_.I .-=.._3"7�:&#39;=-. &#39;

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4- "-1.7; I&#39;51..-§%5;_£;~&#39;. &#39;

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etated he delivered the note containing Sobel1&#39;e pseudonym and

address to Pasternak. Daneiger answered Sobell&#39;e letter by92 J� _� .. r _, , I . _ > �

priting to WI. Bowel!� at the leeieo city address. or also V92

testified that he placed the letter addreseed to Idith Levitov. i s

in an envelope and nailed it to her.�_?vo weeks later Daneiger -

received another piece of_Iai1 J?on 8obel1 postmarked in Iezico

city. The return address on the envelope had the naee of&#39;!U. or

Marty Levitov" with a Iexico 0ity_addrese which Daneiger believed

to be Cordova or Cordoba. The envelope contained a letter for

Donziger, an encloeure Jbr Edith Levitov and a note requesting

naneiger to forward the enclosure to Edith Levitov. Daneiger

nailed the enclosure to Edith Levitov. H8 stated that no did

not hear_fron Sobell thereafter. �5-58236~seria1 864!

o .!E!£££_§£_l2£_Bl££. &#39; .

i Rios, residing at 158 cordova, Apartment 5, Mexico

�p- 4 s.a-4 I .sI. e J_ up-.b_ in->J92 h_ __.l. 4.: ___ J-I-"lty, teltified that in July, luau, ne let eivoe

family who had loved into the adjoining apartnent. Sobell aehed

lies Jbr advice as to how he could leave lexioo. He told Rios

he was dodging nilitarg eervice in the United States Jrny. On

one occasion Bobell asked Rios for directions to go to the Port

qf Tera crue. Bobell thereafter left Ihrico City around July 80

or July 88, l950, and nae gone for 15 days. Rios received a

letter about 8 days after 8obel1&#39;e departure poetlarked Vera

Cruz. He opened the envelope and observed that the letter was

- 61 -

i>-.92nni&#39; Inf-I2;&#39;i*.;i..&#39;:.. -

:_ �-ell! "&#39;;»

..,_. .--l!&#39;."&#39;*�_" ; _-� fa? ~ -&#39; 1/F J�. �"a:jr"&#39;_&#39;. ". -

- - -

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-

jbr Hrs! Sobelle Es delivered the letter taalrsi scbelli gbout

6 or 7 days later, Rice received c second letter from Sobell

postmarked faqpioo, lezioo, which Bios also delivered to Hrs. Sahel_� e _ __ , &#39; 1 . 92

lies did not see Bobell after his return to lesion City." " &#39; -4 . ~ u-»&#39; _- - n-- = �5-58236�Seria1 ave!

1 . 92 V,- &#39; � �i _V _ . .

&#39; K.i~¢Pv<=e�"s11e 21212212 f_ -- » " u. _ . 92 92

l - This witness, an employee of Optioa Palacios, an. &#39;3 . &#39; _

optical concern in Vera Bras, identified Sobell ca an individual

who used the none H; Sand in purchasing eye glasses from her._ ,. ,,e ,1 A _ �5-58236-Serial ans!

loge procado fendrgll» _- - "_ V

this witness, on enployee at Gran Hotel Dilipenoias,&#39;

Vera Cruz, identified a registration card of the hotel dated

July 30, l950, containing the name Norris Sand. 8obel1&#39;s

attorney conceded that the signature on this card was in the

-.-Q.. - &#39;."&#39;»-1;�,a.-.;.I&#39;.-

- � ___ .92&#39;92-&#39;1

,.den

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xv. Dennis, travel superintendent of the GUA lexicon

Airlines, produced a passenger nanifeet reflecting the name Q./�

Shad on a plane flight from Yera Cruz to Tanpioo on July 30,

@950, and another passenger aangfeet reflecting the none lbrton4

Jolt on another plane fiight from rnnpico to lbzico City on

iuguet 8, 1950* Sobell&#39;s attorney conceded that QL 5and, lhrvin_

Salt and Horton Bolt were in fact lbrton Eobell. �5-55335-Serial

eeszemsrn�urgazr�aoam v &#39; L .

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg teetgfied and denied all _

espionage allegations against then, Ihey admitted having a

console table, but denied it was a gift from the Rueeiane as

claimed by David Greenglaee and his rife, They stated that they

bought this table at Ihcy&#39;c Department Store in New York City in

1944 or 1946. On croee-examination, they were

to their Cbmnunilt affiliations. They refused

grounds of selfhinorininatione ij»-h. y

.fhonae 7..lelly of lbcy&#39;e Department

ce c defenee eitneee and teettfied that gang�;

asked queeticns as

to anemer on the

Store was called

ia1ea&#39;racorda fbr

the year 1944 and 1945 had been destroyed and that there was no

7&#39;°°&#39;d °�9�;�b1&#39; �f *�°�&#39;°°*�§f5£3553§$#!a!:°§as,929,930,931!glbrton Sobell did not takefthe-stand.

J , _ . -

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.<&#39;,. ». .-

_ &#39; On lurch I8, 1051, counsel for beth_sides sunned up

their ease to the fury. On this date Judge lhufhan charged the J

un�a-

8?

um

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_ On lurch 29, 1951, the jury rendered a verdict of guilty

against the three defendants, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg and

lbrton Sobelli /

-,§; »o §]_ After the rendition_qf_thefuerdiot; Judge Ihuflhn. . _

and er, Bbypel thanked the Jury fbr their patience and care in �, _ - - _�._,_ -

lifting in thie oeee. . ;*r~&#39;! __� { e&#39;, . ;oe ~-� II-n -IQQL -&#39;n-.- ;;IJ-|-_-4- -0-cult pm; &#39;1-Qn

_ &#39; � II�; IIJUQII �"0 GIUUFIIII lift �"115 Ullrul

, , - , - .

etated in port ea ,fo11o|oe: &#39;I�;oont to extend �nylappreeiation - &#39;

to the Court Jbr its courteeiee, and egoin I repeot_1&#39;uont to-&#39; .

eztend my appreoiotion_for the eourteeiee extended to IO by

er. Sbgpol and the nenbere of hie etq�f, �l I011 oe the nelbere

qr the I31; end I would like to eog to the jury that o Jewyer I2" .

doee n§¥*u1naue Iin o ocee; 011 that o Jaeyer eepeote ie c j§ry__

to decide a caee on the evidence with nature deliberationt.

I &#39;1 feel eatiefied by reaeon qf the leqth of time that

you took Jbr your deliberations! ae tax; ae the queetione noted.. .. - - 1

during the couree qr your deliberutione that you examined very- . &#39; u

earqfully the evidence and cane to 0 certain cono1ueion.&#39;�5-58236-955-Env.!

On April 5, 1951, Judge lhufion inpeeed the following

Ienteneeel " ~- �

iyjiug �geengegg - ieath, euch eentence to be�- ,92�__&#39;-._ &#39; = I. -- -" -

out during the peek of lhy1:. _ .- 92&#39;..;-_

�§jg;1_Qgggg�g;g - death, each eentenoe to be

~ 1 - -out during the peek of Hey

_____.I -3CGFTIIU

:1, 1951.

carried

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Z--iv!� _. &#39;1 :7.1

.....-tum-up

__&#39;-&#39; � -um�r-1-I -� .

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4,-I -- ,3 =

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Eg�oii

r

M=o;;n

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E�

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:&#39;a�{&#39;

E .n|_,-{--0

. &#39; In imposing the death eentence on the Rocenberga,

IIJhdge Kaufman made the following comments: Your crime is worse

than murder. Plain deliberate, contemplated inrder is dwanfed in

nagnitude by comparison with the crime you have committed - - - -

Q - but in your cane, I belieue_yonr_conduot in putting in the&#39;- |"1 -&#39; : �92� ,

hands of the Rueeiane the 1-bomb yearn oefore our beet ecientietepredicted Rneeie wo�ld perfect the bonb has already caused the

�onuuniot aggreeeion in Ibrea with the reeultant caeualtiee

exceeding eo,ooo - and who knoue but that aillione more of innocent

people any pay the price of your treason. -

&#39;� ,- On April 6! 1951; Jhdge Iaafian inpeeed a eentence of

15 genre on Lauid Greenglaee=

Iaufhan etated that he

Greenglaee, no etated

Greenglaee in bringing

nqfarioue echene.&#39; no

In eentencing Greenglaoa, Judge

did not condone or nininize the acts of �

he must recognize the help given by &#39;

to jneticg,"the arch criminals in thie

pointed out that it toot "oourage�,fer

Oreenplaee to teetify ae he did and that Greenglaee had helped

to �etrike a death blew to the trq�ficting cf our military

eecrete by foreign agente.&#39; Ii eleo etated to 0reenglaee,&#39;Iou,

at leaet, have not added to your eine by committing the additional

urine of perjury.�

TFEFeII7F¬II9éZZ9!3 ¬Q!RE£TIFG !4R!9Q§,PEF30£¥flTH lQL¬U5_£Q55FFE3§,�F§ His 553I°"4?&;AFTI7il{§5gate; Peg] e- j�?

David Greenglaee aduieed that in September er

October of 1946, Rosenberg told him that he Rosenberg! had

- 65 -

,

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-�_,_ P � -_e_.~. ..&#39;3&#39; :_"�e --¢¢=__&#39;#&#39;92&#39;-� -**{<E¬.+ ..*;ter-

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. 5 ._. .-2 �,3__-_~ £-&#39;4 �-J.

-. [Q55V &#39;-&#39;7.

;=.-Tl."Y E-&#39;:~�~= .K

...,r_-k.

. I

received from "one of the boys� the mathematics involved in

the oonetruotion of an atomic energy airplane motor.

_£avid 0reenplaee.aleo_advieed he leorned,fron . -

5&#39;. &#39;"_RoeenbergAthat.hoeenberg had tan anartnente which vere need .&#39;. � - . �� ._�_ _. V - � 1

for photooraphing material which was turned overlie the Sbviete,~ .1

0reenglaee&#39;aleo learned from Roeenberg that Jbel Barr worked

with Rosenberg in eoviet espionage oétivitieee An apartment- 92 _ � "&#39; p - &#39;- _ .

at 65 Mbrton Street, ea» fork City, was located uhieh had been

rented by Alfred Sarant and in which Earont, Joel Barr and i1� H _ .- _ .

Iillian Perl all lived at vorioue tiaee, fhe evperintendent

qf thie apartnentgobeerved photograghio-type equipment in_ =thie apartment; � v --- � � �-

the name

Perl was born Uctober 1, l�l�, in Few fork Eity, under

of Iilliaa lbtterperl. Re changed hie name to Perl by

court order in 1945. Hie_father nae a native of Rueeia and hie

nether, a native of Poland. . &#39;

New fort

with the

1939 and

1944, at

enployed

Perl hue a olaeenate at the College of the �ity of

of Roeenberg and lbrton Sobell. Perl began employment

National Advieory Committee for Aeronautics H101! in

nae aeeigned to Langley field, Virginia, from 1939 to

vhioh time he pee troneferred to Cleveland. Re remained, _ .

by J16! at Cleveland Lntil Beptenber, l8§Q, pith the

eeeeption of e_period between 1946 and 1948, when he etvdied o

at the California Inetitute qf Technology, Paeadeno, Ualgfornio,

and at Columbia University, New fork City. During hie employment

with I103, he had acceee to highly classified infornation.

- 55 -

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luring the Baeenberg inveetigatia�, rwrl can interviewed

by Bureau lgente on July 87, 1950, ten daye after Rosenberg nae

arrested. Perl admitted that en July 23, I950, he had been

contactea at hie apattaent in tleceland by a nonan, whoa he &#39;. -- -i . . r . _ .

lad arevtcaelg anon it algltrl friend of Joel em-. [one Irate- �.. . A

kin a note in which eke etated that eke had been lnltrlcted by_c

stranger to apeat to an aerenauttce engineer in Cleveland and

give hi: honey and lnetrccticne en ion to Ieace the country_fer

- ... _ - .. _.._-.. n�_ 11- -�-1 �_I..e-.-.UI-� JIT �&#39;§_l fir� ll--I-lIl.aI�

ieiici. iii irot

,folleeing her departure, he f1aehea_the aete dean the lavatory has

It to qf intereet to note that prior to the arrest

on Jane 16, I950, cf lucid Breenglaee, Greenplaee lad been *

given inetructione by Roeenbcrg to leave the country via lezfce;

Iorton Bobell actually lent to lezica in Jhne, 1950; Alfred

Sarant dteappeared from the U880 on August 4, 1950, and ie tnocn

to have creeeed the border into leeico en luguet Q, 1950. -

_ Pbrl lac called before a lbderal Grand Jhry on�_ -_..-4.-J. 4-I ;-_4�LI �-41 4.--._4�-1-.-. LI; 4.-._�_.I�-l.J__

�I F UIII �H-II�iIIIFlI&#39;lI~ UUHFITIIIBQ III IIIUCIUFIUI

nith lceenberg, Bobell and ethere. la c result he nae indicted

en lhrch 18, 1951, in the Soutlern Iietrtct of In Iert en fear

W

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�erjury trial of Perl commenced before United States District

Judge Sylvester Ryan in the Southern District of �ew fork and

a jury, .0n lhy 22, 1953, the jury returned 0 verdict of guilty

on two counts and not �uilty on two counts. On June 5, 1953,

Y t ~Perl was sentenced to;five years an each aount,to ruh&#39;concurrent1y,- ;� �W ~&#39; L ;-- - _ __ -1 _ /A-Ir. e.-nD&#39;ll&#39;!92

l» _ - - q¢,+--__ _?- ,_ _�o~_;..; {O0-Jv04a;_"&#39;"; � -~ -V .- . . s_ . .-i!£l_§QEZ&#39; &#39; ~ � " i &#39; &#39; &#39; &#39;" �i &#39;

»_ . &#39; l &#39;92 - _ .

" i ~ As noted hersiabefore, David Greenglaes advised that

after the arrest qf Harry Gold on lay 83, 1950, �osenbery

attempted to persuade Greenglass and his wife to flee on the

3,8. via Herico. icoordiay to Grseaylaaa, Roaante

that more iaportant persons than Greenglass had left the country .

and aentioned that Joel Barr left the Ui�q before Fuchs was

arrested and was working for the Russians in lhrops. Greenglasi

also advised that Rosenberg told his that Barr had gone to Europe

to study music and was using his music studies as a cover for

his espionage activities. * ~&#39; i -. - ~ A-

Josl larr was born January 1, 19l6, in Brooklyn,

lea fork, and was a classmate of Rosenberg and Sobell at the

Qollege of the City a!&#39;Iew fort, He graduated jron the College

of the City of New York in 1988, with a baohelrh degree in

electrical engineering. as was enploycd_fron July 1, 1940, to

February 88, 1942, as a junior electrical engineer, lbrt Monmouth,�

lea Jhrsey, in the Signal tbroe Laboratun-ies and was dismissed

rafter Investigation disO1osed_that he had signed a Connunista - , - -

pctitl�l. -in 1039. -Is sppiue for a ms. passport on December 1,

194?; giving as a reason for travelling abroad his desire to

broaden his background by study in Europe. Ie left the U.8.

_z+ 7, e _ ._._ __..- .-_. . .s ,._,, t &#39;- ,,,, ,, _ ___ _ k_ j A _ _ _ �_ _ _ _ _ __ HW , -> -- - _ V, __~__-_;------ -K 4 W ;___ . _ . .._ __ ___ ____J_ __ �______�W- . ___ �J _ _ __

. 92I�

on Januarg_;l, l9d8; for Paris, France. He is known te have_A__IJ___I j�_. _l__¢_.L __L_.IA.I� ___l_I.__ _.l_ A--l_,I___ __I._-._ 4...IFUOIIG J0?� IIIOFI PCTIOGI if �ill! G-�I �FIGIUIIOBJ I6-BIIOJI in

Sweden and Holland and ostensibly supported hineelf by playing

- the piano. Ii disappeared from hie residence in Peril on

June 18, 1950, the date dreenglaee was arrested, and hie LL

present location is not known. &#39;"

lb: Elitoher advised that Barr was an acquaintance.

Ilitoher stated that he nae present at social gatherings at.�

65 Horton Street, lee fork Oityg attended by ioeenberg, Barr,

Alfred Sarant, Iillian Perl and Hbrtan Sobell.

&#39; Alfred sarant aduieed in an interuien pith bureau

Agents in July, 1950, that he associated closely with Joel

Barr beginning in 1941. Sarant stated that Barr frequently

visited his at his apartnent at 65 Horton street; that Barr

had a key to the apartment and that in 1946 when Sarant moved

- to Ithaca, lee York, he let Barr take over this apartment.

&#39; Sarant stated Barr eubeeguentlg turned the apartment over to

etated that he believed Barr nae a

. I -..

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-h.

.3�-I-lei...-. _ -47-,�2&#39; .2..- -,- .

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I

Sarant vacated thie apartnent in the tall qf 1946, when he noaed

to Ithaca, lee Ierk, hat he thereafter allowed variaue cf hie jrien

to nee the apartnent including Jbel Barr and lillian Perl.

&#39; t ._ the euperintendent qf the prenieee at 65�lartan street-. , : � - &#39; .

edaieed that in I944, then he had eccaeion te enter thie apartnent

in cennectien with hie cnetedial datiee, he abeeraed that the

epartnent centained very little furniture. en eaid that there were

three iren eingle cote in the epartnent, ncrh henchee in the

living roan, a caneiderahle quantity qf electrical teele and a

eeaeral black teal bazee in the aleeet. the een

intendent adaieed that in the Iinter qf 1949-50,

the apartnent he ebeeraed e reflector-type,fIaod

_frcn a mall bracket aver the kitchen table which

roan and that there nae berg little furniture in

qf the eaper-

when he entered

halh eaepended

nae in the living

the apartnent.

_ It ehaald he noted that Sarant left lea fart City an

Auguet 4, 1950, aith a nanan. It ie hnonn that Barant and thin

nanan entered lerice ehcrtlg thereafter. lhe laet definite

tnfernatien concerning hie Ihereabonte nae an lngaet 18, 1950,

when he and thie Ianan were hnaan ta have left Guadalajara,

leeice, {tr leziea City. the preeeat nhereahaute qf theee

indiaiduale ie nnhnena.

&#39; - bring the leeeaherg inaeetigatien, Ba:-ant nae inter-

viened en eeaeral eccaeiane. It Jhlg, 1950, he ndnitted W

aequaintaneeehip Iith hath Jh1iue_end Ithel laeenherg, etating he

jiret net then eenetine between 1942 and 1945. Sarant alea

ndnitted nenberehip in the Cennuniet larty in 1948-1944, adnittl�

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being an acquaintanceof Iilliam Perl and admitted cloee associa-

tion, with Joel Burr eince 1941. Ie etatecl lie probably set. &#39; . , &#39;- ; - " .�

Rosenberg t?iromgl_ Mrr. - &#39;_ -r H �Z ._ . &#39;

- ~ o lorant etated he had a eeneiderable interest and_ _ � � . e

proficiency in photography and admitted lacing film development

equipment and flood lamp: in in epm-tunt"qt es Horton �strut.V __ �92 r. ... _ �

He aleo etated that Joel Barr had I Leieo camera hen Barr nae

residing with him in thil apartment. * A� i e _ V * �&#39; &#39; ~

Sclraat further admitted that em eme eceaeion Jislime

loeenberg ipropoeitioned him� to eound him eat poiitiealgy, out

Bar-ant claimed, "1� didn &#39;t oite."_ le refueed to furaieh any

uietaile concerning thie "&#39;propoeitiou."

_ Ear-ant qae born September 26, I918, in lea fork City,

andmae graduated in eleetrical engineering from Cooper Union~

in June, 1941- le mas diechorged from the poeition of junior

radio engineer pith the Bigaal Cerpe I-oberatoriee, fort Ionmouth,

lei Jersey, en September 3, 1942, and moe characterised by hie

euperiere ee m labor agitator. Ie mae thereafter employed oe en

engineer of the ieeteri iieetrie Eempany eee ieii feiepilone

Laborateriee in lem rm City, resigning from the latter� concern. - �

September 11, 1946, from October, 1946, to the date of lie die-

appeeranae, he reeided in Ittaea, III York, there le mae eel]-

employed ae a building and painting contractor.

- 91 ..

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_ &#39; --:- . -». ;_. -- 1.-n &#39;.-.- -~ ..�~, . 7-4.

-¢�;_ ,Yé1 the deeperate legal etruggle Iaged en oenalf of the. . __, c _, . &#39; . &#39;. -. . _&#39; _ - 1. . - , _- ._ =_

Beeenberge_hae equally latched inrinteneity by an extraordinarypropaganda drive to �Save the £oeenberge.&#39; Significantly, the

Connunieta&#39;freneied efyvrt to rescue the Boeenberge fro: �legal

aurder&#39; nae deferred for more than a year qfter their arreet

and for more than four months after they had been found guilty

in a trial vhich the Communists later branded ae a Weonetrcue2 &#39; - _-&#39;I &#39;

frcae-up,= a travesty of in K � Rcaenbery

completely unnotioed_in the usually vigilant Communist Party�

preesi Hot a word about the alleged Rosenberg {frame-up� &#39; "

appeared in the "Daily Forxer&#39; until larch 30, 1951, the day

after the jury retunned a verdict of guiltye Ebreover, thefarty&#39;e first public recognition qf the Rosenberg case gave no

hint whatever of the trenendoue propaganda etorn which the

Communists would later raiee over the Boeenbergo. luried lhe92

conepiououely on page 9 of the �Daily Icrker&#39; cf Hhrch 80, I951,

the Roeenberg conviction was reported in tne.foilowing routine

juenicnee-5 ~.-1c._-;H;v__:_ _.F . Wt . _ __ 1.

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&#39;!he lain Governaent aitneea nae David

ireenglaee, brother of Ire. Boeenberg.&#39;

Ib,further notice appeared in the W�aily Yorker"

poneerning the loeeaberg eaee antil April 8; li�l, Ihen it aae

announced under a feature headline ae fbllaae: �hoeenberga

8entenced to Jeath, lhde

article, noting that the

children, appeared to be

Soapegoatalfor Iorean Far.� fie Z

Qooenherge pare garente of Q eaall

aiaed chiefly at condeaning the H

aeoerity of eentence rather than the aerdiet itself. ,1he lord

�fraae-up,� later to becoae virtually agnengaoue with the .

Rosenberg trial in Conauniet propaganda, Iae not need once.

In the ...&#39;. ieeue of the "Daily Iorhe:-,&#39; a front-page editorial

charging that laerican Qbanic aongere&#39; were deliberately trying

Q Rn .�~$�4Qa92l4agn &#39;4� e��a5 unn-I - @ _ - ¢ --G� nan IIIIMUGJJIIGIU UJ Ina!� IUUE IIIJIF

to the Rosenberg caee without, however, directly questioning

the verdict.

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.1111 _"I¢l¢.�F.2"!ll_%J&#39;¢l§?! &#39;_�<§¢_L!.££I e " -

It nae not until aideaaaer of 1951 that the propa-

ganda caapaign an behalf of the Roeenherge began in earneet.

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Stalinist in its staff� writers, management and content.

_� f _ this series, Irittenby Iilliau 1- ieuben, Fictional&#39;- * 2 . .- . »

&#39; &#39; - >&#39;- .1-.&#39; - = ~. � -

�uordian? reporter;-began on August l5, l95l_, vita an article- . z 7 .» -_. . � &#39;. .� _ &#39; - . �

entitled; &#39;10 _1&#39;his the Dreyfus toss of Cold for 1nsrica7"&#39; the

opening article set the keynote for the entire series ofcrticles-_ _ . _

as bell as for the �intensive Ocaaunist propaganda caapaign which., -_ � ¢ �92 , - -

was soon to follow - a caapaign based vainly upon insinna-tisn,_ &#39;

artificially erected doubts, confusion and slicer deception-

; " This first article posed a series of suggestive ques-

tions atteapting to lint the Icsenberg case aith such previous

eases as the Dreyfus case, the Bcccs-Ycneetti case, and aith -

other irrelevant issues. The article neatlg illustrated a keg

technique to be saploged by the Eoaaunists in their future

agitation dealing with the Rosenberg Case, ion, to create

doubt by any leans possible and then to offer such synthetic

aoubts as proof sf the Iosenbergs&#39; "complete innocence.� This

ans dose on suggesting tact there were strong grounds indicating

that the losenbsrga hers vistias of a "political fraae-up.�~ _

I Iocerlging this saotescreen of ncneless "suspicions"- . u - - ,

and �Benito,� the �lotion! O8arlian&#39;-article unwittingly re-; &#39; . .

sealed s acjor purpose of the forthcoming propaganda barrage;

aeaely, a strenuous effort to deflect attention free the Cen-&#39; � -"--- - .. v.-�

aunist l&#39;artg&#39;s oan indirect but deep involvement in espionage.

lelloaing this opening announceasat the "&#39;Jationol

lli�rdian" ran c series of �I� articles bgulevben in successive

�Q41

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weekly installments from August 82 to October 3, 1951. In

summary, Reuben&#39;a &#39;ezpcee&#39; condemned the Rosenberg trial and

eenvietion as ene.gigantic,frane-up based upon FBI collusion

bith a ieeljhoonfeesed spy� and istoel p:§¢¢»&#39; David Greenglase,in which the Roeenoerge were �innocent victims� of war-tine

hysteria which was being consciously cultivated by the U. 8. 92

dovernnent-" _&#39;} _ _ ~ &#39; ~ -,l_ -e _ = . E

&#39; In order to joetgfy thie fantastic thesis, Reuben ream� &#39; . &#39; I r

ed to a variety of distortions, emotional appeals and half-truth

which were later token over and improved upon by the Communist -

press. - &#39; &#39;

1;Q$§H_QI 4§TIfSE¥IT{§U .. .fY .h. r~ L i~ l

in view of the iRPOTtG�C8 which the �ommuniet Party

later tried to attach to the anti-Semitic aspects of the case,

it is worth noting that the �National Guardian&#39;s� initial series

of articles node only one eingle suggestion that anti-Semitisn

was involved in the trial. Even this lone reference was more of

an innuendo than a concrete charge. kidney through Reuben�:

�expose� he remarked in passing that it Ias �singular� that in o

em; of more than so per 683$ Jewish in population New fort cm

not a single Jewish Juror had been ohoeen.�&#39; &#39; ° H

-: 1_¬§�@5E*56 �a.§5§§?? J3� �e __ e as-Q; L:1cs;avf"

� In its issue of October l0,&#39;l95l, one meek after the

completion of the Reuben series, the fictional Guardian� announce

that a ?National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rooenberge&#39;

. 75 -

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was being fcrned with Killian Reuben ae its provisional chairnan,

The aine cf this grcup uere&#39;eaid to be nation-aide publicity qf�. 1 &#39; e � .

the facts sf the case ae well as the raising of funde for legal

appeals on behalf of the Rosenbergei A r -� .

- -_ �n January 8, 1952, a preee release was issued announcl

the fcraatien cf a ¬Maticna1 Committee to Secure Justice in the

Rosenberg Case� with q�ficee at 2é6.Fgfth Avenue, New Ibrk City,

and with Jbaeph Brainin as chairman» According to thie announce-

ment, a group qf "125 American men and women from all over the� I

United States, who represent zany occupations and professions,�

had joined with Brainin in organizing this Committee; however,

only 18 persons were actually identified in the press release.

This release called attention to the �many unexplained contra-

dictions� in the Government&#39;s case and for the first time sericui

injected the irrelevant ieeue cf anti-Semitic: into the dieoussii. - x -

the statement declared, �it is eign�ficant that none cf the Juror

nae Jewish, although one-third of Few York&#39;s population, where

the trial took place, ie cf Jewish background.� Uontinuing, the

press release alleged that the eevere_sentence against the

Eoeenberga had &#39;raised_feare in the leading Jewish presaiiithatu

the Roaenbergs were �victim: cf religious bigctry." - .

~ �hortlu thereafter, an article appeared in the January,

1958, issue cf �Jewish Life,� which has been cited as a part qf

the Communist press by the California Committee on Uh-American

lctivities! giving the full treatment to the alleged anti-Semitic

W» Qi

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implications of the Rosenberg case. This article was captioned,

{Anti-Semitism and the Rosenbergs&#39; and was written by Louie �arap

Vewieh Life� editor/I _- nnenihnrl IllY : Y I P TTX &#39;1

�no accident"and a �highly suspicions aspect of the Government&#39;s

approach� to the case. Ehe fact that both the trial judge.

Judge Iaufhan! and the United States Attorney who tried the oase

Irving Shypol! were Jewish, jar jron discouraging Harap, was

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q�ficiul organ, the "Daily Forker.&#39; Ihe Communist Forty mouth-

piece declared, Yfnefeosenberg case is u ghastly_po1itica1 frame-u&#39; � . &#39; . I � . --- .&#39; .- " ,A . � P . r &#39;- -I . � &#39; 1

It was arranged to �rovide blood_uictime to the witckenuntere, to

epen the door to new violence, bnti-Senitieu, end court lynohings

of pence ddvoooteo and Hbrziets&#39;ae_fspiee.ne -ls. ,&#39;?Y�� -&#39; Two weeks later the Conmunietgfront Civil �ights &#39; "

Gengress iesued a press release calling for notion-wide support c

the Rosenbsrgs. �The anti-Semitic aspects of this case were now

ready for,full-scale exploitation as evidenced inA¢ statement. � . a

issued by William L. Patterson, Executive Secretory qf thee- &#39; I

Civil Rights Gongress. Fbtterson said &#39;...the Rosenberg

frame-up is a new high in the growing anti-Semitism. The

lynching of these two innocent American Jews, unless stopped

�by the American people, will serve as&#39;a signal for u wave of

Hitler-like genocidal attacks against the Jewish people

throughout the United States... lie larder of the Bosenberge

&#39; - -�.--&#39;-r �-�-h

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other public qfficiale were eupplenented by an inteneive cGIpdign&#39;

to eend thoneande of letter: Ind -aeleorolv ta. the Prceidvni

urgine clemency, the dissemination of hundreds of thoueande~ 1*� - < � &#39;

of pamphlets, circular letters, financial appeals ae well ae &#39;1

the collection of thoueande of eignaturee on clemency petitione. -

The campaign extended into eane 40 foreign countries. Sup-

portere of the Rceenberge in France rent so far ae to declare

o �National Rosenberg Lay� and on June 16, 1953, it was reported

that the Gouernaent of inland had q�fered �political aey1un&#39; 92*

to the Roaenberge in the event they were freed. *_ 5 &#39;

,£1L§l_!2,�L6LI $513 H01�!-SL 4.vp,lA.P."Ee1,L§

In addition to such dramatic promotions, the NCSURO.

had solicited thousands of eignaturee for clemency petitions and

appeals of one kind or another. The total number of perecne sign-

ing such petitione ie not known; however, it hae reportedly been

ae high ae 48,000 per week at the height of the campaign.

Hang of theee �ppeole have undoubtedly been made in

good faith; however, the HCSJRO and the Communist preeo have.�!

reported then with little regard for honeety.

- It is quite evident that the clenency drive woe from&#39;1 &#39; - ..

"the beginning a highly artificial aJyair which nae carefully .

promoted rather than a epontaneoue polio reaction ae the -&#39; �-- -- - � - ,- --- _ - .4.-92 . . - Al-, _

Ccnnuniet preee ecught to ehcw. Thie was indicated from the mere

fact that the �Daily Icrker&#39; was able to print the nanee and �

-Wee

______ �_� __ _v__ __ _ __92 _ ______ _ ._. ._. 4., .| P &#39;&#39; 92

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addressee cf hundreds of clergynen and intellectuals who had

written to the President asking yer clemency. Unless the IGSUBO - E3???&#39; %@e~<

or the Oolnuniat Party had solicited such letters themselves, thellprjy press would have no may qr knowing who had written to the �� Q 5 �

rhite House except in a fem isolated instanceei At a number of e_ -r�92-

rallies sponsored by the HGSJRC, individuals in attendance eere ~e

handed telegrams, post cards or letters which were already J

completely filled out and addressed to the President and which

lacked only a signature, �In addition it has also been reported&#39; égigav &#39; - �_-��

that representatives of the HGSJRO conducted intensive houee-to- _

house canvaeses, particularly in the Jewish and Hegro neighborhoods,;j�f*�>4� ._,._.

in an qgfort to obtain signatures fcrclenency petitions. b

&#39; &#39; Apart from such synthetic methods oj&#39;recraiting clemency iuL~§

advocates, the HCSJRG was not above resorting to plain mierepreeentw

tion. According to an article appearing in the Seattle &#39;Poet� _ l.i5; éi92&#39; _

Intel1igencer&#39; on January 7} l958; a number of Seattle clergyman _-

iny ianner. The iinietere were

4- I-_.92-_.9�-ll FUUFQ

asked over the telephone ahether or not they favored capital

punishment. L! they replied in the negative, as nany of then did, §M

they were then asked if they were not therefore opposed to the - E???&#39;rh.=-I

llettrocution qf_the Rolenberyei Irrespective of their anenere, �- -

their nanee were entered on the list qf thoee opposing the Ra|¢n- eéf�ta�

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the cleeenoy drive. An advertisement placed in the �Iashington ,

Evening Star� on January 5, 1958, by the �mnergency coaeittee of

the Arte and Professions to Secure Clemency for the 8oeenbergs,&#39;

one of hang satellites of the ucsuno; quoted Rabbi Silver as

follows: "...I believe that the death sentence which has been in-

posed is unprecedented in the legal annals of our country...I

believe that our country is strong and great-hearted enough to be

merciful...� &#39;

lhe full text of Rabbi Silver&#39;s solicited statement,

which incidentally was in the fore qf a reply to a letter,froI

Enanusl H. Bloch, the Rosenbergs&#39; defense attorney, received no

publicity. It included ouch additional remarks as the followings

�I have accepted the verdict of the courts in their conviction

of the Rosenbergs...The crine cf which they have been found

guilty is a heinous one and l&#39;found no sympathy in my heart for

non and women who betray their country. I was especially resentful

of the q�fort that was node to drag in the issue of anti-

Senitisn in this most unfortunate affair...�

Probably the mast flagrant instance of distortion,

however,.occurred in connection with a statenent issued by Pope

Pius III in Decsnber, 1952. The Communist press made it appear _

that the Pope had directly and personally interoeded and asked

for clemency on behalf af the Rossnbergs. Moreover, when it

developed that the Pbps&#39;s stateaent had not been immediately nads

public, the Rosenberg supporters hurled heated charges of

�suppression,� �gagging,� etc., by the Bbpartlent of Justice, which

had received the Pope&#39;s communication.�

: 81 -

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The actuai facts were for different. Pope Pius III

gq¢¢_n¢ personal appea1_{br clemency chatsoever, but merely *

notified the_Departaent of Justice in-routine fashion through 5&#39;.&#39; s __ - . __ .

-catholic ofyicials in Iashington, D. 0., of the Jhct that he had92 .4.r &#39; . W &#39; - . &#39; &#39;

-received a number of appeals asking his to request clemency for. ." .,_ .. _ _ .

the Rosenbsrgs. According to a statement_1ater issued by the

Apostolic Delegation in Washington; the Pbpe had nude no attempt

�to judge the_nerits qf the case� but had nerely informed the

Department of Justice qf the fact that the Vatican had received

appeals on behalf of the Rosenbergs. This information was con-

firmed by former Attorney General Icdranery in an intervieu -

reported by the i�ew fork Times� on FebFuary 15, 1953,

_ Despite these statements, the Communists and NCSJRC

propaganda continued to use the Pope&#39;s name and to suggest that

the Iatioan had intervened in support of the clemency drive.

" Pro-Rosenberg propagandists, fully aware of the nature

aversion which many people feel toward capital punishment, were

not above playing upon this sentiment with morbid references to

the Rosenbergs&#39; �charred bodies,� �seared flesh,� etc., in theo - r,

-event the death sentence should be carried eut. The �Daily Serb

characterised the sentence as-�savage,� �vindictive,� �sadistic,

etc. It spoke of the �brutal accents� qf Iresident Eisenhower&#39;s. I ,� _ �� __. . .-_ = , , &#39; _,... -. &#39;

denial of clemency and described Department of Justice briefs in

support of the sentence as �cold-blooded� documents. Altogethen

the impression was conveyed that the Government had been motiuat

~82-

~ ,1� . F; L