=:

=kNj uhkhE[ha ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek: =kj; tujFUNt ek:

Mo;thuhrhh;ah;fs; jdpad;fs;, thopj;jpUehkq;fs;

Mo;thh;fs; / Mrhhpah;fs; jdpad;, ehs; ghl;L, thopj;jpUehkk;, kq;fs ];Nyhfk; Kjypaitfs; jpUel;rj;jpu fpukkhf fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. midtUk; ,jid jpdKk; me;j jpd jpUel;rj;jpuj;Jf;F Vw;wthW mEre;jpf;fyhk;. ehs; ghl;L ,y;yhj Mrhh;ah;fSf;F fPNo nfhLj;Js;s cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 36Mk; ghRuj;ij mEre;jpf;fyhk;. njUSw;w Mo;thh;fs;. rPh;;ik mwpthuhh;. mUspr; nraiy mwpthuhh;. - mUs; ngw;w

ehjKdp Kjyhk;* ek; Njrpfiu my;yhy; Ngij kdNk! cz;Nlh NgR.

(*Kjyhd vd;w ghlKk; cz;L)

fPNo nfhLj;Js;s jdpad;fs;, thopj;jpUehkq;fs;, ehs; ghl;L Kjypaitfs;

Gj;J}H; ];thkp njhFj;J mUspAs;s epj;ahEre;jhdk; vd;Dk; Gj;jfj;jpypUe;Jk; , Gj;J}h; = uFkhd; ];thkp (= ghyh[p) njhFj;J mUspAs;s Mo;thuhrhh;ah;fs; thopj;jpUehkq;fs; vd;Dk; Gj;jfj;jpypUe;Jk; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Gj;J}h; ];thkp

Gj;jfj;jpy; jdpad;fSk;, thopj;jpUehkq;fSk; jdpj; jdpahf nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

mbNad; ,itfs; ,uz;ilAk; Nrh;j;Jk;, me;je;j Mo;thh;fspd;/ Mrhh;ah;fspd;

ehs; ghl;L, njhq;fy;, rPh;, kq;fs ];Nyhfq;fs;; Kjyhdtw;iw njhFj;Jk; el;rj;jpu fpukkhf nfhLj;Js;Nsd;. rpy Mrhh;ah;fspd; jdpad;fs; kw;Wk; thopj;jpUehkq;fis nfhLj;J cjtpa mbNaDila ez;gh;fs; mizth;f;Fk; ed;wpia njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;. ,q;F =kzthskhKdpfs; fhyk; tiu

tho;e;j Mrhh;ah;fspd; jdpad;fs;, thopj;jpUehkq;fs; jhd; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mth; fhyj;jpw;F gpd; mtjhpj;j jq;fSila Mrhh;ah;fspd; jdpad;fs;, kw;Wk; thopj;jpUehkq;fis ,j;Jld; Nrh;j;J mEre;jpf;fyhk;. rpy thopj;jpUehkq;fspy;

ghlNgjq;fs; cs;sd. mitfis Nfhtpy;/jpUkhspif tof;fj;Jf;F Vw;whh;Nghy; khw;wpf; nfhz;L mEre;jpf;fTk;.

nghUslf;fk;; thpir vz;

jpUel;rj;jpuk; / Mo;thuhrhh;ah;fs; jpUehkk; / jpUttjhpj;j khjk;

gf;fk;

1 mr;tpdp

tLfek;gp – rpj;jpiu rpwpa Nfhtpe;jg;ngUkhs; - khrp; khnwhd;wpy;yh khUjpr; rpwpahz;lhd; - khh;fop

6 – 7

2 guzp mUshsg;ngUkhs; vk;ngUkhdhh; - fhh;j;jpif <Az;zp khjtg;ngUkhs; - fhh;j;jpif

8 – 10

3 fhh;j;jpif jpUkq;ifaho;thh; - fhh;j;jpif ca;af;nfhz;lhh; - rpj;jpiu ek;gps;is - fhh;j;jpif [Pah; ehadhh; - rpj;jpiu

11 – 16

4 Nuh`pzp nghpa ngUkhs; - gq;Fdp fz;zd; - Mtzp jpUg;ghzho;thh; - fhh;j;jpif

jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; ek;gp – itfhrp vq;fsho;thd; - rpj;jpiu nghpathr;rhd;gps;is - Mtzp ehadhuhr;rhd;gps;is - Mtzp =ngUk;G+J}h; xd;whd vk;ghh; [Pah; - Mtzp

17 – 24

5 kpUfrPhp\k;

jpUf;fr;rp ek;gp – khrp jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd; - Mtzp Re;juj;NjhSilahd; - khrp jpUf;NfhtY}h; xd;whd vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; - ij

25 – 27

6 jpUthjpiu vk;ngUkhdhh; - rpj;jpiu N]hkhrpahz;lhd; - rpj;jpiu myq;fhuNtq;flth; - khh;fop Ml;nfhz;ltpy;yp [Pah; - rpj;jpiu $uFNyhj;jkjh]h; - Ig;grp

28 – 32

7 Gdh;G+rk; rf;uth;j;jp jpUkfd; - rpj;jpiu FyNrfuho;thh; - khrp Kjypahz;lhd; - rpj;jpiu vk;ghh; - ij xd;whd thdkhkiy [Pah; - Gul;lhrp gj;jq;fp gut];J gl;lh;gpuhd; [Pah; - fhh;j;jpif

33 – 41

fe;jhilahz;lhd; - khrp

xd;whd uhkhE[k; gps;is – gq;Fdp mj;jq;fp Fkhu jhj;jhrhhpahh; - gq;Fdp

8 G+rk;

nry;tg;gps;is – gq;Fdp nry;t ek;gp – Mtzp

gpujpthjp gaq;fuk; mz;zh – Mb =ngUk;G+J}h; xd;whd ajpuh[ [Pah; - Ig;grp

42 – 44

9 Mapy;ak;

khwNdhp ek;gp – Mdp nfhkhz;�h; ,isatpy;yp Mr;rhd; - rpj;jpiu

gps;isAwq;fhtpy;yp jh]h; - khrp

45 – 46

10 kfk; jpUkopiraho;thh; - ij

kzf;fhy; ek;gp – khrp jpUkhiyahz;lhd; - khrp fe;jhil mg;gd; - Gul;lhrp

47 – 49

11 G+uk; aJfphpehr;rpahh; - Mb Mz;lhs; - Mb fe;jhil Njhog;gh; - Mb

50 – 52

12 cj;jpuk; =uq;fehr;rpahh; - gq;Fdp jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; jpUkhkfs; ehr;rpahh; - gq;Fdp eQ;rPah; - gq;Fdp

53 – 55

13 `];jk; gjhPP ehuhazg;ngUkhs; - Mb Njtg;ngUkhs; - rpj;jpiu jpUehuazg;ngUkhs; - gq;Fdp $uj;jho;thd; - ij jpUtuq;fj;jKjdhh; - gq;Fdp fplhk;gpahr;rhd; - rpj;jpiu <r;rk;ghb Mr;rhd; - ij mg;ghr;rpahuz;zh - Mtzp

56 – 59

14 rpj;jpiu kJuftpaho;thh; - rpj;jpiu mee;jho;thd; - rpj;jpiu elJ}uk;khs; - rpj;jpiu xd;whd =kj; Mj;jhd; ];thkp - Mtzp

60 – 64

15 ];thjp mofparpq;fh; - itfhrp nghpaho;thh; - Mdp

nghpa jpUkiyek;gp – itfhrp

65 – 69

mofg;gpuhd; - Gul;lhrp

tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg;gps;is – Mdp thjpNfrhp mofpakzthsr;rPah; - Mdp nghpa ஶ{j;j]j;j;tk; mz;zd; - khrp

njhl;ilaq;fhug;ig – ij 16 tprhfk;

ek;kho;thh; - itfhrp FUiff;fhtyg;gd; - ij gps;is jpUkiy ek;gp - itfhrp guhq;Frek;gp - itfhrp M#hpg;ngUkhs; - Mdp jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is - itfhrp

70 – 74

17 mD\k; =ke; ehjKdpfs; - Mdp nghpa gl;lh; - itfhrp =uhkg;gps;is - itfhrp

75 – 76

18 Nfl;il njhz;lubg;nghbfs; - khh;fop nghpaek;gp - khh;fop jpUtuq;fg;ngUkhs; miuah; - itfhrp nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; - Mtzp $uehuaz [Pah; - khh;fop

ehY}uhr;rhd; gps;is – khh;fop mz;zhtpyg;gd; - khrp

77 – 80

19 %yk; kzthskhKdpfs; - Ig;grp

81 – 86

20 G+uhlk; Nrid Kjypahh; - Ig;grp jpUehuhazGuj;J Ma; - Ig;grp

87 – 88

21 cj;jpuhlk; Mste;jhh; - Mb =Gz;lhPfhக்ஷh; - Mb

rz;lkhUjk; njhl;ilahrhh;ah; - khrp

89 – 90

22 jpUNthzk; jpUNtq;flKilahd; - Gul;lhrp jpUnts;siw Gz;lhPfhக்ஷh; - gq;Fdp

jpUnts;siwg; gq;far;nry;tp ehr;rpahh; - gq;Fdp jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; =cufnky;yizahd;- Ig;grp ngha;ifaho;thh; - Ig;grp njw;fho;thd; - Mb jpUfz;zkq;ifahz;lhd; - Mdp <r;rk;ghb [Pah; - Mdp jpUf;FWq;Fb =NguUshs uhkhE[ [Pah;- rpj;jpiu

91 – 100

epj;a jdpad; kl;Lk; cs;s Mrhhpah;fs; - 110

thopj;jpUehkq;fis mEre;jpg;gjd; gad; , Mo;thh;fs; gd;dpUthpd; thopj;jpUehkk; - 111 ,ay;rhj;J 112 - 113 rhj;JKiw 114 - 115 kq;fs ];Nyhfq;fs; 116 - 118

gps;isNyhfhrhh;ah; - Ig;grp Ntjhe;jNjrpfd; - Gul;lhrp gps;isNyhfk; [Pah; - rpj;jpiu QhdjpU\;b mofg;gq;fhh; - rpj;jpiu tpQ;r%h; jhjhr;rhhpah; - rpj;jpiu jpUf;NfhtY}h; Mo;thd; - Mtzp muzGuj;jho;thd; - gq;Fdp

23 mtpl;lk; G+jj;jho;thh; - Ig;grp mofpa kzthsg;ngUkhs; ehadhh; - khh;fop eLtpy; jpUtPjp gl;lh; - Ig;grp

tue;jUk; ngUkhs; mg;ig – Mtzp

101 – 102

24 rjak; Ngaho;thh; - Ig;grp gpd;gofpa ngUkhs; [Pah; - Ig;grp

103 -104

25 G+ul;lhjp

nrhl;il ek;gp – ij ehY}uhd; - ij Nfhapy; fe;jhil mz;zd; - Gul;lhrp

105 -106

26 cj;jpul;lhjp

tpshQ;Nrhiyg;gps;is – Ig;grp Vl;�h; rpq;fuhrhh;ah; - Mb

fe;jhil ehad; - khh;fop

107 -107

27 Nutjp ek;ngUkhs; - rpj;jpiu

vWk;gpag;gh – Ig;grp

108 -109

nghJj;jdpad; mk;Gtpap yho;thh;f shz;lhs; kJuftp

jk;gjpehs; khje; jkpo;j;njhifia – ek;Gtpf;Nf nrg;Gsh kpd;wdkha;r; Nrh;e;jngU thopnra;j mg;Gshd; jhNs auz;. 1)mr;tpdp el;rj;jpuk;

a) tLfek;gp - rpj;jpiu

jdpad; irj;Nu j;tஶ;tpdp ]Q;[hjk; ]k;]huhh;z tjhufk; / uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; Me;j;uG+h;z k`k; gN[ //

uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; ]hyf;uhk epth]pek; / gQ;rNkhgha ]k;ge;jk; Me;j;uG+h;z k`k;gN[ // thopj;jpUehkk;

VuhUk; rpj;jpiuapy; mRtjP te;jhd; thopNa vopy; rhsf;fpuhk efuj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa ruk gh;t ep\;ilapy; Cd;wpdhd; thopNa vk;ngUkhdhNu nja;tnkd;W mD\;bj;jhd; thopNa mdtujk; Mrhh;a ifq;fh;aNk nghOJ Nghf;Fk; vd;whd; thopNa Mrhhpaid my;yhJ NtW nja;tk; mwpahd; thopNa ];thrhh;ah; m\;Nlhj;ju rj ehkq;fis mUspdhd; thopNa =uhkhD[h; itgtNk epue;juk; mD]e;jpj;jhd; thopNa Mrhh;a ghj jPh;j;jNk guk Nghf;ankd;W vz;zpdhd; thopNa =tL` ek;gp jpUtbfs; thop thop thopNa. ,e;j thopj;jpUehkj;ij mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J cjtpa =Uf;kzp

rj;agh rNkj =NtZNfhghy fpU\;z Rthkp rd;djp, ky;Ny];tuk;, ngq;f�h; Kjy; jPh;j;jf;fhuh; tLfek;gp =uq;fhrhh;a Rthkpf;Fk; kw;Wk;

tLfek;gp =uq;fuh[d; ];thkpf;Fk; (ngq;f�hpy; cs;s ajpfhp klj;jpy; epj;a ifq;fh;ak; nra;J tUgth;) mbNaDila ed;wp cwpj;jhFf.

b) rpwpa Nfhtpe;jg;ngUkhs; - khrp jdpad;

fyNஶsஶ;tpep ]k;G+jk; gh\;afhuhqf;hpkh=jk; / Nfhtpe;jhh;ahE[k; te;Nj Nfhtpe;jhh;ak; jah epjpk; //

=gh\;afhu ]r;rp\;ak; Gz;lhPfh\ ee;jek; / Nfhtpe;jhh;ahE[k; te;Nj Nfhtpe;jhh;ak; jahepjpk; // thopj;jpUehkk; kUthUk; koiyefh; thote;Njhd; thopNa

khrpjdpy; mRtjp ehs;* te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa njUshUk; Mste;jhh; Fiw jPh;j;jhd; thopNa rPh; jpUkiy ek;gp jidr; rpe;ijnra;Nthd; thopNa

**ghuhUk; vjpuhrd; gjk; gdpe;Njhd; thopNa gjpd;kh; fiy cl;nghUis gfUktd; thopNa VuhUk; vk;ghhpd; ,idabNahd; thopNa vopy; ,isaNfhtpe;jdhh; ,idabfs; thopNa.

*mRtjpapy; vd;w ghlk; cz;L

**ghh;GfOk; vd;w ghlk; cz;L NkNy cs;s thopj;jpUehkj;ij mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J cjtpa jpUefhp fPoj;jpUkhspif vk;ghh; = c.Nt.tujhrhh;a ];thkpf;F (= jhNkhjud; ];thkp) ed;wp cwpj;jhFf.

c) khnwhd;wpy;yh khUjpr; rpwpahz;lhd; - khh;fop jdpad; [;QhJk; $uFyhjpgk; f;hpkpfyhj; g;uhg;jhgjk; g;Nu\jp:

=uhkhtuN[d Nfh]ygjhj; j;U\;l;th jjPahk; ];jpjpk; / g;uj;ah (]k;g;uh) g;j];j;tuah Guhe;jfGuhj; fy;ahzthgPjNl Nahsn]s khUjphpj;a ஶk;]j tak; j];ik ek];Fh;kN` //

jE];]pijfhr;ahk; J [hjk; Njtgp\f;jpNe / nys`pj;ahe;takhrhh;ak; te;Nj mg;ujpkkhUjpk; //

2) guzp el;rj;jpuk;

a) mUshsg;ngUkhs; vk;ngUkhdhh; - fhh;j;jpif jdpad; mde;jho;thd; mUspr;nra;jJ uhkhE[gjhk;Ngh[ ]k;r;hpjk; Fzthhpjpk; jahghy Kepk; te;NjNtjhe;j ghpep\;bjk; vr;rhd; mUspr;nra;jJ jahghyeNjtha[;Qhd]hug;jhapNe g;uNka]huk;jjNj eNkh];Jg;NukrhypNe njhz;lD}h; ek;gp mUspr;nra;jJ ajpuh[jahghj;uk; ajpgq;j;jptpG+\zk; jahghyKepk; te;NjNjrpfhf;Nuruk;]jh kUJ}h; ek;gp mUspr;nra;jJ uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; Ntjrh];j;uhh;j;j]k;gjk; rJh;j;jh];uk ]k;ge;jk; Njtuh[Kepk;gN[ myq;fhu Ntq;flth; (jpUNtq;flhrhh;ah;) mUspr;nra;jJ fhh;j;jpNf guzP[hjk; ajPe;j;uh=j kh;ஶ;uNa / [;Qhe g;uNka ]huhgp tf;jhuk; tujk; Kepk; // epj;a jdpad;

[;Qhegf;jahj;j ituhf;ak; uhkhE[ gjh=jk; / gQ;rNkhgha ]k;ge;ek; ]k;akPe;j;uk; ekhk;a`k; // rPh; thop najpuhr khKdptd; khjfthy; thO kUshs khKdptd; thopatd; Qhdg; gpuNka rhukij Qhykjpy; NjdKjha;r; Nrh;j;jUSk; rPh;.

thopj;jpUehkk; jpUthOe; njd;duq;fQ; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa njd;dUshsh; md;ghy; jpUe;jpdhd; thopNa jUthOnkjpuhrd; jhsile;Njhd; thopNa jkpo;Qhdg;gpuNka]huk; jkh;f;Fiug;Nghd; thopNa njUshU kJuftp epiy njspe;Njhd; thopNa NjRnghyp kle;jd;idr; rpijj;jpl;lhd; thopNa mUshskhKdpahk; Mhpad;jhs; thopNa mUs; fhh;j;jpifg; guzpNahd; midj;J}op thopNa. mUshs khKdptd; mbapizfs; thop miwakh; nre;JtUilNahL mzpAe;jp thop mUshUk; mq;ifnahL Kf;NfhYk; thop mzptlq;fs; GhpE}NyhL MfkJ thop njUshop rq;fnkhL jpUj;Njhs;fs; thop jpUf;fzpid ehkkJ Nrh;EjYk; thop nghUshU ew;fiyfs; Gfy; ehTk; thop nghq;nfopy; JkhiyGid nghw;FQ;rp thop. jpUehs; ghl;L nghq;FGfo;g; Gtpnaq;FKjpj;jpL Gz;zpah; ,d;GUehs; G+jy kPJah; Ntjpaud;G nghUe;jp kfpo;jpLehs; nrq;fkyj; JWehd;Kf ehd;kiw njsp nghUSw;wpLehs; rpl;lh; Jjpf;Fk; muq;fefh;f;fpiw rpe;ijcfe;jpL ehs; jpq;fs; xspf;F epfh;j;jpL tz;Gfo; jpirnjhU Nktpaehs; nre;jkpo; khkiw je;jUs; Nahfpah; Nrh;e;J kfpo;e;jpLehs; kq;fsKw;W mUshs Kdpg;gud; itafk; va;jpa ehs; khrW fhh;j;jpif ew;guzpg; ngah; itfpa ed;dhNs. njhq;fy; gl;lkzp ahhpah;fs; ghUyNfhh; jhk; thor; rl;lkpLk; ghbaj;Njhd; jhs; thOk; rpl;lUld; md;dth;fs; jhk; GfOk; mUshs khKdpNa ,d;dnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;.

b) <Az;zp khjtg;ngUkhs; - fhh;j;jpif jdpad;

fhh;j;jpNf guzP [hjk; =Nyhfhh;a gjh=jk; / Ntjhe;j j;ta ]k;ge;jk; khjthh;a k`k;gN[ // ,tiug; Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; ghRuk; cgNjruj;jpdkhiy - 49 ghRuk; Mq;fth;ghy;ngw;w rpwpaho;thdg;gps;is jhk;nfhLj;jhh; jk;kfdhh; jk;ifapy; - ghq;FlNd ehYhh;gps;isf;fth;jhk; ey;y kfdhh;f;fth;jhk; NkNyhh;f;fPPe;jh utNukpf;F. <Az;zp khjtg;ngUkhSf;F rpwpaho;thdg;gps;is nad;w xU kWngaUk; cz;L. ,jid gps;isNyhfk; [Pah; gzpj;j tpahf;fpahdj;jpy; fhzyhk;.

3) fhh;j;jpif

a) jpUkq;ifaho;thh; - fhh;j;jpif jdpad; t;Uஶ;rpNf f;Uj;jpfh [hjk; rJ\;ftp ஶpfhkzpk; / \l;g;ue;jf;Ujk; ஶhh;q;f %h;j;jpk; fyp`khஶ;uNa // fypahkp fypj;tk;]k; ftpk; Nyhf jpthfuk; / a];a Nfhgp: g;ufhஶhgp: Mtpj;ak; ep`jk; jk: //

ehs; ghl;L cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 8,9 ghRuq;fs; NgijneQ;Nr ,d;iwg;ngUikawpe;jpiyNah VJngUik apd;iwf;nfd;nwd;dpy; - XJfpd;Nwd; tha;j;jGfo;kq;ifah;Nfhd; khepyj;jpy;te;Jjpj;j fhh;j;jpifapy; fhh;j;jpifehs; fhz;. khwd; gzpj;j jkpo;kiwf;F. kq;ifah;Nfhd;

Mwq;fk;$w ttjhpj;j – tPWila fhh;j;jpifapy;fhh;j;jpifeh nsd;nwd;W fhjypg;ghh; tha;j;jkyh;j;jhs;fs; neQ;Nrtho;j;J. thopj;jpUehkk; fye;jjpUf; fhh;j;jpifapy; fhh;j;jpif te;Njhd; thopNa fhrpdpap; nyhz; FiwaYhh;f; fhtNyhd; thopNa eye;jpf ohapuj; njz;gj;J ehYiuj;jhd; thopNa ehiye;J khiwe;Jk; ekf;Fiuj;jhd; thopNa ,yq;nfO $w;wpUf;if apU klyPe;jhd; thopNa ,k;%d;wpypU Ehw;wpUgj;NjoPe;jhd; thopNa tye;jpfOq; FKjty;yp kzthsd; thopNa thl;fypad; gufhyd; kq;ifah;Nfhd; thopNa.

jpUkq;ifaho;thhpd; tbtofpy; <Lgl;L kzthskhKdpfs; mUspa tbtoF #h;zpifAk; jdpg;ghly;fSk;

mizj;jNtYk;, njhOjifAk; , mOe;jpa

jpUehkKk; , Xk; vd;wthAk; , cah;e;j %f;Fk; , Fsph;e;j KfKk; , gue;j tpopAk; , gjpe;j new;wpAk; , newpj;j GUtKk; , RUz;l FoYk;, tbe;j fhJk; , mire;j fhJ fhg;Gk; , jho;e;j nrtpAk; , rhpe;j fOj;Jk; , mfd;w khh;Gk; , jpuz;l NjhSk; , nespj;j KJFk; , Ftpj;j ,ilAk; , my;ypf;fapWk;, mOe;jpa

rPuhTk; , J}f;fpa fUq;NfhitAk; , njhq;fYk;

jdpkhiyAk;, jspUkpspUkha; epw;fpw epiyAk;, rhw;wpa jpUj;jz;ilAk;, rjpuhd tPuf;foYk; jQ;rkhd jhspizAk; Fe;jpapl;l fizf;fhYk;

Fspuitj;j jpUtb kyUk;, tha;j;j kzq;nfhy;iyAk;, tayhyp kzthsDk;, thbNdd; thb (vd;W) tho;tpj;jUspa, ePyf;fypfd;wp, kUtyh;jk; cly;Jzpa ths;tPRk;

gufhyd;, kq;ifkd;ddhd tbNt. ciw fopj;j thisnahj;j tpopkle;ij khjh;Nky; , cUfitj;j kdnkhopj;J, ,t;Tsfse;jek;gpNky;, Fiwiaitj;J klnyLj;j Fiwayhsp jpUkzq;

nfhy;iyjd;dpy; topgwpj;j Fw;wkw;w nrq;ifahd; , kiwAiuj;j ke;jpuj;ij khYiuf;f, mtd;KNd

kbnahLf;fp kdklf;fp tha;Gijj;J, xd;wyhh; fiwFspj;j Ntyizj;J epd;wtpe;epiyik, vd; fz;iztpl;lfd;wplhJ fypadhiz MizNa. fhJk; nrhhpKj;Jk; ifAk; fjph;NtYk; jhJGiz jhspizAk; jdpr;rpyk;Gk;

ePjpGid njd;dhyp ehld; jpUtoifg;Nghy, vd;dhiz xg;ghhpy;iyNa.

Ntyizj;jkhh;Gk; , tpsq;F jpUntl;nlOj;ij khYiuf;fj;jho;j;j tyr;nrtpAk;

jhspdpizj; jz;ilAk; , tPuf;foYk; jhh;f;fypad; nfhz;l ed;KfKk; fz;L fspf;Fnkd;fz;.

,JNth! jpUtuR ,JNth! jpUkzq;nfhy;iy ,JNth! vopyhyp vd;D%h; ,JNth jhd;ntl;Lk; fypad; ntUl;b neLkhiy vl;nlOj;Jk; gwpj;jtplk;.

*IadUs;khhp nra;a mbapizfs; thopNa me;JfpYk; rPuhTk; kzpaiuAk; thopNa ikapyF Ntyizj;j tz;ikkpF thopNa khwhky; mQ;rypnra; kyh;f;fuq;fs; thopNa nra;a fyDldyq;fy; Nrh; khh;Gk; thopNa jpz;GaKk; gzpykd;d jpUf;fOj;Jk; thopNa ikay; nra;Ak; KfKWty; kyh;f;fz;fs; thopNa kd;DKbj;njhg;ghuk; tisaKld; thopNa.

*,e;j thopj;jpUehkj;ij =uq;fk;, jpUthyp, jpUefhp kw;Wk; jpUehq;$h; jpt;taNjrq;fspy; mEre;jpf;fpwhh;fs;. kq;fs ];Nyhfk; =kjhyp=efhP ehjha fypithpNz rJ\;ftp g;ujheha gufhyha kq;fsk;

b) ca;af;nfhz;lhh; - rpj;jpiu jdpad; Nk\ khN] ]Nuh[hக்ஷk; fpUj;jpfh [hjkhஶ;uNa / ehjNahfp gjhk;Ngh[ j;te;j;tg;utz khe]k; //

ek: gq;f[ Nej;uha ehj =ghjgq;fN[ / e;a];j ]h;t guhah];kj; Fyehjha jPkNj // ek];ahk;autpe;jhக்ஷk; ehjghNt t;at];jpjk; / ஶ{j;j]j;;;t kak; nஶsNu utjhukpthguk; //

thopj;jpUehkk; thynta;Nahd;jiz ntd;w tbtofd; thopNa khy; kzf;fhy; ek;gp njhOk; kyh;g;gjj;Njhd; thopNa rPykpF ehjKdp rPUiug;Nghd; thopNa rpj;jpiuapy; fhh;j;jpif ehs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa ehypuz;Lk; Iiae;Jk; ekf;Fiuj;jhd; thopNa ehnyl;bd; cl;;nghUis elj;jpdhd; thopNa khyuq;f kzthsh; tsKiug;Nghd; thopNa itaKa;af;nfhz;lth; jhs; itafj;jpy; thopNa. Fwpg;G : ehypuz;L – jpUntl;nlOj;J, Iiae;J – 25 mக்ஷuKs;s j;tak;, ehnyl;L - 32 mக்ஷuKs;s ruk];Nyhfk;, u`];aj;uaKk; nrhd;dgb

c) ek;gps;is - fhh;j;jpif jdpad; t;Uஶ;rpNf f;Uj;jpfh[hjk; fypithp FUk;gN[ / Ntjhe;jpKep ghjhg;[=Pjk; ]{f;jp kh`h;ztk; // Ntjhe;j Ntj;ahk;Uj thhp uhNஶh; Ntjhh;j;j ]huhk;Uj G+ukf;h;;ak; / Mjha th;\e;j k`k; g;ugj;Na fhUz;aG+u;zk; fypitup jh]k; // ehs; ghl;L cgNjruj;jpdkhiyapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ,tiu gw;wpa ghRuq;fs;

43, 44, 48, 50, 51, 66 ghRuq;fs; ek;gps;is jk;Kila ey;yUshNatpapl gpd;nghpa thr;rhd;gps;is ajdhy; - ,d;gh tUgj;jp khwd; kiwg;nghUisr; nrhd;dJ ,Ugj;J ehyhapuk;. njs;spajh ek;gps;is nrg;G newpjd;id ts;sy; tlf;Fj;jpUtjPg; gps;is . ,e;j ehlwpa khwd; kiwg;nghUis ed;Fiuj;jJ <LKg;gj;jhwhapuk;. rPuhh; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg;gps;is. vO Njuh jkpo; Ntjj;jPLjidj; - jhUnkd thq;fpKd;ek;gps;is aPAz;zp khjth;f;Fj; jhk; nfhLj;jhh;. gpd;djidj;jhd;.

ek;ngUkhs; ek;kho;thh; eQ;rPah; ek;gps;;is nad;gh;. mtuth;jk; Nkw;wj;jhy; - md;GilNahh; rhw;WjpUehkq;fs; jhndd;W ed;ndQ;Nr Vj;jjidr;nrhy;ypeP apd;W. Jd;DGfo;f; fe;jhilj;Njhog;gh; jk;Kfg;ghy;

vd;dTyfhhpaNdh ntd;Wiuf;f – gpd;id cyfhhpandDk;Ngh; ek;gps;isf;Nfhq;fp tpyfhky; epd;wnjd;Wk;Nky;. gpd;gofuhk;ngUkhs; rPah;. ngUe;jptj;jpy; md;gJTkw;W kpf;fthirapdhy; - ek;gps;isf; fhdtbikfs;nra; ae;epiyia ed;ndQ;Nr Cdkw ntg;nghOJNkhh;. thopj;jpUehkk; NjkUTk; nrq;fkyj; jpUj;jhs;fs; thopNa jpUtiuapy; gl;lhil Nrh;kUq;Fk; thopNa jhkkzp tlkhh;Gk; GhpEhYk; thopNa jhkiuf;if apidaoFk; jlk;GaKk; thopNa ghkUTe; jkpo;Ntjk; gapy;gtsk; thopNa ghbaj;jpd; nghUs; jd;idg; gfh;ehTk; thopNa ehkEjy; kjpKfKk; jpUKbAk; thopNa ek;gps;is tbtoFk; ehNlhWk; thopNa. fhjYld; eQ;rPah; foy;njhONthd; thopNa fhh;j;jpiff; fhh;j;jpif Ajpj;j fypfd;wp thopNa NghjKl dho;thh; nrhw; nghUSiug;Nghd; thopNa G+Jhuhd; ghbaj;ijg; GfOktd; thopNa khjfth nyt;Taph;f;Fk; tho;tspj;jhd; thopNa kjpsuq;f Nuhyf;fk; tsh;j;jpl;lhd; thopNa ehjKdp ahste;jhh; eyk; Gfo;Nthd; thopNa ek;gps;is jpUtbfs; ehNlhWk; thopNa.

d) [Pah; ehadhh; (kzthskhKdpfspd; G+h;thr;uk ngsj;uh;) - rpj;jpiu jdpad; ; m];kh]{ tj;]yjah f;Ugah r G+a: ];Ntr;rhtjPh;zkpt n]sk;atuk; KePe;j;uk; Mrhh;a ngsj;u kgpuhk tuhgpjhek; m];kj;FUk; gukfhUzpfk; gN[. thopj;jpUehkk;

rPuhUk; tuKdptd; nrOq;Fyj;Njhd; thopNa rpj;jpiuapy; fhh;j;jpif ehs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa ghuhUk; vjpuhrd; gjk; gzpNthd; thopNa ghbaj;jpd; cl;nghUis gfUktd; thopNa Muk; #o; FUifjdpy; mtjhpj;Njhd; thopNa Mo;thh;fs; fiyg;nghUis Ma;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa tujFU fUizapdhy; tho;TilNahd; thopNa thd;rPh; eapdhh; kyh;g;gjq;fs; thopNa. ghftjh; tho guhq;Frd; jd; rPh;tho jhKld; te;jize;Njhd; jhk; tho NghjkpF njd;duq;fk; tho rPah;eapdhh; ,d;dnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;.

4) Nuh`pzp

a) nghpangUkhs; - gq;Fdp jdpad;

jg];Na kh]p Nuh`pz;ahk; jNl ]`;;;aGt];];jpjk; / =uq;fஶhapek; te;Nj N]tpjk; ]h;tNjஶpif: // =];jehguzk; Nj[: =uq;Nfஶa khஶ;uNa / rpe;jhkzp kpNthj; the;j Kj;]q;Nfsee;jNghfpe: // yக்ஷ;kPfy;gyNjhj;Jq;f];je];jgfrQ;ry: / =uq;fuh[ g;Uq;NfhNk ukjhk; khe]hk;GN[ // thopj;jpUehkk; jpUkfSk; kz;kfSk; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa nra;atpilj; jha;kfshh; Nrtpg;Nghd; thopNa ,UtpRk;gpy; tPw;wpUf;F kpikath;Nfhd; thopNa ,lh;fbag; ghw;fliy va;jpdhd; thopNa mhpa jaujd; kfdhatjhpj;jhd; thopNa me;jhpahkpj;JtK khapdhd; thopNa ngUfp tUk; nghd;dp eLg; gpd;Japd;whd; thopNa nghpangUkh nsq;fs;gpuh dbfs; thopNa. nghpa gpuhl;bahh; gq;fag; G+tpw; gpwe;j ghit ey;yhs; thopNa gq;Fdpapy; cj;jpuehs; ghUjpj;jhs; thopNa kq;ifah;fs; jpyjnkd te;j nry;tp thopNa khyuq;fh; kzpkhh;ig kd;Dkts; thopNa vq;fnsopw; Nridkd;dh;f; fpjKiuj;jhs; thopNa ,Ugj;jQ;Rl;nghUs; khypak;Gkts; thopNa nrq;fkyr; nra;auq;fk; nropf;f te;jhs; thopNa rPuq;fehafpahh; jpUtbfs; thopNa.

(nghpa ngUkhSf;Fk; ek;ngUkhSf;Fk; xNu thopj;jpUehkk; jhd;. nghpa ngUkhspd; thopj;jpUehkj;Jld; nghpagpuhl;bahhpd; thopj;jpUehkj;ijAk; Nrh;j;J mEre;jpf;Fk; tof;fk; cs;sjhy; ,t;tplj;jpy; nghpagpuhl;bahhpd; thopj;jpUehkk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)

kq;fs ];Nyhfk; yக்ஷ;kp ruz yhக்ஷhq;f ]hக்ஷhr;r;hPtj;] tக்ஷN] / Nக்ஷkq;fuha ]h;Nt\hk; =uq;Nfஶha kq;fsk; //

b) =fz;zd; - Mtzp jdpad; ]pk;̀ khN]s]pNj gNக்ஷ Nuh`pz;ahk\;lkPjpnjs / rukhh;j;j g;ujhjhuk; f;U\;zk; te;Nj [fj;FUk; // jNjhsfpy[fj;gj;k Nghjhahr;AjghEeh / NjtfP G+h;t]e;j;ahah khtph;g;g+jk; k`hj;keh // kq;fs ];Nyhfq;fs;

ePshry epth]ha epj;aha gukhj;kNe / ]{gj;uh g;uhz ehjha [fe;ehjha kq;fsk; // g;Ue;jhuz;a epth]ha gyuhkhE[har / Uf;kpzPg;uhz ehjha ghh;j;j ]{jha kq;fsk; //

c) jpUg;ghzho;thh; - fhh;j;jpif jdpad; t;Uஶ;rpNf Nuh`pzP [hjk; =Pghzk; epRshGNu / =tj;]hq;fk; fhaNfe;j;uk; Kdpth`ekhஶ;uNa // Mghj#lk; mEG+a `hpk; ஶahek;

kj;Na fNtu J`pJh; Kjpjhe;juhj;kh / mj;u\;l;Ujhk; eaeNahh; tp\ahe;juhzhk; Nah epஶ;rpfha keit Kepth`ek; jk; // ehs; ghl;L cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 10 Mk; ghRuk; fhh;j;jpifANuhfpzp ehs; fhz;kpdpd;WfhrpdpaPh; tha;j;jGfo;g;ghzh; te;Jjpg;ghy; - Mj;jpah;fs; md;GlNdjhd; mkydhjpgpuhd; fw;wjw;gpd; ed;FlNd nfhz;lhLk;ehs;.

thopj;jpUehkk; ck;gh;njhOk; nka;Q;Qhdj; JiwA+uhd; thopNa cNuhfpzpehs; fhh;j;jpifapYjpj;j ts;sy; thopNa tk;gtpo;jhh; KdpNjhspy; te;jgpuhd; thopNa kyh;f;fz;zpy; Ntnwhd;Wk; itahjhd; thopNa mk;Gtpapy; kjpsuq;f ufk;GFe;jhd; thopNa mkydhjpuhd; gj;J kUspdhd; thopNa nrk;nghdb KbasTk; Nrtpg;Nghd; thopNa jpUg;ghzd; nghw;gjq;fs; nrfjyj;jpy; thopNa.

d) jpUf;Nfh\;bA+h; ek;gp - itfhrp jdpad; itஶhf Nuh`pz;Ajpjk; Nfh\;;BG+h;zk; ]khஶ;uNa / rukஶ;Nyhf jhj;gh;ak; ajpuh[ha Nahstjj; // =ty;yg gjhk;Ngh[ jPgf;j;;ak;Uj ]hfuk; / =kj; Nfh\;BGhP G+h;zk; NjஶpNfe;juk; g[hkN` // thopj;jpUehkk; kd;dparPuhste;jhh; kyh;g;gjj;Njhd; thopNa itfhrp Nuhfpzp ehs; te;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa ,d;dpstQ;rpf;F ,dpJiuj;jhd; thopNa vk;ngUkhdhnuDk; Nghpak;Gktd; thopNa njd;dzpahk; fhrpgNfhj;jpuj;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd;ndDk;Ngh; jpfote;Njhd; thopNa Kd;duUk; (Kd;dtUk;) ngUk;G+Jhh; Kdpf;Fiuj;Njhd; thopNa nkhope;j jpUf;Nfhl;bek;gp %Jyfpy; thopNa. fhrpgd; jd;Nfhj;jpuj;ijf; fUjpte;Njhd; thopNa fiyaidj;jhy; Kd;dth;f;Ff;; fjpaspj;Njhd; thopNa khrwnka;g;nghUnsjpf;Ftoq;Fktd; thopNa itafKd; jhprdj;jhy; thOnkd;whd; thopNa VrwNtAfe;njjpia vLj;jizj;jhd; thopNa vk;ngUkhdhnuDk; Nghpak;Gktd; thopNa NjRGfo;r;nry;;td; nkhop Njh;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa jpUf;Nfhl;bG+h;ek;gp rfjyj;jpy; thopNa.

<NuO%d;nwhd;wpy; ,jKiuj;jhd; thopNa Vw;wkhkste;jhhpizabNahd; thopNa <nuOtUf;Fk; gjk; <Aktd; thopNa vk;ngUkhdhnuDk; Nghpak;Gktd; thopNa ehNyopy; ehyhehs; ehbte;jhd; thopNa ek;kJuftpepiyia ez;zpdhd; thopNa ehNyOehnyOj;ij ed;Fiuj;jhd; thopNa eq;fs; jpUf;Nfhl;bek;gp ew;gjq;fs; thopNa. my;gfYk; Mste;jhh; mbepidNthd; thopNa mdtujk; njw;fho;thh;f;fhl;; nra;Nthd; thopNa

nty;nghUs; ntspapl, vjpia ntWj;Jfe;jhd; thopNa NkjpdpNahUa;tnud;W nkr;rpdhd; thopNa cs;ke;jpunkjpuuhrh;f;nfhspj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa ce;J kjj; njjpia cfe;jizj;jhd; thopNa

*nry;tek;gpFyk; jiof;fr; nrfj;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa jpUf;Nfhl;bG+h; ek;gp rfjyj;jpy; thopNa.

*,jpypUe;J nghpaho;thh; fhyj;jpy; mtUf;Fg; guk Mg;juha;, =ty;ygNjtd; vDk; ghz;ba murDf;F ke;jphpahapUe;j nry;tek;gpapd; Fyj;jpy; cjpj;jth; jpUf;Nfhl;bG+h; ek;gp vd tpsq;FfpwJ. rPuhUk; jpUKbAk; jpUKfKk; thopNa rpwe;jfQ;rk; Nghd;w ,U eadk; thopNa jhuhUk; jlk;Gaf;if rq;fhop thopNa jdpkUq;fpd; gl;lhil jdpkUq;Fk; thopNa NguhUk; ngUk;G+J}h; vk;ngU khdhh;fd;gha;g; nghparu kr;RNyhfk; Ngwspj;jhd; thopNa VuhUk; Mste;jhh; ,izabfs; kwthj vq;fs; jpUf;Nfhl;b ek;gp ,izabfs; thopNa. thopGfo; Mste;jhh; kd;dUshy; vg;nghOJk; thop jpUf; Nfhl;bek;gp thopaNt - thopa tz;G+J}h; khKdpf;F tha;j;j rukg;nghUisj; jpz;Gtpapy; Njh;e;Jiuf;FQ; rPh;. ehs; ghl;L re;jkKk; Gtpnaq;F kpFe;J fspj;J tsh;e;jpLehs; jd;ikngUk; nry;tek;gp Fyk; nghpjh cah;e;jpLehs; fe;jUthjpfs; mk;gukPJ fspj;jpir ghbLehs; fQ;rkyh;j; jpUkhkfs; nry;tk; fspj;J tsh;e;jpL ehs; ve;ijajpj; jiytd; jpU Ts;skjp ypire;jpLehs; vz;birAk; rukg;nghUspdPh;ik ,yq;fp tpsq;fpLehs; ee;JyTk; tay;thtp rpwe;j eye;jpfo; njd;Nfhl;bek;gp cjpj;j itfhrp Nuhfpzp ehs; kpF ed;dhNs.

gpiwjtO kzpkhlg; ngUk;G+Jhh; KdptDf;F kiwnghUis ntspahf;f itfhrp Nuhfpzpehs; rpiwaspgz; gapy;nghOy; Gil#o; jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h;ek;gp cwpeW nea;Az;Lfe;j xUtd;Nghy; mtjhpj;jhd;. tprad; tpidnahopj;j nka;g;nghUisg; G+J}h; tprad; Kdpf;fspj;j ts;sy; - jpirfkOk; Njkyh;g;G+Q;Nrhiyj; jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; ek;gp jhkiug;G+e;jhNs ruz;. vf;fiyAk; tho vjpuhrd; nrhy;thoj;

jf;fru kr;RNyhfk; jhd; tho – kpf;fGfo;j; njd;duq;fk; thoj;jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; ek;gp ,d;DnkhU E}w;whz; bUk;.

e) vq;fsho;thd; - rpj;jpiu jdpad; =tp\;Z rpj;j gjgq;f[ ]q;fkha NrNjh kk ];g;U`aNj fpkj:

gNuz / NehNrj; kkhgp ajpNஶfu ghujPehk; ght: fjk; gtpJkh;̀ jp

thf;tpNja: // thopj;jpUehkk; rPuhUk; nts;siwapy; rpwe;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa rpj;jpiu cNuhfpzp ehs; rpwf;fte;Njhd; thopNa ghh;GfOk; vjpuhrd; gjk; gzpe;Njhd; thopNa gq;far;nry;tpapd; gjq;fs; guTktd; thopNa jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd;gps;shd; jpUtUNshd; thopNa jPjpyh ghbaj;ijj; Njh;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa jhuzpapy; tpz;L kjk; jiof;fte;Njhd; thopNa jz;zpspNahd; vq;fhso;thd; jhspizfs; thopNa. kq;fsk; uf;jhg;[gj;u Nej;uha ஶ;Ntjhry epth]pNe / =tp\;Zrpj;jepjpNah; epj;a=h; epj;akq;fsk; //

f) nghpathr;rhd;gps;is - Mtzp jdpad;

]fyj;uhtplhk; eha ]hut;ahf;ahefhhpzk; / ஶ;uhtNz Nuh`pzP [hjk; =fpU\;z FUkhஶ;uNa // =kj;f;U\;z ]kh`;tha eNkh ahKe]{eNt / aj;flhiக்ஷfyக்ஷ;ahzhk; ]{yg: =ju]; ]jh //

ehs; ghl;L – cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 39, 43, 46 ghRuq;fs;

gps;shd; eQ;rPah; nghpathr;rhd; gps;is * njs;shh; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg; - gps;is * kzthsNahfp jpUtha;nkhopiaf; fhj;j * Fzthsh; vd;W neQ;Nr! $W.

ek;gps;is jk;Kila ey;yUshNytpapl* gpd;;nghpathr;rhd;gps;is ajdhy; * - ,d;gh tUgj;jp khwd;kiwg; nghUisr;nrhd;dJ* ,Ugj;Jehyhapuk;.

nghpathr;rhd;gps;is gpd;Gs;sitf;Fk; njhpa * tpahf;fpiafs; nra;thy; * - mhpa

mUspr;nraw;nghUis ahhpah;fl;fpg;NghJ * mUspr; nrayhaj;; jwpe;J. thopj;jpUehkk;

jz;(d;)ik rpq;fk; Nuhfpzp ehs; jiof;f te;Njhd; thopNa * jhuzpapy; rq;fey;Yhh; jhDilNahd; thopNa * Gd;ik jtph; jpUtuq;fh; GfOiug;Nghd; thopNa * G+Jhh; vjpuhrh; jhs; GfOktd; thopNa * kd;Gfo; Nrh; rlNfhgh; tsKiug;Nghd; thopNa * kiw ehypd; nghUs; jd;idg; gFj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa * md;Gld; cyfhhpah;jk; mbapizNahd; thopNa * mgag;ujuhrh; jhs; mdtujk; thopNa.

jPjW ek;gps;is gjk; nrd;dpitg;Nghd; thopNa * jpUkiyapy; khy;gjj;ijr; rpwe;J ngw;whd; thopNa * Mjutha;j; jdpr;Nyhfp mUspdhd; thopNa * Mo;thh;fs; nrhw;nghUis mwpe;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa * XJGfo;r; rq;fey;Yhh; cfe;J ngw;whd; thopNa * cNuhfpzp ehs; Mtzpapy; cjpj;jgpuhd; thopNa * Vjkpnyz; %thapuk; ,ak;Gktd; thopNa * vopy; nghpathr;rhd;gps;is ,izabfs; thopNa *

g) ehadhuhr;rhd; gps;is - Mtzp jdpad; ஶ;Uj;ah;j;j]hu[efk; ];k;Ujpghykj;uk;

gj;Nkhy;y]j;gftjq;f;hpGuhzge;Jk; / [;Qhehjpuh[kgag;ujuh[Gj;uk;

m];kj;FUk; gukfhUzpfk; ekhkp // h) =ngUk;G+jhh; xd;whd = vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkp (=kj; guk`k;] mg;gd;

jpUNtq;fl uhkhE[ [Pah; ];thkp) – klk; ];jhgfh; - Mtzp (jpUehuazGuk; njhl;lhrhh;ah; ];thkp jk; rp\;ah; vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkpiag; gw;wp rhjpj;j jdpad;) =thJ}y ukhg;uths Urpu ];uf;i]e;aehjhk;r[

=Fh;tPe;j;u k`hh;a yg;j ep[]j; ]j;jk;r;hpjh gP\;lk; / =uhkhE[ Kf;a Njrpfy]j; ifq;fh;a ]k;];jhgfk; =kj; Ntq;flyக்ஷ;;kzhh;a akpek; jk; ]j;Fzk; ghtNa // jpUeக்ஷj;u jdpad; mக்ஷahg;Nj ]pk;k f;U\;z Nuh`pz;ahk; fypNjhjak; uhkhE[gjr;rhahk; te;Nj Ntq;fl yக்ஷ;kzk; (<r;rk;ghb eurpk;khrhh;ah; rhjpj;jJ) mக்ஷahj;Nu ]pk;k f;U\;z Nuh`pz;ahk; [hjkhr;uNa =g;uths FNuhh; rp\;ak; Kepk; Ntq;fl yக்ஷ;kzk; [ahg;Nj ]pk;̀ Nuh`pz;ahk; ]Q;[hjk; ]j;Fzhh;ztk; =iry yக்ஷ;kz Kepk; te;Nj thj;]y;a thhpjpk;

tpNக்ஷ jdpad; = thJ}y jahghj;uk; [;Qhdituhf;a thhpjk; ajPe;j;u g;utzk; te;Nj Nfhtpe;jk; gf;jpk; Kepk; thopj;jpUehkk; rPh; ngUk;G+Jiur; nropg;gpj;Njhd; thopNa jpUg;ghit rPaUsk; Njh;e;J czh;e;Njhd; thopNa ghh;NkTk; gurkag; gw;wWj;Njhd; thopNa ghbaj;jpd; cl;nghUisg; gfUktd; thopNa fhhpRjd; jkpo;kiwf;Ff; fUj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa fUizahy; mbNaw;Ff; foyspj;Njhd; thopNa VuhU Kdpjpyfk; vd te;Njhd; thopNa vq;fs; vk;ghh; rPah;jkJ ,izabfs; thopNa.

Mtzpapy; cNuh`pzp ehs; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa md;gh;gzp nfhz;ltiu Mste;Njhd; thopNa thd;GfOk; ngUk;G+J}h; te;jts;sy; thopNa kzthskhKdp jhs; kwthNjhd; thopNa G+Tyfpw; gurkaf; fisgwpj;Njhd; thopNa E}yzp nra;AiuKiwNa Etd;Wfe;Njhd; thopNa rP ghbaa; nghUspd; rPUiug;Nghd; thopNa vk;ghh; Ntq;fluhkhE[h; jpUtbfs; thopNa. rPh;ngUk;G+J}h; Ngh;ngw tho;e;J jpfo;e;J kfpo;e;jpL ehs; rPuq;fhhpah; Njhs;tis ahop nropj;J kfpo;e;jpL ehs; ghh;Gfo;tFsj; jhuzp khwd; fiyfs; nghype;jpL ehs; guk;nghUshe;jpU khypd; ke;jpuk; gutp jpfo;jpL ehs; NghhpL thjpah; jq;fs; nrUf;if alf;fp aspj;jpL ehs; Ngh;ngW jpUehuhazGu kjpy; fiyfs; tpsq;fpL ehs; fhuUshsh; Ntq;fl uhkhE[Kdp Njhd;wpL ehs; ftpDw Nthq;fpLk; Mtzp apy;jpfo; Nuhfpzp ed;dhNs. Kk;ik rhd; Nwhh; tho Kj;jkpo; Ntjk; tho

ek;ik Ailath; jhk; ehs; tho – nrk;ik Nrh; kpd;DngUk;G+J}h; tho; Ntq;fl uhkhE[Nu ,d;DnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;. vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkpapd; kq;fsk; ];Nyhfk;

=ke; k`hh;a fUzh yg;j tp[;Qhd ]k;gNj / =iry yக்ஷ;;kz KNe: epj;a =h; epj;a kq;fsk; // jPh;j;jk; : tp\{ tU\k; ij f;U\;z j;uNahjrp

5) kpUfrPhp\k;

a) jpUf;fr;rpek;gpfs; - khrp jdpad; Fk;Ng k;UfஶpNuhj; g+jk; ahKehu;a gjh=jk; / Njtuh[ jahghj;uk; =Pfhq;rPg+h;z khஶ;uNa //

Njtuh[ jahghj;uk; =Pfhq;rP g+h;z Kj;jkk; / uhkhE[ KNeu; khe;ak; te;Nj`k; ][;[ehஶ;uak; // thopj;jpUehkk; kUthUe; jpUky;yp tho te;Njhd; thopNa khrpkpUfrPhplj;jpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa mUshsUld; nkhopnrhy; yjprapj;Njhd; thopNa MWnkhop g+Jhuu;f; fspj;j gpuhd; thopNa jpUthytl;lk; nra;J Nrtpg;Nghd; thopNa Njtuhrhl;lfj;ijr; nrg;Gktd; thopNa njUshU khste;jhu; jpUtbNahd; thopNa jpUf;fr;rp ek;gp apUjpUtbfs; thopNa.

b) jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd; - Mtzp jdpad; ]pk;N` k;UfஶpNuhj;G+jk; uhkhE[ gjh=hpjk; / j;uhtplhk; Qhajj;t[;Qk; FUfhjpg kh];uNa // j;uhtplhfk]hu[;Qk; uhkhE[gjhஶ;hpjk; / ]{jpak; FUNfஶhh;ak; ekhkpஶpu]hse;t`k; // cgNjruj;jpdkhiy – 39,40,41 ghRuk; - ,th; ngUikia tpsf;FfpwJ gps;shd; eQ;rPah; nghpathr;rhd; gps;is njs;shh; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg; - gps;is kzthsNahfp jpUtha;nkhopiaf;fhj;j Fzthsh; vd;W neQ;Nr! $W.

Ke;JwNt gps;shd; KjyhNdhh; nra;jUSk; me;j tpahf;fpiaf sd;whfpy;. - me;Njh jpUtha;nkhopg; nghUisj; Njh;e;Jiuf;fty;y FUthh;. ,f;fhyk; nrQ;Nr! $W. njs;shUk; Qhdj; jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd;. vjpuhrh; NguUshy; - cs;shUk; md;GlNd khwd; kiwg;nghUisad;Wiuj;jJ ,d;gkpF khwhapwk;.

c) Re;juj;NjhSilahd; - khrp jdpad; khyh juFNuh: Gj;uk; n]se;jh;aG[ Njஶpfk; / uhkhD[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; te;Nj tuf;Uzhepjpk; // thopj;jpUehkk; fhrpgew; Fyj;Jjpj;j fUizts;sy; thopNa fiyaidj;Jk; kiwehd;Fk; fz;lwpe;Njhd; thopNa NjRGfo; vjpuhrh; jpUtbNahd; thopNa jpUkhiyahz;lhd; ew;wpUkfdhh; thopNa khrpkpUf rPUlj;jpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa kiyaofh; jpUtbia tzq;Fktd; thopNa khrwNt jkpo; kiwia tFj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa kjkpFew; Re;juhhpad; kyh; gjq;fs; thopNa.

d) xd;whd jpUf;NfhY}h; vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; - ij (kzthskhKdpfspd; g;urp\;ah;) jdpad; G\;Na k;Uf ஶpNuhj;G+jk; =Nஶ\hk;ஶk`k; gN[ / =kj;ajPe;jug;utz g;utzk; yக்ஷ;kzk; Kepk; // =Nஶy eu]pk;̀ hh;a =ghjfkyhஶ;hpjk; / te;Nj ajPe;j;u; g;utzg;utzk; yக்ஷ;kzk;Kepk; //

thopj;jpUehkk; ijapy; kpUfrPUlj;jpy; juzp te;Njhd; thopNa jz; NfhtY}h; efh; tpsq;fj; jhDjpj;Njhd; thopNa itafj;jpy; <Liuf;Fk; thrfj;Njhd; thopNa tuNahfp fUizapdhy; tho;jUs;Nthd; thopNa nra;a ,ilfop Mad; nry;tk; tsh;j;Njhd; thopNa rPuhUk; NfhtY}h; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa ikay;kpF Nfhty; vk;kpuhkhDrKdp thopNa kyubAk; Kf;NfhYk; khepyj;jpy; thopNa. Mhpah;fs; tho mUspr;nray; tho jhuzpapy; G+q;NfhtY}h; tho - rPUila kd;DGfo; vk;ngUkhdhh; KdpNa! khatNd! ,d;DnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;. kq;fs ];Nyhfk;

=kNj gzpuh[hk;ஶ KePe;j;uha k`hj;kNe /

=NfhgGhPth]ha epj;a=h; epj;a kq;fsk; //

6) jpUthjpiu

a) vk;ngUkhdhh; - rpj;jpiu jdpad; Nk\hh;j;uh ]k;gtk; tp\;Nzhh; jh;ஶe ];jhgNehj;]{fk; / Jz;Bukz;lNy Nஶ\ %h;j;jpk; uhkhE[k; gN[// $uj;jho;thd; mUspr;nra;jJ Nahepj;akr;Aj gjhk;G[ Af;k Uf;k

t;ahNkh`j]; jjpjuhzp j;Uzha NkNe / m];kj;FNuhh; gftNjh];a jiaf]pe;Njh: uhkhE[];a runzs ஶuzk; g;ugj;Na // ehs; ghl;L

cgNjruj;jpdkhiy - 27, 28, 29 ghRuq;fs; ,d;DyfPh; rpj;jpiuapNya;e;j jpUthjpiu ehs; vd;iwapDkpd;wpjDf; Nfw;w nkd;jhd; - vd;wth;f;Fr; rhw;Wfpd;Nwd; Nfz;kp ndjpuhrh; jk;gpwg;ghy; ehw;wpirAk; nfhz;lhLk; ehs;. Mo;thh;fs; jhq;f stjhpj;j ehs;fspYk; tho;thd ehs; ekf;F kz;ZyfPh; - Vo;ghU Ka;a ntjpuhrUjpj;jUSk; - rpj;jpiuapy; nra;ajpUthjpiu. ve;ijnajpuhr hpt;Tyfpnye;jkf;fh te;Jjpj;j ehnsd;Dk; thrpapdhy; - ,e;jj; jpUthjpiu jd;dpd; rPh;ikjid neQ;Nr xUthk nyg;nghOJNkhh;.

thopj;jpUehkk; mg;gps;is mUspAs;sJ mj;jpfphp aUshsh; mbgzpe;Njhd; thopNa mUl;fr;rp ek;gp ciu MW ngw;Nwhd; thopNa gj;jpAld; ghbaj;ijg; gfh;e;jpl;lhd; thopNa gjpd;kh;fiy cl;nghUisg; ghpe;J fw;whd; thopNa Rj;j kfpo; khwd; mb njhOJa;e;Njhd; thopNa rpj;jpiuapy; Mjpiu ehs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa rPh; ngUk;G+Jhh; Kdptd; jpUtbfs; thopNa. vz;birnaz; zpisaho;thh; vjpuhrd; thopNa vOgj;J ehy;th;f;nfz;zhd; Fiuj;jhd; thopNa gz;il kiwiaj; njhpe;j ghbaj;Njhd; thopNa gufhyd; mbapiziag; guTktd; thopNa jz;lkpo; Ehy; ek;kho;thh; ruzhdhd; thopNa jhuzpAk; tpz;ZYFk; jhd; cilNahd; thopNa njz;biu #o; G+Jhh; vk;ngUkhdhh; thopNa rpj;jpiuapy; nra;a jpUthjpiuNahd; thopNa.

*khKdpfs; mUspAs;s thopj;jpUjhkk;

(Mh;j;jp g;uge;jk; 30, 31, 32) rpuhUk; vjpuhrh; jpUtbfs; thop jpUtiuapy; rhj;jpa nre;Jtuhil thop VuhUk; nra;a tbT vg;nghOJk; thop ,yq;fpa Ke;Ehy; thop ,izj;Njhs;fs; thop Nrhuhj Ja;a nra;a Kfr; Nrhjp thop J}KWty; thop Jiz kyh;f; fz;fs; thop <uhW jpUehkk; mzpe;j vopy; thop ,dpjpUg;NghL vopy; Qhd Kj;jpiu thopNa. mWrkar; nrb mjid mb mWj;jhd; thopNa mlh;e;J tUk; Fjpl;bfis mwj;Jue;jhd; thopNa nrW fypiar; rpwpJkwj; jPh;j;J tpl;lhd; thopNa njd;duq;fh; nry;tk; Kw;Wk; jpUj;jp itj;jhd; thopNa kiw mjdpy; nghUs; midj;Jk; tha; nkhope;jhd; thopNa khwd; ciu nra;j jkpo; kiw tsh;j;Njhd; thopNa mwk;kpF ew;ngUk;G+Jhh; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa mofhUk; vjpuhrh; mbapizfs; thopNa.

rq;fu ghw;fuahjt ghl;lg; gpughfuh; jq;fs; kjk; rha;Tw thjpah; kha;Fth; vd;W rJkiw tho;jpL ehs; ntq;fyp ,q;fpdp tPW ekf;fpiy vd;W kpfj; jsh; ehs; Nkjpdp ek; Rik MWk; vdj;Jah; tpl;L tpaq;fpa ehs; kq;ifauhsp guhq;Fr Kd;dth; tho;T Kisj;jpL ehs; kd;dpa njd;duq;fhGhp khkiy kw;Wk; cte;jpL ehs; nrq;fay; thtpfs; #o; tay; ehSk; rpwe;j ngUk;G+Jhh;r; rPkhd; ,isaho;thh; te;jUspa ehs; jpUthjpiu ehNs.

*,e;j thopj;jpUehkk; jhd; ngUk;ghYk; vy;yh Nfhapy;fspYk; rhw;W Kiwapd; NghJ mEre;jpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ];thkp vk;ngUkhdhh; tbtoF - vk;ghh; mDgtpj;J mUspr;nra;jJ gw;gnkdj;jpfo; igq;foYk; jz; (igq;foy; ce;jd;) gy;ytNk tpuYk; ghtdkhfpa ige;Jtuhil gjpe;j kUq;foFk; Kg;GhpE}nyhL Kd;ifapy; Ve;jpa Kf;Nfhy; jd;doFk; (epyhtoFk;) Kd;dth; je;jpL nkhopfs; epiwe;jJ (epiwe;jpL) KWty; epyhtoFk; fw;gfNk tpop fUiz nghope;jpL fky Kfj;joFk; (fkyf;fz;zoFk;) fhhpRjd; foy; #ba KbAk; fdew;rpif moFk; (fdfew;rpifKbAk;) vg;nghOJk; vjpuhrd; tbtoF vd; ,jaj;Jsjhy; ,y;iynadf;nfjph; ,y;iynadf;nfjph; ,y;iynadf;nfjpNu.

kq;fs ];Nyhfk; =ke;k`hG+jGNu =kj;Nfஶta[;te: / fhe;jpkj;ahk; g;u]{jha ajpuh[ha kq;fsk; // =guhq;Fஶ ghjhg;[ ]{ugPf;Uj nksyNa / =tj;] rp`;e ehjha ajpuh[ha kq;fsk; // NஶN\h th i]e;a ehNjh th =gjph; Ntjp ]hj;tpif: / tpjh;f;aha k`hg;uh[;iQh; gh\;afhuha kq;fsk; //

b) Nrhkhrpahz;lhd; - rpj;jpiu jdpad; neskp yக்ஷ;kzNahfPe;j;u ghjN]itfjhuhfk; / =uhkf;uJ ehjhh;ak; =gh\;ahk;Uj ]hfuk; //

c) myq;fhu Ntq;flth; (jpUNtq;flrhhpa ];thkp) - khh;fop (mUshsg; ngUkhs; vk;ngUkhdhhpd; G+h;thr;uk jpUf;Fkhuh;) jdpad; =kj; jahghy KNe];jE}[k; jj;ghj N]thjp fjg;uNghjk; =kj; ajPe;j; uhq;;fphp epkf;e rpj;jk; =nfs]pfk; Ntq;fl #hpkPNl =uhkhE[ ghj gj;k Afsk; ]k;];Uj;a ]j;Nfh\;b\{ g;Nuk;zhyq;fpUj Ntq;fNl]FU hpj;ahf;ahk; guhk; g;uhg;jthe Nahn]s nfs]pf Nj]pNfh Fzepjp: =tpQ;rGh;ahk; ];jpj: jj;ghjhg;[ Afk; ekhkp ]jjk; ]k;]hu ]e;jhufk; thopj;jpUehkk; jpUkUTk; tpQ;irefh; nropf;f te;Njhd; thopNa =ghbafhuub Nrh;e;Ja;e;Njhd; thopNa mUshs khKdptdUs; ike;jd; thopNa mUkiwE}y; khwDiu Ma;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa kUspy; jpUkiy ek;gp kzthsd; thopNa khh;fopapy; Mjpiuehs; kfpo;e;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa jpUtuq;fh; jhspizapd; jpwk; gfh;Nthd; thopNa jpUNtq;flhrphpad; jpUtbfs; thopNa.

d) Ml;nfhz;ltpy;yp [Pah; - rpj;jpiu jdpad; [;Qhe ituhf;a ]k;ge;ek; uhkhD[gjhஶ;hpjk; / rJh;j;jhஶ;uk ]k;ge;jk; ]k;akPe;juk; ehk;a`k; //

e) $uFNyhj;jk jh]h; - Ig;grp jdpad;

Jyhh;j;uhahk; ]Kj;ge;ek; te;Nj Nyhfhh;a ]k;=jk; / =iஶNyஶFNuhh; [;Qheg;ujk; $uFNyhj;jkk; //

jpahd ];Nyhfk;

Nyhfhrhh;a f;Ugh ghj;uk; nfsz;be;a FyG+\zk; / ]k];jhj;k Fzhth]k; te;Nj $uFNyhj;jkk; // ];takh`{a irNy] FuNth;j;jg;ujhej: / yg;Njhjhuhgpjk;; $uFNyhj;jkk; m`k; gN[ // thopj;jpUehkk;

re;jjK kho;thh;fs; jkpo; tsh;j;Njhd; thopNa jhuzpapy; rpWey;Yhh; jhDilNahd; thopNa ve;ij Ayfhhpaid apiwQ;Rktd; thopNa ,yF Jyh thjpiuap ypq;Fjpj;jhd; thopNa ,e;j Tyfj;Njhh;f; fpjKiuj;Njhd; thopNa vopy;trd G+lzj;Jf; fpdpiknra;jhd; thopNa Fe;jpefh;r; rpe;ijnfhz;l nry;tdhh; thopNa $uFNyhj;jk jhrh; Fiufoy;fs; thopNa.

7) Gdh;G+rk;

a) rf;futh;j;jp jpUkfd; - rpj;jpiu jdpad; irj;ukhN] ]pNj gNக்ஷ etk;ahQ;r Gdh;tn]s / kj;ah`;Ne fh;f;fNl yf;Ne [hjk; uhkk; ]khஶ;uNa // nfs]y;ah ஶ{ஶ{Ng Nje Gj;Nuzhkpj Nj[]h / ajhtNuz Njtheh kjpjph; t[;ughzpeh //

kq;fsk;

kq;fsk; Nfh]Nye;j;uha k`ePa Fzhj;kNe / rf;uth;j;jp jEh[ha ]hh;t ngskha kq;fsk; //

b) FyNrfuho;thh; - khrp jdpad;

Fk;Ng Geh;tn]s [hjk; NfuNs tQ;rp kz;lNy / nfs];Jghk;ஶk; juhjPஶk; FyNஶfukhஶ ;uNa //

F\;aNj a];a efNu uq;fahj;uh jpNe jpNe / jk`k; ஶpu]h te;Nj uh[hek; FyNஶfuk; // ehs; ghl;L - cgNjruj;jpdkhiy - 13 ghRuk; khrpg;Gdh;G+rk; fhz;kpdpd;W kz;ZyfPh; Njrpj;jptrj;Jf; Nfnjd;dpy; - NgRfpd;Nwd; nfhy;ypefh;f;Nfhd; FyNrfud; gpwg;ghy; ey;yth;fs; nfhz;lhLk; ehs;. thopj;jpUehkk; mQ;rdkh kiyg;gpwtp ahjhpj;Njhd; thopNa mzpauq;fh; kzj;Jhid aile;Ja;e;Njhd; thopNa tQ;rpefuk; jd;dpy; thote;Njhd; thopNa khrpjd;dpw; Gdh;G+rk; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa mQ;rnydf; Flg;ghk;gp yq;ifapl;lhd; thopNa metuj kpuhkfij aUSktd; thopNa nrQ;nrhy;nkhop Ehw;wQ;RQ; nrg;gpdhd; thopNa Nruyh;Nfhd; nrq;fkyj;jpUtbfs; thopNa.

c) Kjypahz;lhd; - rpj;jpiu jdpad; NkN\ Geh;t]{jpNe jhஶuj;ak;ஶ]k;gtk; / ajPe;j;ughJfhgpf;ak; te;Nj jhஶujpk; FUk; //

ghJNf ajpuh[];a fjae;jp ajhf;aah / j];;a jhஶuNj: ghnjs ஶpu]h jhuahk;a`k; // m[`j; ghfpNeaj;tk; ghJfhj;tk; j;hpjz;ljhk; / ]k;g;uhg;jk; ajpuh[];a te;Nj jhஶujpk; FUk; // =itக்ஷ;zt ஶpNuh G+க்ஷh =uhkhE[ ghJfh / =thJ}y FNyhj;jk;]: =jhஶujpNujjhk; // thopj;jpUehkk; - mg;gps;is mUspaJ

*mj;jpfphp aUshsh; mbgzpe;Njhd; (mUs; ngWNthd;) thopNa mUl;gr;ir thuzj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa rpj;jpiuapy; Gdh;G+rk; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa rPghba kPLKjy; rPh;ngWNthd; thopNa cj;jkkhk; thJhyk; caute;Njhd; thopNa Ch;jpUe;jr; rPh;ghjk; Cd;wpdhd; thopNa Kj;jpiuAk; nrq;NfhYk; KbngWNthd; thopNa Kjypahz;lhd; nghw;gjq;fs; CopNjhWk; thopNa.

*,e;j thopj;jpUehkk; jhd; ngUk;ghYk; vy;yh Nfhapy;fspYk; rhw;W Kiwapd; NghJ mDre;jpf;fg;gLfpwJ. rpj;jpiuapy; Gdh;G+rk; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa =uq;fuh[ub rpe;ij nra;Nthd; thopNa gj;jpAld; gjpd;kh; fiy ghpe;jspg;Nghd; thopNa ghJifaha; ajpgjpjhs; gjpf;Fktd; thopNa Kf;jpjUk; vl;nlOj;ij nkhope;jUs;Nthd; thopNa Kf;Nfhy; vd;W vjpuhrh; nkhop ngw;Nwhd; thopNa jj;JtEhy; ghr\paj;ij jhpj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa jhrujp cgakyh;j; (espdkyh;j;) jhspizfs; thopNa.

mj;jpfphp aUshsh; mbgzpe;Njhd; thopNa mdtujk; vjpuhrh; mbnjhONthd; thopNa rpj;jpiuapy; Gdh;tRehs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa rPghbar; nrOk;nghUis nrg;Gktd; thopNa gr;irthuhzk; tpsq;f ghh;it nra;jhd; thopNa gufhyd; mbapizfs; guTktd; thopNa cj;jk thJhyFyk; cfe;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa ca;aJiz Kjypahz;lhd; xz;gjkpuz;Lk; thopNa. ehs; ghl;L vl;Lkpuz;LlNdjkpy; NtjK NkhjpAzh;e;jpLehs; vq;Fkplh;nfl mq;fKghq;fKNkhq;fpAah;e;jpL ehs; kl;ltpOk; nghopy; kd;Dk; muq;fh;jk; nrq;Nfhy; rpwe;jpL ehs; khFlghiye;J ehuzdhh;gjp tho;T nghype;jpLehs; ,l;lKah;e;njjpuhrUld; kiwKg;GhpA+l;ba ehs; vd; kUkhd; vd;wpth; gjKk; jz;lKkhf;fpf; nfhz;lUs; ehs; rpl;lh; kfpo;e;jpl jhrujpf;FU Nghe;J gpwe;jUs; ehs; rpj;jpiuapy; Gdh;G+rkjhfpa nry;tk; kfpe;jpL ehNs.

d) vk;ghh; - ij jdpad;

uhkhE[ gjr;rhah Nfhtpe;jh`; theghapeP / jjhaj;j ];t&gh ]h [Pahe; kj;tpஶ;uk];jyP // G\;Na Geh;t]{ jpNe [hjk; Nfhtpe;j Njஶpfk; / uhkhE[ gjhk;Ngh[ uh[`k;]k; ]khஶ ;uNa // thopj;jpUehkk; G+tsUk; jpUkfshh; (jpUkfshy;) nghypTw;Nwhd; thopNa ngha;ifKjy; gjpd;kh;fiyg; nghUSiug;Nghd; thopNa khtsUk; G+J}ud; kyh;g;gjj;Njhd; thopNa kfuj;jpy; Gdh;G+rk; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa NjTk; vg;NghUSk; gilf;fj; jpUe;jpdhd; thopNa jpUkiy ek;gpf; fbik nra;Aktd; thopNa ghitah;fs; fytpapUs; gfnyd;whd; thopNa gl;lh;njhOk; vk;ghh; nghw;gj kpuz;Lk; thopNa.

ehs; ghl;L kl;ltpo;; G+k; (kl;ltpOk;) nghopy; koiy ed;dfh; tho;ts Nkhq;fpa ehs; tl;lkzpf;Fy khjth; kdkpir tho;r;rp tsh;;e;jpL (kfpo;e;jpL) ehs; fl;lkfd;nwhUfhy; ,isaho;thh; fr;rpnghUe;jpa ehs; fl;ltpOk;gb fhrpdpNahh;f;nfhU fw;gfkhfpa ehs; gl;lhplh;nfl gh\;afhuh;jk; ghh;it gypj;jpL ehs; gl;lguhruh; ghJifahf;fpa gukd; cjpj;jpL ehs; nghl;lzp khjh;jk; ngha;f;fytpf; fpUs; Nghe;;jzpah

vk;ghh; (Nghe;jUs;) Nghe;J gpwe;jpLk;, ijajdpy; Gdh;G+rk; mnjD ehNs. jpUtuq;fk; jpUf;FU$h; jpUNtq;flk; tho jpUtj;jpA+h; Kjyhd jpUg;gjpfs; jhk; tho fhjYld; fly;R+o;e;j Qhyj;Nj te;Jjpj;j Nfhtpe;j khKdpNa! ,d;DnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;. kq;fs ];Nyhfk; kq;fsk; NjஶpNfe;j;uha kq;fsk; Fz ]pe;jNt / kq;fsk; Nfhtpe;jhh;aha epj;a=h; epj;a kq;fsk; //

e) fe;jhilahz;lhd; - khrp jdpad;

Fk;Ng Geh;tn]s [hjk; uhkhE[ FUk; gN[/ mfNuhj; ajpuh[hh;r;rhk; uq;Nf G+jGNu ra: // thopj;jpUehkk; khrpjdpy; Gdh;G+rk; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa kz;Zyfpy; vjpuhrh; kyubNahd; thopNa NjRila Kjypahz;lhd; jpUkfdhh; thopNa nrOkhiy ed;whh; Jauk; jPh;j;Jtpl;lhd; thopNa tha;rpwe;j ijtj;ij kdj;jpy; itg;Nghd; thopNa tz;ik ngUk;G+J}hpy; te;jUs;Nthd; thopNa fhrpdpNahh;f;fpjg; nghUisf; fhl;Lktd; thopNa fe;jhilahz;lhd; jd; foypizfs; thopNa.

f) xd;whd thdkhkiy uhkhE[ [Pah; (nghd;dbf;fhy; [Pah;) - Gul;lhrp jdpad; fhe;Njhgae;j;U Kepth;a flhக்ஷ ghj;uk;

[;Qhehjp\l;Fz fzhk;Uj thhpuhஶpk; / fe;ahGeh;t]{ g[hjkeh;f;fஶPyk;

uhkhE[k; ffeiஶy Kepk; g[hkp // epj;aj;jdpad;-Nrhsrpk;kGuk; Nfhapy; fe;jhil njhl;ilahrhhpah; mUspaJ

uk;a [hkhj;U NahfPe;ju ghjNufhkak; ]jh / jjhaj;jhj;k]j;jhjpk; uhkhE[ Kepk; gN[ // thopj;jpUehkk; jpUtpUe;j kyh;j; jhs;fs; thopNa rpwe;j nre;JtuhilAk; thopNa jUtpUe;jif Kf;NfhYk; thopNa jlk; Gaj;jpdpy; rq;fhop thopNa kUT nfhz;ly; kzths Nahfpia tho;j;jp tha;e;;jUs; tha; kyh; thopNa fUiz NkTk; ,uhkDr Kdp fdf nksyp fye;Jhop thopNa. mbath; jk; Jauidj;Jk; mWj;jUs;Nthd; thopNa mzpnghopy; rPtukq;if mtjhpj;Njhd; thopNa fbnghopy;R+o; G+Jhh;kd; foy; gzpe;Njhd; thopNa fUj;ijalh; Gyd;fs; Ie;Jk; fbe;Jtpl;Nlhd; thopNa tlnkhop njd;nkhop kiwfs; tFj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa kzths khKdpia tho;j;Jktd; thopNa ,lUjjp KOFk; vid vLj;jspg;Nghd; thopNa vd;dg;gd; ,uhkD[ Kdptd; thopNa. gzthsutpy; Japy; muq;Nfrh; gjk; gzpAk; kzths khKdp; khkyu;j; jhs;;fis tho;j;Jk; ey;y Fzthsd; ve;ij ,uhkhDrKdpf; Nfhjpy; gjk; jzth epjp ekf;F vd;nwd;;;W ehNlhWk; rhw;W neQ;Nr. rPPh; thop ,uhkhDr Kdptd; khkyh;j; jhs; thopatd; fUiz khNdhf;Fk; - thopNa ve;ij kzths Kdp ,d;dUshy; khwd; ,irr; nre;jkpioj; Njh;e;Jiuf;Fk; rPh;.

g) gj;jq;fp gut];J gl;lh;gpuhd; [Pah; - fhh;j;jpif jdpad;

a: Geh;t]{er\j;Nu t;U];rpf];Nj uthTijj; / re;Njhftk;N] Nfhe;jgl;lehjk; jkh];uNa // t;Uஶ ;rpNfSjpjpNg[hjk; gut];j;tk;ஶ G+\zk; / tuNahfp gjhjhuk; gl;lehjKdpk; gN[ // tuNahfp gjhjhuk; gut];j;tk; ஶ G+\zk; / gl;lehj Kdpk; te;Nj jPgf;j;ahjp Fzhh;ztk; //

uk;ah[hkhj;U NahfPe;j;u ghjN]itf jhufk; / gl;ljhj Kdpk; te;Nj thj;]y;ahjp Fzhh;ztk; // t;Uஶ ;rpNf jpjpNg[hjk; tuNahfp gjhr;hpjk; / fhh;f;a tk;] ]Kj;G+jk; gl;lehjKepk;; gN[ // thopj;jpUehkk; ,d;Dyfpy; fr;rpjdpy; te;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa vopy; fhh;j;jpg; Geh;G+rj;jpq;Fw;whd; thopNa kd;Dkiwj; jz;lkpio kfpo;e;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa kzths Nahfp kyh;j;jhs; gzpNthd; thopNa gd;D rpr;rd; mDl;lhdk; mwptpj;jhd; thopNa ghhpy; ml;ljpf;faj;jpy; Ngh; ngw;whd; thopNa nrhd;dnewp kJuftp NghYktd; thopNa Jha;ikkpF gl;lh;gpuhd; Jizabfs; thopNa.

h) xd;whd ,uhkhE[k;gps;is (Mj;jhd; ];thkpapd; jpUj;jfg;gdhh;) - gq;Fdp jdpad; te;Nj thd k`h iஶy uhkhE[ Kepg;hpak; / uhkhE[hh;ak; ]h;tf;Qk; thj;]he;ta tpG+\zk; // cjpjk; ghy;FNdkh]p Geh;t]; tgpNahLep / thj;];;a uhkhE[hrhh;ak; te;Nj ];j;Fz ]hfuk; //

rPh; thop ,uhkhErk; gps;is khkyh;j;jhs; (fs;) thopatd; KLk;ig khefuk; - thopNa me;jkpy; rPh; khwd; kiwg;nghhUis mk;GtpNahh; rpe;ijAwj; Njh;e;Jiuf;Fk; rPh;. thopj;jpUehkk; vq;fs; kzthsKdp ,izabfs; kwthj ,uhkhEr Kepgjk; ,jaj;Nj itj;jUs; KLk;igah; Fyhjpgd; ,uhkhE[k; gps;is jd; nghq;FGfo; nghiw f;Uig MrhuePjpf;F nghUisg;Aiuf;f ntd;why;

,td; G+tNdh, md;wp khNyh, NrlNdh, md;wp G+h;th;fspy; ek;gps;isNah mq;fKld; ehd;kiwfs; jkpo; nra;j Mo;thh;fs; midtUila MfhuNkh Mo;fliyadz nra;j mgpuhk ePjpfij mUs; nra;j thy;kPfpNah jq;F GfNohh; jjPajh;rdk; thoNt jhuzpapy; te;Jjpj;Njhd; rj;jpa nkj;jpirAk; tPRGfo; vjpurhh; jk;Kila mtjhuNk. gq;Fdpapy; Gdh;G+rk; ghUjpj;jhd;; thopNa gz;Gila tujhh;ad; jpUtbNahd; thopNa rq;FlNd jpUthop rfj;jspg;Nghd; thopNa rJh;kiwNah BLgh\;ak; rjKiug;Nghd; thopNa jq;FGfo;r; rlNfhgd; jtkilNahd; thopNa juzpkpF kUshsh;jhs; njhONthd; thopNa vq;F nkhyp kiwKLk;ig naa;jpdhd; thopNa vopYila tpuhkhD[k;gps;is ,izg;gjq;fs; thopNa. cj;jkkhk; KLk;igefh; cjpj;jgpuhd; thopNa cyfhhpad; fiygyGk; ciue;jUs;Nthd; thopNa kj;jpkkhk; gjg;nghUis tho;tpj;Njhd; thopNa kfpo;khwd; epakdj;jhy; FUif te;Njhd; thopNa mj;jpfphp mUshsh;f; fd;GilNahd; thopNa mtdp ca;a Mj;jhid mUspdhhd; thopNa Rj;jKil Gdh;G+r tpUr;rfj;Njhd; thopNa njhy;Gfo; ,uhkhD[k;gps;is Jizabfs; thopNa.

njhq;fy; Njrpfh;fs; thoj; jpUtha;nkhop tho khrpy;Gfo; khwditjhk; tho - fhrpdpapapy; kd;DGfo; FUifte;j ,uhkhDrhhpaNd ,d;DnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;.

i) mj;jq;fp ftpG+\zk; Fkhu jhj;jhr;rhhpahh; ];thkp – gq;Fdp (Vl;�h; rpq;fuhrhh;ah; ];thkp jpUtk;rj;jth;)

jdpad; aj;ghj gj;kAfyP juzph;f;fgPuh ]k;]hu ]hfu ]Kj;juzha [e;Njh: jk;=Fkhu ftpG+\z jhj]{hpk;

=iஶy Ntq;fl FNuh];jeak; gN[k.

jpUeக்ஷj;u jdpad;

tpgtஶujp kPNekh]p aஶ ;ஶ{f;ygNக்ஷ

etkjpjpAjhahk; jhufhah kjpj;ah: uFgjphpt [[;NQ jk; Fkhuhgpjhek; FUtuk`kPNl jhjtk;ஶhjtk;]k;.

rPh; ghl;L thop naopw; Fkhu jhjhh;ad; thopatd; jho;tpy;yhg; nghd;dbfs; jhk; thop - thopatd; nre;jkpNohlhhpaj;jpw; Nrh;e;jpL Ntjhe;jr; rpe;jhg; nghUSiuf;Fk; rPh;. thopj; jpUehkq;fs; mile;jth;fs; jk; Jaiu mWj;jUs;Nthd; thopNa mUkiwapd; fUj;jjid aspj;jpLNthd; thopNa kpile;j guthjpahpd; kpLf;nfhopg;Nghd; thopNa Nkyhd nghUsjid tphpj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa gilj;j Gfo;r; rlkU\zf;Fyj;Njhd; thopNa gq;Fdpapw; Gdh;t]{ehs; ghUjpj;Njhd; thopNa nfhilAil Ntq;flFUjhs; nrd;dpkpir nfhs;Sk; Fkhu jhjhrhhpad; Fiufoy;fs; thopNa.

nra;a ngUq; fky Kwo; jpUtbfs; thopNa rPuhUk; jpUtiuapw;wpfo;fiyAk; thopNa Ja;ajpUTe;jpNahL J}a;khh;Gk; thopNa NjhkW ew;Ghp E}Yk; NjhspizAk; thopNa ifA kjpnyhsph; Qhd Kj;jpiuAk; thopNa fUjhpa Ntjhe;j Kiu gtsk; thopNa ngha;apy;yhf; fUiz kionghop eaek; thopNa Nghj epiw Fkhu jhjhrhhpad; thopNa. ehs; ghl;L rJkiw ew;nghUs; jhuzpkPjpdpy; ed;F jioj;jpLehs; jhkiu Nktpakhkfs;Nfhd;kpFjfTl Ndhq;fpLehs; kJepiwkhkfpo; khwdspj;jUs; khkiwtho;e;jpLehs; khypDah;r;rpia kz;zpdpy; ehl;nljpuhrd; kfpo;e;jpLehs;. tpJGiufiy epiwtpGjh;fs; G+kptpsq;fp Aiwe;jpLehs; Ntjpah; Nktpa jpUty;ypf;Nfzpapy; tPWepiwe;jpLehs; FJfy neQ;Ril tQ;rfthjpah;nfhs;if Fiwe;jpLehs; Fkhu jhjhhpah; jpUttjhpj;jUs; ehs; Gdh;t]{ehNs.

8) G+rk;

a) nry;tg;gps;is - gq;Fdp jdpad; ]h;t]k;gj;g;ujk; e;&zhk; ]k;gj;Gj;uk; ஶ ;;hpa: gjpk; / kPNe G\;Na aJfpnus f;;Ujhtph;g;ght khஶ;uNa // kq;fs ];Nyhfk; fkyhFr f];JhhP fh;j;jkhq;fpj tக்ஷN] / ahjthj;hp epth]ha ]k;gj;Gj;uha kq;fsk; // b) jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; nry;t ek;gp - Mtzp thopj;jpUehkk; md;dtay; Nfhl;b efh;f;fjpgjpNahd; thopNa MtzpNrh; G+rj;jpy; mtj;jhpj;jhd; thopNa tz;zkyuhs; Nfhdha; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa kiwath;Nfhd; gl;lh;gpuhd; tho;j;Jktd; thopNa gd;;Dgy ew;fiyfs; gapYktd; thopNa gz;;GlNd Nfhl;bek;gp gzpAktd; thopNa njd;dtDf;fhhpadha;j; Njh;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa nry;t ek;gp jpUtbfs; rfjyj;jpy; thopNa.

c) gpujpthjp gaq;fuk;mz;zh - Mb jdpad; fh;f;fNl G\;a]Q;[hjk; thjpgPfukhஶ;uNa / Ntjhe;jhrhh;a ]r;rp\;ak; tuNahfp gjhஶ ;hpjk; // Ntjhe;jNjஶpf flhக்ஷ tpt;Uj;jNghjk;

fhe;Njhgae;j;Uakpe: fUizfghj;uk; / tj;]he;tthak etj;aFizUNgjk;

gf;j;ah g[hkp guthjpgaq;fuhh;ak; //

thopj;jpUehkk; kd;DGfo; kzths Kdpf;fd;gd; thopNa khwd; rlNfhkd;nkhop tOthjhd; thopNa md;iwapYk; mile;jth;ghy; mUSilNahd; thopNa milTlNd Ntjhe;jk; mwpe;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa vd;idAe;jd; ,d;dUshy; vLj;jspj;jhd; thopNa ,uz;LyFk; jd;Gfio Naj;Jktd; thopNa gd;Dfiy Mo;thh;fs; gjKilNahd; thopNa guthjp gaq;fudhh; gbapnyd;Wk; thopNa. ehs; ghl;L vj;jpirAk; GfNohq;fp tsh;e;jpl te;J gpwe;jpLehs; Vuzp fPh;j;jp vk;ngUkhdhh; jk; jhprdk; Va;e;jpLehs; gj;jp tpuj;jpfs; ghq;fpdp Nyhq;fplg; ghhpid ca;j;jpLehs; ghtdkhfpa gukgje;jdpy; thry; jpwe;jpLehs; Kj;jpjUk; efNuopdpy; rPhpa fr;rp tpsq;fpLehs; Kd;dth; mUspa nkhopfs; tpsq;fpl tPW ngWj;jpL ehs; xj;j Klk;igf; Fyj;jpNyhh; rPhpa thjp gaq;fudhh; cyfpy; cjpj;jpL ehs; jpUthbapy; G\;ankDk; ehNs. khiyGid Njhshd; kzths khKdptd; Nfhyk; kwthj nfhz;lNy - ghyKjk; vd;Dk; guthjp gaq;fu kz;zNd ,d;dnkhU Ehw;whz;bUk;. kq;fs ];Nyhfk; kq;fsk; FUth;aha kq;fsk; Fz]pe;jNt / =thjp gPjpfuhh;aha epj;a=h; epj;akq;fsk; //

d) =ngUk;G+J}h; xd;whd ajpuh[ [Pah; - Ig;grp jdpad;

Jyh G\;a ]Kj;G+jk; =kj; G+jGuhjpgk; / ajpuh[ k`hnksepk; ke;j;uuj;e g;ujk; gN[ // =kj; uhkhE[hq;f;hp g;utz tuKNe: ghJfk; [hjg;Uq;fk; =kj; thehj;hp uhkhE[ fzFU ]j;;itgt ];Njhj;ujPக்ஷk; / thJ}y =epth]hh;a ruz ஶuzk; jj;f;Ugh yg;jgh\;;ak;

te;Nj g;uh[;Qk; ajPe;j;uk; tutujFNuh: g;uhg;j gf;jhk;Ujhh;j;jk; //

thopj;jpUehkk; nra;a jhkiuj;; jhspid thopNa rpwe;jnre;JtuhilAk; thopNa Ja;a khh;gpdpy; kzptlk; thopNa Jyq;F NjhSW Ke;E}Yk; thopNa ifapNye;jpa Kf;NfhYk; thopNa fUizahh; jpUf;fz;kyh; thopNa ngha;apyhj ntjpuhrkhKdp GtpapNyhq;;fpa Gfo;tsk; thopNa. nrQ;nrhy; khj;jkpo; kiwapd; rpwg;Giug;Nghd; thopNa nra;aJ}yhg;;G+rj;jpw; rpwe;Jjpj;N;jhd; thopNa jQ;rnkdg;G+Jhud;; jhs;;gzpNthd; thopNa juhjyj;Njhh; Fiwnahopf;Fk; jz;zspNahd; thopNa fQ;rkyh;f; fz;zidNa fUj;jikg;;Nghd; thopNa fbnghopy; ew;G+J}ud; foy;gzpNthd; thopNa mQ;rnyd tile;Njhiu ahjhpg;Nghd; thopNa MrpnyjpuhrKdpabapizfs; thopNa. mbahh;fs; tho mtdpANshh; tho rlNfhgd; jz;lkpOk; tho - gbkPjpy; ,d;Dapiu ahSk; vjpuhr khKdpNa ,d;dnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;.

9) Mapy;ak;

a) khwNdhp ek;gp - Mdp jdpad;

kpJNe ]hh;g;gNg [hjk; ahKehh;agjh=jk; / cj;jhufk; ajPe;j;u];a khuNehp FUk;gN[ //

ahKehrhh;a]r;rp\;ak; uq;f];jy epth]pek; / [;Qhegf;j;ahjp ]k;ge;ek; khuNehpFUk;gN[ // thopj;jpUehkk; Mdpjdpy; Mapypak; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa Mste;jhh; jpUtbfs; Mr;uapj;Njhd; thopNa khepyk; vjpuhrh;kdk; tho;tpj;Njhd; thopNa kjpsuq;fefukjpy; tho;e;;jUs;Nthd; thopNa NjdkUk; njd;nkhopapd; rpwg;gwpe;Njhd; thopNa jpfo;Qhd gf;jpfshy; Nrh;e;jpUg;N;ghd; thopNa thdthpy; nghUthpq;F kfpo;e;Jte;Njhd; thopNa khwNdhp ek;gpapiz kyubfs; thopNa.

b) gps;isAuq;fhtpy;ypjh]h;- khrp jdpad; Fk;Ng rh];;Ny\]k;G+jk; [;Qhehjp Fz]hfuk; uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; jEh;jh] k`k;gN[. [hf&fk; jE\;ghzpk; ghnzs fl;f ]ke;tpjk; uhkhE[ ];gh;]Ntjpk; uhj;jhe;jhh;j;jg;ufhஶfk;.

c) Nfhapy; nfhkhz;�;h; ,isatpy;yp Mr;rhd; - rpj;jpiu

jdpad; =nfsஶpfhe;ta k`hk;Gjp G+h;zre;j;uk; / =gh\;afhu [eeP ]`[h jEh[k; // =iஶyG+h;z gjgq;f[ ]f;jrpj;jk; / =ghyje;tp FUth;a k`k; g[hkp //

=ajPe;j;u khj;U ];t];;hPa: g;ujpjhh;agNj ];jpj: / %yG+j: nfsrpfhehk; jk; te;Nj ghyje;tpek; // thopj;jpUehkk; gj;jpAld; gjpd;kh;fiyg; gfUktd; thopNa gz;luq;fh; gjk;neQ;rpy; gw;wp epd;whd; thopNa vj;jpuhrh; ,izabNa jQ;rnkd;whd; thopNa vopy; kiwapd; Vhpf;Nfhh; kjfhdhd; thopNa Kj;jpjUk; newpjd;id nkhope;jUs;Nthd; thopNa %J jpUkiyek;gpf; fhl;nra;jhd; thopNa rpj;jpiuapy; Mapy;ak; rpwf;f te;jhd; thopNa rPh; ghyjd;tp FU jpUj;jhs;fs; thopNa. rPuhUk; jpUg;gjpapy; jpfo;e;jpUe;jhd; thopNa Ntq;flth; jhspizia tpUk;Gktd; thopNa VuhUk; vjpuhrd; ,izabNahd; thopNa rPuhUk; mth; jha;f;Fg; gpd;dts; jead; thopNa gj;jpAld; ghbaj;ijr; nrg;Gktd; thopNa vopy; rpj;jpiu Mapypak; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa ghh; tpsq;Fk; nfhkhz;̂ hpy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa me;jkpy; rPh;,isatpy;ypg; gudbfs; thopNa.

10) kfk;

a) jpUkopiraho;thh; - ij jdpad; kfhahk; kfNu khN] rf;uhk;ஶk; ghh;f;fNthj;gtk; / k`P]hhGuhjPஶk; gf;jp]huk`k; gN[ // ஶf;jp gQ;rka tpf;u`hj;kNe ஶ{f;;jp`hu [pjrpj;j `hhpNz / Kf;jp jhaf KuhhpghjNahh; gf;jp]huKuNa eNkh ek: //

ehs; ghl;L - cgNjruj;jpdkhiy – 12Mk; ghRuk; ijapy; kfkpd;W jhuzpaPh; Vw;wk;. ,e;jj; ijapy; kfj;Jf;Fr; rhw;Wfpd;Nwd; - Ja;akjp ngw;w kopirg;gpuhd; gpwe;jehnsd;W ew;wth;fs; nfhz;lhLk; ehs;. thopj;jpUehkk; md;Glde;jhjp njhz;Z}w;whWiuj;jhd; thopNa mofhUe; jpUkopir akh;e;jnry;td; thopNa ,d;gkpF ijapy; kfj; jpq;Fjp;j;jhd; thopNa vopy; re;jtpUj;jk; Ew;wpUgjPe;jhd; thopNa Kd;Gfj;jpy; te;Jjpj;j Kdptdhh; thopNa KOg;ngUf;fpy; nghd;dpnajph; kpje;j nrhy;Nyhd; thopNa ed;Gtpapy; ehyhapuj;njOE}w;whd; thopNa eq;fs; gf;jprhuh; ,U ew;gjq;fs; thopNa.

b) kzf;fhy; ek;gp - khrp jdpad; Fk;gkhN] kNfhj;G+jk; uhkkpஶ;u Kgh];kN` / Gz;lhPfhக்ஷ ghjhg;[ ]khஶ;uaz ஶhypek; //

maj;eNjh ahKekhj;kjh] ksh;f;f gj;uhh;g;gz ep\;f;uNaz / Nah f;hPjtheh];jpj nastuh[;ak; ekhkp jk; uhkkNka ]j;j;tk; //

thopj;jpUehkk; NjrKa;af; nfhz;lth; jhs; nrd;dpitg;Nghd; thopNa njd;duq;fh; rPuUisr; Nrh;e;jpUg;Nghd; thopNa jhrujp jpUehkk; jiof;f te;Njhd; thopNa jkpo; ehjKdpAfg;igj; jhgpj;jhd; thopNa NerKldhhpaid epakpj;jhd; thopNa ePzpyj;jpy; gjpd;kh;fiy epWj;jpdhd; thopNa khrp kfe;jdpy; tpsq;f te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa khy; kzf;fhy; ek;gp gjk; itafj;jpy; thopNa.

c) jpUkhiyahz;lhd; (Mste;jhh; rp\;ah;) - khrp jdpad;

gf;jhk;Ujk; thQ;rpj ghhp[hjk; khyhjuk; ahKeghjgf;jk; / =gh\;afhuhh;j;j `pNjhgNjak; =QheG+h;zk; ]pu]hekhkp // thopj;jpUehkk; mk;Gtpap yhste;jh ubapizNahd; thopNa Mhpadh kth;gjj;ij ad;Gnra;Njhd; thopNa ntk;gptUk; thjpaiu Nth;fise;Njhd; thopNa Nkjpdpapy; ehYhh; tpsq;fte;Njhd; thopNa vk;ngUkhndjpuhrw; fPLiuj;jhd; thopNa Vw;wKs;s khrpkf kpyq;fte;Njhd; thopNa tk;gtpOk; Nrhiykiy thote;Njhd; thopNa khyh juhhpad;jhs; khepyj;jpy; thopNa. tPRGfo;r; rq;fhop tpsq;FGak; thopNa tpz;Zah;e;j kiyaofh; tpUk;Gktd; thopNa khrp kfkpg;Gtpapy; te;Jjpj;N;jhd; thopNa kiwg;nghUis cilath;f;F tFj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa fhrpg ew;Fyj;Jjpj;j fUid epjp thopNa ifahop rq;fjpdhy; fjp jUNthd; thopNa NjRGfohste;jhh; jpUtbNahd; thopNa jpUkhiyahz;lhd; jhs; nrfjyj;jpy; thopNa. rPh;

thopkhiyahz;lhd;jhs; thopatd; kd;DFyk; thop jpU khyofh; thopaNt - thopaNuh jpz;G+J}h; khKdpf;Fj; jpUtha; nkhopg;nghUis cz;ikAld; XjpaUs; rPh;.

d) fe;jhilag;gd; (fe;jhilaz;zd; jpUj;jk;gpahh;) - Gul;lhrp jdpad;

tujFU ruzk; ruzk; tutuKdpth;a fdf;Ugh ghj;jpuk; / g;utFz uj;d [yjpk; g;uzkhkp =dpth] FUth;ak; //

Njrpfk; =dpth]hf;ak; Njtuh[ FNuh];]{jk; / G+\pjk; ]j;Fizh;te;Nj [Ptpjk; kk]h;tjh //

=it\;zt rpNuhG+\h =uhkhD[ ghJfh / =thJ}y FNyhj;jk;]: =jhrujpNujjhk; // =uq;fehj =fhh;aJh;Nah thJ}y Njrpf: / VfNj ajpuh[hq;fhp thjpkj;NjgNf]hp //

Mq;fPu]th;N\h;Nf fe;ahuhrpk;fNj j;uNahjr;ahk; / [hjk; kfhf;ajhNu g;uzkhkp =epth] FUth;ak; //

thopj;jpUehkk;, ehs; ghl;L, ntz;gh vjpuhrd; Neuhf ,q;Fjpj;Njhd; thopNa vopy; fe;jhilaz;zDf;F ,isatdhh; thopNa kjpj;jGfo;f; fd;dpjd;dpy; kfj;Jjpj;N;jhd; thopNa kzthskhKdpts; kyubNahd; thopNa gjpghUk; E}w;nwl;Lk; gzAktd; thopNa gjpd;kh;fiy mDjpdKk; gfUktd; thopNa vjpuhrd; ghbaj;jpw;; fPLiug;Nghd; thopNa vopykh; fe;jhilag;gd; ,izabfs; thopNa. rPh;kyp ehd;kiw me;jzh; Mjpah; rpe;ij kfpo;e;jpL ehs; Njdkh;Nrhiy muq;fKjw;wpjo;gjpfs; rpwe;jpL ehs; g+uzNktukhKdp jz;zUs; nghq;fp tope;jpL ehs; Ge;jpjUk; jpUke;jpuKk; gyfiyfs; nghype;jpLehs; Mh;tkjh yUfioj;J tho;tpj;jth; mgpkjk; Xq;fpL ehs; Mh;e;jGfo; thJ}yFyj;jth; Miznropj;jpL ehs; fhh;epfh; tz;iff; fUizad; mg;gd; fhrpdpNjhd;wpa ehs; fd;dpjdpy; jpUkhkfk; vd;Wk; ftpDW ed;dhNs. ke;jpuq;fs; tho kzthsKdp thoTah; ve;ij vjpuhrndopy; tho - re;jjKk; kd;DGfo;f; fe;jhil kd;dndD kg;gNd ,d;dnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;.

11) G+uk;

a) aJfphp ehr;rpahh; - Mb jdpad;

ehuhaz];a k`p\Pk; ahjthj;hp epth] ePk; / fh;ffNl G+h;tgy;Fe;ahk; ]Q;[hjhk; =akhஶ;uNa //

ehuhazFNuh: gj;ePk; jj;ghj fkhy=jhk; / ]h;t ]k;gj ]k;Af;jhk; ePshNjtPk; ]khஶ;uNa //

b) =Mz;lhs; - Mb jdpad;

fh;f;fNl G+h;tgy;Fe;ahk; Js]P fheNehj;gthk; / ghz;;l;Na tpஶ;tk;guhk; Nfhjhk; te;Nj =uq;fehafPk; //

Njt];a k`p\Pk; jpt;ahk; Mnjs NfhjhKgh];kN` / ae;nksypkhypfhk; g;hPj;ah ];tPfNuhjp ];tak; g;uG: // ; ePshJq;f];jefphpjB]{g;jk; cj;Nghj;a f;U\;zk; ghuhh;j;ak; ];tk; ஶ;Ujp ஶj ஶpu]; ]pj;jkj;ah gae;jP / ];Nthr;rp\;lhahk; ];u[p epfspjk; ah gyhj;f;Uj;a Gq;f;Nj

Nfhjh j];;ia ek ,jkpjk; G+a Vths];J G+a: // ehs; ghl;L cgNjruj;jpdkhiy ,d;Nwh jpUthbg;g+uk; . vkf;fhf td;Nwh ,q;fhz;lhstjhpj;jhs; - Fd;whj tho;thd itFe;jthd; Nghfe;jd;idapfo;e;J Mo;thh; jpUkfshuha;. (22) nghpaho;thh; ngz;gps;isaha; . Mz;lhs; gpwe;j jpUthbg;g+uj;jpd; rPh;ik - xUehisf; Fz;NlhkdNk Azh;e;Jghh; . Mz;lhSf; Fz;lhfpnyhg; gpjw;FKz;L. (23)

mQ;RFbf; nfhUre;jjpaha; . Mo;thh;fs; jQ;nraiy tpQ;rpepw;Fk; jd;ikasha;g; - gpQ;rha;g; gOj;jhis ahz;lhisg; gj;jpAld;ehSk; tOj;jha; kdNkkfpo;e;J. (24) khh;fop khjj;jpy; mEre;jpf;ff;$ba ghRuq;fs; - Ntjg;gpuhd; gl;lh; mUspaJ Nfhij gpwe;jT+h; Nfhtpe;jd; thO%h; Nrhjp kzpkhlk; Njhd;W%h; - ePjpahy; ey;y gj;jh; thO%h; ehd;kiwfNshJ%h; tpy;ypGj;J}h; Ntjf;NfhD}h;. ghjfq;fs; jPh;f;Fk; gukdb fhl;Lk; Ntjkidj;Jf;Fk; tpj;jhFk; - Nfhij jkpo; Iiae;Jike;Jk; mwpahj khdpliu itak; Rkg;;gJk; tk;G. thopj;jpUehkk; jpUthbg; G+uj;jpy; nrfj;Jjpj;jhs; thopNa jpUg;ghit Kg;gJk; nrg;gpdhs; thopNa nghpaho;thh; ngw;nwLj;j ngz;gps;is thopNa ngUk;G+Jhh; khKdpf;Fg; gpd;dhdhs; thopNa xUEhw;W ehw;gj;J %d;Diuj;jhs; thopNa cauuq;fh;f;Nf fz;zp Afe;jspj;jhs; thopNa kUthUe; jpUky;yp tsehb thopNa tz;GJit efh;f;Nfhij kyh;g;gjq;fs; thopNa. Nfhjh];Jjp =tp\;Zrpj;j Fyee;je fy;gty;yPk; =uq;fuh[ `hpre;je eNahfj;Ur;ahk; ]hக்ஷhj; க்ஷkhk; fUzah me;ahk; fkyhk; ,t (];jpjhk;) Nfhjhk;

mee;aruz: (m`k;) ruzk; g;ugj;Na. kq;fsk;

=kj;;ia tp\;Zrpj;jhh;a kNehee;jeN;̀ jNt / ee;;;jee;je]{e;jh;ia Nfhjhia epj;akq;fsk; //

];Nthr;rp\;l khypfhge;jfe;jge;Ju [p\;zNt / tp\;Zrpj;j jEh[hia Nfhjhia epj;ja kq;fsk; //

c) fe;jhilj;Njhog;gh; - Mb jdpad;

fh;f;fNl G+h;tgy;Fe;ahk; [hjk; Nyhfhh;a ]k;=jk; / te;Nj thj;]y;a [yjpk; tuhzhjPஶ Njஶpfk; // uhkhE[hh;a ]j;Guk; thuzhjPஶ Njஶpfk; / Nyhfrhh;a f;Ughghj;uk; te;Nj Fzfzhh;ztk; // ,tiu Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 51Mk; ghRuk; Jd;D Gfo;f; fe;jhilj; Njhog;gh; jk; cfg;ghy; vd;d cyhfhhpaNdh vd;Wiuf;f - gpd;id cyfhhpad; vd;Dk; Ngh; ek;gps;isf;F xq;fp tpyfhky; epd;wnjd;Wk; Nky;. thopj;jpUehkk; G+ukjpy; flfj;jpy; GtpAjpj;Njhd; thopNa Gfo; nghpaek;gps;is nghw;gjj;Njhd; thopNa ghh;kyp uhkhErhrhh;ad; gfh; Fkhud; thopNa gukgj;jp nka;Q;Qhdg; gjj;jpUg;Nghd; thopNa thuzhjPr;tuh; ehkk; tha;e;jpUg;Nghd; thopNa thr;rypaf; flnyd;d tho;e;jUs;Nthd; thopNa fhhpkhwd; jkpo; kiwapd; fUj;jwpe;Njhd; thopNa fe;jhil Njhog;gh; foypizfs; thopNa.

12) cj;jpuk;

a) =uq;fehr;rpahh; - gq;Fdp jdpad; ghy;FNehj;ju gy;Fe;ahk; ]k;G+jhk ஶ;hpakhஶ;uNa / tp\;Nzhh; jpt;a gjhk; Ngh[ flfhk; jj;gjhஶ;hpjhk; // ekஶ; =uq;fehaf;ia aj;g;& tpg;ukNgjj: / <Nஶ ஶpjt;a it\k;a epk;Nehe;ej kpjk; [fj; // thopj;jpUehkk; nghpa ngUkhs; jpUkfSk; kz;kfSk; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa nra;atpilj; jha;kfshh; Nrtpg;Nghd; thopNa ,UtpRk;gpy; tPw;wpUf;F kpikath;Nfhd; thopNa ,lh;fbag; ghw;fliy va;jpdhd; thopNa mhpa jaujd; kfdhatjhpj;jhd; thopNa me;jhpahkpj;JtK khapdhd; thopNa ngUfp tUk; nghd;dp eLg; gpd;Japd;whd; thopNa nghpangUkh nsq;fs;gpuh dbfs; thopNa. nghpa gpuhl;bahh; gq;fag; G+tpw; gpwe;j ghit ey;yhs; thopNa gq;Fdpapy; cj;jpuehs; ghUjpj;jhs; thopNa kq;ifah;fs; jpyjnkd te;j nry;tp thopNa khyuq;fh; kzpkhh;ig kd;Dkts; thopNa vq;fnsopw; Nridkd;dh;f; fpjKiuj;jhs; thopNa ,Ugj;jQ;Rl;nghUs; khypak;Gkts; thopNa nrq;fkyr; nra;auq;fk; nropf;f te;jhs; thopNa rPuq;fehafpahh; jpUtbfs; thopNa.

(nghpa ngUkhSf;Fk; ek;ngUkhSf;Fk; xNu thopj;jpUehkk;. nghpa ngUkhspd; thopj;jpUehkj;ij mEre;jpf;Fk; NghJ nghpa gpuhl;bahhpd; thopj;jpUehkj;ijAk; Nrh;j;J mEre;jpf;Fk; tof;fk; cs;sJ. Mjyhy; ,q;F nghpa ngUkhspd; thopj; jpUehkk; nfhLf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ) kq;fs ];Nyhfk; yக்ஷ;kp ruz yhக்ஷhq;f ]hக்ஷhr;r;hPtj;] tக்ஷN] / Nr\kq;fuha ]h;Nt\hk; =uq;Nfஶha kq;fsk; //

b) jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; jpUkhkfs; ehr;rpahh; - gq;Fdp – cj;jpuk; vk;ngUkhd; thopj;jpUehkj;ijAk; gpuhl;bahh; thopj;jpUehkj;ijAk; Nrh;j;Nj mEre;jpf;Fk; tof;fk; cs;sJ. Mifahy; ,UtUila thopj;jpUehkq;fs; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. =cufnky;yizahd; - jpUNthzk; - Ig;grp (jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; vk;ngUkhd; jpt;ag;uge;jj;jpy; Kjypy; kq;fshrhrdk; nra;a ngw;w vk;ngUkhd; Mthh;) G+kfSk; kz;kfSk; Nghw;wte;Njhd; thopNa Gfo;fjk;g Kdpjtj;jpy; Nghe;j ts;sy; thopNa MnkdNtNfhl;befh; mkh;e;jgpuhd; thopNa ml;lhq;ftpkhdj;jpyha; tsh;Nthd; thopNa fhkdhuhjid nra; fz;zdhh; thopNa fjpNuW jpUNthzk; fhl;rp je;Njhd; thopNa

*VkDlyple;jpq;F te;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa vopYufnky;yizahd; ,izabfs; thopNa.

*Vkd; - `puz;ad;

jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; jpUkhkfs; ehr;rpahh; - gq;Fdp – cj;jpuk; nrq;fkyj;NjAjpj;j Nrapoiahs; thopNa njd;Nfhl;bkhy; khh;gpy; NrUkts; thopNa ntq;fypia tPwlf;Fk; nky;ypayhs; thopNa kPdutp cj;jpuj;jpy; Nktpdhs; thopNa nghq;FGfo; Nridah;Nfhd; Nghw;Wkts; thopNa GtpapYs;Nshh; tho ,UnghUSiuj;jhs; thopNa ,q;Fyfpy; kq;ifah;fl;Nfw;wKs;shs; thopNa vq;fs; jpUkhkfshh; ,izabfs; thopNa.

c) eQ;rPah; - gq;Fdp jdpad;

ghy;FNehj;jugy;Fe;ahk; [hjk; Ntjhe;jp ek; Kepk; / =guhஶugl;lhh;a ghjNufh kak;gN[ //

eNkh Ntjhe;j Ntj;aha [fe; kq;fsN`jNt / a];a thfk;Ujh]hu G+hpjk; Gt ej;uak; // .

,tUila ngUikfis vLj;J ciuf;Fk; cgNjruj;jpdkhiy ghRuq;fs; 39Mk; ghRuk; gps;shd; eQ;rPah; nghpathr;rhd;gps;is njs;shh; tlf;Fj;jpUtPjpg; - gps;is kzthsNahfp jpUtha;nkhopiaf;fhj;j Fzthsnud;W neQ;Nr $W. 42Mk; ghRuk; jQ;rPiu Qhdpah;fs; jhk;GfOk; Ntjhe;jp eQ;rPah;jhk; gl;lh; ey;yUshy; - vQ;rhj Mh;tKld; khwd; kiwg;nghUis aha;e;Jiuj;jJ Vnuhd;gjpdhapuk;. 47Mk; ghRuk; eQ;rPah; nra;j tpahf;fpiafs; ehypuz;Lf;F vQ;rhikahitf;F kpy;iyNa - je;rPuhy; itaFUtpd; jk;gp kd;DkzthsKdp nra;Akit jhKk; rpy. 50Mk; ghRuk; ek;ngUkhs; ek;kho;thh; eQ;rPah; ek;;gps;is iad;gh.; mtuth;jk; Nkw;wj;jhy; - md;GilNahh; rhw;W jpUehkq;fs; jhndd;W ed;ndQ;Nr Vj;jjidr; nrhy;yp eP apd;W. thopj;jpUehkk; njz;biu#o; jpUtuq;fk; nropf;f te;Njhd; thopNa rPkhjtndd;Dk; nry;tdhh; thopNa gz;ilkiwj; jkpo;g;nghUisg; gfute;Njhd; thopNa gq;Fdpap Yj;jpuehs; ghUjpj;jhd; thopNa Xz;nlhbahs; fytpjid nahopj;jpl;lhd; thopNa xd;gjpdhapug;nghUis NahJktd; thopNa vz;birAk; rPh;gl;l hpizabNahd; thopNa vopy; ngUFk; eQ;rPahpdpJhop thopNa.

13) `];jk;

a) gjhP ehuhazg;ngUkhs; - Mb jdpad; fh;f;fNl `];j eக்ஷj;Nu gjhP epyNahj;gtk; / m\;lhக்ஷu g;ujhjhuk; ehuhaz k`k;gN[ //

b) Njtg;ngUkhs; - rpj;jpiu jdpad; irj;u khN] ]pNj gNக்ஷ rJh;j;jஶ;ahk; jpnjs Kne / NஶhgNe `];jeக்ஷj;Nu utpthu ]ke;tpNj // tghN`hNk g;ut;Uj;Nj Jg;uhj]; ]tefhypNf / jhJUj;juNtj;ahk; Jg;uhJ uh]P[; [ehh;j;je: // kq;fs ];Nyhfk; (jpahf kz;lgk;)

m];J =];je f];JhhP th]eh th]p NjhuN] / =`];jpfphp ehjha Njtuh[h kq;fsk; //

c) jpUehuhazg;ngUkhs; - gq;Fdp jdpad; ]ej;Fkhu uக்ஷhh;j;jkhfjk; g;u`;kz: gjhj; / aJiஶy ];jpjk; kPNe `];Nj ehuhazk; gN[ // kq;fs ];Nyhfk; fkyhFr f];JhhP fh;j;jkhq;fpj tக்ஷN] / ahjthj;hp epth]ha ]k;gj;Gj;uha kq;fsk; //

d) $uj;jho;thd; - ij jdpad; kfNu `];j eக்ஷj;Nu ]h;g;gNej;uhk;ஶ ]k;gtk; / =kj; $uFyhjPஶk; =tj;]hq;f Kgh];kN` // =tj;]rp`;e kpஶ;;Nug;Nah ek cf;jpk; mjPk`p / aJf;ja]; j;uaPfz;Nl ahe;jp kq;fs ]{j;ujhk; // thopj;jpUehkk; rPuhUe; jpUg;gjpfs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa njd;duq;fh; rPuUisr; NrUktd; thopNa ghuhU nkjpuhrh; gjk; gzpe;Njhd; thopNa ghbaj;jpDl;nghUisg; gfUktd; thopNa ehuazd; rkak; ehl;bdhd; thopNa ehYuhd; jdf;F Kj;jp ey;fpdhd; thopNa VuhUe; ijapyj;jj;J ,q;F cjpj;jhd; thopNa vopy; $uj;jho;thd; jd; ,izabfs; thopNa. nghUs;tphpf;Fk; vjpuhrd; nghd;dbNahd; thopNa nghd;tl;by; jid vwpe;j GfOilNahd; thopNa kUs;tphpf;Fk; Kf;FWk;ig khw;wte;Njhd; thopNa kah;twNt nka;Q;Qhdk; tpsf;fpLNthd; thopNa ,Us;tphpf;Fk; rptkpul;L vOj;jpl;lhd; thopNa Vjkw vt;Taph;f;Fk; ,jkspj;;jhd; thopNa mUs;tphpf;Fk; muq;fh;jhs; mbapizNahd; thopNa mofhUk; $uj;jho;thd;jd; ,izabfs; thopNa. ehs; ghl;L kl;ltpOk; nghopy;#o; FUNfrh; kiwg;nghUs; tho;e;jpL ehs; kz;Zyfpy; rPghbak; tpsq;fpl te;J gpwe;jth; ehs; vl;L kpuz;Lk; ,ire;j RNyhf kpirj;jpl te;jth; ehs; ,y;iy vdr; rptnkd;W vjphpl;L vOj;jpl te;jth;; ehs; Jl;l Fjpl;bfs; khapfs; tho;it Jzpj;jpl te;jth; ehs; #hpah; G+kpaph; Mhpah; vd;W cjpj;jpl te;jth; ehs; ml;l jpirf;Fk; epiwe;j ngUk;Gfo; (me;jzh;tho;) $uj;jho;thd; te;jUspa ehs; ijapy; tpsq;fpLk; mj;jkJ ed;dhNs. NkNy cs;s thopj;jpUehkq;fs; kw;Wk; ehs; ghl;il mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J cjtpa $uk; = c.Nt.gh\;ak; ma;aq;fhh; ];thkpf;F ed;wp cwpj;jhFf.

e) jpUtuq;fj;jKjdhh; - gq;Fdp jdpad; ;

kPNe `];j ]Kj;G+jk; =uq;fhk;Uj khஶ;uNa / ftpk; g;ue;e fhaj;h;ah: $Nuஶgj ]k;ஶ;hpjk; // =uq;Nf kPe`];Nj r [hjk; uq;fhh;a ee;jek; / uq;fehj FUk; te;Nj uhkhE[ gjhஶ;hpjk; // thopj;jpUehkk; ve;jhij $Nur hpizabNahd; thopNa vopy;%q;fpw; Fbtpsq;f tpq;Fte;Njhd; thopNa ee;jhk nyjpuhrh; eyk;Gfo;Nthd; thopNa ek; kJuftp epiyia ez;zpdhd; thopNa ige;jhk tuq;fh;gjk; gw;wpdhd; thopNa gq;Fdpap yj;jehs; ghUjpj;Njhd; thopNa me;jhjp Ew;nwl;L kUspdhd; thopNa mzpauq;fj; jKjdhh; mbapizfs; thopNa.

f) =fplhk;gpahr;rhd; - rpj;jpiu jdpad;

uhkhD[ gjhk;Ngh[ AfsPa];a jPkj: / g;uhg;ak; rg;uhgfk; te;Nj g;uzjhh;j;jp`uk; FUk; //

M];jpfhf;Nu]uk; te;Nj ghpt;uhl; FU ghrfk; / ahrpjk; FUNfஶe g;uzjhh;j;jp `uk; FUk; //

g) <r;rk;ghb Mr;rhd; - ij thopj;jpUehkk; VuhUk; ijaj;jk; ,q;Fjpj;N;jhd; thopNa Re;jNurd; jpUkfdha;j; Jyq;Fktd; thopNa ghh;GfOk; ajpuh[d; gjk;gzpNthd; thopNa rPuhUk; Ntq;flj;jpy; jpfOktd; thopNa ghh;kfpOk; ghbaj;ijg; gfUktd; thopNa cj;jkkhk; Fykjdpy; cjpj;jgpuhd; thopNa njhz;lh;Fohk; fz;Lff;Fk; njhy;GfNohd; thopNa ey; <r;rk;ghb tho; ek;khr;rhd; thopNa.

i) mg;ghr;rpauz;zh - Mtzp jdpad; =kj; thek`hiஶy uhkhE[ Kepg;hpak; / thJ}y tujhrhh;ak; te;Nj thj;]y;a ]hfuk; // thopj;jpUehkk; rpq;fj;jpyj;jdhs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa rPuq;fe;jpUg;gjpapytjhpj;jhd; thopNa Jq;fkjps; fr;rpefh; mkh;e;j nry;td; thopNa J}a;ikAld; rPghbak; njhFj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa nghq;F Gfo; vjpuhrd; mUs; ngWNthd; thopNa GfOila fe;jhilf;Fytpsf;Nfhd; thopNa rq;Ftz;zk; khKdpjhs; mile;j nry;td; thopNa re;jjK kz;zhtpd; jhspizfs; thopNa. njhq;fy; tlnkhopfs; tho kd;dpa nre;jkpo; kiwfs; tho jplKlNd ehs;njhUQ; rPh;j;jpwk; tho - glh; Gfohy; kd;dpaey; thJ}y tz;zhypdhhpaNd ,d;dnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;. jpUehs; ghl;L re;jjKk; rlNfhgDiug;nghUs; Nrh;e;J nghype;jpL ehs; Nrnujpuhrh;jk; ghbaKk; jpfo; tpQ;rp tpsq;fpLehs; ke;jpu uj;jpdK KyfpYah;e;jplte;J gpwe;jth;ehs; khjpiu kPjpdpy; gjpd;kh;kiyj;jplkhfte;J gpwe;jth;ehs; me;jkjhfpa tj;jpfphpj;jye; NjR mkh;e;jpLehs; mofpafr;rpap yhhpah;tho;T kpFe;jplte;J gpwe;jth;ehs; me;jzh; Nghw;Wq; fe;jhilaz;zhtpd;gud; mtjhpj;jUspaehs; mofhUQ; rpq;fj;jpy; rPh; mj;jk; njDehNs.

14) rpj;jpiu

a) kJuftpaho;thh; - rpj;jpiu jdpad; NkN\ rpj;jh ]Kj;G+jk; ghz;l;aNjNஶfzhk;ஶfk; / =guhq;Fஶ ]j;gf;jk; kJuk; ftpkhஶ;uNa // mtpjpjtp\ahe;juஶ;ஶlhNu

Ugep\jhKgfhekhj;uNghf: / mgprFztஶhj;jNjfNஶ\P

kJuftph;̀ ;UjNa kkhtpu];J // `];j];jjhs j;tpjak; g;ugj;Na ;ஶlhhp thf; t;ah] Kjhu fPh;j;jpk; / khJh;a ]k;ஶ;yp\;l ftpj;t Af;jk;

k`j;j;t ]k;ghtpj Gj;jp jj;j;tk; // ehs; ghl;L cgNjrj;jpdkhiy - 25-26 ghRuq;fs; Vuhh; kJuftp ,t;Tyfpy; te;Jjpj;j rPuhUk; rpj;jpiuapy; rpj;jpiu ehs; - ghUyfpy; kw;Ws;s tho;thh;fs; te;jjpj;j ehs;fspYk; cw;wnjkf;nfd;W neQ;NrNahh;. tha;j;jjpUke;jpuj;jpd; kj;jpkkhk; gjk;Nghy; rPh;j;j kJuftp nra;fiyia - Mh;j;jGfo; Mhpah;fs; jhq;fUspr;nray; eLNt Nrh;tpj;jhh; jhw;ghpak; Njh;e;J. thopj;jpUehkk; rpj;jpiuapy; rpj;;jpiu ehs; rpwf;fte;Njhd; thopNa jpUf;NfhS utjhpj;j nry;tdhh; thopNa cj;jpu fhq;fhjPuj; Jah; jtj;Njhd; thopNa spfjpNuhd; njw;Fjpf;f Tfe;J te;Njhd; thopNa gf;jpnahLgjpndd;Wk; ghbdhd; thopNa guhq;FrNd gundd;W gw;wpdhd; thopNa kj;jpkkhk; gjg;nghUis tho;tpj;jhd; thopNa kJuftp jpUtbfs; thopthop thopNa.

b) mde;jho;thd; - rpj;jpiu jdpad; NkN\ rpj;jh ]Kj;G+jk; ajpehj gjhஶ;hpjk; / =Ntq;fNlஶ ]j;gf;j kee;jhh;a k`k; gN[// jpUNtq;flKilad; mee;jho;thidg;gw;wp mUspa jdpad;fs;

mfpyhj;k Fzhth]k; mQ;Qhejpkpuhg`k; / Mஶ;hpjhehk; ]{ ஶuzk; te;Njsee;jhh;a Njஶpfk; // =kj; uhkhE[hrhh;a =ghj mk;NghU`j;tak; / ]Jj;jkhq;f ]e;jhh;ak; mee;jhh;ak`k; gN[// kw;WKs;s jdpad;

ajPe;j;ughjhk;G[rQ;rhPfk; =kj;jahghyjiafghj;uk; / =Ntq;fNlஶhq;f;hpAfhe;juq;fk; ekhk; aee;jhh;akee;jf;Uj;t: // thopj;jpUehkk; kiyapy; Ntq;fltw;F khkdhh; thopNa kzpr;Rlh;Nfhd; mde;jndd te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa cyFf;Nfhh; jQ;rnkd cjpj;jUs;Nthd; thopNa cyFKz;lkhybia cfe;Ja;e;N;jhd; thopNa ,yFrpj;jpiu jd;dpy; rpj;jpiuNahd; thopNa ve;ijnajpuhrh; ,izabNahd; thopNa myh;Nky; kq;if jpUTf;F mg;gdhh; thopNa mde;jho;thd; jpUtbfs; mdtujk; thopNa. kq;fs ];Nyhfk;

=Ntq;flhj;hp fkpJ: ifq;fh;Na\{ e;aAq;f;j ak; / uhkhE[hh;a]; j];ik ];ahj; mde;jhh;aha kq;fsk; //

c) nghpahz;lhd; - rpj;jpiu jdpad;

khyh jhuFNuh: Gj;uk; n]se;jh;aG[Nj]pfk; / uhkhD[hh;a ]j;rp\;ak; te;Nj tu fUzhepjpk; //

d) elhJ}uk;khs; - rpj;jpiu (thj;];a tujhrhh;) jdpad;

te;Njs`k; tujhh;ae; jk; tj;]hgp[d G+\zk; / gh\;ahk;Uj g;ujheha ]Q;[Ptajp khkgp // thopj;jpUehkk; Rj;jFz tpl;Lrpj;jd; RlubNahd; thopNa RUjg; gpufhrpifiar; nrhy;ypitj;Njhd; thopNa jj;tg;uNkaj;jpd; jukwpe;Njhd; (rhukPe;Njhd;) thopNa jFJ}g;gpy;gps;isf;Fj; jfTiug;Nghd; thopNa Gj;jpkpFrhuhh;j;j rJ\;laj;Njhd; thopNa Gfo;ghbag;nghUisg; Gjh;f;fspg;Nghd; thopNa rpj;jpiuapy; rpj;jpiuehs; fr;rpte;Njhd; thopNa rPuhUk; mk;khs; jd;Nrtbfs; thopNa. jpq;fs; Nghd;w jpUKfk; thopNa jpUkz;fhg;Gj; jpfo; new;wp thopNa njhq;F Kg;GhpE}y; khh;G thopNa Njhd;wpyr;rpidj; Njhs; kpf thopNa jq;F Nfhrk; tpsq;Fif thopNa jhq;F rpd;Kj;jpiu tpuy; thopNa nghq;F tj;]Fy tujhhpad; nghd;kyh;g;gjk; thopa thopNa.

e) =kj; Mj;jhd; ];thkp – Mtzp jdpad; jpUel;rj;jpu jdpad;

]pk;N` rpj;NuhL ]k;G+jk; tj;]tk;rhg;jp nfs];Jgk; / uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; tujh`;ta khr;uNa // epj;aj;jdpad;

=uhkhE[ NahfPe;j;u gjgq;f[ \l;gjk; / uhkhE[hh;a jeak; tujhh;a k`k; gN[ //

rPh; thop Mj;jhd; fkytz; ruzk; thop KLk;ig thopatd; mUs; $h; ths; tpopfs; thopNa ,uhkhErk;gps;is ,d;dUshy; Mo;thh; jpuhtplEhy; Njh;e;Jiuf;Fk; rPh;. thop vopy; Mj;jhd;jd; kyh;g;gjq;fs; thopatd;

jpUehkk; tha;nkhopfs; thopNa – ve;ij ,uhkhDrk; gps;is ,d;dUshy; khwDiu re;jjKk; jhDiuf;Fk; rPh;. thopj;jpUehkk; jOT jpUkhh;gDld; jz;gJik NridKjy; rlNfhgd; ehjKdpjhs; njhopNthd; thopNa ! tOtpy; Gfo; Gz;lhPff; fz;zh; kzf;fhy;ek;gp tho; Mste;jhiu thoj;;Jktd; thopNa moFila nghpaek;gp vjpuhrh; mtub Nrh; midj;jhhpah; jq;fs; mUSilNahd; thopNa vOYila ,uhkhErk; gps;isf;fpdpa ike;jd; vq;fs; tujhhpadhh; ,dpJhop thopaNt. gq;faj; jpUj;jhspiz thopNa ghd;kjp jpUthilAk; thopNa mq;fkhh; jpUTe;jpAk; thopNa MuEhy; kzpkhh;Gk; thopNa rq;F rf;fuj;Njhspid thopNa jhkiur; nre;jpUKfKk; thopNa kq;fyj; jpUehkk; thopNa tho;KLk;ig tujhhpad; thopNa. ,d;gKWk;FUif efh; ,ak;g te;Njhd; thopNa vq;fspuhkhD[k; gps;isf; fpdpa ike;jd; thopNa jk;gukhaPL gh\;ak; je;jUs;Nthd; thopNa jz;zuq;fdUshsh;jhs; njhONthd; thopNa md;guhKyfhhpadUSilNahd; thopNa Mtzpapy; rpj;jpiuehs; mtjhpj;Njhd; thopNa vd;gudh nkjpuh[d; ,izabNahd; thopNa vopy; KLk;ig ahj;jhd; jd; ,izkyh;fs; thopNa.

tho;tspf;ff; FUif efh; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa tukq;if khKdpf;F tho; tspj;jhd; thopNa Mo;thh;jk; Nfh\;bfis milT nra;jhd; thopNa Mj;jhd; vDk; ehkk; milT ngw;whd; thopNa jho;tjpyhr; rpj;jpiuapy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa jFk; mofg;ghhpaidj; jhdspj;Njhd; thopNa Vo;ghUk; ca;a <l;Lg;gjk; ciuj;Njhd; thopNa vopy; KLk;ig tujhhpad; ,idabfs; thopNa.

15) ];thjp a)mofpa rpq;fh; - Rf;y gக்ஷ rJh;j;jrp – Mdp

jdpad; t;U\Ng ];thjp eக்ஷj;Nu rJh;j;jஶ ;ahk; ஶ{NgjpNe /

]e;j;ahfhNy epஶhAf;Nj ];jk;Nghj;G+jk; e;UNf]hpk; //

b) nghpaho;thh; - Mdp jdpad; kpJNe ];thjp[k; tp\;Nzh ujhk;ஶk; je;tpe: GNu / g;ugj;Na ஶ;tஶ{uk;tp\;Nzhh; tp\;Zrpj;jk; Guஶ;;ஶpfk; // ehs; ghl;L cgNjruj;jpdkhiy - 16Mk; ghRuk; Kjy; 20Mk; ghRuk; Kba ,d;iwg; ngUik mwpe;jpiyNah Vio neQ;Nr ,d;iwf;nfd;Ndw;wnkdp; Yiuf;Nfd;. - ed;wpGid gy;yhz;Lghba ek; gl;lh;gpuhd; te;Jjpj;j ey;yhdpapw; Nrhjp ehs;. khepyj;jpy; Kd; ek;nghpaho;thh; te;Jjpj;j Mdpjd;dpy; Nrhjp vd;why; Mjhpf;Fk; - Qhdpah;f; nfhg;Nghhpy;iy apt;TyFjdpy; vd;W neQ;Nr vg;NghJk; rpe;jpj;jpU. kq;fshrhrej;jpy; kw;Ws;s Mo;thh;fs;. jq;fs; Mh;tj;jsTjhd; md;wp. - nghq;Fk; ghpthNy tpy;ypGj;Jhh;g; gl;lh;gpud; ngw;whd; nghpaho;thh; vd;Dk; ngah;. Nfhjpythk; Mo;thh;fs; $W fiyf;nfy;yhk; Mjp jpUg;gy;yhz;L MdJTk; - Ntjj;Jf;F xk; vd;Dk; mJ Nghy; cs;sJf;nfy;yhk; RUf;fha;. jhd; kq;fyk; Mjyhy;.

cz;Nlh jpUgy;yhz;Lf; nfhg;gNjhh; fiyjhd; ? cz;Nlh nghpaho;thh;f; nfhg;nghUth;. jz; jkpo; Ehy; nra;jUSk; Mo;thh;fs; jk;kpy; mth; nra;fiyapy; igjy; neQ;Nr ePAzh;e;J ghh;. thopj;jpUehkk; ey;y jpUgy;yhz;L ehd;%d;Nwhd; thopNa ehDhw;wW gj;njhd;Wk; ekf;Fiuj;jhd; thopNa nrhy;yhpa thdpjdpy; Nrhjpte;jhd; thopNa njhil #bf;nfhLj;jts; jd;njhOe;jkg;gd; thopNa nry;tek;gp jd;idg;Nghy; rpwg;Gw;whd; thopNa nrd;W fpopaWj;J khy; nja;tnkd;whd; thopNa tpy;ypGj;Jhh; efuj;ij tpsf;fpdhd; thopNa Ntjpah;Nfhd; gl;lh;gpuhd; Nkjpdpapy; thopNa.

c) nghpa jpUkiy ek;gp - itfhrp jdpad; =ky; yக்ஷ;;kz NahfPe;j;u =uhkhaz Njஶpfk; / =iஶyG+h;zk; t;U\g ];thjp ]Q;[hj khஶ;uNa // gpjhk`];ahgp gpjhk`ha g;uhNrj]hNj ஶgyg;ujha / =gh\;afhNuhj;jkNjஶpfha =iஶyG+h;zha eNkh ek:];jhj; // thopj;jpUehkk; itfhrpr; Nrhjpehs; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa tz;jpUNtq;flKilahd; tuGj;jpud; thopNa ma;ad; =Mste;jhh; mbnjhONthd; thopNa mdtujk; kiyFdpah;f;;F mbiknra;Nthd; thopNa nka;adpukhD[rhhpad; tpUk;Gktd; thopNa kpf;f jpUkiyahh;f;nfy;yhk; Nkyhthd; thopNa nra;a jkpo; Ntjj;jpd; rpwg;gwpe;N;jhd; thopNa jpUkiyek;gpfs; cga jpUtbfs; thopNa.

d) =mofg;guhd; (Re;juNjrpfd;) - Gul;lhrp thopj;jpUehkk; Gul;lhrpr; Nrhjpjdpy; Gtpte;Njhd; thopNa nghopykUk; Ntq;flth; GNuhfpjdhh; thopNa Mste;jhh; jhspidaha; mkh;e;jUs; Nthd; thopNa Ntq;flkhk; tpz;zfiu tpUk;Gktd; thopNa nrz;gfj;jpy; nghw;$gk; nra;Jfe;jhd; thopNa ajpuhrh;f;Fj; jhgePak; <e;jUs;Nthd; thopNa khjtid kiwajdhy; tho;j;Jktd; thopNa jpUtofg;gpuhdhh; jk; jpUj;jhs;fs; thopNa.

e) tlf;Fj;jpUtPjpg;gps;is - Mdp jdpad;

kpJNe ];thjp]k;G+jk; fypithpgjh=jk; / cjf;g;uNjhsP epyak; f;U\;z ghjk`k; gN[ // ,tiu Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; ghRuk; - cgNjruj;jpdkhiy – 39, 44, 48, 52Mk; ghRuq;fs; gps;shd; eQ;rPah; nghpathr;rhd; gps;is njs;shh; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg; - gps;is kzthsNahfp jpUtha;nkhopiaf; fhj;j Fzthsh; vd;W neQ;Nr! $W. njs;spajh ek;gps;is nrG;G newp jd;id. ts;sy; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg; - gps;is. ,e;j ehlwpa khwd; kiwg;nghUis ed;Fiuj;jJ. <L Kg;gj;jhwhapuk;. rPuhh; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg;gps;is. vO Njuhh; jkpo; Ntjj;jPLjidj; - jhUnkd thq;fp Kd; ek;gps;is aPAz;zp khjth;f;Fj; jhk; nfhLj;jhh;. gpd;d jidj;jhd;. gpd;id tlf;Fj;jpUtpjPg;gps;is. md;ghy; md;d jpUehkj;ij ahjhpj;J. - kd;DGfo; ike;jh;f;Fr; rhw;Wifahy; te;J gue;jJ. vq;Fk; ,e;jj; jpUehk kpq;F.

thopj;jpUehkk; Mdpjdpy; Nrhjp eh stjhpj;jhd; thopNa Mo;thh;fs; fiyg; nghUis Ma;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa jhd; cfe;j ek;gps;is jhs; njhONthd; thopNa rlNfhgd; jkpo;f;F <L rhw;wpdhd; thopNa ehdpyj;jpy; ghbaj;ij elj;jpdhd; thopNa ey;y cyfhupaid ekf;F mspj;jhd; thopNa <dkw ntikahSk; kpiwtdhh; thopNa vq;fs; tltPjpg; gps;is apizabfs; thopNa.

f) thjpNfrhp mofpakzthsr;rPah; - Mdp jdpad;

]{e;ju[hkhj;UKNe: g;ugj;Na ruzhk;G[k; / ]k;]huhh;zt ]k;kf;e [e;J ]e;jhuNghjfk; // ,tUila ngUikia vLj;J ciuf;Fk; cgNjruj;jpdkhiy - 39Mk; ghRuk; kw;Wk; 45Mk; ghRuk;

gps;shd; eQ;rPah; nghpathr;rhd;gps;is njs;shh; tlf;Fj;jpUtPjpg; - gps;is kzthsNahfp jpUtha;nkhopiaf;fhj;j Fzthsnud;W neQ;Nr $W.

md;NghL mofpa kzthsr;rPah;. gpd;NghUk; fw;wwpe;J NgRiff;fh. - jk; nghpa NghjKld; khwd; kiwapd; nghUs; ciuj;jJ. Vjkpy; gd;dPuhapuk;. g) ஶ{j;j]j;j;tk; njhl;lahrhh;ah; ];thkp jpUkhspiff;

$lj];juhd nghpa ஶ{j;j]j;j;tk; mz;zd; - khrp

thopj;jpUehkk; khrpnaopy; Nrhjp jd;dpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa kzthskhKepia tho;j;Jktd; thopNa Ngrhpa GfOila ngUe;jtj;Njhd; thopNa Ngijik jPh;j;njidahSk; NgUilNahd; thopNa fhrpdpNahh;f; fpjkpUSq; nfsrpfh;Nfhd; thopNa fe;jhil az;zdb fUJktd; thopNa thrpAil tue;jUthh; jpUkfdhh; thopNa tz;zkzp Nkfepfh; mz;nzd;Wk; thopNa.

h) Kjypahz;lhd; jpUtk;ஶj;jtUk; Nrhs]pk;kGuk; njhl;lhrhh;;

jpUkhspiff;F %y GU\U\Ukhd njhl;ilaq;fhug;ig - ij thopj;jpUehkk; jhuzpapy; Ntjhe;jk; jiof;f te;Njhd; thopNa ijapy; tsh;r;Nrhjpjd;dpy; jyj;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa rPuzpAk; nrOkiwfs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa rpde;JtUk; thjpaiur; rpijj;Jfe;jhd; thopNa ghuzpAk; gy;Yaph;f;Fg; gjkspj;jhd; thopNa gyfhYk; tuKdpapd; gjk;Jjpg;Nghd; thopNa VuzpAk; fe;jhilf; Fyj;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa vopy; njhl;ilaq;fhug;ig ,izabfs; thopNa.

16) tprhfk;

a) ek;kho;thh; - itfhrp jdpad; t;U\NgJ tpஶhfhahk; FUfhGhp fhhp[k; / ghz;laNjNஶ fNyuhnjs ஶlhhpk; i]e;agk; gN[ // ek;kho;thh; tp\akhf Mste;jhh; mUspr; nra;j jdpad; khjh gpjh Atja]; jeaeh tpG+jp: ]h;tk; aNjt epaNke kje;tahehk; Mj;a];a e: FygNjh; tFshgpuhkk; =kj; jjq;f;hpAfsk; g;uzkhkp %h;j;jh ! ehs; ghl;L

cgNjruj;jpdkhiy - 14,15 ghRuq;fs; Vuhh; itfhrp tprhfj;jpd; Vw;wj;ijg;

ghNuhh; mwpag; gfh;fpd;Nwd;. – rPuhUk; Ntje; jkpo; nra;j nka;ad; vopy; FUif ehjd; mtjhpj;j ehs;. cz;Nlh itfhrp tprhfj;Jf;nfhg;nghUehs;? cz;Nlh rlNfhgh;f;nfhg;nghUth;? - cz;Nlh jpUtha;nkhopf;nfhg;G. njd;FUiff;Fz;Nlh xUghh; jdp nyhf;F%h;. thopj;jpUehkk; jpUf;FUifg;ngUkhs;jd; jpUj;jhs;fs; thopNa jpUthd jpUKfj;Jr;nrt;tp vd;Wk; thopNa ,Uf;Fnkhop nad;ndQ;rpy; Njf;fpdhhd; thopNa ve;ij najpuhrh;f; fpiwtdhh; thopNa fUf;Fopapy; Gfhtz;zk; fhj;jUs;Nthd; thopNa fhrpapdpyhhpadha;f;fhl;bdhd; thopNa tUj;jkw te;njd;id tho;tpj;jhd; thopNa kJuftp jk;gpuhd; thop thop thopNa.

Md jpUtpUj;jk; EhW kUspdhd; thopNa Mrphpa NkOghl;lspj;jgpuhd; thopNa <dkwte;jhjp naz;gNjoPe;jhd; thopNa ,yFjpUtha;nkhop ahapuj;njhUEhw;wpuz;Liuj;jhd; thopNa thdzpAk; khkhlf; FUifkd;dd; thopNa itfhrp tprhfj;jpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa Nrizah;Nfh dtjhuQ; nra;jts;sy; thopNa jpUf;FUifr; rlNfhgd; jpUtbfs; thopNa. Nkjpdpapy; itfhrp tprhfj;Njhd; thopNa Ntjj;ijr; nre;jkpohy; tphpj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa Mjp FUtha;g; Gtpapy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa mdtujQ; Nridah; Nfhd; mb njhONthd; thopNa ehjDf;F ehyhapuk; ciuj;jhd; thopNa ed;kJuftp tzq;Fk; ehtPwd; thopNa khjtd; nghw;ghJifaha; twh;e;jUs;Nthd; thopNa kfpo;khwd; rlNfhgd; itafj;jpy; thopNa. ek;kho;thiug;gw;wpa jdpg;ghly;fs; Njdwhkyh;j; njhilaYk; kTypAk; jpUf;fpsh; Fiof; fhJk; fhdwhkyh;j; jpUKfr; NrhjpAk; faputj; Jth; thAk; Nkhdkhfpa tbtKk; khh;gKk; Kj;jpiuj; jpUf;ifAk; QhdNjrpfd; ruz jhkiuAk; vd; eadk; tpl;lfyhNt. ghLtnjy;yhk; guhq;Frid neQ;rj;jhy; NjLtnjy;yhk; Gspf;fPo;j; Njrpfid Xbg;Ngha;f; fhz;gnjy;yhk; eq;ifapU fz;kzpia ahd; tpUk;gpg; G+z;gnjy;yhk; khwdbg; NghJ. kq;fs ];Nyhfk;

=efh;ahk; k`hGh;ahk; jhk;ugh;z;Aj;jNu jNl / =jpe;j;hpzP %yjhk;Ne ஶlNfhgha kq;fsk; //

b) FUiff;fhtyg;gd; - ij jdpad; k;UNf tpஶhf ]k;G+jk; ehjnksep gjh=jk; / [;Qhe Nahfhjp ]k;ge;jk; FUfhj;aக்ஷkhஶ;uNa // ehjnksep gjh]f;jk; [;QheNahfhjp ]k;gjk; / FUfhjpg NahfPe;j;uk; ekhkp ஶpu]h ]jh // thopj;jpUehkk; kfukjpy; tprhfk; ehs; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa khwd;jhs; ehjKdp kyubNahd; thopNa epfhpy;ed; QhdNahfk; ePz;L nra;Nthd; thopNa eph;zakh iae;JnghUs; epiyawpNthd; thopNa mfkWf;F kpuhkh;gjk; MirAs;Nshd; thopNa Mo;thh;fs; kiwajid Ma;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa nrfjyj;jpy; FU$hpy; nrdpj;j ts;sy; thopNa nra;aFUiff; fhtyg;gd; jpUtbfs; thopNa.

c) gps;is jpUkiy ek;gp - itfhrp jdpad;

t;UN\ tp]hf ]k;G+jk; uhkhD[ghjh=jk; / =iஶyG+h;z ]j;Gj;uk; =iஶyhh;a kfk; gN[ // =iஶyG+h;z ]j;Gj;uk; =yக்ஷ;kzgjh];ujk; / =iஶyhe;ta ]k;G+jk; =iஶyhh;ak`k; gN[//

d) guhq;Fr ek;gp - itfhrp jdpad;

Nfhtpe;j uh[he;taN[h keP\p guhq;FN]h ahKeitke];ak; / mghrfhu g;u]gk; j;UjPak; tpuh[Nj t;Uj;jkzp g;ujPg: //

thopj;jpUehkk;

kd;DGfo; itfhrp tprhfj;Njhd; thopNa kjpsuq;fh; rPUiuf;Fk; kdKilNahd; thopNa ,d;Gfo; khwDiu epide;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa ePs;Gtpapy; vjpgjp jhs; epoy; Fyj;Njhd; thopNa md;Gld; Mwhapug;nghUis Ma;e;;Jiuj;Njhd; thopNa Mste;jhh; FiwjPu mtdp te;Njhd; thopNa ed;Gfo;Nrh; ghl;aj;ij ekf;Fiuj;Njhd; thopNa eye;jpfOk; guhq;Frdhh; ehNlhWk; thopNa. e) MRhpg;ngUkhs; - Gz;lhPfhக்ஷh; - ngk;khd; ,uhkhEUila ,ul;ilahpy; ,uz;lhtJ gps;is - gPlhjpgjp - ahjthj;hp ,Ug;gplk; - Mdp - tprhfk; `hhPjtk;r[yNjN` ghpG+h;zre;j;uk; =ahjthj;hpepyak; r;hpjyக்ஷkzhh;ak; =Gz;lhPfeehgpjkhh;ath;ak; MRhpNjtkkyk; ruzk; g;ugj;Na kpJNe J tprhfhahk; uhkhE[ FNuh];]{jk; Gz;lhPfhக்ஷNjtk; jk; akNahuE[k; gN[.

f) jpUtha; nkhopg; gps;is - itfhrp jdpad; =iஶNyஶFUk; Nyhf Njஶpfhq;f;hp ]kh=jk; / t;UN\ tpஶhf ]k;G+jk; te;Nj tuFzhfuk; // ekஶ;=iஶy ehjha Fe;jPefu [e;kNe / g;u]hjyg;j gukg;uhg;a ifq;fh;a ஶhypNe // ehs; ghl;L ,tiu Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; ghRuq;fs; khKdpfs; mUspa cgNjruj;jpdkhiy Kjy; ghRuk; ve;ij jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is ,d;dUshy; te;j cgNjrkhh;f;fj;ijr; - rpe;ij nra;J gpd;dtUk; fh;f;f. cgNjrkha;g;Ngrpfpd;Nwd; kd;dpa rPh; ntz;ghtpy; itj;J.

khKdpfs; mUspa Mh;j;jpg;uge;jk; 12,21,22,46,57 kw;Wk; 58Mk; ghRuk; Njre;jpfOk; jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is khrpy; jpUkiyaho;thh; - vd;id Nerj;jhy; vg;gbNa vz;zp epd;ghy; Nrh;j;jhh; vjpuhrh! mg;gbNa eP nra;jUs;. jpUkiyaho;thh; jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is rPuUshy; jU kjpnfhz; lth; jk;ik Aj;jhufuhf ntz;zp apUkdNk. mth;f;fh najpuhr nuk;ikf; fLfg; gukgje;jd;dp Nyw;wth;. vd;d gak; ekf;Nf. jPjw;w Qhdj; jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is rPuUshy; Vjj;ij khw;W nkjpuhrh; jk;kgpkhd nkd;Dk; Nghjj;ij Nawpg; gtkhk; Gzhpjidf; fle;J Nfhjw;w khjtd; ghjf; fiuiaf; FWFtNd. jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is jPtpidNahe; jk;ikf;

FUthfp te;Ja;af; nfhz;L – nghUtpy; kjpjh dspj;jUSk; tho;td;Nwh neQ;Nr! vjpuhrh;f; fhshNdhk;ahk;. Njrpfh;fs; Nghw;Wk; jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is thrkyh;j; jhsile;j tj;J ntDk; - Nerj;jhy; vd; gpiofs; fhzh ntjpuhrNu! mbNad; Gd; gfh;itf; NfSk; nghWj;J. ve;ij jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is apd;dUshy; cd;jDWit Azh;j;jpagpd; - ,e;jTaph;f; nfy;yh TwTk; eP nad;Nw najpuhrh! epy;yhj Jz;Nlhntd; neQ;R. thopj;jpUehkk; itafnkz; rlNfhgd; kiw tsh;j;Njhd; thopNa itfhrp tprhfj;jpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa Iad; mUs;khhp fiy Ma;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa mofhUk; vjpuhrh; mb gzpNthd; thopNa Ja;a cyfhhpad; jd; Jizg; gjj;Njhd; thopNa njhy; FUfhGhp mjidj; Jyf;fpdhd; thopNa nja;t efh; Fe;jp jd;dpy; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa jpUtha;nkhopg; gps;is jpUtbfs; thopNa.

17) mD\k;

a) =ke; ehjKdpfs; - Mdp jdpad;

[;Na\;lhkhN] j;tEhuhNj [hjk; ehjKepk; gN[/ a: =ஶlhNu: ];Ujthe; g;uge;jkfpyk; FNuh: // eNkhsrpe;j;ahj; Gjhf;yp\;l [;Qhe ituhf;auhஶNa / ehjha KeNasfhj gftj; gf;jp ]pe;jNt // ehs; ghl;L – cgNjruj;jpdkhiy – 36Mk; ghRuk; njUSw;w Mo;thh;fs; rPh;ik mwpthuhh;. mUspr; nraiy mwpthuhh;. - mUs; ngw;w ehjKdp Kjyhk; (Kjyhd) ek; Njrpfiu my;yhy; Ngij kdNk cz;Nlh NgR. thopj;jpUehkk; Mdp jdpy; mDlj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa Mste;jhh;f;F cgNjrk; mUsp itj;jhd; thopNa ghD njw;fpy; fz;ltd; nrhy; gy ciuj;jhd; thopNa guhq;Frdhh; nrhy; gpuge;jk; ghpe;J fw;whd; thopNa fhdKwj; jhsj;jpy; fz;birj;jhd; thopNa fUizapdhy; cgNjrf; fjp mspj;jhd; thopNa ehdpyj;jpy; FUtiuia ehl;bdhd; thopNa eyk; jpfO ehjKdp ew;gjq;fs; thopNa.

b) nghpa gl;lh; (guhRu gl;lh;) - itfhrp jdpad; khjNt kh];aEhuhjh [hjk; gl;lhh;a Njஶpfk; / Nfhtpe;j FUghjhg;[g;Uq;fuh[ k`k;gN[ // =guhஶugl;lhh;a: =uq;NfஶGNuh`pj: / =tj;]hq;f]{j: =khe; ஶ;NuaN] Nks];J G+aN] //

ehs; ghl;L gl;liu Nghw;wpAiuf;Fk; cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 42Mk; ghRuk; jQ;rPiu Qhdpah;fs; jhk;GfOk; Ntjhe;jp eQ;rPah; jhk; gl;lh; ey;yUshy; - vQ;rhj Mh;tKld; khwd; kiwg; nghUis Mae;Jiuj;jJ Vh; xd;gjpdhapuk;. thopj;jpUehkk; njd;duq;fh; ike;jd; vdr; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa jpUneLe;jhz;lfg; nghUisr; nrg;Gktd; thopNa md;dtay; G+Juhd; mb gzpe;Njhd; thopNa metujk; vk;ghUf;F Ml;nra;Nthd; thopNa kd;D jpUf;$udhh; tsKiug;Nghd; thopNa itfhrp mDlj;jpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa gd;Dfiy ehy;Ntjg; gad; njhpe;Njhd; thopNa guhrudhk; rPh; gl;lh; ghh; cyfpy; thopNa.

c) =uhkgps;is - itfhrp jdpad; $Nuஶ ee;jek; te;Nj t;ah]hk;ஶk; uq;fth]pek; / mEhuhNj JitஶhNf [hjk; =uhkNjஶpfk; //

=Ntjt;ah] gl;lhh;ak; =uq;f ];jyth]pek; / =tj;]rp`;e]j;Gj;uk; te;Nj =uhkNjஶpfk; // thopj;jpUehkk; njz;biu#o; jpUtuq;fk; nropf;f te;Njhd; thopNa njd;duq;fh; ike;jd; vdr; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa gz;bjuhk; vjpuhrh; gjk; gzpe;Njhd; thopNa ghbaj;jpd; cl;nghUisg; gfh;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa kz;LGfo;f; $udhh; kfpo;e;j nry;td; thopNa itfhrp mDlj;jpy; ghUjpj;jhd; thopNa vz;birAk; rPnuk;ghh; gjk; gzpe;Njhd; thopNa vopy; rPuhkg;gps;is ,izabfs; thopNa.

18) Nfl;il

a) njhz;lubg;nghbaho;thh; - khh;fop jdpad; Nfhjz;Nl [;Na\;l eக்ஷj;Nu kz;lq;Fb GNuhj;gtk; / NrhNshh;t;ahk; tekhyhk;ஶk; gf;jgj;NuZkhஶ;uNa // jNkt kj;th guth]{ Njtk; uq;Nfஶak; uh[tjh;̀ zPak; / g;uhNghjfPk; Nahsf;Uj ]{f;jpkhyhk; gf;jhq;f;hpNuZk; gfte;jkPNl //

ehs; ghl;L - cgNjruj;jpdkhiy – 11Mk; ghRuk; kd;dparPh; khh;fopapy; Nfl;ilapd;W khepyj;jPh; vd;dpjDf; Nfw;wnkdp Yiuf;Nfd; - Jd;DGfo; khkiwNahd; njhz;lubg;nghbaho;thh; gpwg;ghy; ehd;kiwNahh; nfhz;lhLk;ehs;. thopj;jpUehkk; kz;lq; Fbajid tho;tpj;jhd; thopNa khh;fopapy; Nfl;iljdpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa njz;biu# ouq;fiuNa nja;tnkd;whd; thopNa jpUkhiy nahd;tjQ;RQ; nrg;gpdhd; thopNa gz;L jpUg;gs;spnaOr;rp gj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa ghitah;fs; fytpjidg; gopj;j nry;td; thopNa njhz;L nra;J Jsgj;jhy; Jyq;fpdhd; thopNa njhz;lubg; nghbaho;thh; Jidg;gjq;fs; thopNa.

b) nghpa ek;gp - khh;fop jdpad;

jEh;[;Na\;lh]Kj;G+jk; ahKehq;f;hp ]kh=jk; / kh`hG+h;zk; ajPe;j;uha ke;j;uuj;eg;ujk; gN[ //

fkyhgjp fy;ahzFzhk;Uj epN\tah / G+h;z fhkha ]jjk; G+h;zha kN`Nj ek: //

thopj;jpUehkk; mk;Gtpapy; gjpd;kh;fiy aha;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa Mste;jhh; jhspizia aile;Ja;e;;Njhd; thopNa ck;gh;njhO kuq;Nfrh;f; Ffg;GilNahd; thopNa Xq;F jDf;Nfl;il jdpYjpj;j gpuhd; thopNa tk;gtpo;jhh; tujUiu thop nra;jhd; thopNa khwNdhp ek;gpf;F tho;tspj;jhd; thopNa vk;ngUkhdhh; Kdpth;f; fpjKiuj;jhd; thopNa vopy; nghpa ek;gp ruzpdpJhop thopNa.

c) jpUtuq;fg; ngUkhs; miuah; - itfhrp jdpad; =uhkkpஶ;ugjgq;;f[ rQ;rhPfk;

=ahKehh;a tuGj;uk`k; Fzhl;ak; / =uq;fuh[fUzhghpzhk jj;jk

=gh\;afhu ruzk; tuuq;fkPNl // thopj;jpUehkk; ehjKdpFye;jpfo ed;Fjpj;Njhd; thopNa ew;wkpopd; kiwf;fpiria etpd;Wiug;Nghd; thopNa fhjyuq;NfrhpUfoy; gzpNthd; thopNa fhdtueatpirahy; fspg;gpg;Nghd; thopNa Vjkpy; tz;fr;rpapid Vj;jpirg;Nghd; thopNa vjpgjpiag; ghprhfNtw;W te;Njhd; thopNa jPjpy; aKidj;Jiwtd; NrtbNahd; thopNa jpUtuq;fg;ngUkhs; miuah; jpUtbfs; thopNa

d) nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; - Mtzp thopj;jpUehkk; Mtzpapy; Nfl;iljdpy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa mofhUk; nfhq;Fjdpy; mkh;e;j nry;td; thopNa NjtpnaDk; kw;wwpNad; vd;Wiuj;jhd; thopNa NjtpnaDk; kidahshy; njspAw;whd; thopNa ghtzpe;j khwDiu ghpe;Jfj;jhd; thopNa ghftjhuhjdj;jhy; gUfpdhd; thopNa Nfhapy; ek;ngUkhdhh;f;F kUfdhh; thopNa nfhq;fpyz;zd; jk;Kila Fiufoy;fs; thopNa.

,tUila jh;kgj;dpahd = nfhq;F gpuhl;bahhpd; epj;a jdpad; ahuq;f];jy thrpdk; ajpgjpk; khJ fuhh;j;jq;fjk; jj;uj;jpia mtpte;jpjk; ]tpeak; j;U\;l;th gpuzk; %h;j;jp jhk;. =uhkhD[ ghJfhh;r;rpjk; gjpk; gr;rhj; eurpk; khh;r;rpjhk; jhk; Njtpk; g[jhk; mgP\;lgyjhk;

f) $uehuhaz [Pah; - khh;fop jdpad;

=guh]ugl;lhh;a rp\;ak; =uq;fghyfk; / ehuhazKepk; te;Nj [;Qhehjp Fz]hfuk; // uq;Nfஶ tp[;Qg;jpf uhka];a rfhu rf;NuஶEjpk; ept;Uj;jNa / ]kh];uNaak; tuG+uzPk;a: jk; $uehuhaz ehkfk; Kepk; // thopj;jpUehkk; ; khh;ifopapy; Nfl;iljdpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa khyuq;fh; rPuUis kd;Dktd; thopNa ghUyfpy; Rjh;rdj;jpd; GfOiug;Nghd; thopNa gh\z;baidtiuAk; gwf;fbj;jhd; thopNa rPnujpuhrh; gjj;jpy; tPw;wpUg;Nghd; thopNa vg;NghJk; gjpd;kh;fiy ,dp Jiug;Nghd; thopNa Vuhh;e;j Mo;thd;jd; gjk; gzpNthd; thopNa vopy; $uehuaz Kdptd; thopNa.

g) ehY}h; Mr;rhd; gps;is - khh;fop jdpad;

jEh;[;Na\;lh ]Kj;G+jk; ajpuh[hq;f;hp ]k;=jk; / Ntjhe;j j;ta jj;t[;Qk; Njtuh[ FUk;gN[ //

,tiug;gw;wpa ghRuk; - cgNjr uj;jpdkhiy – 49tJ ghRuk; Mq;fth; ghy; ngw;w rpwpaho;thdg;gps;is jhk;nfhLj;jhh; jk;kfdhh; jk;ifapy; - ghq;FlNd ehYhh;gps;isf;fth;jhk; ey;y kfdhh;f;fth;jhk; NkNyhh;f;fPPe;jh utNukpf;F.

h) mz;zhtpyg;gd; - khrp (Ntq;flhrhh;ahh; ];thkp - mg;ghr;rpahuz;zhtpd; jpUf;Fkhuhh;) jdpad;

thJ}y tujhrhh;a f;UghG+h;z kNehujk; / =Ntq;fl FUk; te;Nj ஶPyhjp Fz]hfuk; // thopj;jpUehkk; jpUkhrpr;Nfl;ilehs; mtjhpj;Njhd; thopNa nre;jkpOk; tlfiyAk; jpfo;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa jpUf;fr;rpkhefuk; nropf;fte;Njhd; thopNa rPuhUk;nkl;nlOj;ijj; njhFj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa ghpTlNd az;zhtpd; gjk;gzpe;Njhd; thopNa ghUyfpybath;f;Fg; gjkspg;Nghd; thopNa jpUTila ntjpuhrh; nry;tk; Kw;Wk; thopNa Nrh;e;jGfo; mz;zhtpyg;gd; mbapizfs; thopNa.

19) %yk; kzths khKdpfs; a)=iஶNyr jdpad; mtjhpj;j ehs; - Mdp – jpU%yk;)

(09.07.1433 – g;ukhjPr tU\k; Mdpj; jpU%yk;) =NஶNyஶ jahghj;uk; jPgf;j;ahjp Fzhh;ztk; / ajPe;j;ug;utzk; te;Nj uk;a[hkhjuk; Kepk; // Mdpkhjj; jpU%yj;jd;W Nrtpf;f Ntz;ba ghRuq;fs; mg;gps;shh; mUspr; nra;J cs;s rk;gpujha re;jphpif MjpapNy mutuir mioj;J muq;fh; mtdpapNy ,UE}whz;L ,Uk;ePh; vd;d ghjpapNy cilatuha; te;J Njhd;wpg;

gukgjk; ehb mth; NghNtd; vd;d, ePjpaha; Kd;Nghy epw;f ehb

epYitjid epiwNtw;wp thUk; vd;d, rhjhuznkDk; khtUle; jd;dpy; jdpj;Jyh %yehs; jhd; te;jhNu. 1. ew;FNuhjdtUlk; kfu khjk;

eykhff; fd;dpifia kzk; Gzh;e;J, tpf;fpuk tw;ruj;jpy; tPl;bUe;J Ntjhe;j kiwg;nghUisr; rpe;ij nra;J Gf;ffj;jpy; ngz;gps;is NghNy nrd;W GtdpAs;s jyq;fnsy;yhk; tzq;fpte;J Jf;fk; mw itzth;fs; njhz;L nra;aj; Jhpaepiy ngw;W (c)yif c(a;)af;nfhz;lhNu. 2. nraehk khdjpU Mz;L jd;dpy; rPuq;f uhrUilaj; jpUehs; jd;dpy; nrakhfj; jpUtPjp thuh epw;fj; njd;dhl;L itztnud;W xUth; te;J jiaAila kzthsg; ngUkhs; iedhh; jk;Kd;Ng Xh; mUj;jk; ,ak;gr; nrhy;yp radk;nra;J vOe;jpUe;J rpe;jpj;J Mq;Nf re;jpj;Jf; Nfhapy;fhj;J mUspdhNu. 3.

tjhpahr; rpukj;jpy; ,Unka;j; njhz;lh;

tifahf ehuzid mb tzq;fp, fjpahf Xh;nghUis mspf;f Ntz;Lk; fz;zNd! mbNahq;fs; Njw vd;d rjpuhfr; rPh;iry ke;jpuj;jpd; rakhd ghjpia Mq;F mUspr;nra;J gjpahd NfhapYf;Fr; nrd;kpd; ePtPh; ghjpiaAk; nrhy;YJk; ahk; Njw vd;whh;. 4. nrd;wth;fs; ,UtUNk Nru te;J jpUtuq;fd; jpdrhpia Nfsh epw;g re;epjpKd; fUlho;thh; kz;lgj;jpy; jhk; <L rhj;Jfpd;w rkak; jd;dpy; nghd;dpjdpy; ePuhbg; Gfo;e;J te;J Gfouq;fh; re;epjpKd; tzq;fpepw;g re;epjpapy; epd;Wmuq;fh; jhNk me;jj; jdpad; ciu nra;J jiyf;fl;bdhNu. 5. ey;yNjhh; ghpjhgp tUlk; jd;dpy; eykhd Mtzpapd; Kg;gj;njhd;wpy; nrhy;yhpa NrhjpAld; tpsq;F nts;spj; njhy;fpoik tsh;gf;fk; ehyhk; ehspy; nry;tk;kpF nghpajpU kz;lgj;jpy; nrOe;jpUtha; nkhopnghUisr; nrg;Gk; vd;W ty;ypAiw kzthshh; muq;fh; eq;fs; kzths khKdpf;F toq;fpdhNu. 6. Mde;j tUlj;jpd; fPo;ik Mz;by; mofhd Mdpjdpd; %yehspy; ghDthuk; nfhz;l gfypy; nra;a ngsuizapd; ehspl;Lg; nghUe;jp itj;Nj Mde;j kakhd kz;lgj;jpy; mofhf kzthsh; <L rhj;jp thdtUk; ePh;,l;l tof;Nf vd;d kzths khKdpfs; fspj;jpl;lhNu. 7. Njtpah;fs; ,UtUld; rPuq;Nfrh; jpfo; jpUkhkzpkz;lgj;jpy; te;J jhtpjkha; ,e;j cyNfhh;fs; tho jkpo;kiwia tuKdptd; ciuf;ff; Nfl;Nl Mtzpkhrk; njhlq;fp elf;Fk; ehspy;

mj;jpaadj; jpUehs; muq;f ehjh;, jhtkw tPw;wpUe;J jUtha; vd;W jhk; Nehf;fpr; rPah;jkf;F mUspdhNu. 8.

mUspdNj Kjyhf muq;fUf;Fk; md;WKjy; mUe;jkpio mikj;Jf;nfhz;L njUSila tpahf;fpia Ie;JlNd $l;bj; jpfo; jpUkhkzpkz;lgj;jpy; te;J nghUSiuf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; ngUkhSf;Fg; Gd;rphpg;Gk; ghtidAk; kfpo;Tk; nfhs;s mUSila rlNfhgh; ciuj;j Ntjk; mJNfl;Lr; rhw;wpaJ ,j; jdpad;jhNd. 9. thkhh; ngUQ;rPh;nfhs; kz;lgj;J ek;ngUkhs; jhkhf te;J jdpj;J mioj;J - eP khwd; nre;jkpo; Ntjj;jpd; nrOk;nghUis ehNlhWk; te;Jiuaha; vd;Diuahy; tha;e;J. 10. Nrw;Wf; fkytay; #o; muq;fh;jk; rPh;jiog;gg; Nghw;wpj; njhOk; ey;y me;jzh; tho ,g;G+jyj;Nj khw;ww;w nrk;nghd; kzthskhKdp te;jpyNdy; Mw;wpy; fiuj;j Gspay;yNth jkpohuzNk. 11. guthjp Nfrhpahh; mUspa

=iry itgtk; $WNfd; cyfPNu Fq;Fkj;Njhs; muq;Nfrh; khwd;kiwg; nghUs;Nfl;f kzths khKdpia VWkiz jdpy; ,Uj;jp ,Uepyj;jpy; jhk; ,Ue;J tPWlNd nrtprhj;jp tpiuab G+rid Mw;wp 1. MW ,uz;L GwKk; #o; muq;fk;Kjy; E}w;nwl;Lk; $wpa rPh;rapyj;ijf; nfhz;lhb ciuf;f vdh Cwpa Njd;ngUf;nfd;d cd;dp mij cfe;Jiuj;jhd; NrWtsh; fkiyike;jd; rpe;ijkfpe;J xUg;gl;Nl. 2.

(1, 2 Fsfk;) gl;lh;gpuhd; Kjyha gjpd;kh;fiyg; gopr;rypYk;

rpl;lh;fshj; jpde;NjhWk; jpUkz;,L NtisapYk;, ,l;lKw c(z;)Zk; nghOjj;J xz;fuk; ePh; Vw;ifapYk; ml;ljpf;Fk; tpsq;F(fc)iuj;jhh; Mhpah;fs; midtUNk. 3. Mhpah;fs; nfhz;lhb Mrhpj;j jdpaidj; jhd; Nghh;,aYk; njhz;lh;Fohk; ngUk;Ngwhf; nfhz;lduhy; rPhpauha; thovz;zpy; nrfjyj;jPh; fw;Wzh;kpd; jhh;,aYk; muq;fUf;Fk; jkpo;kiwf;Fk; kzkhNk. 4.

kzths khKdpia tOj;J(c)wNthh; gad;ngWth; Fzkhff; nfhz;kpd; ,ijf; nfhLk;gpwtpg; gpzpmfy;tPh; gzths;muh ,tuhk; gifj;jhNuy; ca;jy; ,yh; kzKila ke;jpukh(f) kjpf;nfhs;sPh; jdpaidNa. 5. jdpandd;W Ngh;rhw;wpj; jz;zuq;fh; Kd;dh; ,dpa jpUg;gtsj;jhNy - Kdptudhh; khwd;kiw Kg;gj;jh whapuj;jpd; khz;nghUisf; $w cgNjrpj;jhh; nfhz;L. 6. Njrnkq;Fk; <J jpUg;gjpfs; NjhW ciuf;f

NerKw muq;fh; Nekpj;jhh;, VRkth; ghjfuha; vhptha;g; gho;eufpy; Ja;g;gh; ,d;dy; Ntjdhh; cs;s kl;Lk; va;j;J. 7. va;aj; Jzpa ,uhtzpiaf; nfhd;wtd;fhz;

nra;a newptpsq;Fk; Nrld; mtd;, - itak; jidtsh;f;;F khW tuNahfp jhdha;, tpidaWj;J tPLmUSk; Nte;J. 8.

Nte;juha; kz;zhz;L tpz;Nzwyhk; vspjha;, Njha;e;j cwthapUf;fpy; njhy;YyfPh;, - Xh;e;Jca;a

Vjpnfh((z;)L fhyd; ,ope;J mkh;Nkthd;, tpz;Nzhh; ehjDk; te;Nj tzq;Fk; ed;F. 9. tzq;fpdhh; rPh;ngw;whh; tud;Kiwahy; tPlzh;Nghy; ,zq;fpdhh; XnuhUth; ,Uepyj;jpy; rpwg;Gw;whh; gpzq;fpdhh; Nga;gpwtpg; Ngijahh;fs; jikf;fz;Nl czq;fpdhh; jhkjuha; cs;rpde;jhh; njd;wtNu. 10. njd;fiyahk; jkpo;Ntjr; rPh;iryj; jdpandDk; ed;fiyia cs;frpe;J etpw;W ngUe;jif khe;jh; kpd;fiyAk; GhpE}Yk; Nky;Nehf;F Gz;luKk; njd;fiyAk; tlfiyAk; jpfo;ehth; MFtNu. 11.

MFfvd; ,dp vdf;F Xh; MuhtKjha; , vd; Nrhfk; mw c(s;)sj;jlj;Jj; Jyq;F tutuNahfp, NrFmW nrk;kyh;j;jhSk; rPh;iriyj; jdpaDk; ,d;W Xifcwg; ngw;wndd; My; xypfly; jhuzpaPNu. 12. jhuzpNahh; thovz;zpj; jhNd jpUtde;jd; Ngh;mzpAk; FUifefh; gpwq;f edpg;NguUshy; rPh;mzpAk; kzths khKdpaha;r; nrdpj;jdd; My; jhh;mzpAk; muq;fUf;Fj; jkpo;kiwj;Njrpfd; vdNt. 13.

jkpo;kiwNahh; XJtNuy; jdpad;,J kw;wpy;iy jpkpuk; mw nka;Q;Qhdr; nrOk;Rlh;Nrh; kdKilaPh;!

mkpohky; rKrhuj;J Mo;fliyf; flj;jp, xU epkplj;jpy; epj;jpauha; epWj;Jk; Nghpd;gj;Nj. 14. gj;Jj; jpirfspYk; gzkzpfs; Rlh;vwpg;g Kj;jpjUk; muq;fUf;F %tizaha;r; #o;e;J ,yq;Fk;

vj;jpirAk; gzpe;J Vj;Jk; vk;nghpa KdpMFk;, mj;jd;vopy; tuNahfp Maputha; mutuNr. 15. muNtW Nktp mwpJapy; nfhs;Sk; muq;fh; ciu tuNahfp rPh;iryj;jpd; ngUew;Gfo; itgtj;ij tpufhy; ,irkiwNahh; jpyfd; jkpo;tPWila guthjp Nfrhp ghg; gjpide;J gzpj;jdNd. 16.

b) kzthskhKdpfs; - Ig;grp - %yk; - mtjhu jpdk; jdpad;

Jyhah kJNy %Ny ghz;l;Na Fe;jPGhPtNu / =Nஶ\hk;Nஶhj;gtk; te;Nj uk;a[khjuk; Kepk; // =NஶNyஶ jahghj;uk; jPgf;j;ahjp Fzhh;ztk; / ajPe;j;ug;utzk; te;Nj uk;a[hkhjuk; Kepk; // thopj;jpUehkk; ,g;Gtpap yuq;Nfrh;f; fPlspj;jhd; thopNa vopy; jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is apizabNahd; thopNa Ig;grpapy; jpU%yj; jtjhpj;jhd; thopNa muturg; ngUQ;Nrhjp aee;jndd;Wk; thopNa vg;GtpAk; =iry Nkj;jte;Njhd; thopNa VuhU nkjpuhr nudTjpj;jhd; thopNa Kg;GhpEhy; kzptlk; Kf;Nfhy; jhpj;jhd; thopNa %jhpa (%jwptd;) kzths khKdptd; thopNa.

ehs; ghl;L nre;jkpo; Ntjpah; rpe;ij njspe;J rpwe;J kfpo;e;jpLehs; rPUy fhhpah; nra;jUs; ew;fiy NjR nghype;jpLehs; ke;j kjpg;Gtp khdplh; jq;fis thdp Yah;j;jpLehs; khrW Qhdpah; Nrnujp uhrh;jk; tho;T Kisj;jpLehs; fe;j kyh;g;nghopy; #o;FU fhjpgd; fiyfs; tpsq;fpLehs; fhukh; Nkdp auq;f efh;f;fpiw fz;fs; fspj;jpLehs; me;jkpy; rPh; kzthsKdpg;gu dtjhuk; nra;jpLehs; moF jpfo;e;jpL ikg;grpapy; jpU%yknjDehNs. kq;fs ];Nyhfk;

=kNj uk;a [hkhj;U KePe;j; uha k`hj;kNe / =uq;fth]pNe G+ahj; epj;a=h; epj;akq;fsk; //

Jyh %yhtjP h;zha Njh\pjhfpy ]_uNa / n]sk;a[hkhj;U KeNa Nஶ\hk; ஶhah];J kq;fsk; // c) kzthskhKdpfs; jpUtj;aadk; (jPh;j;jk;) – khrp f;U\;z gக்ஷ j;thjrp

Fk;gk;gh];tjp ahjp jj;]{jjpNe gNக்ஷ tsh;Nக்ஷjNu

j;thjஶ;;a ;;;;hk; ஶ;;utzh; க்ஷgh[p UjpNuhj;fhh;ahf;a ]k;tj;];tNu / jPgf;j;ahjpFzhh;zNth ajptuhjPe; mfpyhj;k ];j;jpjp:

=itFz;lkFz;l itgtkfhj; fhe;Njhgae;jh Kep: // Mrpyhj kzthskhKdpaz;zy; G+kpAW Ig;grpapy; jpU%yk; NjrehsJ te;J mUs;nra;j ek; jpUtha;nkhopg; gps;is jhd; <rdhfp vOgj;J %thz;L vt;Taph;fisAk; ca;tpj;J tho;e;jdd; khrp khy;gf;fj; Jthjrp khkzpkz;lgj;J va;jpdd; thopNa.

NkNy nfhLj;Js;s rk;gpujha re;jphpif ghRuq;fs;, =iry itgtk; ghRuq;fs; kw;Wk; khKdpfs; jpUtj;aadj;jd;W Nrtpf;f Ntz;ba ghRuq;fs; jpUty;ypf;Nfzp (gyhg;G+h; gj;jq;fp) = c.Nt. tPuuhfthrhh;ah; (]{Nu\;) ];thkp njhFj;J ntspAl;Ls;s Mo;thh;-Mrhh;ah;fspd; jdpad;fSk; thopj;jpUehkq;fSk; vd;Dk; Gj;jfj;jpy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ.

20) G+uhlk;

a) Nrid Kjypahh; - Ig;grp jdpad;

JyhfNj jpefNu G+h;th\hl ]Kj;gtk; / gj;khgjhk;G[h]f;jk; N]ehjpgk`k; gN[ // =uq;f re;j;uk]kpe;jpuah tp`h;j;Jk; tpe;a];a tpஶ;trpjrpe; eaehjpfhuk; / Nah eph;t`j;aepஶ kq;Fsp Kj;uiat

N]ehe;ake;atpKfh];jkஶp=ahk // thopj;jpUehkk; Xq;F Jyhg; G+uhlj; Jjpj;jnry;td; thopNa Xz;nlhbahs; #j;jputjp Aiwkhh;gd; thopNa <q;Fyfpy; rlNfhgw; fpjKiuj;jhd; thopNa vopw;gpuk;gpd; nrq;Nfhiy Nae;Jktd; thopNa ghq;Fld; Kg;gj;J%th; gzpAktd; thopNa gq;faj;jhs; jpUtbiag; gw;wpdhd; thopNa Njq;FGfo; muq;fiuNa rpe;ijnra;Nthd; thopNa Nridah;Nfhd; nrq;fkyj; jpUtbfs; thopNa

b) jpUehuhazG+uj;J Ma; ([e;ahrhhah;) - Ig;grp ; jdpad;

Mrhh;a `;Uja];ahh;j;jh: ]fyhNjh;]{jh: / =]hEjh]kkyk; Njtuh[k; jkh];uNa //

thopj;jpUehkk; Xq;F Jyh G+uhlj; Jjpj;j nry;td; thopNa xz;kjpNahd; vjpuhrd; xz; ruNzhd; thopNa ghq;FlNd Qhdg;gpuhd; gzpAktd; thopNa gQ;rkj;jpd; nghUs; jd;idg; ghpe;Jiuj;Njhd; thopNa Njq;FGfo; Njtuhrh; jpUtUNshd; thopNa njd;kiwapd; kdg;nghUisj; njsptpj;jhd; thopNa jhq;F jpUf;if jphpjz;lk; jhpj;j ts;sy; thopNa jpUj;jho;tiu jhjh; jpUtbfs; thopNa. kq;fs ];Nyhfk; ([Pah; ehadhh; mUspaJ) =]-NjtP-ujhk;]ha ]pfhf; uhQ;[ypjhhpNz =]hEjh]KeNa epj;a=: epj;akq;fsk;

21) cj;jpuhlk;;

a) Mste;jhh; - Mb jdpad; ஶ{nrs kh];Aj;juh\hlh[hjk; ahKeNjஶpfk; / =uhkkpஶ;uruz ]Nuh[h=j khஶ ;uNa // aj;gjhk;NghU`j;ahe tpj;t];jhNஶ\fy;k\: / t];JjhKgahNjhs`k; ahKNeak; ehkpjk; // thopj;jpUehkk; kr;rzpAk; kjpsuq;fk; tho;tpj;jhd; thopNa kiwehd;F NkhUUtpy; kfpo;e;Jfw;whd; thopNa gr;irapl;l uhkh;gjk; gfUktd; thopNa ghbaj;Njh dPNlwg; ghh;itnra;Njhd; thopNa fr;rpefh; kha dpUfoy; gzpe;Njhd; thopNa flf Tj;jpuhlj;Jf; fhYjpj;jhd; thopNa mr;rkw kdkfpo;r;rp aize;jpl;lhd; thopNa Mste;jhh; jhspizf sdtujk; thopNa. b) Gz;lhPfhl;க்ஷh; (nghpa ek;gp jpUf;Fkhuh;) - Mb

jdpad; ஶ{nrs kh]; Aj;juh\hlh [hjk; G+h;z FNuh]; ]{jk; / ajpuh[hq;f;hp ]j;gf;jk; Gz;lhPfhக்ஷ khஶ ;uNa / / te;Nj =Gz;lhPfh\k; k`hG+h;z FNuh]; ]{jk; / ghuhj;th[FNyhj;G+jk; ajpehjgjh];hpjk; //

c) rz;lkhUjk; njhl;ilahrhh;ah; - khrp jdpad;

]h;t]pj;jp j;uNahj];ahk; yf;Nd Ntjg;ujh`;tNa / [hjk; Fk;Nghj;juh\hNl k`hFUk; gN[ // thopj;jpUehkk; khrp cj;jpuhlj;jpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa khrpy; Gfo; nghpag;gd; kfpo;e;j ike;jd; thopNa Njrnkq;Fk; guthjprak; gilj;jhd; thopNa jhprdj;ij cj;jhpj;Jj; njsptpj;jhd; thopNa Mrpnyjpuhrh; epfuhd FU thopNa Ie;J tpraq;fS kUspdhd; thopNa J}rpy; thJ}y Fyk; Jyq;f te;Njhd; thopNa J}akfh Njrpfdhh; Jizg; gjq;fs; thopNa. ehs; ghl;L mq;fkyj; jadhjp kjg; guthjpah; kq;fpLehs; Mo;fly; #O;jU G+kpA shhpah; Nghfk; kfpo;jpLehs; nghq;fpa G+j Ghpf;furhkth; nrQ;nrhy; rpwe;jpLehs; nghw;ghuhrhpa tpraj;Jld; Gfo;kiwtho;jpLehs; mq;fKghq;fKke;jkpo; NtjKNkh jpLehs; (jpAzh;e;jpLehs;) Itifahk; tpraq;fswpe;jth; rpe;ij njspe;jpLehs; nrq;fkythtpAs; rpq;fGue;jdpy; nry;tk; rpwe;jpLehs; rPh;njhl;ilahhpah; te;jUs; ehs; jpUcj;jpuhl ehNs. kq;fsk; [Pahj;thJ}y tk;N]e;J: fyhG+h;Nzhk`hFU: t;ahFh;td; epfkhe;jhh;jhd; ch;t;ahk; Mkhre;j;ujhufk; thJ}y =epth]hh;ajda: =k`hFU: th;j;jjhk;]hj;tpif: ]hh;j;jk; th;jad;ajpuhz;gjk; thJ}y =epth]hh;a ]{jha Fz]hypNd k`NjFuNt G+ahd; kq;fsk; ]hr;tjP ]kh: rz;l khUjNtjhe;j tp[ahjp ];t]{f;jpgp: Ntjhe;j ur\fhah];J k`hrhh;aha kq;fsk;

22) jpUNthzk;

a) jpUNtq;flKilahd; - Gul;lhrp jdpad; fe;ah ஶ;utz ]Q;[hjk; Nஶ\hry epth]pek; / ]h;Nt\hk; g;uj khrhh;ak; =epth]k`k; gN[ // ஶ ;utNz jpt;aeக்ஷj;Nu f;Ujhtjuzk; tpGk; / tp\;ZkhjpFUk;yக்ஷ;k;ah: ke;j;uuj;eg;ujk; gN[ // kq;fs ];Nyhfk;

=a: fhe;jha fy;ahz epjNa epjNash;j;jp ehk; / =Ntq;fl epth]ha =epth]ha kq;fsk; // b) jpUnts;siw Gz;lhPfhக்ஷg; ngUkhs; - gq;Fdp thopj;jpUehkk; ghuhSk; rpgpNte;jd; gq;fpy; te;jhd; thopNa gj;kjsgjj;ijg; ghtpj;Njhd; thopNa rPuhh; nts;siwg; gQ;r jPh;j;jKs;shd; thopNa vopy; gpUF khh;f;fz;Nlah; fpuq;fpdhd; thopNa Njhuhj gJkkyh;f; fspj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa RNtjuhfj;JUtha;j; Njhd;wpdhd; thopNa rPuhUk; gq;far; nry;tpf;fpdpahd; thopNa vopy; nre;jhkiuf;fz;zd; jpUtbfs; thopNa. jpUnts;siw gq;far; nry;tp ehr;rpahh; - gq;Fdp thopj;jpUehkk; G+q;fplq;fpy; jtk; nra;Ak; nghw;nfhbahs; thopNa nghU ePyptdj;jpy; te;j G+kfshh; thopNa Njq;F Rid #o;e;j jpUnts;siwahs; thopNa nry;tj;jpy; tsh;fpd;w jpUkfshh; thopNa ghq;Fld; %thapuj;J vOE}w;whs; thopNa gj;kjs (gh;tjj;jpd;) Nkykh;e;j gq;faj;jhs; thopNa Vq;Fk; ek;ik <Nlw;w ,dpjkh;e;jhs; thopNa vopy; gq;far;nry;tp ,izabfs; thopNa.

c) =cufnky;yizahd; - Ig;grp (jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; vk;ngUkhd; - jpt;ag;uge;jj;jpy; Kjypy; kq;fshrhrdk; ngw;w vk;ngUkhd;) thopj;jpUehkk; G+kfSk; kz;kfSk; Nghw;wte;Njhd; thopNa Gfo;fjk;g Kdpjtj;jpy; Nghe;j ts;sy; thopNa MnkdNtNfhl;befh; mkh;e;jgpuhd; thopNa ml;lhq;ftpkhdj;jpyha; tsh;Nthd; thopNa fhkdhuhjid nra; fz;zdhh; thopNa fjpNuW jpUNthzk; fhl;rp je;Njhd; thopNa

*VkDlyple;jpq;F te;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa vopYufnky;yidahd; ,izabfs; thopNa.

*Vkd; - `puz;ad; jpUkhkfs; ehr;rpahh; - jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; - gq;Fdp - cj;jpuk; nrq;fkyj;NjAjpj;j Nfapdioahs; thopNa njd;Nfhl;b khy; khh;gpy; NrUkts; thopNa ntq;fypia tPwlf;Fk; nky;ypayhs; thopNa kPdutp cj;jpuj;jpy; Nktpdhs; thopNa nghq;FGfo; Nridah;Nfhd; Nghw;Wkts; thopNa GtpapYs;Nshh; tho ,UnghUSiuj;jhs; thopNa ,q;Fyfpy; kq;ifah;fl;Nfw;w Ks;shs; thopNa vq;fs; jpUkhkfshh; ,izabfs; thopNa. vk;ngUkhd; thopj;jpUehkj;ijAk; gpuhl;bahh; thopj;jpUehkj;ijAk; Nrh;j;Nj mEre;jpf;fNtz;Lk;.

d) ngha;ifaho;thh; - Ig;grp jdpad; Jyhahk; ஶ ;utNz [hjk;; fhQ;r;ahk; fhQ;r ethhp[hj; / j;thgNu ghQ;r[e;ahk;ஶk; ]NuhNahfp ekhஶ;uNa // fhQ;r;ahk; ]u]p N`khg;N[ [hjk; fh]huNahfpek; / fyNa a: =a: gj;A+ utpk; jPg kfy;gaj; //

ehs;ghl;L – cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 6, 7 ghRuq;fs; Ig;grpapNyhz ktpl;lk;rjakpit Xg;gpyth ehs;f Syfj;jPh; - vg;GtpAk; NgRGfo;g; ngha;ifahh; G+jj;jhh; Ngaho;thh; NjRlNd Njhd;Wrpwg;ghy;. kw;Ws;stho;thh;fSf;F Kd;Nd te;Jjpj;J ew;wkpohy; Ehy; nra;J ehl;ilAa;j;j - ngw;wpikNah nud;W Kjyho;thh;fnsd;Dk; ngahpth;f;F epd;w Jyfj;Nj epfo;e;J. thopj;jpUehkk; nra;aJyh Nthzj;jpw; nrfj;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa jpUf;fr;rp khefuQ; nropf;fte;Njhd; thopNa itae; jfspEhWk; tFj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa terkyh;f; fUtjdpy; te;jike;jhd; thopNa nta;a fjpNuhd; jd;id tpsf;fpl;lhd; thopNa Ntq;flth; jpUkiyia tpUk;Gktd; thopNa ngha;ifKdp tbtoFk; nghw;gjKk; thopNa nghd; KbAe; jpUKfKk; G+jyj;jpy; thopNa

e) njw;fho;thd; (jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; ek;gp jpUf;Fkhuh;) - Mb jdpad; fh;fNl ஶ;utNz [hjk; uhkhD[ gjhr;hpjk; / fhஶ;aghe;ta ]k;G+jk; ehuhaz FUk; gN[ // =Nfh\;BG+h;z ]j;Gj;uk; ajpuh[ gjh];hpjk; / fh];aghe;ta]k;G+jk; ehuhazFUk;gN[// f) jpUf;fz;zkq;ifahz;lhd; - Mdp jdpad; ,tuJ jdpad; fpilf;ftpy;iy.

thopj;jpUehkk; md;GlNd ehjKdp mbgzpe;Njhd; thopNa Mdpjdpy; jpUNthzj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa ,d;gKld; fz;zkq;if te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa vOYlNd ehjehf Ml;rp nra;jhd; thopNa Jd;gnkd jd;Kaw;rp ePj;jnry;td; thopNa J}kzptz;zd; jhs; fjp vd;whd; thopNa md;ghy; cyfhhpadhh; Nghw;w epd;whd; thopNa mofhUk; jpUfz;zkq;ifahz;lhd; thopNa.

g) <r;rk;ghb [Pah; - Mdp jdpad; ,tUila jdpad; fpilf;ftpy;iy. thopj;jpUehkk; Mdpjdpy; Xzj;jpy; mtjhpj;Njhd; thopNa Ntq;flj;ijg; gjpahf tpUk;Gktd; thopNa G+thh;e;j foy;fisNa Nghw;Wktd; thopNa gjpd;kh;fiy cl;nghUis gfUktd; thopNa mdtujk; mhpAUtd; mbnjhONthd; thopNa vg;nghOJk; ajpgjpia Vj;Jktd; thopNa Kj;jpjUk; Ke;EhYk; Kf;NfhYk; thopNa vopy; <r;rk;ghb ciw [Pah;jhs; thopNa.

h) xd;whd jpUf;FWq;Fb =NguUshs uhkhE[ [Pah; ];thkp - rpj;jpiu epj;ajdpad; yக்ஷ;;;kp ehjhjp G+h;zhh;a ajPe;j;uhtjp ]k;];uak; / jjPa fUzh ghj;uk; uhkhD[ Kepk; gN[: // jpUeக்ஷj;jpu jdpad; irj;uhf;f;akh]p kJ]{jejhu[hjk; uhkhE[h`;t ajpth;a flhக்ஷghj;uk; / ];Uj;ae;jAf;k tp]jPfuzg;utPzk;

= G+h;zehkKepth;ak`k; g[hkp //

irj;Nu ];utz ]Q;[hjk; uhkhE[gjhஶ ;hpjk; / k`hf;Ughte;ehkhek; FUq;fKepkhஶ;uNa // thopj;jpUehkk; rPuhUk; nrq;fkyr; Nrtbfs; thop jpUtiuapw; rhj;jpa nre;Jtuhil thop VuhUk; jpUkhh;gpy; Ke;E}Yk; thop vjpuhruUspa rPh; Kf;NfhYk; thop jhuhUQ; rq;fhopj; jle;Njhs;fs; thop jlkyh;f;fz;zpid nahspUk; Kfr;Nrhjp thop Muhh;tj;joF rpq;fh; mb njhONthd; thop mUs; GhpAk; FWq;if Kdp mdtujk; thopNa. Muhkk; #o; FWq;if Mste;Njhd; thopNa mofhh; rpj;jpiu Nahzj;jtjhpj;jhd; thopNa ghuhUk; gjpd;kh; gjk; gzpe;Ja;e;Njhd; thopNa ghbaj;jpDl;nghUisg; gfh;e;jspg;Nghd; thopNa rPuhUq; FWq;ifek;gp jpUtUNshd; thopNa nry;t ehuzd; Nrit nra;Jfg;Nghd; thopNa VuhUk; vjpuhrh; ,izabNahd; thopNa ve;ij NguUshs khKdptd; (NguUshsKdp) ,izabfs; thopNa. ehs; ghl;L ePuhh; nrQ;rilahndhL gq;fad; epd;W gzpe;jpL ehs; epjKoy; ghkuh; ghftNjhj;jkh; ePh;ik nghUe;jpL ehs; ghuhh; nre;jkpo; khkiwgapy;Nthh; ghpjpnadj;jpfo; ehs; gukjFQ;ru gQ;rhddkha;g; ghhpy; tpsq;fpL ehs; rPuhh;FWq;Fb khefh;ek;gpAk; NjRnghype;jpL ehs; rpwe;j ngUk;G+J}h;Kdp td;Gfo; Nrh;e;Jtpsq;fpL ehs; NguUshs uhkhE[ [Pahpd; ngUiktpsq;fpL ehs; gpwq;fpaNkle; jpfo;jpUNthzg; Ngh;ngW jpUehNs. ,e;j jdpad;fisAk; thopj;jpUehkq;fs; kw;Wk; ehs; ghl;ilAk; mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J cjtpa jpUf;FWq;Fb th;j;jkhd 50tJ gl;lk; == NguuUshs uhkhE[ [Pah; ];thkpf;Fk; kw;Wk; jpUf;FWq;Fb = c.Nt.jpUehuhaz ma;aq;fhh; ];;thkpf;Fk; (jpUf;FWq;Fb [Pah; klj;ij Kd;G eph;tfpj;J te;jth;) ed;wp cwpj;jhFf.

i) gps;is Nyhfhrhh;ah; - Ig;grp jdpad; Jyhahk; ஶ ;utNz [hjk; Nyhfhh;a k`khஶ;uNa / =fpU\;zghj jeak; jj;gjhk;G[ ]k;=jk; // Nyhfhrhh;aha FuNt f;U\;z ghj];a ]{eNt / ]k;]huNghfp ]e;j\;l [Pt[PthjNt ek: // ehs;ghl;L - cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 53tJ ghRuk; Kjy; 59Mk; ghRuk; tiu md;d Gfo;KLk;ig az;zYyfhrphpad; ,d;dUshy;nra;jfiy ahitapYk; - cd;dpy; jpfo;trd G+lzj;jpd; rPh;ik nahd;Wf;fpy;iy Gfoy tpt;thh;ij nkapg;NghJ. Kd;dk;FuNthh; nkhope;j trdq;fs; jd;id kpff;nfhz;L fw;Nwhh; jk;Kaph;f;F - kpd;dzpahr; Nrur;rikj;jtNu rPh;trd G+lznkd;; Ngh; ,f;fiyf;fpl;lhh; gpd;. Mh;trdG+lzj;jp dho;nghUnsy;ykwpthh; MuJnrhd;Ndhp yEl;bg;ghh; - XnuhUt Uz;lhfp yj;jidfhZs;sNk vy;yhh;f;Fk; mz;lhj jd;NwhtJ. ca;aepidTilaP Uq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;Yfpd;Nwd; itaFUKd;dk; tha;nkhope;j - nra;afiy ahk; trdG+lzj;jpdho; nghUisf; fw;wjDf; fhk; epiyapy; epy;Ykwpe;J. Njrpfh;ghw;; Nfl;l nrOk;nghUisr; . rpe;ijjd;dpy; khrwNta+d;w keeQ;nra;J - Mrhpf;f ty;yhh;fs; jhk; trdG+lzj;jpd; thd;nghUisf; fy;yhj njd;Ndh fth;e;J. rr;rk;gpujhak; jhKilNahh; Nfl;lf;fhy; nkr;Rk;tpahf;fpia jhDz;lhfpy; - er;rp mjpfhpAk; ePh; trdG+lzj;Jf;fw;w kjpAilaPh;. kj;jpaj;juha;.

rPh;trd G+lzj;jd; nrk;nghUisr;. rpe;ijjd;dhy; NjhpYkhk; tha;nfhz;L nrg;gpYkhk; - Mhpah;fhs; vd;jdf;F ehS kpdpjhfepd;wijNah ce;jkf;nft;tpd;g Ksjhk;. thopj;jpUehkk; mj;jpfphp aUshs uDkjpNahd; thopNa Ig;grpapy; jpUNthzj; jtjhpj;jhd; thopNa Kj;jpnewp kiwj;jkpohy; nkhope;jUs;Nthd; thopNa %jhpa kzthsd; Kd;Gjpj;jhd; thopNa epj;jpak; ek;gps;is gjk; neQ;rpy; itg;Nghd; thopNa ePs;trd G+lzj;jhy; epakpj;jhd; thopNa cj;jkkhk; KLk;igef Ujpj;jts;sy; thopNa cyfhhpad; gjq;f�opnjhWk; thopNa.

jdpg;ghly; - khKdpfs; mUspaJ thop cyfhrphpad; thopatd; kd;DFyk; thop KLk;ig nad;D khefuk; - thop kdk;R+o;e;j Nghpd;g ky;FkpF ey;yhh; ,dk; R+o;e;jpUf;Fk; ,Ug;G.

j) Ntjhe;jhrhhpah; - Gul;lhrp jdpad; fe;ahஶ;utz ]k;G+jk; fz;lhk;ஶk; Ntq;fNlஶpJ: / =kj; Ntq;flehjhh;ak; te;Nj Ntjhe;j Njஶpfk; //

=khe; Ntq;flehjhh;a: ftpjhh;f;fpfNf]hP / Ntjhe;jhrhh;ath;Nah Nk ]e;epjj;jhk; ]jh `;Ujp: //

k) gps;isNyhfk; [Pah; - rpj;jpiu jdpad; =rlhhp FNuhh;jpt;a =ghjhg;[ kJt;ujk; =kj; ajPe;ju g;utzk; =Nyhfhh;a Kepk; gN[.

thopj;jpUehkk; rPuhUk;fr;rpefh; rpwf;fte;Njhd; thopNa rpj;jpiuapNyhzj;jp Yjpj;j nry;tdhh; thopNa VuhUk; Foy;klthhpd; gWj;Njhd; thopNa ajPe;jpug;gputzg; gpughtk; vLj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa ePuhUtuq;fj;jpy; epiuNtw;wpdhd; thopNa ePNuNyhfhhpa ndd;W epakdk; ngw;Nwhd; thopNa jhuhUkh wdb jpdk;njhONthd; thopNa jhuzpapy; Nyhfkzp jhs;fnsd;Wk; thopNa. kq;fs ];Nyhfk;

=kj;ajPe;j;ug;utz g;ught g;ujpjhj;kNe =fhh;f;atk;r;a Nyhfhh;a KeNa epj;akq;fsk;

l) Qhd jpU\;b mofg;gq;fhh; ];thkp (xd;whd Mj;jhd; ];thkp jpUf;Fkhuh;) - rpj;jpiu jdpad; tujhh;a FNuh: Gj;uk; jj;gjhg;i[f jhufk; [;Qhegf;jpahjp [yjpk; te;Nj ]{e;juNjrpfk; ghJNf ajpuh[];a fjae;jp ajhf;aah j];a jh]uNj: ghnjs ]pu]h jhuahk;a`k; irj;Nuஶ ;utz eக்ஷj;Nu =kj; tj;] FNyhj;gtk;

tujhh;a FNuh ஶp\;ak; ]{e;juhh;ak; ]khஶ;uNa

= theiry Kepuh[ gjhg;[ ]q;fhj; uhkhE[hh;a jea]; ]{juhk;gghN]. rPh; thkp mofg;gdUs; tha;j;j jpUtbfs; thop tujhrhhpad; tho;ike;jd; - thopNa rlNfhgd; jz;lkpioj; jhuzp Nahh;f;nfy;yhk; jplkhfNt ciuf;Fk; rPh;. thopaofg;ghhpad;jd; khkyh;j;jhs; thopatd; kpF Qhdf; fz;zpizfs; thopNa - je;ijnaopy; Mj;jhd; jd;dpd;dUshy; kiwg;nghUisr; re;jKk; jhDiuf;Fk; rPh;.

thopj;jpUehkk; rPPuhUk; nrq;fkyj;jpUj;jhspiz thopNa jpUKoe;jhSk; Fwq;Fk; jpUtiuAk; thopNa ghuhUe; jpUTe;jpg; gl;lhil thopNa gq;faj;jhh; ciwkhh;Gk; gizg;GaKk; thopNa fhuhUk; jpUf;FoYk; fOj;joFk; thopNa fUiznghop tpopAk; fhjpuz;Lk; thopNa VuhUe; jpUehrp ,yq;F Kb thopNa vq;fs; mofg;igaq;fhh; ,dp Jhop thopNa. njhq;fy; khybahh; thokjps; FU$h; jhd; tho

rPykpF ek;kho;thh; rPh;tho – rhyNt ve;epyKk; Nghw;Wk; vopy; mofg;ghhpaNd ,d;DnkhU Ehw;whz;bUk;.

m) jpUkiy tpQ;rp%h; jhjhrhhpah; - rpj;jpiu jdpad; =iryG+h;znjs`pj;uk; Ntq;flhh;a FNuh];]{jk; jj;jahg;uhg;j gh\;ahh;j;jk; jhjhrhh;ak; m`k;gN[ =iryG+h;z FUzhg;uhg;j[; Qhdhjp]k;gjk; jhjhrhh;ak;gN[epj;ak; nfsrpfhe;ta G+\zk; thopj;jpUehkk; rPh;kypAQ; rpj;jpiuapy; rputzj;Njhd; thopNa jpUNtq;flhhpad;jd; nry;tike;jd; thopNa jhh;kypAk; mtd; ruzk; jhdile;Njhd; thopNa jkpo;kiwrPh; ghbaE}y; jkh;f;Fiug;Nghd; thopNa Ngh;kypAk; vjpuhrd; ngUikngw;Nwhd; thopNa nghpajpUkiy ek;gp Ngudhh; thopNa Vh;kypAk; mUshs ajpFyj;Njhd; thopNa vopy; jhjhrhhpad;jhs; ,dpJ}op thopNa.

n) jpUf;NfhtY}h; Mo;thd; - vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; - Mtzp =thke[ae;j;ahk; J [hjk; NfhgGNur;tuk; te;Nj tuFzhth]k; ajpuh[ gjhr;hpjk;

o)muzg;Guj;jho;thd; - gPlhjpgjp - fh;ehlfk; ,Ug;gplk; - gq;Fdp kPNd r;utz eக்ஷj;Nu [hjk; ajptuhr;hpjk;

muzg;Guehjhh;ak; te;Nj =gh\;a ie\;bfk;

23) mtpl;lk;

a) G+jj;jho;thh; - Ig;grp jdpad;

Jyhjep\;lh ]k;G+jk; G+jk; fy;Nyhykhype: / jPPNu Gy;Nyhj;gNy ky;yhGh;ah kPNl fjhk;ஶ[k; // ky;yhGu tuhjஶk; khjtP F]{Nkhj;gtk; / G+jk; ekhkp Nah tp\;Nzhh; [;Qhe jPg kfy;gaj; //

ehs;ghl;L – cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 6, 7 ghRuq;fs; Ig;grpapNyhz ktpl;lk;rjakpit Xg;gpyth ehs;f Syfj;jPh; - vg;GtpAk; NgRGfo;g; ngha;ifahh; G+jj;jhh; Ngaho;thh; NjRlNd Njhd;Wrpwg;ghy;. kw;Ws;stho;thh;fSf;F Kd;Nd te;Jjpj;J ew;wkpohy; Ehy; nra;J ehl;ilAa;j;j - ngw;wpikNah nud;W Kjyho;thh;fnsd;Dk; ngahpth;f;F epd;w Jyfj;Nj epfo;e;J. thopj;jpUehkk; md;Ng jfspEhW kUspdhd; thopNa Ig;grpap ytpl;lj;jp ytjhpj;jhd; thopNa ed;Gfo;Nrh; FUf;fj;jp ehz;kyNuhd; thopNa ey;yjpUf; fld;ky;iy ehjdhh; thopNa ,d;GUF rpe;ijjphp apl;lgpuhd; thopNa Vopy;Qhdr; Rlh;tpsf;if Naw;wpdhd; thopNa nghd;GiuAe; jpUtuq;fh; GfOiug;Nghd; thopNa G+jj;jhh; jhspizapg; G+jyj;jpy; thopNa.

b) mofpa kzthsg; ngUkhs; ehadhh; - khh;fop jdpad;

jEh; jep\;lh ]k;G+jk; =Nyhfhh;a gjh=jk; / te;Nj tuFzhth]k; tu[hkhj;UNjஶpfk; //

j;uhtplhk;eha `;Ujak; FUgh;t f;ukhfjk; / uk;a[hkhj;UNjNte jh;ஶpjk; f;U\;z]{Eeh //

ehs; ghl;L ,tiu Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; ghRuk; - cgNjruj;jpdkhiy - 47 ghRuk; eQ;rPah; nra;j tpahf;fpiafs; ehypuz;Lf;F vQ;rhikahitf;F kpy;iyNa - jk;rPuhy; itaFUtpd; jk;gp kd;DkzthsKdp nra;Akit jhKk; rpy. ,q;Nf itaFUtpd; jk;gp vd;wJ gps;is Nyhfhrhhpahpd; jpUj;jk;gpahh; mofpakzthsg; ngUkhs; ehadhiuf; Fwpf;Fk;. (kd;D kzthsKdp vd;wJ thjpNfrhp mofpa kzthsr; rPaiu Fwpf;Fk;). thopj;jpUehkk; kd;dparPh; kjpsuq;fk; kfpote;Njhd; thopNa khh;fopapy; mtpl;lj;jpy; te;jts;sy; thopNa kpd;DGfo; Mhpakdk; nkhope;jUs;Nthd; thopNa Nkd;idkpF jpUg;ghit tphpj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa njd;Diuapy; cyfhhpad; jpUtbNahd; thopNa =f;Uz;ghjFU nry;tike;jd; thopNa md;dGfo; KLk;ig ek;gpf; fd;GilNahd; thopNa mofpakzthsd;jd; mbapizfs; thopNa. Mhpakdk; - Mrhh;a`;Ujak;

c) eLtpy; jpU tPjpgps;is gl;lh; - Ig;grp jdpad;

Jyh jep\;lh ]k;G+jk; =Nyhfhh;a gjh=jk; / gl;lehj FNuh: Gj;uk; tPjp gl;lhh;a khஶ ;uNa //

d) ,isaty;yp ahr;rhd; jpUtk;]j;jtUk; kzths khKdpfs; rp\;aUkhd tue;jUk; ngUkhs; mg;ig - Mtzp vj;jpirAk; ghbaj;ij vLj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa vq;fspistpy;yp nad;Nwj;Jktd; thopNa Kj;jpjUkhwd; nkhopKad;Wiug;Nghd; thopNa %Jfhtzpatpl;lk; Kd;Gjpj;jhd; thopNa gf;jpAld; tuNahfp gjk;gzpNthd; thopNa gjpd;kh;fiyAl;nghUisg; gfUktd; thopNa mj;jpfhp thOkz;z mUSilNahd; thopNa md;GlNd tue;jUth ubapizfs; thopNa.

24) rjak;

a) Ngaho;thh; - Ig;grp jdpad; Jyh ஶjgp\f; [hjk; kA+uGhp ifuthj; / k`he;jk; k`jhf; ahjk; te;Nj =ee;jfhk;ஶ[k; // j;U\;l;th J\;lht Nah tp\;Zk; ukah kapyhjpgk; / $Ng uf;Njhj;gNy [hjk; k`jh`;takhஶ;uNa // ehs; ghl;L

ehs;ghl;L – cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 6, 7 ghRuq;fs; Ig;grpapNyhz ktpl;lk;rjakpit Xg;gpyth ehs;f Syfj;jPh; - vg;GtpAk; NgRGfo;g; ngha;ifahh; G+jj;jhh; Ngaho;thh; NjRlNd Njhd;Wrpwg;ghy;. kw;Ws;stho;thh;fSf;F Kd;Nd te;Jjpj;J ew;wkpohy; Ehy; nra;J ehl;ilAa;j;j - ngw;wpikNah nud;W Kjyho;thh;fnsd;Dk; ngahpth;f;F epd;w Jyfj;Nj epfo;e;J. thopj;jpUehkk; jpUfz;NlndD E}WQ; nrg;gpdhd; thopNa rpwe;j itg;grpapw; rjak; nrdpj;j ts;sy; thopNa kUf;fkOk; kapiyefh; thote;Njhd; thopNa kyh;f;fhpa nea;jy;jdpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa neUf;fplNt apilfopapy; epd;wnry;td; thopNa Nekprq;fd; tbtoif neQ;rpy;itg;Nghd; thopNa ngUf;fKld; jpUkopirg; gpuhd; njhONthd; thopNa Ngaho;thh; jhspiz apg;ngUepyj;jpy; thopNa.

b) gpd;gofpa ngUkhs; [Pah; - Ig;grp jdpad; Jyh ஶjgp\f; [hjk; =Nyhfhh;a gjh=jk; / [;Qhehjp G+\zk; te;Nj gஶ;rhj; ]{e;ju Njஶpfk; // ehs;ghl;L – cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 66Mk; ghRuk; gpd;gofuhk;ngUkhs; rPah;. ngUe;jptj;jpy; md;gJTkw;W kpf;fthirapdhy; - ek;gps;isf; fhdtbikfs;nra; ae;epiyia ed;ndQ;Nr Cdkw ntg;nghOJNkhh;.

,th; jk; Mrhh;auhd ek;gps;isaplk;, kw;w rp\;ah;fisf; fhl;bYk;, nfhz;L

,Ue;j g;Nukk; xg;Gah;tw;wJ. ,tiug;Nghy; ek;khy; ,Uf;f Kbahtpl;lhYk;, ,tUila ep\;iliar; rpe;jid nra;jhy; mJNt ehk; c[;[Ptpf;fg; NghJ khdJ vd;W ,g;ghRuj;jpy; fhl;bdhh; khKdpfs;.

25) G+ul;lhjp

a) nrhl;il ek;gp - ij jdpad; kfNu irfghj;Na r ahKehrhh;a ee;jek; uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; G+h;z Njஶpf khஶ;uNa

b) ehY}uhd; - ij jdpad; kfNu irfghj;Na r rJh;f;uhk epth]pek; $uehj FNuh: ஶp\;ak; N]Nt ஶ{g Fzhh;ztk;

c) Nfhapy; fe;jhilaz;zd; - Gul;lhrp jdpad;

=uk;;atunksePe;j;u =ghjhg;[kJt;ujk; / t;U\Ng ikj;uNg [hjk; tujhh;ak`k; gN[// ]fy Ntjhe;j]huhh;j;j G+h;zhஶak;

tpGythJhyNfhj;Nuhj;gthehk; tuk; / Urpu[hkhj;UNahfPe;j;u ghjhஶ;uak;

tujehuhazk; kj;FUk; ]k;ஶ ;uNa // thopj;jpUehkk; NjdkUkyh; Kshpj; jpUj;jhs;fs; thopNa jpUr;Nriy apilthop jpUehgp thopNa jhdkU kyh;f;fz;fs; jdpAjuk; khh;gk; jq;Fnjhq;F KgtPjk; jle;Njhs;fs; thopNa khdgud; kzths khKdp rPh;NgRk; kyh;g;gtstha;thop kzpKWty; thopNa MddKe;jpUehkkzp EjYk; thopNa mUs; tbtd; fe;;jhilaz;zndd;Wk; thopNa.

Nguhjek;gpwg;igg; Ngh;f;fty;Nyhd; thopNa nghpa ngUkhsUshw; ngUik ngw;Nwhd; thopNa vuhUed; kjpapNdw;wKs;Nshd; thopNa vjpuhrd; jhprdj;ij naLj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa ghuhued;Gfiog; gilf;f ty;Nyhd; thopNa gfh;trdG+lzj;jpd; gbAilNahd; thopNa MuhkQ;R+o;Nfhap ytjhpj;Njhd; thopNa mtdpnjhOq;fe;jhil az;zndd;Wk; thopNa. Gz;zpa ew;Gul;lhrpg; G+ul;lhjp kz;zpYjpj;j kiwNahNd - vz;zpjpahk; fd;dpkjps; #o; Nfhapy; fe;jhil mz;zNd ,d;dnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;.

26) cj;jpul;lhjp

a)tpshQ;Nrhiyg; gps;is - Ig;grp - jdpad;

Jyhs`ph;Gj;e;a]k;G+jk; =Nyhfhh;a gjh=jk; / ];g;jfhjh g;utf;jhuk; ehuhazk`k; gN[ //

=Nyhfhh;a gjhutpe;j kfpyk; ஶ;Uj;ah;j;j Nfhஶhk;];jjh

Nfh\;BQ;rhgp jNjfyPeke]h ]Q;rpe;j;ae;jk; Kjh / =ehuhaz jh]khh;akkyk; N]Nt ]jhk; Nஶtjpk;

=thf;G+\z $lghttpt;Ujpk; a];]g;jfhjhk; t;ajhj; // b) Vl;�h; rpq;fuhrhh;ah; - Mb

jdpad; n]k;a[hkhj;UNahfPe;j;u ghjgq;NfU`hஶ ;uak;

=iஶyeu]pk;̀ hh;ak; te;Nj ]j;Fz]hfuk;

c) fe;jhil ehad; - khh;fop jdpad;

=kj;thJ}y tuj ehuhaz FNuh];]{jk; / ]h;t[;Qk; ]h;t]{ygk; =epth]FUk;gN[ // thopj;jpUehkk; nrd;wile;Njhh; gpwg;gWf;Fk; rPh; gjq;fs; thopNa rpwe;j cilaoFk; nkopw;rPh;khh;Gk; thopNa Fd;wida jpuNlhSk; GhpE}Yk; thopNa FykiwapDl; nghUisf; Fwpj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa md;wyh;e;j kyh; fkyj; jzpKWty; thopNa mioj;J tho;tpj;jhh;jk; mUSilNahd; thopNa ed;wp Gidfe;jhil ehandd;Wk; thopNa eyKil fUid tpop ehNlhWk; thopNa. kz;zpd;Nkd; khh;fopapy; cj;jpuhl;lhjp jdpy; ed;dptsh; fe;jhil ehaNd - vz;zhpa kpd;D jkpo;Ntj Kah; Ntjhe;jpK Kiuj;Nj ,d;DnkhU Ew;whz;bUk;.

27) Nutjp

a) ek;ngUkhs; - rpj;jpiu jdpad;

irj;Nu Nutjp ]Q;[hjk; n]sk;a [hkhjuk; g;uGk; / te;Nj thj;]y;a epyak; fy;ahzFz]hfuk; // yக்ஷ;kP fy;gyNjhj;Jq;f ];je];jgfrQ;ry: / =uq;fuh[ g;Uq;Nfh Nk ukjhk; khe]hk;GN[ // ehs; ghl;L – cgNjruj;jpudkhiy 38Mk; ghRuk; vk;ngUkhdhh; jhprdnkd;Nwapjw;F ek;ngUkhs; Nghpl;L ehl;bitj;jhh; - mk;GtpNahh; ,e;jjj;jhprdj;ij nak;ngUkhdhh; tsh;j;j me;jr;nraywpiff;fh. 50Mk; ghRuk; ek;ngUkhs; ek;kho;thh;. eQ;rPah; ek;;gps;is nad;gh;. mtuth;jk; Nkw;wj;jhy; - md;GilNahh; rhw;W jpUehkq;fs; jhndd;W ed;ndQ;Nr Vj;jjidr; nrhy;yp eP apd;W. thopj;jpUehkk; jpUkfSk; kz;kfSk; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa nra;atpilj; jha;kfshh; Nrtpg;Nghd; thopNa ,UtpRk;gpy; tPw;wpUf;F kpikath; Nfhd; thopNa ,lh;fbag; ghw;fliy va;jpdhd; thopNa mhpa jaujd; kfdhatjhpj;jhd; thopNa me;jhpahkpj;JtK khapdhd; thopNa ngUfp tUk; nghd;dp eLg; gpd;Japd;whd; thopNa nghpangUkh nsq;fs;gpuh dbfs; thopNa. (nghpa ngUkhSf;Fk; ek;ngUkhSf;Fk; xNu thopj;jpUehkk;. cj;jpuk; nghpa gpuhl;bahhpd; jpUeக்ஷj;ukhdhYk; nghpangUkhs; thopj;jpUehkj;JJld; Nrh;j;J

mEre;jpg;gNj tof;fkhjyhy; ,t;tplj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ).

nghpa gpuhl;bahh; gq;fag; G+tpw; gpwe;j ghit ey;yhs; thopNa gq;Fdpapy; cj;jpuehs; ghUjpj;jhs; thopNa kq;ifah;fs; jpyjnkd te;j nry;tp thopNa khyuq;fh; kzpkhh;ig kd;Dkts; thopNa vq;fnsopw; Nridkd;dh;f; fpjKiuj;jhs; thopNa ,Ugj;jQ;Rl;nghUs; khypak;Gkts; thopNa nrq;fkyr; nra;auq;fk; nropf;f te;jhs; thopNa rPuq;fehafpahh; jpUtbfs; thopNa.

kq;fs ];Nyhfk; yக்ஷ;kp ruz yhக்ஷhq;f ]hக்ஷhr;r;hPtj;] tக்ஷN] / Nக்ஷkq;fuha ]h;Nt\hk; =uq;Nfஶha kq;fsk; //

b) Qhdg;gpuhd; jdpad; Nk\irj;Nu f;U\;zgNக்ஷ fhykhj;u – rJh;jஶP / ngs\;z – eக்ஷj;u – Af;jh r g;uhj]; ]e;j;ah - ]ke;tpjh // tuh`];a [ae;jP ]h ஶ;Ntjthuh` fy;gfh / `Puz;ahக்ஷ – tjhh;j;jha juz;Aj;juzha r //

c) vWk;gpag;gh - Ig;grp jdpad;

Jyh Nutjp ]k;G+jk; tuNahfpgjhr;hpjk; / ]h;t Ntjhe;j ]k;G+h;zk; mg;ghrhh;a k`k; gN[ // ; thopj;jpUehkk; re;jjKk; tutuKdp jhs; njhONthd; thopNa jhuzapy; vWk;gp efh; jiof;f te;Njhd; thopNa me;jKld; jpdrh;ia mUspdhd; thopNa Ig;grpapy; Nutjp ehs; mtjhpj;Njhd; thopNa ke;jkjpah;f;nfy;yhk; tho;tspj;jhd; thopNa tutuKdp rjfk; tha;e;;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa nre;jkpOk; tlfiyAk; NjRilNahd; thopNa Njtuh[d; mbapizfs; nrfj;jyj;jpy; thopNa.

fPNo nfhLj;Js;s Mrhh;ah;fSf;F epj;a jdpad; jhd; cs;sJ. tU\ jpUel;rj;jpu jdpad; fpilf;ftpy;iy. 1) kOT+h; ek;gp - gPlhjpgjp - G+h;trpif - fh;ehlfk; ,Ug;gplk; =kj; guRG+h;ehjk; jahghygjhr;hpjk; NrhNse;j;u ]pk;̀ hrhh;a];a tk;r;ak; ]j;FUkhr;uNa 2) KLk;ig ek;gp - gPlhjpgjp - fPspuz;LUthpTs;sgb vd;W g;u]pj;jp =kj; uhkhE[hrhh;a =ghjhg;[ kJt;ujk; =tj;]G+h;zkefk; te;Nj tuj]k;[;Qfk; 3) mk;kq;fp mk;khs;- uhkhE[hpd; me;juq;fh; - gPlhjpgjp - fh;ehlfk; ,Ug;gplk; aj;tj;nus gh\;afhuhhj;jk; =uq;fePj ghtek; jj;g;uhg;jke;j;uuj;ehlak; khJNyaPFUk; gN[ 4) gUj;jpf; nfhs;isak;khs; - jk;gjpfs; - fh;ehlfh thrpfs; =uhkhE[ghjhg;[ N]thk;UjepN\tpnzs fhh;ghh]huhk fkyhtunjs jk;gjPgN[ NkNy nfhLj;Js;s jdpad;fis mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J cjtpa Dr.M.tujuh[d; ];thkpf;F ed;wp cwpj;jhFf.

thopj;jpUehkq;fis mEre;jpg;gjd; gad; kz;Zyfj; Js;Nshh;fs; kfpo;e;J tho kzths khKdpf sUs;jd; dhNy gz;zUspr; nray;tpsf;fk; thop ehkk; gj;jpAl dpt;Tyfpw; gapy;thh; Nfl;ghh; tpz;Zyfj; Njhh;fspDq; fPh;j;jp Aw;W tpsq;fpapl nka;Q;Qhd tho;T ngw;Nw fz;zdb ahh;fSld; fye;J ehSk; fhrpdpapy; rjpuhf tho;th; jhNk.

Ntjj;jp Dz;nghUisj; jkpohy; ehSk; tpsq;fpaplg; gd;dpUth; te;JNjhd;Wk; khjj;ij atuth;f Sjpj;j ehis tho;gjpiaf; fiyj;njhifia kdj;jpy; itj;Jg; Nghjj;ijj; jUe;jkpohy; thop ehkk; G+jyj;jpy; NgRfpd;Nw dpjidf; fw;ghh; ghjj;ij nad;KbNk yzpaha;g; G+z;L gd;dhSq; if$g;gpg; gzpNtd; ahNd. Mo;thh;fs; gd;dpUthpd; thopj;jpUehkk; NghjkpFk; ngha;ifahh; G+jj;jhh; thopNa Gfo;Ngahh; kopirah;Nfhd; Gj;J}ud; thopNa ehjKdp njhOq;FUif ehtPwd; thopNa ew;ghzd; nfhy;ypefh; ehjdhh; thopNa Mjhpf;Fe; njhz;lubg; nghbjhs;fs; thopNa mUl;fypad; kJuftp ahz;lhSk; thopNa Vjkw;w ehyhap ug;gDty; thopNa ,tUjpj;j ehs;khj nkopw;gjpAk; thopNa.

,ay;rhj;J (kzthskhKdpfshy; epakpf;fg; ngw;wJ) (gps;isAwq;fhtpy;yp jh]h; mUspr; nra;jJ) ed;We;jpUTilNahk; ehdpyj;jpy; vt;Taph;f;Fk; xd;Wk; Fiwapy;iy XjpNdhk; - Fd;wk; vLj;jhdb Nrh; uhkhDrd;jhs; gpbj;jhh; gpbj;jhiug;gw;wp. (tFshguz gl;lh; mUspr; nra;jJ) thopjpUf;FU$h; thopjpUkopir

thopjpUky;yptsehL – thop Ropnghwpj;j ePh;g;nghd;dpj; njd;duq;fd;jd;id topgwpj;jthsd;typ. (=guhq;Fr jh]h; mUspr; nra;jJ) jpUehLthop jpUg;nghUey;thop

jpUehl;Lj;njd;FU$h;thop – jpUehl;Lr; rpl;lj;jkh;thop thop rlNfhgd; ,l;lj;jkpo;g;ghtpir. (gufhy jh]h; mUspr; nra;jJ) kq;ifefh;thop tz;FiwaY}h;thop

nrq;ifaUz;khhprPh;thop – nghq;FGdy; kz;zpj;Jiwthop. thopgufhyd; vz;zpy; jkpo;g;ghtpir. (gps;is ,uhkhDrjh]h; mUspr; nra;jJ) thopaNuhnjd;FUif thopaNuhnjd;GJit thopaNuhnjd;Fiway;khefuk;. thopaNuh jf;Nfhh;guTk; jlQ;#o;ngUk;G+J}h; Kf;Nfhy;gpbj;jKdp.

(jpUtuq;fj;jKjdhh;; mUspr; nra;jJ) nkhopiaf;flf;Fk; ngUk; Gfhohd; . tQ;rKf;FWk;ghk; Fopiaf;flf;Fk; ek;$uj;jho;thd; ruz;$bagpd; gopiaf;flj;J kpuhkhErd; Gfo;ghbay;yh topiaf;flj;jy; vdf;fpdpahJk; tUj;jkd;Nw. (gps;is mofpakzths jh]h; mUspr; nra;jJ) neQ;rj;jpUe;J epue;jukhf epuaj;Ja;f;Fk; tQ;rf;FWk;gpd;tifaWj;Njd;. khathjpah;jhk; mQ;rg;gpwe;jtd;rPkhjtdbf;F md;Gnra;Ak; jQ;rj;njhUtd;ruzhk;Gak;vd;jiyf;fzpe;Nj. (gpd;gofuhk; ngUkhs;rPah; mUspr; nra;jJ) CopnjhWk;CopnjhWk;cyfKa;a ck;gh;fSk;Nfl;La;a. md;gpdhNy thopnaDk;G+jk;Nga;ngha;ifkhwd; kopirah;Nfhd;gl;lh;gpuhd;kq;ifNte;jd; Nfhopah;Nfhd;njhz;lh;Jfs;ghzd;Nfhij FyKdptd;$wpaE}Nyhjp. tPjp thopnadtUe;jpuistho;j;Jthh;jk; kyubvd;nrd;dpf;Fkyh;e;jG+Nt.

rhj;JKiw (nghpaho;thh; mUspr;nra;jJ) gy;yhz;Lgy;yhz;Lgy;yhapuj;jhz;L gyNfhbE}whapuk; ky;yhz;ljpz;Njhs;kzptz;zh!. cd; nrt;tbnrt;tpjpUf;fhg;G. mbNahNkhLk;epd;NdhLk;gphptpd;wp Mapuk;gy;yhz;L tbtha;epd;tykhh;gpdpy;tho;fpd;wkq;ifAk;gy;yhz;L tbthh;Nrhjptyj;JiwAk;RluhopAk;gy;yhz;L gilNghh;Gf;FKoq;Fk;mg;ghQ;rd;dpaKk;gy;yhz;Nl. (nghparPah; mUspr;nra;jJ) ]h;tNjஶjஶhfhNy\;tt;ah`jguhf;ukh

uhkhE[hh;ajpt;ah[;Qh th;j;jjhkgpth;j;jjhk; (fe;jhilaz;zd; mUspr;nra;jJ) uhkhE[hh;ajpt;ah[;Qh g;ujpth]uK[;[;tyh jpfe;jt;ahgpePG+ahj; ]h `p Nyhf`pij\pzP (cilath; mUspr;nra;jJ)

=ke; =uq;f =akEgj;uthkEjpek; ]k;th;j;ja / =ke; =uq;f =akEgj;uthkEjpek; ]k;th;j;ja // (nghparPah; mUspr;nra;jJ) ekஶ;;=iஶyehjha Fe;jPefu[e;kNe

g;u]hjyg;j gukg;uhg;aifq;fh;aஶhypNe (ek;ngUkhs; mUspr;nra;jJ) =iஶNyஶ jahghj;uk; jPgf;j;ahjp Fzhh;ztk; / ajPe;j;u g;utzk; te;Nj uk;a[hkhjuk; Kepk; // (klj;Jg;gps;is mUspr;nra;jJ) thopjpUtha;nkhopg; gps;iskhjfthy; thOk;kzthskhKdptd; - thopatd; khwd;jpUtha;nkhopg;nghUis. khepyj;Njhh; NjWk;gbAiuf;FQ;rpH;.

(gpujpthjpgaq;fuk; mz;zh mUspr;nra;jJ) nra;ajhkiuj;jhspiz thopNa Nriythop jpUehgp thopNa Ja;akhh;Gk; GhpEhYk; thopNa Re;juj;jpUj;Njhspiz thopNa ifANke;jpaKf;NfhYk; thopNa fUiznghq;fpa fz;zpiz thopNa ngha;apyhj kzthskhKdp Ge;jpthopGfo;thopthopNa. mbahh;fs;tho muq;fefh;tho rlNfhgd;jz;jkpo;Ehy;tho - fly;#o;e;j kd;Dyfk;tho. kzthskhKdpNa ,d;Dk;xUEhw;whz;L,Uk;.

kq;fs ];Nyhfq;fs; =uq;f kq;fs kzpk; fUzh epth]k; =Ntq;flhj;hp ஶpfuhaya fhs Nkfk;

=`];jp iஶyஶpfNuh[;[;ty ghhp[hjk;

=ஶk; ehkp ஶpu]h aJiஶyjPgk;

1.Nfhapy; (Nghf kz;lgk;) yக்ஷ;kp ruz yhக்ஷhq;f ]hக்ஷhr;r;hPtj;] tக்ஷN] / Nக்ஷkq;fuha ]h;Nt\hk; =uq;Nfஶha kq;fsk; // 2. jpUkiy (G\;g kz;lgk;)

=a: fhe;jha fy;ahz epjNa epjNash;j;jp ehk; / =Ntq;fl epth]ha =epth]ha kq;fsk; // 3. ngUkhs; Nfhtpy; (jpahf kz;lgk;)

m];J =];je f];JhhP th]eh th]p NjhuN] / =`];jpfphp ehjha Njtuh[h kq;fsk; // 4. jpUehuhazGuk; (Qhd kz;lgk;) fkyhFr f];JhhP fh;j;jkhq;fpj tக்ஷN] / ahjthj;hp epth]ha ]k;gj;Gj;uha kq;fsk; // 5. =[fe;ehjk;

ePshry epth]ha epj;aha gukhj;kNe / ]{gj;uh g;uhz ehjha [fe;ehjha kq;fsk; // 6. rf;uth;j;jpj; jpUkfdhh;

kq;fsk; Nfh]Nye;j;uha k`ePa Fzhj;kNe / rf;uth;j;jp jEh[ha ]hh;t ngskha kq;fsk; //

7. jpUty;ypf;Nfzp

g;Ue;jhuz;a epth]ha gyuhkhE[har / Uf;kpzPg;uhz ehjha ghh;j;j ]{jha kq;fsk; // 8. =Mz;lhs;

;=kj;;ia tp\;Zrpj;jhh;a kNehee;jeN;̀ jNt / ee;;;jee;je]{e;jh;ia Nfhjhia epj;akq;fsk; //

];Nthr;rp\;l khypfhge;jfe;jge;Ju [p\;zNt / tp\;Zrpj;j jEh[hia Nfhjhia epj;ja kq;fsk; // 9. ek;kho;thh; ;

=efh;ahk; k`hGh;ahk; jhk;ugh;z;Aj;jNu jNl / =jpe;j;hpzP %yjhk;Ne ]lNfhgha kq;fsk; // 10. jpUkq;ifaho;thh;

=kjhyp=efhP ehjha fypithpNz / rJ\;ftp g;ujheha gufhyha kq;fsk; // 11. vk;ngUkhdhh;

=ke;k`hG+jGNu =kj;Nf]ta[;te: / fhe;jpkj;ahk; g;u]{jha ajpuh[ha kq;fsk; // =guhq;Fஶ ghjhg;[n]{ugPf;Uj nksyNa / =tj;] rp`;e ehjha ajpuh[ha kq;fsk; // NஶN\h th i]e;a ehNjh th=gjph; Ntjp ]hj;tpif / Tpjh;f;aha k`hg;uh[;iQh; gh\;afhuha kq;fsk; //

12. kzths khKdpfs;

=kNj uk;a[hkhj;U KePe;j;uha k`hj;kNe / =uq;fth]pNe G+ahj; epj;a=h; epj;a kq;fsk; //

Jyh %yhtjPh;zha Njh\pjhfpy ]{uNa / N]sk;a[hkhj;U KeNa Nஶ\hk; ஶhah];J kq;fsk; // 13. ]h;t Mrhhpah;fs; kq;fshஶh]d giu: kjhrhh;a GNuhfik: / ]h;itஶ;r G+h;it uhrhh;ia: ]j;f;Ujhah];J kq;fsk; //

thrpf Njh\: க்ஷe;jt;a:

Mo;thh; vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; jpUtbfNs ruzk;

* * * * *