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fuu l,dmfha ,sms iudf,dapkhtia'tia' r;akdhl uhd - iyldr wêm;sf–'mS' udïmsáh uy;añh - iyldr wêm;s

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,SÉgkaiaghska rdcHh 1719 § Y=oaO jQ frdaudkq

wêrdcHh ;=< ia:dmkh jQjls' kefmda,shdkq

hqo iufha§ m%xY yd reishdkq hqo Nghska úiska

w;am;a lrf.k isá fuu rdcHh 1806 § iaffjÍ

rdcHhla njg m;aù 1815 § c¾udkq iuQydKavqjg

tlaúh' 1866 § iuQydKavqfõ úisrhEu;a iuÕ

,SÉgkaighska iïmQ¾K ksoyi ysñlr.;af;ah'

m<uqjk f,dal hqoaOh ksudjg m;ajk ;=re

Tiaá%%hdj iuÕ lsÜgq in|;d meje;ajQ Tjqka

yg hqo iufha isÿjQ wd¾Ól mßydksh;a iuÕ

iaúÜi¾,ka;h iu`. f¾.= iy uQ,H in|;dj,g

tlaùug isÿjqks' fuu rg msysgd ;sfnkafka

uOHu hqfrdamfha Tiaá%%hdj;a iaúÜi¾,ka;h;a

w;r fldgilh' ,SÉgkaighska ys wdKavql%uh

l%shd;aul jkafka jHjia:duh rdcdKavq l%uh

hgf;ahs' Tjqkaf.a cd;sl Èkh wf.daia;= 15 odg

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j¾;udkfha iEu iudÔh úoHd úIhhla ;=<

u mdfya f.da,ShlrKh hkq b;d ckm%sh

ud;Dldjls' kùk cd; Hka;r l%shdldß;ajhka

cd;sl rdcHhkaf.a iSudjka blaujd hñka iEu

rgl u wNHka;r lghq;=j,g n,mEï lrkq

,nk ;;a;ajhla j¾;udkfha oel.; yelsh'

j¾;udkfha lsishï iudchlg fyda rglg

yqfol,dj mej;Su b;d wmyiq ld¾hhla jk w;r

f.da,Sh iïnkaO;d cd,h ;=< ksrka;rfhka u

wka;¾ l%shdj, fh§ug isÿ fõ' fuu ,smsh ;=<ska

m%Odk jYfhka u f.da,ShlrK l%shdj,sh ms<sn| j

mQ¾j ú.%yhl fhfok w;r tys iajrEmhkaf.ka

tlla jk wd¾Ól f.da,ShlrKh mYapd;a ksoyia Y%S

,xld wd¾Ólh ;=< ms<sìUq jk whqre ú.%y lsÍug

W;aidy orkq ,nhs'

f.da,ShlrKh

f.da,ShlrKh hkq iudc" wd¾Ól" ixialD;sl

yd Y%u n,ldfha ixl%uKfhka tlsfkld w;r

mj;sk úm¾hdih ;=kS ù fjkialï w;r mr;rh

wvq jk iy ne£ïj, mrdihka m%idrKh jk

l%shdoduhls' j¾;udk l=gqïNhla i,ld n,k

úg tys idudðlhka w;r úúO rgj, ksIamdokh

lrkq ,enQ NdKav /ila mj;skq oelsh yels h'

Wodyr Khla f,i cmdkfha ksIamdokh lrk

,o fudag¾ r:hla" Ökfha ksIamdÈ; ÿrl:khla"

weußldfõ ksIamdÈ; mß.Klhla wd§ ksIamdok

/ila tl u .Dyhla ;=< oel .; yels h' j¾;udk

l=gqïN ixia:dj fufia ixlS¾K mßfNdack

rgdjlg Wreulï lSug uQ, îch imhkq ,nkafka

f.da,ShlrKhhs' tu ksidfjka f.da,ShlrKh

hkq w;a y< fkd yels iuia; f,dalhg u n,mEï

lrkq ,nk úúO oekqï la fIa;%hkaf.ka ú.%y

lsÍug W;aidy lrk l%shdj,shls' ft;sydisl

uQ,dY%hkag wkqj mqrdK ueisfvdakshdkq md,lfhl=

jQ uyd wef,laiekav¾ rcq f,dalfha rgj,a úYd,

m%udKhla wdl%%uKh lr we;' fujeks wdl%uKhka"

úúO iïm;a fidhd úúO cd;Ska úúO rgj,aj,g

ixl%uKh ùu jeks lreKq f.da,Sh iïnkaO;d

cd,h j¾Okh ùug fya;= úh' tys WÉp;u

m%;sM,h jkafka hg;a úð;lrK l%shdj,sh wdrïN

ùuhs' fuu ;;a;ajfha m%;sM,hla f,i hg;a úð;

rgj,a wêrdcHjd§ rgj,aj,g wuqøjH imhk

uOHia:dk njg m;a jQ w;r wêrdcHjd§ rgj,a

úiska ksIamdok fj f<|fmd< f,i hg;a úð;hka

Ndú; flß‚' ;rula ÿrg fuu ;;a;ajhg ndOdjla

f,i mej;sfha f,dal iudcjd§ l|jqr iy Okjd§

l|jqr w;r mej;s iS;, hqoaOhhs' 1990 § fidaúhÜ

iuQydKavqj ì| jeàu;a iuÕ u f,dalh j¾;udk

f.da,ShlrK wjêhg ndOdjlska f;dr j m%úYag

úh' f.da,ShlrK l%shdj,sfha ft;sydisl úldYkh

by; wdldrfhka idrdxY l< yels w;r Bg wod<

Ñka;k rduqj o ú.%y lr .ekSu w;HjYH fõ'

f.da,ShlrKh ^Globalization& hk moh Webster cd;Hka;r YíofldaIh ;=<g 1961 j¾Ifha §

we;=<;a l< w;r th 1986 § Tlaia*¾â ^Oxford&

YíofldaIh ;=<g we;=<;a lrk ,§' fndfyda

mqoa.,hka cd;Hka;ÍlrKh iy f.da,ShlrKh

tald¾:fhys,d i,lk njla olakg ,efí' tfy;a

mSg¾ älka ^Dicken - 1992& g wkqj f.da,ShlrKh

hkq cd;Hka;ÍlrKfhka .=Kd;aul j fjkia

jkakla jk w;r th cd;Hka;ÍlrKfha .eUqre

yd ixlS¾K ,laIK ms<sìUq lrk l%shdj,shls' fuu

woyig wkqj meyeÈ,s jkafka f.da,ShlrKh hkq

cd;sl rdcHhkaf.a iSudj blaujd hñka rdcHhka

w;r wka;¾ ine¢hdj yd wka;¾ mrdh;a;;dj

ixch ùrisxy

iyldr wOHCI

ixLHdk fomd¾;fïka;=j

f.da,ShlrKh iy ksoyiska miq Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól f.da,ShlrK l%shdj,sh

—igyk˜ iÕrdfjys m<jk woyia tA tA f,aLlhka f.a woyia ñi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ woyia fkdúh yels h'

wOHCIikaksfõok fomd¾;fïka;=jY%S ,xld uy nexl=j;e' fm' 590" fld<U

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jeäÈhqKq lrk l%shdj,sh mokï fldg ks¾udKh

jQ ;;a;ajhla nj h' f,dalh iucd;Sh cd;Hka;r

fj f<|fmd<la lrd .uka lrk w;r ´kE u

rgl idudðlhka tu cd;Hka;r fjf<|fmdf<a

ksIamdolhka fyda mßfNda.slhka njg m;aùu

j¾;udkh jk úg YS>%fhka j¾Okh jk

;;a;ajhls' älkaiaf.a woyia ;=< f.da,ShlrKfha

wd¾Ól wxYh muKla újrKh flfrk w;r

weka;kS .svkaiag Giddens - 1990& wkqj th iudc

iïnkaO;d wxYfhka o jeo.;a jk l%shdj,shls'

.svkaiag wkqj f.da,ShlrKfha m%;sM,hla f,i

iudc yd ixialD;sl iïnkaO;d mq¿,a j iy

kj uqyqKqjrlska mj;sk whqre oel.; yels h'

ikaksfõok udOHfha iy m%jdykfha ÈhqKqfjys

m%;sM,hla f,i cd;sl ixialD;shg f.da,Sh

ixialD;sh ñY%ùula isÿ ù we;' wdydr mdk"

ú,dis;d" .Dyks¾udK Ys,amh we;=¿ fndfyda

ixialD;sl wx.hka f.da,ShlrKhg ,laùu fuys

§ y÷kd.; yels h' WodyrK f,i f,dj mqrd

mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk wjkay,a tlu m%ñ;shlska

hqla; j wdydr mdk iemhSug W;aidy oeÍu fmkajd

Èh yels h' fujeks isÿùïj,ska meyeÈ,s jkafka

weka;kS .svkaia mjik whqßka f.da,ShlrKfha

wd¾Ól fuka u iudÔh n,mEula o mj;sk nj h'

f.da,ShlrK l%shdj,sh ms<sn| jvd;a id¾j uÜgfï

ks¾jpkhla fâúÜ ydú ^Harvey-1989& úiska

bÈßm;a lr we;' Tyqg wkqj ld,h yd wjldYh

w;r mr;rh wju ùu f.da,ShlrKhhs' 1920 isg

1990 w;r ld,h ;=< id.r yd jrdh m%jdyk

.dia;= ;=ka .=Khlska my< f.dia we;' fï yereKq

úg 1930 isg 1990 jk úg u.S ie;mqula i|yd

jk .=jka fiajd m%jdyk .dia;= ie,lsh hq;= f,i

my< jeà we;' fufia m%jdyk msßjeh wvqùfï

m%;sM,hla f,i wka;¾ rdcH ld,h yd wjldYh

w;r mr;rh wju ù we;' wfkla w;g iudc fjí

wvú" ÿrl:k in|;d jeks ikaksfõok Wml%u

i|yd mj;sk msßjeh l%ufhka wvq fjñka mj;S'

fujeks ;;a;aj ;=< f,dj úúO cd;Ska w;r we;s

ÿria:Ndjh u. yefrñka mj;skq oelsh yelsjdla

fuka u f,dalh úYaj .ïudkhla lrd .uka lrk

whqre o fmkS hhs' fï wkqj ld,h yd wjldYh

w;r mr;rh wju ùu f.da,ShlrKh hkqfjka

ydù úiska lrkq ,enQ ú.%yh b;d ;d¾lsl jQjla nj

y÷kd .; yels h' lsfhdfyaka iy fka ^Kiohane and Ney) hk fofokdg wkqj f.da,ShlrKfha

iajrEmhka lsysmhla mj;S' tkï wd¾Ól yd

uQ,H f.da,ShlrKh" yuqod fyda Wmdhud¾.sl

f.da,ShlrKh" mdßißl f.da,ShlrKh iy iudc

ixialD;sl f.da,ShlrKh fõ' f.da,ShlrKfha

Wla; úúO iajrEmhka w;ßka wd¾Ól

f.da,ShlrKh ms<sn| j muKla fuu ,smsh ;=<ska

.eUqßka idlÉPd lsÍug wfmalaIs; h'

wd¾Ól f.da,ShlrKh

f.da,ShlrKfha jvd;a n,mEï iy.; me;slv

f,i fndfyda Ñka;lhka úiska y÷kd .kq ,nkafka

wd¾Ól f.da,ShlrKhhs' cd;sl rdcH iSud wNsnjd

NdKav yd fiajd yqjudre ùu" ksIamdok idOl

.,dhEu" uQ,H j;alï úisr me;sr hEu" ;dlaI‚l

oekqu .,dhEu hk l%shdj,s wd¾Ól f.da,ShlrKh

f,i y÷kajd Èh yel' j¾;udkh jk úg ´kE

u rgl mdßfNda.slfhl=g fjk;a rgj, ksIamdÈ;

NdKav mßfNdackh l< yels w;r ´kE u

ksIamdolfhl=g ´kE u rglg NdKav wmkhkh

l< yels h' fï wkqj wd¾Ól f.da,ShlrKfha

m%;sM,hla f,i ksIamdolhd yd mdßfNda.slhd w;r

in|;dj cd;Hka;r uÜgu olajd m%idrKh ù we;'

f,dalfha úúO rgj,a w;r mj;sk iïm;a fn§

hEfï wiuñ;sl;dj yd rgj,aj, msysàu mokï

fldg f.k rdcH wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh ùu ;Sj%

ù we;' WodyrKhla f,i wdishdfõ rka fodrgqj

f,i ye¢kafjk isx.mamQrej f.da,ShlrKh ùug

tys msysàu iDcq n,mEula lr we;' wfkla w;g

úúO rgj,a w;r mj;sk ;dlaI‚l yd iïm;a

úIu;dj fuka u Y%u n,ldfha iajNdjh mokï

lr f.k ksIamdok l%shdj,sh cd,.; ù we;s whqre

oel .; yel' tfuka u tl u NdKavhl fldgia

úúO rgj,a ;=< ksIamdokh ùfï l%shdj,sh yryd

o wd¾Ól f.da,ShlrKh YS>% f,i j¾Okh ù we;'

cd;Hka;r fj f<| in|;d j¾Okh ùu" iDcq úfoaY

wdfhdackj, j¾Okh jeks wd¾Ólfha jeo.;a wxY

wd¾Ól f.da,ShlrK l%shdj,sfha m%;sM, fõ' wd¾Ól

f.da,ShlrK l%shdj,sh fujeks wxY Tiafia úYd,

jYfhka jHdma; ùug cd;Hka;r ixúOdkj,

l%shdldß;ajh uyÕ= msgqn,hla fõ' f,dal fj f<|

ixúOdkh" cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo," f,dal nexl=j

t jeks m%uqL fmf<a ixúOdk w;ßka lsysmhls' fu

jeks ixúOdkj, l%shdldß;ajh fya;= fldg f.k

fndfyda ixj¾ê; yd ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk

rgj, wd¾Ólhka w;r wka;¾ in|;d j¾Okh

52016 uehs-cQks

ù we;' j¾;udkh jk úg iuyr nyqcd;sl

iud.ïj, iuia; ksIamdok jákdlu ;=kajk

f,dalfha we;eï rgj, o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h

o blaujd f.dia we;s w;r" t jeks iud.ïj,

ksIamdok idOl o f.da,Sh jYfhka jHdma; ù

we;' t kï N+ñh" Y%uh wdÈh úúO rgj,aj,g

wh;a tajd jk w;r tajdfha mßmd,kh l%shd;aul

jkafka wod< ixúOdk cd,fha wêldß;ajhg hg;a

j h' fï wkqj wd¾Ól f.da,ShlrKh hkq f,dal

f.da,ShlrK l%shdj,sfha b;d jeo.;a iy mq¿,a u

wxYh nj fmkajd Èh yel' ì%;dkH hg;a úð;

;;a;ajfhka ksoyi ,eîfuka wk;=re j Y%S ,xld

cd;sl wd¾Ólh f.da,Sh wd¾Ól fijke,a, Tiafia

úldYkh jkq oel .; yels h' tys j¾;udk

iajNdjh yd úúO idOkSh iy ksfYaOkSh

me;slvhka ms<sn| j ú.%y lsÍu bÈß mßÉfþo ;=<

§ isÿ fõ'

Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólh ;=< f.da,ShlrK m%jK;d

bkaÈhka id.rh ueo msysgd we;s Y%S ,xldj

lS¾;su;a b;sydihlg ysñlï lshk rgla jk

w;r wE; b;sydifha isg u th úfoaYhka iu`.

úúO iajrEmfhka in|;d meje;a jQ njg ;yjqre

lrk ft;sydisl uQ,dY% fndfyda h' Y%S ,xldj

hg;aúð;hla njg m;aùu tys Wmßu wjia:djls'

fuu ,smsh ;=< ksoyiska miq Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól

l%uh f.da,ShlrKh ùu ms<sn| j újr Kh lsÍug

wfmalaIs; h' mYapd;a ksoyia Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól

f.da,ShlrKhg miqìu imhkq ,nkafka ì%;dkH

hg;aúð; md,k iuh fõ' ì%;dkHhka fu rgg

meñK f;a" l=re÷ jeks lDIs fnda. wdY%s; j j;=

j.dj wdrïN lsÍu Y%S ,xldj wd¾Ól wmkhk

lafIa;%hg keUqre ùug uQ, îch úh' fï yereKq

úg 1833 flda,anDDla wdKavql%u m%;sixialrKh

yryd rcfha fj f<| taldêldßh ì| oeóu fu

rg cd;sl wd¾Ólh cd;Hka;rhg újD; ùug

n,mE ;j;a idOlhla fõ' fu jeks miqìula ;=<

mYapdoa ksoyia Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh

ù we;af;a flfia o@" tys idOkSh ksfYaOkSh

me;slvhka fudkjd o@ hkak ms<sn| j ú.%y lsÍu

t ;rï myiq ld¾hhla fkd fõ' 1948 jif¾ ksoyi

,eîfï isg 1970 olajd ld,h ;=< fu rg m%;sm;a;s

iïmdolhka uOHia: wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;shla wkq.

ukh l< w;r 1970 - 1977 olajd ld,h ;=< wdjD;

wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;shla l%shd;aul lrk ,È' t;eka

mgka wo olajd u újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s Tiafia

Y%S ,xldfõ iudch YS>% fhka f.da,ShlrKhg k;=

fjñka isà' fu rg msysàu" újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s

y÷kajd §u" mß.Kl idlaIr;dj fõ.fhka

by< hEu" m%jdyk wxYfha ÈhqKqj hk lreKq

Y%S ,xldfõ j¾;udk wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh

ùug n,md we;' ;sia wjqreÿ hqoaOh Y%S ,xldfõ

f.da,ShlrK l%shdj,sh i|yd hï ixfrdaOlhla

f,i n,mEj o fï jk úg th o wjika ù we;'

1994 j¾Ifha § rfÜ wdkhk yd wmkhkj,g

wod< úksuh md,k fr.=,dis ,sys,a lsÍu cd;sl

wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKhùu YS>% ùug fya;= úh'

fujeks miqìula ;=< ksoyiska miq Y%S ,xldfõ

wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh ùug n,mE m%Odk idOlh

jk újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh y÷kajd §u .eUqre

úu¾Ykhlg ,la l< hq;= h' ta wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ

idOl fjf<|fmd< fuka u NdKav yd fiajd

fjf<|fmd< o f.da,ShlrKh ùu i|yd 1977

újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a wdrïN l< uy

fld<U wd¾Ól fldñifï my; i|yka wd¾Ól

m%;sixialrK l%shdud¾. Rcq j n,md we;'

1' l¾udka; wrUk wdfhdaclhkag wjqreÿ 10la

jk f;la 100%l nÿ úrduhla ,nd §u'

l¾udka;hg ,efnk jeo.;alu" ;dlaI‚l

iajrEmh yd ,nd fok fiajd kshqla;sfha

m%udKh wkqj ,efnk fuu nÿ úrduh

;jÿrg;a §¾> lsÍug yelshdj ,eîu'

2' ksoyia fj f<| l,dmfha fldgia fu rg fyda

msgrg whg;a wf,ú l< yels jk w;r th

wdodhï noafoka ksoyia lsÍu'

3' l¾udka;lrejka ,nk ish¨ ,dN noafoka

ksoyia lsÍu'

4' l¾udka; i|yd fhdod .efkk m%d.aOkh"

wuqøjH yd hka;% iQ;% i|yd nÿ wh fkd lsÍu'

5' l¾udka; wrUd jir 10la .; jQ miq j ;j;a

wjqreÿ 5la hk f;la u tu m%d.aOkfhka nÿ

jYfhka wh lrkq ,nkafka 2% isg 5% olajd

w;r .Kkla muK h'

6' nÿ ksoyia ld, iSudj ;=< § fiajfha fhdod

.kakd úfoaYSh fiajlhkaf.a wdodhï o wdodhï

noafoka ksoyia lsÍu'

6 2016 uehs-cQks

7' tu ld,h ;=< fldgialrejka ,nk ,dN i|yd

o nÿ wh fkdlsÍu'

8' l,dmh ;=< wrUk l¾udka; i|yd ráka msgg

f.k hk ksIamdok whs;sh i|yd jk uqo,a

fjkqfjka o nÿ wh fkd lsÍu'

uy fld<U wd¾Ól fldñiu úiska by; wdldrfha

nÿ iykhka yd fjk;a myiqlï ie,iSu ;=<ska

úfoaY wdfhdack Èßu;a lsÍu" l¾udka; wdY%s;

oekqu fu rgg .,d tau" úfoaY fjf<|du mq¿,a

ùu wd§ úúO wxYhkaf.ka fu rg wd¾Ólh

f.da,ShlrKh lsÍug miqìu imhk ,È' fu jeks

úúO fya;= ldrKd u;" mYapdoa ksoyia Y%S ,xldfõ

wd¾Ólfha úúO wxYhkaf.a f.da,ShlrKh ùfï

iajrEmh ms<sn| j wd¾Ól o;a;hka úYaf,aIKh

lsÍfuka y÷kd .; yels h'

mYapdoa ksoyia Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaY fj f<|dfï

úldYkh ms<sn| j i,ld n,k úg th l%ñl j

f.da,Sh wd¾Ól rgdj iuÕ mq¿,a j iïnkaO jk

whqre oel .; yels h'

j.= wxl 1

f;dard .;a j¾I lsysmhl wdkhk yd wmkhk

^tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ñ,shk&

j¾Ih wmkhk wdkhk

1950 296.5 246.3

1955 397.5 310.4

1960 377.2 421.3

1965 400.9 403.6

1970 338.7 391.8

1975 563.4 767.3

1980 1,064.7 2,051.2

1985 1,315.3 2,044.3

1990 1,983.9 2,686.4

1995 3,806.6 5,311.1

2000 5,522.3 7,319.8

2005 6,346.7 8,863.2

2010 8,625.8 13,450.9

2015 10,504.9 18,934.6

uQ,dY%h ( Y%S ,xld uy nexl= jd¾Isl jd¾;dj

1950 § wmkhk tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ñ,shk

296'5la jQ w;r wdkhk tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾

ñ,shk 246'3la úh' 1975 jk úg wmkhk tlai;a

ckmo fvd,¾ ñ,shk 563'4la olajd o wdkhk

tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ñ,shk 767'3la olajd o

j¾Okh úh' by; ld, iSudj ;=< Y%S ,xldfõ

úfoaY fj<|du t ;rï YS>%.dó j j¾Okh fkd

jQ njla y÷kd .; yels h' tfy;a 1977 § újD;

wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh y÷kajd §u;a iuÕ u fu

rg NdKav fj f<|fmd< b;d YS>%fhka f.da,Sh

wd¾Ólh iuÕ j¾Okh ù we;s nj by; j.=fõ

1980 j¾Ifha wmkhk iy wdkhk m%udK ms<sn|

j i,ld ne,Sfuka meyeÈ,s fõ' 2016 j¾Ifha §

iuia; wmkhk tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ñ,shk

10"000 blaujd we;s w;r wdkhk tlai;a ckmo

fvd,¾ ñ,shk 18"000 blaujd we;' fï wkqj

meyeÈ,s jkafka fï jk úg Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólfha

NdKav fj f<|fmd< b;d YS>% fhka f.da,ShlrKh

ù we;s nj h'

by; o;a;j,g wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ NdKav

fjf<|fmd< YS>% fhka f.da,ShlrKhg k;= jk

njla olakg ,enqK o isx.mamQrej yd u,hdishdj

jeks rgj,g idfmalaI j th ie,lsh hq;= whqßka

m%idrKh fkd ù we;s njla olakg ,efí'

fuu j.=jg wkqj 2015 jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaY

fj f<|du yd wmkhk o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha

m%;sY;hla f,i b;d l=vd w.hla fmkakqï lrk

w;r isx.mamQrej yd u,hdishdfõ th o< foaYSh

ksIamdÈ;h blaujd hEug iu;a ù we;' fï wkqj

Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaY fj f<|fmd< ie,lsh hq;=

whqrlska f.da,Sh wd¾Ólh iu`. .kqfokq lsÍug

iu;a j ke;s nj fuka u th f.da,Sh wd¾Ólh

;=< ;jÿrg;a m%idrKh lr .ekSfï wjYH;dj o

ms<sìUq lrhs'

Y%S ,xldfõ NdKav fj f<|fmd< muKla fkdj

wdfhdack lafIa;%h o wd¾Ólfha f.da,ShlrK

keUqre j fmkakqï lrk ;j;a jeo.;a wxYhls'

1950 § Y%S ,xldfõ Rcq úfoaY wdfhdack m%udKh

tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ñ,shk -0'4la jQ w;r th

1975 § tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ñ,shk -0'1 olajd

iq¿ jYfhka j¾Okh úh' fuu ld, iSudj ;=<

Y%S ,xldfõ wdfhdack lafIa;%h t ;rï f.da,Sh

wd¾Ól cd,h iuÕ iïnkaO fkd jQ njla olakg

,efí'

72016 uehs-cQks

tfy;a uy fld<U wd¾Ól fldñiu u.ska ,nd ÿka

nÿ iyk iy wfkl=;a myiqlï mokï fldg f.k

cd;Hka;r wdfhdack fu rgg .,d tau YS>%fhka

j¾Okh úh' tkï 1975 § RK w.hl mej;s fu

rg Rcq úfoaY wdfhdack m%udKh 1980 § tlai;a

ckmo fvd,¾ ñ,shk 42'9 olajd b;d YS>%fhka jeä

úh' t ;eka mgka Y%S ,xldfõ ksIamdok i|yd m%d.

aOkh imhd .ekSu f.da,Sh wd¾Ólh iuÕ úYd,

jYfhka noaO jk whqre oel .; yels h' fuu

;;a;ajh 2015 j¾Ih jk úg tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾

ñ,shk 681'2 olajd by< f.dia we;s w;r f.da,Sh

jHdmdr cd,h ;=< wdfhdack lghq;=j, ksr;

jk úfoaY wdfhdaclhka Y%S ,xldfõ wdfhdackh

lsÍug l%ufhka fm<fUk njla oel .; yels h'

by; ixLHdf,aLkj,g wkqj wjfndaO jk lreK

jkafka Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ólh wdfhdack lafIa;%h

yryd o f.da,ShlrKh fjñka mj;sk nj h'

uE; jljdkqj jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ólh

f.da,ShlrKh ùu ms<sìUq jk ;j;a wxYhla f,i

Y%ñlhkaf.a ixl%uKh fmkajd Èh yels h' 2007

j¾Ih jk úg /lshd i|yd Èklg mqoa.,hka

599 fofkla nKavdrkdhl cd;Hka;r .=jka

f;dgqmf<ka msgj hhs' th 2014 jk úg 823 la

olajd by< f.dia we;' fuu f;dr;=rej,ska

meyeÈ,s jkafka Y%S ,xldj ;=< Y%u .,kh

f.da,ShlrK m%jK;dj, n,mEfuka isÿ jk njhs'

by; f;dr;=re ish,a, i,ld n,k úg Y%S ,xld

wd¾Ólfha iEu wxYhla u mdfya f.da,ShlrK

l%shdj,shg k;= jQ nj ikd: fõ' fuys,d ó<Õg

jeo.;a lreK jkafka wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh

ùfï l%shdj,sh Y%S ,xldjg flfia n,md weoao

hkak fidhd ne,Suhs'

Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh ùfï idOkSh iy ksfIaOkSh n,mEu

by; mrsÉfÊofha idlÉ Pd l< mßÈ Y%S ,xldj

wd¾Óluh jYfhka f.da,ShlrKh ù we;s nj

újdohlska f;dr j ms<s.ekSug ,la jQ lreKls'

fufia wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh ùfï n,mEu

idOkSh fuka u ksfIaOkSh o úh yels h' fu rg

cd;sl wd¾Ólhg f.da,ShlrKfha idOkSh n,mEu

úúO lafIa;%hka Tiafia my; mßÈ ú.%y l< yels

h'

mYapdoa ksoyia Y%S ,xldfõ uq¿ úfoaY j;alï

m%udKh wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh ùu;a iuÕ u

my< uÜgul isg by< uÜgula olajd .uka lrkq

oelsh yels h'

Y%S ,xldj" u,hdishdj iy isx.mamQrej úfoaY fjf<|dfï m%idrKh

rg Y%S ,xldj u,hdishdj isx.mamQrej

j¾Ih úfoaY

fj f<|du

o< foaYSh

ksIamdÈ;fha

m%;sY;hla

f,i

wmkhkh

o< foaYSh

ksIamdÈ;fha

m%;sY;hla

f,i

úfoaY

fj f<|du

o< foaYSh

ksIamdÈ;fha

m%;sY;hla

f,i

wmkhkh

o< foaYSh

ksIamdÈ;fha

m%;sY;hla

f,i

úfoaY

fj f<|du

o< foaYSh

ksIamdÈ;fha

m%;sY;hla

f,i

wmkhkh

o< foaYSh

ksIamdÈ;fha

m%;sY;hla

f,i

2010 46.36 19.55 157.94 86.93 372.10 199.26

2011 54.98 20.90 154.94 85.26 377.30 200.93

2012 51.49 19.82 147.84 79.30 367.14 195.39

2013 49.26 20.32 142.69 75.61 361.59 192.35

2014 49.83 20.91 138.46 73.85 359.77 192.11

2015 48.48 20.53 134.36 71.00 326.12 176.49

uQ,dY%h( f,dal ixj¾Ok o¾Ylh" f,dal nexl=j

j.= wxl 2

8 2016 uehs-cQks

j.= wxl 3f;dard .;a j¾I lsysmhl úfoaY j;alï

^remsh,a ñ,shk&

j¾Ih

uq¿ úfoaY

j;alï

m%udKh

j¾Ih

uq¿ úfoaY

j;alï

m%udKh

1950 237.6 1985 672.0

1955 258.2 1990 856.7

1960 114.0 1995 2901.9

1965 92.1 2000 2131.2

1970 67.6 2005 4200.5

1975 108.1 2010 8620.8

1980 375.9 2015 9336.9


by; j.=jg wkqj mYapd;a ksoyia Y%S ,xldfõ

uq¿ úfoaY j;alï m%udKh 1950 isg 1975 olajd

fvd,¾ ñ,shk 237'6 isg 108'1 olajd mrdihla ;=<

úp,kh fjñka meje;s nj meyeÈ,s fõ' tfy;a

újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s y÷kajd §u;a iuÕ u

j.= wxl 4f;dard.;a j¾I lsysmhl ia;%S mqreI Ndjh wkqj fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;h

j¾Ihiuia;h

^]&ia;%S ^]&

mqreI

^]&j¾Ih

iuia;h

^]&ia;%S ^]& mqreI ^]&

1963 16.6 20 15.3 1985 14.1 20.8 10.8

1968 14.3 20.1 11.2 1990 15.9 23.4 11.8

1971 18.7 31.1 14.3 1995 12.3 18.7 9.0

1973 18.3 26.8 13.7 2000 7.6 11.0 5.8

1975 19.7 33.1 14.3 2005 7.7 11.9 5.5

1978 14.8 24.9 9.2 2010 4.9 7.7 3.5

1981 17.9 31.0 13.3 2014 4.3 6.5 3.1

1982 11.7 21.3 7.8 2015 4.6 7.6 3.0


fu rg wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKhg ,laùfï

m%;sM,hla f,i uq¿ úfoaY j;alï m%udKh YS>%

jYfhka by< hEu wdrïN ù we;' wdjD; wd¾Ól

m%;sm;a;s meje;s wjika hq.fha t kï 1975 fvd,¾

ñ,shk 108'1la j meje;s uq¿ úfoaY j;alï m%udKh

1977 g miq újD; wd¾Ólh y÷kajd §u;a iuÕ u

1980 j¾Ih jk úg fvd,¾ ñ,shk 375'9la olajd

by< f.dia we;' th 2010 jk úg fvd,¾ ñ,shk

8620'8la olajd by< f.dia we;' fuu o;a;hkag

wkqj meyeÈ,s jk lreK jkafka fu rg cd;sl

wd¾Ólh fõ.fhka f.da,ShlrKh ùu uq¿ úfoaY

j;alï m%udKh by< hEug idOkSh f,i n,md

we;s njhs'

Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh ùu fu rg

Y%u fj f<|fmd< flfrys o idOkSh whqßka n,md

we;' iuia; ú/lshd wkqmd;h ksoyia wd¾Ólh

y÷kajd §u we;=¿ lreKq rdYshla u; l%ufhka wvq

jk njla olakg ,efí' fuys úfYaIs; ,laIKh

jkafka ldka;d Y%u fj f<|fmd< iyNd.s;ajh

f.da,ShlrKh ùu fõ.j;a ùu iuÕ u by<

hEula fmkakqï lsÍuhs'

92016 uehs-cQks

by; o;a;hkag wkqj" f.da,ShlrK m%jK;d by<

hdu;a iuÕ u iuia; ú/lshd wkqmd;fha o wvq

ùula olakg ,efí' ta yereKq úg by< u ldka;d

ú/lshd wkqmd;hla fmkakqï lrkq ,nkafka fu

rg wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh ùu iSud jQ wjÈhla jk

1970 - 1977 w;r ld,h ;=< § h' t kï 1975 ldka;d

fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;h 33'1% la úh' ;jÿrg;a

i,ld n,k úg ldka;d fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;h

20% g jvd wvq w.hla fmkakqï lrkqfha o 1995

j¾Ifha muK isg h' iuia; Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a

fuka u ldka;djka Y%u fjf<|fmd<g iyNd.S

ùu by< hEu úIfhys,d úfoaY m%d.aOkh

fu rgg .,d tau" ia;%S mqreI Ndjh ms<sn| u;jdoh

kjHlrKh ùu jeks f.da,ShlrK ixrplhkaf.a

n,mEu fya;= ù we;' fï wkqj" Y%u fj f<|fmd<

wiudk;d my< hEug iy iuia; /lshd kshqla;sh

by< hEug fu rg wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh ùu

n,md we;s nj ukdj meyeÈ,s fõ'

ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,a ixj¾ê;

;;a;ajhla lrd .uka lsÍfï § tajd lDIsld¾ñl

ksIamdolhkaf.a isg ld¾ñl yd fiajd ksIamdok

mokï lr.;a wd¾Ólhka olajd ú;eka ùu iq,N

,laIKhls' Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ólh o" mYapdoa

ksoyia hq.h ;=< uq,a jljdkqjg wkqj n,k úg

lDIsld¾ñl wxYhg idfmalaI j ld¾ñl yd fiajd

wxY j¾;udkh jk úg by< j¾Okhla fmkakqï

lrhs'

ksoyiska miq uq,a hq.fha § Y%S ,xld o< foaYSh

ksIamdÈ;fha úúO wxYhkaf.a odhl;ajh i,ld

n,k úg bka wvlg wdikak m%udKhlg odhl ù

we;af;a lDIsld¾ñl wxYhhs' o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;hg

ld¾ñl wxYfha odhl;ajh" lDIsld¾ñl wxYfha

odhl;ajh wLKav j blaujd hkq ,nkafka 1995

j¾Ifha § h' t kï tu jif¾ lDIsld¾ñl wxYfha

odhl;ajh 23'0% la jk úg ld¾ñl wxYfha

odhl;ajh 26'5% la úh' fuh b;d iq¿ jYfhka

isÿ jQ fjkiaùula mu‚' 2015 jk úg fuu

;;a;ajh ;j;a bÈßhg j¾Okh ù we;' t kï

lDIsld¾ñl wxYfha odhl;ajh 8'1% la jk úg

ld¾ñl wxYfha odhl;ajh 28'5% olajd j¾Okh

úh' j¾;udkh jk úg Y%S ,xldj ueÈ wdodhï

,nk rgls' fndfyda ueÈ wdodhï ,nk rgj,a ueÈ

wdodhï W.=f,a isrùug fya;= jkafka idïm%odhsl

lDIsld¾ñl rgdfõ isg kùk ld¾ñl ksIamdok

rgd olajd ú;eka ùug we;s wiSre;djhs' Y%S ,xldjg

o ksoyiska miq uq,a jljdkqfõ meje;s ;rula

,sys,a fkd jQ wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh iy ckjd¾.sl

w¾nqoh fu rgg úfoa Y wdfhdaclhka meñK

l¾udka; wx Yh j¾Okh ùug ixfrdaOlhla f,i

mej;sk' ksoyia wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sfha m%;sM,hla

f,i f.da,Sh wd¾Ól rgdjla iuÕ l%ufhka

taldnoaO ùu jeä ùu by< hEu Y%S ,xld o< cd;sl

ksIamdÈ;fha wdxYsl odhl;ajfha ld¾ñl wxYfha

iy fiajd wxYj, odhl;ajh jeä ùug fya;= úh'

fuu ;;a;ajh wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh ùfuka fu

rg wd¾Ólfha we;s jQ ;j;a hym;a m%jK;djla jk

j.= wxl 5

o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha wdxYsl odhl;ajh o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha m%;sY;hla f,i

j¾IhlDIs

wxYh^]&

ld¾ñl

wxYh ^]&

fiajd

wxYh ^]&j¾Ih

lDIs

wxYh^]&

ld¾ñl

wxYh ^]&

fiajd

wxYh ^]&

1950 46.3 19.6 36.9 1985 27.7 26.2 46.1

1955 45.9 16.5 39.6 1990 26.3 26.0 47.7

1960 37.8 16.8 45.4 1995 23.0 26.5 50.5

1965 33.6 17.4 49.0 2000 19.9 27.3 52.8

1970 28.3 23.8 47.9 2005 11.8 30.2 58.0

1975 30.4 26.4 43.2 2010 8.5 26.6 54.6

1980 27.6 29.6 42.8 2015 8.1 28.5 56.3 uQ,dY%h ( Y%S ,xld uy nexl= jd¾Isl jd¾;dj

10 2016 uehs-cQks

w;r j¾;udkfha Y%S ,xldj ;=< mj;sk iduldó

;;a;ajh ;=<ska úfoaY wdfhdack ÈhqKq lsÍu

yryd fuu ;;a;ajh ;jÿrg;a j¾Okh lsÍug

m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhka mshjr .; hq;= h' wd¾Ólfha

ld¾ñl wxYfha bÈß fõ.j;a j¾Okh ueÈ wdodhï

W.=,ska .e,ùug Y%S ,xldjg b;d jeo.;a yd

w;HjYH lreKla jk w;r u fu rg wd¾Ólh

f.da,ShlrKh ùu ;=<ska fu rg wd¾Ólfha

isÿfjñka mj;sk l%ñl mßj¾;kh ;jÿrg;a

mj;ajdf.k hEu wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh ùfuka

,nd .; yels ;j;a hym;a m%;sM,hls'

rgl wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh ùu ;=< by;

wdldrfha hym;a m%jK;d fuka u wd¾Ólhg

wys;lr m%jK;d we;s ùu o ksiel jYfhka

u oel .; yels ;;a;ajhls' fu rg wd¾Ólh

fõ.fhka f.da,ShlrKh jk úg foaYSh l¾udka;

wffO¾hu;a ùu" <ore l¾udka; ì| jeàu t jeks

tla wd¾Óluh ÿ¾j,;djla f,i ye¢kaúh yels

h' 1977 j¾Ifha § ksoyia wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s y÷kajd

§u;a iuÕ u t f;la Yla;su;a j mej;s f,day"

lvodis" frÈms<s wd§ l¾udka; l%ñl j ì| jeàug

m;a jQ nj úlag¾ whsjka úiska rÑ; w¾nqofha .uka

u. lD;sh ;=< fmkajd § we;' fulS ;;a;ajfha

wys;lr wd¾Ól m%;sM,hla f,i wmkhkj,g

idfmalaI j wdkhk YS>%fhka jeäùula olakg

,enqKq w;r th Y%S ,xldfõ fj f<| fYaIhg

wys;lr f,i n,md we;'

1950 isg 1975 w;r ld,h ;=< fu rg fj f<|

fYaIh b;d iq¿ úp,khla iys; j Ok w.hl isg

RK w.hla olajd .uka l< nj oel .; yels h'

tfy;a ksoyia wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sfhka miqj fj f<|

fYaIh RK ùu b;d YS>%fhka jeä fjñka mj;sk

nj oel .; yels h' 1975 § weursldkq fvd,¾

ñ,shk 203'9 la j meje;s fj f<| fYaI mr;rh

1980 jk úg wdikak jYfhka mia .=Khla t kï

weursldkq fvd,¾ ñ,shk 986'5 olajd by< f.dia

we;' ksoyia wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh yuqfõ foaYSh

l¾udka; ì| jeàu;a ta yryd wmkhk wvd,

ùu;a fya;= fldg f.k wdkhksl NdKav m%udKh

i|yd jk úhou jeä ùu fulS ;;a;ajhg fya;= ù

we;' 2015 j¾Ih jk úg wdkhksl NdKav i|yd

jk úhou wmkhk NdKavj,ska ,efnk wdodhug

idfmalaI j fo.=Khlg wdikak ù we;' wd¾Ólfha

f.da,ShlrKh ;=< foaYSh ksIamdokh wvq ù úfoaY

NdKav fu rgg .,d tau ;=< cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh

u; jk mSvkh jeä ùu fuu ;;a;ajhg WmldÍ

ù we;'

by; ixisoaêfha m%;sM,hla f,i fu rg wd¾Ólh

f.da,ShlrKh ùu iuia; úfoa Y Kh m%udKh

by< hdug o fya;= mdol úh' wmkhk wdodhug

idfmalaI j wdkhk úhou jeä jk úg tlS wê

wdkhk b,a¨ ug wod< úhoï mshùug úfoaYSh Kh

,nd .ekSug isÿ fõ' fï yereKq úg kj l¾udka;

Yd,d wdrïN lsÍug wOHdmk" fi!LHh wd§ iudc

j.= wxl 6

f;dard.;a j¾I lsysmhl wdkhk wmkhk fjf<| fYaI mr;rh

j¾Ih wmkhk wdkhkfj<| fYaI

mr;rhj¾Ih wmkhk wdkhk

fj<| fYaI mr;rh

1950 296.5 246.3 50.2 1985 1315.3 2044.3 -729

1955 397.5 310.4 87.1 1990 1983.9 2686.4 -702.5

1960 377.2 421.3 -44.1 1995 3806.6 5311.1 -1504.5

1965 400.9 403.6 -2.7 2000 5522.3 7319.8 -1797.5

1970 338.7 391.8 -53.1 2005 6346.7 8863.2 -2516.5

1975 563.4 767.3 -203.9 2010 8625.8 13450.9 -4825.1

1980 1064.7 2051.2 -986.5 2015 10504.9 18934.6 -8429.7


112016 uehs-cQks

ixj¾Ok lghq;= i|yd wod< jHdmD;s l%shd;aul

lsÍug úfoaYSh Kh ,nd .ekSug isÿ ù we;' fï

fya;=fjka Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaY Kh wkqmd;h ksoyia

wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sfhka miq j fõ.fhka by< hk

nj oel .; yels h'

j.= wxl 7f;dard .;a j¾I lsysmhl úfoaYSh Kh wkqmd;h

^o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha m%;sY;hla f,i&

j¾IhúfoaYSh Kh

wkqmd; j¾Ih

úfoaYSh Kh

wkqmd;

1950 3.2 1985 57.6

1955 3.9 1990 72.0

1960 4.4 1995 66.7

1965 6.0 2000 54.5

1970 18.3 2005 46.5

1975 19.2 2010 37.8

1980 41.4 2015 54.4


by; ixLHdf,aLkj,g wkqj 1950 isg 1975 w;r

ld,h ;=< o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;hg idfmalaI j

úfoaYSh Kh wkqmd;h 20% blaujd ke;' 1975

§ o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fhka 19'2%l m%udKhla jQ

úfoaY Kh m%;sY;h 1980 jk úg fo.=Khlg jvd

úYd, m%udKhlska t kï o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fhka

41'4]l m%;sY;hla olajd by< f.dia we;'

j¾;udkh jk úg o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fhka

úfoaY Kh m%udKh 50% blaujd we;' tkï 2015

j¾Ifha oS 54'4% olajd by< f.dia we;' wd¾Ólh

f.da,ShlrKh ùfï m%;sM,hla f,i W.% jYfhka

úfoaY Kh m%udKh by< hEu fu rg wd¾Ólh Kh

W.=f,a meg,Sug we;s wjodku jeä lrkq ,nhs'

fï wkqj f.da,ShlrKh ;=< wd¾Ólhg isÿ jk

;j;a whym;a m%;sM,hla f,i fu rg wd¾Ólfha

Kh nr by< hEu fmkajhs' fu jeks ;;a;aj uQ,H

w¾nqoj,g o u. mEÈh yels lreKq fõ'

by; iuia;fha wjika m%;sM,h jkafka rdcH

whjeh mr;rh l%ñl j úYd, ùuhs' rcfha iuia;

úhoï m%udKh mshjd .ekSug ;rï rcfha wdodhï

uÜgu m%udKj;a fkd ùu fya;=fjka rdcH whjeh

ysÕh by< hEu isÿ fõ' by;ska i|yka l<

wdldrhg fj f<| fYaIh RK w.hla olajd .uka

lsÍu" rdcH Kh nr by< hdu" ta u; f.ùug

isÿ jk fmd,sh wêl ùu" rcfha iqnidOk úhoï

wdÈh rdcH úhoï by< hEug WmldÍ jk w;r

rdcH wdodhfuka úYd, m%udKhla j¾;udkh

jk úg Kh mshùug fjka lsÍug isÿ ù we;'

fuu .eg¨ j u;= ù we;af;a fu rg wd¾Ólh

f.da,ShlrKh ùfï m%jK;dj by< hdu;a iuÕ

hehs is;Su widOdrK fkdfõ'

j.= wxl 8f;dard .;a j¾I lsysmhl whjeh ysÕh fyda

w;sßla;h

^o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha m%;sY;hla f,i&

j¾Ih

rcfha whjeh

ysÕh fyda

w;sßla;h ^]&

j¾Ih

rcfha whjeh

ysÕh fyda

w;sßla;h ^]&

1950 -4.1 1985 -9.7

1955 2.2 1990 -7.8

1960 -6.1 1995 -8.7

1965 -5.0 2000 -9.5

1970 -6.4 2005 -7.0

1975 -6.4 2010 -7.0

1980 -19.2 2015 -7.4


1950 isg 1975 olajd rdcH whjeh mr;rh úYd,

jYfhka úp,khlg ,la fkd jQ w;r 1975 jk

úg tu w.h RK remsh,a ñ,shk 1698la muK

úh' tfy;a 1980 jk úg tljr u th b;d úYd,

jYfhka by< f.dia we;' tkï 1980 § rdcH whjeh

mr;rh RK remsh,a ñ,shk 12746la olajd by<

f.dia we;' 2015 j¾Ifha § rdcH whjeh mr;rh

RK remsh,a ñ,shk 830"000lg wdikak ù we;'

fï wkqj meyeÈ,s jkafka foaYSh wd¾Ólh f.da,Sh

fj f<|fmd<g újr ùfï m%jK;dj by< hk úg

ta ;=< wys;lr m%;sM, /ila we;s úh yels nj h'

by; lreKq ish,a, u iïmsKavkh l< úg

meyeÈ,s jk lreK jkafka rgl wd¾Ólh

f.da,ShlrKh jk úg tu ;;a;ajh tlS wd¾Ólhg

idOkSh fuka u ksfIaOkSh whqßka o n,mEï

12 2016 uehs-cQks

we;s lrk njhs' fuu ,smsfha by; fþo ;=< Y%S

,xldfõ wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh ùu iy tys

wd¾Óluh hym;a iy whym;a m%;súmdl lsysmhla

iSud iys; j úYaf,aIKh lrk ,§' f.da,ShlrKh

hkq j¾;udk f,dalfha lsisÿ wd¾Ólhlg mdfya

w;a ñÈh fkd yels ;;a;ajhls' tys,d foaYSh

wkkH;dj wdrlaId lr .ksñka f.da,ShlrKh

;=< Yla;su;a wd¾Ólhla f.dv ke.Sfï wjYH;dj

mQ¾K jYfhka ú.%yhg ,la l< hq;= lreKls'

idrdxYh

fuu ,smsfhys Wla; lreKq ish,a, iïmsKavkh

l< úg f.da,ShlrKh hkq iEu rgl u wd¾Ól

moaO;shg úYd, n,mEï lrkq ,nk f,dal

ixisoaêhla nj;a tys fijKe,s Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólh

;=< ms,sìUq jk nj;a m%;HlaI jkq ksiel h' f.da,Sh

wd¾Ólh ;=< Yla;su;a wNHka;r wd¾Ólhla f.dv

ke.Su t ;rï myiq ld¾hhla fkd fõ' Y%S ,xldj

.;aúg iudcjdoh fyda Okjdoh fyda hkq fu rg

ksIamkak wd¾Ól l%u fkd fõ' tjeks wd¾Ólhkaj,

úúO ,laIK Y%S ,xld cd;sl rdcH u; m;s; jkafka

wLKav f.da,ShlrKfha m%;sM,hla f,ihs' fï

wkqj i,ld n,k l, f.da,ShlrKh ;=< id¾:l

wd¾Ól l%uhla ia:dms; lsÍug f.da,ShlrK

n,mEu foaYSh jYfhka l<ukdlrKh lsÍfï

wjYH;dj ú.%y lsÍug fuu ,smsh W;aidy lrhs'

Bg fya;= jQfha wd¾Ól f.da,ShlrKfhka wfkl=;a

iEu wd¾Ólhlg fuka u Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ólhg

o by; idlÉ Pd l< wkaofï hym;a iy whym;a

m%;sM, Wodlr §uhs' wd¾Ól f.da,ShlrKh foaYSh

jYfhka l<ukdlrKh lsÍfï § my; .eg¨ j,g

wduka;%Kh lsÍu w;HjYH h'

f.da,ShlrKhg k;= jQ wd¾Ólhlg ndysr

wd¾Ól iu;=,s;;djg idfmalaI j wNHka;r

wd¾Ól iu;=,s;;dj mj;ajdf.k hEu b;d

wmyiq ld¾hhls' t kï cd;Hka;r lïmk foaYSh

wd¾Ólhg b;d Rcq n,mEï lsÍu fya;=fjka

foaYSh iu;=,s;;dj mj;ajdf.k hEu t ;rï

myiq fkdjkakla njhs' WodyrKhla f,i

wdpd¾h r.=rdï rdcka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ 67

jk idxj;aißl foaYkh mj;ajñka fmkajdfok

wkaoug ld¾ñl rgj, úhm;a ck.ykh jeäùfï

m%;sM,hla f,i tajdfha mßfNdack úhou wvq

ù th ke.S tk wd¾Ólhkaf.a wmkhkhkag

ksfIaOkd;aul j n,mEï we;s lrk nj fmkajd

Èh yels h' Y%S ,xldj o úfoaYSh fj f<|dfuka

úúO m%;s,dN ,nk rgla f,i rdcka fmkajd

fok neúka by; .eg¨ jg wduka;%Kh lsÍug

mQ¾j mshjrhka .; hq;= h' Y%S ,xldfõ wmkhk

ÈYdk;sh .;a úg th wefußld tlai;a ckmoh

yd hqfrdamh flakaø jQ l%fudamdhlska ieliqkls' t

fuka u tys ld¾ñl ksIamdok wmkhkh m%udKj;a

;rï uÜgul fkd mj;S' wd¾Ólh f.da,ShlrKh

ùfï l%shdj,sh id¾:l lr .ekSug kï wmkhk

ms<sn| jQ by; .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lsÍug Y%S ,xldj

wmkhk fj f<|fmd< m%idrKh lr .ekSu"

ld¾ñl ksIamdok lrd jeä keUqrejla oelaùu

wd§ l%fudamdhkag m%úIag úh hq;= h' wfkla w;g

f.da,ShlrKh ;=< cd;sl rdcHhla jYfhka iajdëk

j f.dv ke.Sfï § uQ,H iajdêm;Hh wdrlaId lr

.ekSug o yels jk mßÈ wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s rduqjla

ieliSu Y%S ,xldj me;af;ka ;j;a w;HjYH

ld¾hhls' t kï wêl Kh nr mokï fldg

we;s jk úfoaYSh n,mEfuka wdrlaId ùug yels

jk mßÈ úfoa Y wdfhdack f.kajd .ekSug yels

jk wdldrfha kuHYS,S fuka u wdrlaIs; wd¾Ól

m%;sm;a;s rduqjla ia:dmkh lsÍu f.da,ShlrKh

l<ukdlrKh lrñka tys idOkSh m%;sM, ,nd

.ekSug w;HjYHfhka u isÿ l< hq;a;ls' ˜The Road to a Free Economy˜ lD;sh rpkd lrñka

uydpd¾h hdfkdia flda¾kdhs úiska yxf.aßhdj

mokï lr.ksñka bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk my; woyi

ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu rgl wd¾Ólh

f.da,ShlrKh ùu ;=< th l<ukdlrKh l<

hq;af;a ukao hkak ms<sn| fmkajd §ug jeo.;a

fõ'

— ks,Odßjd§ ;yxÑ fhdod úfoaYSh m%d.aOkh rg

.ek olajk Wkkaÿj ke;s lr oukq fjkqjg

wm l< hq;af;a úfoaYSh m%d.aOkh ms<s.kakd iSud

meyeÈ,s j yd wjxl j m%ldY lsÍu;a ´kEjg jeä

wdl%uKYS,S hk wfma ixl,am meyeÈ,s j fmkajd

§u;a h'˜

fuu woyig wkqj meyeÈ,s jkafka wd¾Ól

f.da,ShlrKh hkak w;a y< fkd yels idOlhla

nj;a tys § foaYSh wjYH;dj úksúoNdjhlska

hqla; j cd;Hka;rhg ksrdjrKh l< hq;= nj;a

h' Y%S ,xldjg o wd¾Ól f.da,ShlrKh hkq ñÈh

fkd yels ;;a;ajhla jk w;r tys wjodkï

132016 uehs-cQks

l<ukdlrKh lr .ksñka ksjerÈ ÈYdk;shlg

Yla;su;a wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s rduqjla hgf;a cd;sl

wd¾Ólh l<ukdlrKh lsÍfï wjYH;dj jvd;a

;Sj% f,i oefkk hq.hla f,i j¾;udk mYapd;a

hqO wd¾Ólh y÷kd .; yels h'

wdY%s; .%ka: yd f,aLk

1' Franhel J. 2000 ˜Globalization of the Economy in J.S. Nye and J.D. Donahue (eds) Gove mance in a Globalizing world" Washington DC. The Brookings Institutions Press.

2. David Harvey, The Condition of Post modernity ^Oxford:Blackwell, 1989) as cited in R.J. Holton, Globalization and the Nation-state (London: Macmillan Press, 1988) P.8

3. Anthony Giddens, The Consequences of Modernity (Cambrige: Polity Press, 1990) P.64

4. Peter Dicken, Global Shift the Internationalization of Economic Activity ^London (Gviford Press, 1992)P.1, P.87, as cited in1. Clark, Globalization and International Relations theory (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), P.38

1' whsjka úlag¾" 2008 - w¾nqofha .uka u.

2' uy nexl= jd¾Isl jd¾;dj - 2014

3' rdcka Ô' r.=rdï - 2015 - f,dal uQ,H moaO;sh iy

;r. kS;s

4' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ 65 jeks ixj;aißl foaYkh -

Wmqgd .ekSu - www.cbsl.gov.lk

.uka u.

11

2016 ckjd˙ - fmnrjd˙ 1 - 2 l

,dmh

YS%% ,xld uy nexl=j" ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j

re' 20$-

wÆ;a igyka'''igyk i`.rdfõ 2016 ckjd˙ - fmnrjd˙ iy udr®;= - wfm%%a,aa l,dmj,ska YS%% ,xldfõ jHjydr uqof,a wdrïNh yd tys l%%ñl úldYkh ms<sn| ukd újrKhla b†˙m;a flfrhs' YS%% ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%%ldYk wf,ú ljqΩj,ska iy m%%Odk fmf<a fmd;ay,aj,ska ±ka ,nd.; yels h'

14 2016 uehs-cQks

iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd jQ fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kh[Common ATM Switch (CAS)]

cd;sl f.ùï hdka;%Kfha Wm hdka;%K w;˙ka m%:ufhka u fufyhqï lghq;= wdrïN lrk ,o iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd jQ fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kh u.ska Bg iïnkaO jk uQ,H wdh;kj, iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% fmd≥ miqìula hg;g f.k tñka tu hdka;%Kfha idud‚lhska w;r iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% fmd≥fõ Ndú;d ls¯fï yelshdj ,ndfokq ,nhs'

Ú hdka;%Kh u.ska ie,fik fiajd$myiqlï fuu hdka;%Khg hï uQ,H wdh;khla iïnkaO jQ úg tu uQ,H wdh;kfha .sKqï ysñhkag tu hdka;%Kfha isák fjk;a uQ,H

wdh;khl iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%hla yryd

- ;u .sKqfuka uqo,a wdmiq .ekSug

- ;u .sKqfï fYaIh m¯laId ls¯ug yels fõ'

Ú idud‚l;ajh ,nd.ekSuiajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd jQ fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kfha idud‚l;ajh fohdldrhlg jr®.SlrKh lr we;' idud‚l;ajh ,nd.ekSfï °" Á ,xld uy nexl=j úiska fufyhjkq ,nk ;;ald,Sk o< mshúï moaO;sfhys iyNd.s;aj wdh;k jk n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= fuu hdka;%Kfha m%d:ñl idud‚lhka f,i idud‚l;ajh ,nd.; hq;= fõ' wfkl=;a uQ,H wdh;k oaú;shsl idud‚lhska f,i m%d:ñl idud‚lfhl= yryd fuu hdka;%Kfha idud‚l;ajh ,nd .; hq;= fõ'

fuu ,smsfhys m<uq fldgi 2015 iema' - Tla' l,dmfha m< úh' fuu ,smsfhys wruqK jkafka cd;sl f.ùï hdka;%Kfha ±kg fufyhqï lghq;= wdrïN lr we;s iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd jQ fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kfha iy úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kfha fufyhqï lghq;= ms<sn| f;dr;=re b†˙m;a ls¯uhs'

fudllao fï CAS, CEFTS lshkafka@

à' tï' Wohka;s f;kakfldakafcHaIaG iyldr wOHCI

f.ùï iy mshùï fomd¾;fïka;=j

152016 uehs-cQks

uQ,H wdh;khla" ,xldla,shr® ^mqoa.,sl& iud.fuka fuu hdka;%Kfha idud‚l;ajh ,nd.;a miq tu uQ,H wdh;kh i;= iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% cd,h §,xldfma¶ fj; iïnkaO flfr®' tu ksid tu uQ,H wdh;kj, .kqfokqlrejkag ish .kqfokq" idud‚l;ajh ,nd isák ´kEu wdh;khl iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% yryd is≥ lr .ekSug wjia:dj ie,fia

Ú fufyhqï lghq;=ldâm;a iy wfkl=;a f.ùï wdY%s; fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kfha m%:u w†hr f,i iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd jq fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kfha i„ù fufyhqï lghq;= 2013 cQ,s ui 23 †k rdcH jd◊c nexl= foflys tkï" uyck nexl=fõ iy ,xld nexl=fõ iyNd.S;ajfhka wdrïN lrk ,°'

2015 iema;eïnr® ui wjidk jk úg" fuu iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Khg m%d:ñl idud‚lhska f,i nexl= 11 la iïnkaO ù isá w;r oaú;Shsl idud‚lhska f,i tla uQ,H wdh;khla idud‚l;ajh ,ndf.k we;' ta wkqj fuu hdka;%Khg iïnkaO ù we;s iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% ixLHdj 2500 blaujd we;s w;r fuh uqΩ iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%j,ska 80] la muK fõ'

iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Khg ±kg iïnkaO ù fkdue;s uQ,H wdh;k w;˙ka iuyr wdh;k" tu hdka;%Khg iïnkaO ùu i|yd ish iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%j, ;dlaI◊l wjYH;djka iïmQr®K lrñka isà' ;j;a iuyr uQ,H wdh;k fuu hdka;%Khg iïnkaO ùu i|yd ,xldla,shr® ^mqoa.,sl& iud.u iuÛ ie,iqï lrñka isà'

ixLHd igyk 1iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd jQ fmd≥

hdka;%Kfha idud‚lhska(

^2015 iema;eïnr® wjidk jk úg&

1' uyck nexl=j - ^2013 cQ,s 23&

2' ,xld nexl=j - ^2013 cQ,s 23&

3' hQkshka nexl=j - ^2013 iema;eïnr® 05&

4' fi,dka nexl=j - ^2014 ckjd˙ 30&

5' yegka keIk,a nexl=j - ^2014 wfm%a,a 04&

6' keIk,a äjf,dmaukaÜ nexl=j - ^2014 cQks 23&

7' fldur®I,a nexl=j - ^2014 cQks 27&

8' iagEkavr®â pdr®gâ nexl=j ^2014 fkdjeïnr® 24&

9' fkaIkaia g%iaÜ nexl=j - ^2014 fkdjeïnr® 26&

10' ld.s,aia nexl=j - ^2015 wfm%a,a 07&

11' yîí nexl=j - ^2015 uehs 06&

12' m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok nexl=j ^2015 iema;eïnr® 02& ^oaú;aj idud‚l&

^ta ta uQ,H wdh;kh tu hdka;%Khg iïnkaO jQ †kh jryka ;=< olajd we;'&

Ú hdka;%Kh yryd .kqfokq ls¯fuka w;ajk jdis

˚' .kqfokq ms˙jeh wvqùu yd úfoaY úksuh b;s˙ ùu'

óg fmr o i|yka lrk ,o m˙† iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh ia:dms; ls¯ug fmr" hï .kqfokqlrejl=g ;udf.a f.ùï ldâm;" th ksl=;a lrk ,o uQ,H wdh;kh yer rg ;=< mj;sk fjk;a uQ,H wdh;khl iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%hla yryd Ndú; lrñka .kqfokq is≥ l< wji:djl° tu .kqfokq ksIaldYkh Á ,xldj ;=< is≥ls¯u i|yd fmd≥ hdka;%Khla fkd;sì◊' tuksid tjeks .kqfokqj, ksIaldYkh cd;Hka;r cd, iemhqïlrejka ^W∞(Visa, MasterCard, Amex wd°& u.ska is≥ lrk ,°' Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,H wdh;k úiska fuu fiajh ,nd.ekSu i|yd tu cd;Hka;r cd, iemhqïlrejkag uqo,a f.jd moaO;sj,

16 2016 uehs-cQks

idud‚l;ajh ,nd .ekSug;a" ;u .kqfokqlrejkaf.a .kqfokqj,g w∞< f;dr;=re cd, yryd yqjudre ùu fjkqfjka iEu .kqfokq jdrhla i|ydu ;j;a wu;r .dia;=jla úfoaY úksuh Ndú;fhka f.ùug;a is≥ úh' ta wkqj" tjeks .kqfokqjla fjkqfjka .kqfokqlrejl=g re' 50 - 200 w;r úhoula ±¯ug is≥úh' tfy;a §,xldfma¶ u.ska iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh y∫kajd °u;a iu`. .kqfokq ksIaldYk lghq;= ,xldfma yryd ,xldla,shr® ^mqoa.,sl& iud.u foaYShj is≥ls¯u;a iu`. fuu lghq;= ksIaldYkh fjkqfjka jeh jQ úfoaY úksuh b;s˙ fõ' ta fya;=fjka uQ,H wdh;kj,g .kqfokqjla fjkqfjka ±¯ug is≥jk ms˙jeh o wvq ù we;' ta ;=<ska .kqfoklrejkag o wvq ms˙jehlg fiajh i,id .; yels ù we;'

˚˚' iïm;a Wmfhdackh by< hEu

wvq ms˙jehlg ;u .kqfokq ls¯ug yelsùu;a iu`. .kqfokqlrejka iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; .kqfokqj,° ;u .sKqu mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk nexl=fõ iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%hla fj; u hEfï keUqrej wvqfjñka mj;S' th .kqfokqlrejkaf.a

ld,h b;s˙ lr.ekSug fya;= fõ' Tjqka fmd≥fõ iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% Ndú;d ls¯ug fm<öu ;=<ska rg ;=< msysgqjd we;s iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% ^ATMs& Wm˙u jYfhka Wmfhdackh ùu iy ta ;=<ska há;, myiqlï fmd≥fõ Ndú;d ls¯ug wjia:dj ie,iSu is≥fõ'

˚˚˚' f.ùï lafIa;%h ;=< foaYSh wkkH;djla iys; moaO;shla ia:dmkh ùu

fuu hdka;%Kh YS% ,dxlsl wkkH;djhlska rg ;=< .kqfokq ksIaldYkh ls¯u ksid úfoaY cd, iemhqïlrejka u; /¢hdj wvqlr .; yels jkq we;'

.kqfokq lghq;=

iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kh wdrïNfha isg 2015 iema;eïnr® olajd tu hdka;%Kh yryd is≥ l< .kqfokq m%udKh ^udislj& my; igyfkka ±lafõ'

fufyhqï lghq;=

fuu hdka;%Kh yryd flfrk .kqfokqj, Y=oaO ksIaldYk fYaI ms<sn| f;dr;=re †klg

rEm igyk 01

iajhxlS%%h fg,r® hka;%% wdYs%%; fiajd i|yd jQQ fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%%Kh yryd is≥l< .kqfokq m%%udKh

2"000"000

1"000"000

2013 2014 2015

wf.da(

foi

e(

wfm%%a,a

wfm%%a,a(

wf.da(

wf.da(

wf.da(

wf.da(

Tl

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172016 uehs-cQks

Ú ,xldfma iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hkak% cd,h yryd .kqfokqlrejl= uqo,a wdmiq .ekSu 02 jeks rEm igyfkys ±lafõ'

Ú kshdukh

÷ iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kfha fufyhqï lghq;= iïnkaOfhka ,xldla,shr® ^mqoa.,sl& iud.u iy tlS idud‚lhka l%shd l< hq;af;a flfiao hkak olajñka" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska §2013 wxl 01 ork iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd fmd≥ hdka;%Kfha fufyhqï lghq;= ms<sn| fmd≥ úêúOdk¶ ksl=;a lr we;'

÷ iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fmd≥ hdka;%Kh u.ska .kqfokq ls¯fï °" ta i|yd wh l< yels Wm˙u .dia;= ms<sn|j Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska §2014 wxl 01 ork iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd

rEm igyk 02 uqo,a wdmiq .ekSu

úiska tu iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% fiajdj iemhQ wdh;khg" tkï" uQ,H w;am;alreg ^Finacial Acquirer& wka;r® yqjudre .dia;=jla ^Interchange Fees& o" tfia l< .kqfokqjlg .kqfokqlref.a nexl=j ^ldâm;a ksl=;a lrkakd& úiska .kqfokqlref.ka ^ldâm;a ysñhdf.ka& tu myiqlu iemhSu fjkqfjka .dia;=jla o whlrkq ,nhs' by; i|yka fmd≥ úêúOdk u.ska kshu l< m˙† tfia wh l< yels Wm˙u .dka;= 2 jeks ixLHd igyfkys ±lafõ'

fojrla ,xldla,shr® ^mqoa.,sl& iud.u Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j fj; fhduq lrhs' ta wkqj" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j" ;;ald,sk o< mshùï moaO;sh RTGS& yryd †klg fojrla tu Y=oaO w.hka w∞< jd◊c nexl=j,g yr fyda ner lrhs' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska fufyhjkq ,nk f.ùï moaO;sh yryd fï hdka;%Kfha Y=oaO fYaIhka mshfjk fyhska .kqfokq mshúïj, wj∞ku wju ùu hdka;%Kh ms<sn| úYajikSh;ajh ;yjqre ùug fya;= ù we;'

1' 2013 wxl 02 ork iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh u.ska is≥ lrk .kqfokq i|yd wh l< yels .dia;= ms<sn| fmd≥ úêúOdkh m%;sia:dmkh lrñka fuu fmd≥ úúêOdkh ksl=;a lr we;s w;r th 2014 fmnrjd˙ 25 †k isg n,d;aul fõ' fuu kj fmd≥ úêúOdkfhka Bg fmr ksl=;a l< fmd≥ úêúOdkh u.ska mkjk ,o .dia;= ixfYdaOkh ls¯ula is≥lr we;'

i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh u.ska is≥ lrk .kqfokq i|yd wh l< yels .dia;= ms<sn| fmd≥ úêúOdk¶1 ksl=;a lr we;'

Ú .kqfokq yd .dia;=

.kqfokqlrejl=" fjk;a nexl=jl iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%hla Ndú;d ls¯fï ° ^W∞( uqo,a wdmiq .ekSfï ° fyda .sKqfï fYaIh m˙laId ls¯fï °& ta fjkqfjka .kqfokqlref.a ldâm; ksl=;a l< wdh;kh ^Card Issuer&

A nexl=j" x .kqfokqlref.a .sKqu yr ls¯u

A nexl=fõ" x .kqfokqlre" B nexl=fõ

iajhxlS%%h fg,r® hka;%%h Ndú;d lr uqo,a .ekSu

A nexl=j ^ldâm;a ksl=;a lrkakd&

B nexl=j" ^uQQ,H w;am;alre&

2 1

3 4

18 2016 uehs-cQks

fiajdj$.dia;=j

uqo,a wdmiq .ekSfï tla jdrhla i|yd

(For cash withdrawals

fYaI ms˙laiqula

i|yd ^For

balance inquires)

ldâm;a ksl=;a lrkakl=g .kqfokqlref.ka wh l< yels Wm˙u .dia;=j ^Max.fees charged from the customer by issuer&

Rs. 30.00 Rs. 7.50

uQ,H w;am;alrejl=g ldâm;a ksl=;a lrkakdf.ka wh l< yels Wm˙u wka;r® yqjudre .dia;=j ^Max. interchange fee charged by financial acquirer from the card issuer&

Rs. 35.00 Rs. 10.00

by; .kqfokqj i|yd ^2 jeks rEm igyk& uQ,H w;am;alreg ^B nexl=jg& ldâm;a ksl=;a lrkakdf.ka ^tkï A nexl=fjka& wh l< yels Wm˙u wka;r® yqjudre .dia;=j re' 35'00 la jk w;r ldâm;a ksl=;alrkakdg ^tkï A nexl=jg& .kqfokqlref.ka wh l< yels Wm˙u uqo, re' 30'00 la fõ'

Ú ,xldfma iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% cd,h yryd .kqfokqlrefjl= fYaIh ms˙laiSula is≥ ls¯u 03 jeks rEm igyfkys ±lafõ'

by; fYaI ms˙laiqu i|yd ^03 jeks rEm igyk& uQ,H w;am;alreg tkï" B nexl=j& ldâm;a ksl=;a lrkakdf.ka ^tkï A nexl=fjka& whl< yels Wm˙u wka;r® yqjudre .dia;=j re' 10'00 la jk w;r ldâm;a ksl=;a lrkakdg ^tkï A nexl=j& .kqfokqlref.ka whl< yels Wm˙u .dia;=j re' 7'50 la fõ'

fufia iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh y∫kajd°u;a iuÛ nexl= w;r foaYShj is≥jk .kqfokqj, ksIaldYkh ;j≥rg;a úfoaYSh cd, iemhqïlrejka u.ska is≥lr .; hq;= fkdjk fyhska tu cd;Hka;r cd, iemhqïlrejkag f.ùug is≥jk úfoaY úksuh b;s˙ lr .ekSug;a .kqfokqlrejkag wvq ms˙jehlg myiqlï ,nd.ekSug;a yels ù we;' fï ;=<ska cd;Hka;r cd, iemhqïlrejka u; mej;s mrdh;a;;dj wvqlr .ekSgu yelsùu rgla f,i jeo.;a jkq we;' ;jo" fu u.ska uQ,H wdh;k

rEm igyk 3 - fYaI m¯laIdj

úiska rg ;=< ia:dms; lr we;s iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% Wm˙u Od˙;djfhka Wmfhdaackh ls¯ug;a uÛ mE° we;' ta wkqj" nexl=j, .kqfokqlrejka foaYShj is≥lrk .kqfokq Y%S ,dxlsl wkkH;djla iys; foaYSh moaO;shla ;=<ska ksIaldYkh ls¯u Y%S ,xldj úoHq;a f.ùï lafIa;%fha ;enQ ch.%dyS b†˙ mshjrla f,i ye¢kaúh yelsh'

A nexl=fõ" X .kqfokqlre" B nexl=fõ

iajhxlS%%h fg,r® hka;%%h Ndú;d lr fYaIh ms˙laiSu

A nexl=j ^ldâm;a ksl=;a lrkakd&

B nexl=j" ^uQQ,H w;am;alre&

2 1

3 4

ixLHd igyk 2( iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd wh l<

yels Wm˙u .dia;= ^n≥ we;=Ωj&

192016 uehs-cQks

úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh [Common Electronic Fund Traìfer Switch (CEFTS)

úoHq;a f.ùï lafIa;%%fha jeo.;a ikaêia:dkhla iksgqyka lrñka ldâm;a yd f.ùï wdYs%; fmd≥ hdka;%Kfha fojk fukau jeo.;au Wm hdka;%Kh f,i úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh wdrïN lrk ,°'

hdka;%Kfha wdrïNh

Á ,xldfõ nexl= w;r úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯ï ;;ald,Skj mshùu i|yd cd;sl uÜgfï lsis≥ l%%ufõohla óg fmr fkd;snq◊' tkï"

fkdyels úh' .kqfokqlrejl=g ;;ald,Sk .kqfokqjla ls¯ug wjYH kï óg fmr Ndú;d l< yels l%ufõoh jQfha ;;ald,Sk o< mshùï moaO;sh ^RTGS& yryd th is≥ ls¯uhs' tys° wruqo,a mej¯u" tu moaO;sfha idud‚l wdh;khla ^nexl=jla& u.ska l< hq;= jk w;r myiqlu ,nd°u ta ta nexl=j úiska kshu lr we;s fõ,djkaj,g iSud fõ' ;jo" .kqfokqjla i|yd nexl= ie,lsh hq;= .dia;=jla .kqfokqlref.ka wh lrhs' tneúka th ffoksl iqΩ m˙udK .kqfokq i|yd úhoï wêl l%ufõohla o fõ'

úoHq;a uqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh fyj;a fiµaÜia wdrïN ùu;a iu`. .kqfokqlrejl=g wka;r®cd,h fyda cx.u ≥rl:k mokï lr.;a nexl= lghq;= fyda iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% hk ´kEu úoHq;a f.ùï udOHhla Ndú;d lrñka fjk;a nexl=jl .sKqï ysñfhl=g ;;ald,Skju ^on Real Time Basis& wruqo,a mej˙h yels fõ' fï ;=<ska .kqfokq mshùu fõ.j;aj is≥ls¯fï yelshdj .kqfokqlrejkag ,efí'

Ú idud‚l;ajh

hdka;%Kfha idud‚l;ajh ,nd.ekSfï °" ;;ald,Sk o< mshùï moaO;sfhys iyNd.S;aj wdh;khla jk ´kEu n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kfha m%d:ñl idud‚lfhl= f,i iïnkaO úh hq;= w;r wfkl=;a uQ,H wdh;k oaú;Shsl idud‚l;ajh m%d:ñl idud‚lfhl= yryd ,nd .; h;= fõ'

Ú kshdukh

2014 wxl 2 ork úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kfha fufyhqï lghq;= ms<sn| fmd≥ úêúOdk u.ska tu hdka;%Kfha lghq;= iïnkaOfhka ,xldla,shr® ^mqoa.,sl& iud.u yd hdka;%Kfha idud‚lhska úiska ±˙h hq;= j.lSï yd fjk;a fmd≥ lreKq o olajd we;' tu fmd≥ úêúOdk 2005 wxl 28 ork f.ùï yd fíreï ls¯fï moaO;s mkf;a 44 jk

y˙ mq≥uhs' tÉpr blaukg ug i,a,s wdjd'''''

y˙'''' y˙'''''Tkak uu Lankapay CEFTS yryd i,a,s tjkjd'

9.30 pm

9.30 pm

hï uQ,H wdh;khl .kqfokqlrejl= tu uQ,H wdh;kfhau fjk;a .kqfokqlrejl=g wruqo,a mej¯ula ^Fund Transfer& l< úg ;;ald,Skj fomdr®Yjfha yr yd ner ùï is≥ jqjo tu .kqfokqlre fjk;a nexl=jl .kqfokqlrejl=g wruqo,a mjrk úfgl Bg w∞< .sKqug ner ls¯u ;;ald,Skj l<

20 2016 uehs-cQks

j.ka;sh hgf;a Á ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,h úiska ksl=;a lr we;s w;r" th 2014 iema;eïnr® 01 †k isg n,d;aul úh' úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh yryd flfrk .kqfokq i|yd wh l< yels .dia;= ms<sn| 2015 wxl 1 ork f.ùï iy fíreï ls¯fï moaO;s pl%f,aLh ksl=;a lr we;' th 2015 wf.daia;= 1 jk †k isg n,d;aul fõ'

Ú .dia;=

úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh yryd .kqfokqlrejl=" tla nexl=jlska$uQ,H wdh;khlska" fjk;a nexl=jlg$uQ,H wdh;khlg wruqo,a mej¯ul°" tu .kqfokqj hdka;%K .dia;=jlg ^Switching Fee& o" úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh yryd .kqfokqlrejl= fjk;a nexl=jl$uQ,H wdh;khl iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%hla Ndú;fhka .kqfokqjla lrk úg tu .kqfokqj" wka;r® yqjudre .dia;=jlg ^Interchange Fee& o hgf;a fõ' ta ta .kqfokqfõ iajNdjh wkqj hdka;%K .dia;= iy wka;r® yqjudre .dia;= wh lrkq ,efí'

uy nexl=j úiska .kqfokqlrefjl=f.ka wh l< yels Wm˙u .dia;=j ms<sn| iSud mkjd we;s w;r tla .kqfokq jdrhl° mjrkq ,nk wruqof,a Wm˙uh remsh,a ñ,shk 5 fkd blauúh hq;= h' w∞< .dia;= 03 jeks ixLHd igyfkys olajd we;'

÷ úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh yryd .kqfokqlrejl= wruqo,a mej¯u 04 jeks rEm igyfkys ±lafõ'

fuys° A nexl=fõ .kqfokqlrejl= ^X .kqfokqlre& A nexl=j i;= úoHq;a f.ùï udOHhla yryd fjk;a nexl=jl .kqfokqlrejl=g tkï" B nexl=fõ Y .kqfokqlreg wruqo,a mej¯ul ° ^Fund Transfer& A nexl=j" X .kqfokqlref.a .sKqu yr lr tu m◊jqqvh ,xldfma ^LankaPay& yryd uqo,a ,nk .sKqïysñhdf.a nexl=jg ^B nexl=jg& okajhs' túg uqo,a ,nkakdf.a nexl=j B nexl=j&" uqo,a ,eìh hq;= mqoa.,hdf.a .sKqug ^Y.kqfokqlreg& tu uqo,a m%udKh ner lrhs' .dia;= ms<sn| Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j ksl=;a l< pl%f,aLh wkqj" fuu .kqfokqj

ixLHd igyk 3 - .dia;=

úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh yryd wruqo,a mej¯fï° .kqfokqlref.ka wh l< yels Wm˙u .dia;=(

.kqfokq mej¯ï udOHh.kqfokqlref.ka

wh l< yels Wm˙u .dia;=

.kqfokqlref.a nexl=fjys iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%" wka;r®cd,h mokï lr.;a nexl= lghq;= u.ska iy cx.u ≥rl:k mokï lr.;a nexl= lghq;= u.ska wruqo,a mej¯u'

re' 50'00

úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kfha isák idud‚lfhl=f.a iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%hla Ndú;d lr wruqo,a mej¯u'

re' 100'00

nexl= ljqΩj fj; f.dia wruqo,a mej¯u re' 100'00

212016 uehs-cQks

i|yd .kqfokqlref.ka wh l< yels Wm˙u .dia;=j re' 50'00 la fõ'

;jo" fuys ° A kue;s nexl=fõ X kue;s .kqfokqlre" B nexl=fõ iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%hla Ndú;d lr" B nexl=fõ Y kue;s .kqfokqlrejl=g wruqo,a mej¯u is≥ l<fyd;a" A nexl=fõ .kqfokqlref.a ^X f.ka& wh l< yels W˙mu .dia;=j re' 100'00la fõ'

tfiau fuu .kqfokqfõ° by; X .kqfokqlre ;u nexl=fõ tkï A nexl=fõ nexl= ljqΩjg f.dia ta yryd B nexl=fõ .kqfokqlrejl=g wruqo,a mej¯ula is≥l< fyd;a .kqfokqlre re' 100'00 l Wm˙u .dia;=jlg hg;a fõ'

Ú fufyhqï lghq;=

fuu hdka;%Kfha i„j fufyhqï lghq;= 2015 wf.daia;= 21 †k n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= 5 l iy nexl= fkdjk uqo,a iud.ï 2 l iyNd.S;ajfhka wdrïN lrk ,°' fï jk úg ±kg iïnkaO ù fkdue;s tfy;a b†˙fha ° iïnkaO ùug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk uQ,H wdh;k tu ldr®hfha úúO w†hr miqlrñka isà'

úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh (CEFTS) u.ska w;ajk jdis

• wka;r®cd,h" cx.u ≥rl:k iy iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% jeks úúO úoHq;a udOHhka u.ska is≥lrk nexl= lghq;= fmd≥ há;, myiqlï iys; miqìulg f.k tau ;=<ska ´kEu úoHq;a f.ùï udOHhla Ndú;d lr .kqfokqlreg ;u

rEm igyk 4 wruqo,a mej¯u

A nexl=j" X .kqfokqlref.a .sKqug yr ls¯u

B nexl=j" Y .kqfokqlref.a .sKqug ner ls¯u

X .kqfokqlre Y .kqfokqlreixLHd igyk 4(

úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kfha idud‚lhska

^2016 ckjd˙ wjidkhg&

m%d:ñl idud‚lhska

1' uyck nexl=j ^2015 wf.daia;= 21&

2' ,xld nexl=j ^2015 wf.daia;= 21&

3' yegka keIk,a nexl=j ^2015 wf.daia;= 21&

4' fldur®I,a nexl=j ^2015 wf.daia;= 21&

5' ld.s,aia nexl=j ^2015 foieïnr® 01&

6. HSBC nexl=j ^2016 ckjd˙ 21&

oaú;aj idud‚lhska(

1. LOLC µhskEkaia ^2015 wf.daia;= 21&

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^ta ta uQ,H wdh;kh tu hdka;%Khg iïnkaO jq †kh jryka ;=< olajd we;'&

22 2016 uehs-cQks

.sKqfuka wruqo,a mej¯u;a ;u .sKqug fjk;a wfhl=f.a wruqo,a ,eîu;a ;;ald,Skj is≥ l< yels úu'

• ,xldla,shr® mqoa.,sl& iud.u foaYSh .kqfokq ksIaldYkh i|yd cd, myiqlï iemhSu;a iuÛ cd;Hka;r cd, iud.ï i|yd f.jQ úfoaY úksuh b;s˙ lr .ekSug yels ùu'

• rg ;=< úoHq;a f.ùï lghq;= jvd ldr®hlaIuùu;a úoHq;a f.ùï lafIa;%fha há;, myiqlï Wmfhdackh jeä lr .ekSug;a fï ;=<ska wjia:dj ie,iSu'

• Á ,xldfõ m%:u jrg .kqfokqlrejl=g ;u nexl=jg fkdf.dia" ;ud leu;s by; i|yka l< ´kEu úoHq;a f.ùï udOHhla Ndú;d lrñka fjk;a nexl=jl .sKqï ysñfhl=g ;;ald,Skj wruqo,a mej¯ug;a tjeks wfhl=f.ka wruqo,a ,eîug;a myiqlula ysñ ùu'

• úoHq;a wruqo,a yd cx.u ≥rl:k wdY%s; f.ùï i|yd Y%S ,dxlsl wkkH;djla iys; moaO;shla ia:dmkh ls¯ug yels ùu'

• úúO úoHq;a udOHh u.ska is≥ lrk nexl= lghq;= i|yd Y%S ,dxlsl wkkH;djla iys; fmd≥ há;, myiqlï moaO;shla ia:dmkh ls¯ug yels ùu'

fï wkqj ldâm;a iy wfkl=;a f.ùï wdY%s; fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kfhys wfkl=;a Wm hdka;%K b†˙ wkd.;fha ° ia:dms; ls¯u;a iuÛ fuh Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl f.ùï hdka;%Kh ^National Payment Switch) f,i lghq;= lrñka Y%S ,xldfõ f.ùï lafIa;%fhys kj hq.hla W∞ lrkq we;'’

232016 uehs-cQks

úfYaI igyk - úÿ,sn, W;amdokh i|yd mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s

ye¢kaùu

mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaj,1 we;s ;sridr;ajh" wdr®:ßl m%;s,dN iy úfYAIfhka u tu.ska m˙irh u; jk wvq whym;a n,mEu wjfndaO lr .ksñka miq.sh oYl lsysmh mqrd ixjr®ê; fukau ixjr®Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj, mqkr®ckSkh n,Yla;Ska Ndú;d ls¯u jr®Okh ls¯fï by< keUqrejla olakg úh' fï ksid" f,dalfha uqΩ ú≥,sn, W;amdokfhka mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;sSkaf.a odhl;ajh 2005 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 19'4 g idfmalaIj 2014 jifr® ° 23'6 la olajd by< f.dia we;'

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ixj¾Okfha m%;s,dN

mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s tys wfõ◊l iajNdjh ;=<ska u ;sridrl;ajh" wkd.; ld,.=◊l wdrlaIs;Ndjh" wdr®:ßl jr®Okh by< kexùu" kj /lshd ksr®udKh ls¯u iy udkj iqN idOk jr®Okh ls¯u wd° úúOdldr m%;s,dN ,nd fohs' fuu mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s u.ska f.da,Sh n,Yla;s ixl,kh ldnkayrKh ls¯u ;=<ska f.da,Sh ldnka jr®Okh wvq ls¯u i|yd jeo.;a ldr®hNdrhla bgq lrhs' miq.sh oYl lsysmh ;=<" f,dj mqrd „jk ;;a;aj by< hEu fya;=fjka ú≥,sh W;amdokh i|yd we;s f.da,Sh b,aÆu ck.yk jr®Okhg jvd jeä fõ.hlska by< f.dia we;' fuu jeä jk b,aÆfuka úYd, fldgila m˙irhg ydkslr fmdis, bkaOk oykh yryd imqrd .eks◊' tA ksid" y˙;d.dr jdhq úfudapk wvq ls¯ug f,dal uÜgfï W;aidyhka †˙u;a lrñka jdhqf.da,Sh y˙;d.dr jdhq idkaøKh jeä ùu u.ska foaY.=◊l úmr®hdi ùug we;s ;r®ckh ms<sn|j jr®Okh jk iïuq;shla mj;S' .,aw`.=re" f;,a yd iajdNdúl jdhq u.ska n,Yla;s W;amdokh ;=<ska úfudapkh jk idudkH ldnkavfhdlaihsâ ;Sj%;dj" ms<sfj<ska" lsf,dafjdÜ mehlg .%Eï 960" 800 iy 450 jk w;r mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska u.ska ldnkavfhdlaihsâ úfudapkh fkdflfr®2' f,dj mqrd wdr®:ßlhkaf.a wdr®:ßl jr®Okh ldnkayrKh

1 mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s hkq ysre t<sh" iq<x" jeis" jv†h nd†h ;rx. yd N+ ;dmh jeks udkj ld,m˙Éf√ohla ;=< iajdNdúlju iliajk f,i iïm;aj,ska Wmojk Yla;s wdldrhls'

2 oykfha ° úfudapkh jk ldnkavfhdlaihsâ Ydl kej; jeãfï ° kej; Wrd .kak neúka" Y=oaO mokñka .;a úg ffcj ialkaO yryd ú≥,sn, W;amdokfha † ldnkavfhdlaihsâ úfudapkh Y+kH fõ'

;=<ska w;alr .ekSu iy;sl lrñka" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ;sridr ixjr®Ok b,lalj, y;ajk b,lalh ;=<ska mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s ixjr®Okh wjOdrKh lrhs' mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaf.a odhl;ajh jeä ls¯u ;=<ska ldnkavfhdlaihsâ úfudapkh ie,lsh hq;= f,i wju lrk w;r" tu.ska f.da,Sh WIaK;ajh by< ke.Su wju lrñka úkdYld¯ foaY.=◊l úmr®hdi we;sùu j<lajkq we;'

;sridr ixjr®Okh iy n,Yla;s iqrlaIs;Ndjh ms<snò ikaor®Nh ;=< mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaj, N+ñldj jvd;a jeo.;a njg m;a ù we;' 2030 jir jk úg f.da,Sh n,Yla;s ixl,kfha mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;sj, odhl;ajh fo.=K lr .ekSu ;=<ska f.da,Sh o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h wjika Wmfhdackhkays by< wkqmd;hla ú≥,sh Ndú;fhka is≥lr .ekSu o Wmld¯ lr .ksñka ishhg 1'1 lska jeä lrk nj wk;r®cd;sl mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s wdh;kh ÎRENA& mqfrdal:kh lrhs' rfgys n,Yla;s iqrlaIs;Ndjh o by< kxjk foaYSh uQ,dY% u; jeä jYfhka r`∞ mj;sk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s W;amdokh †˙.ekaùu ;=<ska f;,a wdkhkh lrk rgj, wdr®:ßlhka u; hym;a /<s;s n,mEï ^ripple effects& we;s lrñka fj<ò fYaIhka jeä †hqKq lr .ekSug Wmld¯ jk w;r foaYSh w.h tl;= ls¯u yd /lshd wjia:d o ksr®udKh lrhs' mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;sh ixjr®Okh yryd fµdis, bkaOk ;dlaIKhkag jvd jeä /lshd wjia:d ksr®udKh lrk w;r tu.ska by< l=i,;dj,ska hq;a Y%u n,ldh iòyd muKla fkdj m%cdj mokï lr.;a m%fõYhka yryd wvq wdodhï,dNS mjq,a iòyd o /lshd wjia:d Wod lrhs' WodyrKhla f,i" .,aw`.=re fyda iajdNdúl jdhq n,Yla;Skag idfmalaIj iQr®h m%ldY fjda,aàh;d n,Yla;s yryd fo.=Khlska /lshd wjia:d ksr®udKh lrhs' tjeks fndfyda /lshd ksr®udKh jkqfha ±j jeks bkaOk iemhSu ;=<ska iy w.h tl;= l< foaYSh ;dlaIKhka yryd WmlrK iúls¯u yd ksIamdokh ls¯u ;=<sks' ;jo" mqkr®ckkSh ;dlaIKhka yg wvq iïfm%aIK ydks ùula we;sj ú≥,sn, moaO;shg iïnkaê; fkdjQ ú≥,sn, fiajdjka ,nd°ug we;s yelshdj fya;=fjka tAjd .%dóh yd ≥Ialr m%foaYj,g ú≥,sn,h ,nd°u iòyd jvd;a .e<fmk

24 2016 uehs-cQks

w;r tu.ska M,odhs Ndú;hka m%jr®Okh" wOHdmkhg fm<Uùu" kùk ikaksfõok ;dlaIKhkag m%fõYh we;s ls¯u yd kj wdr®:ßl wjia:d /ila ksr®udKh ls¯u ;=<ska .%dóh ixjr®Okhg myiqlï i,iñka †<s`≥lu wju lrhs'

úÿ,sn, W;amdokfha ixhq;sh iy cd;sl n,Yla;s m%;sm;a;sh

Y%S ,xldj ;=< ú≥,sn, W;amdokh 1990 jir w. olajd uQ,sl jYfhka c, ú≥,sh yryd is≥úh' flfia jqj o" wdr®:ßl jr®Okh iy jeä jk ú≥,sn,h iòyd jk

m%fõYhg wkql+,j ú≥,sn,h iòyd jk b,aÆu jeä ùu fya;=fjka 1980 oYlfha uq,a Nd.fha isg ;dm ú≥,s n,d.dr cd;sl ú≥,sn, moaO;shg tla lrk ,†3' 2015 wjika jk úg" Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk c, ú≥,sn,

3 hdmkh wr®Ooaùmhg ú≥,sn,h iemhSu iòyd jqkakdlï ;dm ú≥,sn,d.drh 1958 jifr® ° ia:dmkh l< o 1973 jk f;la hdmkh wr®Ooaùmh cd;sl ú≥,sn, moaO;shg iïnkaO ù fkd;snq◊'

ia:dms; Od˙;dj fu.dfjdÜ 1"377 jQ w;r bkaOk f;,a" .,aw`.=re iy iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s ia:dms; Od˙;djhka ms<sfj<ska fu.dfjdÜ 1"115" fu.dfjdÜ 900 iy fu.dfjdÜ 458 la jQy' idïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska" fu.dfjdÜ 306'7 l l=vd c, ú≥,sn,hlska" fu.dfjdÜ 126'9 l iq<x n,hlska" fu.dfjdÜ 13'1 l ffcj ialkaO n,hlska" fu.dfjdÜ 10'5 l fvkaâfrda4 n,hlska iy fu.dfjdÜ 1'4 l iQr®h n,hlska iukaú; fõ'

Y%S ,xldj ±kgu;a tys m%Odk c, ú≥,sn, úNjhka ixjr®Okh lr we;s w;r" l%shd;aul fjñka mj;sk m%Odk jHdmD;s yryd fu.dfjdÜ 186 l jeä Od˙;djla muKla moaO;shg tl;= l< yels jkq we;' tA ksid" jr®;udkfha Y%S ,xld cd;sl n,Yla;s m%;sm;a;sh yd Wmdh udr®. iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska ms<snò wjOdkh fhduq lr we;' 2015 jir jk úg iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska yryd iuia; ú≥,sn, W;amdokfhka ishhg 10 la W;amdokh ls¯fï cd;sl n,Yla;s m%;sm;a;sfhys m<uq b,lalh" tu uQ,sl m%;sm;a;s ilia l< 2006 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 3'7 g idfmalaIj fï jkúg idr®:l f,i ishhg 11'2 l odhl;ajhla olajd th <`.d ù we;' miqj" tu b,lalh" 2020 jir jk úg ishhg 20 l odhl;ajhla <.d lr .eksu iòyd ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°' uE;l ° rch úiska ilia l< ±kqu u; mokï wdr®:ßlh iòyd Y%S ,xld n,Yla;s wxYfha ixjr®Ok ie,eiau( 2015-2025 u.ska mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaf.a mQr®K úNjh iy wfkl=;a foaYSh iïm;a †hqKq ls¯u yryd 2030 jir jk úg n,Yla;Skaf.ka iajhxfmdaIs; cd;shla njg m;a ùug wfmalaId flfr®' 2013 ° ishhg 3 la jQ mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaf.a m%d:ñl Yla;s iemhqfï odhl;ajh5 2030 jir jk úg ishhg 34 la olajd jeä ls¯u" mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaf.a ú≥,sh W;amdokh iòyd jk odhl;ajh 2020 jir jk úg ishhg 60 la olajd jeä ls¯u" ffcj ialkaO ú≥,sn, W;amdokh jeä ls¯u iy 2025 jk úg n,Yla;s wxYfha ldnka úfudapkh ishhg 5 lska wvq ls¯u jeks b,lal lsysmhla fuu ie,eiau u.ska b†˙m;a lr we;' fuu b,lal imqrd .ekSu iòyd iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s wxYh 2030 jir jk úg l=vd c, ú≥,s n,d.dr u.ska ksmojk ú≥,sh fu.dfjdÜ 873" iq<x n,h fu.dfjdÜ 401" iQr®h n,Yla;s fu.dfjdÜ 161 iy ffcj ialkaO n,h fu.dfjdÜ 153 la olajd by< kexùug wfmalaId flfr®'

4 fvkafv%da ú≥,sn,h hkq ;sridrj jjkq ,nk ffcj ialkaO yryd W;amdokh lrk ú≥,sn,h fõ'

5 c, ú≥,sh yd ±j bkaOk f,i Ndú;d lrk ffcj ialkaO yer

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2015

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uQ,sl jYfhka c, ú≥,sh yryd is≥úh' flfia jqj o"

wdr®:ßl jr®Okh iy jeä jk ú≥,sn,h iòyd jk

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rEm igyk ú'i' 4'1

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n,d.dr cd;sl ú≥,sn, moaO;shg tla lrk ,†3' 2015

wjika jk úg" Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk c, ú≥,sn, ia:dms;

Od˙;dj fu.dfjdÜ 1"377 jQ w;r bkaOk f;,a"

.,aw`.=re iy iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s

ia:dms; Od˙;djhka ms<sfj<ska fu.dfjdÜ 1"115"

fu.dfjdÜ 900 iy fu.dfjdÜ 458 la jQy' idïm%odhsl

fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska" fu.dfjdÜ 306'7 l

l=vd c, ú≥,sn,hlska" fu.dfjdÜ 126'9 l iq<x

3 hdmkh wr®Ooaùmhg ú≥,sn,h iemhSu iòyd jqkakdlï ;dm ú≥,sn,d.drh

1958 jifr® ° ia:dmkh l< o 1973 jk f;la hdmkh wr®Ooaùmh cd;sl

ú≥,sn, moaO;shg iïnkaO ù fkd;snq◊'

n,hlska" fu.dfjdÜ 13'1 l ffcj ialkaO n,hlska"

fu.dfjdÜ 10'5 l fvkaâfrda4 n,hlska iy fu.dfjdÜ

1'4 l iQr®h n,hlska iukaú; fõ'

Y%S ,xldj ±kgu;a tys m%Odk c, ú≥,sn, úNjhka

ixjr®Okh lr we;s w;r" l%shd;aul fjñka mj;sk

m%Odk jHdmD;s yryd fu.dfjdÜ 186 l jeä Od˙;djla

muKla moaO;shg tl;= l< yels jkq we;' tA ksid"

jr®;udkfha Y%S ,xld cd;sl n,Yla;s m%;sm;a;sh yd

Wmdh udr®. iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh

n,Yla;Ska ms<snò wjOdkh fhduq lr we;' 2015

jir jk úg iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh

n,Yla;Ska yryd iuia; ú≥,sn, W;amdokfhka

ishhg 10 la W;amdokh ls¯fï cd;sl n,Yla;s

m%;sm;a;sfhys m<uq b,lalh" tu uQ,sl m%;sm;a;s

ilia l< 2006 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 3'7 g

idfmalaIj fï jkúg idr®:l f,i ishhg 11'2 l

odhl;ajhla olajd th <`.d ù we;' miqj" tu

b,lalh" 2020 jir jk úg ishhg 20 l odhl;ajhla

<.d lr .eksu iòyd ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°' uE;l

° rch úiska ilia l< ±kqu u; mokï wdr®:ßlh

iòyd Y%S ,xld n,Yla;s wxYfha ixjr®Ok ie,eiau(

2015-2025 u.ska mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaf.a mQr®K

úNjh iy wfkl=;a foaYSh iïm;a †hqKq ls¯u yryd

2030 jir jk úg n,Yla;Skaf.ka iajhxfmdaIs;

cd;shla njg m;a ùug wfmalaId flfr®' 2013 ° ishhg

3 la jQ mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaf.a m%d:ñl Yla;s

iemhqfï odhl;ajh5 2030 jir jk úg ishhg 34 la

olajd jeä ls¯u" mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaf.a ú≥,sh

W;amdokh iòyd jk odhl;ajh 2020 jir jk úg

ishhg 60 la olajd jeä ls¯u" ffcj ialkaO ú≥,sn,

W;amdokh jeä ls¯u iy 2025 jk úg n,Yla;s

wxYfha ldnka úfudapkh ishhg 5 lska wvq ls¯u jeks

b,lal lsysmhla fuu ie,eiau u.ska b†˙m;a lr we;'

fuu b,lal imqrd .ekSu iòyd iïm%odhsl fkdjk

mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s wxYh 2030 jir jk úg l=vd

c, ú≥,s n,d.dr u.ska ksmojk ú≥,sh fu.dfjdÜ 873"

iq<x n,h fu.dfjdÜ 401" iQr®h n,Yla;s fu.dfjdÜ

161 iy ffcj ialkaO n,h fu.dfjdÜ 153 la olajd

by< kexùug wfmalaId flfr®'

iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s wxYfha

ixj¾Okh iòyd mj;sk wjia:d

2015 jir jk úg Y%S ,xldj úiska iïm%odhsl fkdjk

mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s wxYfha m<uq jeo.;a ixêia:dkh

f,i iuia: ú≥,sn, W;amdokfhka ishhg 10 la

ksmoùfï b,lalh w;a lr f.k we;' flfia fj;;a"

iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaf.a uq`M

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wdr®:ßl jr®Okh iy jeä jk ú≥,sn,h iòyd jk

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m%fõYhg wkql+,j ú≥,sn,h iòyd jk b,aÆu jeä

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n,d.dr cd;sl ú≥,sn, moaO;shg tla lrk ,†3' 2015

wjika jk úg" Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk c, ú≥,sn, ia:dms;

Od˙;dj fu.dfjdÜ 1"377 jQ w;r bkaOk f;,a"

.,aw`.=re iy iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s

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fu.dfjdÜ 900 iy fu.dfjdÜ 458 la jQy' idïm%odhsl

fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska" fu.dfjdÜ 306'7 l

l=vd c, ú≥,sn,hlska" fu.dfjdÜ 126'9 l iq<x

3 hdmkh wr®Ooaùmhg ú≥,sn,h iemhSu iòyd jqkakdlï ;dm ú≥,sn,d.drh

1958 jifr® ° ia:dmkh l< o 1973 jk f;la hdmkh wr®Ooaùmh cd;sl

ú≥,sn, moaO;shg iïnkaO ù fkd;snq◊'

n,hlska" fu.dfjdÜ 13'1 l ffcj ialkaO n,hlska"

fu.dfjdÜ 10'5 l fvkaâfrda4 n,hlska iy fu.dfjdÜ

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ixjr®Okh lr we;s w;r" l%shd;aul fjñka mj;sk

m%Odk jHdmD;s yryd fu.dfjdÜ 186 l jeä Od˙;djla

muKla moaO;shg tl;= l< yels jkq we;' tA ksid"

jr®;udkfha Y%S ,xld cd;sl n,Yla;s m%;sm;a;sh yd

Wmdh udr®. iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh

n,Yla;Ska ms<snò wjOdkh fhduq lr we;' 2015

jir jk úg iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh

n,Yla;Ska yryd iuia; ú≥,sn, W;amdokfhka

ishhg 10 la W;amdokh ls¯fï cd;sl n,Yla;s

m%;sm;a;sfhys m<uq b,lalh" tu uQ,sl m%;sm;a;s

ilia l< 2006 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 3'7 g

idfmalaIj fï jkúg idr®:l f,i ishhg 11'2 l

odhl;ajhla olajd th <`.d ù we;' miqj" tu

b,lalh" 2020 jir jk úg ishhg 20 l odhl;ajhla

<.d lr .eksu iòyd ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°' uE;l

° rch úiska ilia l< ±kqu u; mokï wdr®:ßlh

iòyd Y%S ,xld n,Yla;s wxYfha ixjr®Ok ie,eiau(

2015-2025 u.ska mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaf.a mQr®K

úNjh iy wfkl=;a foaYSh iïm;a †hqKq ls¯u yryd

2030 jir jk úg n,Yla;Skaf.ka iajhxfmdaIs;

cd;shla njg m;a ùug wfmalaId flfr®' 2013 ° ishhg

3 la jQ mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaf.a m%d:ñl Yla;s

iemhqfï odhl;ajh5 2030 jir jk úg ishhg 34 la

olajd jeä ls¯u" mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaf.a ú≥,sh

W;amdokh iòyd jk odhl;ajh 2020 jir jk úg

ishhg 60 la olajd jeä ls¯u" ffcj ialkaO ú≥,sn,

W;amdokh jeä ls¯u iy 2025 jk úg n,Yla;s

wxYfha ldnka úfudapkh ishhg 5 lska wvq ls¯u jeks

b,lal lsysmhla fuu ie,eiau u.ska b†˙m;a lr we;'

fuu b,lal imqrd .ekSu iòyd iïm%odhsl fkdjk

mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s wxYh 2030 jir jk úg l=vd

c, ú≥,s n,d.dr u.ska ksmojk ú≥,sh fu.dfjdÜ 873"

iq<x n,h fu.dfjdÜ 401" iQr®h n,Yla;s fu.dfjdÜ

161 iy ffcj ialkaO n,h fu.dfjdÜ 153 la olajd

by< kexùug wfmalaId flfr®'


ixj¾Okh iòyd mj;sk wjia:d

2015 jir jk úg Y%S ,xldj úiska iïm%odhsl fkdjk

mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s wxYfha m<uq jeo.;a ixêia:dkh

f,i iuia: ú≥,sn, W;amdokfhka ishhg 10 la

ksmoùfï b,lalh w;a lr f.k we;' flfia fj;;a"

iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaf.a uq`M

4 fvkafv%da ú≥,sn,h hkq ;sridrj jjkq ,nk ffcj ialkaO yryd

W;amdokh lrk ú≥,sn,h fõ'


rEm igykia:dms; Odß;dj

rEm igykúÿ,sn, W;amdokh

252016 uehs-cQks

iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s wxYfha ixj¾Okh iòyd mj;sk wjia:d

2015 jir jk úg Y%S ,xldj úiska iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s wxYfha m<uq jeo.;a ixêia:dkh f,i iuia: ú≥,sn, W;amdokfhka ishhg 10 la ksmoùfï b,lalh w;a lr f.k we;' flfia fj;;a" iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaf.a uq`M Od˙;djfhys l=vd c,ú≥,s n,d.drj, odhl;ajh ishhg 66'9 la jk fyhska tA yryd ú≥,sn, W;amdokh rfÜ ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajh u; r`∞ mj;S' tA ksid" ú≥,sn, b,aÆfï wfmalaIs; by< jr®Okh u.ska úYd, wNsfhda.hla we;s jqj o" iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s wxYfha b,lal idlaId;a lr .ekSu iòyd rfÜ iajdNdúl Wreuhla f,i mj;sk iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s iïm;a fk,d .ekSu wjYH fõ' Y%S ,xldj úiska ±kgu;a ishÆ m%Odk c, iïm;a Wmfhda.S lrf.k we;s kuq;a" ;ju;a c, jdyl jHqyhka úfYaIfhka l=vd m˙udK gr®nhsk Ndú;fhka ú≥,sn,h ksmoùu jeä jYfhka Ndú;d fkdlrk w;r jd˙udr®. cd,fha mj;sk c, ú≥,sn,h ksmoùfï úNjh Wlyd .ekSug o fndfyda ≥rg W;aidy f.k fkdue;' ;jo" úfYaIfhkau" ukakdru" mq;a;,u iy hdmkh hk m%foaYj, .s.dfjdÜ 1 lg jvd jeä iq<x n, úNjhla we;s nj y`≥kdf.k we;' ú≥,sn, lr®udka;h úiska w;s uy;a jQ ffcj ialkaO iïm;a fndfyda ≥rg m%fhdackhg f.k fkdue;s w;r lDIsldr®ñl wmøjH yd kd.˙l >k wmøjH u.ska ie,lsh hq;= ú≥,s n,Yla;s m%udKhla W;amdokh ls¯ug úNjhla we;' ksjr®;k l,dmSh rgla ùu iy wfkl=;a úl,am mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s m%Njhkag idfmalaIj m˙udKh yd m%fõYh w;ska iQr®hn, Yla;sh by< uÜgul meje;Su hk lreKq ie,lSfï ° iQr®h n,Yla;sh rgg jvd;a iq≥iq mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;shls'

iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s wxYfha ixj¾Okfha § uqyqK mdk wNsfhda.

Y%S ,xldj úúOdldr mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s m%Njhkaf.ka wkQk jQj;a" ;dlaI◊l-wdr®:ßl úúO .eg`M mej;Su fya;=fjka fuu iïm;a ldr®hlaIu Ndú;h wNsfhda.hla fõ' fmdis, bkaOk yd wfkl=;a iSñ; iïm;a yd iiòk úg mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska w;súYd, m%foaYhla mqrd úisr we;' tA ksid" tjeks úis¯ mj;sk iïm;a tAldnoaO ls¯ug ú≥,sn, moaO;sfha mj;sk ndOl mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska ixjr®Okh iòyd ±ä wjysr;djla f,i mj;S' fuu.ska" tu iïm;a idr®:l f,i Ndú;d ls¯u iòyd ldr®hlaIu f,i iïm;a tl;= ls¯fï hdka;%Khl wjYH;djh ms<snò .eg`M u;= lrhs' ;jo" iïfm%aIK cd,fhys mj;sk iSudjka u.ska moaO;shg iïnkaO l< yels mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s n,d.dr m%udKh iSud lrhs' fndfyda mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s m%Nj ldr®ñl fkdjk m%foaYj, msysgd we;s fyhska mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska ksmojk ia:dkh yd iemhqï moaO;sh w;r †.= iïfm%aIK udr®. b†ls¯u úYd, .eg`Mjls' ;jo" n,Yla;s .nvd ls¯fï úi`≥ï fuf;la jd◊cuh h:dr®:hka njg m;a ù fkdue;s neúka fndfyda úg mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s .nvd l< fkdyels n,Yla;s oduj,g iSud ù we;' fuu.ska ie,iqï fkdl< ú≥,sn, wjYH;djh iïnkaO iSud yd hï wjia:djl ° ;ks uQ,dY%hlska ,nd.; yels n,Yla;s m%udKh iïnkaO iSudjka ksr®Kh lrk moaO;s fufyhqï udr®f.damfoaY bgq lr.ekSfï .eg`M u;= lrhs'

wêl úhoï ord úi`≥ï °ug is≥jk by; iòyka ;dlaI◊l ndOlhkag wu;rj" wksl=;a ú≥,s m%Njj,g idfmalaIj mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s ixjr®Okfha fndfyda úhoï tys wdrïNfha ° u fhoùug is≥jk neúka mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska by< uQ,sl úhoïj,ska hqla; jk w;r tksid tAjdfha ñ, .Kka fjf<òfmd< n,Yla;Skag jvd by< ñ,la .kS' fuu.ska" m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhskayg iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaf.a fõ.j;a ixjr®Okh m%jr®Okh ls¯u iòyd .eg`M u;= lrhs' iq<x yd iQr®h jeks fndfyda mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dlaIKhka ;ju;a Tjqkaf.a ldr®hlaIu m˙udK iòyd ixjr®Okh fjñka mj;S' fmdis, bkaOk iu`. ;r.ld¯ jk ffcj ialkaO$fvkaâfrda n,h i,ld ne,Sfï °" tA iòyd md˙i˙l iSudjka u;= lrjk by< isis,k c, wjYH;djhla mj;sk w;r bkaOk /ia ls¯u" .nvd ls¯u yd m%jdykh ls¯u o .egÆ iy.;h'

bÈß l%shdud¾.

miq.sh jir lsysmh mqrd" mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s lafIa;%fhys jvd;a Yla;su;a iy ldr®hlaIu jr®Okhla


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93

Od˙;djfhys l=vd c,ú≥,s n,d.drj, odhl;ajh

ishhg 66'9 la jk fyhska tA yryd ú≥,sn, W;amdokh

rfÜ ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajh u; r`∞ mj;S' tA ksid"

ú≥,sn, b,aÆfï wfmalaIs; by< jr®Okh u.ska

úYd, wNsfhda.hla we;s jqj o" iïm%odhsl fkdjk

mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s wxYfha b,lal idlaId;a lr

.ekSu iòyd rfÜ iajdNdúl Wreuhla f,i mj;sk

iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s iïm;a

fk,d .ekSu wjYH fõ' Y%S ,xldj úiska ±kgu;a

ishÆ m%Odk c, iïm;a Wmfhda.S lrf.k we;s kuq;a"

;ju;a c, jdyl jHqyhka úfYaIfhka l=vd m˙udK

gr®nhsk Ndú;fhka ú≥,sn,h ksmoùu jeä jYfhka

Ndú;d fkdlrk w;r jd˙udr®. cd,fha mj;sk c,

ú≥,sn,h ksmoùfï úNjh Wlyd .ekSug o fndfyda

≥rg W;aidy f.k fkdue;' ;jo" úfYaIfhkau"

ukakdru" mq;a;,u iy hdmkh hk m%foaYj,

.s.dfjdÜ 1 lg jvd jeä iq<x n, úNjhla we;s nj

y`≥kdf.k we;' ú≥,sn, lr®udka;h úiska w;s uy;a

jQ ffcj ialkaO iïm;a fndfyda ≥rg m%fhdackhg

f.k fkdue;s w;r lDIsldr®ñl wmøjH yd kd.˙l

>k wmøjH u.ska ie,lsh hq;= ú≥,s n,Yla;s

m%udKhla W;amdokh ls¯ug úNjhla we;' ksjr®;k

l,dmSh rgla ùu iy wfkl=;a úl,am mqkr®ckkSh

n,Yla;s m%Njhkag idfmalaIj m˙udKh yd m%fõYh

w;ska iQr®hn, Yla;sh by< uÜgul meje;Su hk

lreKq ie,lSfï ° iQr®h n,Yla;sh rgg jvd;a iq≥iq

mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;shls'

rEm igyk ú'i' 4'3

iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ia:dms; Odß;dj


20152014

iq`M m˙udK c, ú≥,sh iq<x ffcj ialkaOh

fvkafv%d iqr®h

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

fu'f

jd'


ixj¾Okfha § uqyqK mdk wNsfhda.

Y%S ,xldj úúOdldr mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s

m%Njhkaf.ka wkQk jQj;a" ;dlaI◊l-wdr®:ßl úúO

.eg`M mej;Su fya;=fjka fuu iïm;a ldr®hlaIu

Ndú;h wNsfhda.hla fõ' fmdis, bkaOk yd wfkl=;a

iSñ; iïm;a yd iiòk úg mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska

w;súYd, m%foaYhla mqrd úisr we;' tA ksid" tjeks úis¯

mj;sk iïm;a tAldnoaO ls¯ug ú≥,sn, moaO;sfha mj;sk

ndOl mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska ixjr®Okh iòyd ±ä

wjysr;djla f,i mj;S' fuu.ska" tu iïm;a idr®:l

f,i Ndú;d ls¯u iòyd ldr®hlaIu f,i iïm;a tl;=

ls¯fï hdka;%Khl wjYH;djh ms<snò .eg`M u;=

lrhs' ;jo" iïfm%aIK cd,fhys mj;sk iSudjka u.ska

moaO;shg iïnkaO l< yels mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s

n,d.dr m%udKh iSud lrhs' fndfyda mqkr®ckkSh

n,Yla;s m%Nj ldr®ñl fkdjk m%foaYj, msysgd we;s

fyhska mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska ksmojk ia:dkh yd

iemhqï moaO;sh w;r †.= iïfm%aIK udr®. b†ls¯u

úYd, .eg`Mjls' ;jo" n,Yla;s .nvd ls¯fï úi`≥ï

fuf;la jd◊cuh h:dr®:hka njg m;a ù fkdue;s

neúka fndfyda úg mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s .nvd l<

fkdyels n,Yla;s oduj,g iSud ù we;' fuu.ska

ie,iqï fkdl< ú≥,sn, wjYH;djh iïnkaO iSud

yd hï wjia:djl ° ;ks uQ,dY%hlska ,nd.; yels

n,Yla;s m%udKh iïnkaO iSudjka ksr®Kh lrk

moaO;s fufyhqï udr®f.damfoaY bgq lr.ekSfï .eg`M

u;= lrhs'

wêl úhoï ord úi`≥ï °ug is≥jk by; iòyka

;dlaI◊l ndOlhkag wu;rj" wksl=;a ú≥,s m%Njj,g

idfmalaIj mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s ixjr®Okfha fndfyda

úhoï tys wdrïNfha ° u fhoùug is≥jk neúka

mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska by< uQ,sl úhoïj,ska hqla;

jk w;r tksid tAjdfha ñ, .Kka fjf<òfmd<

n,Yla;Skag jvd by< ñ,la .kS' fuu.ska" m%;sm;a;s

iïmdolhskayg iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh

n,Yla;Skaf.a fõ.j;a ixjr®Okh m%jr®Okh ls¯u

iòyd .eg`M u;= lrhs' iq<x yd iQr®h jeks fndfyda

mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dlaIKhka ;ju;a Tjqkaf.a

ldr®hlaIu m˙udK iòyd ixjr®Okh fjñka

mj;S' fmdis, bkaOk iu`. ;r.ld¯ jk ffcj

ialkaO$fvkaâfrda n,h i,ld ne,Sfï °" tA iòyd

md˙i˙l iSudjka u;= lrjk by< isis,k c,

wjYH;djhla mj;sk w;r bkaOk /ia ls¯u" .nvd

ls¯u yd m%jdykh ls¯u o .egÆ iy.;h'

bÈß l%shdud¾.

miq.sh jir lsysmh mqrd" mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s

lafIa;%fhys jvd;a Yla;su;a iy ldr®hlaIu jr®Okhla

ù ;sfí' Yla;s .nvd ;dlaIKh fõ.fhka ixjr®Okh

fjñka mj;S' 2008 jifr® isg m%ldY fjda,aàh;d

iQr®h ñ, ishhg 80 lska my; jeà w;r" th †.gu

my; jefgkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®' iq<x ú≥,sn,h

,dN∞hSu kj ú≥,s m%Njh njg m;a lrñka" tys

ñ, .Kka 2008 jifr® isg ishhg 30 lg wdikak

rEm igyk iïm%odhsl fkdjk mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ia:dms; Odß;dj

26 2016 uehs-cQks

ù ;sfí' Yla;s .nvd ;dlaIKh fõ.fhka ixjr®Okh fjñka mj;S' 2008 jifr® isg m%ldY fjda,aàh;d iQr®h ñ, ishhg 80 lska my; jeà w;r" th †.gu my; jefgkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®' iq<x ú≥,sn,h ,dN∞hSu kj ú≥,s m%Njh njg m;a lrñka" tys ñ, .Kka 2008 jifr® isg ishhg 30 lg wdikak m%udKhlska my; jeà we;' fuu jr®Okhka úiska f.da,Sh jYfhka mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska jvd;a wdlr®I”h lr we;' fï ksid" m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhskayg mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s iòyd fydòu uQ,H l%u iy tAjd ixjr®Okh ls¯u fõ.j;a ls¯fï l%ufõo fidhd.ekSfï jeo.;a ldr®hNdrhla mej¯ we;' ukakdru uyd m˙udK iq<x l,dmh iy mq`M,a jHdma; ±j bkaOk Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka iq≥iq f,i ia:dk.; l< uyd m˙udK ffcj ialkaO$fvkaâfrda jeks mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s uyd m˙udK f,i ixjr®Okh ls¯u b;d jeo.;a fõ' ±kgu;a Y%S ,xldj mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s wdfhdack ms<snòj b;d †.= idr®:l;ajhla ,nd we;s neúka" uQ,H wdh;k úiska °r®>ld,Sk yd wvq úohï uQ,Hhka ,nd°ug Wmldr jkq we;s w;r cd;sl n,Yla;s ixl,kfha jvd úYd, ∞hl;ajhla imqrd .ekSu iòyd mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska mqΩ,a ls¯ug †.=ld,Skj lemùula ;sfí kï" jeä jYfhka wdfhdaclhka wdlr®IKh lr .ekSug o yels jkq we;' ;jo" cd;Hka;r iyfhda.h yd uQ,H m%jdyhka wdlr®IKh lr .ekSu o fuys ° m%Odk N+ñldjla bgq lrkq we;s w;r tA wkqj jvd;a újdohg ;=vq ° we;s mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Ska ixjr®Okfha ° by< uQ,sl úhou ±¯ug is≥ùu yd iïnkaO .egΩjg ms<s;=re imhkq we;' mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s iòyd we;s b,aÆu ;sridr yd mqΩ,a jk úg ;dlaIKh †hKqùfï Wmldrh o ,nñka l%ufhka wdrïNl ms˙jeh wvq lr .ekSug mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s lr®udka;hg yels jkq we;' ;r.ld¯ mqkr®ckkSh iïm;a f;dard .ekSu md˙i˙l yd udkj fi!LH jeks ndysr idOl o we;=<;a °r®>ld,Sk wdr®:ßl ms˙jeh úYaf,aIKh ls¯ï u; mokï úh hq;= w;r tys ñ, m%;sm;a;sh" ms˙jeh ms<sìUq lrk ksrka;r ixfYdaOk iòyd úêúOdk" ;r.ld¯ ,xiq ls¯u yd wjia:d mokï lr.;a we.hSï yryd wdfhdaclhka w;r ;r`.ld¯;ajh jeä †hqKq ls¯u yd by< ms˙jeh bkaOk f;,a ú≥,s W;amdokh l%ufhka m%;sia:dmkh hkd†h o iu`. ;j≥rg;a Yla;su;a l< hq;=h'

mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;Skaj, we;s läka lv úisreKq iajdNdjh u.ska u;=jk .egÆj úi`°u iòyd ú≥,s moaO;sfhka m˙ndysrj l%shd;aul l< yels kjH

l%ufõo y`≥kd.ekSu iy mqΩ,a f,i jHdma; ú≥,s há;, myiqlïj, Wmldrfhka CIqø jHdma;s m%jr®Okh ls¯u w;HjYH fõ' ú≥,sn, moaO;sfha yd iïfm%aIK cd,fha u;=jk ndOlj,g úi`≥ï ,nd°u meye†,sju ixlSr®K yd ld,h jeh jk ie,iqï yd l%shd;aul ls¯ïj,ska iukaú; fõ' flfia fj;;a" ishÆ wod, wdh;k yd m%dfoaYSh foaYmd,k wêld˙fha iydh ,efnk fkdief,k m%;sm;a;s lemùï u.ska fuu .egΩj ch .; yels jkq we;' wdh;k iy wêld¯kaf.a l%shdl,dmh cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh yd fkd.e<mSu fya;=fjka jr®;udkfha .egÆj,g uqyqK md we;s fm!oa.,sl wxYh" fujeks m%;sm;a;s tAldnoaO;djhla yryd wdfhdackhg fm<fUkq we;s w;r mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s jHdmD;s l%shdjg kexùfï l%shd mámdáh o iqug lrkq we;' tjeks ishÆ ms˙jr u.ska ;dlaI◊l-wdr®:ßl ndOl ch .ekSug myiqlï i,ikq we;s w;r rfÜ ishÆ mdr®Yjlrejkag mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s úiska ,nd fok úYd, mrdihl we;s ue† yd †.=ld,Sk m%;s,dN <.d lr.; yels jkq we;'

uQ,dY% (

IRENA Publications - http://www.irena.org/Publications/ - Renewable Energy Benefits: Measuring the

Economics - Rethinking Energy (2014,2015)

Ministry of Power and Renewable Energty, Sri Lanka- Sri Lanka Energy Sector Development Plan for a Knowledge-based Economy: 2015-2025

Worldwide electricity production - http://www.tsp-data-portal.org Breakdown-of-Electricity-generation-by-Energy-Source#tspQvChart

Sri Lanka Sustainable Renewable Energy Authority, Renewable Energy Resource Development Plan 1/2012

Ceylon Electricity Board, Grid Network, http://www.ceb.lk/sub/other/knowledge-center/#tab-1442494789429-6-6

Wmqgd .ekSu - YS%% ,xld uy nexl= jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2015

272016 uehs-cQks

idr®j wdr®:ßl ia:dhS;dj i|yd iy lïmkhkag uqyqK °ug wdr®:ßlh i;= yelshdj jr®Okh ls¯ug iyfhda.h ±laùu wruqKq lr.ksñka rdcH uQ,H wjldY ksr®udKh ls¯u ms<sn|j úfYaIfhkau" uQ,H wr®nqofhka miqj f.da,Sh rdcH uQ,H n,Od¯kaf.a wjOdkh fhduq ù we;' wúksYaÑ; f.da,Sh m%jK;d" by< hk Kh fiajdlrK j.lSï iy m%cd úoHd;aul ixl%dka;sh ;=<ska we;s jk mSvkhka" rdcH uQ,H fufyhqï lghq;=j, ;sridrNdjh flfrys wLKavj wNsfhda. we;s lrk w;r" †hqKq iy ke.Stk fj<|fmd< wdr®:ßlj, mj;sk ixfrdaê; rdcH uQ,H jd;djrKh yuqfõ rdcH whjeh ;=< rdcH uQ,H wjldYhla i|yd we;s wjYH;dj jeä†hqKq lrhs' rcfha wkd.; rdcH uQ,H ;;a;ajh u; wksis mSvkhla we;s fkdfldg" YS>% ixjr®Okhla ,nd .ekSfï wjYH;dj" Y%S ,xldj jeks ke.Stk ue† wd∞hï,dNS rgj, whjeh l%shdj,sh i|yd n,mEï we;s lr ;sfí' fuh Y%S ,xldj ;=< m%udKj;a rdcH uQ,H wjldYhla mj;ajd .ekSfï wjYH;dj biau;= lrhs'

fy,r® ^2005& úiska rdcH uQ,H wjldYh hkq §rdcH uQ,H ;;a;ajfha ;sridrNdjhg fyda wdr®:ßl ia:dhS;djg ydkshla fkdjk m˙†" rchg ;u iïm;a wfmalaIs; wjYH;d i|yd ,nd°ug whjeh ;=, mj;sk bvlv¶ jYfhka wr®: olajd we;1' tkï rfgys idr®j wdr®:ßl ia:dhS;djg ydks fkdjk m˙† úhoï" wd∞hï fyda Kh ,nd.ekSfï úl,am ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSfï ° rchg kuHYS,S f,i ;u wu;r iïm;a Wmfhdackh i|yd mj;sk wjia:dj rdcH uQ,H wjldYh fõ' rdcH úhoï ixhq;sh iy m%jK;dj" n≥ keñhdj" Kh ,nd.ekSfï keñhdj fukau wdr®:ßl jr®Okh rdcH uQ,H wjldYfha m%Odk ksr®Kdhlj,g we;=<;a fõ' tuksid wd∞hu by< kexùu" úhoï iSud ls¯u fyda foaYSh fyda úfoaYSh m%Njhkaf.ka Kh ,nd.ekSu wju ls¯u iy wdr®:ßl jr®Okh fõ.j;a ls¯u u.ska rdcH uQ,H wjldYh ksr®udKh l< yels fõ' rdcH uQ,H wjldYh ksr®udKh ls¯fï°" rdcH uQ,H jd;djrKfha ;sridrNdjh lsisfia;a leml< hq;= fkdfõ' tys° úhoï jevigyka i|yd iy Kh fiajdlrKh i|yd wjYH fláld,Sk iy †.=ld,Sk uQ,H YlH;dj mj;sk njg rch iy;sl l< hq;=h'

Y%S ,xld rdcH whjefhys jHqyh

iSñ; iïm;a iys; m˙irhla ;=< úhoï ;r.ld¯j jr®Okh ùu uE; w;S;fha Y%S ,xldfõ whjeh l%shdj,sfhys olakg ,efnk úfYaI ,laIKhla

1 Heller, P. (2005) 'Understanding Fiscal Space', Policy Discussion Paper PDP/05/4, Washington, DC : Fiscal Affairs Department, IMF

úh' wd∞hï ,eîï wvqùu iy rdcH uQ,H ;;a;ajh yuqfõ by< úhoï wjYH;dj, m%;sM,hla f,i iEu rchlau ksrka;rfhka idfmalaI jYfhka by< whjeh ysÛhla jdr®;d lrk ,°' 2010 - 2015 ld,m˙Éf√oh i|yd Y%S ,xldfjys whjeh ysÛfhys idudkHh o'foa'ks'fhka ishhg 6 la muK úh' rcfhys wd∞hï yd úhoï jHqyh úur®Ykh ls¯fï °" rdcH uQ,H wêld¯ka uqyqK fok wNsfhda. y∫kd.; yel' 2010 - 2015 ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° rdcH úhoïys idudkHh o'foa'ksfhka ishhg 18'8 l uÜgfï mj;ajd .ekq◊' fuu ld,iSudj ;=< rcfha jr®;k úhou o'foa'ks'fhka ishhg 13'7 l iSudfjys mej;=K o jr®;k úhoï ;=< whjefhys fkdje<elaúh yels úhoï ixrplhla jk fmd,S f.ùï iy jegqma yd °ukd i|yd jQ úhoï" mqkrdjr®;k úhofuka ;=fkka follg jvd ∞hl;ajhla imhñka fkdfjkiaj mej;=◊' 2010 - 2015 ld,iSudj ;=< ° jegqma yd fõ;k iy fmd,S f.ùïj, idudkHh" o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i" ms<sfj<ska" ishhg 4'4 la iy ishhg 4'7 la úh' ;jo" fuu ld,iSudj ;=< ° whjefhys we;=<;a †<s∫lu wju ls¯fuys m%Odk ixrplhla jk l=gqïn i|yd ,ndfok ixl%du o wh;ajk" iqnidOk úhoï iy ixl%du f.ùïys idudkHh o o'foa'ks'fhka ishhg 3'0 la úh'

fuu miqìu ;=<" wfkl=;a w;HjYH uQ,H wjYH;d i|yd myiqlï iemhSug" mj;akd whjeh ;=< we;s bvlv iSud iys; fõ' rch úiska m%uqL wxY jk wOHdmk iy fi!LH jeks wxY i|yd wjYH úhoï ±¯fï ° rdcH uQ,H n,Od¯ka fuu .egÆjg uqyqKmdk whqre meye†,sj ks¯laIKh l< yelsh' ldr®hhka u; mokïj úhoï wOHhkh ls¯fï ° fi!LH iy wOHdmk jeks wxY i|yd whjefhka fjkalrk ,o wruqo,aj, idudkHh" iuia; whjefhys úhoñka ishhg 16 la muK jk w;r" 2015 jifr® jr®Okhla fmkakqï l< o 2010 - 2015 ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i wOHdmk iy fi!LH i|yd fjka l< uqo,a m%udKh" ms<sfj<ska" ishhg 1'7 la iy ishhg 1'3 la úh' fi!LH iy wOHdmk jeks wxY i|yd lrkq ,nk úhoï by< ±óu u.ska †.= ld,Skj udkj m%d.aOkh i|yd by< m%;s,dN w;alr fok njg ;r®lhla f.dvke.sh yelsh' flfia fj;;a" whjefhys úhoï hï wkaoulg rchg wjYH m˙† fjkia ls¯ug wju yelshdjla we;s j;auka úhoï jHqyh ie,lSfï ° fuu wruqKq i|yd jk wruqo,a by< kexùu i`oyd rch úiska rdcH uQ,H wjldYhla ksr®udKh ls¯u wjYHj ;sfí'

wd∞hï mdr®Yajh ie,lSfï ° rcfha uqΩ wd∞hï ,eîï" iuia; úhoug jvd ie,lsh hq;= f,i my< w.hl

úfYaI igyk - ia:dhS;dj iy Yla;su;aNdjh i|yd jQ rdcH uQ,H wjldYh

28 2016 uehs-cQks

rdc.sßh" Y%S chj¾Okmqr udjf;a" wxl 58 ork ia:dkfha msysá Y%S ,xld uy nexl= uqøKd,fha uqøKh lrk ,ÿj"

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ikaksfõok fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska ksl=;a lrk ,§'

mj;sk w;r" th mqkrdjr®;k úhou mshjd .ekSug o m%udKj;a fkdfõ' 2010 - 2015 ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i wd∞hfuys idudkHh ishhg 12'4 la úh' m%Odk jYfhkau rfgys mj;sk ≥r®j, n≥ /ia ls¯fï l%shdj,sh" wd∞hu my< uÜgul meje;Sug fya;= ù ;sfí' 2015 jifr® ° tla jrla muKla f.úh hq;= n≥ lsysmhla mekùu o fya;=fjka n≥ wd∞hu" o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 12'1 olajd by< .sh o 2014 jifr® ° th ishhg 10'1 olajd my< .sfhah' l,dmSh rgj,a yd iei£fï ° Y%S ,xldfõ n≥ tl;= ls¯u wLKavj ≥r®j, uÜgul mj;S' úúO n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï fya;=fjka n≥ moaO;sfha kuH;djh wvq ùu" n≥ meyerye¯ï iy ≥r®j, n≥ m˙md,kh hk lreKq wd∞hï tla/ia ls¯fuys ≥r®j, ldr®hidOkhg m%Odk jYfhka fya;= ù we;'

rEm igykwdodhï iy úhoïj, l%shdldß;ajh

o'foa'k

s'fhys m

%;sY;hl

a f,i

jegqma iy fmd,S úhoïn≥ wd∞hï mqkrdjr®;k úhoï

by< úhoï uÜgu iuÛ my< uÜgul mj;sk wd∞hï ckkh ùu;a tA fya;=fjka ±kg we;s by< whjeh ys`.fhys m%;sM,hla f,i by< rdcH Kh uÜgula ksr®udKh ù ;sfí' 2015 jifr® ° o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i rcfha Kh ishhg 76 olajd by< f.dia we;' fï ;=<ska" Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï by< kxjk w;r" rdcH uQ,H fufyhqï lghq;= i|yd mSvkhla we;s lr ;sfí' jr®;udkfha °" n≥ iy n≥ fkdjk m%Nj yryd Wmhkq ,enQ wd∞hfuka ishhg 90 la muK Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï i|yd fhdojkq ,efí' fï w;r" WoaOukd;aul fkdjk foaYSh uQ,dY% Tiafia Kh ,nd.ekSug we;s bvm%ia:d iSud ù we;s w;r úfoaY uQ,Y% u.ska ,nd.kakd Kh uÜgu by< .shfyd;a rg ndysr lïmkhkag Ndckh

ùug we;s wj∞ku o by< hkq we;' rdcH uQ,H wjldYhla fkdue;s ùu ;=<ska wdr®:ßlfha jr®Okh jk iïm;a wjYH;d imqrd,Su i|yd Kh .ekSu by< ±óug rchg fkdyels ù we;s nj ms<sìUq fõ'

bÈß ±lau

rdcH uQ,H fufyhqï i|yd wjldYh wju ùu fya;=fjka iudcfha úúO wxY fj;ska iïm;a i`oyd we;sjk kj b,aÆï ;;a;aj rcfha whjeh ;=<ska imqrd,Su b;d wmyiq ldr®hhla fõ' rchg wu;r Kh ,nd.ekSug we;s yelshdj wju ùu fya;=fjka" n≥ iy úhoï jHqyh m%;sixialrKh ls¯u ;=<ska rdcH uQ,H wjldYh ksr®udKh ls¯u l< hq;= fõ' rdcH uQ,H wjldYh ksr®udKh ls¯u i|yd mj;sk whjeh jHqyh úYd, f,i m%;sixialrKh ls¯u wjYH fõ' wju jYfhka Y%S ,xldfõ l,dmSh rgj,a yd iu.dój wd∞hï ckkh ls¯u jr®Okh ls¯u yryd o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i n≥ wd∞hu by< kexùu i|yd rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s b,lal.; l< hq;= fõ' n≥ moku m%idrKh ls¯u iy n≥ wkql+,;dj by< kexùu wruqKq lrf.k n≥ m%;sxialrK l%shd;aul l< hq;= fõ' úhoï mdr®Yajh ie,lSfï °" rcfha úhoï m%uqL;d ms<sn| mqΩ,a or®Ykhla iys; ue† ld,Sk úhoï rduqjlg wkqrEmj" rdcH uQ,H wjldYh ksr®udKh l< hq;= fõ' tfiau" rfgys úhoï i|yd uQ,Huh jákdlula ,nd°ug yels jk m˙† úhoï l<ukdlrKfha ldr®hlaIu;djh jr®Okh ls¯u l< hq;=h' fuu ;;a;ajh ;=< tla tla úhoï whs;u" wdr®:ßl" foaYmd,ksl" iud„h iy rcfha fjk;a ie,lsh hq;= lreKqj,g wkqrEmj l%udkql+,j úur®Ykh l< hq;=h' ;jo" úêu;aj ilik ,o whjehg wu;rj miqj .kq ,nk úhoï ms<sn| ;SrK yryd rdcH uQ,H wjldYh wju jk fyhska tjeks ;SrK .ekSu iSud l< hq;=h' rch i;= jHjidhkaj, uQ,H Yla;sh jr®Okh ls¯fuka iy tu wdh;k whjeh u; rπ meje;au wju ls¯u yryd rdcH jHjidhj, ldr®hidOkh jeä†hqKq ls¯ug rch úiska lghq;= l< hq;=h' M,∞hs;dj jeä†hqKq ls¯u iy wdr®:ßl jr®Okh by< kexùu i|yd Y%u fj<|fmd< m%;sixialrK l%shd;aul l< hq;= fõ' rch úiska lïlre ixúOdk yd fmd≥ ck;dj we;=Ω ishÆ mdr®Yaj iuÛ l%uj;a iïnkaëlrKhla mj;ajd .ekSu yd ±kqïj;a ls¯fï jevigyka l%shd;aul ls¯u yryd w;HjYH m%;sixialrK i|yd we;s úh yels úfrdaO;d wju lr .ekSug lghq;= ls¯u

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wd∞hï mdr®Yajh ie,lSfï ° rcfha uqΩ wd∞hï

,eîï" iuia; úhoug jvd ie,lsh hq;= f,i

my< w.hl mj;sk w;r" th mqkrdjr®;k

úhou mshjd .ekSug o m%udKj;a fkdfõ'

2010 - 2015 ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° o'foa'ks'fhys

m%;sY;hla f,i wd∞hfuys idudkHh ishhg 12'4 la

úh' m%Odk jYfhkau rfgys mj;sk ≥r®j, n≥

/ia ls¯fï l%shdj,sh" wd∞hu my< uÜgul meje;Sug

fya;= ù ;sfí' 2015 jifr® ° tla jrla muKla f.úh

hq;= n≥ lsysmhla mekùu o fya;=fjka n≥ wd∞hu"

o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 12'1 olajd by<

.sh o 2014 jifr® ° th ishhg 10'1 olajd my< .sfhah'

l,dmSh rgj,a yd iei£fï ° Y%S ,xldfõ n≥ tl;=

ls¯u wLKavj ≥r®j, uÜgul mj;S' úúO n≥ ksoyia

ls¯ï fya;=fjka n≥ moaO;sfha kuH;djh wvq ùu" n≥

meyerye¯ï iy ≥r®j, n≥ m˙md,kh hk lreKq

wd∞hï tla/ia ls¯fuys ≥r®j, ldr®hidOkhg m%Odk

jYfhka fya;= ù we;'

rEm igyk ú'i' 1'1

wdodhï iy úhoïj, l%shdldß;ajh

o'foa'k

s'fhys m

%;sY;hl

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jegqma iy fmd,S úhoïn≥ wd∞hï mqkrdjr®;k úhoï

0'0

2000

2001

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2015

5'0

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25'0

by< úhoï uÜgu iuÛ my< uÜgul mj;sk

wd∞hï ckkh ùu;a tA fya;=fjka ±kg we;s by<

whjeh ys`.fhys m%;sM,hla f,i by< rdcH Kh

uÜgula ksr®udKh ù ;sfí' 2015 jifr® ° o'foa'ks'fhys

m%;sY;hla f,i rcfha Kh ishhg 76 olajd by<

f.dia we;' fï ;=<ska" Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï by<

kxjk w;r" rdcH uQ,H fufyhqï lghq;= i|yd

mSvkhla we;s lr ;sfí' jr®;udkfha °" n≥ iy

n≥ fkdjk m%Nj yryd Wmhkq ,enQ wd∞hfuka

ishhg 90 la muK Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï i|yd

fhdojkq ,efí' fï w;r" WoaOukd;aul fkdjk

foaYSh uQ,dY% Tiafia Kh ,nd.ekSug we;s bvm%ia:d

iSud ù we;s w;r úfoaY uQ,Y% u.ska ,nd.kakd

Kh uÜgu by< .shfyd;a rg ndysr lïmkhkag

Ndckh ùug we;s wj∞ku o by< hkq we;' rdcH

uQ,H wjldYhla fkdue;s ùu ;=<ska wdr®:ßlfha

jr®Okh jk iïm;a wjYH;d imqrd,Su i|yd

Kh .ekSu by< ±óug rchg fkdyels ù we;s

nj ms<sìUq fõ'

bÈß ±lau

rdcH uQ,H fufyhqï i|yd wjldYh wju ùu

fya;=fjka iudcfha úúO wxY fj;ska iïm;a

i`oyd we;sjk kj b,aÆï ;;a;aj rcfha whjeh

;=<ska imqrd,Su b;d wmyiq ldr®hhla fõ'

rchg wu;r Kh ,nd.ekSug we;s yelshdj wju ùu

fya;=fjka" n≥ iy úhoï jHqyh m%;sixialrKh ls¯u

;=<ska rdcH uQ,H wjldYh ksr®udKh ls¯u l< hq;= fõ'

rdcH uQ,H wjldYh ksr®udKh ls¯u i|yd mj;sk

whjeh jHqyh úYd, f,i m%;sixialrKh ls¯u

wjYH fõ' wju jYfhka Y%S ,xldfõ l,dmSh rgj,a

yd iu.dój wd∞hï ckkh ls¯u jr®Okh ls¯u yryd

o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i n≥ wd∞hu by< kexùu

i|yd rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s b,lal.; l< hq;= fõ' n≥

moku m%idrKh ls¯u iy n≥ wkql+,;dj by< kexùu

wruqKq lrf.k n≥ m%;sxialrK l%shd;aul l< hq;= fõ'

úhoï mdr®Yajh ie,lSfï °" rcfha úhoï m%uqL;d

ms<sn| mqΩ,a or®Ykhla iys; ue† ld,Sk úhoï rduqjlg

wkqrEmj" rdcH uQ,H wjldYh ksr®udKh l< hq;= fõ'

tfiau" rfgys úhoï i|yd uQ,Huh jákdlula

,nd°ug yels jk m˙† úhoï l<ukdlrKfha

ldr®hlaIu;djh jr®Okh ls¯u l< hq;=h' fuu

;;a;ajh ;=< tla tla úhoï whs;u" wdr®:ßl"

foaYmd,ksl" iud„h iy rcfha fjk;a ie,lsh hq;=

lreKqj,g wkqrEmj l%udkql+,j úur®Ykh l< hq;=h'

;jo" úêu;aj ilik ,o whjehg wu;rj miqj .kq

,nk úhoï ms<sn| ;SrK yryd rdcH uQ,H wjldYh

wju jk fyhska tjeks ;SrK .ekSu iSud l< hq;=h'

rch i;= jHjidhkaj, uQ,H Yla;sh jr®Okh ls¯fuka

iy tu wdh;k whjeh u; rπ meje;au wju ls¯u

yryd rdcH jHjidhj, ldr®hidOkh jeä†hqKq ls¯ug

rch úiska lghq;= l< hq;=h' M,∞hs;dj jeä†hqKq

ls¯u iy wdr®:ßl jr®Okh by< kexùu i|yd Y%u

fj<|fmd< m%;sixialrK l%shd;aul l< hq;= fõ' rch

úiska lïlre ixúOdk yd fmd≥ ck;dj we;=Ω ishÆ

mdr®Yaj iuÛ l%uj;a iïnkaëlrKhla mj;ajd .ekSu

yd ±kqïj;a ls¯fï jevigyka l%shd;aul ls¯u yryd

w;HjYH m%;sixialrK i|yd we;s úh yels úfrdaO;d

wju lr .ekSug lghq;= ls¯u wjYH fõ'

Wmqgd .ekSu - YS%% ,xld uy nexl= jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2015

ksoyi yd f.da,ShlrKhksoyiska miq Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól f.da,ShlrK l%shdj,sh —igyk˜ iÕrdfjys m

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Transcript of ksoyi yd f.da,ShlrKhksoyiska miq Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól f.da,ShlrK l%shdj,sh —igyk˜ iÕrdfjys m