Myślenie decyzje język 4

8/3/2019 Myślenie decyzje język 4

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/myslenie-decyzje-jezyk-4 1/28

?5;;;?;8 ;

IPŝDNL@N

CNGP]MNMĘ]PB

U`jsr Frklg~}

BKSNC_K

UWPGHJDJA@@,

NBWUN_PINLSKDLNM,BKSJD@GB@ ^L@QN_WPSNS D^ONDWB@ MKLK UKQŋK @@ qqq,b~d,d~od`l,ud*bun



?5;;;?;8 ?

MĘ]PB k ijqk (cn Wk~wwkrn)

Ijqk sj }mkq`wbj q}kmnilnajujrj}~i`nqkl`k w`Đ d~c}` aŏ÷ql`n }kujijgĎ cŽq`Đb÷q (qs÷rl`n }kujijgĎ anws÷q g}p snŴ q fjri`nu`wklnm),

MĐ}pb sj wpwsni }lkb÷q

qprkŴkmĎgpgh ujmĐg`k ` rna~ŏujwŏ~a`qkl`k w`Đ l`i`



?5;;;?;8 7

MĘ]PB k ijqk (Ghjiwbp)

bjiunsnlgmĐ mĐ}pbjqĎ (gjiunsnlgn) ‗ mnws sj q`nc}k`cnkdlnaj ~Ŵpsbjql`bk mĐ}pbk$ qbs÷rĎ qpujwkŴjlp mnws bkŴcp g}ŏjq`nb

rnkd`}kgmĐ mĐ}pbjqĎ (unrfjriklgn)‗ wujw÷o qpbjr}pwskl`k qrjc}jlpgh

bjiunsnlgm` mĐ}pbjqpgh ur}n}bjlbrnslpgh d~c}`



?5;;;?;8 3

MĘ]PB Cnf`l`gmk (B~rg})

mnws wpwsnini $ bs÷rp ~sr}pi~mn w`Đc}`Đb` ur}nbw}skŏgnl`ji

mnws kowsrkbgpmlp q jcr÷Ŵl`nl`~ jcbjlbrnsljŒg` kbs÷q i÷q`nl`k

ik wujŏng}lp ghkrkbsnr$ acpŴ ~ijŴd`q`kujrj}~i`nqkl`n w`Đ g}ŏjlb÷q cklnajwujŏng}nŃwsqk

mnws wpwsnini }lkbjq pi

(wni`jspg}lpi) mnws wpwsnini rna~ŏ ŏĎg}Ďgpgh }lkb`

mĐ}pbjqn



?5;;;?;8 >

MĘ]PB Wpwsni }lkbjqp

]lkb ‗ bjlbrnslp ur}nci`js d~o }mkq`wbj$ bs÷rnqwbk}~mn (}kwsĐu~mn)$ g}pd` j}lkg}k `llp ur}nci`js$wskl r}ng}p$ bjlbrnslp d~o kowsrkbgpmlp

@lsnlgmjlkdljŒā }lkb~=

]lkb mnws qsncp }lkb`ni$ b`ncp }jwskmn ~Ŵpsp ur}n}lkckqgĐ } `lsnlgmĎ }kbji~l`bjqkl`k g}najŒ(ur}nbk}kl`k `lfjrikgm`) jco`jrgp (O~pwwnlw$ ;037)

bjl`ng}lĎ ` qpwskrg}kmĎgĎ gnghĎ }lkb~ mnws sj$ Ŵnj}lkg}k jl gjŒ `llnaj l`n}kdnŴl`n jc `lsnlgm`lkckqgp (Okrshnw$ ;063)

]lkb` c}`ndĎ w`Đ lk= kro`srkdln$ bjlqnlgmjlkdln (}lkb` qŏkŒg`qn)

~ijspqjqkln (j}lkb`)



?5;;;?;8 6

MĘ]PB ]lkb` kro`srkdln ` ~ijspqjqkln

]lkb`ni bjlqnlgmjlkdlpi mnws bkŴcp ur}nci`js$bs÷rp gjŒ j}lkg}k lk }kwkc}`n ~ijqp lu, wujŏng}lnm(mĐ}pb` lks~rkdln d~o w}s~g}ln)

MnŴnd` i`Đc}p }lkb`ni k j}lkg}klpi ur}nci`jsni

`wsl`nmn }q`Ď}nb ur}pg}pljqp d~o ujcjo`nŃwsqj$q÷qg}kw skb`n }lkb` lk}pqk w`Đ ~ijspqjqklpi`

Cj }lkb÷q ~ijspqjqklpgh lkdnŴĎ= j}lkb` (lu, cpi j}lkg}k ja`nŃ)

wpiusjip (lu, qpwpubk lk g`ndn mkbj wpiusji

ghjrjop) jork}p (}lkb` `bjl`g}ln) lu, fjsjarkf`k$ rpw~lnb$ kdn

skbŴn urjmnbs$ wghniks$ ikuk ` ndninlsp “mĐ}pbkg`kŏk’



?5;;;?;8 8

MĘ]PB Arkikspbk

Wpwsni rna~ŏ mĐ}pbk$ g}pd` arkikspbk jbrnŒdkur}pmĐsp q cklpi mĐ}pb~ wujw÷o ŏĎg}nl`k r÷Ŵlpgh}lkb÷q mĐ}pbk q }ckl`k ` qpujq`nc}`

_na~ŏp arkikspg}ln c}`ndĎ w`Đ lk=

wplskbspg}ln (wbŏkcl`jqn)$ bs÷rn c}`kŏkmĎ q cq÷ghuŏkw}g}p}lkgh= uj}`jinm wplskaikspg}lnm jbrnŒdkmĎgnm }kwkcp

ŏĎg}nl`k qprk}÷q qn frk}p

u`jljqnm$ ukrkcpaikspg}lnm jbrnŒdkmĎgnm }kwkcp}kwsĐujqkdljŒg` qprk}÷q (d~o gkŏpgh frk}) lk }kwkc}`n=

wpljlì`` (od`wbj}lkg}ljŒg`) hùjlì`` (}kq`nrkl`k w`Đ)

klsjlì`` (ur}ng`qwskqljŒg`)

ijrfjdja`g}ln



?5;;;?;8 0

MĘ]PB Ujcwskqjqn f ~lbgmn

rnurn}nlskspqlk (ju`wjqk$ rnfnrnlgmkdlk$jcl`nw`nl`jqk$ wpiojd`g}lk$ `cnkgpmlk) ‗qŏkŒg`qjŒā mĐ}pbk$ ujdnakmĎgk lk

ur}ncwskq`kl`~ r}ng}pq`wsjŒg`uj}kmĐ}pbjqnm

bji~l`bkgpmlk ‗ qŏkŒg`qjŒā mĐ}pbk$ujdnakmĎgk lk ijŴd`qjŒg` ujwŏ~a`qkl`k w`Đl`i q gnd~ ujrj}~i`nqkl`k w`Đ i`Đc}p

d~cŽi` f, nbwurnwpqlk ‗ wpiusji wskl~ lkckqgp

f, nqjbkgpmlk ‗ wpalkŏ cdk jco`jrgp



?5;;;?;8 ;5

MĘ]PB (Hjgbnss$ Kdsikll)

Gnghp mĐ}pbk lks~rkdlnaj

cq~wsjul`jqjŒā (cq~uj}`jijqjŒā) jrakl`}kgm`wsr~bs~rkdlnm= uj}`ji arkikspg}lp ` uj}`jifjljdja`g}lp

kro`srkdljŒā (bjlqnlgmjlkdljŒā) }lkb÷q mĐ}pbjqpgh

q jcr÷Ŵl`nl`~ jc `bjl`g}ljŒg` j}lkb ` jork}÷q urjc~bspqljŒā (brnkspqljŒā) ‗ ijŴd`qjŒā

sqjr}nl`k ljqpgh }lkg}nŃ lk ~Ŵpsnb bji~l`bkgm`wujŏng}lnm

l`ng`ĎaŏjŒā (cpwbrnsljŒā) wpalkŏ÷q mĐ}pbk ‗

i`l`ikdln r÷Ŵl`gn fjrikdln i`Đc}p }lkbki` ijaĎ jcljw`ā cj skb`gh ur}nci`js÷q$ i`Đc}p bs÷rpi` l`n`wsl`nmĎ fjrip ujŒrncl`n2 wpwsnip `bjl`g}ln lk ja÷ŏghkrkbsnrp}~mĎ w`Đ g`ĎaŏjŒg`Ď



?5;;;?;8 ;;

MĘ]PB Mncljwsb` ` `gh jrakl`}kgmk

Fjlni ujcwskqjqk (kowsrkbgpmlk) mncljwsbk wpwsni~ fjljdja`g}lnaj mĐ}pbk$bs÷rnaj cŽq`ĐbjqĎ (bjlbrnslĎ) rnkd`}kgmĎ mnws aŏjwbk

Aŏjwbk ‗ lkmil`nmw}k l`nujc}`ndlk g}Ďwsbkfjrip cŽq`Đbjqnm mĐ}pbk$ krspb~ŏjqklk$s}l, rnkd`}jqklk ur}p unqlpi jbrnŒdjlpi `wskŏpi ~bŏkc}`n lkr}Ďc÷q ijqp

Aŏjwb` c}`ndĎ w`Đ lk= wkijaŏjwb` `wu÷ŏaŏjwb`$ bs÷rn q r÷Ŵlpgh bjio`lkgmkghsqjr}Ď g`Ďa` fjl`g}ln unrgpujqkln mkbjunqln gkŏjŒg`$ sm, wpdkop



?5;;;?;8 ;?

MĘ]PB Mncljwsb` ` `gh jrakl`}kgmk

Ijrfni ‗ ujcwskqjqk (kowsrkbgpmlk) mncljwsbk }lkg}Ďgk (wniklspg}lk) wpwsni~ijrfjdja`g}lnaj mĐ}pbk

]ŏjŴnl`k ijrfni÷q (dnbwpbkdlpgh `arkikspg}lpgh) }ajcl`n } rna~ŏki`wplskbspg}lpi` cklnaj mĐ}pbk ckmĎ qnfnbg`n qprk}p ` `gh kowsrkbgpmlĎ

rnurn}nlskgmĐ$ g}pd` dnbwnip jrk} }ckl`k ]ckl`n mnws ujcwskqjqĎ mncljwsbĎ mĐ}pbk

lk uj}`ji`n wplskbspg}lpi



?5;;;?;8 ;7

MĘ]PB Bjiunsnlgmk mĐ}pbjqk (Ghjiwbp)

D~c}`n rj}~i`nmĎ ` sqjr}Ď ljqn qpujq`nc}`q mĐ}pb~$ q`Đg i~w}Ď jln opāujcujr}Ďcbjqkln mkb`iŒ wskŏpi rna~ŏjiarkikspg}lpi snaj mĐ}pbk

]ksni q ~ipŒdn g}ŏjq`nbk i~w`f~lbgmjljqkā inghkl`}i$ bs÷rp lkujcwskq`n jco`nrklpgh qpujq`nc}` qcklpi mĐ}pb~ jcsqkr}k ` qpsqkr}k

wfjrikd`}jqklĎ arkikspbĐ snaj mĐ}pbk$ g}pd` bw}skŏs~mn bjiunsnlgmĐ mĐ}pbjqĎ



?5;;;?;8 ;3

MĘ]PB Bjiunsnlgmk mĐ}pbjqk (Ghjiwbp)

Snl h`ujsnspg}lp inghkl`}i lk}pqk w`Đ~r}Ďc}nl`ni cj ur}pwqkmkl`k mĐ}pbk (dkla~kan kg{~`w`s`jl cnv`gn DKC)

Urjgnw lkopqkl`k bjiunsnlgm` mĐ}pbjqnm

ur}no`nak qa lkwsĐu~mĎgnaj wghniks~= qpujq`nc}` q mĐ}pb~ D ↟ DKC ↟

wfjrikd`}jqklk arkikspbk mĐ}pbk D 9bjiunsnlgmk mĐ}pbjqk

Bjiunsnlgmk mĐ}pbjqk ‗ q`nc}k ~skmjlk

(skg`s bljqdncan)$ l`n~Œq`kcki`klk$uj}qkdk lk ~Ŵpqkl`n mĐ}pbk ` jgnlĐujurkqljŒg` bjlbrnslpgh qpujq`nc}`



?5;;;?;8 ;6

Snjr`k arkikspb` anlnrkspqlj‗srklwfjrikgpmlnm (Ghjiwbp)

arkikspbk anlnrkspqlj‗srklwfjrikgpmlk ju`w~mn= rna~ŏp anlnrjqkl`k$ qpsqkr}kl`k }ckŃ

mĐ}pbk

rna~ŏp srklwfjrikgm` (ur}nsqkr}kl`k) mnclpgh fjrip }ckl`k q `lln



?5;;;?;8 ;1

_na~ŏp mĐ}pbk

MĐ}pb 9 }o`÷r }ckŃ

_na~ŏp fjljdja`g}ln

_na~ŏp wplskbspg}ln

_na~ŏp wniklspg}ln

g`Ďa` cŽq`Đb÷q }lkg}nl`k }ckŃ

}ckl`k

Wnlwjqlk qpujq`ncŽ q mĐ}pb~

ijrfnip



?5;;;?;8 ;8

Wsr~bs~rk mĐ}pbk

Wbŏkcl`b wplskbspg}lp

Wbŏkcl`b fjljdja`g}lp

Wbŏkcl`b wniklspg}lp

W~owbŏkcl`b srklwfjrikgpmlp W~owbŏkcl`b

ok}jqp

dnbwpbjl_na~ŏp

Wsr~bs~rfrk}jqpgh



?5;;;?;8 ;0

AŋĘOJBK WS_^BS^_K MĘ]PBK Wbŏkcl`b wplskbspg}lp

urjc~b~mn g`Ďa` qprk}÷q (ijrfni÷q)$sqjr}Ďgn }ckl`n qa jbrnŒdjlnaj bjc~

w~owbŏkcl`b srklwfjrikgpmlp ‗srklwfjri~mn wbŏkcl`Đ (wplskbwĐ) skb$ kop

opŏk lkmod`Ŵw}k }ki`nr}jlni~ }lkg}nl`~}ckl`k

w~owbŏkcl`b ok}jqp= rna~ŏp wsr~bs~r frk}jqpgh ‗ c}`ndĎ }ckl`n lk

frk}p$ lu, lji`lkdlĎ ` qnrokdlĎ dnbwpbjl ‗ mnws o`od`jsnbĎ }lkg}Ďgpgh

ijrfni÷q$ kdn `gh }lkg}nl`n q }ckl`~jwsksng}l`n }kdnŴln jc wplskbspb`$ k l`nwniklspb`



?5;;;?;8 ?5

UJQ@N_]GHL@JQK WS_^BS^_K MĘ]PBK Wbŏkcl`b wniklspg}lp ` fjljdja`g}lp

Wbŏkcl`b wniklspg}lp unlnsr~mn wsr~bs~rĐ aŏĐojbĎ }ckl`k$ g}pd` mnaj

}lkg}nl`n ` }ki`nr}jlp wnlw

bjc~mn ` cnbjc~mn (`lsnrurns~mn) }lkg}nl`n }ckl`k

qpanlnrjqklnaj ur}n} wbŏkcl`b wplskbspg}lp mnws skbŴn jcujq`nc}`kdlp }k `lsnrurnskgmĐ wnlw~

jcnorklnaj }ckl`k

Wbŏkcl`b fjljdja`g}lp urjc~b~mn g`Ďa` cŽq`Đb÷q sqjr}Ďgpgh qpujq`ncŽ

}ajcl`n } qŏkwlĎ `lsnrurnskgmĎ }lkg}nl`n }ckl`kqpanlnrjqklnaj ur}n} wbŏkcl`b wplskbspg}lp

lkckmn wnlw }ckl`~ }k ujijgĎ jbrnŒdjlnm fjripqpujq`nc}nl`k (urj}jc`k)



?5;;;?;8 ?;

MĘ]PB Bjiunsnlgmk bji~l`bkgpmlk

MncljwsbĎ bjiunsnlgm`bji~l`bkgpmlnm mnws qpujq`ncŽ$ qbs÷rnm ur}nbk}pqklp mnws=

wĎc (dnŴĎgp ~ ujcwskq }ckl`k$ bs÷rnwskljq` mncljwsbĐ bjiunsnlgm` mĐ}pbjqnm)

`lsnlgmk i÷q`Ďgnaj (cdkg}naj i÷q` sj$

gj i÷q`) Qpujq`nc}` ~bŏkckmĎ w`Đ q q`Đbw}n

gkŏjŒg` sqjr}Ďg cpwb~rw



?5;;;?;8 ??

MĘ]PB Kbs ijqp (K~ws`l$ Wnkrdn)

Kbs ijqp }kq`nrk srnŒā `lsnlgm` i÷q`Ďgnaj

Sr}p ujsnlgmkdln kwunbsp kbs÷q ijqp= djb~gpmlp (sqjr}nl`n ` krspb~ŏjqkl`n

qpujq`nc}`) ‗ srnŒā wĎc~$ `ddjb~gpmlp (`lsnlgmjlkdljŒā qpujq`nc}`) ‗ Mk

" g}kwjql`b unrfjrikspqlp " sjo`n " cdksnaj$Ŵn…

unrdjb~gpmlp ‗ wb~snb$ mkb` cklk qpujq`ncŽqpqkrŏk lk jco`jrgp (rnkbgmk nijgmjlkdlk$qpbjlkl`n unqlnm g}plljŒg`)



?5;;;?;8 ?7

MĘ]PB Kbs ijqp (K~ws`l$ Wnkrdn)

WĎc= “u`Đblp c}`Œ c}`nŃ’

Kbs ijqp (q lkq`kwkgh …y kwunbs `ddjb~gpmlp)= Mk " i÷q`Đ " sjo`n "y “ u`Đblp c}`Œ c}`nŃ’ "

cdksnaj$ Ŵn ghgĐ ~i÷q`ā w`Đ } sjoĎ lk okwnly

Sk wkik srnŒā wĎc~ u ijŴn w`Đ q`Ď}kā }r÷Ŵlpi` kbski` `ddjb~gpmlpi`

Aŏ÷qlĎ gnghĎ kbs~ `ddjb~gpmlnaj mnws mnajw`ŏk (fjrgn)



?5;;;?;8 ?3

MĘ]PB (Wnkrdn)

Kbsp ijqp }n q}adĐc~ lk `ddjb~gpmljŒā

kwnrgmn ‗ `gh gndni mnws ur}ncwskq`nl`n wĎc÷q$qprkŴnl`n wqjmnaj ur}nbjlkl`k lu, qĎsu`nl`n$ujc}`q$ ur}ng}nl`n$ ur}pu~w}g}nl`n$ ur}nq`cpqkl`n

cprnbspqp ‗ `gh gndni mnws qpqkrg`n lkg`wb~ lk

jco`jrgĐ ` quŏpl`Đg`n lk mnaj }kghjqkl`n$ lu,rj}bk}p$ urjŒop$ upskl`k

}jojq`Ď}kl`k ‗ `gh gndni mnws ujcmĐg`n c}`kŏkl`kkdoj }jojq`Ď}kl`n$ lu, jo`nsl`gn$ arjŽop

nbwurnwmn ‗ `gh gndni mnws qprkŴnl`n qŏkwlpgh

wskl÷q nijgmjlkdlpgh$ ujwskq lu, arks~dkgmn$bjlcjdnlgmn$ ujc}`Đbjqkl`k,

cnbdkrkgmn ‗ `gh gndni mnws wsqjr}nl`n ljqnaj wskl~r}ng}plu, jaŏjw}nl`n qprjb~$ lkckl`n `i`nl`k



?5;;;?;8 ?>

Kbsp ijqp }n q}adĐc~ lkwujw÷o qprkŴnl`k `lsnlgm`

on}ujŒrncl`n kbsp ijqp ‗`lsnlgmk mnws qprkŴjlk qurjws ` mnwsjcg}pspqklk l`n}kdnŴl`n jc wps~kgm`

ujŒrncl` kbs ijqp ‗ `lsnlgmĐlkdnŴp jcg}pspqkā bjlsnbwsjqj$ qr÷Ŵlpgh wps~kgmkgh snl wki snbwsijŴn i`nā `lln }lkg}nl`n, Wŏ~ghkg}i~w` jcbrpā sĐ }ki`nr}jlĎ$ ghjāon}ujŒrncl`j l`n qprkŴjlĎ `lsnlgmĐ,



?5;;;?;8 ?6

MĘ]PB ]kwkcp nfnbspqlnm bji~l`bkgm`

]kwkck r}ng}pq`wsjŒg` jcljw` w`Đcj srnŒg` qpujq`nc}`, ]ajcl`n } l`Ď wŏ~ghkg} `lsnrurns~mn ur}nbk}pqklni~ wĎcp mkbj ikmĎgn wnlw `jcljw}Ďgn w`Đ cj Œq`ksk rnkdlnaj

]kwkck bjjunrkgm` qpikak jc jo~

~g}nwsl`b÷q unqlnaj qpw`ŏb~ qcĎŴnl`~ cj gnd~ cpwb~rw~



?5;;;?;8 ?1

MĘ]PB Ikbwpip Ar`gn‐k

ikbwpik `djŒg`= “~g}pŃ wq÷m qpbŏkc lkspdn `lfjrikgpmlp$ lk `dn qpikak snajkbs~kdlp wskl cpwb~rw~’ 9 i÷q spdn `dnujsr}nok2

ikbwpik mkbjŒg`= “i÷q j spi lk gjikw} cjqjcp ` j g}naj urkqc}`qjŒg` mnwsnŒur}nbjlklp’ 9 i÷q urkqcĐ

ikbwpik jcujq`ncl`jŒg`= “i÷q lksniks’

ikbwpik wujwjo~= “~l`bkmcq~}lkg}ljŒg`$ l`nmkwljŒg`$ u~wsjwŏjq`k$oĎcŽ dja`g}lp’ 9 i÷q }rj}~i`kdn



?5;;;?;8 ?8

Myślenie decyzje język 4

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