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ALÒ JFT V[ K[ S[ HIFZ[ V<,FCGL GFOZDFGL SZJFGM .ZFNMYFI tIFZ[ V[GL 5[NF SZ[,L HDLGDF\ G ZCMP SFZ6S[ VF JFT 56 ;FZLGYL ,FUTL S[ T[GL AGFJ[,L HDLG K[ T[DF\ ZCLG[ T[G]\H SC[J]\ DFGJFDF\G VFJ[P

+LÒ JFT ChZT .A|FCLD sZCPfV[ OZDFJL HIFZ[ TDMV<,FCGL ZMÒ BFJF DHA]Z KM4T[GL HDLG 5Z ZC[JF DHA]Z KM TMV[J]\ SZM U]GFC UD[ T[ ÝSFZGM CMI V[JL HuIFV[ H.G[ SZM HIF\

9


TDMG[ SM. Ô[. G XS[ VG[ VF 56 XSI GYLP ;FZ] GYL ,FUT]\ S[ TD[V[GL 5[NF SZ[,L ZMÒ BFVM4 V[GL AGFJ[,L HDLGDF\ ZCM 5KL V[G[ATFJLG[ U]GFC SZM m VFJ]\ AL,S], RF,L XST] GYLP

RMYL JFT U]GFCYL ARJF DF8[GL VG[ NLGNFZ AGJFGL OZDFJLS[ HIFZ[ TDFZL 5F;[ D,S],DF{T ~C ,[JF VFJ[ tIFZ[ V[GFYL SC[Ô[ S[DG[ YM0MS ;DI VF5 H[YL C]\ TF{AF SZL ,p\ VG[ YM0LS G[SLVM SZL,p V[G[ HZF 56 DMC,T D/JFGL GYL HIFZ[ VF8,]\ GYL Y. XST]\S[ DF{TG[ YM0LJFZ DF8[ 5FK]\ B;[0LG[ TF{AF SZL ,[ TM 5KL AGFJ8LNLGNFZL 5Z K]8SFZFGL pdDLN VFXF ,UFJLG[ S[D A[;L ZCIF KMP m

5F\RDL JFT V[ OZDFJL S[ U]GFCMYL G ARJFGF \ SFZ6[SIFDTGF\ lNJ;[ HIFZ[ OlZxTF TDMG[ NMhBDF\ GF\BJF ,. ÔI TMTDM V[DGF\ ;FY[ G HXM VG[ VF 56 XSI GYLP TM 5KL GÔT GLVFXF ZFBL S[D A[9F KMP VF 5F\R JFTM 5Z VF56[ wIFG VF5LX]\ TMU]GFCM K]8JFG]\vKM0JFG]\ VF;FG Y. HX[P HIFZ[ U]GFCM K]8L HX[tIFZ[ BZF VY"DF\ NLGNFZL D/X[ H[GF\ SFZ6[ HgGTGM Z:TM DMS/MY. HX[P

O]h{, lAG VIFh sZCPfV[ OZDFjI]\ S[ DF6; 5MTFGF\ ÔC[ZLVD,G[ 36F ;DÒG[ VUtIGF U]GFCM E],L ÔI K[P VG[ 5MTFGLÔTG[ S\. ;DH[ tIFZ[ .a,L; SC[ K[ C]\ SFDLIFA Y. UIM DFZ[ VFJUZ ALH]\ S\. G Ô[.V[P

S]VF"G XZLOYL DF,]D 50[ K[ S[ D];,DFG YJF DF8[ sNLGNFZAGJF DF8[f A[ J:T] H~ZL K[P V[S .:,FD VG[ ALH]\ .DFG H[D S[;]ZV[ C]H]ZFTDF\ V[S DF{SF 5Z VD]S UFDl0IFVMGF VG];\WFGDF\OZDFjI]\ S[ T[D6[ SCI] S[ VDM .DFG ,FjIF4 V<,FC5FS[ OZDFjI]\ S[V[ Z;], ;PVPJP V[DG[ SCL NM TDMG[ CH] .DFGGL CSLST 5|F%T GYLY. V[8,[ VFJ]\ SCM S[ VD[ .:,FD ,. VFjIF V[8,[ S[ .DFGGL H[CSLST K[ T[ CH] TDFZF lN,MDF\ GYL pTZL4 DF+ ÔC[ZL TFA[NFZL SZLP

V[DGL CF,T V[ CTL S[ V[D6[ .:,FDGM :JLSFZ SIM" K[PGDFh4ZMhF H[JF VD,M SZJF ,FuIF CTF TM OZDFjI]\ S[ VF CH]

10


.:,FDGM DSFD K[P .DFGG] :YFG TM CH] V[GFYL VFU/ K[PS]VF"G XZLODF\ ;]ZV[ ASZCDF\ V<,FC5FS[ .ZXFN OZDFJ[ K[

S[ C[ .DFGJF/FVM .:,FDDF\ 5]Z[5]ZF NFB, Y. ÔVMPVFH[ ;DU| ;DFH V7FGTFDF\ ;50FI[,M K[ GlO,M T:ALCM

JU[Z[ V<,FCGL IFN SM. SZ[ K[ TM 36LH ;FZL JFT K[ VG[[ NZÔTp\RF SZGFZL K[P

5Z\T] VFH[ ;DFHGL BZFAL VlCIF ;]WL 5CM\RL U. S[ V[SDF6; H [ D:ÒNGM 36M 5FA \N K [ OZÔ [ l;JFI GlO,M4lT,FJTvT:ALCGM 36M 5FA\N K[P ;DFHGF\ ,MSM VFJF DF6;G[ HNLGNFZ U6[ K[P E,[G[ T[GL D:ÒN ACFZGL Ò\NUL UD[ T[JL CMIP

EF.VM IFN ZFBM BZ[BZ 8LSFG[ 5F+ VFJMH DF6; K[ H[D:ÒNDF\ TM VFJ[ K[ TM Ô6[ J,L ;LOT K[ 5Z\T] V[ lJ,FITG[ ,.G[ACFZ GLS/TM GYLP D:ÒNDF\ TM .:,FDL 5C[ZJ[X 5C[ZLG[ VFJ[ K[5Z\T] ACFZ GLS/LG[ NZJFH[ H V[ l,AF; D]SL ÔI K[P

.:,FDDF\ 5]Z[5]ZF NFB, Y. ÔVM V[G]\ GFD .:,FD K[P VFH[V[S NLGNFZ GDFhLYL V[GM 50MXL ;,FDTLDF\ GYL H[D S[ 50MXLGF\CS lJX[ p5Z Ô^I]\P

V[S NLGNFZ GDFhLGL h]AFGvCFYYL ALÔ ,MSM 5Z[XFG K[PNLGNFZ GDFhL 5MTFGL ;UL AC[GG[ T[GM JFZ;FUT CS GYL VF5TMPD:ÒN ACFZ T[GM jIJCFZ VG[ JT"6}S ;FZL GYLP NLGNFZ GDFhLYL;UF;A\WLVM BF; SZLG[ DF\vAF5 56 5Z[XFG K[P V[GF\YL ZFÒGYLP D:ÒN ACFZ T[GL VFNT H]94ULAT4R]U,L RMZLGL K[P H]UFZGLK[P

D:ÒNDF\ TM J,L 5Z\T] ACFZGL Ò\NULDF\ ULZM HDLGM ,.G[CZFDGL VFJS BF. ZCIM K[P jIFH] W\WM SZ[ K[P VFJF ALÔ 36FU]GFCMDF\ V[S NLGNFZ U6FTM DF6; ;50FI[,M K[P T[ KTF\ 56 OSTD:ÒNGM 5FA\N T[DH GlO, T:ALCFTGF\ ,LW[ VFJF DF6;MG[ NLGNFZSC[J]\ S[8,] IMuI U6FX[m

EF.VM IFN ZFBM ACFZGF\ ÒJGGF\ jIJCFZ VG[ ;FDFlHS

11


ÒJG XZLVT ÝDF6[ CMI E,[G[ 5KL GlO,M JU[Z[ G CMI T[ DF6;BZM NLGNFZ K[P

CNLØ XZLODF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ TDM SFlD, D];,DFG GYL AGLXSTF HIF\ ;]WL TDFZF CFYvh]AFGYL D];,DFG DCO]h G ZC[P

;]ZV[ ASZC ~S]V !_ sN;fDF\ V<,FC5FS IC]NLVMGL l;OTsS}8[JMf AIFG OZDFJ[ K[ S[ X]\ TDM V<,FCGL lSTFAGF\ VD]S C]SDMDFGM KM VG[ VD]SGM .gSFZ SZM KM m

VFJF ÝSFZGL ALÒ 36L JFTM K[ H[DF\ ë0F.YL lJRFZJFG]\ K[ S[X]\ IC]NLVMGL l;OT VF56F\ V\NZDF\ TM GYL VFJL U.G[ m SC[JFTMNLGNFZ GDFÒ DF6; D:ÒNDF\ S[JM ZC[ K[ VG[ ACFZ S[JM ZC[ K[P Ô[VFJ]\ K[ TM ;DHM S[ VF56F V\NZ IC]NLVMGL ;LOT VFJL U.P TMIFN ZFBM VFJF V<,FC 5FSGF UhA 5FD[,FVMGL ;hFDF\ V<,FC5FS VFU/ OZDFJ[ K[ S[ N]lGIFDF\ V5DFlGT SZX[ VG[ SIFDTDF\;bT VhFADF\ WS[,L N[X[P V<,FC TVF,F TDFZF SDM"sSFIM"f AZFAZÔ6[ K[P

VFH[ SC[JFTF ;FZF DF6;M NLGNFZMDF\ H V[8,M C;N SLGMEZ[,M K[ S[ ALÔG[ C<SM N[BF0JFGL lOSZDF\ ZC[ K[ VYJF VFU/ GJWL ÔI V[GL lOSZDF\ ZC[ K[P

V[S GDFhL B[TZ[ ÔI K[ 56 tIF\ GDFhGL CSLST ;FY[ G ,.HJFGF SFZ6[ ALÔGL HDLGYL OFINM p9FJL ,[ K[P J[5FZL GDFhL H]9]\AM,LG[ VYJF WMSM VF5LG[ NUM SZ[ K[P GMSZLIFT GDFhL 5MTFGMOZH VNF SZJFDF\ 36L ;]:TL ATFJ[ K[P JBTGL RMZL SZ[ K[P

VFH[ ;DFHDF\ U6FTF NLGNFZMGL VF CF,T Ô[JF D/[ K[PUFDDF\ VYJF B[TZDF\ 5MTFGL 50MXLGL HDLG NAFJL ,[ K[PTFSFTJF/M NLGNFZ TFSFTGF\ A/ VG[ 5{;FJF/M NLGNFZ 5{;FGF\ A/ALÔ 5Z H]<D SZ[ K[P VFU/ JW] H]<D TM V[ K[ S[ VFJF DM8FvDM8FSALZF U]GFCM SZJF KTF\ OST D:ÒN S[ GlO, .AFNTMGF\ SFZ6[;DFH V[G[ NLGNFZ ;DH[ K[P VFH[ D]l:,D ;DFHDF\ NLGNFZMG[ 9[;5CM\RF0GFZL J:T]\ UF/M EF\0JL K[P GFGFvDM8F DZNvVMZTM A[OFD

12


B]<,L DM8L DM8L UF/M AM,[ K[P VF AW] KTF\ NLGNFZP CNLØDF \ T MVFJ[ K[ S[ D];,DFGG[ UF/ VF5JL U]GFCG]\ SFD K[P EF.VM IFN SZL<IM NLGNFZM SIFDTDF\ HIFZ[ T[DG]\ VFDF,GFD]\ Ô[X[ tIFZ[ T[DF\5MTFGL SM. G[SL G H6FX[ tIFZ[ 5]KX[ S[ VFDF\ DFZL O,F6L G[SL TM K[GCL tIFZ[ T[ NLGNFZG[ SC[JFDF\ VFJX[ TFZL ULATvUF/M V[ AWLG[SLVM BF. U.P

H[YL EF.VM SFDLIFAL D[/JJL CMI TM D:ÒNGL NLGNFZL;FY[ ACFZGL NL\GNFZL 56 V5GFJJL 50X[P SFZ6 RMbB] K[ S[NLGNFZLGF\ WMSFDF\ ZC[JFYL ACFZGF\ ÒJGDF\ XZLVT ÝDF6[ GZC[JFYL lSIFDTDF\ G[SLVM ALÔGF\ BFT[ R-FJL N[JFDF\ VFJX[P H[YLBZL NLGNFZL V5GFJMP

VFH[ JBT V[JM K[ S[ SCL N[J] \ ALÔV[ ;F\E/L ,[J] \ T[DHJF\RLG[ ÝtIF3FT VF5L N[JM 36]\H ;C[,] K[P 5Z\T] HIFZ[ SC[GFZ VYJF,BGFZGF\ 3Z[ SM. Ý;\U VFJ[ K[ VYJF ALH]\ S.S 56 VFJ[ K[ tIFZ[NLGNFZL Ô[JF D/TL GYLP VG[ T[H A[NLGL SM.GL VF0 VYJF ACFGFC[9/ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P NLGNFZL G[ ;F.0 p5Z D]SL N[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

CF,F\S[ V[H ,[BM ,BGFZ S[ TSZLZM SZGFZ SMDGL .:,FC DF8[.:,FC[ D]VFXZFGF\ GFD[ ,MSMG[ DFU"NX"G 5]Z] 5F0TF CTFP V[JF 36F\NFB,F Ô[JF D/X[P XFNLGF\ Ý;\U[ SMDGF\ Z[C[G]DFHsVFU[JFGMHfZLJFÔ[ DF\ 0]AL ÔI K[P TM 5KL VFGL V;Z X]\ 50X[ m

V[ JFT V,U K[ S[ TDM E,F.GM C]SD SZM VG[ A]ZF.G[ ZMSME,[ TDFZM V[GF\ p5Z VD, G CMI SFZ6 V[H S[ SC[TF\ SC[TF\XZDDF\ TDFZ[ V[ SFD SZJ] \ 50X[P 5Z\T] NLGNFZL EF.VM NZ[SCF,TDF\ H~ZL K[P VF56[ 5C[,F\ VD, SZLX]\ TM ALÔG[ SC[JFGLlC\DT YX[ VG[ ;FDFJF/F 5Z V;Z YX[P

VFH[ ZLJFH 5]ZM SZJF DF8[ Ô[ SM.GL 5F;[ 5{;F GCL CX[ TM56 UD[ tIFYL A\NMA:T SZL ,FJX[P 5Z\T] T[GF\ p5Z VYJF DC]"DAF5 p5Z SZH CX[ TM T[GL lOSZ SZX[ GlCP

NLGNFZL DF8[ lGID K[ S[ AF5GF\ DZL UIF 5KL V[GF\ KM0[,F

13


DF,DF\ SZH R]ST[ SZL N[JFDF\ VFJ[ E,[G[ T[GL AWL lD<ST 5]ZL Y.ÔI VG[ HIF\ ;]WL AF5G]\ SZH R]ST[ GCL\ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ tIF\ ;]WLDZGFZGL ~CG[ HgGT GF\ NFB,FYL V8SFJL N[JFDF\ VFJX[P

VFH[ 36L VF{,FN H[GL U6TZL NLGNFZMDF\ YFI K[P 5Z\T]AF5GF\ DF,DF\ XZLVTGM C]SD B]6FDF\ D]SL NLWM K[P CF,F\S[ SZHVF5TF\ ;]WL G TM DLZF;GF\ C]SD ,FU] 50X[ G TM J;LiIT ,FU]50X[P

Z;],]<,FC s;PVPJPf TM VFJF DF6;GL HGFhFGL GDFh 56G 5-FJTF CTFP H[GF\ p5Z SZHGM AMH CMI VG[ OZDFJTF S[ TDM5MT[ V[GL GDFh 5-L <IMP

VF V[8,F DF8[ S[ ,MSM BM8M BR" V[8,[ H~ZT JUZ SZH G ,[VF J:T] TM NLGNFZLG[ G]SXFG 5CM\RF0GFZL T[DH BM8] \ SZHV5DFlGT SZGFZ]\ H K[P VFH[ NLGNFZM V<,FCGL lSTFA S]VF"GXZLOGL lT,FJT B]A SZ[ K[ 5Z\T] T[ VFITMYL 36F\ N]Z K[P V[SNLGNFZ ALÔG[ V<,FCGL IFN V5FJ[ K[P 5Z\T] 5MT[ V<,FCG[ E],LA[9M K[P V[S NLGNFZ ALÔG[ V<,FC TZO VFJJFGL NFJT VF5[ K[P5Z\T] T[ 5MT[ T[GF\YL N]Z EFU[ K[P

NLGNFZMDF\ VF JFT 5|Rl,T Y. U. K[ S[ .:,FDGF\ 5F\RVZSFGMDF\ H VFlBZTGL E,F. SFlDIFAL K[ V[ VNF SZL ,[JFYLHgGT 5|F%T Y. HX[P VFGF\ SFZ6[ H VF56[ ,MS;[JF T[DH A\NFGF\CÞM ÝtI[ hFh]\ wIFG VF5TF GYLP ;FDFÒS jIJCFZDF\ JBTMvJBTNLGNFZM DF8[ Ý;\UM ;FD[ VFJ[ K[ T[JF ;DI[ 56 D:ÒNGL NLGNFZL;FD[ ZFBJL Ô[.V[PV<,FC5FS 56 VF G;LCT VF5[ K[ S[ / ITLDMGF\ D]VFD,FDF\ .g;FOYL SFD ,MP/ DF5vTM,DF\ 56 5]Z[5]ZF .g;FOYL SFD <IMP/ D];,DFG BFTZ .g;FOYL UJFCL VF5JF T{IFZ ZCMP/ N:TFJ[H ,BGFZF 56 .g;FOYL SFD ,[P

VFD4 36F\ Ý;\UM ACFZGF\ ÒJGDF\ VFJ[ tIFZ[ NLGNFZL ;FD[

14


ZFBLG[H VFU/ SND D]SJM Ô[.V[PH]VM 5MTFGL .AFNTM4GDFhM4ZMhF4lhÊ JU[Z[GL DxU]l,IT

VF56G[ WMSFDF\ G D]SL N[PACFZGL Ò\NUL DF\ jIJCFZ lJX[ 36L RMS;F.YL SFD ,[J]\

50X[P ALÔVM ;FY[ H[ BZFA JT"G YI]\ CX[P E,[ T[ UD[ T[ ÝSFZYLCMI T[ T[GL DFOL l;JFI SNF5L DFO GlC YFIP

ChZT VA] C]ZIZC sZNLPf C]h]Z [ VSN; s;PVPJPf YLlZJFIT SZ[ K[ S[ VF5 s;PVPJPf V[ V[S JBT[ ;CFAFYL OZDFjI]\ S[X]\ TDM Ô6M KM S[ S\UF,sD]Ol,;f SM6 K[ m ;CFAFVMV[ VZH SZLS[ VDM D]Ol,; T[G[ ;DÒV[ KLV[ S[ H[GL 5F;[ ~l5IF S[ 5{;F G CMIPVF ;F\E/L C]h]Z s;PVPJPf V[ ;DÔjI]\ S[ DFZL pdDTDF\ ;FRMD]Ol,;sS\UF,f T[ K[ H[ lSIFDTGF\ lNJ;[ GDFh4ZMhF4hSFT ,.G[VFJX[P sD:ÒNGF\ H VD,M JW] 50TF CX[f V[8,[ S[ ZMhF 56 ZFbIFCX[ GDFhM 56 5-L CX[4 hSFT 56 VNF SZL CX[P VF AW] CMJF KTF\HIFZ[ lSIFDTGF\ D[NFGDF\ VFJX[ TM sACFZGF\ ÒJGfDF\ SM.G[ UF/VF5L CX[4 SM.GF\ p5Z TMCDT D]SL CX[4 SM.GM DF, GFCS BFWMCX[4 SM.G]\ GFCS B]G SI]" CX[ TM lSIFDTDF\ O[\;,M H[ YX[ T[ T[GLZC[6LvSZ6L ÝDF6[ YX[P G[SLVM CÞNFZMGF\ CÞ ÝDF6DF\ JC[\RLN[JFDF\ VFJX[P HIFZ[ G[SLVM 5]ZL Y. HX[ TM CÞNFZMGF\ U]GFCM T[GF\DFY[ R0FJL N[JFDF\ VFJX[P VG[ V\T[ T[G[ NMhBDF\ GF\BJFDF\ VFJX[P

Ô[I]\ VF CF,T K[ AGFJ8L NLGNFZLGL OST GDFh4ZMhF SFDGCL\ ,FU[ ;FY[v;FY[ 3Z[,]\ T[DH ;DFH ;M;FI8LG]\ ÒJG XZLVTÝDF6[ ZFBJ]\ 50X[P Ô[ VFJ]\ GCL\ SZLV[ TM VF56L D:ÒNGL DC[GTALÔGF\ BFT[ R-FJL N[JFDF\ VFJX[P VFH[ NLGNFZL Ô6[ OST GDFh5]ZTL VG[ NF-LDF\H ZCL U. K[P

ChZT ;]lOIFG ;F{ZL sZCPf OZDFJTF CTF S[ TDM ;L¿[Zs*_fGFOZDFGLVM V<,FCGL SZM T[GF\ D]SFA,FDF\ V[S GFOZDFGL A\NFG[TS,LO VF5GFZL SZM TM VF U]GFC 36M DM8M K[P

DLZF;4JFZ;F.GF\ DFD,FDF\ TM NLGNFZLGF\ NFJM SZGFZF

15


5LZvOSLZ4VF,LDvhFlC, 36F\ VF D];LATDF\ ;50FI[,F K[PEF.VM VF VlT DCtJGL JFT K[ NLGNFZL SMG[ SC[JFI VG[ NLGNFZSMG[ SC[JFI T[ Ô6MvVM/BMP VF AW]\ YJFG]\ SFZ6 GO;GL TDgGFVM5]ZL SZJ]\ K[P

ChZT VA] D]C\DN sZCPf OZDFJTF S[ ÒCFN N; K[P V[DF\YLV[S TM N]xDG ;FY[GM ÒCFN K[P AFSLGF\ GJs)f ÒCFN 5MTFGF\ GO;;FY[GF\ K[P

VFH SFZ6[ GAL s;PVPJPfV[ N]xDG ;FY[GF\ ÒCFNG[ ÒCFN[V;UZ V[8,[ S[ GFGM lHCFN VG[ GO; ;FY[GF\ ÒCFNG[ ÒCFN[VSAZ V[8,[ S[ DM8M lHCFN TZLS[ U6FjIM K[P VF56L Ò\NULGM JW]EFU 5;FZ Y. UIM G N]lGIFGF\ ZCIF G VFlBZTGF\ ZCIFP JLT[,F\JØM"GM lC;FA VF5JFGL 30LVM GÒS VFJL ZCL K[P tIFZ[ VF56]\ÒJG BZL NLGNFZL 5Z D]SL N.V[P SFZ6 S[ 5]KJFDF\ VFJX[ H[D S[;]ZV[ OFlTZDF\ K[ S[ o

—— X]\ VDMV[ TDMG[ V[8,L ëDZ VF5L G CTL m H[DF\ TDMG;LCT CF\;L, SZL ,[TFP Ô[ TDM G;LCT U|C6 SZJF DF\UTF CMTVG[ TDMG[ 0ZFJGFZ4R[TJGFZ 56 VFJL UIF CTFP ˜˜

VF R[TJGFZ SM6 m ,F\AL ëDZ D/L CMI VYJF ;O[N JF/,F\AL ëDZGL RF0L BFI K[P T[ SC[ K[ S[ CJ[ R[TL ÔJ Ò\NUL 5]ZL Y.ZCL K[ VG[ DMT TM HJFGL DF\ 56 VFJL XS[ K[P VF AW]\ .A|T K[H[YL ÒJG XZLVT VG];FZ 5]Z[5]Z]\ V5GFJLV[P

DF6; 5MTFGL .AFNTDF\ GDFh4ZMhF4Cý4hSFTG[ AÔJL ,FJ[5Z\T ] ALÔ .:,FDGF \ C ]SDM G AÔJ[ ALJLGF \ CÞM VNF GSZ[4AC[GMG[ JFZ;F. CÞ G VF5[4DF\vAF5 ;FY[ IMuI JTF"J GSZ[4AF/SMGL TZALITGL SF/Ò G ,[450MXLVM ;FY[ XZLVT ÝDF6[G JT[ " VFJM DF6; E,[G[ 5MTFG[ NLGNFZ ;DH[4.AFNT U]ÔZDFG[45ZC[HUFZ DFG[4 D]Al<,U DFG[ 5Z\T] CSLSTDF\ T[ ;FRM NLGNFZGYL4;FRM .AFNT U]ÔZ GYL4 D]Al<,U GYL S[ ;FRM 5ZC[HUFZGYLP

16


VFTM V[S VF\W/F DF6;GL JFTF" H[J]\ YI]\ S[ VF\W/M DF6;CFYLG[ 5S0[ K[ T[GM CFY CFYLGF\ H[ EFU p5Z 50IM T[ D]HA T[6[CFYLG]\ lR+ VF\SI] VG[ VF56[ VF\W/FGL JFT ;F\E/LG[ T[GL DÔSp0FJLV[ KLV[P

VF p5ZYL ;FRL JFT SCLV[ TM H[GF CFYDF\ .:,FDGL H[AFAT VFJL T[G[H T[VM .:,FD ;DÒ A[9F K[P VG[ ALÒ AFATMG[JW] DCtJ VF5TF GYLP NZ[S[ S[8,LS BF; J:T]VM 5]ZTM H .:,FDG[DIF"lNT AGFJL NLWMP

BZF VY"DF\ NLGNFZ AGLX]\ TM lAGD]:,LDMG[ .:,FDGL NFJTDF8[ V;ZSFZS ;FlAT X] \P .:,FD N]xDG TFSTM DF8[ 56 V[SG;LCT ;FlAT YX[ H[ ZFTvlNJ; .:,FD DF8[ h[CZL,M ÝRFZ SZ[ K[P

VFH[ VF56[ U[ZD]l:,DMYL XZLVTGF\ ZÙ6GL JFTM SZLV[KLV[ T[DGFYL XZLVTG]\ DFG Ô/JJF SCLV[ 5Z\T] VF56[ D];,DFGY.G[ 5MT[H VF56L XZLVTGL S[8,L DIF"NF Ô/JLV[ KLV[ T[lJRFZJF H[JL JFT K[P

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NLGNFZLGL VM/B DF6;GF\ :JEFJ T[DH JFTRLT 5ZYL 56YFI K[P S[8,F\S NLGNFZMGL EFØFH V[JL CMI K[ H[ JFTRLT NZlDIFGTMK0F.YL JT[" K[P V5XaNM AM,[ K[P GÒJL JFTDF\ 56 V[JF XaNM

17


AM,[ K[ S[ H[ ;FDFJF/FGL TS,LOG]\ SFZ6 AG[ K[PZ;],]<,FC s;PVPJPfG]\ TM OZDFG K[ S[ HgGTDF V[JF DF/ K[P

H[GF\ V\NZGF\ EFUDF\YL ACFZGM EFU VG[ ACFZGF\ EFUDF\YLV\NZGM EFU N[BFI K[P V[S N[CFTLV[sUFDl0IFV[f 5]KI] IFZ;],]<,FC s;PVPJPf V[ SMGF DF8[ K[P TM OZDFjI]\ S[ H[ DF6; ;FZLZLT[ JFTRLT SZTM CMI T[GF\ DF8[ K[P ;FZL JFT C\;TF DM-[ SZJL ;NSMK[P H[YL NLGNFZ DF6; TM T[GF\ AM, T[DH :JEFJYL 56 VM/BFIK[P VF5;GL N]xDGL C;NvVN[BF. VF J:T]VM VF56L NLGNFZLG[DM8]\ G]S;FG 5CM\RF0[ K[P V[GF\YL NLGGM GFX V[ ZLT[ YFI K[ H[JL ZLT[V:+M JF/ ;FO SZL GF\B[ K[P

p,DF OZDFJ[ K[ S[ ;F{YL 5C[,M U]GMC VF;DFGvHDLGDF\ H[YIM T[ C;NvVN[BF.GL ,LW[ H YIMP

ChZT .aG[ D:pN sZNLPf OZDFJ[ K[ S [ TDM V<,FCGLG[VDTM ;FY[ N]xDGL G ZFBMP SM.V[ 5]KI]\ S[ V<,FCGL G[VDT ;FY[N]xDGL V[8,[ X]\ m HJFA VF%IM S[ G[VDTGL ;FY[ N]xDGL V[8,[G[VDTGM N]Z p5IMU SZJM VG[ ALÔG[ VF G[VDT D/L CMI TM T[GF\,LW[ C;NvVN[BF. SZJLP C;NvVN[BF. NLGNFZMG[ XMETL GYLPXMEF N[GFZL J:T] TM ;FZF VB,FS K[P DF6;GL NLGNFZLGL V[GFYL HBAZ 50L ÔI K[P

C]h]Z s;PVPJPfYL 5]KJFDF\ VFjI]\ S[ S. VFNT V[JL K[ H[DF6;G[ HgGTDF\ ,. ÔI K[ m OZDFjI]\ S[ V<,FCGM 0Z VG[ ;FZFVb,FSP ALÒ V[S lZJFIT K[ S[ ;FZF Vb,FSJF/F DMlDGG[ lNJ;GF\ZMhF ZFBGFZ VG[ ZFTMGF\ .AFNT SZGFZGM ;JFA D/[ K[P V[JL ZLT[OZDFjI]\ S[ SM. U]GMC V<,FCGF GHNLS BZFA Vb,FSYL ANTZsN]Q8f GYLP

NLGNFZL ;FRF JRGYL 56 BAZ 50L ÔI K[P S]VF"G XZLODF\C]SD K[ S[ JRG VF5M TM 5]ZM SZM RMÞ; SIFDTDF\ TDFZFYL NZ[SJRGGF AFZFDF\ 5]KJFDF\ VFJX[P C]h]Z s;PVPJPf 5MTFGF B]tAFDF\JW] ÝDF6DF\ VF OZDFjIF SZTF CTF S[ H[ 5MTFGF JRGGM 5FA\N GYL

18


V[GM NLG GYLPNLGNFZLGL VM/B C]h]Zs;PVPJPfV[ VF5L K[ OZDFjI] \ S[

SM.GL G[SLGM V\NFÔ[ SZTL JBT[ T[GL GDFh4ZMhCG[ G H]VM sV[8,[S[ OST GDFh ZMhFG[ Ô[.G[ V[GF D]ZLN G AGL ÔVMf A<S[ VF J:T]H]VM S[ HIFZ[ JFT SZ[ TM ;FR] AM,[ HIFZ[ SM. VDFGT V[G[;M5JFDF\ VFJ[ TM 9LS 9LS VNF SZ[ VG[ TS,LO TYF D];LATMGF\lNJ;MDF\ 56 5ZC[hUFZL 5Z SFID ZC[P VF NLGNFZL GYL A<S[D]GFlOSGL lGXFGL K[ S[ JFTDF\ H]9] AM,[4VDFGTDF\ lBIFGT SZ[ VG[JFINM 5]ZM G SZ[P

CNLØM p5ZYL Ô6JF D/[ K[ S[ NLGNFZL DF8[ XZDvCIF 56H~ZL K[P H[GFDF\ CIF GYL V[ SFlD, DMlDG GYLP BZL NLGNFZLDF\CIFvXZD CMI H K[P CIF CX[ TM 5MTFG[ BM8F SFDMYL ARFJX[PVF \B4ÒE45 [84XD "UFCGL lCOFHT SZX [P V<,FCGF Z; ],s;PVPJPfV[ OZDFjI] K[ S[ CIF V[ .DFG GM V[S EFU K[P H[GFDF\CIF GYL T[GFDF\ .DFG GYLP

H[YL NLGNFZLDF\ CIFvXZD H~ZL K[ SFZ6 S[ A[CIF.sA[XDL"fDF6;G[ C<SMvpTZTL SÙFGM AGFJL N[ K[ VG[ XZDvCIF DF6;GL.hhT VG[ NLGNFZL JWFZ[ K[P NLGNFZ AGJF DF8[ VF56[ ;AZ VG[WLZH 56 V5GFJJL 50X[P

VF56F\ ZMÒ\NF ÒJGDF\ VJFZvGJFZ V[JF\ AGFJM AG[ K[ S[S]8]\ADF\4lD+MDF\ JU[Z[ ;FY[ h30M YFI K[ VG[ T[G]\ SFZ6 GÒJ]\ CMIK[P VFJF ;DI[ ;FDFJF/F G[ DFO SZL N[J]\ VG[ DG N]oB TYF DTE[NG[E],L HJ]\ V[ H DM8FDF\ DM8L NLGNFZLGL lGXFGL K[P %IFZF Z;],s;PVPJPfV[ OZDFjI]\ S[ HIF ;]WL TD[ ZCDsNIFf G SZM tIF\ ;]WLTDFZ] .DFG 5}6" GYL Y. XST] V[8,[ S[ NLGNFZ SC[JFGF ,FIS GYLP

Z;],[ SZLDs;PVPJPf V[ +6 JFTM S;D BF.G[ AIFG SZL K[V[S V[ S[ ;NSM VF5JFYL DF,DF 38F0M GYLP H[YL ;NSM SIF" SZMPALH] V[ S[ H[ DF6; SM.GF\ h]<DG[ DFO SZL N[ K[ TM V<,FC TVF,FlSIFDTGF\ lNJ;[ V[GL .hhT JWFZL N[X[P +LH] V[ S[ H[ DF6; ELB

19


DF\ULG[H 5MTFGL ZMÒ SDFJJFGM W\WM AGFJL ,[ K[ TM V<,FCTVF,F V[GF\ p5Z OSLZLGF\sE}BDZFGFf NZJFÔ BM,L N[ K[P

EF.VM NLG 36M H VF;FG K[ H[6[ 56 NLG ;FY[ A/ JF5I]"T[G[ NLG[ CZFJL NLWM ;DÔ[P VF GFH]S ;DI K[ VG[ CNLØ VG];FZVFJF GFH]S ;DIDF\ NLG 5Z RF,GFZG[ 5RF; H[8,F G[S VD,M 5ZVD, SZGFZ H[8,M ;JFA D/X[P

Z;], s;PVPJPfG]\ OZDFG K[ S[ VFDF, SZJFDF\ pTFJ/ SZMP X]TD[ V[GL ZFC H]VM KM S[ UZLAL VFJL ÔI VG[ TDG[ AW]\ E],FJL N[mX] V[JL DF,NFZLGL ZFC H]VM KM H[ TDG[ BM8F Z:T[ 5CMRF0L N[ mVYJF X] V[JL ALDFZL GL ZFC H]VM KM H[ TDG[ SFDGF G ZFB[ mVYJF X] VRFGS DMTGL ZFC H]VM KM m VYJF X] \ NßÔ,GM.lgTÔZ K[ H[ 36M lOtGFAFh K[ m VYJF lSIFDT VFJJFGL ZFCH]VM KM H[ 36L BMOGFS K[P 5Z\T] VF AW] 5[NF YJF DF8[ lN,GL;OF. H~ZL K[P lN,G[ BM8F lJRFZM T[DH BM8F bIF,MYL ARFJJ]\Ô[.V[ SFZ6S[ ANU]DFGLsBM8M bIF,f U]GMC K[P H[ D];,DFGEF.GL hFlCZL CF,T G[S N[BFI T[GF lJX[ SM. DHA]T N,L, JUZANU]DFGL SZJL CZFD K[P

Z;],]<,FC s;PVPJPfG]\ OZDFG K[ S[ ANU]DFGLYL ARM SFZ6 S[ANU]DFGL H]9L JFT K[ DF6;G[ BZ[BZ NLGNFZ H AGJ]\ CMI TM VFAWL J:T]VM 5Z wIFG ZFBJ] \ 50X[P AFSL N ] lGIFDF \ 5MTFG [CFÒ4SFÒ4GDFhL NLGNFZ SC[J0FJL ,[ VG[ V;, DS;N V<,FCGLZÔD\NL G D[/JL XS[ V[ TM ÒJG VY" JUZG]\ H SC[JFIP

DMlDG p5Z NLGNFZLG]\ ,[A, OL8 SZJF DF8[ S[8,LS ;FDFÒSHJFANFZLVM 56 ZFBJFDF\ VFJL K[P V[SvALÔGF\ CÞMGL ;\EF/ZFBJFGL K[P V[JL H ZLT[ VM,FNGF\ CÞMGL ;\EF/ ZFBJFGL 56HJFANFZLDF\ DFvAF5 5Z 5]Z[ 5]ZL K[P

DF,vNM,T VG[ VJ,FN V[S AFH] DM8L G[VDT K[ TM ALÒAFH] VFH G[VDTM lOtGM 56 K[P H[DS[ V<,FC5FSGM .ZXFN K[ ——TDFZL VM,FN VG[ TDFZM DF, lOtGM K[P ˜˜ N]lGIFDF\ VF56G[ 36F

20


NFB,F Ô[JF D/X[ S[ 36F ,MSMG[ VF G[VDTM D/L KTF 5MTFG[ARFJL XSIF GYLP

VF56L 5MTFGL NLGNFZL DF8[ VJ,FNG[ 56 ;FZL TF,LDMTZlAIT ãFZF ;F,[C VG[ G[S AGFJL NLGNFZ AGFJJL H~ZL K[P.DFGJF/FVMG[ VFN[X 56 K[ 5MTFG[ TYF 5MTFGL VJ,FNG[ NMhBGLVFUYL ARFJM4 NZ[S DF6;G[ T[GF CFY GLR[GF 5{SL 5]K5ZK SZJFDF\VFJX[P

VFH[ VF56[ DFGLV[ KLV[ S[ .:,FD WD" VFBL N]lGIF DF8[VDG4;,FDTL4ZFCT DF8[ VFjIM K[P 5Z\T] VF56[ Ô[.V[ KLV[ T[DD];,DFGvD];,DFG CMJF KTF \ 56 ZFCT R[GDF\ GYL A<S[5Z[XFGLGL Ò\NUL U]ÔZL ZæM K[P VFG] SFZ6 XMWM X] K[ m V[H SFZ6DF,]D 50X[ S[ VF56[ 5MTFGL ÔTG[ D];,DFG TM SCLV[ KLV[ 5Z\T].:,FlDITGM V[S KF\8M 56 VF56FDF\ GYLP VFH[ NLGNFZL VG[D];,DFGL VF56[ GDFh4ZMhFG[ ;DÒ K[P GDFh4ZMhFC VG[ CýGMDS;N H V[ K[ S[ V[GFYL V<,FCGM 0Z 5[NF YFI DB,]SGL ,FU6L5[NF YFI H[GF\ SFZ6[ ALÔVM VF56L D];,DFGL VG[ NLGNFZLYL5Z[XFG G YFI VG[ NZ[SG[ R{G4;]S]GGL Ò\NUL G;LA YFIP

5Z\T] VO;M; VFH[ ALÔVMYL 5Z[XFGLGL X] \ OlZIFN 5MT[VDGv;,FDTLGM WD" V5GFJJFJF/M D];,DFG H V[SALÔGL5FK/ 50[,F K[P

VE64OFl;SM VG[ ANDFXMYL X]\ OlZIFN m 5-[,F4E6[,F4GDFhL4ZMhCNFZ H V[SALÔG[ TS,LO 5CMRF0JF 5FK/ 50[,F K[PV[SALÔGF\ CÞM G[ AZAFN SZJFGL 5FK/ 50[,F K[P D:ÒNDF\VFJLG[ GDFh 5-[ K[P ACFZ GLS/LG[ TZTH 5MTFGF EF.G[ ANGFD4GLRM N[BF0JFDF4 WMSM VF5JFDF VG[ GFÔ.h ZLT[ DF, SDFJFGLlOSZDF\ DXU], K[P

EF.VM SFG BM,LG[ ;F\E/LG[ IFN ZFBM VF56[ lA,S],D];,DFG VG[ NLGNFZ GYL AGL XSTF HIF\ ;]WL ;\5}6" NLG GV5GFJL ,.V[P V<,FCTVF,F GM .ZXFN K[ S[ V[ .DFGJF/FVM

21


V<,FCYL ;\5}6" 0ZLG[ RF,M VG[ sSMlXØ SZM S[f D];,DFG AGLG[DZLV[P DT,A :5Q8 K[ S[ 5]ZM BF{O BF.G[ T[GF\ AWFH C]SDM 5ZRF,M VFJ] G SZM S[ V[GF VD]S C]SDM 5Z RF,M VG[ VD]S C]SDMKM0L NMP

V<,FCGM X]Ê K[ S[ H[6[ SFlD, GAL Z;],[ SZLD s;PVPJPf G[DMS<IF H[D6[ VDMG[ lJUTJFZ D]VFD,FTvD]VFXZTDF\ Ò\NULU]ÔZJFGF\ TZLSF ATFJL NLWFP

D];,DFG[ SM.GFYL ;JF, VG[ ELB DF\ULG[ 5MTFGL Ò\NULU]ÔZJL G Ô[.V[P D];,DFG[ C,F, TZLSFYL H DF, SDFJM Ô[.V[VG[ H~ZTYL JWFZFGF DF,YL ALÔG[ OFINM 5CM\RF0JM Ô[.V[PD];,DFG[ .,FCL SFINF ÝDF6[ H DF, SDFJM Ô[.V[P

EF.VM NLGNFZLGL H0 H[ 5]ZF .:,FDGL ~CsÔGf K[P.b,F; K[ V[8,[ S[ VF56] NZ[S SFD V<,FCGL B]XG]NL DF8[ H CMIV[ JUZ VDFZL ALÒ SM. UZH G CMIP .:,FDGL H0 TM TF{lCN K[5Z\T] TF{lCN .B,F;YL 5}6" YFI K[P CNLØ XZLODF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ H[6[V<,FC DF8[ D]CaAT SZL VG[ V<,FC DF8[ N]xDGL SZL VG[V<,FCGF\ DF8[ NLW] VG[ V<,FCGF\ DF8[ H ZMSI]\ V[6[ 5MTFG]\ .DFGD]SdD, SZL ,LW]P

VFD 56 CNLØ XZLODF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ V<,FC TVF,F TDFZL;]ZTM VG[ TDFZF ANGG[ GYL Ô[TF\ A,S[ TDFZF lN,G[ H]V[ K[P V[8,[NLGNFZL 5Z AN,M VG[ HhFGM D]VFD,M lGiIT VG[ .B,F; ÝDF6[YX[P

C]h]Z s;PVPJPfGM .ZXFN K[ S[ ,MSM TDFZF VFDF,DF\.B,F; 5[NF SZL <IMP V<,FC 5FS T[H VD,M SA], SZX[ H[sNLGNFZLf DF\ .B,F; CX[P

NLGNFZM DF8[ VF56 H~ZL K[ S[ V<,FCGF ;FRF NLGGL ;[JFVG[ NFJTG]\ SFD 56 SZ[P H[D 5MT[ NLGNFZ AGJ]\ H~ZL K[ T[DALÔG[ NLGNFZ AGFJJF DF8[ DC[GTvSMlXØ SZJL 56 H~ZL K[PVFH SFZ6[ pdDTG[ z[Q9 pdDTGM lBTFA VF%IMP DF,]D 50I] S[

22


pdDTDF\ H[ NFJT VG[ ,MSMGL .:,FCGL lOSZ GYL SZTF TM VFOhL,TYL DC~DL ;FY[ BZF VY"DF\ NLGNFZ GYLP S]VF"G XZLOGLVFITo

J ÔlCNC]D lACL lHCFNG SALZF;\NE"DF\ D]O:;LZMG]\ SYG K[ S[4 D]ZFN VFGFYL NFJTM Ta,LU

K[P H [G [ V<,FC TVF,FV[ ÒCFN [ VSAZ ATFjI ] \ P VG[ H [GDFh4ZMhFGL NLGNFZL 5Z VF56[ EZM;M ZFBL D]S[,M K[ T[DF\ 56HZF GHZ SZL ,.V[ S[ V[DF\ S[8,L DHA]TL K[P

VFH[ VF56L GDFhM V[JL K[ S[ VF56G[ G TM ZSFTG]\ EFG ZC[K[ GTM ;]ZTG]\ EFG ZC[ K[P VFYL GDFhM VG[ ALÔ SFDMGL ;]:TLKTF\ 56 NLGNFZ U6FJJ]\ V[ BZ[BZ VF56[ V\WFZFDF\ K[P

GDFh V[JL 5-JL Ô[.V[ S[ B]NFG[ VF56[ Ô[. ZCIF KLV[VYJF VUZ V[D G Y. XS[ TM VMKFDF\ VMK]\ V[8,]\ wIFG H~Z ZFB[S[ B]NF TVF,F VF56G[ Ô[. ZCIM K[P VF8,M bIF, SZJFYL 56.gXFV<,FC VF56L GDFhM ;]WZL HX[ H[ NLGNFZL DF8[ DNN~5YX[P

NLGNFZL V[G[ H SC[JFI S[ D];,DFG 5MTFGL JFTDF\4SFDDF\4,[GN[GDF\ Ò\NULGF NZ[S EFUDF\ V<,FC Z;],GF\ C]SDM 5Z RF,[ Ô[VFGF\ p5Z VD, SZL ,.X]\ TM VFH[ 56 VF56L ÝUlT 5FKL VFJLXS[ K[P 50TLG]\ SFZ6 V[H K[ S[ NLGNFZLGL lGXFGLVM H[ 5C[,F\ CTL T[VFH[ Ô[JF D/TL GYLP

ChZT pDZsZNLPf GL lB,FOTGM HDFGM K[P D];,DFGMGLNLGNFZL Ô[JF DF8[ S{;Z[ ~DGM ZFHN}T VFJL ZCIM K[P T[ VFJLG[D];,DFGMGL GDFhMv.AFNT JU[Z[ GYL Ô[TM A<S[ VFJLG[ H]V[ K[ S[D];,DFGMG]\ J[RJ] S[J]\ K[ m BZLNJ]\ S[J]\ K[ m ,[GvN[G S[JL K[ m JFINFS[JF K[ m HAFGsJF6Lf S[JL K[ m HIFZ[ T[G[ D];,DFGMG[ ;\5}6"56[Ô6L ,LWF 5KL 5MTFGM ZL5M8" ZMDGF ;D|F8G[ VF%IM S[ 5MTFGMNZAFZ AM,FJM C]\ D];,DFGMGF\ lJX[ ZL5M8" ZH] SZLXP

~DGF AFNXFC S{;Z[ T[GF\ D\+LVMG[ V[S+ SIF" ZFH;EF EZF.

23


TM 5[,F 5|lTlGlWV[ ZL5M8" VF%IM T[G[ SCI]\ S[ D[\ D];,DFG SF{DG[GÒSYL Ô[. VG[ V[DGF\ lJX[ A[H XaNM SC] K] S[ T[ SF{D o

,FIBNp J,F I]BNpS[ D];,DFG G SM.G[ WMSM VF5[ K[ S[ VG[ GTM SM.GFYL WMSM

BFI K[P VF ;F\E/TF\H S{;Z[ ~D pEM YIM VG[ SC[JF ,FuIM S[ Ô[BZ[BZVF ;NU]6M D];,DFGMDF\ K[ H[ T[\ AIFG SI]" TM TDM T{IFZ ZCMVF56F N[XG]\ XF;G T[DGF CFYDF\ HX[P

NZAFZLVMV[ Sæ]\ S[ V[G]\ SFZ6 ;DHDF\ VFJT]\ GYL TM S{;Z[Sæ]\ S[ SM.G[ WMSM G VF5JM V[ TM D];,DFGMGL VDFGT K[P VG[SM.GFYL WMSM G BFJM V[ T[DGL l;IF;T K[ VG[ I]lST K[ H[ SF{DDF\56 VF A[ U]6M CX[ T[ SF{D N]lGIFDF\ 5FK/ ZCL XSTL GYLP

EF.VM VF56L VM/BF6 VFH[ X] \ K[ m VFH[ VF56[VDFGTGL JFTM SZLV[ KLV[ 5Z\T] D:ÒNDF\ 56 VF56FYL VDFGTGYL ;RJFTLP tIF\ .AFNT DF8[ VFJLG[ 56 BIFGTGF\ lS:;F;F\E/JF D/[ K[P

D]<,F ÒJGsZCPf GL NLGNFZL H]VM S[ V[S JBT SM.V[V[DGF\YL Sæ]\ S[ TDFZ] 3Z TM0LG[ tIF\YL V[S ;ZSFZL ZM0 SF-JFDF\VFJX[P D]<,F ÒJG ZCP V[ OZDFjI]\ S[ EF. ZM0 S[JL ZLT[ AGX[ ;FD[TM HDGF GNL K[ T[ DF6;[ Sæ]\ S[ YM0F DF6;M UIF K[ H[ 5], p9FJLG[VlCIF ,FJL ZæF K[ VG[ VlCIF D]SX[P

D]<,F ÒJGsZCPf TZT H VMZ\UH[A VF,DULZsZCPf 5F;[UIF H[ V[DGF\ XFULN" CTF VG[ Sæ]\ S[ EF. TDMG[ BAZ K[ S[ C]\ UZLADF6; K]\ DG[ BAZ D/L K[ S[ TDFZL ;ZSFZ DFZ]\ 3Z TM0LG[ tIF\ ZM0AGFJ[ K[ VG[ GNL 5Z 5], p9FJL D]SX[P

VF,DULZsZCPfG[ C;J]\ VFJL UI]\ S[ DF{,FGF TDMG[ bIF, 56G VFjIM S[ HD]GFGM 5], S\. p9FJLG[ ,JFTM CX[ m D]<,F ÒJGsZCPfU]:;[ Y. UIF VG[ Sæ]\ S[ B]NFGL S;D DG[ VF JFT V[S D];,DFG[SZL K[ VG[ DFZL VF DFgITF K[ S[ HD]GFGM 5], tIF\YL p9FJLG[ ,FJLXSFI K[P 5Z\T] V[S D];,DFG H]9]\ GYL AM,L XSTMP VF JFT DG[

24


D];,DFG[ SZL K[PEF.VM V;, Ò\NUL VG[ NLGNFZL ACFZGLH K[P H[GF\YL H

N]lGIFDF\ VF56F GALV[ SZLDs;PVPJPf lJHIL AgIF CTFP VFH[ T[NLGNFZL VF56FDF\ GYLP 5C[,F\GF U[ZD]:,LDM SC[TF\ CTF S[ D];,DFGY.G[ H]9]\ AM,[ K[ m T[DG[ VF ISLG CT]\ S[ D];,DFG H]9]\ AM,[ H GCL4VFH[ VF56L VM/B AN,F. U. OST D:ÒNGF\ VD, ZCL UIFPVDFGT U. VG[ BIFGT VFJL U.P ;FR]\ UI] VG[ H]9]\ VFJL UI]PVFH[ NZ[S BM8F SFDMDF\vBZFA SMDMDF\ GFDM Ô[XM TM D];,DFGG]\ HGLS/X[P

EF.VM S]VF"G XZLODF\ 36L HuIFV[ VF OZDFJJFDF\ VFjI]\ K[S[ TDMV[ X]\ V[J]\ lJRFZL ,LW]\ K[ S[ HgGTDF\ V[D H 5CM\RL HXM mVG[ VFU,F ,MSM H [JL 5ZLÙF TDFZL G YX[ m ISLG ZFBMD];,DFGMGL NLGNFZLGL VMl08 SZJFDF\ VFJX[ H[YL BAZ 50[ S[D];,DFGLGF\ NFJFDF\ SM6 ;FRF K[ VG[ SM6 BM8F K[ m

EF.VM VF AW]\ V[8,F DF8[ H6FJJFG]\ K[ S[ .AFNTGF\ EZM;[A[;L ZCLG[ ALÔ C]SDM 5Z G RF,LG[ SIFDTDF\ H,L,sV5DFlGTf GYJ]\ 50[ SFZ6 S[ jIJCFZL ÒJG 5;FZ G SZJFYL .AFNTM ALÔ ,.HX[ H[D S[ C]h]Zs;PVPJPfG]\ OZDFG K[ S[ SIFDTGF\ lNJ;[ DMlDGGLNZ[S SMlXØMYL ;JF, SZJFDF\ VFJX[P VlCIF ;]WL S[ T[GL VF\BMGM;]ZDM VG[ T[GL VF\U/LYL D8M/L ;FY[ ZDJFYL 56vÔ[ Ô[ V[J]\ GYFI S[ SIFDTGF\ lNJ;[ ALH]\ SM. TFZL G[SLVM ,. ÔIP

BZ[BZ VF56[ H[G[ NLGNFZL ;DÒV[ KLV[ S[ GDFhGL 5FA\NLSZL ,[JL E,[ ALH]\ S\. G SZLV[P EF.VM VF GDFh 56 VF56[BZ[BZ T[GF\ ÝDF6DF\ 5-LV[ TM V<,FC5FSG]\ TM V[,FG K[ S[ GDFhG[GDFhGL ZLT[ 5-XM TM ACFZGL Ò\NULDF\ BZFAvBM8F SFDMYL VG[A[XZDLGF\ SFDMYL ZMSL N[X[P

VFH[ H[GF\ EZM;[ A[;L ZCIF K[ T[ 56 9LS GYLP GALV[ SZLDs;PVPJPf GM .ZXFN K[ S[ GDFhLG[ T[GL GDFh U]GFCMYL VG[ BM8FSFDMYL G ZMS[ TM ;DÒ <IM S[ V[GL GDFh V<,FCGF\ tIF\ SA], GYLP

25


lJRFZM VF56[ H[ GDFhMGF\ EZM;[ A[;L ZæF K[ T[ 56 5]ZL ZLT[SFlD, GYLP H[GM GD]GM VF5L XSLV[P Ô[ ACFZGF\ ÒJGDF\ ALÔNLGL C]SDM 5Z 56 U]GFCMYL G ARL XSFT] CMI TM ;DÔ[ S[ GDFhCH] VW]ZL K[P

AFSL V<,FCG]\ OZDFG TM 9M; K[ S[ GDFh A[CIF. VG[ BZFASFDMYL ZMSX[P H[YL A]h]U" VG[ NLGNFZ AGJ]\ CMI GDFhM ;CLC ZLT[VNF SZL ACFZGF\ ÒJGDF\ VF \BM CZFD J:T]VMYL A\W SZL,.V[4HAFG A[SFZ JFTMYL ZMSL ,.V[4 DF, C,F, BF.V[4 5MTFGLXD"UFCGL lCOFhT SZLV[4 HAFGYL ;FRL JFT H AM,LV[4 JFINM 5]ZMSZLV[4 DC[DFGGL .hhT SZLV[4 50MXLGM bIF, SZLV[P VF VFNTMG[V5GFJLX] TM BZL NLGNFZLG]\ ;8L"OLS[8 D/[,]\ U6FX[P

VF56[ p5Z Ô^I]\ S[ V<,FCGF\ VD]S C]SDM 5Z RF,J]\ VG[VD]S C]SDM 5Z G RF,J]\ V[GL ;Ô N]lGIFDF\ ANGFDL K[P VFH[VFDvBF; G[TFU6 V[S H Z86 Z8[ K[ S[ D];,DFG N]lGIFDF\A[.hhT K[4 H,L, Y. UIF4 TAFC Y. UIF NZ[S SF{D D];,DFGMGLN]xDG K[P

5Z\T] lJRFZLX] TM VFDF\ N]xDGMGM lA,S], JF\S GYL JF\SVDFZM H K[ S[ VF56[ VFH[ A[ Z\UL RF, RF,LV[ KLV[ VF56M NFJMTM .:,FDGM K[P 5Z\T] VF˜DF, T[JF GYL VYJF .AFNT K[ TMDFD,FT4 DVFlXZFTDF\ .:,FD GYLP H[YL VFH[ VF56[ G TM NLGGF\K[ GTM N]lGIFGF\P SM.V[ Sæ] K[S[ —— V[ D];,DFG ˜˜v NM Z\UL KM0 N[ISZ\U CMÔ4 ;ZF;Z DF{D CMÔ IF ;\U CMÔP

VG]EJ DF8[ ;CFAFsZNLPf GM HDFGM VF56L ;FD[ K[P V[DGL5F;[ .DFGL TFST CTL VG[ Ò\NULDF\ NZ[S 5/ VG[ NZ[S JBT T[DHNZ[S CF,TDF\ XZLVT 5Z H GHZ ZC[TL CTLP H[GF\ SFZ6[ VF56LH[D T[VM ANGFD G CTF4 h,L, G CTFP

EF.VM .:,FD BZ[BZ %IFZM K[ VG[ BZ[BZ NLGNFZ SC[JFJ]\K[ TM 5MTFG VFDF,4jIJCFZ4JT"G4DF,lD,ST lJX[ .:,FDL C]SDMV5GFJMP

26


V<,FC5FS[ S]VF"G XZLODF\ V[,FG VF5L NLW] S[ ——D[ VFH[TDFZF DF8[ TDFZF NLGG[ 5]ZM SZL NLWMP˜˜ V[GFYL ;FlAT YI]\ S[D];,DFGGL .AFNT H[D ALÔ WDM"GL .AFNTYL V,U K[ T[D T[GLZC[6LvSZ6L4J[5FZ4B[TL4 DFD,FT4DVFXZT 56 ALÔ WDM"YL V,UCMJ]\ Ô[.V[P ;FRM VG[ ;FZM NLGNFZ D];,DFG T[ H AGL XS[ K[ H[5MTFGL Ò\NULGL AWFH CF,FTDF\ .:,FDL VF7FVMG[ V5GFJ[P

EF.VM VF AWL ALDFZLGM .,FH DMTG[ ;FD[ ZFBJ]\ K[[P DF{TG[;FD[ ZFBLG[ D];,DFG G TM OBZs3D\0f SZL XS[ K[4G C;NsN]xDGLfSZL XS[ K[4DF{TGL IFN AWL lN,L ALDFZL N]Z SZL N[X[P

VFH[ VF56L CF,T TM T[ N]W5LTF KMSZF H[JL K[ H[ DFTFGLBM/FDF\ UF0LDF\ ;OZ SZL Zæ] CMI T[ ;DH[ K[ S[ DFZ] 3Z TM VFH K[PT[ G ;DHX[ S[ C]\ ;OZ SZL ZæM K]\P EF.VM VFH[ VF56L ëDZGLCM0L h05E[Z RF,L ZCL K[P 5Z\T] VF56[ ;DÒV[ KLV[ S[ VF56[VlCIFH K[P VDFZ] VFH 3Z K[4 VF56[ GFGF E],SF H[JF K[ H[5MTFGF ;OZ G[ H GYL ;DHTF\P

EF.VM NLGNFZLGM VY" V[ K[ RMÞ; 5FSF ISLG ;FY[ NZ[SJ:T]G[ DFGLG[ VD, SZJMP H[YL OST DFGJFG[ NLGNFZL G SCLX]PH[DS[ OZDFjI]\ K[ S[ DMlDG VG[ D];,DFGDF\ OS" K[P DMlDG V[8,[lN,YL DFGJ]\ VG[ D];,DFG V[8,[ A\NUL SZJLP HIFZ[ VF56FDF\DMlDG VG[ D];,DFGL E[UL Y. HX[ TM .gXFV<,FC NLGNFZ AGLH.X]\P H[ V;, C[T] K[ GCLTM V<,FCGF\ lJ~wW SZGFZ VG[ N]lGIFGMh,L, DS;N XZLVT lJ~wW VD, SZLG[ CFl;, SZGFZ T[G[ DMlDGTM SCLX]\ 5Z\T] XZLVT H[ D]TF,AM DF\U[ K[ T[ T[G[ GCL\ D/[P

Ô[ .DFG VG[ .:,FDG[ ;FY[ ZFBLG[ RF,LX] TM V<,FCGF\OZDFGDF\ VFJLX] \ S [ VFH ,MSM ;LWF Z:TF 5Z K[ H[ V[DGF\5ZJZlNUFZ TZOYL D?IM K[P VG[ VFH ,MSM 5]Z[5]ZF SFlDIFA K[PEF.VM BZL NLGNFZL CX[ TM DF{TYL UEZFD6 G YX[P

BZM NLGNFZ V<,FC TVF,FGL ;FD[ V[JL ZLT[ HX[ H[D S[ SM.D];FlOZ ;OZYL 5MTFGF\ 3Z[ 5FKM VFJ[ K[P VG[ AGFJ8L NLGNFZ V[JL

27


ZLT[ ;FD[ VFJX[ H[DS[ SM. GF;L K]8[,M U],FD 5MTFGF X[9 5F;[,FJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P 5MTFGF\ VD,MG[ S]VF"G T[DH CNLØMGL ;FD[ D]SXMTM NLGNFZL DF,]D 50L HX[P

NLGNFZL OZF.h VG[ JFÒAFTGL VNFIUL VG[ CZFDJ:T]VMYL ARJFDF\ K[P NLGNFZ T[ K[ H[G[ V<,FCvZ;],GL .TFVTGF\GLR[ SFD SI]"\ VG[ ALÔVMG[ V[GL NFJT VF5LP NLGNFZL D[/JJL CMITM 3D\0 KM0M DFGJTF NFB, SZMP CSJF/FVMG[ gIFIYL JC[R6L SZMP

ChZT .A|FCLD GB.sZCPf OZDFJ[ K[ S[ NLGNFZL VF K[ S[DVFD,FTDF DF,NFZvUZLA NZ[S ;FY[ V<,FCGF\ DF8[ ;DFGDFD,M SZ[ VG[ V<,FC[ H[ TDFZF p5Z OZH SI]" K[ V[G[ VNF SZJFDF\V<,FC DF8[ lN, OFlZU SZ[P Ô0F S50F 5C[ZJF4;FN] BFJF BFJFG]\GFD NLGNFZL GYLP

EF.VM VF8,]\ AW] Ô^IF 5KL V[ JFT ;FO Y. ÔI K[ S[ OSTSF{8]ldAS ZLT[ .:,FDG]\ GFD ZFBL ,[JFYL 5ZL6FD 5Z 5CM\RL XSFT]\GYL HIF\ ;]WL .DFG VG[ G[S SFD 5]Z[5]ZF 5;\N G SZ[P

ChZT V,LsZNLPfGM .ZXFN K[ S[ NLGNFZL VG[ DFGJTFGF\SFDM Ks&f K[P +6 SFD D]SFDL VG[ +6 SFD ;OZGF SFDM K[PD]SFDL +6 SFDs!f S]VF"G XZLOGL lT,FJT SZJLPsZf V[JF NM:TM V5GFJJF H[ NLGGF\ SFDDF\ DNN SZ[Ps#f D:ÒNM VFAFN SZJLP;OZGF +6 SFD s!f 5MTFGF\ DF,DFYL UZLA ;FYLVM 5Z BR" SZJMPsZf ;FZL VFNTMYL JT"J]\Ps#f ;OZGF\ ;FYLVMYL C\;LB]XLYL sXZ. C]N]NDF\f ZC[J]\P

VG[ VF JFT HUÔC[Z K[ S[ DF6; Ò\NULDF\ H[ CF,TGM 5FA\NZC[X[ T[H CF,T 5Z DF{T VFJX[ VG[ V[H CF,TDF\ DC[XZDF\p9FJJFDF\ VFJX[P VG[ V<,FC5FSGL VFNT K[ S[ H[ A\NM G[SLGM.ZFNM SZ[ K[ VG[ V[ DF8[ 5MTFGL TFST ÝDF6[ SMXLØ SZ[ K[ TM

28


V<,FCTVF,F V[G[ G[SLGL TF{OLS VF5L N[ K[P VG[ T[ SFD T[GF\ DF8[VF;FG SZL N[ K[P H[YL ;CLC VY"DF\ NLGNFZLG]\ ÒJG ÒJLV[ VG[.:,FD T[DH .:,FDL TF,LD 5Z 5FA\NLYL VD, SZLV[ H[YLVF56M BFlTDMsDF{Tf .:,FD 5Z YFIP

NLGNFZL DF8[GF \ ALÔ SFDM H[D S[ ChZT V,LsZNLPfYLlZJFIT K[ S[ H[ DF6; SM. DMlDG DZN CMI S[ VF{ZT 5MTFG[UZLALGF\ SFZ6[ H,L,sT]rKf ;DH[ K[P V<,FC TVF,F SIFDTGF\lNJ;[ V[G[ 5C[,[YL K[<,[ ;]WLGF\ ,MSMDF\ ~xJF H,L, SZX[P

H[ DF6; SM. D];,DFG DZNvVF{ZT 5Z TMCDTsVFZM5f D]S[VG[ SM. V[JL BFDL ATFJ[ H[ T[DF\ GYL TM V<,FCTVF,F SIFDTGF\lNJ;[ V[G[ VFUGF\ V[S ëRF 8[SZF 5Z pEM ZFBX[ tIF\ ;]WL S[ T[ 5MT[5MTFG[ H]9,FJ[4 A<S[ N]gIFDF T[G[ T[ N]Ø6DF\ ;F\50X[P

B],F;M V[ S[ VF56[ NLGGF\ NZ[S lJEFUDF\ .:,FD T[DHXZLVT 5Z GHZ SZLG[H VD, SZLV[P V[J]\ GCL\ S[ DGRFC[ TMXZLVT 5Z VD, SZLV[ VG[ DG YFI TM T[G[ KM0L N.V[P NLGNFZLH V [ K [ S [ D ]GFlOSM H [JL Ò\NUL G U ]ÔZLV[P A<S [ ISLGwIFG4SZTFvWZTF V<,FCG[H DFGLG[ RF,LV[P .DFGvISLG VG[ G[SSFDMDF\ SMXLØ SZTF ZCLV[ V[H NLGNFZL K[P lZJFH 5|DF6[ 5ZHAFGYL S,[DF 5-L ,[JM4ÔC[ZDF\ ~S]Vv;HNF SZL ,[JFG[ SFOL;DHJ]P DM8L DC~DL VG[ BM8L ;DH K[P VG[ VFJL BM8L ;DHGLÒ\NUL U]ÔZTF ZC[J]\ NLG SZTF N]lGIFG[ VlU|D:YFG VF5J]\ B]<,LlGXFGL K[P

ChZT .aG[ VaAF;sZNLPf OZDFJ[ K[ S[ C]h]Zs;PVPJPfGL5FK/ ;JFZL 5Z CTMP VRFGS VF5s;PVPJPf V[ OZDFjI]\ S[ V[KMSZF B]NFG[ IFN ZFB T[ TG[ IFN ZFBX[P B]NFG[ IFN SZ T]\ V[G[5MTFGL ;FD[ Ô[.XP V[8,[ HIFZ[ 56 DF\U[ V<,FCYL DF\U VG[ HIFZ[56 DNN DF\U[ V<,FCYLH DNN DF\UP VG[ VF ;DÒ ,[ S[ VFBLN]lGIFGF ,MSM D/LG[ TG[ OFINM 5CMRF0JF DF\U[ TM T[ TG[ OFINM GYL5CM\RF0L XSTF l;JFI T[ J:T]YL H[ TFZF DF8[ B]NFV[ ,BL NLW]\ K[P

29


VG[ VFBL N]lGIFGF\ ,MSM TG[ G]SXFG GYL 5CM\RF0L XSTF 56 T[8,]\H[ TFZF DF8[ B]NFV[ ,BL NLW]\ K[P

H[YL VF56[ CZ5, V<,FCGM C]SD XZLVT ;FD[ ZFBJMÔ[.V[P H[ NLGNFZLGL lGXFGL K[P VF56[ SM. SFD SZLX] T[DF\ NLGÝDF6[ SZLX]\ VYJF NLGGF\ lJ~wW SZLX]\ IFN ZFBM4 YX[ TM T[H H[V<,FC[ WFI]" CX[P 5Z\T] VFDF\ 9[; VF56L NLGNFZL VG[ D];,DFGLG[5CM\RX[P

NFPTP V[S ,M8 N/JFGL 3\8L K[P ,M8 5tYZGF\ 5F8 OZJFYLN/FI K[ VG[ 5F8 DF,YL OZ[ K[ VG[ DF, V[S DM8F UM/ RÞZV[lgHG VYJF DM8Z YL RF,[ K[ VG[ V[lgHG JLH/LGF\ SZ\8YL RF,[K[P

VlC\IF ,M8 N/JFDF\ NZ[S J:T]GM OF/M K[P 5Z\T ] V;,R,FJJF JF/L JLH/LGM SZ\8 K[P Ô[ VF 5FJZ A\W Y. ÔI TM AWL HJ:T] A[SFZ Y. ÔIP V[8,[ NZ[S J:T]DF\ V<,FC 5Z wIFG N.V[PS[DS[ T[GL ZÔD\NL JUZ AWLH J:T]VM A[SFZ K[P NLG 5Z RF,LG[ SFDSZLX]\ TM56 V[H YX[ VG[ NLGYL C8LG[ SFD SZLX]\ TM56 V[H YX[ H[D\H]Z[ B]NF CX[P 5KL NLGNFZLYL C8LG[ SFD SZJFGM XM VY"P BZ[BZTM VFDF lN,GL ;OF.GL H~ZT K[ Ô[ T[ ;FO Y. ÔI TM lN,GLAWLH lADFZLVM N]Z Y. HX[P lN,GL lADFZLDF\ V[STM C;N lSGM4D[, lN,DF\ G ZFBMP VF SFDYL DF6; NLGNFZLGF\ DM8F DZTAF 5Z5CM\RL ÔI K[P

ChZT VG;sZNLPf OZDFJ[ K[ S[ V[S lNJ;[ VD[ Z;],]<,FCs;PVPJPfGF\ NZAFZDF\ CFHZ CTFP V[JFDF\ C]h]Zs;PVPJPfV[OZDFjI]\ S[ CD6F VF Z:T[YL V[S HgGTL DF6; VFJX[ VG[ V[J]\ HYI]\P Vg;FZDF\YL V[S DF6; VFjIF H[DGL NF-LYL J]h]G]\ 5F6L 85SLZæ] CT ] \ P V [DGF \ 0FAF CFYDF \ Ô [0F CTFP ALÔ lNJ;[ OZLC]h]Zs;PVPJPfV[ VFJ]\ H OZDFjI]\ VG[ T[H DF6; OZLYL VFjIFPHIFZ[ +LÔ lNJ;[ DHl,; 5]ZL Y. TM VaN]<,FC .aG[ VD| lAGVF;sZNLPf T[ DF6;GL 5FK/ Y. UIFP VG[ T[DGF\YL Sæ\] S[ DFZ[

30


DFZF JF,LN ;FCAYL h30M Y. UIM K[P X]\ TDM +6 lNJ; DG[ HuIFVF5L XSM KM m T[D6[ CF Sæ]P ChZT[ VaN]<,FC +6 ZFTM tIF\ ZæF\VG[ T[DG[ Ô[IF S[ T[ ZFTDF\ S\.H GlO,M GYL 5-TFP OST V[8,] H S[HIFZ[ SZJ8 AN,[ K[ tIFZ[ V<,FCG]\ GFD ,[ K[P VG[ l;JFI ;FZLJFTGF\ ALÒ SM. JFT GYL SZTFP C]\ V[DGF VF VD,G[ C<SM ;DHJF,FuIMP VG[ D[ V[DGFYL Sæ]\ S[ C[ V<,FCGF\ A\NF DFZ[ S\. DFZFJF,LNYL h30M GYL YIM 5Z\T] D[\ C]h]Zs;PVPJPfYL +6 JBT[ TDFZFAFZFDF\ HgGTL CMJFG]\ ;F\E?I]\ DFZ]\ DG YI]\ S[ TDFZF VD,M Ô[pP5Z\T] D[\ TDG[ JWFZ[ .AFNT SZTF GYL Ô[IFP TM 5KL X]\ JFT K[ H[YLTD[ VF NZÔ 5Z 5CMrIFP T[ DF6;[ Sæ]\ S[ EF. TD[ Ô[I]\ V[GF\ JUZALH]\ S.H GYLP

HIFZ[ C]\ RF,JF ,FuIM T[ T[DG[ DG[ AM,FJLG[ Sæ] S[ TD[ Ô[I]V[GF\ JUZ ALH]\ S\. GYLP CF VF8,L JFT H~Z K[ S[ C]\ DFZF lN,DF\SM.56 D];,DFGGF \ lJX[ N ]xDGL GYL ZFBTMP tIFZ [ ChZTVaN]<,FCsZNLPf V[ Sæ]\ S[ A; A; VFH J:T] K[ H[6[ TDMG[ VF prR:YFG 5Z 5CM\RF0L NLWFP VG[ VFH JFT K[ H[GL VFDFZFDF\ TFSFTGYLP

VFH[ VF56L CF,T H]VM S[ 5FA\NLYL GDFh ZMhF VNF SZLV[KLV[ 5Z\T] D];,DFGEF. ;FY[ 5MTFGM SM. :JFY" G CMJF KTF\ 56lN,DF\ GOZT ,.G[ OZLV[ KLV[P VF8,M DM8M U]GMC KTF\ 5MTFG[NLGNFZ ;DÒV[ K[ H[ DM8M WMSM K[P

EF.VM SIFDTGM lNJ; H[ N]lGIFGF\ 5RF; CÔZ JØ" H[8,M,F\AM CX[ KTF\ T[ BZF DMlDG NLGNFZM DF8[ V[S OZH GDFh VNFSZJFGF ;DI SZTF 56 VMKM VG[ VF;FG CX[P 5Z\T] H[ ,MSMV<,FC VG[ Z;],GF\ Z:TFYL C8LG[ ALÔ Z:T[ RF<IF CX[ VG[DGDFGL Ò\NUL U]ÔZL CX[ T[ ,MSM VF lNJ;[ 36F 5:TFX[ VG[VO;M;DF\ 5MTFGF\ CFYM RFJL HX[P

V<,FC5FS[ TM NLGNFZ DMlDG DF8[GL lGXFGL VF ATFJL S[ T[HDLG 5Z GD|TF ;FY[ RF,[ K[ 3D\04TSaA]ZYL GYL RF,TFP H[DS[

31


ChZT[ ,]SDFG[ 5MTFGF KMSZFYL OZDFjI]\ CT]\ S[ A[8F HDLG 5ZVS/F.G[ G RF, V[GFYL T] S\. HDLG OF0L GYL GF\BJFGM DT,A V[S[ NLGNFZLGM U]6 K[ ;FZF ,MSMGF DFU[" RF,J]\ H[DS[ ChZT C;GA;ZLsZCPf VF VFITGL TO;LZDF \ ,B [ K [ S [ DMlDGMGLVF\BM4V[DGF SFG4T[DGF VJIJM h]SL ÔI VG[ ZMSF. ÔI VlCIF\;]WL S[ D]B" ,MSM V[DG[ ALDFZ ;DH[ CF,F\S[ VF NLGNFZMGL RF, K[PALÒ V[S l;OT NLGNFZ DMlDGGL AIFG OZDFJL K[ S[ HIFZ[ T[ A[SFZJFTM ;F\E/[ K[ TM DM\ O[ZJL ,[ K[P

NLGNFZMGL V[S lGXFGL SFDDF\ DwID DFU" V5GFJJM K[P G TMS\H};L SZ[ K[ G TM jII SZ[P Z;], s;PVPJPfV[ OZDFjI]\ S[ 5MTFGF\U]HZFGDF\ JR,M DFU" V5GFJJM DF6;GL ;DHNFZLGL N,L, K[PALÒ V[S CNLØDF\ K[ S[ DF6; JR,M DFU" V5GFJ[ K[ T[ SNL DMCTFhVG[ UZLA GYL YTMP VDLZL VG[ OSLZLDF\ .AFNTDF\ 56 NZdIFGLRF,J]\ 36L ;FZL VG[ 5;\NLNF J:T] K[P V<,FC 5FSG]\ OZDFG K[JSl;N OL DxlIS V[8,[ S[ NZ[S SFDMDF NZlDIFGL RF, RF,MP

V[S A]h]U"G] \ SYG K[ S[ HIF\ 56 TDM V<,FCGF C]SDYLVFU/ JWL ÔVM T[ N]Q8 jII K[P VG[ B]NFGL GFOZDFGLDF BR" 56N]Q8 jII K[P

DT,A NLGNFZLG[ XMEF N[GFZL V[S J:T] DIFGFZJL sJR,MZ:TMf 56 K[P VF56[ GDFhDF\ lGiIT HAFGYL TM SZLV[ KLV[ S[ C]lGiIT SZ] K] hMCZGL RFZ ZSFT OZH GDFhGL V<,FC DF8[ 5Z\T]EF. NLGNFZ AGJF DF8[ OST VFJL HAFGGL lGiIT SFOL GYLP VFJFXaNM GTM XZLVTDF\ IMuI K[ GTM TZLSTDF\ A<S[ lN,DF\ 56 5FSM.ZFNM SZ[ S[ GDFhDF\ VG[ GDFhYL ACFZGF\ ÒJGDF\ 56 NZ[S V[JFSFD SZLX H[GFYL V<,FC ZFÒ YFIP VG[ XZLVTGL 5FA\NLDF\ ZCLG[ÒJG U]ÔZLXP

H[D V[S DF6;DF ~CsÒJf G CMI T[G[ DF6; GYL SCL XSTFVYJF TM DF6;DF ~C TM K[ 5Z\T] CFY5U S5FI[,F CMI4VF\B[VF\W/M CMI4NF\T 50[,F CMI VFJM DF6;4 DF6; TM H~Z K[ 5Z\T]

32


S[JM DF6; K[ VF\G] CMJ]\ G CMJ] AZFAZ K[P lA,S], VFJ] H ;DÔ[GDFh 5-TF ;]WL TM NLGvXZLVT K[ 5Z\T] 5FK/ V[GM SM. V;ZÔC[Z GYL YTM H[YL D];,DFG CMJF G CMJFG]\ DF,]D GYL 50T]\P

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EF.VM JBT V[JM K[ S[ VFH[ .:,FD ÝtI[ UO,TGL VFCF,T K[ S[ GDFh4ZMhF VNF SZL ,[JF4BFJFv5LJFDF\ VD, SZL,[JM4TC[JFZM pHJL ,[JF VF SFDM SZGFZF ;DH[ K[ S[ C]\ .:,FDLÒ\NUL 5Z ÒJL ZæM K]P VG[ JWFZ[ VO;M; V[JF 5Z K[ H[ DF6;VFJF SFDM GYL SZTM T[ 56 ;DH[ K[ S[ C]\ .:,FDL Ò\NUL ÒJL ZæMK]P IFN ZFBM .:,FDL DVFXZM OST ÔC[ZL CF,FT ;]WL A\WFI[,MGYLP DF6;GL NZ[S CF,FTDF\ .:,FDL Ò\NUL ;FD[ K[ VD]S SFDM SZL,[JFYL NLGNFZ GYL AGL HJFT]P X{TFG 5MTFGL RF, RF,LG[;FZFv;FZF DF6;MG[ 5MTFGL VF\U/L 5Z GRFJ[ K[P

36F DF6;M V[JF Ô[JF D/X[ S[ T[ GDFhM4JhLOF B]A 5-[ K[5Z\T] JBT VFJ[ K[ tIFZ[ lGiIT BZFA SZLG[ WM. GF\B[ K[ VG[ ;DH[K[ C]\ NLGNFZ K]\ VF bIF, BZFA K[P

C]h]Z s;PVPJPfGM .ZXFN K[ S[ H[DF\ VDFGTNFZL GYL T[DF\.DFG GYLP H[GF\ 5F;[ JRGG]\ 5F,G GYL T[DF\ NLG GYLP DF,]D 50[K[ S[ ANNLIFGTLYL .DFG VW]Z] K[P TM 5KL NLGNFZL E,F S[JL ZLT[VFJL XS[ K[P IFN ZFBM VDFGTDF\ BIFGT U]GFC[ SALZF K[ VG[BIFGT SZGFZM NLGNFZ TM X]\ AGL XS[ V[GF\ TM .DFGGM BTZM K[P

D]GFlOSGL +6 lGXFGLVM K[ E,[ G[ T[ ZMhF ZFB[4GDFh 5-[5MT[ D];,DFG CMJFGM NFJM SZ[4s!fJFT SZ[ TM H]9 AM,[4sZfJFINMSZLG[ OZL ÔI4s#fVDFGTDF\ BIFGT SZ[ VF XaNM 5Z VF56[ p\0LGHZYL lJRFZJFGL H~ZT K[P

EF.VM C]h]Zs;PVPJPf H[ DS;N DF8[ TXZLO ,FjIF CTF T[

33


CTM A[SFZ SFDMG[ DL8FJJFGM4 VFH[ VF56[ NLGNFZLGF\ J[XDF\ 565MTFGF CFYMYL45MTFGF\ DF,MYL45MTFGF\ lNDFUMYL ÒJ\T SZL ZæF K[PX]\ VF C]h]Zs;PVPJPf ;FY[ B]<,L AUFJT GYLP IFN ZFBM C]h]Zs;PVPJPfGF\ N]xDGMGM X]\ CF, YX[ m T[ VF56[ Ô6LV[ KLV[P

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VF5s;PVPJPfG]\ OZDFG K[ S[ AWFYL JWFZ[ VhFAGM CSNFZ,MSMDF\ V<,FC 5F;[ OM8M AGFJJFJF/M K[P V[S ALÒ CNLØDF\ JWFZ[VhFAJF/FDF\ GALGM SFlT, VG[ H[G]\ ST, GALGF\ CFY[ YFI VG[5MTFGF JF,LN{GDF\YL SM.G[ ST, SZ[ VG[ VFl,D[ A[VD, VG[ OM8FAGFJJFJF/F CX[P VF CNLØDF\ OM8F AGFJJFJF/F VG[ GALGF\SFlT,G[ V[S NZÔDF\ ZFbIFP

VFH[ Ô[XM TM ;DFHDF\ V[JF 36F NLGNFZM D/X[ H[DG[ ,MSMNLGNFZ U6[ K[P 5Z\T] VFJF U]GFCG[4 SALZM U]GMC GYL U6TFPD]l:,D ;DFH VF8,F DM8F U]GFCG[ U]GMC H GYL U6TMP VG[XFNLv8F6[ A[W0S S[D[ZFDF\ OM8F B[\RFJ[ K[P S[D[ZFD[G XMBYL OM8M B[\R[K[ VG[ NLGNFZM OM8F B[\RFJ[ K[P

IFN ZFBM SIFDTDF\ VFH OM8FDF\ V<,FC5FS V\NZ ~CGF\BJFGM C]SD SZX[ VG[ T[ VXSI CX[P H[YL VhFAGM CSNFZ AGLHX[P 5KL VFJL AGFJ8L NLGNFZL X]\ SFDGL m H[ ;C[H hM\SFDF\ RF,LÔIP

IFN ZFBM GDFhGL H[D NZ[S .AFNTDF\ 5C[,]\ SFD OZH VNFSZJFG] K[P 5KL ;]gGT VG[ 5KL GlO, SFDMDF\ DXU], YJ]\ Ô[.V[POZH SFD KM0LG[ ;]gGTvGlO, SFDMDF\ ,FUJ]\ D]BF". K[P

ChZT V,LsZNLPfYL ZLJFIT K[ S[ C]h]Zs;PVPJPfV[ OZDFjI]\

34


S[ H[GF\ p5Z OZH SFD VNF SZJFG]\ AFSL K[ VFJM DF6; HIFZ[ GlO,SFDDF\ DXU], YFI T[GM NFB,M T[ CFDL,F H[JM K[S[ HIFZ[ CD,BF,L SZJFGM ;DI GÒS CMI tIFZ[ CD, 5F0L GF\B[P CJ[ T[ GTMCD,JF/L ZC[X[ GTM ArRFJF/LP

NLGNFZ DMlDGGL lGXFGL VF K[ S[ OZH SFDM H[DF\ GDFh 56K[ 5C[,L VNF SZ[ VG[ 5KL GlO, SFDMDF\ ,FU[P VFH[ NLGNFZM GlO,5Z Ô[Z JWFZ[ VF5[ K[P 5Z\T] 5FK/GF\ OZH SFDMG[ T[ GlO,GF\ Ô[Z[-F\SL N[ K[P AWL H ÔTGL .AFNTMDF\ H~ZL SFD 5C[,F SZJF Ô[.V[P

VFH[ 36F ,MSMGL CF,T Ô[JF D/[ K[P VFB]\ JØ" 5F\R JBTGLGDFh OZH GDFhGM V[S ;LHNM VNF GYL SIM" 5Z\T] XA[AZFT T[DHXA[SNZ H[JL ZFTMGL .AFNT H[ D]:TCA K[ T[G[ DGFJJ]\ H~ZL ;DH[K[P V[JL ZLT[ hSFT K[ OZH .AFNT K[ T[ VNF SZJFDF\ 36L ;]:TLÔ[JF D/[ K[P 5Z\T] GlO, SFD H[DS[ D]NF"GF\ .;F,[ ;JFADF\ CÔZM~l5IF BRL" GF\B[ K[P CF,F\S[ VF OZH GYL VG[ hSFT OZH K[P H[GF\lJX[ 5]K YX[ HIFZ[ .;F,[ ;JFAGL 5]K G YX[P

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VFH[ D];,DFGM lJRFZ[ K[ S[ 5F\R JBTGL GDFh T[DF\ 56HDFVTGL 5FA\NLYL T[GM J[5FZ4B[TL4SFZLULZL JU[Z[G]\ G]SXFG YX[PD];,DFGG[ VFH[ GDFhGL DC~DL TM 5;\N K[ 5Z\T] VFJSGL SDL TMGFD 5]ZTL 56 5;\N GYLP

N]lGIF H T[ ZMU K[ H[ D];,DFGYL G SZJFGF\ SFDM SZFJ[ K[PV[SALÔ 5Z H]<DM4HIFNTL4HDLGvÔ.NFN C05 SZL ,[JL4 ALÔCÞM VNF SZJFDF\ ;]:TL NZ[SG]\ D}/ N]lGIF H K[P

VF JBTDF\ VF56[ lJRFZ SZLV[ TM 3Z VG[ S]8]\AYL ,.G[N[XGF\ B}6F ;]WL D]l:,D ;DFHDF\ B]<,L ALDFZL VF5;GL N]xDGL K[

35


VG[ EF.RFZM 36M SDhMZ 50L UIM K[P V[S D];,DFG ALÔD];,DFGGF\ N]oBDF\ ;FD[, YJFG[ AN,[ T[GL D];LAT 5Z B]X YFI K[C\\;[ K[P

NLGNFZ AGJF DF8[ +6 H JFTM 5Z VD, SZL ,M TM NLGNFZLG]\ÒJG ÒJL XSFX[Ps!f C\D[XF ;FR] AM,J]\4HAFGG[ H]9GF\ XSYL 56 ARFJTL HAFGYLYGFZF AWFH VD,M ULAT4RF0L BFJL JU[Z[YL ARJ]\ H[YL HAFGG[SFA]DF\ ZFB[PsZf 5MTFGL VDFGT 5]Z[5]ZL VNF SZ[P VDFGT H[ SM.GL TDFZL 5F;[CMI T[GL VNFIUL H~ZLYL VYJF H[ HJFANFZL V<,FC TZOYL A\NF5Z K[P T[ 56 VDFGT K[P GDFh4ZMhF4hSFT VF AWL HJFANFZLVM5]ZL SZJL VDFGT K[P W6L VMZTGF\ VF5;GF\ CÞM4AF5vA[8FGF\V[SALÔGF \ CÞM 5]ZF SZJF 56 VDFGT K[P GMSZvX[9GF \CÞM4A\NFGF\ VF;5F;GF CÞM VNF SZJF 56 VDFGT K[P VF AWLVDFGTM VNF SZJFYL V<,FCvZ;],GL D]CaAT lN,DF\ 5[NF YX[PVlC\IF VF56[ Ô[. ,.V[ S[ VFH[ ,MSM H,;FVMDF\ DH,L;MDF\B]NFTVF,F VG[ Z;],s;PVPJPfGL D]CaAT CMJFGF\ NFJF SZTF\YFSTF GYLP V[DGL 5MTFGL Ò\NUL S. S[8,FI CÞM GLR[ NAFI[,L K[V[GM lJRFZ GYL SZTFP VFH[ NZ[S ,F.GDF\ NZ[S 5MTFGM H OFINMH]V[ K[P E,[ ALÔG]\ G]SXFG YT] CMIP H[YL D]CaAT DF8[ 5MTFGF\ 5Z50[,L HJFANFZLVM VNF SZJL VDFGTDF\ XFD[, K[P s#f 50MXLVM ;FY[ ;FZM JTF"JP VF CÞ 56 VDFGTDF\ VFJL ÔIK[P 5Z\T] C]h]Z VSZDs;PVPJPf V[ VF C]SDG[ V,UYL TFSLNYLAIFG OZDFjIM K[P SFZ6 S[ VF56F ;DFHDF\ 50MXLGF\ CÞGF\ lJX[36L ;]:TL Ô[JF D/[ K[P VFH[ S\.S TALVT 56 V[JL Y. U. K[ S[VFBF UFD ;FY[ TM NM:TL K[ 5Z\T] 5MTFGF\ 50MXLYL h30M S\.G[vS\.HuIFV[ pEM K[P 50MXL H 50MXLG]\ A]Z] YJF 5FK/ ,FU[,M K[P;FZFv;FZF NLGNFZM4CFÒvGDFhL VF DFD,[ ,F5ZJFCL SZ[ K[ VFJ:T] ;FZL GYLP TS,LO 5CM\RF0GFZL K[P V[SvALÔGL H~ZTGM bIF,

36


ZFBJM N]oBDF\ EFU ,[JM V[GF\ ;FZF NLGNFZ ,MSMGL ZLT H K[P5MTFGF\ V\NZ DFO SZJFGM HhAM 5[NF SZLG[ BZF VY"DF\ NLGNFZAGLV[P

DF,]D 50I]\ VF +6 J:T] ;rRF.4 VDFGTNFZL VG[ 50MXL;FY[ ;FZM ;A\W CX[ TM H NLGNFZ U6FX[P VFGFYL lJ~wW RF,X[ VG[;FY[ .AFNTGF\ 5FA\N CX[ KTF\ T[ NLGNFZ SC[JFGF ,FIS GYLP

NLGNFZL DF8[ N]lGIFDF\ TS,LO H~Z 50X[45Z\T] VF56[ CNLØ[GAJL ;FD[ ZFBLV[ S[ N]lGIFTM DMlDG DF8[ S[NBFG]\ K[ VG[ SFlOZMDF8[ HgGT K[P V[H SFZ6[ H[JL NLGNFZL CX[ T[ ÝDF6[ D];LATM VG[TS,LOM H~Z VFJX[P 5Z\T] NLGNFZ D];,DFG V[ D];LATMDF\ VFG\NVG[ G[VDT D[/J[ K[P

ChZT bJFÔ AlbTIFZ SFSLsZCPf GM HIFZ[ 56 SM. lNJ;D];LATYL BF,L HTM VG[ TS,LO G 50TL TM Z0TF CTFP VG[OZDFJTF S[ VFH[ VDFZM DCA]A VDFZFYL GFZFH K[P 5Z\T] ;AZSZJF JF/FVM DF8[ A[lC;FA VHZGM JFINM OZDFjIM K[P

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37


O/M ;FZL ZLT[ 5MTFGF\ hM[,FDF\ EZL ,LWFP VF56[ Ô[. ,LW] S[ V[SV<,FCGL GFOZDFGLYL 5]ZL N]lGIFGL AUFJT VF56[ J[9JL 50LPVF56[ V[SYL ~9LG[ 5]ZL N]lGIF VF56FYL ~9L U.P CJ[ TM DFGL,.V[ VG[ 5FKF OZLV[4U]GFCMG[ VHDFJL R]SIF CJ[ TSJM VG[NLGNFZLGL Ò\NULG[ 56 VHDFJL ,.V[P GFOZDFGL VF5GFJL R]SIFCJ[ .TFVTGM :JFN DF6L ,.V[P U{ZMYL lZxTM Ô[0JFGM VG]EJ SZL,LWM CJ[ V[SYL Ô[0JFGM :JFN Ô[. ,.V[P

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38


;FZL VFNTMGL lXBFD6 VG[ XME[ T[JF VB,FS XLBJF0[ K[PVF V[JF DF6;GL XLBFD6 K[ H[ 5MT[ D];,DFG GYL 5Z\T]

SA},FT SZ[ K[P GA]jJT ;FZL CMI S[ H]9L 5Z\T] .:,FDGL TF,LD;FZFDF\ ;FZL lXBFD6 K[P 5Z\T] VO;M; VFH[ VF56[ JT"6}S V[SNDGLR[GF\ :TZ[ 5CM\RL R]SIF K[P H[G]\ D]bI SFZ6 VF56[ NLGG[ RFZNLJFZLDF\ A\W SZL NLWM K[P H[G]\ VG]SZ6 ACFZ GYL SZTFP GDFhGMDS;N H V[ K[ S[ GDFhYL RMJL; S,FSGL Ò\NUL GDFhGL ZLT p5ZVFJL ÔIP

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39


BF; SZLG[ ALÔG[ ,UTF CÞM 5Z wIFG VF5JFGL H~ZT K[PSIFDT GL +6 SR[ZLVM DF\YL V[S SR[ZL CÞMGL CX[P H[DF\ NZ[SCÞJF/FGM CS VF5JFDF\ VFJX[P VFH T[ J:T] K[ H[ NLGNFZL DF8[H~ZL K[P V<,FC 5MTFGF\ CÞM TM RFC[ TM DFO SZL N[X[ 5Z\T] ALÔGF\CÞM H[G[ VNF SIF" JUZ BZL NLGNFZL D/TL GYLP T[ tIF\ R]ST[ SZJF50X[P H[GL lJUT VF56[ VFU/ Ô6L R]SIF KLV[P

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VFH[ 5]ZL N]lGIFGF\ D];,DFGM ÔTÔTGL D];LATM TS,LOMGF\lXSFZ K[P VFDF\ VD]S GFNFG VF bIF, ,FJ[ K[ S[ VFG] SFZ6 .:,FD

40


K[P 5Z\T] VF JFT BM8L K[P BZ] SFZ6 TS,LOMG]\ .:,FDG[ KM0J]\ K[P S[VF56[ .:,FDG]\ OST GFDH AFSL ZFbI]\ K[P GF .:,FDL DFgIFTFVMVF56L V\NZ K[ G .:,FDL Vb,FS G TM VFDF,4 Ô6[ S[ o

JhVD[\ CD C[ G;FZF TDNN]GD[ CG}NTM 5KL VF56M XM CS K[ S[ .:,FD VG[ D];,DFG DF8[ SZJFDF\VFJ[,F JFINF VG[ .GFDMGL ZFC Ô[.V[P B],F;M V[ S[ .DFG VG[G[S VD,G[ ;\5}6" V5GFJLG[ H GTLÔ 5Z 5CM\RL XSFX[P

VFH[ A[NLGLG]\ V[S SFZ6 VG[ NLGNFZLG[ G0TZ~5 VF K[ S[DF\vAF5 5MT[ NLGYL JFS[O VG[ NLGNFZ CMI K[P 5Z\T] VF lOSZ GYLSZTFP VF56L VF{,FN 56 NLGNFZ AGLG[ SFIDL ZFCTGL D]:TlCSAG[ HIF\ ;]WL VF{,FN S]8]\AJF/F VG[ VD,L ÝMU|FDDF\ ;FY[ VG[;ZBF GCL\ CMI TM DF\vAF5GL TF,LD TA,LU ALÔVM 5Z V[8,MV;Z GCL\ SZ[ H[8,M A\G[GF\ VD,YL SZX[P

DF6; 5MTFGF\ KMSZFG[ UZDLvT0SFYL ARJFGF\ TM AWFHp5FI SZ[ K[P 5Z\T] C\D[XFGL VFU VG[ VhFAYL ARFJJF SM.H wIFGGYL N[TMP VF{,FN ;FY[ ;FZL V;,L E,F. VF K[ S[ BZFA VD,MVG[ BZFA VFNTMYL ARFJJFGL SMXLØ SZ[ GCL\ TM 5MT[ NLGNFZ CMJFKTF\ ALÔGL ,FGTFG T[DH NLGNFZ CMJF KTF\ V<,FCGL 5S0DF\VFJL XS[ K[P

Z;],s;PVPJPf AWL H N]lGIFGF\ Z;], VG[ SIFDT ;]WLVFJGFZ 5[-LVMGF 5IU\AZ V[DG[ 56 V<,FC5FS[ C]SD VF%IM S[5MTFGF\ GÒSGF\ ;UFVMG[ V<,FCGF\ VhFAYL 0ZFJMP ALÒ V[SHuIFV[ OZDFjI]\ S[ V[ .DFGJF/FVM 5MTFG[ VG[ 5MTFGF\ 3ZJF/FG[DM8L VFUYL ARFJMP +LÒ V[S HuIFV[ C]SD VF%IM K[ 5MT[ 5MTFGLVF{,FNG[ GDFhGM C]SD VF5M VG[ 5MT[ 56 5FA\N ZCMP VG[VF5s;PVPJPfV[ VF JFT 5Z VD, SIM"P

NLGGL NZ[S Ù[+ 5Z GHZ V[GL ;]WFZJFGL lOSZ4pdDTG[H~ZTGM bIF, VF SFZ6[ .:,FDGL 5|UlT TYF AM,AF,F CÔZM JØ";]WL ZCLP D];,DFGMYL JWFZ[ U{ZD]l:,DM GJF. 5FDTF CTF S[

41


.SZFZ 56 SZTF CTFP VtIFZ[ D];,DFGM 5Z ,UFTFZ lOtGFVMG]\TMOFG AWFH 5F;FVMDF\ H[DS[ .<DDF\4VD,DF\4 VB,FSDF4;DFHDF\4ZFHSFZ6DF\4VFlY"S I]wWDF\4 ;J"jIF5L K[P

VtIFZ ;]WL 36L SMXLØM ;]WFZ6F AFAT[ SZJFDF\ VFJLP 5Z\T]AWL GFSFD ZCLP SFZ6 S[ VF56L GHZ ALDFZLGL TZO GYL HTLPVG[ T[G[ N]Z SZJFGL ;FZL lOSZ GYL SZJFDF\ VFJTLP

D];,DFG SF{DGL A]lGIFN H NLGv.DFG 5Z K[P Ò\NULS]VF"GL C]SDM 5]ZF SZJF 5Z VFWFlZT K[P SFlDIFAL V<,FCGLDC[ZAFGL 5Z K[ GTM TFSFTGF\ Ô[Z[ GTM AC]DTL 5Z K[4G ;FDFG 5ZK[P

H[YL EF.VM D]l:,D ;DFH[ .:,FDL lGIDMG]\ 5F,G SZJ]\50X[P .:,FDL Ý6F,LSF ÒJTL ZFBJL 50X[P ;DFHGF\ BM8FlZJFÔ[4BM8F BRF"VMG[ lT,F\H,L VF5JL 50X[P V<,FC VG[Z;],s;PVPJPfGF\ C]SDM VD,DF\ D]SJF 50X[P

VtIFZ [ VF56M ;DFH BF; SZLG[ NLGNFZ TAÞF 5Z;UFJF,FGF\ CÞM VG[ OZÔ[ ÝtI[ VF\B VF0F SFG SZL ZæF K[PDLZF;4JFZ;F4lGSFC4XFNL4 T,FS H [JL AFATMDF \ .:,FDLSFINFvSFG]G V5GFJJF 50X[P VtIFZ[ 56 .:,FDL lZJFÔ[4 NC[HH[JL ANLVMGM jIF5 D]:,LD ;DFHDF\ JWL ZæM K[P VF D]BF"DLVMtIHJL 50X[P HIFZ[ VFJ]\ SZLX]\ tIFZ[ H BZL NLGNFZL VF56FDF\VFJ[,L U6FX[P VFH[ VF56[ D];,DFG EF. ÝtI[ ,[JFN[JF JUZGLGOZT ZFBLV[ K[P T[G[ GLRM N[BF0JM V[H VF56] SFD K[P VF 36MDM8M U]GMC K[P

bJFÔ S]T]A]ÛLG AlbTIFZ SFSLsZCPf OZDFJ[ K[ S[ TDFZFU]GFCM TDG[ H,L, GYL SZTF T[GF\ SZTF JWFZ[ TDFZF SM. D];,DFGEF.G[ H,L, ;DÔ[ TM VF J:T] TDG[ JWFZ[ H,L, AGFJX[PD];,DFG EF.G[ G]SXFG 5CM\RF0JFGM U]GMC TDFZF ALÔ U]GFCMSZTF\ JWFZ[ EFZ[ K[P

VF ALDFZL NLGNFZMDF\ 56 36L Ô[JF D/[ K[P VZ[ ;FR] SCM TM

42


D:ÒNDF\ A[;LG[ 56 D];,DFG EF.G[ GLR[ 5F0JFGM %,FG AGFJ[ K[P5KL NLGNFZL SIF\YL VFJJFGLP D]SÛZGL ZMÒ D/JFGL H K[P H[DF\;AZ NFBJM S[ ,F,R4 ;AZDF\ ZMÒ .hhTYL D/X[ VG[ ,F,RDF.hhT JUZ D/X[P

VF56[ DFGLV[ KLV[ S[ V<,FC5FS AW] H]V[ K[P VF JFT 5ZVF56]\ .DFG CMI TM 5KL V[SF\TDF\ 56 U]GFCM SZJFGL lC\DT S[JLZLT[[ Y. XS[ K[P VF56[ ,MSMGL ;FD[ TM G[S CMJFGM4 NLGNFZ CMJFGMZM, SZLV[ KLV[ VG[ V[SF\TDF\ A[XZD Y. H.V[ KLV[P

DF{T VF56L 5FK/ H K[P V[S lNJ; VFJX[ HIFZ[ DF{T~5L5], 5ZYL 5;FZ YJFG] \ K[P H[GFYL SM. ARJFG] \ GYL TM 5KLVS,D\NL V[H SC[JFI S[ DF{TG[ IFN ZFBLV[ 5MT[ 56 U]GFCMYLZMSF.V[ VG[ ALÔG[ 56 BM8F SFDM SZJFYL V8SFJLV[ V<,FC5FSVF56F U]GFCM DFO SZJFDF\ pNFZTF NFBJX[PÔ[EL V<,FCSM 5C[RFGTF C{P JCNC] ,FvXZLS DFGTF C{PSFlD, .DFGSF lGXFG C{ JM Ô[ C]S]S], .AFN ÔGTF C{P

JM HDFG[D[ D]Vhh Y[ D];,DF\ CMSZVF{Z CD bJFZ C]V[ TFZLS[ S]VF" CMSZ

Z:TF B ]NF Z; ],SF AT,FV[ ÔT[ C {DFGM G DFGM CD T]dC[\ ;DÔV[ ÔT[ C{P

SIFDTGF\ NL,M OF0L GFBGFZF D\HZDF\ H]<DGM AN,M TM,[JFDF\ VFJX[ H tIF\ ~l5IFv5{;F SFD G ,FUX[P A<S[ AN,MG[SLVMYL VF5JFDF\ VFJX[P

GALV[ SZLDs;PVPJPfV[ .ZXFN OZDFjIM K[P H[G]\ J6"G ——.aG[ DFÔ ˜˜DF\ K[ S[ ChZT ÔALZsZNLPf OZDFJ[ K[ S[ HIFZ[ VD]S;CFAFsZNLPf CAXFYL lChZT SZLG[ DNLGF D]GjJZF TxZLO ,FjIF TMV[S lNJ;[ C]h]Z s;PVPJPfV[ 5]KI] S[ ATFJM CAXFGL HDLGDF\TDMV[ GJF.GL JFT X]\ Ô[. m TM VD]S GF{H]JFG pEF YIF VG[

43


V[D6[ lS:;M ;\E/FjIM S[ VD[ V[S JBT[ CAXFDF\ ;0SGF lSGFZ[A[9F CTF S[ VDFZL 5F;[YL V[S 0M;L 5;FZ Y. H[GF DFYF 5Z V[SDF8,]\ CT]\4 DCM<,FGF\ VD]S XZLZ KMSZFVM T[GL 5FK/ ,FUL UIFVG[ T[ 0M;LG[ Ô[ZYL WÞM DFIM" T[ ALRFZL 50L U. VG[ DF8,]\ O]8LUI]\ TM V[6[ XZLZ KMSZFVMYL Sæ] —— V[ ANTDLÔ[ IFN ZFBM HIFZ[V<,FC TVF,F S];L" D]SLG[ 5C[,[YL K[<,[ ;]WLGF ,MSMG[ E[UF SZLG[OZDFJX[ VG[ DF6;GF CFYv5U 5MTFGF SF/F SZT]TM 5MT[ H AIFGSZX[P T[ lNJ;[ Ô[. ,[Ô[ S[ DFZM VG[ TDFZM DFD,M V<,FC TVF,F;FD[ S[JM YX[ m VF ;F\E/LG[ C]h]Zs;PVPJPf V[ OZDFjI]\ S[ —— T[6[;FR] Sæ]vT[6[ ;FR] Sæ] T[ pdDT S[JL ZLT[ .hhTJF/L Y. XS[ K[P H[5MTFGF SDÔ[ZMGF DF8[ TFSFTJF/F YL 5S0 G SZ[P

Ô6J]\ Ô[.V[ S[ H]<DGF\ ÝSFZM 36F\ K[4 H]<DGL jIFbIF V[ K[ S[SM. J:T]G[ T[GL V;, HuIFV[ G D]SJLP V;, HuIF KM0LG[ ALÒHuIFV[ JF5ZJLP VFD56 H]<D SZJFJF/FG[ V<,FC TVF,F 5;\NGYL SZTFP

VF56[ NLGNFZLGF\ J[XDF\ .AFNTGL 5FA\NLYL ALÒ H]<DGL;]ZTM E],L A[9F K[ KTF\ 5MTFG[ NLGNFZ VG[ ;FZF U6LV[ KLV[P

H]<DGF\ ÝSFZM/ V<,FCGF\ H[8,F 56 C]SDM K[ T[ E,[ 5KL T[ SZJFGF CMI S[ G

SZJFGF CMI H[DS[ GDFh 5-JL VG[ jIFH G BFJ]P VF SFDMG[lJ~wW SZJFG[ H]<D U6FX[P

/ D];,DFG EF.GM V[CT[ZFD SZJM H~ZL K[P 5Z\T] 5MTFGL G DFGJFBFTZ T[GL .hhT ,}\8JL H]<D SC[JFX[P

/ AF5GL lD,STDF\ AC[GGM 5]ZM CS K[P V[ G VF5JM H]<D U6FX[P/ D];,DFG TM ALÔGL E,F. DF8[ 5[NF YIM K[ CJ[ V[ E,F.GL

HuIFV[ TS,LOM VF5[ VF 56 H]<D SC[JFX[P/ D:ÒNGL D]TZ0LVM4 S],ZG]\ 9\0]5F6L JU[Z[ D];<,LVMGF ;C],T

DF8[ CMI K[P 5Z\T] A[GDFhLV[ JF5ZJ]\ H]<D SC[JFX[P

44


/ VF56F 3ZMDF\ JLH/L K[4 T[GF A/TZ DF8[ DL8ZM D]S[,F K[ T[G[ A\WSZL RMZL SZJL V[ 56 H]<D K[ 5KL VFJL ,F.8YL ;U0L 5ZBFJF 5SFJJ]\4 V:+LYL S50F Ý[; SZJF4 .AFNTM SZJL4 VFJL,F.8GF pÔ;DF S]VF"G XZLO 5-J] V[ S[8,]\ lCTFJC U6FX[VF8,L CZFDSFZL KTF\ VF56L U6+L NLGNFZMDF m

/ H]<DYL V<,FCGM VX" H]DL p9[ K[4 5MTFGF UFDDF\ JM8ZJS"; CMIJUZ D\H]ZLYL 5F6L SG[SXG ,[JF4 V[SGF AN,[ 0A, SZJFBZ[BZ H]<D K[P T[D KTF\ VF56[ ;DFHDF\ ;FZF SC[0FJJ]\ K[VG[ ALÔGL A]ZF. SZJL K[P

/ V < , F C 5 F S [ V F 5 6 G [ G [ V D T M V F 5 LVF\B4SFG4GFS4CFY4DF,vNF{,T JU[Z[ VF J:T]VM T[GF C]SDGFlJ~wW H]<D SC[JFX[P

/ VF56FYL SM.G[ OFINM G 5CM\RTM CMI TM VF8,] H~Z SZLV[ S[SM.G[ G]SXFG G 5CMRF0LV[PZ;],]<,FC s;PVPJPfG]\ OZDFG K[ S[ V<,FC TVF,F H[JL ZLT[

ZMÒ JC[R[\ K[ T[JL ZLT[ Vb,FS 56 JC[R[\ K[P V<,FC TVF,F N]lGIFT[G[ 56 VF5[ K[4 H[GFYL DCMaAT CMIP T[ ÔTGL S;D H[GF SaÔDF\DFZM ÒJ K[P A\NM D];,DFG GYL HIF ;]WL T[G]\ lN, VG[ HAFGD];,DFG G AGL ÔIP

EF.VM VFH[ VO;M;GL JFT K[ S[ .:,FDGL A],\NL DF8[ H[SFDM H~ZL CTF T[ H UFIA Y. UIF K[P VG[ H[ Y. ZæF K[ T[ OSTZ;D VFNT D]HA Y. ZæF K[P H[GF SFZ6[ T[GF OFINF VG[ O/M Ô[JFGYL D/TF4 VG[ HIFZ[ 56 SM. J:T]GL CSLST UFIA Y. ÔI tIFZ[T[GL V;Z 56 HTL ZC[ K[P .AFNTMGL V;, VG[ VhDT lN,MYLGLS/L ÔI VG[ BF,L ;]ZTM AFSL ZC[ TM T[ VFNTM U6FI K[P VG[VFJL JFTM SIFDT GÒS CMJFGL lGXFGL K[P

EF.VM VF8,L JFT TM VF56[ AWFH Ô6LV[ KLV[ S[ .:,FDSM. ÔT VG[ SF{D ALZFNZLG]\ GFD GYLP .:,FDDF\ 5[NF YGFZM NZ[SDF6; VF5MVF5 D];,DFG AGL ÔI K[P VG[ V[G[ D];,DFG AGJF

45


DF8[ S\. SZJ] GYL 50T]P H[D S[ X[B VYJF ;{IN S]8] \ADF 5[NFYJFJF/M 5MT[ H X[B VYJF TM ;{IN AGL ÔI K[ T[GF DF8[ S\. SZJ]50T]\ GYLP

.:,FD TM GFD K[ T[ NLGG] \ VG[ T[GF TZLSF 5Z Ò\NULU]ÔZJFG\] H[ V<,FC TZOYL Z;],s;PVPJPf ,FjIF K[ VG[ H[ S]VF"GXZLO VG[ CNLØMDF ATFJJFDF\ VFjI]P V[8,[ H[ SM. 56 NLGV5GFJ[ V[GF TZLSF p5Z RF,[ T[H BZM D];,DFG T[DH NLGNFZU6JFGF ,FIS K[P VG[ H[ ,MSM G TM NLG 5Z RF,[ G TZLSF 5Z RF,[T[ GTM BZF VY"DF\ D];,DFG K[ G TM NLGNFZ SC[JFGF ,FIS K[P

DF,]D 50I] S[ BZF D];,DFG AGJF DF8[ VG[ NLGNFZ AGJFDF8[ A[ JFTM H~ZL K[P V[STM H~ZL VG[ A]lGIFNGL JFTMGL Ô6SFZLD[/J[ VG[ ALH] T[G[ DFGLG[ T[ ÝDF6[ VD, SZJFGM lG6"I SZ[P VFG]H GFD K[ NLGNFZLP

Z;],s;PVPJPfV[ pdDTG[ NLGNFZ AGFJJF DF8[ ZFTvlNJ;V[S SIF"4 H[DF\ D];LATM 56 36L J[9JL 50L4 VF5GF D]AFZS NF\T 56XCLN Y. UIF KTF\ V[S H N]VF V<,FC DFZL SF{DG[ CLNFIT VF5PZFTvlNJ; C]h]Zs;PVPJPf G[ V[H lR\TF ZC[TL S[ pdDT BZF VY"DF\pdDT AGL ÔIP pdD[ ;<DFsZNLPf OZDFJ[ K[ S[ Z;],]<,FCs;PVPJPfZ0L ZæF CTF VF\BMYL VF;]\ JCL ZæF CTFP D[ 5]KI] S[ V[ V<,FCGFZ;],s;PVPJPf TDFZF TM ;J[" VFU,Fv5FK,F U]GFCM DFO SZLN[JFDF\ VFjIF K[ 5KL XF DF8[ TD[ Z0M KM ¦ %IFZF Z;],s;PVPJPfV[HJFA VF%IM S[ pdDTGL RÄTFDF\ Z0L ZæM K] S[ DFZF DZ6 5KLpdDTG]\ X]\ YX[ m lOSZ V[ CTL S[ X]\ DFZL pdDT DFZF 5KL DFZL;]gGTM VG[ DFZF TZLSFVMG[ KM0L D]SX[ m

Z;],]<,FCs;PVPJPf GL SAZ D]AFZS YL H[ ;CFALsZNLPf;F {YL K[<,F GLS?IF CTF T [ OZDFJ [ K [ S [ D [ Ô [I ] S [ %IFZFGALs;PVPJPf GF CM9 D]AFZS CZST SZL ZæF K[P C] DFZM SFGZ;],s;PVPJPf GF D]AFZS CM9 ;]WL ,. UIM TM D[ ;F\E?I] S[GALs;PVPJPf OZDFJL ZæF CTF S[ —— ZaAL pdDTL pdDTLP lJRFZ

46


SZM pdDTGF\ lGU[CAFG G[ S[8,L lOSZ CTL S[ VF pdDT SIFDT ;]WLpdDT AGLG[ H ZC[ VG[ E8SL G ÔIP

5Z\T] CFI VO;M; S[ VFH[ VF56[ SMGF pdDTL K[ T[ E},L A[9FVG[ pdDTL CMJF DF8[ S[JF U]6M CMJF Ô[.V[ T[ 56 E],L UIF H[GFSFZ6[ VFH[ pdDT[ D]C\DNL CMJF KTF\ GFDGF pdDTL K[P T[DHNLGNFZMDF\ U6+L CMJF KTF\ NLGNFZ GYLP

VFH[ NLGL lDhFH V[8,L CN[ AU0L UIM K[ S[ ,MSM NLGYL N]ZVG[ ZLJFÔ[GF 5FA\N T[DH lANVTMGF SFDDF\ DxU], Y. O]h], BRF"SZL NLG N]gIF A\G[J AUF0L ZæF K[P

VFU/ VF56[ Ô^I]\ S[ .:,FDGM VY" V[8,[ V<,FC TVF,FGFNZ[S C]SDDF\ 5}Z[5]ZL OZDFAZNFZL SZJLP NZ[S C]SDG[ DFGL ,[JM VG[5MTFG]\ AW] H 5{NF SZGFZG[ ;M\5L N[J] VG[ 5MT[ 56 T[GF Y. HJ]\PVlCIF ;]WL S[ 5MTFGL NZ[S pdDLN .rKF4VFZFD4B]XLvUD T[GLDZÒ 5Z S]ZAFG SZJLP NZ[S N]oB VG[ D];LATDF\ T[GL DZÒ p5ZZFÒ ZC[J]\P

VF J:T] CX[ TM T[ K[ D];,DFGL VG[ NLGNFZL VG[ .:,FDH[GL S]VF"G XZLODF\ VF ÔC[ZFT SZL K[ S[ —— A[XS ;FRM WD" TMV<,FCGF GHNLS DF+ .:,FD H K[P ˜˜

ChZT B,L,]<,FCsV,Pf GL IFNUFZ S]AF"GLGF AGFJG[ wIFG5}J"S lJRFZ SZJFYL .:,FD VG[ D];,DFGLGM BZM VY" ;DÔI K[VG[ V[ DF8[ H .:,FD[ VF DCFG DS;NG[ GHZ ;DÙ ZFBLG[ ChZT.A|FCLDsV,PfG[ DFGGFZ pdDT[ D]:,LDF CJ[ NZ JØ[" VF 5lJ+S]ZAFGLG[ IFN ZFB[ V[JM C]SD VF%IMP T[YL pdDT[ D]C\DNLs;PVPJPfGF D];,DFGM GF lN,MDF .:,FDL OZDFAZNFZLGM BZM Ô[X 5[NF YFIVG[ D];,DFG BZF VY"DF\ D];,DFG AG[P

D];,DFGMV[ .N VG[ S]AF"GLGF lNJ;MDF N]lGIFGL ;FD[.:,FDGM ;FRM GSXM ZH] SZJMP CZJ]vOZJ]\4BFJFv5LJFGL W}DWFDG[AN,[ OZDFAZNFZL .AFNT4G[SL4CDNNL"4EF.RFZM4NIF4DCMaAT 5[NFSZJFGL SMXLØ SZJLP AÔZ4CM8,M4l;G[DF4S,AMDF\ HJFGF AN,[ VF

47


lNJ;MDF\ D:ÒNMG[ VFAFN SZJLP VF K[ BZL D];,DFGLvVF K[ BZM.:,FDvVF K[ BZL NLGNFZLP

V F56 L N LGN F Z L T M H ]V [ V [ S D F6; C FÒ K [ PGDFh4ZMhF4T:ALCGM 5FA\N K[P Ta,LUG]\ SFD ÒdD[NFZL SZ[ K[P 5Z\T]HDLGM ULZM ,[ K[ VYJF 3ZM ULZM ,[ K[ H[ jIFH] W\WM K[P IFN ZFBMHDLG S[ 3Z ULZM ,.G[ T[GFYL OFINM p9FJJM XZLVT[ .:,FDDF\Ô.h GYLP p<DFVMV[ V[G[ jIFH Sæ] K[P VFH[ VF56[ H[ ,MSMB]<,DB]<,F 5{;FGL ,[J0vN[J0DF\ jIFH] W\WM SZ[ K[ T[GL A]ZF. S[8LSF SZLV[ KLV[P 5Z\T] VFJF K]5F ~:TD XZLVTGL VF0DF NLGTa,LUG[ ANGFD SZGFZFGL 8LSF GYL SZTF V[ VO;M;GL JFT K[P

IFN ZFBM ULZM HDLGGL 5FS BFJL CZFD K[P DSFGG]\ EF0]\ BFJ]CZFD K[ VG[ SZHGF NAF6DF\ H[ S\. OFINM p9FJXM T[ 56 jIFHDF\,BFX[P VCL ;]WLS[ ULZM D]SGFZM V[D SC[S[ VF HDLG TD[ B[0TF ZCMVG[ 5FS BFIF SZÔ[P TM 56 VF DFD,M N]~:T GYLP H[YL D];,DFGCMI TM VFJF DFD,FYL VG[ ,[GvN[GYL 36]H ARJ]\ Ô[.V[P H[YLVF56[ BZF VY"DF\ NLGNFZ AGLV[ VG[ BZF VY"DF\ NLGNFZL ÔC[ZYFI VG[ VFJ\] H SIF" SZLX] TM VFH[ GCL TM SF,[ BAZ 50L HX[ S[VF56L ;JFZL SMGF p5Z SZL CTLP 3M0F 5Z S[ UW[0F 5Z CTFPV<,FC VF56G[ .hhTGL Ò\NUL VF5[ sVFDLGfP

EF.VM VF56[ NLGG[ VM/BJFGL H~Z K[ VG[ H~ZT K[ 5]ZFNLG 5Z VD, SZJFGLP TS,LOM VG[ D];LATM TM VFJX[H 5Z\T] T[DF8SL ZC[X]\ TM NLGvN]lGIF A\G[JDF\ K]8SFZM D/X[P

ChZT pDZsZNLPf OZDFJ[ K[ S[ C]h]Zs;PVPJPfV[ OZDFjI]\ S[NLGGF DFD,FDF D]xSL,M TM VFJX[ 5Z\T] T[GFYL +6 ÝSFZGF ,MSMlCOFhTDF\ ZC[ K[P V[S T[ DF6; H[6[ V<,FCGF NLGG[ AZFAZVM/bIM VG[ 5KL T[GF DF8[ NL,4HAFG VG[ CFYYL ÒCFN SIM"PVFJM DF6; TM NLG 5Z pTZJFGF SFZ6[ VFU/ GLS/L UIMP ALÔ[ T[DF6; H[6[ V<,FCGF NLGG[ VM/bIM 5KL HAFGYL DFgI]P V[8,[ S[B]<,] V[,FG SI]"P VG[ +LÔ[ T[ DF6; H[G[ V<,FCGF NLGG[ VM/bIM

48


5Z\T] R]5 ZæMP SM.G[ ;FZF SFD SZTM Ô[IF TM T[GL ;FY[ DMCaAT SZLVG[ SM.G[ BM8] SFD SZTM Ô[IM TM NL,DF\ T[GL ;FY[ N]xDGL ZFBLP VFDF6; 5MTFGL DMCAAT VG[ N]xDGL KFGL ZFBJF KTF\ GÔTGMD]:TlCS AGL HX[P VF CNLØ VFDTM C]S]DTGF H]<DGF D]SFA,FDFVD,GF AFZFDF\ K[P 5Z\T] VF56F HDFGFDF\ NLGG[ VM/BL RF,LX] TM.gXFV<,FC VF56F DF8[ GÔTGM Z:TM GLS/L HX[P H~ZT K[ NLG5Z VFJJFGL VG[ RF,JFGLP

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ChZT pDZ sZNLPf OZDFJ[ K[ S[ D[ C]h]Zs;PVPJPfYL ;F\E?I]

49


S[ A[XS Ô[ SM. V<,FC TVF,F 5Z EZM;M SZX[ H[JM SZJM Ô[.V[ TMTDMG[ V[JL ZLTYL ZMÒ 5CMRF0X[ H[DS[ 5ÙLVMG[ ZMÒ 5CMRF0[ K[PT[ ;JFZ ;JFZDF\ E}bIF 5[8[ GLS/[ K[ VG[ ;F\H[ 5[8 EZLG[ 5FKF OZ[K[P VG[ VF56[ Ô[.V[ KLV[S[ GFG] KMSZ] N]gIFDF\ 5U D]STF 5C[,F HZhhFS[ VF,D ArRFGL DF\GL KFTLDF\ N}W pTFZL N[ K[P

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50


BAZ 50TL GYLP DFZM NLSZM DM8M GYL YIM A<S[ VF8,F lNJ;MÒ\NULDF\YL VMKF Y. UIF VG[ SAZGL 5F;[ 5CMrIMP VFD4Ò\NULGL 30LVMYL VF56[ A[EFG AGL UIF K[P

VFHSF, VF56FDF\ H[DF NLGNFZM 56 XFlD, K[P ALÒSF{DMGL H[D lZJFÔ[GL 36L 5FA\NL K[P CF,F\S[ Z;], s;PVPJPfG[ H[,MSM ;FRF 5IUdAZ DFGTF CMI V<,FCGM Sl,DM 5-TF CMI T[VFJF lZJFÔ[ SZL H GYL XSTFP XFNLvUDLGF lZJFÔ[ T[ ,MSM SZL XS[K[ H[ .DFGYL DC~D VYJF SDÔ[Z .DFGJF/F CMI SFZ6S[ Z;],s;PVPJPf G] OZDFG K[ S[ TDFZF DFYL SM. DF6; 5]ZM D];,DFGGYL AGL XSTM HIF ;]WL T[GL bJFCLXM DFZF ,FJ[,F NLG ÝDF6[ GY. ÔIP XZLVTDF\ H[ SFDM SZJF H~ZL K[ V[GF AFZFDF\ C]SDM DF{H]NK[ VG[ VD, SZJF DF8[ %IFZF Z;],s;PVPJPfGL hFT[ VSN;VF56F DF8[ GD}GM K[P

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C]h]Z VSZD s;PVPJPfV[ OZDFjI] S[ DiIT ;FY[ +6 ÝSFZGF,MSM ÔI K[P H[DF\YL A[ 5FKF VFJ[ K[ VG[ V[S ;FY[ H ZC[ K[P DiIT;FY[ T[GF 3ZJF/F DF, VG[ VD,M ÔI K[P TM NM:TM H[ VF56M ;FYlGEFJJFDF K[<,[ ;]WL ;FY[ ZC[ K[ T[H JOFNFZ SC[JFI VG[ T[GFYL;A\W ZFBJM Ô[.V[P H[ VF56G[ V;, D\hL, 5Z 5CMRF0L VF5[P


51

lZJFITDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ HIFZ[ SM. U]G[CUFZ SAZDF ÔI K[ TMT[GL ;FY[ SM. BZFA XS, ;FD[ VFJ[ K[P SF/F Z\UGL4U\WFTL4D[,FS50FJF/L V[GL ;FD[ H ZC[ K[P D]N]" T[G[ Ô[.G[ SC[X[ S[ TFZM RC[ZMS[8,M BZFA K[ T[ SC[X[ C] TFZF BZFA VD,M K] TFZF VD,M VFJFHBZFA U\WFTF CTFP 5KL T[ T[GL ;FY[ SIFDT ;]WL ZC[X[P SIFDTDF\OZL T[ XS, SC[X[ S[ bJFlCXM VG[ ,hhTM GL XS,DF\ D[ TG[ N]lGIFDFp9FjIM VFH[ DG[ p9FJLG[ RF, VG[ T[G[ NMhB TZO ,. HX[PH[DS[ .ZXFN[ B]NFJ\NL K[ o

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V[S lNJ; C]h]Zs;PVPJPf ;CFAFsZNLPfG[ OZDFJL ZæF CTF S[TDFZL X]\ CF,T YX[ m HIFZ[ TDFZM HJFG 5F5L AGL HX[P ;CFAFsZNLPf5]KI] S[ X]\ V[J] 56 AGX[ m OZDFjI] S[ CF4 A<S[ T[GFYL ;BTYX[P 5KL VF5s;PVPJPf V[ OZDFjI] S[ TDFZL X]\ CF,T YX[ m HIFZ[TD[ G[SLGF SFDG[ BZFA VG[ BZFA SFDG[ ;FZF ;DHJF ,FUXF[P3Z0M DF6; NF-L D]\0FJLG[ GS,L HJFG AGJF GYL XZDFTM m

V<,FCG]\ ;]ZV[ lG;FVDF ;FO V{,FG K[ S[ S;D K[ TFZF

52


5ZJZ lNUFZGL ,MSM D];,DFG Y.H GYL XSTF HIF\ ;]WL 5MTFGFDFD,FDF\ h30FDF D]g;O G AGFJL ,[P 5KL H[ S\. VF5 O[\;,M SZ[VG[ 5MTFGF lN,MDF\ lNDFUDF DC;]; G SZ[ VG[ 5]ZL ZLT[ V[G[DFGL,[ T:,LD SZL,[P IFN ZFBM ,MSMGL ,FGTYL UEZFIG[ S[ ALG[CS JFT KM0L N[JL T[ VA]TF,LAGM TZLSM K[ VG[ VFBL N]lGIFGL5ZJF SIF" JUZ CSG[ 5S0L ZFBJM V[ D]ÔCLN[ .:,FD C]h{OF lAGIDFGsZNLPfGL ;]gGT K[P

NLGNFZL VG[ .:,FD TM GALs;PVPJPfGL lCNFIT VG[OZDFG ÝDF6[ V<,FC TVF,FGL TFA[NFZL VG[ OZDFAZNFZLG] GFDK[P .:,FDGF 5F\R ~SGMDF\YL NZ[S ~SG 5MTFGL HuIFV[ V8, K[PT[DG[ T[DGF SFINF VG[ p;], ÝDF6[ VD,DF\ ,FJJF H~ZL K[P5MTFGL bJFlCX VG[ VS, ÝDF6[ VD,DF\ ,FJJ] Ô.h GYLP NFPTPS]AF"GLGF N; ~l5IFG]\ ÔGJZ hAC SZJFGL HuIFV[ CÔZ ~l5IFB{ZFT SZL N[JF S]AF"GLGF C]SD 5Z VD, SZJF H[JF GYLP

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N]lGIF ;FD[ NLGNFZLGM GSXM VG[ .:,FDL TF,LDG[ pÔUZSZLV[ H[DF\ VFBL N]lGIFDF\ DFGJTFJFNL VDG4R{G4gIFIL4SDÔ[ZMGLDNN SZGFZF JU[Z[ JU[Z[ H[8,L 56 TF,LD K[ T[GF p5Z VD, SZL;FRL NLGNFZL ATFJLV[ VG[ .:,FDG] GFD ZMXG SZLV[P DF6;[5MTFGF DFl,S DMCl;GGF V[C;FGM CZ5, IFN ZFBJF Ô[.V[

53


SFZ6S[ HIFZ[ 56 V[C;FGM IFN VFJX[ TM T[G[ 5MTFGF V\NZ AN,MVF5JFGM XMB 5[NF YX[P H[ T[G[ V<,FCGL .AFNT VG[ OZDFAZNFZL5Z pEFZX[P

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,J SFG} IVŸ,D}GS[ N]lGIFGL OZFCDLDF C[ZFG 5Z[XFG VG[ ,FU[,F H ZC[J] VF V[S

54


GSN VhFA K[P H[ VFBLZTGF VhFA 5C[,F UFlO, VG[ GFOZDFGDF6;M 5Z V<,FC TZOYL GF\BJFDF VFJ[ K[P

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55


GFZFH SZJFGL lC\DT S[JL ZLT[ Y. XS[P VG[ CJ[ TM ;ÔGL 56 ALSK[P E,[ N]lGIFDF\ ;Ô D/L ÔI VYJF OST VFlBZTDF\ N]lGIFGL;Ô H V[ K[ S[ T[ DF6;G[ N]lGIFYL DMCaAT VG[ VFlBZTYL N}ZLY. ÔI K[P V[GF\YL lN, DHA]T YFI K[ VG[ NLG SDÔ[Z Y. ÔI K[PH[YL lJRFZ[ S[ N]lGIFTM BTD Y. HGFZL K[P BF; SZLG[ 5MTFGL ëDZ36LH H<NL 5]ZL Y. HX[P VG[ tIF\GF AGFJM ;FD[ VFJL HX[P SAZGMDFD,M4SIFDTGM lC;FAvlSTFA4HgGTGM AN,M4NMhBGM VhFA;FD[ VFJL HX[P VF lJRFZJFYL U]GFCM TZO wIFG GlC\ ÔI HIFZ[U]GFCM GCL\ CMI TM VF56M DS;N NLGNFZL VFJL HX[P HIFZ[NLGNFZL 5Z DF{T VFJX[ TM VF56L V;, D\Ò, HgGTDF\ 5CM\RLH.X]\P s.gXFV<,FCfP

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NLGNFZL SMG[ SC[JFI m NLGNFZL038] D… · nlgnfzl smg[ sc[jfi m vo ;\5fns ov sdjpf vpz"cdfg djp v,l...

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Transcript of NLGNFZL SMG[ SC[JFI m NLGNFZL038] D… · nlgnfzl smg[ sc[jfi m vo ;\5fns ov sdjpf vpz"cdfg djp v,l...