Editor in Chief: Antoni JANKOWSKI Editorial Office Secretary: Barbara SIEMINSKA

International Editorial Advisory Board

Andrzej AMBROZIK Masutaka ARAI (Japan) Kazimierz BACZEWSKI Rik BAERT (Netherlands) Wieslaw BARNAT Georg BARTON (Germany) Mustafa BAYHAN (Turkey) Romuald BEDZINSKI Grace BOCHENEK (USA) Zdzislaw BOGDANOWICZ Waclaw BORKOWSKI Ulf G. BOSSEL (Switzerland) Dirk BOSTEELS (Belgium) Eugeniusz BUDNY Lech A. BUKOWSKI Gintautas BUREIKA (Lithuania) Andrzej CALKA (Australia) Adam CHARCHALIS Zdzislaw CHLOPEK Andrzej CHUDZIKIEWICZ Suk Ho CHUNG (Korea) Marian CICHY Andrzej CISZEWSKI David CROLLA (UK) Karol CUPIAL Romuald CWILEWICZ Jan CZERWINSKI (Switzerland) Zbigniew DABROWSKI Yasuhiro DAISHO (Japan) Wiktor DANILCZYK Gunter H. DEINZER (Germany) Roman DOMANSKI Julius DREW (USA) Adam DUZYNSKI Janusz DYDUCH Tadeusz Dzibak Patrick V. FARRELL (USA) Jan FIGURSKI Malcolm F. FOX (UK) Wieslaw GALOR Janusz GARDULSKI Piotr GEBIS Swadhin GHOSH (Germany) Adam GIEREK Raj GILL (UK) Jerzy GIRTLER Marek GRZEGORZEWSKI Wieslaw GRZESIKIEWICZ Stanislaw GUCMA David K. HARRISON (UK) Herbert HEITLAND (Germany) John B. HEYWOOD (USA) Vladimir HLAVNA (Slovakia) Guenter HOHL (Austria) Marek HRYNIEWICZ Marek IDZIOR Norimasa IIDA (Japan) Antoni ISKRA Jerzy JACKOWSKI Janusz JAKOBIEC Romuald JANIK Antoni JANKOWSKI Tad JAROSZCZYK (USA) Jerzy JASKOLSKI Jerzy JAZWINSKI

Timothy JOHNSON (USA) Tadeusz KALDONSKIGhazi A. KARIM (Canada)Takashi KATODA (Japan T. KAWAKAMI (Japan) Andrzej KAZIMIERCZAK Boris M. KHRUTSALEV (Belarus) Rudolf KLEMENS Jan KLOPOCKI Waclaw KOLLEK Oleg D. KOSOW (Russia) Janusz KOWAL Grzegorz KOWALCZYK Andrzej KOWALEWICZ Stanis aw W. KRUCZYNSKI Ryszard KRYSTEK Jin KUSAKA (Japan) Gvidonas LABECKAS (Lithuania) Nicos LADOMMATOS (UK) Kazimierz LASIEWICKI Sergejus LEBEDEVAS (Lithuania) Kazimierz LEJDA Jan LESINSKY (Slovakia) Jerzy LIS Stefan LISCAK (Slovakia) Egbert LOX (Germany) Slawomir LUFT Jan MACEK (Czech Republic) Krzysztof MARCHELEK Simon MARTINEZ (Mexico) John MAY (UK) Krzysztof MENDERA Jerzy MERKISZ Simona S. MEROLA (Italy) Arkadiusz CZYK Edward MICHLMEZYK Jerzy MICHALOWICZ Zygmunt MIERCZYK Jan MISIAK Andrzej MISZCZAK Wladyslaw MITIANIEC Andrzej MUSZYNSKI Janusz MYSLOWSKI Eugen NEGRUS (Romania) A. I. NICULESCU (Romania) Andrzej NIEWCZAS Tadeusz NIEZGODA Jozef NITA Tomasz NOWAKOWSKI Jerzy NYKIEL Yasuhiko OHTA (Japan) Aleksander OLEJNIK Wieslaw OLSZEWSKI Marek ORKISZ Kenneth OSCAR (USA) Oleg OSTAPIUK (Ukraine) Zbigniew PAWELSKI Leszek PIASECZNY Stanislaw PIETROWSKI Bogdan PIJANOWSKI Alvydas PIKUNAS (Lithuania) Franz F. PISCHINGER (Germany) Arkadij W. POBIEDIN (Russia) Marian POLONI (Slovakia)

Stefan POSTRZEDNIK Wojciech PRZETAKIEWICZ Stanislaw RADKOWSKI Branko REMEK (Czech Republic) Gerhart RINNE (Germany) James E. ROBERTSON (Canada) Roger R. ROGOWSKI (USA) Kazimierz ROMANISZYN Eugeniusz RUSINSKI Piotr RYBAK Tadeusz SALAMONOWICZ Alexander SANDEL (USA) Yoshio SATO (Japan) Janusz SECZYK Bronislaw SENDYKA Eran SHER (Israel) Masahiro SHJOJI (Japan) Barbara SIEMINSKA Lech SITNIK Paul F. SKALNY (USA) Zenon SLAWINSKI Marek SLEZAK Marcin SLEZAK Zbigniew SMALKO Andrzej SOBIESIAK (Canada) Maciej SOBIESZCZANSKI Eugeniusz SWITONSKI Chanan SYAN (TT) Cezary SZCZEPANIAK Ryszard SZCZEPANIK Wiktor SZECHOWCOW (Russia) Janusz SZPYTKO Stanislaw SZWAJA Antoni TAJDUS Andrzej TEODORCZYK Eiji TOMITA (Japan) D. UEBERSCHAR (Germany) Heorhi VIARSHYNA (Belarus) V. I. VITANOV (UK) Andras VOITH (Hungary) Jan WAJAND Jerzy WALENTYNOWICZ Wojciech WALKOWIAK Harry WATSON (Australia) Wojciech WAWRZYNSKI Miroslaw WENDEKER Ida WIERZBA (Canada) Krzysztof WIERZCHOLSKI Andrzej WILK Michael WILLMANN (Germany) Witold WISNIOWSKI Krzysztof WITUSZYNSKI Marek WLODARCZYK (USA) Andrzej WOJCIECHOWSKI Piotr WOLANSKI Stanis aw WOLNY Maciej WOROPAY Jozef WYSOCKI Miros aw L. WYSZYNSKI (UK) Dariusz ZARDECKI E. ZAWADZKAS (Lithuania) Zbigniew ZMUDKA Bogdan ZOLTOWSKI Jozef ZUREK Andrzej ZYLUK

Editorial OfficeInstitute of Aviation (Aeronautics) BK

Al. Krakowska 110/114, 02-256 Warsaw, Poland tel. +48 22 846 00 11, fax +48 22 846 44 32, e-mail: kones@ilot.edu.pl

This journal is a monograph devoted to the latest achievements in research, development and design of both compression-ignition

and spark-ignition as well as other combustion engines (hybrids) with special attention to ecology, combustion processes, mixture

preparation, exhaust aftertreatment, electronic control, diagnostics and maintenance, durability and reliability, new materials, engine

parts, fuel and lubricants, other alternative fuels (including hydrogen), fuel cells and converters, electric drive standards, noise and

vibration, diagnostics (OBD), catalysis, catalyst systems. The journal is also devoted to the problems of research, design and

development for different kinds of vehicles, reliability and durability with a especial attention on novel generation of vehicles,

pollution, environment protection, simulation and modelling including land, sea and air vehicles with a particular regard on

connection with powertain, ecology, and safety. The languages of the papers are English and Polish. The preferred spellings are of

the Oxford English Dictionary.

All papers were reviewed by the members of the International Editorial Advisory Board (International Scientific Committee of

European Science Society of Powertrain and Transport KONES). This publication or any part thereof may not be reproduced without

the written permission of the copyright owner. All Papers are reviewed

© Copyright by Permanent Committee of KONES All rights reserved

ISSN 1231 - 4005 Printed and bended in Poland