n'ti ;inul:JUU n'r?rJenfi duufi oou

FARMING SYSTEM TRIAL

. l u . . t .

afif, rnn;ta ilu?r tntnnu uar uoluilu ?atRUlJ

ABSTRACT

A study of farming system was under taken in 1985 on Yasothon soil

series (Ultisols) unden rainfed conditions at Nan Land Deve.Lopment Station'

Land Development Depaltment Region 7, Nan province. Various eropping systems

such as one crop per year, doub.Le cropping, relay croPPing, .Iand preParation

method, mulching, using green manure and aPp.Lying chemicat ferti l izer was

s tud ied . The ob jec t ive was to es tdb l i sh c ropp. ing comb ina t ion / sequenc es

capab. le o f max imis ing produc t iv i t y and pro f i tab iJ - i t y .

The results are as follow; on rice-based cropping system, rice with

leucaena trash as rnulcb or incorporate produced the highest return. 0n

peanut-based cropping system, peanut and mungbean sequentia.L with rice straw

mulch on peanut produced the highest return. Conn-based cr"opping system, corn

and pigeon pea relay with rice straw nufch on corn produced the highest

retuln.

This study showed that peanut and nungbean sequential with rice straw

mulch on peaDut \nras the best method of all, croPPing systerns studied.

uilninda

C r,{.cr . 2528 rul!?itn'tr d"nlnr ruriruurdfiu r sn 7 l. ru rrldulntlnrrrrtmrldhr]

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uldsr \oufinrgrfl{ n't r Onfid 1 ni-r rJ3nfit l 2 nfr nr:rJ3nireirrdarq4r ' iSnrtinsuutlu nrtltJ

ddnailtlu ua=nrrltl{urad luSrdAn rdo riLarnahn uuda'rwtnrdaouor 6'urir.ir'r \ou1dfiti!3n fio

s"r r1: drAd{ rf ' :rdur a"r r\nn ttru"tta, rarrirEl'r rdaurlsnrrk}frrd wrr "rJ3ncioudr qgrr.l3n1fu

tJrsirSn'l d.r dn

r.ranrrAnvrlnulJritT'1rtf iulrdnmr': ' ' t ' ! Snr:'.Jgnz"r rl i thu:ranarlrlrur'] r !dtnlf lqd{dn

llonr:rJgnu"rrlrioufinr11d'1un:'f iunll lurnla-r nrtFngrloslr}f iAdr tf lrrudnvrurI lSn'lr 0a

1/ d'n1n.r'rr.,6u,ir&m diu rsn ? a.ri1u

423

dr hdr dlr.riaran ar unrlr 'r. i rcr:.eiindidofia nrrrJgnrfuFdrnrrLo,"rrdr r0ur I ouflnr t nnrn',h r rit r dnrt

500 nn./ '1r 1r-rrhRdr nrringrlorlt i.o"rrlm r f lura dnr!'r 'r lSnl:lqnrirr\Lnfi l#ruaarauummr.r

!citv:l iad{dolro nrrl6rnu'rTll,rorreiro""un'lt.,"ua" totlf ln'rtnS.rv,h{dnt'r 5cO nn. /-lt 1us'r riv{n

atnranrrfirnvr' lu.4n 1 rruuso.rntrrJ5nfiduora"elfinrnrrt : "ur r r: rJ angrriei"lr irJ an ou !!y[.1

11. t rCr rv i indrdnFanr t rJ3ndrAdrnr rn ' r rn ' r ,s - r r \ou f ln r :n4u4r . . i r i r xdor t ' r 500 nn . / ' l r lu i i?Ad. l

nhriruacnr:nrra randr:

n'rrdar:uun'rr Cnfirt ivlddoouor rluu:rt lt, rdonrr "1r-#6uua "utr rf l l t ovutin"olldlnur -

ntrrarulu:id lvrrrdlrdudfl ' t ?: !Fiivinaua'dlnr"Iur.hlrhr \oudrrLrrs ri irA'nuarlr ' lunrt Anso.i6!d

r.Jgnirdl#{rdu1l:-u:r.r.r r"uuo-rndrruona'rnq'lferrazuAqua":ru'ln"uir dirlyr.l l :{ !!n::-rnJ'l

pudrrJfluorfiufi.rnr{ !Fri!!a:f 'rul rf l 6 nfir t ' lar *Lrnr:eJ" i 'r l f irnar ueror hl 't r iFl oir u nr:rl4nfiddrddu

tSoo 1a"rfr1li 'rarAnoo.rirelaoar'1o" ruazuasrgorer"rrlrf ldgnnr*lrld'rirelnt' larlco-lrriu firofr fhad-r

dr r0ur d ru"*o ' r+6 iu$r r r rzuaahnoordr r l : ' f i lSnar r r i r r ' l i t1 r sz% nr : ' l ; i 1un : : f tuur .JordrJSn

g"r,r1r ' l ld'or: rr?ryu-n uy'l 1,000 nn.l"lt q "r 'f 'r"ly"rl a Br hsr el"r ' t ' l r r frudu6.r 39% *a"d"n-rfudleir ru-r

r1 r fluirrlrll:rli !. n.r-rq mrir uf r riauer"'r.i {r f 'rr ! qFa! r fruI nrJn n 4rau1o"F1 n'roiu'll.luS.irjoudsruiru !!a o

lnnnluirdrrrrnrlaorl; iousrqorr.rrrf irf lurltc\u?i;Frofiel-lo"rrn toriufi [[nsmras, 2525) n']t dnsltl

urndoar-r: ' tr,{juu'urluhu{,if in'rrrEordrprri$lau6.rrJrlnar-rF1o t 'uunr trJondr Fd.r nrudr ulir r dur

unr: rr.runr tr-laner'r rlurororr+,o'rurl 'r r0urvia#roir drut"uvduu"urlrlhudfinrrrqor,drg: rious"r{6r'r

1fiirn nr:r-15ni^rrln4rnJrls o-u n r: rl q nfiei"l:"lu: "u'r"r .i lrn'rirein w q adr fluoiu dr rdu r: "iuragonr tr-Jgn

njlrrua" rf luh"urlrFu (dr36, 2527 l uufloaun'r *' ir lvhrdti.r tJnn gfl l r 'qi.na:.n u l f l iofia " aovS odo.r

riun'rrrlr!ullDfi?6!ool rffnlu uono'r nd'uir c"A qd'l ein qr6uu"r el 'r urirbiErudlr]Flg o { 6'u?l'r-i n'runrtldldu

o i ' r ! ua , r r4 r r =de. raar15 !qSe i6u \s roo . i f l? i (4 f l x r rF i ! !F :F t r r . : , 2523) t f nn l tA . rMeJo i !nSu. i1n t

! !F :o .u i (2523 ) lwr r n r t le ln r ao"or r f lu ' r -dqopr f iu " luo 'n t r 200, 4c0 , 800 ! !a ! 1 ,5c0 nn . /15

d'rlr 'rrnAonrtdqr!iuFun..i"lor" 37 -69% uF:aon'rrd!-r, r 6ut-rt rfr.. i lror 7 -24% {nt1 ul rfrt!. !!A!nt!.: (2525)

rruo''u"" nrrtJ6ntirrlnnuvu'l lr1nmrulor"Ieidr;lrddrq-qr-eif,pJrln;tla'a!'1u"x-dfidfinruua"rri lCdq

nqrFullrlr i6ufir.J: ' irSnrlr ' lunr tr 'urir dr u:-lvr urrrdu'td1rirf l l lot, 'r. i$,l ' , n o'rrlr.roaturtnrusio

drrvruri-i un'-i- l o"lru6r 20 r-u lnu'lr ir:,nlnr' rf iauqora!..rAer uanar ft:1-rrl i f l !!ur' ir lrLrrJ-i r lulSnr:

d r f i c l l : " ins r r reo- r l r f i s lu la r t rauuag iodr io r 'd f i . . i r r r l r ' rq ' ld " in r lsn t tu r ru n r td i t r r1u6ugr r . {

oT r * . , ^ r . , r lgo ldu f i f i r f lu lSnT :vd . rd i ruaonr r6ry r FrFur ra :usr ( Logan, 1980) oJr . r l tFnrgr n r r

$r1 l ft r hufi lh r.-lr r n4"lrir f iu r dron'rrlFurrt,"u a' n lr l r Fr sa.su*rflrr rnra o-.rf iunr:donrr r durniu6ulla,flel

i-r rf luisnr:dr'd'orrJrur"kinru6idu}Jo'ru lsnr:d.rnairr1n"*ri nr:ldfdqnFsr6! nrrlenfidlou

aoq"nlruni..!eo jn'ri ' lnl 'w!!n.s r. i$ a'lr isio r lnu: rr6u r ar lsnrradrrddrrr:n1J1oiaa61urlnru 1

r .J r : rnCr (Mayer and Manner ing , 1963; l ^ I i schnre ie r ' , 1973; Pa i , 1976; Mars ton and

Doyfe, 1978; and Lindstrom et. al,, 1979) dif iunr:6ric'rs:vun'lt trnsrsluufioou i.q-rridn

rhrf,un'rrduriiorflr-rnrtFnvrnrTrrtfulf ld'druorr l o o..! t su!nli lnnsre-lurin.,t rr-lr-r

424

olntrfrua;16nr:

n.r rronot-tia'r r Oun,r:du1u! n,ri. 2528 ultia ouuuudu{fu-lndlnar I (Middle ter-race) \rutlu{nuldor ul r rnrdnrfit&*dtudrv{a rr.r o.dr r.ritr d.l rf iuitu?iinr r rgarudqrl:rir iar

o-'t lr ir ! pH ,Ur!rJ,t& 5 rfrnt: rnvnrlr un'r!r;sr,t5u 15-16 O dnt,trJnl o !r.oo.tdi-rf ir jr curru 1-2%

uru n't: n a ao It

?,1.1!!?tun,ttraaa.tl l lJtJ Randomize CompLete B.Lock gurorrdal jau ? x 14 ,.,2 C-rua clr f i 11 rEuln1r,Ugnfid

1 = rJlnu"rrl iaJr{ r!1ur1urfiou i lulurlt/n:nATaxJ lauinrr' lnr-rrrutta!!n1r I a.toodl

2 = rJ Snrir rh'Iu r f i aur,!. ' i iet,t nll \oufin1r' lo,nr?u!!aEnil lvh.t dnrl 5OO nn. /1; ' tn

n r run ar,rrircirl! r tl or-i f,inu,r tnJ / nr ngl n! $a orJ nn?,-r rl in r ll nufi nt r aSlvh r dn rr

500 nn./ 'tn nd.rurjar (2 I rnu,Ich )

3 = rJBniir rhlu r ! lcuniqvll nx lauinrrlnflrrulacnp-,l i1.rdnrr 5oo nn. r ' l : r^iuurdr

n"uiir air'Iu rilau inul uu / nr rg,t ar.r ua otl3nzt-r rl jn r rA n u'l ridnr:'lnvlr ll

44 : Uansl.l ld{ ! t lou?rrl ieal ar] Iauinlrlo$s'tu!!Rcna!1tl{d'nr1 Soo nn.r1i rJgndr-

! 0u?n111rl !t lauftJur t iu Iau'lr if inrt ' lnr,!t?u!ta!nrut^l,. l.tdFr1 S00 nn. / ' lr nt.t

!!U^-r (4A 1 mulch )

48 =,U efl !,"1 1'lr ' lu r f i a! irpl t\.r /nr nA.t nrr ln ufi n1l' lnnr,tu

5A = 3n!,",r rlf ln'Iu I t lau rfrs,t nrJ \nufinrrlnu:'tr Fr+rl4,t{drr.t 500 nn./-[r !!nsfi

nrrldi{ur.rrn:;ru rJgndrrdurnrrluttlot-t A.t,ri1 nr.r / drlul uu \nultjf inrrln rru

rnvnpivhldn:t 500 nn./-l: ' nf-r *rJal (5A I mu.Lch )

5B = anrt':r l1' lu ! 6our,{qsa,t nrl Inuinlr ' ln,wrt!ltn:nfl ?,1,]rdnt.l 50O nn. r-l i ' lnnar.r

rYrdrad-r rrrJn.r u a oliutl,ra;r dr rirndl u!a.rrin:rJ3ntir rl inrr (58 con. t it l , 58

no t i11)

6A = rJ endr afr r i lorlytrfm,t nrr Iauin,tr '[nr,{t.:ulra!n6l.r,!,,I.r{dnr.] 500 rln. /1; lnnaur{r -

n"r 1r-trt lau0qu.luu/nrn4lnr.l tavr.Jsnrirrlnnntrlnuf,n,trni!d.t-r f inrr rir j l srJn.r

1dilunC.r urJar (6A I fert.)

68 = rJ enrfr drlu r l laurrquar nr Ioudnrr' lnrrrruua;n3rni,r.rd'orr.r 50.0 nn./ ' lr: ' lnnau

rfrcfr1u rflou Ogu.r uu / nr n&,t Frr.t uac ans"rr1inrr.l

?A = rJondr rtlolu r !laur,rqvar nr I oui n,t t'ln,wt lutla c na&r,,l,t ,! d'n t 1 500 nn. /'lr endru: tla: ud]r'[ur cr-rit I un rgo.r s",r rlyvnlu rfiauAlut rs / duu.t uu

78 = 'I i i i1!nrrflunprtlnroinrr uu.dn 1,600 nn./1; f in't f ' lnnrrundr

lr.Ja.r !nndl

urJal' lr i lnm ruunrrJ3nrir rl inr r1rl r f iau Qnuluu/nrnnlnLi

425

n,' l i t i r iunlrnaeo\t

rirnr vrru{ulornlad !}b dnr,l 160 nn./1r luftlf ihrnr mo ao.r rda rflu{ur o.rdalua"

vhnT t'!nn:rr1un"u rilounrprrnr rfrnr rCalur urJ n.r r! R:!angttilrn Fo.l

r . f , l r i :n

i h a i v h n r r r J g n r { r c i r h l f i o r . r r q v a r n r l u l S n r : f i 2 , 3 , 5 8 , 6 A u a ; 6 8 l o u l J

tru! $n 10 x 37.5 elr.t. uuaor 1 irFn/upt vd-rrJanyiuur nrdtifrddOrn^ilrjouii?.].t on ( Pre-emer-

gence herb ic ide) raonp lv 'h ra ' r rdn t ' r 50O nn. /1 r -

rirrlna r rn r rU6no-t r lrrnlu riSauvrqvarnr lutSnr:fl 5A !tn! ?A Iautlr:o;rJ3n

20 x 75 rJN. uuoo 2 116o lup.r nou[snrrAo f ri 'r tvqet 1di{urrarlu rdurdnry]nd'nrr 25 nn.

rialr ua"{trnfrJrda{ r a;dod! n dnrl 32 nfl./'1:' narrrJen rl.rn,r ryhru,r nl{rlfititi0ovilrriaur on

rr a: n pnit -r 5'n r I 50o nn. /1;

dz-at l lnr:rJ5rnih idr lu r f i o1nrqr*a I ru lulEnrrf{ 4A lnulrJr:ucunn 20 x 37.5

?iN. len 2 iutup t*{uOufudnrr 16 nn.r't i nolr!3n rhnr: uur 4rdtl irt ir ialgrd.r o nua: n3r

n l r ron f ' l )uu nn , / t f

r irrU rnguutlu ans"rr'trrAouJlqul$r/nrn4,rmr 'I,u'!Sn1r 1, 48 lau1rlr:u:rJ3n

10 x 37.5 cirr. lruor 5 | rr6n /uFr ud-rlgnriuur p.rCdfit idfiariauftri. l an dirulu,lSn,trf l 7B inlt

rJ'r ! 011!n r:l lur],t l sin prurJal ludn: r 1,600 nn./ '1r f,nr rlnrr: run6n'Ivn r c f lr] n.! luiua?{ $rJa.l

(t lSnlt 7B con. t j.}1) dnnd.r urjnr' lr i ' lnvrr ru\aulJur:ir {rlf id' luurJn-r (79 no tiLl) rlnsyr'1

n'rxJgntirrlr lnulJrou,r-J1n 1O x 37.5 dr. yuaarrFn 5 rrFalusl ud.r rJ grn^hru'r pr{tlfrdti0n

rioufithanlulsnrrfi 78 con. t i l t

nr r qr ri n:hur rlor duua:rJrrr-rl lnlf idnr rnrr rdr rf lu ldlrJuuorh rdurdnr dndnr1 2S nn. /

1r rf iao"rr!.raorg'ln" 3o fu 1di{trOurfudnrr 24 nn.r1i rdorfrid.rorg 60 du rirnrrlnnnurir-

ri1'tu !t iouiQu.tuu/nrn!1nl luaSn1# Z, Ss con, t i l . l , 6A $n! 68 un'vhrutgirf irEfrlul3

n'rrt i 3, 58 no ti l l rdarJ3nldnr r.rua;rirnr r rf iu rdurr-rrt lrn u-rr1r ua:rirhd.r r dofniuri an

rJuflnnrr rrirl rltulaso{6r?inoaa{fi{vrJn frll{ rat,rAn u a lri'ltfn rru-l u al n'uSnifi 116onnir Iad1uurja.r

[a cfufinrr ua: rdunrir.r 1 lunr nJlrlll.r ru

no t i l ]

s-.1r oin:r

g:r . uan

a. f,cfiaa"

rieeli r 'rn r rr.Jgn s"r r ' l :1uriu r l lounr n4,r al.r 1u'!Snrrd 2, 3, 58 con. t iff, 58

rua : 68 lou1d: :u ;Uan 10 x 3? .5 r i l . uuor 5 r r f ,a7u3r lu lsnr r f i 2 in r r1 ! ' l ^ t r . r

5oo nn./1r natrnrJal ndl urJar (2 + mufch) dnnd.rrr at'tr lapdr.l (2 - nuLch)

ierlna n'rnrtrJ3ns"r rirnralu;u r f ia.rlnr ngr nr 1u'!Snrrd oe toukl:"u"rJen 20x75

1 ri 'u rr,r4r ta:n6u,'hrdarrr 500 nn. / ' lr f inr:1d{u uarfu rduuda rr,, ln dorr 25 nn. 11:

426

!!a:nF! | dR,{U llofl^lod !r,, ln dnrl 32 nn./1i nourJgnn{r uUar (6A + fert) lnn!rurJarlri ' I ; i{u

(6A - fe r t )

de ri ioe rfinrrrJnnii l rdurntfi6'{s"rr\neruacdrid.r r t louR-su'r iD.r /rfuu'rul lauleJ:ouc

USn 5 x 37,5 dlr. rJSn 1 ciulvpr 'tulsn'rr 5A rra' 4A finrr' lr lrh r a"r rdn:r 5Oo nf ./ ' lr

n6u urJ nr ndr urJar (5A + nul-ch [a! 4A + mufch) Snnf'ru arlrinqlmhr (5A - mufch !!R!

4A - mulch )

n'el:ur: rlrnrrlqndirr'ua;lr.rlSnrr 7A dr ans"rrlnorlnurJ5nrirr"uarudrlur"r,r 'rr 'r

rnrsorrirlvloloulei"::urrJ6n 20 x 75 e.br. rJgn t riu lu ry.r lurfioufiryrrrrl/ iYuu'ruu

R.lig[eiRr1 rJar uua: r rv r,fo;$e]sr.r un'r r udr rf lu 1;i{uuoulu rduula!dn dntl 25

nn,/1t !Fia?r"11lflnarq1ri so Cu rirnrr rf lr rf iur$rdrJan rdofit luri qfldufin6{n'rr!qlerrl!\nso.tf ld

roaar#o"l,r r 'o6{ zuaruAsrua:r:-Mrtn uri-.ruo-.r siu$rid rr.r6annn"r'r aq'1uu aruavdufln:rua:rdunrir.r 1

1r.r nr rr.frJflr ru

ilflnliilna0[

r andnl orr f, i uia:r;uu

ar nqrAsr s o if ir i *Fr n:ei0odloilr l uria": 'r.-,un r:rJ gnfida ; uor nolt r r ' lu1ri nrtrJ3nrir?1tt:Sn'rt

UqrnJr rlrlnunr:rJpnnrruudruudr no"uiirrftfi'ldur+ir fqlfltlr^lila :1r;!.r a l.lAu o"r r'tr t adudrda 405 nn. /' l :

r ' lsnrri ' i 3 $n" 58 no tif l ) d r ul Sn'r rf i ' lu"qr ar..rhnrfr {o flo' l Sn r rrJg ndr rl ia ir r rt lur \oss1

n ' r r ' [nnrx r n6 ' l o " r . r a e . rAs i radu 298 nn . / '1 r t l snTt f i t ! !av 4B) n ' ] t len fhadtnrun" rud i r r0ur

i f rAdrd 4nr f lu f idu :n" luusra : ls 'n r t ( lSn ' r t 4A + nu lch t ra : 4A - mu lch) q ' l i auAn i i l f rd - t' lr juFnsjr.i

' iu 1o u'l r iar ar..rAn radu 29cr nn./1r' drun'r r 6 urfhl gnnr 'r | f lusreifi 2 nrruudrdrAdr dir-

r0urritJgn\ouf,nrrnesrvl,r (4A + mu.lch) a:1u"aai..riot$r n'rr n1t 3nii l r0utloulri5nrtnp*"lr. l

(4A - mu lch) n . i 22% (q ln B? nn . /1 r r f i r f l r . r 106 nn , /1 ; ) n l r l jens" ' r r lnn ' !Snr f i . J4ndr r

l ngrrrJ;'rud'r "!!ar (lSn'rr 7A) r:ldaaorheiu"r'r\ lrn$rnrtnrrrJ3ndll l$osiru;'ruiir r0ur (lS

n1r 5A + mulch ra: 5A - mulch d':unr:r. lgndr r6ur rf luSnjfi 2 n r r,:. ' t d-t tr 'r r l l 'm (lSn']5 5A

+ mu.lch ua' 5A - mufch) i ir rdrrdlgn\oruf,n'rrnerur,l 'r.e (5A + mulch) a,'tr iruar.rhn$rnrrnrt

rJ4ndr r6 r r lou l r i f ln r rner ]vJ , r r (54 - mu lch) t1 . i 59% (q1 f 58 nr , / - l t t ih r f lq 92 nn . /1 r )

o"r1n"udor1iluor rr rf i 1

42'� l

, '1.t1\| l r 1 l idnrgJarRsr {1.J'rJ, !ry- l ) s ori ldr lr i8rr l0nlu!!; ac r vv! nl rrJnnqd

i . .rndAa nn. / ' l ii:r-r!n,t r!Fnfiid 'tr'.l't u tun

fnl !!r n grtidd o.r

7

2 + rnu.Lch

2 - mulch

3

4A + mulch

4A - mulch

4B

5A + muJ-ch

5A - mul-ch

58 con ti l l"

58 no ti lL

6A + fert

6A - fert

6B

7B con t i l l-

78 no tif l-

3 0 5

2 8 8

2 9 2

294

6 0 5

3 7 2

304

382

106

B 7

9 2

5B

4 3 6

428

6 5 9

4 6 8

3 B6 9 4

3 8 5

t l 'rr ' l iaur.r r f iur

rtr rirnrrloir u s".r r-l r

dr rirnrroirru"r r ' l :

rir oi'rnr rir uth r'li

r i rHd. rn r r r i rud t r0ur

rtridr nruor"rudr r tur

ti'r rl io r,'r r r?,ur

?"'r t \$aar!q"rurir r 0ur

g"'r ?\$ocrrlri2urir r 0u r

rtr ri rrt r ! oir u u"r r-lr

t{rdrnrri 'rus"r r ' l :

dr rfrclrt.l ri ! lir rlfln

ttrdror!rirt lg"r rl?ro

rirrirg|.rlJrirudl r'tt

t ir r lunnrrir odrll orr a t

u'r r-l iour.l i f iur

tir r-l iaJr r rt lsr

riinin u;{ ti a s illu ua'a:r ;lu

rJSrT &rl'nnlnu;-r s o-rfiddn nn"r r ogJluurJal udl a r n r f,u r du r la rRa n stlnnri,t -t fu-l,! 6'.! -

rudar'Iilunrrrrd 2 n,'r r! Anfiellr s1u nir c, aqg u on" r n" "-t n''l.l aaafl r fhdu tr i.r u-.r rirlyhU Furrv.rJ.nnln

r ihgfirif{ r ufr on nn'T r ag'fufird rtbrfu;'ru d{q:da'tur1r r[uiwrfti{nq vhlvig*drr]rlrl .q ! ni!!n!nlur,tfl

so{tiuidu d'lar'unr rrJgndr rir r do r f lu{u$rrldnlu I S nr rd 2 + mulch, 2 - mulch, 3, 58 con.

ti l i-, 58 no ti.Ll, 6A + fert., 6A - fert. unc 68 rl.tn't: ' lnnzuun"r,iurrrir rdodrdrarr.r

44 du 1;!t!,rm;.Mfn$u'{ sa{fid r cdu a1B nn. /1;

42a

r - l ' :1 .J l 2 rudorr rj -narjnu#r s o.r fidu ria: rl0 a"l r.r *sr a' I suufl.r r!FDfi?i

ri'narlng o.sfi?i nn. r1rt : r-ru n't t'u aaffd v:.r't u rfln

firiuin fitlti*o.r

7

2 + mul-ch

2 - mulch

3

4A + mu fch

4A - rnu-Ich

4B

5A + mulch

5A - mulch

58 con t i ] l

58 no t i l f

6A + fert

64 - fert

6 B

7A

78 con t i f l

78 no t i l l

4 3 0

q 0 4

4 0 4

1 rC0

427

q 6 6

'+ 04

4 4 0

4 4 0

4 1 4

4 1 4

4 2 7

829

4 1 8

\ 2 2

21 .9

2AIl

5 C 6

4 8 C

564

q 4 8

3 6 B

362

3 8 4

423

3r+ 8

3 1 4

U"'r 11;od1 .! r6ux

drcirsrr!rir!s"r r"1:

dir ri.tclr!n"ru!"r r'lr

rit rhq'r ri o"r u s"r r'I i'

rJr ad -r sr r r.r ri'r u fh r 0 u']

dr Rdr nrro"ru dr r 0ur

g'r r-l r'our r i t1u'r

s"r rlflon'r rJo"rudr r 0u.)

s"r r \Yrna'r ro"rurir r tur

drdrnr ra"rue"r r-ii

i{r rirnr uri'r u s",r r'l :

r irrhsrua'rus"r r\rrn

tl'r oirnr rn'ru g'T T \no

dr oi'rn r ro"r u rir r'l r

g"1r lr.!o qr !.r n-r udrrl, !!o:

g"'r xl;eli l r IFrux

s'r rl iadr.i r t lu')

:rs' l iorntterinaa!f, iu;a:': !!!

nrrrf"rurrut'ru' lr ihaalnslnluaHRF"lu;o-rft lu rf iona:r ulriua" a"uprUa {unr t rRnua"':

nr:6rncrlnu'lddrr' l :r irudn iSnr:rJ3no"r'r1ilouftnrr' ld1un::ftunr' l lrrurJa.r (78

con. t i1 l , 78 no t i t l ) q '1 " ruaqa!uyru f l { !F1r ! :nad{do ( redu -7?O ur r t l j t 1 -snr : rJ6n

ei11l jsrrrnid.s nr rlnnruiirrf r rdar fl l{!f ld;io *F:fin1i ner.r ' irr lrrer"rT'1r (2 + mulch) a'"Irizuazuisr

n a u ! ! r 4 1 . J l ' r r l d r u i f l q F i l d o ( - 1 , 7 1 + 8 ! r L / ' 1 i )

nrs f ln t r lou ' lddrRdr i f l rn rdn l in r : r , l3nr l rAd. ro r ruE i ru i i , r€ur lou in r rn l r l i r l l udr

id . r ( r+A - mu lch) q '1 aoro !ur lm. r ' i ! lLsv \ iq$r {o r - . ' (1 v rn l l r l t ; i r r r i in r r !Snd i r i f l rn ru

a" rur l : r5ur ' io t , f ln r rn i l l ,h . r f i r l r r r i rAd .s ( rn .d r rd ! r (4A + nu fch) r : "h i raqor r rmr rn r r -310

u1r'r /1r )

429

nlrirruT lnuldd, 2fuarflulr{n '!Snr:rJgnu"r rfuaucirln"rudl}.Jr!!ao lnuinltnFrn"h{1u

g"r riyro (7A) a c'br' lr an o!$yn]rl.{ ! r lrvi iqd.! d, (-719.8 !1yt/1;) lSnrr Sntir rlrro\ runlr,UOn

tr"rrlrron,rv{.rnr: ' lnnruj'udrairrdor0lr{ufit ldn l lnrtnSvrhrun:1dl{u'luu'rrlt\n (6A + fert)

r ' l r . r l l anorurur i ' r {n ( -1 ,789.8 !1 r l1 ; )

nr:6rrurrdainh4n l rcuunrr $nfirjuriacdonv{r-rr 'r r sur..rn 1rl3n9rri l oun r lJ3 nr'h 6d.r

nrro"rurt, r0ur loudnlrne}Jvl,r.!1!l irhd.! (aA - mu.Lch) a:'Ir.r"annor..ruvunt.rrdrv3flr$r{a

nrrtta.rtg.Janauuyruil.!r, irsj l lq Ioo"hiio jr urr vr u$a:1'{ 'r.r i 'r 1 lnufio' jt!f i t-tso.rrmrnr

nrror r rnynrn:fiq:lrh1:o!1a" 6'-r ' la"uda.r' l f iunr:rrd 3, 4 us' 5

rr.:esd s r d n.r lt u'l rir r nt.r a r hn o or nr lJ gnfti rrin: r :!uo 2528

rr u-tri l ' turrl- l: )rslunlrrJOnfid r 'r u'Lr"t ?r.l (u1r/'1r )

fili!rrn 9itldo.!

2

2

1

+ rnul-ch

- mufch

3

6 1 0

2 , 8 8 0

2 ,920

5 8 0

! , r47

1 , 0 8 9

7 , 2 4 9 . 2 0

728

7 7 0

744

6 0 8

764

5 2 2

552

348

8 5 6

r ,786 .20

8 4 2 . 4 0

7)2

5 7 0

6 1 0'7 44

6 0 8

764

3 , 5 1 6

3 , 4 4 2

5 8 0

1 , 6 5 9

1 , 4 3 7

8 7 2

8 5 6

1 , 7 8 6 . 2 4

8 4 2 . 4 0'/42

1 , 8 1 9 . 2 0

7 2 A

7 7 4

4A + rnulch

4A - nufch

4B

5A + nulch

5A - mul-ch

5 8 C O n t l t l

58 no t i l l "

64 + fert

6A - fert

7 A

78 con til-.1-

78 no t i l l

:! rrulfinqr nrr nr rnruFnlunar arior liu

t 2528 - s" , t r l ra nn.ao 1.80 !1n t i t r l i nn.a '

r l i r0u l nn.as 6 u lYl r lu : ro: nn.n:

2 ury r r i rhd . r nn .ae 10 u , tY l

15 ! ' rY l

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; - 1 5

e ( . 3

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rr c.r N c{ @ F d n o c.l cr (o or t'- J ir @6 ' f o F - ( r ) o t ' - ( \ F - ( O r - 1 t o c O. f c D r - r - 1 i r t - { + ! o : - F - o , d ) F - F - c \ r . J

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n 3 rr N (r] .r) rr <\ N rr : c..l rr rr c\ t-{ n

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s N n n i

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imrniua;aljnfl n1:nnnaf

aanrrtlrngrrarnrrrJgnf,t i luuriavr'uunlrUOnfid rdo$rqrrularnnrrrJgnfrdlda:dfio vru

r'r nrrrJ5rna"rrlr lsnr:Unnu"r r'lrlnu n'r rrJ gnr,r rn-l{-!uuqtr nsr"uttr crfhJornir fdfitirhr vrhlr.r"HaaAsr

o ' r r ' l r rcdo$. r {a 405 nn . /1 ; t l sn . r rd s rn :5 no t i l l ) i i ru lsnr rd lu"arnar in r i r r l i r i rdn F1o

lsnrt!3nu"rr' l iou'rr!t. lr Iasfin'r r ' l nrrr rurJnh'l n' 'rJ a(in r edu 298 nn.l l i t lsnrrd 1 !!aE 48)

rtauo{n,r5flSvvl,rr1us"rrl irdor!fuurfiuudulrit lnrrn4udr{ a "rir ' lr iu"r r ' i i iqraarinr fbrdu 22% tlS

nrrd 2 + nul-ch ! tuu rfluutfu 2 - nu.Lch ) nrr nndrrirrdaUr;r f ir-rriau!3nu"r r1r ar nr:r..nr

nr:rJ6nz"rrl i lSnr:rirr 1 r vrf r ' I lr"ratJFnu"r r ' lrrt i ldu 2s",4 1'tsnttd 2 - mulch, 3, 58 con,

ti11, 58 no ti l .L $n' 68 rrJSu! !f iuurlulsn,rrd 1!!Fs 48l !!ac n'] r1d1!nr :t lunr'hj1l-l lr a.r

a:rhtira4inir r ' lr r lhdu 26% (lSn,rrfi 78 con ti l l !!n: ?B no tit l ! fu! rf i i ,!ftr lgn.lr

d t uno 48t nrrrJSnrtrid.rn.rrirurirrdurrirRd{dd3n!Sr,tf id!!rnlurriavlsnr: (a-sn.lr 4A +

mulch rn: 4A - mul-ch) q;'t; lnahgrdirM{'triunnrir.rdu Iorul rirnr.rFn r cdu zgo nn. t l i ! iru

iir r 0orffu3nnrr rf l l ft i f{ 2 nTurd-rdirRd.r t irr0urdrJgnlnuonlrnirrrh{ (4A + mul-ch ) n:1v"ira

arin$rnirnrrU6rndrrdur \oa'lr i inrrnsnh{ (aA - mu.Lch) 6i 22,6 talr 87 nn.l1r' rfcrriu

106 nn . /1 ; ) n r : l ]6 rnu" r r I r rn ' :Sn1r !ens ' ' r? Innnr rn" ru i i r r ;ua , { lSnr r 7A) ac1r iuarAno" r r -

tnn$rnrrnrnJ5rno"r rlnanrroirudr rou? llsn'rr 5A + mul-ch !rn: 5A - mutch) ,i?un1r!nn

dr r 0ur rflufidflda.rnrr.i.rd.r u-,r rlraa ('lSn,rr 5A .t nulch !!n' 5A - rnulch ) iirrdurdUgnlouft

nlrnSoll-r (5A + mulch) a:'tu"laorin$r nrr nr rrJgrnrir r 0ur Inulrif inrrapl4r.r (5A - rnulch)

6{ 59% tq ' rn 5e nn . l ' t i rqhr0u sz nn . /1 ; ) n l r l i f t Ju l ln t !au l las r {od o t -d$ ;u ' r r l f lo qo f r

1u? r lnnicJaahn rf du +1% {l3n'rr 6A t fert !rj luu!f1u!ftJ 6A - fert) tsirdolrrnnrr

n: " qr u un '!! lrrsrJd!0 2528 a"lnnnrr}Jrrn0dairt, 1 r., 'r t Sulr*ti lr,. lu 2528 r rJ3 uu r ?ruurlurir

t ed?rt zstz -zszl, l ld rr a:Frh.r r. luft".r Jr.rri: crlru 1 r t lau d'r winnrr t f ior.intn6'ra! l l inn'r-t

! f iouA.!!r1n! 2528 n'rthrjf{rJgn?i!{nn'rrra9eIatJIn f,n'rr!rSe!Auln'lr;d!ri 'rdnrtn'rf lu vi11#fid

d nnnaldr.r n"uqgl.trr6{ nF1{ q0!.lx$rJauinn oa{ ra"tJr.rrJt rrtrunarr rf iorifuurur 2528 | inFtlutrn

{nun'ivrrqn{nr.iru rhtifidn'lu n lou r eu1 o u'r'}l rhrlr"4unrlrn, r.rarAnfitin aa.r

n.rtrhrrrru:ru1n"qrnaalAnfit irrcja:r:vunT:rJSndd nr:Flnv't tou ' lr l!J"'r r1r ! f l t lr.dn l3n'ts

'U$ns",r 1'111rufln151linr cflua'! ' Iu u! a-r (?B con. t i l l !ra! 78 no ti l l ) a " 1v"or anauunutnt .t

! l i tyj iad.rda 1rodu -?20 u'rr/ ' l i-) lSn1t 3nu"r 1'l inrtn,ldl nr rln nrurir dr r do r f lu{uirt ldtr$a cfi

m r ne$41{'[uri" 'r ?'1: (2 + rnulcb ) a,lriarnnouururrr rrlrv3iarf,{o (-1,748 ulyl/-tt} n']t

t lnw.r\ aultl i tr idr rf luudn lsnTrrJSndrRdrnrrrirutirt0urlouinrrnlu"hrlurtradr (q + rnulch)

az l faanouuml$r {n t -20 nn . l l t t d i l . r l snr t r .J6n i f rhd{n t !o " ' ru i i r t0ur \nu f in r :n3urhr f i t1u

drhdrua'rfrrdur (4A + mufch) a"tiaanausvrurirnir t-320 u'rn/l i) n1tflmflInu1tfirrtrn

!Su dn aSn,r: arnri,r r ir.rauqlr.rrizu lirr: r a; I aufin r r aflrv{r.r'!uu"'r rtraa ( 7A) a : lrirracrourwru$r { o

{-719.9 uTr/' lr) lsnr:rJgna"r rfun \ a ulnr :!gno'r r lnnnr rnad.l nt t ' ln nauriuttr rir r do r f ir{ufit i

do !n1rnorlvh{ ua"1di{u1uu"rrb'ra (6A + fert) a "lr l laran ouurnrdr{n ( -1,78!.8 u'ln/'Ir l

ntrindtaanorlvn:nr.r rcrtuSflr\nu'lr if ladrr:. lrrurrn"vl 't{u'rr\aoia'ir tf luzo.r r nuntns ! or | f lvnl

n:finon ' i-rtr1r ogjrir .r d'.r ' t a'ud a.r1i 'tunr rr rd 3,4 ua" 5

4 3 3

qrnnlrtlme'ro 2528 r du I rtur:uunr rrJ3nfit lrruliaau donoo.rfi?ll lRslsn1 6nfiri1urvwrir.r l a " lriar anolunuoir.r 1 rlu nrr'dl;n;ir r'.J.r an"r d{ Frra'rusinnr n? o.r aarAnnrr!;'ornr:ratriu

lnJoo{imJnrnr!a-.irrr:r6onrJ3rr.l l thl0a$a'ISn,tr ' lurl uriout-r' l :ForlqrnnlrtlrnJlng.!d 15n1r!0n

IirFd{nrNa'rurfrrtu?lruflnltapr .t.tdnr,t 500 nn./ ' lr ' 1uii lhd.t a "'Ir iaan olururr I I r\ruinrd.l

{a un'a:' lr ifrnr:Flnwr6raraoarn,rrrJ5tnfiriuria"r"uu1urir,!; ' t.r 1 "!ur- su su.t 16n;o'lU

ranf,,li01\ra\:

InSui' lnr !aucln, qr"'?ra r'r0nruuf, o"nrru pua?nrti uao 1n-uari r}sdnn. 2523. n,trf iftr.]

d'n:Tnr:1d{dqn4*rfiurdarJolfiunr:d;irri&naruso{tluuudlrldarnrlu. r,r ur 1unl rrJt s{}.Jra1-r

, lr irn'rr narlf:-midau nrt-rd 1 nrrn{omfif iu nlrltr?{ (rnrnr!!a!dr-rnrd rau"r 14-25.

dntruuqw narluqj, ohf n,t?rlr,rCl !ray {r r-mtri dunt r '&n. 2525. n,t:4An!".r2lnoluii!{a!1n

tior touls-tri lnrr:ru. ,tr:dr r ol r"rnjf iu rn 'u=r Ofi 2 eduf{ a ! rJ,u. uu -!Ful uu 2525.

ra r ] r ros- tz ,+ .

{aud rrntiCinfi,brur, arfnJ {unfraSry{o, runrftyrrj lnnruui, ttrari iusnlnri ua: @qin

drs fsnlr. 2523. n1rfi{rar unr rolr-miln: don'tI h,! rj i f i lyttrl rdo.rn"u r.rri 605-650.

d?"d6 VryO. 2527. [f lnfinn1r!f;]r. la^Rofiri ' lruudaau. !and,tryll-rlr l.tnlr lnrlnrrrinurd?n-r

t donr : r nun: ar n rr.rda nrrybru,rdfiu nr lrr 2{ ! fiuoi !!a cdunrd ul'r 2 1 .

arlud' 0usrr t"ni, ivrtitral r dr iurJ.rrir, dr?Fl r1q8, 1r: A.rurln, raolra lanf ua" q#!

!S!nFrd. 2525. f ir in: '6raritd rurur td!d.Mt'un,r rJll{ t\u1ur !! l ln1fUgnfid !!a!r,. lAn,trl3n

nr v flu lSian1 il i .t i -! f iu1ur :lu nr r r.13nfiduufiaau . t.tu..trun.trJl34rm1{ld,tnrr naIulfrni

d6 l n :u&srdAl n rsyr t2 { ! r run5r lA :dr - rn rd uu ' r 140-15r r ! !n r 398-415.

L i n d s t r o m , M . J . ; G u p t a , S . C . ; o n s t a d , C . A . ; L a r s o n , W . E . a n d H o l t , R . F . 1 9 7 9 .

T iL Iage and c rop res idue e f fec ts on so i l corn be l t . J . So i f and Water

C o n s e r v . 3 r r ( 2 ) : 8 0 - 8 2 .

Logan, J.M. 1968. The design of earth work structure for soil conservatioD in

Eastern Ne! , r South Wa. Ies . Par t IV-Banks J . So i .L Cons. Serv . N.S. I . l . 24(3) :

1 8 5 - 2 0 9 .

Mars ton , D . and Doy le , A .D . , 1978 . S tubb le re ten t i on sys tems as so i l conse r -

va t i on managemen t p rac t i ces . J . So i . I Conse rv . 34 (4 ) r 207 -217 .

Mayer , t .D , and Manner ing , J .V . 1963. Crop res idues as sur face mulchs fo r

contro.l--I ing erosion in sloping fand under inteDsive cropping. Trans.

A . S . A . I l . 6 : J J 2 - 3 3 3 . 3 2 i -

Wiscirmeier, A.M. 1973. Conservation t i l - lage to control water erosion. Pro-

ceed ings o f Na t . Conse rv . T i l l , age Con f . l 4a rch 1973 . I owa , U .S .A .

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