1

Fs‚ cmPyw

Fs‚ kz¿§w

tIcf kwÿm\ \nba tkh\ AtXm-dn‰n

sIm®n ̨ 682 031

Ah-Xm-cnI

\nbakm£-cX, \nbat_m[\w F∂o {]{Inb

Ifn¬ IqSn bYm¿∞-Øn¬ kw -̀hn-t°-≠Xv P\XbpsS\oXn-t_m[w hf-cp-I- F∂Xm-Wv. \nbakm£-c-X-bn-eqsS\oXn-t_m[w hf-cp-tºmƒ kaq-l-Øn\v DX-Ip∂B¿÷h-tØm-Sp-ff ]ucm-hen hm¿sØ-Sp-°s∏Spw.Aßs\bpff Hcp P\m[n-]Xy cmPyw ]c-kv]c _lp-am-\hpw Xpey-Xm-`m-hhpw BZ¿i \n_n-Vhpw BbkºZvk-ar-≤n-bn-eqsS apt∂m´p t]mIpw.

auen-I-ambsX¥pw aqeym-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-°pw.I¿Ø-hy-߃ \n¿Δ-ln-°p-tºmƒ am{X-amWv Hcp hy‡nAh-Im-i-߃°v B[n-Im-c-nI-amb A¿lX t\Sp-∂-Xv.auen-I-amb I¿Ø-hy-߃ kmaq-lnI Pohn-I-fpsShy‡nap{Z-bm-Wv. cmjv{S-Øns‚ Nn”-ß-fmWv auen-II¿Ø-hy-߃ \n¿Δ-ln-°p∂ ]uc-∑m¿. C¥y≥`cWL\ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂ auen-I I¿Ø-hy-߃hgnhn-f-°p-I-fm-Wv. Ah-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ kaqlwNen°p-tºmƒ bYm¿∞Øn¬ Pohn-°p-∂Xv ̀ mc-X-Øns‚kaqe k¥p-en-X-bm-Wv.

‘P\\o P∑-̀ q-an› kz¿§mX]n Kco-b n’ F∂`mc-Xob Nn¥m-i-Iew auen-I I¿Ø-hy-ßfn¬A[njvTnX-amb PohnXw \bn-°p-hm≥ C¥y°m-cmb\sΩ t{]cn-∏n-°Ww. AXn-te-°p-ff Hcp Nq≠p-]-eI-bmbn C¥y≥ ̀ c-W-L-S\bn¬ FSpØv ]d™ncn°p∂auenI I¿Ø-hy-ßsf ‘Fs‚ cmPyw Fs‚ kz¿§w’F∂ Cu ssI ]pkvX-I-Øn-eqsS Cu cmjv{S-Ønse ]uc-∑m¿°v ap∂n¬ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

Pbv lnμv

(H∏v)

PÃnkv tXm´-Øn¬ _n.cm[m-Ir-jvW≥

FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv sNb¿am≥

tIcf kwÿm\ \nba tkh\ AtXm-dn‰n

BapJw

`c -W-L-S -\ -bpsS IV-A `mK-Øn¬ 51A

A\ptOZØn¬ Hcp `mc-Xob ]ucs‚ ]Xn-s\m∂vauenI I¿Ø-hy-ßsf°p-dn®v ]d-bp-∂p≠v. 1976˛se42˛mw `c-W-LS\ t`Z-K-Xn-bn-eqsSbmWv auenI I¿Ø-hy-߃ Fgp-Xn-t®¿°-s∏-́ -Xv. A∂v 10 auenI I¿Ø-hy-ß-fmWv `c-WL-S-\-bpsS `mK-ambn \ne-hn¬h-∂Xv.]n∂oSv 2002˛se 86˛mw `c-W-L-S\ t`Z-K-Xn-bn-eqsS]Xns\m-∂m-a-sXmcp auenI I¿Ø-hyw IqSn \ne-hn¬h-∂p. Ah-Im-i-ßfpw I¿Ø-hy-ßfpw ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS aq∂mw `mK-Øn¬AXns‚ am·mIm¿´ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ auenI I¿Ø-hy-߃ Dƒs∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p. P\m-[n-]Xy kz`mhw kwc-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\mbn I¿Ø-hy-ßsf auen-Im-h-Im-i-ß-tfm-sSm∏w khn-tij {]m[m\yw I¬∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂hbmWvauenI I¿Ø-hy-߃. ̀ mc-Xob ]uc∑m¿ auenIhIm-i-߃°v A¿l-am-bn-cn-°p-∂ Ahk-c-Øn¬ Xs∂ auen-I-amb I¿Øhy-߃ \n¿hln-°p-∂-Xn\p _m≤yX-bp-≈-h-cm-Wv. a‰v ]e cmPy-ß-fnepw \ne-hn-ep≈ ̀ c-W-L-S-\-I-fn¬ \n∂v hyXy-ÿ-ambn cmjv{S-tØmSpw kaq-l-tØmSpw Hcp ̀ mcXob ]uc≥ \n¿h-ln-t°≠ IS-abmWvauenI I¿Øhy߃.

\ΩpsS `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ FSpØp ]d-™n-́ p-ffauenI I¿Ø-hy-ßsf°p-dn®pff Cu ssI]pkvXIwXøm-dm-°p-hm≥ klm-bn® F√m kpa-\- p-Iƒ°pw,{]tXy-In®v A`n-̀ m-j-Icmb {io Fkv. kp`mjv Nμv,{io hn. Fw. iymwIp-am¿, {io tP°_v ]n Ae-Ivkv,{io tUm. sI. ]n. {]Zo-]v, {io sdPn tPm¿÷v, {io kμo]vA¶-cmØv F∂-nh-°pw IrX-⁄X tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. Cu

]pkvXIw A`n-am\ ]pc- cw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

sI kXy≥

saw_¿ sk{I-´dn (Pn√m PUvPn)tIcf kwÿm\ \nba tkh\ AtXm-dn‰n

6

7

`cWLS\sb A\pkcn°pIbpw AXns‚ BZ¿i-

ßsfbpw ÿm]-\-ß-sfbpw tZiob ]Xm-I-sbbpw

tZiob Km\-sØbpw BZcn°pIbpw sNøpI

kzmX-{¥yØn\p th≠n-bp-ff \ΩpsS tZiob ka-c-Øn\v

{]tNm-Z\w \¬Inb al-\o-bm-Z¿i-ßsf ]cn-t]m-jn-

∏n°p-Ibpw ]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw sNøpI

cmPy-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw sFIyhpw AJ-fi-Xbpw

Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°pIbpw kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI.

cmPysØ ImØp-kq-£n-°p-Ibpw tZiob tkh\w

A\pjvTn-°p-hm≥ Ah-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ A\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw

sNøpI.

aX]-chpw ̀ mjm-]-chpw {]mtZ-in-Ihpw hn`m-Ko-bhpamb

sshhn -[y -߃°-Xo -X -ambn `mc -X -Ønse F√m

P\߃°p-an -S -bn¬, kulm¿±hpw s]mXphmb

kmtlmZcy at\m-`m-hhpw ]pe¿ØpI, kv{XoI-fpsS

A¥ n\v Ipdhp hcp-Øp∂ BNm-c-߃ ]cn-Xy-Pn-°pI.

\ΩpsS kΩn{i kwkvIm -c -Øns‚ kº∂amb

]mcºcysØ hne-a-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI

h\-ßfpw XSm-I-ßfpw \Zn-Ifpw h\y-Po-hn-Ifpw

Dƒs∏Sp∂ {]IrXym D≈ ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw

A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sp -Øp-Ibpw Pohn-I-tfmSv ImcpWyw

ImWn°pIbpw sNøp-I.

imkv{Xo-b-amb Imgv®∏mSpw am\-hn-I-Xbpw, At\z-j-

WØn\pw ]cn-jv°-c-W-Øn\pap≈ at\m-`mhw hnI-kn-

∏n°pI.

s]mXp-kzØv ]cn-c-£n-°p-Ibpw i]Yw sNbvXv A{Iaw

Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI

cmjv{Sw bXv\-Øn-s‚bpw e£y-{]m-]vXn-bp-tSbpw

D∂XXe-ß-fn-te°v \nc-¥c Db-c-Ø-°-hÆw hy‡n-

]chpw Iq´m-bva-bp-amb {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ F√m afie-

ß-fnepw DXvIr-jvS-Xbv°p th≠n A≤zm-\n-°pI

Bdn\pw ]Xn-\m-en\pw CS°p {]mb-ap≈ Xs‚

Ip´nt°m c£y_me-It\m, AXXp kwKXn t]mse,

amXm-]n-Xm°tfm c£m-I¿Ømthm hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-

\p≈ Ah-kc-߃ Dd-∏p-hcp-Øp-I.

D≈-S°w

A\p-tO-Zw- aueoI I¿Ø-hy-߃ t]Pv

51 (a)

51 (b)

51 (c)

51 (d)

51 (e)

51 (f)

51 (g)

51 (h)

51 (i)

51 (j)

51 (k)

9-10

11

12-13

14-15

16-17

18-20

21-22

23-24

25-27

28

29-30

8

9

A\p-tOZw 51 - A (a)

`cWLS\sb A\pkcn°pIbpw AXns‚ BZ¿i-

ß-sfbpw ÿm]-\-ß-sfbpw tZiob ]Xm-I-sbbpw

tZio-b Km\-sØbpw BZcn°pIbpw sNøpI

\ΩpsS ̀ cWLS-\ \Ωp°v Nne Ah-Im-i-߃

Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂p-≠v. AtXm-sSm∏w \ap°v \ΩpsS

cmPytØmSpw kaq-l-tØmSpw Nne I¿Ø-hy-߃

IqSn D≠v. Ah auenI I¿Ø-hy-߃ F∂v Adn-b-

s∏-Sp-∂p. `cWLS-\bpsS IVA `mK-Øn¬ 51 A (a)

A\p-tOZw auenI I¿Ø-hy-ßsf°pdn-®p-f-f-Xm-Wv.

`cWLS-\sb A\p-kcn°pIbpw AXns‚ BZ¿i-

ß-sfbpw ÿm]-\-ß-sfbpw tZio-b -]-Xm-I-sbbpw

tZio-b Km\-sØbpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-

Xm-Wv BZysØ auenI I¿Ø-hy-w. BbXp 51 A (a)

A\p-tOZØn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. \nc-h[n

sshPm-Xy-߃ Dff \qdv tImSn-bn-tesd P\-߃

]m¿°p∂ AXn-hn-im-e-amb \ΩpsS cmPy-Øn\v A\p-

tbm-Py-amb coXn-bn-emWv \ΩpsS `cWLS-\ Fgp-X-

s∏-́ n-́ p-f-fXv. \oXn, ka-Xzw, kzmX-{¥yw, kmtlm-Zcyw

F∂o BZ¿i-ßfn¬ A[n-jvTn -X-amWv \ΩpsS

`cWLS-\. \ΩpsS cmPy-Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw

kmaq-ly-t£-a-Øn\pw th≠n `cWLS-\m\pkr-X-

ambn {]h¿Øn-t°-≠Xv AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.

AXn-\m¬ `cWLS-\sb A\p-k-cn-°pI F∂Xv

\ΩpsS {]Ya auenI I¿Ø-hy-ambn amdp∂p.

\ΩpsS `cWLS-\bn¬ hnh-£n-°p∂ `cW

ÿm]-\-ß-fmWv ]m¿e-sa‚ v, \nb-a-k-`, kp{]o-wtIm-

S-Xn, sslt°m-S-Xn, ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n, ]©m-bØv

apXembh. \ΩpsS cmPy-Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw

10

P\ßfpsS k¥pjvSn°pambn \ne-sIm-f-fp∂ B ÿm]-

\-ßsf \Ωƒ BZ-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

\ΩpsS tZio-b -]-Xm-I-bmb {Xnh¿Æ ]XmI

kzmX-{¥y ka-c-Øn-s‚-bpw, kmtlm-ZcyØn-s‚-bpw

{]XoI-am-Wv. Imhn, shf-f, ]® \nd-ßfpw AtimI

N{Ihpw A¶nXamb {Xnh¿Æ ]-Xm-I-sb BZ-cn-

°pIbpw Db-¿Øn∏n-Sn-°pIbpw sNøpI hgn \Ωƒ

\ΩpsS cmPy-Øns‚ A`n-am-\-sØbpw aqey-ß-sfbpw

kwc-£n-°p-∂p. {Xnh¿Æ ]-Xm-I-bpsS ]hn-{XX \jvS-

s∏-Sp-Øp∂ hn[w {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv ]Xm-I-tbmSpw

cmPy-tØmSpw Xs∂bpff A\m-Z-c-hm-Ip-∂p. tZio-b

-]-Xm-Isb BZ-cn°pw hn[w s]cp-am-dt≠Xv Hmtcm

]uct‚bpw auenI I¿Ø-hy-amIp-∂p. tZio-b -]-XmI-

Ft∏mƒ, FhnsS, F{]-Imcw B¿s°√mw D]-tbm-

Kn°mw F∂-Xns\ Ipdn-°p∂ \nbaw \ne-hn¬ D≠v.

AXns\ ewLn°p-∂-Xn-\v in£-bp-ap≠v. tZio-b -

]XmI- aen-\-am-°p∂Xpw ]hn-{X-X°p tIm´w X´pw

hn[w ssIImcyw sNøp-∂Xpw ta¬∏-d™ auenI

I¿ØhyØns‚ ewL-\ambn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp∂p.

\ΩpsS tZio-b Km\w \Ωfn¬ cmjv{S-t_m-[hpw

cmPyØns‚ AJ-fi-Xbpw DZvtLmjn-°p∂p. tZiob

-]-Xm-I t]mse Xs∂ BZ-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠XmWv tZiob

Km\hpw. tZio-b Km\w Be-]n-°p-∂-hcpw t{imXm-°fpw

XZvk-abw B Km\-tØmSv _lp-am -\ -]p -c - cw

h¿Ønt°≠Xv \ΩpsS auenI I¿Ø-hy-amWv. NSßp-

I-fnepw BtLm-j-ß-fnepw tZio-b Km\mem]\ ka-bØv

Fgp-t∂‰v \n∂v Bem-]\w Xocp-∂Xp hsc {i≤-tbmsS

{ihn-°p-Ibpw IqsS Be-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂Xv tZio-b

Km\tØmSpff \ΩpsS BZ-c-hns‚ {]I-S-\-amIp∂p.

11

A\p-tOZw 51 - A (b)

kzmX-{¥yØn\p th≠n-bp-ff \ΩpsS tZiob ka-c-

Øn\v {]tNm-Z\w \¬Inb al-\o-bm-Z¿i-ßsf

]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]n≥Xp-S-cp-Ibpw sNøpI

kzmX-{¥yØn\p th≠n-bp-ff tZiob ka-c-Øn\v

{]tNm-Z\w \¬Inb al-Ømb Bi-b-ßsf ]cn-t]m-jn-

∏n-°p-Ibpw ]n≥Xp-S-cp-Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xv \ΩpsS

auenI I¿Ø-hy-amWv. temI-Ønse a‰p kzmX-{¥y

kac-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw \ΩpsS kzmX-{¥y ka-csØ

hyXy-ÿ-am-°p-∂-Xv -B-b-Xn\v \Ωƒ ]n¥p-S¿∂ aqey-

ß-fm-Wv. Alnw-k, kXy-k-‘X XpS-ßn-bh Bb-

Xn¬ NneXp am{X-am-Wv. c‡-]-¶ne-amb Hcp ka-c-am-

bn-cp-∂n√ \ΩfptSXv. hntZ-in-bmb {_n´o-jp-Im-cs\

lnwkm-fl-Iambn B{I-an-°p-∂Xv B ka-c-Øn¬

\njn-≤-am-bn-cp-∂p. kl-\-Øm-epw, kXym-{Klw apXemb

kzbw kwkvI-cn-°p∂ coXn-I-fnepw Du∂n-bpff

kzmX{¥y ka-camWv \Ωƒ \bn-®-Xv. PmXn aX Nn¥-

Iƒ°-Xo-X-ambn ̀ mc-Xob¿ H‰-s°-́ mbn \S-Ønb kXym-

{Kl ka-c-Øns‚ A¥: Ø \ne \n¿tØ-≠Xv Hmtcm

]uc≥t‚bpw ISa-bm-Wv. “kXy-tah PbtX” F∂

BZ¿iw apdpsI ]nSn®p sIm≠p-ff kac-Øn¬ FXn¿

]£-tØm-Sp-ff _lp-am\hpw Bfl-kw-b-a-\hpw am¿§-

Z¿i-\-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p.

B al-Ømb BZ¿i-ßsf ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-

°pIbpw ]n≥Xp-S-cp-Ibpw sNøpI F∂XmWv \ΩpsS

auenI I¿Ø-hyßfn¬ c≠ma-Xmbn \njv°¿jn-®n-

cn-°p∂Xv.

12

A\p-tOZw 51 - A (c)

cmPy-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw sFIyhpw AJ-fi-Xbpw

Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°pIbpw kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI.

`mcX ̀ c-W-L-S-\-bpsS IVA ̀ mKØn¬ 51 - A (c)

A\p-tOZØn¬ ]d-bp∂ aq∂m-aXv auenI I¿Øhy-

{]Imcw cmPy-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw sFIyhpw

AJfi-Xbpw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn\pw kwc-£n-°p-

∂Xn\pw Hmtcm ]uc\pw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzap≠v. `c-W-

LS\bpsS Bap-J-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ hy‡-amb aqey-ß-

fmWv ]c-am-[n-Imcw, sFIyw, AJ-fi-X F∂n-h. \ΩpsS

cmjv{SsØ Hcp ]c -am -[n -Imc P\m -[n -]Xy

cmjv{Sambn´mWv sI´n-∏-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. `mc-X-Ønse

P\-ß-fmWv cmPysØ ]c-am-[n-Imc i‡n. cmPy-Øn\p

]pdØp \n∂pff at‰-sX-¶nepw cmjv{Sob i‡n°v

`mcXw Iog vs∏-Sp -∂n√. F√m A¿∞-Ønepw

kºq¿Æhpw cmjvt{S-Xc kzm[o\ i‡n-Iƒ°v hnt[b-

a-√m-Ø-Xp-amb ]c-am-[n-Im-c i‡n-bmbn `c-W-L-S\

`mcXsØ hn`m-h\w sNøp∂p. Cu ]c-am-[n-Imcw F√m

kml-N-cy-ß-fnepw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-Ibpw kwc-£n-°-s∏-

Sp-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. B DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw ̀ c-W-I¿Øm-

°ƒ°v am{X-a-√, cmPysØ Hmtcm ]uc-t‚-Xp-amWv. AXv

Hmtcm ]uc-s‚-bpw aueo-I-amb I¿Ø-hy-amWv.

`mcXw \nc-h[n kwÿm-\-ß-fm¬ kwtbm-Pn-

Xamb GI cmjv{S-am-Wv. hnhn[ kwÿm-\-ßfpw

tI{μhpw XΩn-ep-ff kpK-ahpw kpZr-V-hp-amb A[n-Imc

hntI-{μo-I-cWw ̀ c-W-L-S\ Xs∂ hy‡-ambn \n›-bn-

®n-´p-≠v. `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS \me-Xn-cp-Iƒ°p-f-fn¬

HsØmcp-a-tbmsS {]h¿Øn-°p∂ AJ-fi-̀ m-c-X-sa∂

13

Z¿i\w \Ωƒ kzmwio-I-cn-°-Ww. hnL-S\ Nn¥m-K-Xn-

Itfbpw Bi-b-ß-tfbpw sNdpØp \n¬°p-∂-Xn\pw

C√mbva sNøp-∂-Xn\pw Ign-s™-¶n¬ am{Xta “Hscm‰

P\X Hscm‰ cmjv{Sw” F∂ ̀ c-W-L-S\m Z¿i\w ssIh-

cn-°m-\m-hp-I-bp-f-fq. ̀ mj-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hnhn[

kwÿm-\-߃ \ne-hn¬ hs∂-¶nepw AXv cmjv{S-Øns‚

sFIyØn\pw AJ-fi-Xbv°pw `wKw hcm-sX-bmWv

\S∏n-em-°n-b-Xv. aX-]-c-tam, ̀ mjm-]-c-tam, cmjv{Sob]-ctam,

BZ¿i-]ctam Bb bmsXmcp hn`m-Kob \ne]m-Sp

Isfbpw, AXv cmjv{S -Øns‚ sFIyØn\pw

AJfiXbv°pw tZmj-I-c-am-sW-¶n¬, Hcp `mc-Xob

]uc≥ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-cpXv. _mlyhpw B¥-cn-I-hpamb

hnLS\ i‡n-Isf cmjv{S-Øns‚ sFIyØn\pw

AJfi-Xbv°pw A]m-b-I-c-sa∂v Xncn-®-dn™v Ahsb

]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-sb-∂Xv Hmtcm ̀ mc-Xob ]uc-t‚-bpw

ASnÿm\ [¿Ω-am-Wv.- C¥y Hcp ]c-am-[n-Im-c, ÿnXn

kaXz, atX-X-c, P\m-[n-]-Xy dn∏-ªn-°mbn \ne-\n¬°-

W-sa¶n¬ AXns‚ ]c-am-[n -Im-chpw sFIyhpw

AJfiXbpw eh-teiw t]mepw tNm¿∂p- t]m-I-cpX.v

Hmtcm `mc-Xob ]uc\pw Xs‚ ASnÿm\ IS-a-bmbn

Cu hkvXpX a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNø-

W-sa∂v ̀ cW-L-S\ A\p-im-kn-°p-∂p. PmXn, aXw, h¿§w,

h¿Æw, P∑-tZiw F∂o th¿Xn-cn -hp-Iƒs°√mw

D]cnbmbn cmjv{S-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-cw sFIyX,

AJfi-X F∂nh Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn\pw kwc-£n-

°p-∂-Xn\pw k¿Δmfl\m kzbw ka¿∏n-°p-sa∂v \Ωp°v

{]Xn-⁄-sb-Sp°mw.

14

A\p-tOZw 51 - A (d)

cmPysØ ImØp-kq-£n-°p-Ibpw tZiob tkh\w

A\p-jvTn-°p-hm≥ Ah-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ A\pjvTn

°pIbpw sNøpI.

`c-W-L-S\bpsS 51 - A (d) A\p-tOZØn¬

]dbp∂ \mem-aØ auenI I¿Øhy-{]-Imcw cmjv{S-

amh-iys∏-Sp∂ ]£w ASn-b-¥nc kμ¿ -̀ß-fn¬ cmPy

c£bv°mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\pw cmjv{S-tk-h-\-Øn¬

]¶m-fn-bm-hp-∂-Xn\pw Hmtcm `mc-Xob ]uc\pw DØ-c-

hmZn -Xz -ap -≠v. `c-W-L-S\ `mcXØns‚ G‰hpw

kp{][m\amb \nb-a-am-Wv. as‰√m \nb-a-ßfpw `cW

LS\m\pkr-X-ambmWv \n¿Ωn°-s∏-tS-≠Xv. ̀ c-W-L-S\

{][m-\-ambpw \nba \n¿ΩmW hn`mKw (Legislature),

Imcy-\n¿Δ-lW hn`mKw (Executive), \oXn-\n¿Δ-lW

hn`mKw (Judiciary) F∂n-h-bn-eq-sS-bmWv {]h¿Øn-°p-

∂-Xv. cmPy c£sb∂Xv ̀ c-W \n¿Δ-lW hn`mKØns‚

Iogn-ep-ff ]c-a-{]-[m-\-amb Npa-X-e-I-fn-sem-∂m-Wv.

_mlyhpw B`y-¥-c-hp-amb ZpjvS i‡n-I-fn¬ \n∂v

cmjv{S-tØbpw AXnse P\ßtfbpw kwc-£n-°p-I-sb-

∂-Xv cmPy c£bpsS ̀ mK-am-Wv. F¶n¬ am{Xta cmjv{S-

Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw AJfi-Xbpw ImØp-c-£n-°p-

∂-Xn\v km[n-°p-I-bp-ffq. _mlyhpw B`y-¥-c-hp-amb

B{I-a-W-ßsf sNdpØp tXm¬∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Acm-P-

I-Xzw C√m-Xm-°p-∂-Xn\pw kam-[m\w \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-

Xn\pw `mc-X-Øn\v kpi-‡hpw kpkwLSnX-hp-amb

ssk\nI i‡n-bp-≠v. \ΩpsS cmjv{S-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp-ff

GXv B{I-a-W-sØbpw [oc-ambn t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn\pw

kºq¿Æ-ambn XI¿sØ-dn -bp -∂-Xn\pw AXn\v

15

i‡nbp≠v. F∂m¬ Nne ASn-b-¥nc kμ¿ -̀ß-fn-¬

cmPyc£bv°mbn ssk\nI tkh-\-\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xn\pw

cmjv{SsØ {]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Hmtcm ]uc\pw

ISabp≠v.

`qI -ºw, {]f -bw, hcƒ® XpS -ßnb

A{]Xo£nXamb {]IrXn Zpc-¥-߃, \n¿`m-Ky-I-c-

amb B`y-¥c Iem-]-߃, A\n-b-{¥n-X-amb tcmK

Zp-cn-X-߃ F∂nh a\p-jysc sImSnb IjvS∏m-Sp-Ifn-

te°pw Ah-i-X-I-fn-te°pw \bn-s®-∂p-h-cmw. `c-W

\n¿Δ-lW hn`mKw F{X-b-[nIw Bflm¿∞X-tbmsS

{]h¿Øn-s®∂p hcn-Inepw Ah-sbm∂pw aXn-bm-

hmsX hcp∂ Zp :JI-c -amb ÿnXn hntijw

D≠msb∂p hcmw. AØcw kμ¿ -̀ß-fn¬, kl-Pohn

kwc-£WØn-\mbn cmjv{S tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-t°-≠Xv

Hmtcm `mc -Xob ]uc-t‚bpw auen -I -amb

I¿ØhyamWv. cmjv{SØns‚- kkykºØpw,

arKkºØpw, {]IrXn hn`-hßfpw kwc-£n°p∂-

Xn\mbn AØcw ASn-b-¥nc kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ X∂m-

emhpw hn[w cmjv{Stkh-\-Øn-\mbn k∂-≤-cm-hp-∂-

Xn\v `mcXob ]uc-∑m¿°v _m[y-X-bp-≠v. AXv

`cWLS-\m]-c-amb Npa-X-e-I-fn-sem-∂m-Wv. cmjv{Samh-

iy-s∏-Sp∂ ]£w ASn-b-¥nc L -́ß-fn¬ cmPy c£-

bv°mbpw cmjv{Stkh-\Øn\mbpw kZm-k-∂-≤-cm-hp-

sa∂v \ap-t°m-tcm-cp-Ø¿°pw k¿Δm-fl\m {]Xn-⁄-sb-

Sp-°mw.

16

A\p-tOZw 51 - A (e)

aX]-chpw `mjm-]-chpw {]mtZ-in-Ihpw hn`m-Ko-

bhpamb sshhn-[y-߃°-Xo-X-ambn `mc-X-Ønse

F√m P\-߃°p-an-S-bn¬, kulm¿±hpw s]mXp-

hmb kmtlm-Zcy at\m-`m-hhpw ]pe¿ØpI,

kv{XoI-fpsS A¥- n\v Ipdhp hcp-Øp∂

BNm-c-߃ ]cn-Xy-Pn-°pI.

C¥y-bpsS Ncn-{Xhpw kwkvIm-chpw ]Tn-®n-́ p≈

F√m-hcpw Xs∂ Cu ̀ q{]-tZ-i-Øns‚ G‰hpw {]I-S-amb

khn-ti-j-X-bmbn FSpØp ]d-™n-´p-≈Xv AXns‚

\m\mXzw AYh sshhn-[y-amWv. `qan imkv{X-]-chpw,

`mjm-]-chpw, kmaq-ln-Ihpw, kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw, aX-

]chpamb kakvX cwKß-fnepw AXn-i-bn-∏n-°p∂

sshhn[yw Z¿in-°phm\mIpw.

]s£, Cu sshhn -[y -ßsf sshcp -≤y -

ßfnte°pw, kwL-´-\-ß-fn-te°pw FØn°msX

Ahsb Iq´n-bn-W°n, ka-c-k-s∏-Sp-Øn, ka-\z-bn-∏n-

°p∂ GI-Xz-Øns‚ km∂n≤yhpw, Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿

AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv, “\m\-Xz-Øn¬

GIXzw” F∂ bmYm¿∞y-w C¥y≥ kwkvIm-c-Øns‚

apJ-ap{Zbmbn Ah¿ Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂-Xv. Pohn-X-Øns‚

A¿∞-sØbpw, e£y-sØbpw kw_-‘n® s]mXp

kzoIm-cy-amb Z¿i-\amWv, AYh B[ym-flo-I-X-bmWv

Cu sshhn-[y-ßsf ka-\z-bn-∏n-°p∂ LSIw F∂pw

hy‡-am-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.

Ncn-{X-Øns‚ A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb {]hm-l-Øn¬

C¥y≥ P\-X-bpsS s]mXp kvac-W-bn¬ \n∂v

GIXzsØ kw_-‘n® Cu t_m[w ad™p

17

t]mIm\nS-bmbn. C¥y≥ B≤ym-flnI t_m[sØ

D∑n-j-Øm-°nb `‡n {]kvYm-\hpw (15 apX¬ 17 \q‰m-

≠p-Iƒ hsc), C¥y≥ tZiob t_m[sØ DW¿Øn

i‡n-s∏-Sp-Ønb C¥y≥ kzmX{¥y ka-c-hp-amWv

“\m\-Xz -Øn¬ GIXzw” F∂ kmwkvIm -cnI

bmYm¿∞ysØ C¥y≥ a\- n¬ ]p\: {]Xn-jvTn-®Xv.

kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥c C¥y A\p-h¿Øn-®p-h-cp∂ P\m-

[n-]Xy {]bm-W-Øn¬ Cu hkvXpX Hm¿an-t°-≠Xpw

]men-t°-≠Xpw \ΩpsS kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ ]cn-c-

£°pw kwkvIm -c -Øns‚ hmNo -I -c -W-Øn\pw

A\nhmcy-am-Ip-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ]uc∑m-cpsS IS-

a-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p∂ `c-W-L-S\m `mKØv C¥y-°m¿

{]mtZ-in-Ihpw, `mjm-]-chpw, aX-]-c-hp-amb hyXym-k-

ßsf AXnh¿Øn®p-sIm≠v, Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ kmtlm-

Z-cyhpw, ka-̀ m-h-\bpw sFIyhpw bmYm¿∞y-am-°m≥

]cn-{i-an-°-W-sa∂v \njvI¿jn-°p-∂Xv. kmtlm-Z-

cyhpw, ka-`m -h -\bpw cq] -s∏-S -W-sa -¶n¬ P\-

kwJybn¬ ]Ip-Xn-bn-e-[nIw hcp∂ kv{XoI-fpsS

Ahÿ IqSn {]tXyIw ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠Xp≠v. C¥y-

bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xv Hcp ]pcp-j-ta-[m-hnXz kaq-l-

am-sW∂ bmYm¿∞yw \mw AwKo-I-cnt® aXn-bmIq.

F√m A¿∞-Ønepw F√m Xe-ß-fnepw ]pcp-j-∑m-

tcm-sSm∏w ka-Xz-Øn\pw, A¥- n\pw A¿l-cmWv

kv{XoIƒ F∂v C¥y≥ ]uc∑m¿ Adn-bp-Ibpw, AwKo-

I-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw. a\pjy-Xz-Øns‚ ss\k¿§n-I-

amb hf¿®°pw, GI-Xz-Øns‚ cq]o-I-c-W-Øn\pw CXv

Hgn®p-Iq-Sm-\m-hmØ Hcp ap≥ D]m-[n-bm-Ip-∂p. AXp-

sIm-≠mWv kv{XoI-fpsS A¥- n\p £X-ta¬∏n-°m-

\n-S-bp≈ F√mØcw {]h¿Øn-I-sfbpw BNm-c-ß-

sfbpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-t°-≠Xv C¥y≥ ]ucs‚ IS-a-bmbn

\njvI¿°-s∏Sp∂Xv.

18

A\p-t—Zw 51 - A (f)

\ΩpsS kΩn{i kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ kº∂amb

]mc-ºcysØ hne-a-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI

C¥y≥ kwkvImcw ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°v F∂pw Hcp

{]tl-fn-I-bmbn A\p-`-h-s∏-´n-´p≠v. ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-

amsW∂v Icp-Xm-hp∂ `n∂ LS-I-߃ \ap°v AXn¬

ImWm≥ Ignbpw. F∂m¬, ̀ n∂ kzc-ß-fpsS eb-\-Øn¬

\n∂p-bn¿sIm-≈p∂ kzc-ebw t]mse-bmWv C¥y≥

kwkvIm-c-sa∂v kq£va \nco-£-W-Øn¬ hy‡-amIpw.

kzman hnth-Im-\-μ\pw, alm-flm-Km-‘nbpw, Kpcp-tZhv

SmtKmdpw, al¿jn Ac-hn-μ\pw, tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW\pw

Cu ImgvN-∏mSv ]¶n-Sp-∂-h-cm-Wv.

kXyw ̨ bmYm¿∞yw ̨ GIhpw AZzn-Xo-b-hp-amWv

F∂ Dƒ°m-gvN ̀ mc-Xob Z¿i-\-Øn-s‚bpw, kwkvIm-c-

Øns‚bpw ASn-ÿm\ \ne-]m-SmWv. kXyw GI-

amsW¶nepw kXym-t\z-j-W-Øn\v kz¥w am¿§w Ah-

ew-_n-°m≥ Hmtcm hy‡n-°p-ap≈ kzmX{¥yw ̀ mcXob

Z¿i\w AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Hmtcm-cp-Ø\pw Ah-\-hs‚

kXy-Z¿i\w thW-sa∂pw, F∂m¬ Xt‚Xp am{X-amWv

]c-a-amb kXyw F∂ imTyw A]-I-S-I-c-am-sW-∂pw,

h¿Py-am-sW∂pw Ejnam¿ Bh¿Øn®v Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øn-

bn-́ p-≠v.

CXc Z¿i-\-ß-tfmSpw, aX-ß-tfm-Spw, kwkvIm-c-

ß-tfmSpw F∂pw Hcp Xpd∂ kao-]-\-amWv C¥y≥ a\ v

kzoI-cn®p t]m∂n-́ p-≈Xv. temIØns‚ F√m `mKØp

\n∂p-ap≈ al-Ømb Nn¥-Iƒ kzX-{¥-ambn IS∂p

hcs´ F∂ kzmKX hN\w `mc-X-Øns‚ G‰hpw

]ucmWnI {KŸ-amb EKvthZ-Øn¬ \mw hmbn-°p∂p.

19

\√-Xns\ kzmwio-I-cn-°m\pw kz¥-am-°p-hm-\p-ap≈

Hcp khn-ti-j i‡n, Aßns\ C¥y≥ kwkvImcw

B¿÷n®p.

kwt£-]n®p ]d-™m¬, Xpd∂ kao-]\w

]pe¿Øn, BZm-\-{]-Zm-\-ß-fn¬°qSn cq]-s∏ v́ ]cn-]pjvSn

{]m]n-®Xpw, C∂pw A\p-£Ww hnI-kn®p sIm≠n-cn-

°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp ssPh kwkvIr-Xn-bmWv C¥y≥

kwkvImcw. B≤ym-flnI-X-bpsS \mSm-bmWv C¥y Adnb-

s∏-Sp-∂Xpw BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw. C¥y≥ kwkvIm-c-

Øns‚ BWn-°√v B≤ym-fln-I-X-bmsW∂v ]e Nn¥-

Icpw FSpØp ]d-bp-∂pap≠v. C¥y≥ kwkvImcw

tIhew Bflo-b-hm-Z-]-chpw AXp-sIm≠v Pohn-X-Øns‚

`uXoI Xe-ßsf AwKo-I-cn-°m-Ø-Xp-amWv F∂v

CXpsIm≠v A¿∞-am-hp-∂n√. BflobhmZ-tØm-sSm∏w

`uXo-I-hm-Zhpw hnI-kn-® \mSmWv ̀ mcXw.

aX-ß-fpsS \mSv F∂pw C¥y hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-

Sm-dp≠v. sslμh [¿Ωhpw, AXn¬ \n∂v hnI-kn®

ssP\ ̨ _u≤ [¿Ω-ßfpw C¥y-bpsS X\Xv krjvSn-I-

fm-Wv. kao] {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ P∑-sa-SpØv hnI-kn®

ss{IkvX-h, C…m-anI [¿Ω-ßsfbpw C¥y Xpd∂

a\t msS kzmKXw sNbvXp. Ahbv°v ChnsS ]pe-cp-

∂-Xn\pw, hf-cp-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ kuIcy߃ sNbvXp

sImSpØp. Ah-bnse \√ Awi-߃ kzmwio-I-cn®v kzbw

]pXp°p-∂-Xn-\pw, im‡o-I-cWw {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn\pw

sslμh [¿Ωw k∂-≤-ambn. Aßs\ aX kulm¿±hpw

kl-h¿Øn-Xzhpw C¥y≥ kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ Ahn-̀ m-Py-

L-S-I-ambnXo¿∂p.

\nc -h[n a\p -jy¿°v aXw Pohn -X-Øns‚

Ahn`mPy LS-I-am-Wv. a\p-jysc ]c-kv]cw {]]©

kwhn-[m-\-hp-ambn _‘n-∏n-t°≠ aXw \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬

C∂v Hcp hn`-P\ i‡n-bmbn Xo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. aXw

20

Nnet∏m-sg√mw `oIc {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v t{]c-W-

bmbnØocp-∂p. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ C¥y≥ ]ucs‚

I¿Øhyw F¥mWv? hy‡hpw, efn-X-hp-amWv C¥y≥

kwkvImcw \¬Ip∂ DØcw. C¥y≥ kwkvIm-c-Øns‚

ASn-ÿm\ {]am-W-ß-fmb kln-jvWp-Xbpw, ka-̀ m-h-

\bpw AwKo-I-cn®v Ahsb kz¥w I¿Ω-a-fi-e-ß-fn¬

]men®pw, ]cn-]m-en-®pw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

C{]-Imcw sNbvXm¬ am{Xta kz¥w ]ucXzw

A¿∞ ]q¿Æ-am-hp-I-bp≈q F∂p \mw Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww.

21

A\p-tOZw 51 - A (g)

h\-ßfpw XSm-I-ßfpw \Zn-Ifpw h\y-Po-hn-Ifpw

Dƒs∏Sp∂ {]IrXym D≈ ]cn-ÿnXn

kwc£n°pIbpw A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw

PohnI-tfmSv ImcpWyw ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£Ww Hcp ]ucs‚ auenI

I¿Øhyam-sW∂v ̀ c-W-L-S-\-bpsS A\p-tOZw 51A(g)

\njvI¿jn-°p-∂p. ImSpw, XSm-I-ßfpw, ]pg-Ifpw, h\y-

Pohn -Ifpw a‰pw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ ]cn -ÿ-nXnsb

kwc£n°pIbpw ]men-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv Hcp

]ucs‚ I¿ØhyamsW∂v `c-WLS\ A\p-im-kn-

°p-∂p. IqSmsX, ]-£n-ar-Km-Zn-I-tfmSv klm-\p-̀ q-Xnbpw

Icp-Wbpw {]I-Sn-∏n-°-W-sa∂pw `c-W-L-S\ Hm¿Ωn-

∏n -°p-∂p≠v. {]Ir-Xn-tbmSpw PohPme-ß-tfmSpw

BZchpw ]cn-]m-e\hpw ImWn-°p∂ cmjv{S-Øn\v

am{Xta DZm-Øhpw imiz-X-hp-amb ]ptcm-KXn e`y-amIq.

{]Ir-Xnsb amXm-hmbn I≠v, AXn-t\m-Sn-Wßn Pohn-°p∂

]mc-º-cy-am-Wv B¿j-̀ m-c-X- kw-kvIm-c-Øn-\p-≈-Xv. al-

\o-b-amb B kmwkvImcnI ]mc-º-cy-amWv `c-W-L-S-\-

bnepw shfn-hm-Ip-∂Xv. a\pjyk-aq-lhpw cmjv{Shpw

H∂pw {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v th¿s] v́ \n¬°p-∂-h-b-√. a‰p

Poh-Pm-e-ß-fqtSXv t]mse a\p-jy\pw kzbw \n¿Ωn®

Ahs‚ Bhmk hyh-ÿ-bmWv kaq-lhpw cmjv{S-hp-

sams°. {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v Xs∂-bmWv AXns‚sbms°

D¤-hhpw. AXn-\m¬ {]Ir-Xnsb Ah-K-Wn-®p- sIm-≠p≈

Hcp a\pjy {]bXv\-Øn\pw \ne-\n-¬∏n√. A\n-b-{¥n-X-

amb {]Ir-Xn-bpsS NqjWw hym]-I-amb k¿h-\m-i-

Øn\pw tlXp-hm-Ipw. AXvsIm≠v {]Ir-Xnsb kwc-£n-

22

t°-≠Xpw ]cn -]m -en -t°-≠Xpw kpÿn-c -amb

cmjv{S]ptcm-K-Xn°v A\n-hm-cy-amWv. am{X-a√, {]Ir-

Xn-tbmSv ka-c-k-s∏´p Pohn-®m¬ am{Xta kpZr-U-amb

Hcp ]uc-k-aqlw cq]-s]-Sp-I-bp-≈q.

]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£-WsØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ \nba-

ßfpw hn[n-\ym-b-ßfpw Ah-ew-_w B°n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv

`c-W-L-S-\-bpsS Cu N -́sØ-bm-Wv. F√m Xc-Øn-ep≈

Poh-t\bpw _lp-am-\n-°p∂ Hcp P\X kwkvIm-c-Øns‚

D∂-X-amb Hcp t{iWn-bn¬ D≈-Xm-bn-cn°pw. AØcw

DZmØ-amb Hcp kmwkvIm-cnI D∂Xn `mc-X-Øn\v

km[y-amIWw F∂mWv `c-W-L-S\ hn`m-h\w sNøp-

∂-Xv. Hmtcm hy‡n-bptSbpw {]h¿Øn-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv

kwkvImcw cq]-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. AXn-\memWv, Hcp ]ucs‚

auenI I¿Ø-hyßfn -¬ H∂mbn ]cn -ÿnXn

kwc£Ww tN¿°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

23

A\p-tOZw 51 - A (h)

imkv{Xo-b-amb Imgv®∏mSpw am\-hn-I-Xbpw, At\z-j-

W-Øn\pw ]cn-jv°-c-W-Øn\pap≈ at\m-̀ mhw hnI-kn-

∏n-°p-I.

kpÿn-chpw i‡-hp-amb Hcp cmjv{S\n¿ΩmWw

am{X-a√, B cmjv{S-Ønse ]uc-∑m-sc√mw Hcp hyIvXn

F∂ \ne-bn¬ kºq¿Æhpw ka-{K-hp-amb hf¿®

ssIhcn-°-W-sa∂pw `c-W-L-S\ DtZ-in-°p-∂p≠v.

khnti-j-amb hy‡n-Xz-Øn\v DS-a-Iƒ Bbn-cn-°Ww

]uc-∑m¿ F√m-hcpw. imkv{Xobat\m -`m -hw,

a\pjyXzw, Pn⁄mk, At\z-j-W-Xzc Ch-sbms°

\thm-∞m\ ImeL-́ -Ønse ASn-ÿm\aqey-ß-fm-Wv.

Ncn-{X-Ønse G‰hpw henb kmwkvIm-cnI ]ptcm-

KXn kw` -hn® \thm -∞m\ Ime-L-´ -Øn¬,

a\pjya\ p-Isf \bn-®n-cp-∂Xv Cu aqey-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p.

kzX-{¥-ambn Nn¥n-°p∂ hy‡n-Isf sIm≠v \nd™

Hcp kaqlw hm¿sØ-Sp-°pI F∂ al-\ob e£y-amWv

Cu N -́Øn¬ {]Xn-̂ -en®v ImWn-°p-∂Xv.

imkv{Xob at\m-̀ mhw F∂Xv a\p-jy-bp-‡n°v

am{Xw {]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂ Nn¥m-K-Xn-bm-Wv. H∂n-t\bpw

IÆ-S®v hniz-kn-°msX, kzX-{¥-ambn hni-I-e\w

sNbvXn v́ AXv bp‡n`{Z-am-sW∂v ImWp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

am{Xw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ Nn¥m-coXn. Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcp

kaqlw hfsc Ne-\m-fl-Ihpw {]_p-≤-hp-am-bn-cn°pw.

\ho\ Bi-b-ßfpw ]pØ≥ krjvSn-Ifpw \nc-¥cw

_ln¿§-an°pw AØcw Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬ \n∂v.

]mcºcyßfp-sSbpw hnizm-k-ß-fp-sSbpw BNm-cm-\p-

jvSm-\-ß-fp-sSbpw _‘-\-ß-fn¬ s]´v Po¿Æn-°p∂

24

Hcp kaq-l-am-bn-cn-°n√ AXv. At\zj-W-Xz-cbpw

Pn⁄mkbpw a\p-jys\ IqS-pX¬ Adn-hn-te°v \bn°pw

A⁄X-bpsS Ccp´v a\- p-I-fn¬ \n∂v \o°w sNø-

s∏Spw

AXpt]mse, a\p -jys‚ A¥ Ø

aXØnt‚bpw PmXn-bp-sSbpw sI´p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ \n∂v

hos≠Sp-°pI F∂Xpw kmwkvIm-cnI ]ptcm-K-Xn°v Bh-

iy-amWv. aXw, PmXn, tZiw, ̀ mj F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ kzXz-

߃°v AXo-X-amWv Hcp hy‡n-bpsS aqeyw. a\p-jy-mh-

ÿsb AwKo-I-cn-°pI; Ahs‚ hy‡n-XzsØ hne-a-Xn-

°pI. Aß-s\-bp≈ Nn¥m-K-Xn-bp≈ ]cnXÿn-Xn-I-fn¬

am{Xta Hcp-h\v Xs‚ hy‡nXzw ]q¿Æ-ambn Xncn-®-dn-

bm\pw Xs‚ tijn-Isf ̂ e-{]-Z-ambn hnI-kn-∏n-°m\pw

km[y-am-Iq.

⁄m\-Ønepw k¿Km-fl-I-X-bnepw Pzen-°p∂ Hcp

kwkv°m-c-ambn `mcXw amd-W-sa-¶n¬, ]uc-∑m¿

CØcw \thm-∞m\ aqey-߃ kzmio-I-cn-°Ww.

AXp-sIm≠mWv, CØcw Nn¥m-KXn hf¿ØpI

F∂Xv Hcp I¿Ø-hyambn `c-W-L-S\ \njvI¿jn-

°p-∂-Xv.

25

A\p-tOZw 51 - A (i)

s]mXp-kzØv ]cn-c-£n-°p-Ibpw i]Yw sNbvXv A{Iaw

Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI

s]mXp-ap-X-ep-IfpsS kwc-£Ww `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-

IfpsS am{Xw Npa-X-e-b-√. \ΩpsS ̀ c-W-L-S\ A\p-tOZw

51 F(-sF) bn¬ hnh-£n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv ]ucs‚ Cu

]ca{][m\amb I¿Ø-hysØ°pdn-®m-Wv.

F¥mWv s]mXp-ap-X-ep-Iƒ F∂XpsIm≠v A¿∞-

am-°p-∂Xv ? ̀ c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ IrXyhpw hy‡-hp-amb Hcp

hni-Zo-I-c-W-an-s√-¶nepw 1984 se s]mXp-kzØp-°-fpsS

\miw XS-b¬ \nbaw hIp∏v 2(-_n) {]Imcw tI{μ-

k¿°m¿, kwÿ-m\ k¿°m-cp-Iƒ, Xt±i kzbw

-`-cW ÿm]-\-߃, tI{μ kwÿ-m\ \nba߃

{]Imcw ÿm]n-°-s∏-´n -´p≈ tIm¿∏-td-j-\p-Iƒ

F∂nhI-fpsS DSaÿXbntem, \nb-{¥-W-Øntem

D≈ ÿmh-c-˛-Pw-Ka hkvXp°ƒ s]mXp-ap-X-ep-Iƒ

As√-¶n¬ s]mXp-kz-Øp-°-fm-Wv.

IqSmsX 50 iX-am-\-Øn¬ Ipd-bmsX k¿°m¿

Hmlcn ]¶m-fnØap≈ Iº\nIfp-sSbpw tI{μ-k¿°m¿

{]tXyI hn⁄m-]\w hgn \n¿t±-in-®n-́ p≈ ÿm]-\-ß-

fp-sSbpw ÿmhc PwKa hkvXp-°-fp-w s]mXp kzØp-

°fpsS ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcpw.

s]mXp-kz-Øp-°ƒ°v GsX-¶nepw coXn-bn¬

\mi\-jvS-߃ D≠m-°p-∂Xv Bdp amkw apX¬ A©v

h¿jw hsc km[mcW XShpw e`n-°mhp∂ Ip‰-

IrXyamWv. s]mXp-ap-X-ep-Iƒ°v t_m[-]q¿Δ-ambn

\mi-\jvSw hcp-Øp∂ tIkp-I-fn¬ I¿i\ \S-]-Sn-

Iƒ thW-sa∂v kXojv Ipamdpw ae-_m¿ tZhkzw

26

t_m¿Upam-bp≈ tIkns‚ hn[n-\ym-b-Øn¬ tIcfm-

ssl-t°m-SXn Hm¿Ωn-∏n-®n-´p≠v. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂

s]mXp-ap-X-ep-Iƒ°v \mi-\jvSw hcp-Ønb tIkp-I-

fn¬ \S-]Sn t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿°v Pmayw e`n-°m≥ \mi-

\jvSw h∂ ÿmhc PwKa hkvXp°fpsS Xpey-amb

hne Pmay kwJy-bmbn sI´n-sh-°m≥ tImS-Xn-Iƒ

\njvI¿jn°mdp≠v.

Hcp \ntcm-[\ \nb-a-ap-≈-Xp-sImt≠m I¿°-

i-amb in£m-co-Xn-I-fp-≈-Xp-sImt≠m s]mXp kzØp-

°-fpsS kwc£Ww Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ Ign-b-W-sa-∂n√.

AXn-\mbn Hcp s]mXp Ah-t_m[w Xs∂ hf¿Øn-

s°m≠p hcm≥ \ap°p Ign-bWw. Hcp hy‡n, Xs‚

kzImcy kzØp°ƒ kwc-£n-°m≥ F{X-I≠v Pm{KX-

bp-≈-h-\mtWm AtX Imcy-£-a-X-bn¬ s]mXp kzØp-

°ƒ°v kwc-£Ww Dd∏p hcp-Øp-hm\pw Pm{KX ImWn-

°Ww.

hnZym -e -b -ß-fnepw Iem -e -b -ß-fnepw

s]mXp\ncØp-I-fn-ep-ap≈ ka-c-ß-fnepw {]Xn-tj[

]cn-]m-Sn-I-fnepw s]mXp-kz-Øp-°-fpsS \mi-\-jvS-

߃°v Imc-W-am-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ A{I-am-k-‡-amIm-

dp≠v. Hmtcm s]mXp-kzØpw \ΩpsS Xs∂ \nIpXn

]W-Øn-s‚bpw hnb¿∏n-s‚bpw krjvSn-bm-sW∂

t_m[w hf¿∂mte CØcw A{Iamk‡-amb ka-c-

co-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂v hn´p-\n¬°m≥ \ap°v t{]cW

\¬Ip-I-bp-≈q. Ah-Im-i-ew-L-\-߃°pw A\o-Xn-

Iƒ°pw FXn-tc-bp≈ {]Xn-tj-[-߃ {Inbm-flIhpw

amXr -Im -] -c -hp -am -bn -cn -°Ww. \io -I -cW-Øn\v

{]m[m\yw sImSp-Øp-sIm≠mbn-cn-°-cpXv.

A{I-am-k-‡-amb {]Xn-tj-[-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw

AØcw {]h¿Øn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw hn´p-\n¬°m≥ Hcp

]uc\p Npa-X-e-bp-s≠∂v `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS aueoI

27

I¿Ø-hy߃ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. 2004 se tPm¿÷v

Ipcy\pw tIcf kwÿm-\hpw XΩn-ep≈ tIkn¬ tIcfm

sslt°m-S-Xn-bpsS ^pƒs_©pw 2009 se kzta-[bm

cPnkv‰¿ sNbvX tIkn¬ kp{]ow tImS-Xnbpw Hmtcm

]uc-s‚bpw Cu aueoI I¿Ø-hyØns‚ {]m[m\yw

hniZoIcn-®n-´p-≠v. \ΩpsS hnZym-e-b-ß-fnse ]Tn-∏p-

apS°v ka-c-ß-sfms° kmam-[m\ coXn-bn -ep≈

_lnjvI-cW ka-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hgn-amdn s]mXp-

hml\-߃°v \jvSw hcp-Ønbpw sI´n-S-߃°v tISp-

]m-Sp-Iƒ hcp-Ønbpw A{I-am-k-‡-amb ka-c-co-Xn-I-

fmbn I≠p-h-cp-∂p. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ A{I-a-k-a-c-ß-

fn¬ \n∂v kzbw hn´p\n¬°p-Ibpw kl-]m-Tn-Isf

t_m[-h¬°-cn®v am‰n \n¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw Hmtcm

hnZym¿∞n°pw km[n-°-Ww. CØcw A{Ia ka-c-

߃ kmº-ØnI \jvS-߃ D≠m-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w

hcpØn hbv°p∂ ]cn-ÿnXn aen-\o-I-c-Whpw s]mXp-

P-\-߃°p-≠m-°p∂ A]-I-S-km-[y-X-Ifpw \Ωƒ

ImtW-≠n-cn°p∂p. hy‡n-Iƒ hnZym-k-º-∂-cm-Ip-tºm-

gm-Wv kaqlw ]cn-jvIr-X-am-Ip-∂Xv. \mw Hmtcm-cp-

Øcpw s]mXpkzØp-°-fpsS kwc-£Ww kz¥w

I¿Ø-hyambn I≠v apt∂m´v hcp-tºmƒ AXv as‰mcp

coXn-bn¬ cmjv{S \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\pw cmPy-]p-tcm-K-

Xn°pw th≠n-bp≈ kzbw tkh-\-ambn amdp-∂p.

28

A\p-tOZw 51 - A (j)

cmjv{Sw bXv\-Øn-s‚bpw e£y-{]m-]vXn-bp-tSbpw

D∂XXe-ß-fn -te°v \nc-¥c Db-c-Ø-°-hÆw

hy‡n-]-chpw Iq´m-bva-bp-amb {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚

F√m afi-e-ß-fnepw DXvIr-jvS-Xbv°p th≠n

A≤zm-\n-°pI

auenI I¿Ø-hy-ßfn¬ ]Øm-a-tØ-XmWv 51 A

(j) A\p-tO-Z-Øn¬ {]ÿm-hn-°-s∏-́ n-cn-°p∂Xv. Hmtcm

`mc-Xob ]uc\pw Ahs‚ hy‡n-]-chpw Iq´m-b-Xp-amb

{]h¿Ø-\- ta -J-e-I-fn¬ D∂-X-amb {]mK¤yw

t\Sp∂Xn\v ]cn{iant°-≠Xpw AXp-hgn ̀ mcXw \nc¥cw

t{ijvTXbpw A`yp-∂-Xnbpw ssIh-cn-t°-≠-Xp-amWv.

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw A\n-Xc km[mc-

W-amb kma¿∞y-Øn-eqsS {]mK¤yw t\Sp-∂-Xn\v Hmtcm

`mcXob ]uc\pw IS-a-bp≠v. hyI-Xn-bpsS Db¿® kaql-

Øns‚ Db¿®bpw XZzmc cmjv{S-Øns‚ Db¿®-bp-ambn

amtd-≠-Xp-≠v. Ae-k-Xbpw \njv{In-b-Xzhpw shSn™v

hy‡n Pohn -X-Ønepw kmaqly Pohn -X-Ønepw

A`yp∂Xn ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v k¿Δm-fl-\m ]cn-{i-an-

°p-∂-Xn\v Hmtcm `mc-Xo-b- ]u-c\pw IS-a-bp≠v. hy‡n

PohnXØns‚ ta∑bpw \∑bpw Db-cp-tºmƒ AXv

cmjv{SØns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS AS-bm-f-ambn amdp∂p.

cmjv{S-w \nc-¥cw t{ijvTX ssIh-cn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm

`mcXob ]uc\pw hnkva-cn-°msX ]n≥Xp-S-tc≠ `c-W-

LS\m aqey-amWv ta¬∏-d™ auenI I¿Ø-hy-ØneqsS

{]Imin-°p∂Xv.

29

A\p-tOZw 51 - A (k)

Bdn\pw ]Xn-\m-en\pw CS°p {]mb-ap≈ Xs‚

Ip´nt°m c£y _me-It\m, AXXp kwKXn

t]mse, amXm-]n-Xm-°tfm c£m-I¿Ømthm

hnZym`ym-k-Øn-\p≈ Ah-k-c-߃ Dd∏phcpØpI.

`c-W-L-S-\-bnse 51 A (k) A\p-tOZw Hmtcm

`mcXob ]uc-s‚bpw kp{]-[m-\-amb Hcp auenI

I¿Øhy-sØ°pdn®v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. `mc-Xob Pohn-X-

Øns‚ khn-ti-j-amb AS-bm-f-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv IpSpw_w.

hy‡n Pohn-X-Øns‚ t{ijvT-Xbpw kuμ-cyhpw IpSpw_

Pohn-X-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv kºq¿Æ-am-Ip-∂Xv. hy‡n,

IpSpw_w, kaq-lw, cmjv{Sw F∂n-h-tbm-tcm∂pw [m¿Ωn-

I-X-bpsS kph¿Æ \qen\m¬ ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-´n-

cn°p∂p. ]pIƒs]‰ ̀ mc-Xob kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ ASn-°-

√p-I-fn-sem∂v IpSpw_ Pohn-X-amWv. IpSpw_ Pohn-X

Øns‚ {]m[m\yw IpSpw_\mY\pw Ip´n-I-fp-ambp≈

kvt\l kº-∂-amb _‘-Øn-emWv {]Im-in-°p-∂Xv.

Ip´n-I-fpsS hnZym-̀ ymkw amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS A\n-hm-cy-

amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øz-amWv. kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw cmjv{S-

Øns‚bpw `mhn \n¿Æbn -°p -∂Xv AhnsS

A[nhkn°p∂ Ip´n-I-fmWv. Ip´n-I-fpsS `mhn tim`\-

am-°p-∂Xv kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw cmjv{S-Øn-s‚bpw ̀ mhn tim -̀

\-am-bnØo-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ

As√-¶n¬ at‰-sX-¶nepw hn[-Øn¬ Ip´n-I-fpsS c£n-Xm-

°-fmb `mcXob ]uc-∑m¿ Bdp hb- n\pw ]Xn-\mep

hb- n-\p-an-S-bn¬ {]mb-ap≈ Ip´n-Iƒ°v hnZym-̀ ymkw e`n-

°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-k-c-߃ \¬tI-≠Xv ASn-ÿm\

I¿Ø-hy-amWv. `mcX `cWL-S-\-bpsS 51 A (k) A\p-

30

tO-Z-Øn¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ As√-¶n¬ c£n-Xm-°-

fmb Hmtcm `mc-Xob ]uc-s‚bpw Cu ASn-ÿm\

I¿Ø-hy-sØ°pdn®v kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Xß-fpsS

DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-Øn≥ Iogn¬ Pohn-°p∂ Ip´n-Iƒ°v ASn-

ÿm\ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p≈ Ah-k-c-߃ e`y-am-°p-

I-sb-∂Xv ASn-ÿm\]c-amb I¿Ø-hy-amWv. ASn-

ÿm\ hnZym-`ymkw e`n® km£ccmb Ip´n-Isf

kw`m-h\ sNøp-∂-Xn-eqsS cmjv{S\n¿ΩmW {]-{Inb-

bn¬ henb ]¶mWv hlnt°≠Xv. AXp -

sIm≠pXs∂ 6 apX¬ 14 hb p hsc {]mb-ap≈

Ip´n-Iƒ°v ASn-ÿ-m\-hn-Zym-`ymkw e`n°p∂psh∂v

Dd∏mt°≠ _m≤yX amXm]nXm-°-fp -tS -XmWv.

2002˛se 86˛mw `c -W-L-S\ t`Z -K -Xn -bn -eqsS

FgpXnt®¿°-s∏´ Cu auenI I¿Ø-hy-tØm-sSm∏w

`cW-L-S\ 21 A A\p-O-Zhpw FgpXnt®¿°-s∏-Sp-I-

bp≠m-bn. 6 apX¬ 14 hb p hscbp≈ hnZym-̀ ymkw

\¬Ip-Isb∂ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw k¿°m-cn-\p-s≠∂pw

AsXmcp auenImh-Im-i-am-sW∂pw `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS

21A A\p-tOZw {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p-≠v.

˛̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ -̨ ˛

31

kuP\y \nb-a-k-lm-b-Øn\v A¿l-cmb hn`m-K-߃

1. ]´n-I-PmXn˛]-´nI h¿§-Øn¬s∏-´-h¿.

2. \n¿_-‘nX the°v hnt[-b-cm-°-s∏-´-h¿.

3. kv{XoIfpw Ip´n-Ifpw.

4. hnI-emw-K¿.

5.- {]-IrXn t£m`-Øn-t\m, hwiob AXn-{I-a-Ønt\m

Ccbm-b-h¿.

6. hyh-kmb sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ.

7. IÃ-Un-bn¬ FSp-°-s∏-´-h¿.

F∂n-h¿°v hcp-am\ ]cn[n C√m-sXbpw.

8. a‰p-≈-h¿°v 1,00,000 cq]-bn¬ Xmsg hm¿jnI hcpam\w

F∂ ]cn-[nbv°v hnt[-b-am-bpw kuP\y \nba klmbw

e`n°pw

32

ÿncw temIv AZm-e-Øv

Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, sIm√w, ]Ø-\w-Xn´ F∂o Pn√-Iƒ°mbnXncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØpw Be-∏p-g, CSp-°n, tIm -́bw, Fd-Wm-IpfwXr»q¿ F∂o Pn√-Iƒ°mbn Fd-Wm-Ip-fØpw ]me-°m-Sv, ae-∏p-dw, tImgn-t°m-Sv, hb-\m-Sv, IÆq¿, Imk-d-tKmSv F∂o Pn√-Iƒ°mbn tImgn-t°m-Spw Xmsg hnh-cn-°p∂ s]mXpP\tkh\ taJ-e-I-fnse tkh-\-ßsf kw_-‘n-®p-ff ]cm-Xn-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ÿncw temIv AZm-e-Øv{]h¿Øn®p-h-cp∂p.

1) Pew, hmbp, Ic-am¿§-ap-ff bm{X2) Nc°v KXm-K-Xw3) X]m¬4) sSen-t^m¨5) IpSn-sh-f-fw6) sshZyp-Xn7) s]mXp ipNo-I-cWw8) Bip-]-{XnIƒ, Unkvs]≥kdnIƒ9) C≥jz-pd≥kv10) hnZym-̀ ymkw11) dnb¬ FtÉv

_‘-s∏-tS≠ \º-cp-Iƒ

Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw ˛ 0471 2474855Fd-Wm-Ipfw ˛ 0484 2345950tImgn-t°m-Sv ˛ 0495 2367400