East Timor and the Global Community

8/3/2019 East Timor and the Global Community

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Fcuwkeqdufkc

Tdkuu Hga`

8


2/69

Hnuaw k~aw nkqw mqcewae vahwt kn Rkwuqoqata dk`kcfh` wqà, uma rakrà kn Ahtu

Ufjkw jk~ae ukhwe fcearaceacda kc`v uk mh~a umafw ewahjt kn tk~awafocuv eatuwkvae

gv Fcekcatfh hce h Dkè _hw wah`fuv# Uma rakrà kn Ahtu Ufjkw, kw Ufjkw*@atua ht umav

dh`` umafw chufkc, aceqwae jqdm tqnnawfco eqwfco uma kddqrhufkc gv Fcekcatfh, gqu

fcuawchufkch` rkawt eadfeae umhu Ahtu Ufjkw jqtu wajhfc h jawa rwk~fcda umhu Lhihwuh

dkqè d`hfj nkw fut kc# Uma `hdi kn nkwafoc fcuaw~acufkc fc Ahtu Ufjkw gv chufkct tqdm

ht Hqtuwh`fh hce uma Qcfuae Tuhuat h``kae Fcekcatfh uk jhfcuhfc h gwquh` kddqrhufkc kn

Ahtu Ufjkw nkw uma thia kn dkjjawdfh` fcuawatut hce uk h~kfe hcuhokcf|fco Fcekcatfh

rk`fufdh``v hce efr`kjhufdh``v# Rqg`fd kqudwv hohfctu huwkdfufat dkjjfuuae fc Ahtu Ufjkw

hce jftlqeojacu kn uma rk`fufdh` d`fjhua fc Ahtu Ufjkw watqùae fc uma Qcfuae Chufkct

fcuaw~acufkc#

Umft tuqev f`` a}hjfca uma wkà kn uma fcuawchufkch` dkjjqcfuv kw uma `hdi

umawakn fc Ahtu Ufjkw umwkqomkqu uma vahwt 86?1 uk 7227# Uma nfwtu dmhruaw f` of~a

ghdiowkqce fcnkwjhufkc kc uma a}ftuacda kn Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw hce uma kddqrhufkc gv

Fcekcatfh uk atuhg`ftm h dkcua}u tk uma waheaw f`` gauuaw qceawtuhce uma tfuqhufkc fc uma

`htu xqhwuaw kn uma uacufaum dacuqwv fc Ahtu Ufjkw# Uma tadkce dmhruaw f`` of~a uma

waheaw fcnkwjhufkc hgkqu uma Qcfuae Tuhuat wa`hufkctmfr fum Fcekcatfh hce huuajru uk

ajrmhtf|a fut fjrkwuhcda# Uma tqgtaxqacu dmhruawt f`` ghdi uma umatft fc h tuwkcoaw

jhccaw hce f`` taai uk a}r`hfc uma rk`fdfat hce huufuqeat kn uma Qcfuae Tuhuat hce

Hqtuwh`fh ukhwe Ahtu Ufjkw# Uma kgladuf~a kn uma tuqev ft uk fcnkwj uma waheaw kn kca

a}hjrà kn rwhojhuftj fc uma nkwafoc rk`fdfat kn chufkct hce uma jkuf~hufkct gamfce

tqrrkwufco h chufkc umhu mht dkjjfuuae qclqtu hdufkct#

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3/69

Uma tuqev f`` qta ekdqjacut umhu a}rwatt uma krfcfkct kn rk`fdvjhiawt nwkj uma

Qcfuae Tuhuat hce Hqtuwh`fh# Uk a}hjràt kn rwfjhwv tkqwda ekdqjacut uma tuqev f``

ga qtfco hwa QC watk`qufkct hce warkwut nwkj uma QT Rwatfeacu uk Dkcowatt hgkqu uma

rwatacda kn QT jf`fuhwv nkwdat fc Ahtu Ufjkw# Uma tuqev f`` fc~atufohua QT ok~awcjacu

ekdqjacut hgkqu nkwafoc rk`fdv fc Ahtu Ufjkw hce uma jkuf~hufkct gamfce uma Tuhua

Earhwujacu fc fut eadftfkct hce hdufkct# Uma efnnfdqùv fum umata tkqwdat ft eauawjfcfco

maumaw ok~awcjacut hwa `vfco kw gafco tfcdawa# Kumaw tkqwdat fcd`qea catjhoh|fca

hwufdàt nwkj Ufja, mfdm hwa wfdm`v eauhf ae fum ràcuv kn fcnkwjhufkc# Qcnkwuqchua`v,

uma hddqwhdv kn umata eauhf`t ft cku ht ahtv uk dkcnfwj fum kumaw tkqwdat# Kumaw tkqwdat

uma tuqev f`` qta fcd`qea catrhrawt tqdm ht umaCaw Vki Ufjat, gqu umata tkqwdat hwa

cku cadatthwf`v wa`fhgà nkw umft ukrfd# Uma ok~awcjacut tkqwdat f`` ma`r atuhg`ftm uma

jkuf~at gamfce uma hdufkct kn umkta fc rkaw hce f`` of~a uma waheaw hc feah kn mk uma

rk`fdv ukhwe Ahtu Ufjkw dmhcoae k~aw ufja#

Ahtu Ufjkw ohfcae fut fcearaceacda wadacu`v hce fut huuajrut hu chufkc*gqfèfco

hwa kcokfco# Umawa mht gaac wa`huf~a`v fuuà wfuuac hgkqu uma tqgladu gv mftukwfhct# Jktu

wfufcot kc uma tqgladu kn Ahtu Ufjkw fc~k`~a hc hch`vtft kn uma wkà kn uma Qcfuae

Chufkct hce nkwafoc rkawt httkdfhuae fum Fcuawchufkch` Nkwda Ahtu Ufjkw -Fcuawnau

Umata hch`vtat a}hjfca mhu mht okca a`` hce cku tk a`` fc Ufjkwata tkdfauv hce fum

nkwafoc fcuaw~acufkc# Hqtuwh`fhc Jhlkw Oacawh` Jfdmha` Tjfum acu fcuk eauhf hgkqu uma

jf`fuhwv htradu kn uma nkwafoc fcuaw~acufkc hce mv fu ht wa`huf~a`v tqddattnq` fc

jhfcuhfcfco rahda# Tjfum rwk~feae h wadkwe kn mhu mhrracae eqwfco uma vahwt kn

Hqtuwh`fhc fcuaw~acufkc hce mk rwatacu hce nquqwa jf`fuhwv dkjjhceawt dkqè àhwc

nwkj mft tqddattat# Tjfum h`tk wkua hgkqu tkja kn uma rk`fufdh` uwkqgàt fc uma chufkc

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4/69

gqfèfco rwkdatt# Umawa mh~a cku gaac ~awv jhcv kwit fc Aco`ftm hgkqu uma Fcekcatfhc

fcuawrwauhufkc kc fcuawchufkch` fcuaw~acufkc kw uma `hdi umawakn fc Ahtu Ufjkw# Ht nkw uma

Ahtu Ufjkwata umajta`~at, Lkt Whjkt*Mkwuh mht ufwaàtt`v he~kdhuae nkw fcearaceacda

hgwkhe hce mht wfuuac hgkqu mft a}rawfacdat fc mft gkki,Nqcq< Uma Qcnfcftmae Thoh kn

Ahtu Ufjk# Whjkt*Mkwuh wkua fc owahu eauhf hgkqu uma jkuf~at gamfce uma

ok~awcjacut kn uma kwè nkw fockwfco uma uwhoaefat umhu awa kddqwwfco fc mft mkja`hce,

vau, ma jhiat ck annkwu uk dkcdah` mft gfht kc uma tfuqhufkc# Whjkt*Mkwuht kwi ft

qcfxqa, gadhqta ma wkua h wa`huf~a`v dkjràua mftukwv kn uma chufkc tfcda fut dk`kcfh`

gaofccfcot hce ma knnawt uma rawtraduf~a ht hc Ahtu Ufjkwata# Gwhe Tfjrtkct hwufdà fc

Dkè _h Mftukv, F`àoh``v hce Gahqufnq``v< Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat, uma Fcekcatfhc

Fc~htfkc kn Ahtu Ufjkw hce uma Fcuawchufkch` Dkjjqcfuv, 86?5*86?> ft cku h nfwtumhce

hddkqcu, gqu tqjt qr uma eadftfkc*jhifco rwkdatt gv jhlkw rkawt tqdm ht uma Qcfuae

Tuhuat, Owahu Gwfuhfc, hce Hqtuwh`fh# Jktu kn umata hqumkwt awa fc~k`~ae fc uma chufkc*

gqfèfco rwkdatt hce hwa fjrkwuhcu uk uma dwahufkc kn uma Ahtu Ufjkwata tuhua#

Kumaw tkqwdat fcd`qea kwit gv jqùfrà hqumkwt umhu awa aefuae hce dkjrfàe

fcuk h tfcoà gkki# Wkgawu @hàtt wkua mft hwufdà fc h eauhfàe jhccaw hgkqu uma

fc~htfkc tmkwu`v hnuaw fu mhrracae, gqu mht tvjrhumv ukhwe uma Ahtu Ufjkwata# Kumaw

tkqwdat mh~a ~hwfkqt hjkqcut kn jhuawfh` umhu rawuhfc uk tqgladut wa`hufco uk Ahtu

Ufjkwata fcearaceacda hce uma wkà uma fcuawchufkch` dkjjqcfuv mht r`hvae fc uma

uwhctfufkc nwkj kddqrhufkc uk uma atuhg`ftmjacu kn ukuh` tk~awafocuv# Qcfuae Chufkct

Fcua~acufkcftj, 8668*7225 ft hc aefuae gkki fum jhcv efnnawacu hqumkwt mk tkqomu uk

wfua hgkqu uma tqddattat hce nhf`qwat kn uma QC kwohcf|ae wa`fan hce chufkc gqfèfco

annkwu# Uma ajrmhtft ht jkwa kc uma nhf`qwat kn uma QC fcuawfj ok~awcjacu hce uma

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uwhctfufkch` hqumkwfufat# Umata tkqwdat awa wfuuac cku `kco hnuaw uma a~acut kddqwwae, tk

fu ft efnnfdq u uk eauawjfca uma `kco uawj annadut kn fcuawchufkch` fc~k`~ajacu# Hckumaw

tfjf`hw gkki aefuae gv Ehjfac Ifcotgqwv,Ahtu Ufjk< Gavkce Fcearaceacda,

fc~atufohuat uma rwkgàjt kn Ahtu Ufjkw hce mk jhcv kn umata rwkgàjt wa`hua uk uma

fcuawchufkch` dkjjqcfuv# Jkwa watahwdm tmkqè ga ekca hgkqu uma wahtkct gamfce uma

dmhcoa kn krfcfkct fum gkum uma fcuawchufkch` dkjjqcfuv hce uma Fcekcatfhc

ok~awcjacu# Rawmhrt rahda `kggvftut wadkwet hce catrhrawt dkqè ma`r uma tuqev

eauawjfca mv rqg`fd krfcfkc gadhja tuwkco`v fcuaw~acufkcftu# Umft f`` ma`r uma tuqev

eauawjfca mv uma nkwafoc rk`fdfat fc Hqtuwh`fh hce uma Qcfuae Tuhuat dmhcoae tk tfnu`v

hce gadhja tqrrkwuf~a kn Ahtu Ufjkw#

Tkja, tqdm ht Ufjkwata a}fàt hce umkta fum dawuhfc rk`fufdh` hnnf`fhufkct, jhv

efthowaa fum uma nfcefcot kn umft tuqev# Ufjkwata rwk*Fcekcatfhc owkqrt, tqdm ht

Hrkeauf hce a~acuqh``v uma QEU, ga`fa~ae umhu uma fcuawchufkch` dkjjqcfuv mhe ck wfomu

uk fcuaw~aca fc Ahtu Ufjkw gadhqta fu ht h rhwu kn Fcekcatfh# Umata rakrà dkctfeawae

umajta`~at Fcekcatfhc ht a`` ht Ufjkwata hce umkqomu umhu uma kddqrhufkc ht lqtufnfae#

Hùmkqom umata rakrà awa dàhw`v fc uma jfckwfuv kn uma Ahtu Ufjkwata rakrà, umav efe

mkè fjrkwuhcu rktfufkct umwkqomkqu tkdfauv ht uma tuqev f`` a~acuqh``v jacufkc# Jhcv

Fcekcatfhct umkqomu umhu uma kddqrhufkc ht ekfco uma Ahtu Ufjkwata h nh~kw gadhqta uma

Ufjkwata awa tk rkkw hce Ahtu Ufjkw `hv fumfc h oakowhrmfd trmawa kn Fcekcatfhc

ekjfchcda#

Ahtu Ufjkwt `kdhufkc mht r`hvae hc fjrkwuhcu wkà fc mfdm chufkct fu mhe uk eah`

fum efr`kjhufdh``v# Ahtu Ufjkw ft `kdhuae kc uma ft`hce kn Ufjkw fc uma Ahtu Fcefat,

mfdm ft àtt umhc 522 jfàt nwkj Hqtuwh fht ckwumatu dkhtu# Fcekcatfh ft uma kc`v

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chufkc umhu gkweawt Ahtu Ufjkw kc `hce, hce Fcekcatfh oacawh``v dkcuwk`t uma atuawc mh`n

kn uma ft`hce# Uma `hufuqea kn uma dkqcuwv ft gauaac 2= 77 Tkqum hce 82 77 Tkqum

fum `kcofuqea gauaac 874 71 hce 87? 86 Ahtu# Uma chufkc mht 8=,==6 txqhwa

if`kjauawt kn uawwfukwv tqwwkqceae gv uma Ufjkw Tah uk uma tkqum, uma _auhw Tuwhfu fc uma

ckwum hce Kjghf Tuwhfomu uk uma ckwumatu# Uma ft`hce mht h jkqcuhfckqt fcuawfkw fum

jqùfrà jkqcuhfct k~aw 1,222 naau uh``, uma uh`àtu kn mfdm gafco Jhf @hq hu 82,222 naau

hgk~a tah à~a`#8

Uma Rkwuqoqata hwwf~ae fc Ufjkw fc 8184 uk hc ft`hce ef~feae fcuk uk jhfc

ifcoekjt fum uma ahtuawc ifcoekj kn uma Ga`q hce uma atuawc ifcoekj kn uma Taw~fhk#

Rkwuqoh` efe cku mh~a jqdm dkcuwk` k~aw uma ft`hce nkw hckumaw 466 vahwt# Uma ft`hce kn

Ufjkw ht ~ftfuae gv uma tqw~f~kwt kn Jhoa``hct nàau fc 8177# Uma Rkwuqoqata gaohc uk

trwahe Wkjhc Dhumk`fdftj fc uma waofkc qceaw uma efwadufkc kn Hcukcfk Uh~afwh, h

Ekjfcfdhc Nwfhw kc Tk`kw Ft`hce# H Rkwuqoqata tauuàjacu ea~a`krae hwkqce uma nkwu kc

Tk`kw Ft`hce uk umhu ht dkctuwqduae uk rwkuadu mft nk` kawt# Umft tauuàjacu ht

dkjrktae kn chuf~a kjac jhwwfae uk Rkwuqoqata tkèfawt, uwheawt, hce thf`kwt ickc ht

Ukrhttat# A~acuqh``v kumaw Rkwuqoqata tauuàjacut awa atuhg`ftmae kc Ufjkw hce

N`kwat, mfdm h``kae uma Ukrhttat uk gadkja hc fcn`qacufh` dkjrkcacu umhu ht ef~feae

gauaac uma eh Dktuh nhjf`v hce uma Mkwchv nhjf`v#7

Uma hqumkwfuv kn umata nhjf`fat gadhja tk tuwkco umhu uma Rkwuqoqata dwkc mhe uk

hddaru umafw hqukckjv fc wauqwc nkw umafw `kvhùv eqwfco uma 8>um hce 8?um dacuqwfat# Uma

Ukrhttat awa tk rkawnq` umhu umav dkcuwk`àe Ufjkw whumaw umhc uma warwatacuhuf~at kn

8 Lkt Whjkt*Mkwuh,Nqcq< Uma Qcnfcftmae Thoh kn Ahtu Ufjk-Uwacukc, CL< Wae Tah Rwatt, 86=?&, 8?9D`f~a Tdmknfaè, Uma Ea`fjfuhufkc kn Jhwfufja Gkqcehwfat< h Jhuuaw kn @fna hce Eahum nkw Ahtu Ufjkw,Ehjfac Ifcotgqwv hce Jfdmha` @ahdm, aet#, Ahtu Ufjk< Gavkce Fcearaceacda -^fdukwfh< JkchtmQcf~awtfuv Rwatt, 722?&, >=#

7 Lkt Whjkt*Mkwuh,Nqcq< Uma Qcnfcftmae Thoh kn Ahtu Ufjk-Uwacukc, CL< Wae Tah Rwatt, 86=?&, 86

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7/69

uma ^fdawkv kn Okh, mk awa tqrrktae uk ga fc rkaw# Fu ht cku qcuf 8?28 umhu

Rkwuqoh` hrrkfcuae Hcukcfk Dka`mk Oqawwafwk ht uma nfwtu wkvh``v thcdufkcae ok~awckw,

mk wqàe gv iaarfco uma chuf~a wqàwt ef~feae# Rkwuqoqata dkcuwk` k~aw Ufjkw ht ahi

nkw jqdm kn fut dk`kcfh` mftukwv, hce uma Equdm jhchoae uk kddqrv jqdm kn uma atuawc

mh`n kn uma ft`hce# Hùmkqom uma Equdm hce Rkwuqoqata dhja uk h gkqcehwv howaajacu fc

8=1=, uma dqwwacu gkweaw ht cku knnfdfh``v atuhg`ftmae qcuf` Hrwf` 4, 8684 mac uma

Tacuacda Hwgfuwh` ht tfocae hu Uma Mhoqa# Ufjkw mhe fut nfwtu chufkch`ftu qrwftfco mac

Ekj Gkh~acuqwh qcfuae `kdh` uwfgat uk watftu Rkwuqoqata wqà# Gkh~acuqwh fcfufhuae h

ta~acuaac*vahw tuwqooà hohfctu uma Rkwuqoqata hce jhchoae uk taf|a uma dhrfuh` hce `kku

uma Ok~awckwt watfeacda# Uma waga``fkc ht xqa`àe fc 8687 mac uwkkrt fum jkeawc

ahrkcwv nwkj Jk|hjgfxqa awa ear`kvae fc Ufjkw#4

_kwè _hw FF mhe h owahu fjrhdu kc uma ft`hce kn Ufjkw, eatrfua Rkwuqoh`t

caquwh`fuv# Fc hcufdfrhufkc kn h Lhrhcata fc~htfkc, h tjh`` nkwda kn Equdm hce Hqtuwh`fhc

tkèfawt hwwf~ae fc `hua Eadajgaw 8658, eatrfua uma rwkuatut kn `kdh` Rkwuqoqata knnfdfh`t#

Uma Lhrhcata fc~heae fc Nagwqhwv 8657 uk ma`r fum uma knnactf~a kc Lh~h hce awa

gwquh` uk uma `kdh` rkrq`hda gv dkjjfuufco huwkdfufat umhu fcd`qeae uma t`hqomuawfco kn

nhjf`fat, whrfco kjac, hce taf|fco httaut tqdm ht `f~atukdi hce dwkrt# Ht h watqù, nkqw

mqcewae Hqtuwh`fhc dkjjhcekt nkqce h``fat fc uma chuf~a Ufjkwata, mk efe jqdm kn uma

nfomufco hce evfco# Uma dkjjhcekt wadaf~ae httftuhcda nwkj uma kdh`t, mk ma`rae

iaar h`` gqu nkwuv dkjjhcekt h`f~a k~aw h umwaa*vahw rawfke# Uma hw dhqtae uma eahum kn

umkqthcet kn Ufjkwata hce ànu eaar tdhwt kc uma rtvdma kn umata rakrà#5

4 Lkt Whjkt*Mkwuh,Nqcq, 86*729Jfdmha` Tjfum,Rahdaiaarfco fc Ahtu Ufjk-Gkqèaw< @vcca Wfaccaw, 7224&, 459Hwgfuwhufkc Dkc~acufkc gauaac Rkwuqoh` hce uma Caumaw`hcet, Tfocae hu Uma Mhoqa, aefuae gv MafiaIwfaoaw Hrwf` 4, 8684,Ahtu Ufjk hce Fcuachufkch` Dkjjqcfuv< Ghtfd Ekdqjacut, -Dhjgwfeoa2t, mfà uma watu kn uma dkqcuwv efe cku# Hùmkqom umawa ht hc huuajru uk

fjrwk~a uma `f~at kn uma Ufjkwata gv Ok~awckw Dk`kca` Nawchcek H`~at Hèafh fc uma

ahw`v 86?2t, uma dk`kcfh` tvtuaj ht tk dkwwqru hce fcaru umhu fu dkqè cku hdmfa~a fut

kgladuf~at# Umawa awa huuajrut fc dkctuwqdufco fcnwhtuwqduqwa tqdm ht huaw rfrat,

tdmkk`t, jaefdh` nhdf`fufat hce kumaw nkwjt kn fcnwhtuwqduqwa, ht a`` ht uma ekchufkc kn

ukk`t, huaw rqjrt, hce kumaw rfadat kn axqfrjacu uk ~f``hoat# Eatrfua umata annkwut,

huuajrut uk ea~a`kr uma dk`kcv awa knuac efthtuwkqt# Nkw a}hjrà, uma nfwtu gwfeoa fc

Ahtu Ufjkw ht dkctuwqduae fc uma 86>2t gqu dk``hrtae tmkwu`v hnuawhwe# Umft watqùae fc

uma eftjftth` kn uma dmfan hwdmfuadu, mk nkqce kwi fum uma nfwj umhu ht dkcuwhduae uk

wadkctuwqdu uma gwfeoa k~aw uma @hi`k Wf~aw# Qcnkwuqchua`v, uma gwfeoa ht tuf`` rkkw`v

dkctuwqduae hce dk``hrtae h na vahwt `huaw#1

Ace kn h Ewahj, Ufja, Jhwdm 7, 86579Jkwa Ft`hcet nkw Lhrt, Ufja, Kdukgaw 86, 8657#

1 Hqw`fk Oquawwat, Jfowhufkc hce Ea~a`krjacu, Ehjfac Ifcotgqwv hce Jfdmha` @ahdm, aet#, AhtuUfjk< Gavkce Fcearaceacda -^fdukwfh< Jkchtm Qcf~awtfuv Rwatt, 722?&, 81>*8?59Lkt Whjkt*Mkwuh,Nqcq, 72*77#

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9/69

Ahtu Ufjkwt dmhkufd mftukwv oh~a mfcut ht uk uma dk`kcvt nquqwa# Mh~fco gaac h

Rkwuqoqata dk`kcv ht dwfufdh` uk nkwjfco h chufkch` feacufuv tarhwhua nwkj umhu kn

Fcekcatfh, hce uma wa`fofkqt ekjfchcda kn uma Wkjhc Dhumk`fd Dmqwdm ht dwfufdh` nkw uma

nkwjhufkc kn uma Tuhua kn Ahtu Ufjkw# Uma `hdi kn adkckjfd hce fcnwhtuwqduqwh`

ea~a`krjacu watqùae fc uma fjjacta rk~awuv tqnnawae gv uma watfeacut kn Ahtu Ufjkw# Fu

ft rkttfgà umhu uma jhcv vahwt kn uma `hdi kn dacuwh` hqumkwfuv eqwfco uma dk`kcfh` rawfke

dkcuwfgquae uk dkcufcqh` watftuhcda uk hqumkwfuv qceaw uma Fcekcatfhc kddqrhufkc# Umawa

ht `fuuà kw ck tuwqduqwa uk dkcuwk` jqdm kn uma uawwfukwv eqwfco uma awh kn Rkwuqoqata

wqà, mfdm jhv mh~a jhea uma kddqrhufkc gv Fcekcatfh jqdm jkwa efnnfdqù#

Nqwumawjkwa, _kwè _hw FF nkwatmhekae mhu dkcn`fdu kqè ga `fia kc uma ft`hce

eadheat `huaw fum g`kkev jhtthdwat, oqawwf``h hwnhwa, hce Hqtuwh`fhc tkèfawt#

Gv uma 86?2t, Rkwuqoh` ht uma kèatu tqw~f~fco dk`kcfh` ajrfwa fc uma jkeawc

kwè hce ht mkèfco kc uk fut dk`kcfh` rkttattfkct `kcoaw umhc h`` uma kumaw fjrawfh`

Aqwkrahc chufkct# Uma dktu kn jhfcuhfcfco hc ajrfwa gaohc uk afom mah~f`v kc uma

qceajkdwhufd Rkwuqoqata ok~awcjacu# Fc 86?4, fu dktu uma Rkwuqoqata nkwuv rawdacu kn fut

%8#4 gf``fkc gqeoau uk tqrrkwu h jf`fuhwv uk rqu ekc uma dk`kcfh` fctqwwadufkct fc uma

Hnwfdhc dk`kcfat kn Hcok`h, Oqfcahq*Gftthq, hce Jk|hjgfxqa# Fwkcfdh``v, fu ht uma

jf`fuhwv umhu ht jktu f``fco uk dmh`àcoa ok~awcjacu dk`kcfh` rk`fdv# Uma jktu

nhjkqt he~kdhua kn hc hcuf*fjrawfh`ftu hoaceh ht h mawk kn uma Hnwfdhc _hwt, Oacawh`

Hcukcfk ea Trfck`h, mk hwoqae, ht uma Earquv Dmfan kn uma Hwjae Nkwdat, umhu umawa ht

kc`v h rk`fufdh` tk`qufkc uk uma dk`kcfh` rwkgàj# Hùmkqom ma mhe uma tqrrkwu kn jhcv kn

mft knnfdawt, Rwatfeacu Hjwfdk Umkjh| hce mft tqrrkwuawt, mk mhrracae uk ga

Rkwuqoh`t a`fua, ga`fa~ae umhu uma dk`kcfat awa h rhwu kn Jauwkrk`fuhc Rkwuqoh` hce

6


10/69

tmkqè cku ga wa`fcxqftmae# Uma Rwatfeacu tqddattnq``v rwattqwae Rwajfaw Jhwda``k

Dhauhck uk thdi Trfck`h hce mft tqrawfkw, Oacawh` Nwhcdftdk Dkuh Okjat, gqu Trfck`h

kqè cku of~a qr mft okh`t hce tuf`` mhe tuwkco tqrrkwu nwkj hjkco uma 51,222 tkèfawt

fc Rkwuqoh`#>

A~acuqh``v, uma jf`fuhwvt hcfjktfuv ukhwe uma ok~awcjacu àe uk h dkqr euhu

umhu ht tfochàe hu 82 @ftgkc Hwjae Ek~at, Ufja, Hrwf` 8, 86?59H _mfnn kn Nwaaekj nkw uma Kèatu Ajrfwa, Ufja, Jhv >, 86?5#? H _mfnn kn Nwaaekj nkw uma Kèatu Ajrfwa, Ufja, Jhv >, 86?59Wkgawu @hàtt, Uma Fcekcatfhc Uhiak~aw kn Ahtu Ufjkw,Htfhc Tq~av 8>, 82 -86?>&5#

82


11/69

jhvkw kn Ef`f, Dktuh Jkq|fcmk tqrrkwuae uma rhwuv Qcfk Eajkdufdh ea Ufjk,

kumawfta ickc ht uma QEU# Uma QEU ht fcfufh``v àe gv h ahùmv r`hcuaw chjae

Lkk Dhwwhtdh`k, mk `huaw watfocae fc nh~kw kn uma hw ~auawhc @kra| eh Dwq|# Uma

QEU efe a`` fcfufh``v, gadhqta fu taajae àofufjhua uk uma Ufjkwata rkrq`hda hce uma

dmfan jajgawt awa h`wahev mfom*whcifco ok~awcjacu knnfdfh`t# Fut okh` ht uk ohfc

hqukckjv rwkowattf~a`v hce tuf`` jhfcuhfc h dkccadufkc fum Rkwuqoh`# UmaHttkdfhk

Rkrq`h Eajkdufdh ea Ufjkkw Hrkeauf tqrrkwuae uma fcuaowhufkc fum uma Warqg`fd kn

Fcekcatfh, gadhqta fut àheawt ga`fa~ae umhu Ahtu Ufjkw mhe aumcfd hce mftukwfdh` `fcit

fum umhu dkqcuwv# Uma uk kumaw jfckw rhwufat awa I`fghqw Khc Ufjkw Hthfc, mfdm

nh~kwae fcearaceacda fum uwhefufkch` àheawt hce Rhwufek Uwhgh`mftuh, mfdm hcuae

fcearaceacda qceaw h dkjjkcahùm tvtuaj#=

Umawa ht jqdm efnnfdqùv fc oauufco uma rhwufat uk jaau ukoaumaw fum uma

Rkwuqoqata Ok~awckw Dk`kca` Jhwfk @ajkt Rfwat fc `hua 86?5, gadhqta Hrkeauf wanqtae

uk eah` fum Rkwuqoh` hce ga`fa~ae umhu Fcekcatfh ht uma kc`v àofufjhua rkaw fum

mkj fu dkqè caokufhua# Nwauf`fct jajgawt umkqomu umhu umafwt ht uma kc`v àofufjhua

rhwuv warwatacufco uma fcuawatut kn uma Ufjkwata rakrà, tk umav wanqtae uk caokufhua qcuf`

umav gadhja jkwa rwhojhufd fc fut hrrwkhdm uk ohfcfco àofufjhdv fc uma avat kn nkwafoc

rkawt# Nwauf`fc eadfeae umhu fu ht f``fco uk h``k Rkwuqoqata ekjfchcda hce

trkctkwtmfr nkw h rwkladuae nf~a uk uac vahwt# Uma rhwuv tacu Lkt Whjkt*Mkwuh uk uwv uk

ohfc tqrrkwu fc Hqtuwh`fh nwkj wa`fofkqt owkqrt, uwhea qcfkct, hce jajgawt kn rhw`fhjacu,

mfà knnawfco uk uahdm Ghmhth Fcekcatfhc fc tdmkk`t uk hrrahta Fcekcatfh# Nwauf`fc

gadhja jkwa rkrq`hw umhc uma QEU, mfdm ht taac ht gafco ukk dkccaduae uk

= Wkgawu @hàtt, Uma Fcekcatfhc Uhiak~aw kn Ahtu Ufjkw, 65=*6#

88


12/69

nkwafocawt, hce tkja fumfc uma QEU eatawuae, tqdm ht Ekjfcfxqat K`f~fawh, mk ma`rae

nkwj h dkh`fufkc kc Lhcqhwv 77, 86?1 umhu waladuae Hrkeauf#6

Nwauf`fc gaohc uk kwwv umhu Fcekcatfh ht r`hccfco hc fcuaw~acufkc fc Ahtu Ufjkw,

hce wfomu`v tk, tfcda jqdm kn uma Fcekcatfhc rqg`fd ~faae h rkttfgf`fuv kn umafw

hcca}hufkc kn Ahtu Ufjkw ht gafco h`jktu mqjhcfuhwfhc# Fc Nagwqhwv 86?1, Earquv Dmfan

Jfttfkc Jhwukck Ihefw kn uma Fcekcatfhc Ajghttv fc Hqtuwh`fh hcckqcdae umhu ma nahwae

h dkjjqcftu dkqr fc Ahtu Ufjkw uk Hqtuwh`fhc Qcfkc Tuqeacut hce Earquv Dkjjhceaw*

fc*Dmfan Oacawh` W# Tqwkck rwkd`hfjae Fcekcatfh kqè hcca} Ahtu Ufjkw, fn uma rakrà

kn Ahtu Ufjkw hcuae uk ga hcca}ae# D`hfjt kn h rkttfgà dkjjqcftu dkqr gv hc

Fcekcatfhc knnfdfh` kwwfae rwk*fcearaceacda Ufjkwata, gadhqta eqwfco uma Dkè _hw

eanahufco dkjjqcftj ht knuac qtae ht h rwaua}u nkw mktuf`fufat# H`tk, uma rakrà kn

Ahtu Ufjkw efe cku waxqfwa h jhlkwfuv uk hti nkw hc fcuaw~acufkc nwkj Fcekcatfh, whumaw

Fcekcatfh jfomu fchddqwhua rk``t uk lqtufnv hc kddqrhufkc# Ufjkwata httkdfhuae fum

Nwauf`fc fc Rkwuqoh` uwfae uk hwc uma Qcfuae Chufkct Tadwauhwv*Oacawh` kn hc Fcekcatfhc

fc~htfkc ht ahw`v ht Jhwdm 6, 86?1#82

Uma Nwauf`fc*QEU dkh`fufkc eadfeae umhu fu ht f``fco uk eftdqtt h r`hc nkw

fcearaceacda fum Rkwuqoh` kc Jhwdm 7, 86?1# Fu ht lkfcae gv Hrkeauf uk jaau fum uma

Rkwuqoqata eadk`kcf|hufkc dkjjfuuaa kc Jhv ?, 86?1# Umav dhja uk hc howaajacu fum

uma Rkwuqoqata ok~awcjacu hce rhttae h gf`` fcuk `h fc Kdukgaw 86?> umhu Rkwuqoh`

kqè dahta dk`kcfh` wqà fc 86?=# Qcnkwuqchua`v, kc Jhv 76, 86?1, uma QEU fumewa

nwkj uma dkh`fufkc qceaw uma rwauacta umhu Nwauf`fc ht eatuhgf`f|fco Ahtu Ufjkw, gqu fu

jhv mh~a gaac umhu umav watacuae uma rkrq`hwfuv kn Nwauf fc# Nwauf`fc gaohc uk rwarhwa nkw

6 Wkgawu @hàtt, Uma Fcekcatfhc Uhiak~aw kn Ahtu Ufjkw, 65=*612#82 Wkgawu @hàtt, Uma Fcekcatfhc Uhiak~aw kn Ahtu Ufjkw, 612#

87


13/69

h rk`fufdh` tuwqooà gv uwvfco uk ohfc tqrrkwu umwkqom howfdqùqwh` dkkrawhuf~at hce

`fuawhdv dhjrhfoct tk umav dkqè fc uma r`hccae Kdukgaw 86?> aàdufkc# H`tk,

Wa~k`qufkchwv Gwfoheat, jhfc`v kn tuqeacut nwkj Ef`f, awa nkwjae fc hcufdfrhufkc kn h

dkcn`fdu#88

H`` tfeat gaohc uk rwarhwa nkw h dkcn`fdu, fcd`qefco Fcekcatfh, mfdm fc Lqca

d`hfjae ~fh fut knnfdfh` catrhraw umhu Nwauf`fc ht dkjjfuufco huwkdfufat umhu nkwdae

umkqthcet nwkj umafw mkjat uk nàa uk uma atu# Umhu thja jkcum, uma Fcekcatfhct

dkjjacdae dkctuwqdufkc kn h 872 if`kjauaw wkhe uk uma gkweaw kn Ahtu Ufjkw nkw nquqwa

krawhufkct# Kc Lq`v 5, 86?1, uma QEU aheaw, eh Dwq| d`hfjae umhu fn mft rakrà hcuae

uk lkfc Fcekcatfh, ma kqè cku kgladu# Nfomufco tkkc gwkia kqu hnuawhwet gauaac

Nwauf`fc hce QEU tqrrkwuawt fc Ef`f, mfdm watqùae fc tf} eahe hce uacuv*kca kqceae#

^fkàcda atdh`huae tmhwr`v kc Hqoqtu 88, 86?1 mac QEU tqrrkwuawt taf|ae fjrkwuhcu

tuwqduqwat tqdm ht uma hfwrkwu, whefk tuhufkc, hce fjrkwuhcu hejfcftuwhuf~a knnfdat# Umav

eajhceae fjjaefhua fcearaceacda hce uma hwwatu kn Nwauf`fc tqrrkwuawt# Warkwuawt

d`hfjae umhu QEU mhe taf|ae Ef`f hce eatdwfgae uma fcdfeacu ht G`kkev Dhwchoa# Uk

ehvt `huaw, uma Rkwuqoqata ok~awcjacu nfch``v hejfuuae umhu umawa ht nfomufco okfco kc fc

Ahtu Ufjkw# Umawa awa atufjhuat kn 822 rakrà if`àe fc umhu tmkwu rawfke kn ufja#87

Ufjkwata gaohc uk nàa umafw dkqcuwv gv dmhwuawae Rkwuqoqata nwafomuawt uk

Hqtuwh`fh hce gv `hce uk Fcekcatfh, gqu Nwauf`fc efe cku of~a qr hce `hqcdmae h dkqcuaw

knnactf~a kc Hqoqtu 77# Nwauf`fc, eatrfua gafco eatdwfgae gv hc Hqtuwh`fhc warkwuaw ht

`kkifco `fia h Ehet hwjv kn mfrrfat, jhchoae uk uhia h tqrr`v earku hce uma Hwjv

Mahexqhwuawt# Rkwuqoqata nkwdat fc Ahtu Ufjkw rwhdufdh``v dk``hrtae, hce jhcv tkèfawt

88 Wkgawu @hàtt, Uma Fcekcatfhc Uhiak~aw kn Ahtu Ufjkw, 612*617#87 Wkgawu @hàtt, Uma Fcekcatfhc Uhiak~aw kn Ahtu Ufjkw, 617#Fc~htfkc fc Ufjkw, Ufja, Ead# 77, 86?1#

84


14/69

lkfcae uma nhdufkct, atradfh``v Nwauf`fc# K~aw uma dkqwta kn uma nf~a*ehv ghuuà hc

atufjhuae 722 rakrà awa if`àe, gqu Nwauf`fc jhchoae uk kddqrv uma dhrfuh`, Ef`f#

Fcekcatfh ht wa`qduhcu uk fcuaw~aca kc uma tfea kn fut Ufjkwata tqrrkwuawt, ht fu efe cku

hcu uk ga taac fcuaw~acfco fc h nkwafoc dkqcuwvt hnnhfwt# Uma wajchcut kn uma

Rkwuqoqata hqumkwfuv awa uacqkqt hce jhchoae uma rkwu hwah fc uma qcwah`ftufd mkrat umhu

umav dkqè oau uma Fcuawchufkch` Wae Dwktt uk ma`r uma mqcewaet kn wanqoaat# Kc Hqoqtu

7?, Rkwuqoqata Ok~awckw Rfwat fumewa uk uma ft`hce kn Huhwk uacuv jfàt nwkj uma

jhfc`hce#84

_mac Nwauf`fc ohfcae dkcuwk` k~aw jktu kn uma dkqcuwv, kumaw Ufjkwata rk`fufdh`

rhwufat gaohc uk krawhua nwkj Fcekcatfh hce nkwjae uma Jk~afjacuk Hcuf*Dkjjqcftuh, kw

JHD, uk nfomu Nwauf fc# Fcekcatfh gadhja fcdwahtfco`v fc~k`~ae fc uma dkcn`fdu gv

gkjghwefco ukct tqdm ht Gh`fg hce Ghqdhq# JHD nkwdat awa tqrrkwuae gv uma

Fcekcatfhc jf`fuhwv# Nwauf`fc ead`hwae fcearaceacda nwkj Rkwuqoh` kc Ck~# 7=, 86?1 ht h

ca tuhua,Warqg`fdh Eajkdhufdh ea Ufjk @atua, eatrfua rwkuatu fc @ftgkc# Uma ca}u

ehv JHD ead`hwae Ahtu Ufjkw h rhwu kn Fcekcatfh#85

Fcekcatfh ukki JHDt ead`hwhufkc hce eadfeae uk acnkwda fu kc Eadajgaw ?, 86?1

fc hc htthqù kc uma dhrfuh # Fc h dkkwefchuae cfomuufja knnactf~a, ta~ac Fcekcatfhc

hwtmfrt acuawae uma taht hwkqce Ef`f hce gwfomuacae uma ehwi tiv fum uma n`htm kn umafw

hwjhjacut nfwfco kc uma dkhtu# Fcekcatfhc jhwfcat, mah~f`v axqfrrae nkw hw, tukwjae

uma `kdh` gahdmat mfà rhwhuwkkrawt ewkrrae nwkj hfwdwhnu# Fcekcatfhc nkwdat taf|ae

Ef`f, gqu umawa ht tuf`` jkrrfco qr uk ga ekca# Mhj whefk krawhukwt 522 jfàt hhv

fc Hqtuwh`fh warkwuae uk mh~a mahwe h ahi tfcoà warkwufco, _kjac hce Dmfèwac hwa

84 Wkgawu @hàtt, Uma Fcekcatfhc Uhiak~aw kn Ahtu Ufjkw, 617*6149Fc~htfkc fc Ufjkw, Ufja, Ead# 77, 86?1 #ufja#dkj+ufja+jhoh|fca+hwufdà#

85 Wkgawu @hàtt, Uma Fcekcatfhc Uhiak~aw kn Ahtu Ufjkw, 614#

85


15/69

gafco tmku fc uma tuwaaut# _a hwa okfco uk ga if`àe# Ràhta ma`r qt# Ràhta H uacuv*

nkqw vahw dkcn`fdu dkjjacdae umhu a`fjfchuae hu àhtu 8=2,222 rakrà kn uma atufjhuae

>12,222 rakrà `f~fco fc Ahtu Ufjkw fc 86?1#81

81 Fc~htfkc fc Ufjkw, Ufja, Ead# 77, 86?1 #ufja#dkj+ufja+jhoh|fca+hwufdà9Ehjfac Ifcotgqwv hce Jfdmha` @ahdm,Ahtu Ufjk< Gavkce Fcearaceacda, -^fdukwfh, Jkchtm Qcf~awtfuvRwatt, 722?&, 8#

81


16/69

Dmhruaw Kca


17/69

Eqwfco uma Cf}kc Hejfcftuwhufkc, uma Qcfuae Tuhuat fjrwk~ae wa`hufkct

fum Fcekcatfh fc uma mkra kn dwahufco h tuhgà tuhua umhu dkqè ma`r nfomu dkjjqcftj

eqwfco uma Dkè _hw# Fc uma nfwtu uacuv vahwt kn Fcekcatfhc fcearaceacda, Fcekcatfh

jk~ae hhv nwkj atuawc fcn`qacdat# Kcda Tqmhwuk gadhja Rwatfeacu kn Fcekcatfh, uma

chufkc dmhcoae fut rk`fdv ukhwe nwface`faw wa`hufkct fum uma Qcfuae Tuhuat# Fcekcatfh

gadhja jkwa wa`fhcu kc uma Qcfuae Tuhuat hce h``kae QT fc~atujacu uk acuaw uma

dkqcuwv# Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat uwhctnawwae hwjt uk Fcekcatfh, eajkctuwhufco uma dkwefh`

wa`hufkctmfr gauaac uma uk chufkct# Uma uwhea dkcufcqae, a~ac mac a~feacda kn uma

ahrkct qta fc knnactf~a hdufkct gadhja hrrhwacu# Uma chufkct ea~a`krae h tuwkcoaw

uwhea wa`hufkctmfr fc df~f fhc hwaht ukk# _fum tk jqdm ufja, jkcav, hce annkwu rqu fcuk uma

wa`hufkctmfr fum Fcekcatfh, uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ht jkwa wa`qduhcu uk ehjhoa umhu

wa`hufkctmfr gv uma jfe*86?2t# Fcekcatfh gadhja h tuwhuaofdh``v fjrkwuhcu nwface uk mh~a

fc Tkqumahtu Htfh#

Uma dkcdaru kn hc Fcekcatfhc Tuhua dhja nwkj uma qcfkc kn ~hwfkqt ft`hcet kn uma

Ahtu Fcefat qceaw Equdm hqumkwfuv, mfdm atuhg`ftmae h rwatacda umawa fc uma ta~acuaacum

dacuqwv# Eqwfco _kwè _hw FF, uma Lhrhcata taf|ae uma Equdm Ahtu Fcefat hce

dkctdfkqt`v gaohc uk ma`r dwahua h uawwfukwv umhu th futa`n ht fcearaceacu nwkj Aqwkrahc

ekjfchufkc# Eqwfco uma Lhrhcata kddqrhufkc nwkj 8657 uk 8651, uma Lhrhcata dwahuae hc

hwjv kn `kdh`t uk ma`r eanace uma ft`hcet nwkj h rkuacufh` H``fae htthqù# Gv 8654, uma

whcit kn uma Lh~hcata Hq}f`fhwv Hwjv wahdmae 41,222 tkèfawt, nwkj mfdm uma

wa~k`qufkchwv hwjv hce uma Fcekcatfhc Hwjae Nkwdat a~acuqh``v nkwjae# Uma Lhrhcata

kddqrhufkc r`hcuae uma taaet nkw Fcekcatfhc fcearaceacda fc 8651# _mac uma H``fat

8?


18/69

tkqce`v eanahuae uma Lhrhcata, Fcekcatfh ead`hwae fcearaceacda hce hekruae h

dkctufuqufkc#8>

Kc Eadajgaw 7?, 8656, Tqihwck gadhja uma Rwatfeacu kn Fcekcatfh fum mft

ok~awcjacu ghtae fc Lhihwuh kc uma ft`hce kn Lh~h# Uma ca}u vahw, Equdm nkwdat ànu uma

Qcfuae Tuhuat kn Fcekcatfh, gqu umata tuhuat tkkc na`` qceaw uma dkcuwk` kn h qcfuhwv

warqg`fd# Tqihwck hcuhokcf|ae uma nkwjaw dk`kcfh` k~aw`kwet gv chufkch`f|fco Equdm

fcuawatut hce rwkrawuv nwkj 861? uk 861=# Hùmkqom Fcekcatfh dkcuwk`àe uma nkwjaw v*

Equdm mkèfcot, fu dkqè ck `kcoaw huuwhdu nkwafoc fc~atujacu# Ht h watqù, uma Equdm

tmfrrfco dkjrhcv, IRJ -Ikcfci`flia Rhiau~hhwu Jhhutdmhrrfl&, waeqdae fut taw~fdat

nwkj uwhctrkwufco umwaa xqhwuawt kn Fcekcatfhc fcuawft`hce tmfrrfco# Kc Nagwqhwv 78,

861? Tqihwck fc~fuae uma Fcekcatfhc Dkjjqcftu Rhwuv, uma RIF, uk rhwufdfrhua fc mft

ok~awcjacu# Fc Jhwdm 861?, Tqihwckt dhgfcau watfocae hce ma hghcekcae uma tvtuaj kn

rhw`fhjacuhwv eajkdwhdv nkw h tvtuaj dh`àe Oqfeae Eajkdwhdv# Ht hc huuajru uk

jhfcuhfc tuhgf`fuv, Tqihwck ead`hwae jhwufh` `h hce oh~a jqdm rkaw uk uma Hwjv# Uma

Qcfuae Tuhuat hce Owahu Gwfuhfc eadfeae umhu Tqihwck ck `kcoaw tqfuae umafw fcuawatut hce

tqrrkwuae waga`t fum dk~awu krawhufkct hohfctu Tqihwck# Fc kca fctuhcda, ok~awcjacu

nkwdat tmku ekc h QT G*7> gkjgaw k~aw umafw uawwfukwv# Tqihwck ewfnuae d`ktaw uk uma

RIF, mfdm oacawh``v tqrrkwuae mfj, hce ma gaohc uk jk~a d`ktaw uk tkdfh`ftu umac

dkjjqcftu feak`kofat# Tqihwck eajkctuwhuae umhu ma ht f` fco uk jk~a ukhwe

rk`fdfat umhu kumaw chufkct nkqce kgladufkchgà, httawufco uma fcearaceacda mft dkqcuwv

ohfcae#8?

8> Ehjfac Ifcotgqwv, Uma Rk`fufdt kn Fcekcatfh, -Ca Vkwi< K}nkwe Qcf~awtfuv Rwatt, 7227&, 71 4298? Ifcotgqwv,Rk`fufdt kn Fcekcatfh, 42*51#

8=


19/69

Tqihwckt rk`fdfat gaohc uk ftk`hua mfj hce oh~a uma jf`fuhwv jkwa rkaw# Fc

861=, Tqihwck h``kae Jhlkw*Oacawh` Hgeq` Mhwft Chtqufkc, Hwjv Dmfan kn Tuhnn, uk

atuhg`ftm uma jf`fuhwv ht hc fjrkwuhcu rhwu kn rk`fufdt fc mhu gadhja ickc ht uma

Jfeeà _hv# Ht uma adkckjv ead`fcae, Tqihwck gadhja jkwa ~q`cawhgà rk`fufdh``v#

Ma a~acuqh``v `ktu h`` dkcuwk` kn uma adkckjv# Uma gqeoau eanfdfu gaohc uk uwfrà hce uma

rwfda kn wfda acu qr hrrwk}fjhua`v cfca*mqcewae rawdacu# Umac, uk jhia jhuuawt kwta

nkw Tqihwck, ma gadhja f``#8=

Eqwfco uma rawfke kn eftkweaw, a~acut kddqwwae mfdm fc ufja oh~a wfta uk h ca

àheaw kn Fcekcatfh# Hc fcdfeacu kddqwwae gauaac Taruajgaw 42 hce Kdukgaw 8, 86>1

umhu watqùae fc uma jqweaw kn tf} oacawh`t# Uma tqw~f~fco ukr knnfdfh t fc uma Hwjv

g`hjae uma RIF nkw hc huuajruae dkqr, gqu fc wah`fuv uma huuhdit kddqwwae nwkj fumfc

uma jf`fuhwv futa`n# @u# Dk`kca` Qcuqco fum tkèfawt hce hfw*nkwda rawtkcca` huuajruae uk

ifechr uma jf`fuhwv àheawtmfr, rawmhrt uk rwa~acu h r`hccae dkqr# Eqwfco uma rwkdatt,

umwaa oacawh` watftuae hce kqè*ga ifechrrawt tmku umaj# Qcuqco ukki uma tqw~f~fco

oacawh`t uk Mh`fj Hfw Nkwda Ghta, a}adquae mft rwftkcawt, hce eqjrae umafw gkefat fc h

a``# Oacawh` Chtqufkc ghwa`v atdhrae fum mft `fna, gqu mft ehqomuaw gadhja h dhtqhùv

fc uma dkqr huuajru# Uma cat kn uma dkqr gadhja h lqtufnfdhufkc nkw uma jf fuhwv uk

mqcu ekc dkjjqcftut hce umafw tvjrhumf|awt# _fum uma ma`r kn df~f fhct, uma jf`fuhwv

a}adquae 422,222 uk 522,222 RIF jajgawt, rkuacufh` tvjrhumf|awt, hce rakrà fc~k`~ae

fc `kdh` naqet# K~aw uma ca}u nf~a vahwt hc atufjhuae kca hce h mh`n jf``fkc rakrà, gkum

dkjjqcftut hce ckc*dkjjqcftut `ktu umafw `f~at# Tqihwck ht ahi hce h ca

àheawtmfr ajawoae uk dkcuwk` uma chufkc#86

8= Ifcotgqwv,Rk`fufdt kn Fcekcatfh, 54, 51*5>#86 Ifcotgqwv, Uma Rk`fufdt kn Fcekcatfh, 5?*5=#

86


20/69

Tqihwck gadhja ahiaw hce kc Jhwdm 88, 86>>, ma oh~a Oacawh` Tqmhwuk kn uma

Hwjv Tuwhuaofd Wataw~a Dkjjhce mhu h`jktu hjkqcuae uk h dhua g`hcdma uk gwfco

tuhgf`fuv uk uma dkqcuwv# Uma ca}u ehv, Tqmhwuk nkwjh``v kqu`hae uma RIF# Cafumaw

Tqihwck ckw Tqmhwuk hcuae h ~fkàcu dkcnwkcuhufkc, hce Tqihwck knnfdfh``v `ktu rkaw h

vahw `huaw# Tqmhwuk gadhja uma hdufco Rwatfeacu qcuf` ma dkqè ga dkcnfwjae ht uma knnfdfh`

Rwatfeacu# Tqmhwuk atuhg`ftmae mft Ca Kweaw Ok~awcjacu fc 86>= hce gadhja uma

nkwjh` Rwatfeacu kn Fcekcatfh# Tqihwck efae attacufh``v qceaw mkqta hwwatu fc 86?2# H

ca awh fc Fcekcatfhc mftukwv gaohc#72

_fum uma httftuhcda kn he~ftkwt nwkj uma Qcfuae Tuhuat, Tqmhwuk jhea fjrkwuhcu

wankwjt hce umft àe uk fjrwk~ae wa`hufkct fum uma _atu# Ht h watqù kn umata wankwjt,

fcn`hufkc ead`fcae nwkj >41! fc 86>> uk 7>! gv 86>6# Uma ufomuacfco kn tracefco hce

fjrwk~ae uh} dk`àdufkc ma`rae watqù fc h gh`hcdae gqeoau fc 86>=# Eqwfco mft

hejfcftuwhufkc, Tqmhwuk jhea adkckjfd wankwjt umhu `kktacae watuwfdufkct kc uwhea,

acdkqwhoae uma huuwhdufkc kn nkwafoc dhrfuh`, hce jkeawcf|ae uma dkqcuwv# Umata wankwjt

h``kae uma jhwiau uk efduhua mhu fjrkwut tmkqè mh~a rwfkwfuv hce rawjfu ahtfaw

uwhctrkwu kn okket# Uma a`fjfchufkc kn watuwfdufkct ma`rae watqù fc mfomatu à~a` kn

a}rkwut fc ta~ac vahwt nkw 86>=, mfdm ht uac rawdacu mfomaw umhc uma rwa~fkqt vahw#

Fcekcatfh h`tk th fut mfomatu rwkeqduf~fuv à~a` tfcda 8658, mac fu ht h Equdm dk`kcv

gankwa uma Lhrhcata fc~htfkc# Gqu uma àttacfco kn watuwfdufkct ht cku ackqom, tk

Fcekcatfh tkqomu %122 jf``fkc fc hfe nwkj uma o`kgh` dkjjqcfuv#78

72 Ifcotgqwv, Uma Rk`fufdt kn Fcekcatfh, 5?*14#78 Wkoawt, Jajkwhceqj nwkj uma Tadwauhwv kn Tuhua Wkoawt uk Rwatfeacu Cf}kc, _htmfcoukc, Hrwf` 8,86>6, ^k`qja ]]< Nkafoc Wa`hufkct< 86>6*86?>, Tkqumahtu Htfh, 86>6*86?7, -_htmfcoukc< Ok~awcjacuRwfcufco Knnfda, 722>& 1>?*1>=9Ifcotgqwv, Uma Rk`fufdt kn Fcekcatfh, >5#

72


21/69

Fc 86>>, uma Qcfuae Tuhuat tkqomu jqùf`huawh``v uk ea~a`kr h r`hc uk ma`r uma

Fcekcatfhc adkckjv hce a~ac fc~fuae dkjjqcftu chufkct uk lkfc ahùmv chufkct fc hc

huuajru uk ma`r uma chufkc# Hùmkqom uma dkjjqcftu tuhuat ead`fcae uma knnaw uk huuace,

uma dkcnawacda dkcufcqae fum Fcekcatfht atuawc dwaefukwt# @aceawt dkctfeawae

watdmaeq`fco rhvjacut eqwfco uma dkcnawacda# Fcekcatfh mhe h % 7#7 gf``fkc eagu ànu

nwkj uma Tqihwck awh# Fc 86>?, chufkct kn uma kwè eadfeae uk of~a httftuhcda fc kweaw uk

tuhgf`f|a uma dkqcuwv# Uma ukuh` ~h`qa kn uma rhdihoa ht hwkqce %782 jf``fkc, fum uma

Qcfuae Tuhuat rwk~fefco %>1#7 jf` fkc fc `khct hce dkjjkefufat# Lhrhc ht h`tk h `hwoa

dkcuwfgqukw knnawfco hwkqce kca umfwe kn uma rhdihoa# Fc 86>6, uma QT ràeoa ht h

tfocfnfdhcu fcdwahta fc dkjrhwftkc fum uma rwa~fkqt vahwt umhu uma QT ekchuae hfe# Kc

Kdukgaw 78, 86>=, uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ràeoae %4>1 jf``fkc fc ckc*nkke httftuhcda, h`kco

fum %841 jf``fkc uk ma`r fum nkke caaet# Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ht cku uma kc`v

dkcuwfgqukw nkw hfe uk Fcekcatfh, gqu fu ràeoae uma jktu hfe hu uma ufja#77

Fc 86>6, uma Cf}kc Hejfcftuwhufkc hcuae uk a}r`kfu Tqmhwukt wfta uk rkaw, uk

gadkja okke nwfacet fum Fcekcatfh, hce nfomu dkjjqcftj# Macwv Ifttfcoaw ht

Httftuhcu nkw Chufkch` Tadqwfuv Hnnhfwt ckufdae Tqmhwukt eft`fia kn dkjjqcftj# Ma

a`dkjae Tqmhwukt knnaw nkw Fcekcatfh uk tace hwjae nkwdat uk Jh`hvtfh, tmkqè h

nkwafoc rkaw fcnwfcoa kc fut tk~awafocuv# Umft efnnawae nwkj Tqihwckt Fcekcatfh, mfdm

dkcnwkcuae Jh`hvtfh nwkj 86>4 uk 86>># Tqmhwuk wajhfcae dkcdawcae hgkqu Dmfcata

dkjjqcftut# Ma nahwae umav umwahuacae mft ok~awcjacu, tk ma tkqomu httftuhcda nwkj uma

fcuawchufkch` dkjjqcfuv uk fjrwk~a mft dkqcuwv hce mft mkè kc rkaw# Rawmhrt umft

r`hvae h wkà fc Tqmhwukt eatfwa uk ~ftfu uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ht ahw`v ht Jhwdm 7>, 86>6#

77 Macwv Ifttfcoaw, Jajkwhceqj Nwkj uma Rwatfeacut Httftuhcu nkw Chufkch` Tadqwfuv Hnnhfwt ukRwatfeacu Cf}kc< _htmfcoukc, Jhwdm 7>, 86>6,Fcekcatfh, Nkafoc Wa`hufkct,86>6*86?>, k`qja ]],1>>* 1>6#

78


22/69

Tqmhwuk hce uma Hwjv tuwkco`v krrktae dkjjqcftu feak`kov hce rk`fdv gadhqta kn h

tawfat kn efthowaajacut fum uma RIF, tqdm ht efnnawacdat fc krfcfkc fum jkgf`f|hufkc

tuwhuaofat hce nkwafoc rk`fdv# Ifttfcoaw ckufdae umhu Tqmhwuk ht f``fco uk nfomu

dkjjqcftj gadhqta mft nkwdat huuhdiae dkjjqcftut#74

Hc fjrkwuhcu fttqa gauaac uma Qcfuae Tuhuat hce Fcekcatfh hu uma ufja ht uma

QT fc~k`~ajacu fc ^fauchj# Uma QT fc~k`~ajacu fc Tkqumahtu Htfh eqwfco uma vahwt

gankwa uma fc~htfkc kn Ahtu Ufjkw nkdqtae kc uma dkcn`fdu fc Fcekdmfch# Uma Qcfuae

Tuhuat hcuae ht jqdm tqrrkwu ht fu dkqè oau nkw h nh~kwhgà kqudkja fc uma dkcn`fdu fc

^fauchj hce dkcufcqh``v dkjjqcfdhuae fum Fcekcatfh kc uma tqgladu# Fcekcatfh

ga`fa~ae umhu iaarfco QT uwkkrt fc Tkqumahtu Htfh ht fjrkwuhcu uk rwa~acu uma nqwumaw

trwahe kn dkjjqcftj umwkqomkqu uma waofkc qcuf` uma chufkct fc uma waofkc awa rkawnq`

ackqom uk watftu dkjjqcftu nkwdat# Fc h jaaufco fum Macwv Ifttfcoaw fum Fcekcatfhc

oacawh`t, Tqjfuwk, Ulhiwhefrqwh, hce Lqkck kc Lqca 74, 86>6, uma umwaa jac a}rwattae

wa`fan qrkc mahwfco umhu uma Qcfuae Tuhuat jf`fuhwv ht cku okfco uk àh~a ^fauchj

fjjaefhua`v#75

Hùmkqom uma ok~awcjacu kn Fcekcatfh hcuae uk rwa~acu uma trwahe kn

dkjjqcftj fc uma waofkc, uma chufkc kqè ga ràhtae fn QT nkwdat earhwuae Tkqum

^fauchj# Fcekcatfhc Nkwafoc Jfcftuaw Jh`fi ga`fa~ae umhu uma ^fauchjata tmkqè nf}

umafw kc rwkgàjt, mfà qùfjhua`v uma Qcfuae Tuhuat tmkqè àh~a kc uma owkqcet kn

umhu rwfcdfrà# Gqu uma Fcekcatfhct awa f` fco uk eah` fum QT nkwdat fc uma waofkc tk

`kco ht dkjjqcftj ht iaru hu ghv qcuf` uma kumaw chufkct awa tuwkco ackqom# Jh`fi

rwaefduae umhu uma Rhwft rahda uhìt hgkqu ^fauchj kqè nhf`, gqu ma h`tk ukè uma Qcfuae

74 Macwv Ifttfcoaw, Jajkwhceqj Nwkj uma Rwatfeacut Httftuhcu nkw Chufkch` Tadqwfuv Hnnhfwt ukRwatfeacu Cf}kc< _htmfcoukc, Jhwdm 7>, 86>6,Fcekcatfh, Nkafoc Wa`hufkct, 86>6*86?>, ^k`qja ]],1>>*1>=#75 Chufkch` Tadqwfuv Tuqev Jajkwhceqj >8, _htmfcoukc, ED Lqca 74, 86>6, 7>=#

77


23/69

Tuhuat umhu Fcekcatfh kqè uwv uk hrr`v rwattqwa kc Mhckf nkw rahda# Uma fjhoa kn uma

Tkqum ^fauchjata nkwdat hce uma QT dkcdawcae Jh`fi gadhqta ma hcuae uma QT jf`fuhwv

uk ga taac ht dkjwheat hce rwkuadukwt kn uma Tkqum ^fauchjata#71

Uma Fcekcatfhct eatfwae h dkwefh` wa`hufkctmfr fum uma Qcfuae Tuhuat tk umhu umav

dkqè wadaf~a adkckjfd hce jf`fuhwv httftuhcda# Fn Tqmhwuk ht uk wajhfc fc rkaw, ma

caaeae uk iaar mft jf`fuhwv tuwkco hce h``k adkckjfd owkum# H`tk, Tqmhwuk qtae hcuf*

dkjjqcftj ht h dkjjkc `fci nkw gkum uma jf`fuhwv hce df~f` taw~fda# Uk fjrwk~a

Fcekcatfht adkckjv gv htifco uma Qcfuae Tuhuat nkw hc fcdwahtae jhwiau xqkuh nkw

Fcekcatfhc rwfjhwv okket# Tqmhwuk mkrae uk fjrwk~a mft wa`hufkct fum uma Qcfuae Tuhuat

gv ~ftfufco fu hce a~ac mkrae uk acdkqwhoa gqtfcatt a}adquf~at fc Ca Vkwi Dfuv uk ek

jkwa gqtfcatt fum uma Fcekcatfh#7>

Tqmhwuk wah`f|ae umhu ma dkqè cku wa`v kc uma Tk~fau Qcfkc nkw wa`fhgà jf`fuhwv

httftuhcda hce eadfeae umhu okfco uk uma Qcfuae Tuhuat nkw ma`r kqè ga jkwa qtanq`# Ma

h``kae Oacawh` Tqjfuwk uk waxqatu hwjt nwkj uma Qcfuae Tuhuat k~aw h nf~a*vahw rawfke

fum uma qceawtuhcefco umhu uma waxqatu waxqfwae QT dkcowattfkch` hrrwk~h` mfdm dkqè

uhia uk kw umwaa vahwt# Uma Fcekcatfhc jf`fuhwv h tk waxqfwae uwhfcfco nwkj uma Qcfuae

Tuhuat uk gadkja jkwa rwknattfkch`# _fum h tuwhfc kc Fcekcatfhc*Tk~fau wa`hufkct, uma

Fcekcatfhct waxqfwae war`hdajacu rhwut hce axqfrjacu umhu uma Tk~faut awa qcf``fco uk

rwk~fea fc h ufja`v jhccaw# Nkw a}hjrà, Fcekcatfh wah`f|ae umhu, fumkqu rwkraw

axqfrjacu, fu mhe uk tdwhr uma dwqftaw, _atu Ffhc hce eatuwkvawt, h`kco fum tf}uaac kumaw

~atta`t# Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat rwk~feae uma gatu hùawchuf~a ht h rwk~feaw kn ahrkcwv#7?

71 Oh`gwhfum, Uaàowhj Nwkj uma Ajghttv fc Fcekcatfh uk uma Earhwujacu kn Tuhua, Lhihwuh, Lq`v 76, 86>6,1?8*1=4#7> Oh`gwhfum, Uaàowhj Nwkj uma Ajghttv fc Fcekeatfh uk uma Earhwujacu kn Tuhua, Lhihwuh, Lq`v 76, 86>6,1?8*1=>#7? Uaàowhj nwkj uma Ajghttv fc Fcekcatfh uk uma Earhwujacu kn Tuhua, Lhihwuh, Jhv 78, 86?2, >429

74


24/69

Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat wah`f|ae umhu Fcekcatfh ht hc attacufh` r`hvaw fc waofkch`

rk`fufdt hce mh~fco dkwefh` wa`hufkct fum uma Fcekcatfhc ok~awcjacu kqè nh~kw QT

fcuawatut# Fcekcatfh ht fjrkwuhcu uk QT rk`fdv gadhqta fu rkttattae jqdm kn uma `hce

hce rkrq`hufkc fc uma waofkc, hce h tqddattnq` Fcekcatfhc Tuhua dkqè tau hc a}hjrà nkw

kumaw chufkct uk nk``k# Hc Fcekcatfh umhu ht ahi hce dmhkufd jfomu dhqta rwkgàjt

nkw uma watu kn Htfh hce Hqtuwh`fh, mfdm kqè wahi mh~kd fum QT rk`fdv okh`t fc uma

Rhdfnfd# Hùmkqom Fcekcatfh mhe h tmkwuhoa kn rakrà fum uadmcfdh` kw jhchoawfh` tif` t

hce h eadhvfco fcnwhtuwqduqwa, uma QT Tuhua Earhwujacu th rkuacufh` fum Fcekcatfht

wh jhuawfh`t, rwfjhwv okket*jhcqnhduqwfco, hce wfda rwkeqdufkc dhrhgf`fuv#

Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ckufdae umhu Fcekcatfh mhe ck fttqat umhu mhe uk ga hùawae

fjjaefhua`v, tk QT rk`fdv dkqè tqrrkwu h `kco*uawj adkckjfd a}rhctfkc kn Fcekcatfh#

Fn Fcekcatfh tmkae adkckjfd rwkowatt, nkwdat fumfc Fcekcatfh umhu umwahuacae QT

fcuawatut fc uma dkqcuwv kqè ga tfocfnfdhcu`v efjfcftmae# Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat watraduae

Fcekcatfht ckc*h`focae tuhuqt hce hcuae uk dkcufcqa h gh`hcdae gf`huawh` wa`hufkctmfr#

Hch`vtut fumfc uma QT Tuhua Earhwujacu efe mh~a tkja dkcdawct waohwefco uma rktuqwa

kn uma Qcfuae Tuhuat fc Fcekcatfh# Uma QT rwatacda fc Fcekcatfh jfomu ga ukk rwkjfcacu,

mfdm dkqè watqù fc uma uwhefufkch`ftut wahdufco caohuf~a`v hohfctu mhu umav jfomu dh``

Hjawfdhcf|hufkc# Uk rwa~acu umft, uma Qcfuae Tuhuat hcuae uk jhfcuhfc h `k rwknfà

hce acdkqwhoa Fcekcatfhct uk tk`~a umafw kc rwkgàjt mfà wajhfcfco uma jktu

rwkjfcacu fcuawchufkch` httftuhcu#7=

Uk eajkctuwhua mft dkjjfujacu uk uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ht h nwface, Tqmhwuk ~ftfuae

uma Qcfuae Tuhuat# Kc Jhv 7>, 86?2, Jh`fi eftdqttae uma rkttfgf`fuv kn Fcekcatfh

Jajkwhceqj nwkj Lkmc M# Mkèwfeoa kn Chufkch` Tadqwfuv Dkqcdf` Tuhnn uk uma Rwatfeacut Httftuhcu nkwChufkch` Tadqwfuv Hnnhfwt, _htmfcoukc, Kdukgaw 42, 86>6, 164#7= Rhraw Rwarhwae fc uma Earhwujacu kn Tuhua, _htmfcoukc, 166*>28#

75


25/69

httftufco uma Dhjgkefhc ok~awcjacu uk tuhv fc rkaw# Hùmkqom uma Qcfuae Tuhuat

httftuae uma Dhjgkefhct gv of~fco tjh`` hwjt uk umaj, httftuhcda nwkj kumaw chufkct fc

uma waofkc kqè ma`r gkum jf`fuhwf`v hce rtvdmk`kofdh``v# Fcekcatfh hcuae uk httftu

Dhjgkefh gqu dkqè cku fjjaefhua`v httftu Dhjgkefhc uwkkrt# Kca dkcdawc ht umhu

a~ac fn uma Dhjgkefhct wadaf~ae ahrkct, jhcv `hdiae uma uwhfcfco uk qta umaj#

Hùmkqom Fcekcatfh hcuae uk uwhfc uma Dhjgkefhct, fu efe cku hcu uk huuwhdu ukk jqdm

huuacufkc# Eatrfua umft, Tqmhwuk ga`fa~ae umhu rwa~acufco Dhjgkefh nwkj gadkjfco h

thcduqhwv nkw dkjjqcftut ht attacufh` nkw QT annkwut fc ^fauchj#76

Uma ca}u ehv, uhìt dkcufcqae gauaac Fcekcatfhc Tuhua Jfcftuaw H`hjtlhm, Macwv

Ifttfcoaw, hce Lkmc Mkèwfeoa kn uma Chufkch` Tadqwfuv Dkqcdf` Tuhnn# H`hjtlhm tuhuae

umhu Fcekcatfh hcuae uk gadkja jkwa fc~k`~ae fc jf`fuhwv hnnhfwt hce gadkja h jhlkw

rkaw fc uma waofkc# @kc Ck` kn Dhjgkefh fcnkwjh` v htiae nkw ahrkct nwkj Fcekcatfh

hce Tqmhwuk howaae# Hu uma ufja, Tqmhwuk dkctfeawae axqfrrfco uac fcnhcuwv ghuuh fkc

fum tjh`` hwjt, gqu, Tqmhwuk kqè ek umft kc`v fn uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ht f``fco uk

war`hda umata ahrkct# Eqwfco umft jaaufco, uma fttqa kn uwhfcfco dhja qr hce H`hjtlhm

n`khuae uma feah kn tacefco Dhjgkefhc tkèfawt uk Fcekcatfh nkw uwhfcfco#42 H``kfco fc

uma waofkc fumkqu uqwcfco ukk jhcv mahet fc nkwafoc dhrfuh`t#

Fcekcatfhc Oacawh` Tqjfuwk, uk tqgkwefchua knnfdawt, Ifttfcoaw, hce Mkèwfeoa

kqu`fcae uma ghtfd uacaut kn umafw tuwhuaofd ~ftfkc nkw uma waofkc# Gv 86?2, Fcekcatfh

eadfeae uk dkcuwhefdu hc ahw`faw rk`fdv kn 86>1, mfdm tuhuae umhu uma ok~awcjacu kqè

nkdqt kc fjrwk~fco uma tuhcehwe kn `f~fco nkw uma chufkct fcmhgfuhcut hu uma dktu kn

chufkch` tadqwfuv# Gqu fn uma Qcfuae Tuhuat mhe h waeqdae rwatacda fc Tkqumahtu Htfh

76 Jajkwhceqj kn Dkc~awthufkc, Rwatfeacu Tqmhwukt _htmfcoukc ~ftfu* Dkcdqwwacu _mfua Mkqta Uhìt_htmfcoukc, Jhv 7>, 86?2, >47*>41#42 Jajkwhceqj kn Dkc~awthufkc, _htmfcoukc, Jhv 7?, 86?2, >57*>51#

71


26/69

umhu jahcu Fcekcatfh caaeae uk gqfè qr fut jf`fuhwv gv 86?4# Umawa efe cku taaj uk ga

jqdm kn hc hùawchuf~a kumawfta# Tqjfuwk hcuae uma Lhrhcata Eanacta Nkwdat uk r`hv h

`hwoaw wkà gqu efe cku uwqtu Lhrhc uk nq`nf`` uma wkà kn uma jhlkw jf`fuhwv rkaw fc uma

waofkc qcàtt h umwahu ajawoae# Oacawh` Tqjfuwk fcefdhuae ma efe cku hcu Fcefh uk r`hv h

jf`fuhwv wkà fc uma waofkc# Tqjfuwk eatfwae tqwr`qt QT hce _atuawc Aqwkrahc jhuawfh`t

gqu ht hhwa umhu uma QT Dkcowatt ht cku `fia`v uk nqce hc Fcekcatfhc jf`fuhwv

a}rhctfkc# Tk Tqjfuwk ga`fa~ae umhu kcda QT Hwjae Nkwdat awa waeqdae fc cqjgaw fc

Tkqumahtu Htfh, jkwa tqwr`qt ahrkcwv kqè ga h~hf`hgà nkw qta gv mft chufkc#48

Kc Lq`v =

um

, uma owkqr rwa~fkqt`v jacufkcae fc @kt Hcoaàt, hee Ew# @hqwacda

@vcc, jau fc _htmfcoukc uk eftdqtt hwjfco Fcekcatfht Hwjae Nkwdat# Uma owkqr

eftdqttae r`hct nkw h waeqdae rwatacda kn QT nkwdat fc uma waofkc h`kco fum Tqmhwukt

eatfwa uk gadkja jkwa kn h rwatacda fc uma waofkc# Rwatfeacu Cf}kc wa~faae ckuat nwkj

uma jaaufco fc @kt Hcoaàt hce howaae umhu Fcekcatfh tmkqè ma`r nf`` uma rkaw ~hdqqj#

Cf}kc howaae umhu uma Fcekcatfhc jf`fuhwv kqè mh~a uk ga tawfkqt`v qrowheae fn fu ht

uk nq`nf`` umhu uhti# Gv umft rkfcu, uma cqjgaw kn HI*5?t uk ga tacu uk Dhjgkefh ht

wa~ftae uk 71,222 hce Ifttfcoaw ht f``fco uk war`hda umaj fum 85,222 J*85 wfnàt# Gqu

Tqjfuwk eatfwae J*8> wfnàt, tk Ifttfcoaw tqooatuae war`hdfco uma J*85t fum uma J*8>t

kcda umav awa h~hf`hgà# Qùfjhua`v, uma Qcfuae Tuhuat oh~a Fcekcatfh %7>7,222, 7,>52

J*8>t, hce 8,222 wkqcet kn hjjqcfufkc raw wfnà# Tqmhwuk tmkae umhu ma ht f `fco uk

kwi fc dkkwefchufkc fum QT rk`fdv okh`t#47

Cf}kc hce mft he~ftkwt trkia kn mk fjrkwuhcu Tqmhwuk hce Fcekcatfh awa uk mft

nkwafoc rk`fdv kgladuf~at# Fc uma jaaufco rwa~fkqt`v jacufkcae, Macwv Ifttfcoaw ukè

48 Jajkwhceqj kn Dkc~awthufkc, @kt Hcoaàt, Dh`fnkwcfh, Lq`v F, 86?2, >>4*>>=#47 Jajkwhceqj kn Dkc~awthufkc, _htmfcoukc, Lq`v =, 86?2, >?2*>?59Jajkwhceqj nwkj uma Rwatfeacut Httftuhcu nkw Chufkch` Tadqwfuv Hnnhfwt -Ifttfcoaw& uk uma EarquvTadwauhwv kn Eanacta -Rhdihwe&, _htmfcoukc, Ck~ajgaw 7, 86?2, >?6#

7>


27/69

Tqjfuwk umhu Cf}kc dkctfeawae mft wa`hufkctmfr fum Tqmhwuk uk ga kca kn uma hwjatu ma

rkttattae#44 Fc h dkc~awthufkc fum Tadwauhwv kn Eanacta @hfwe kc Ck~# 82, 86?8, Cf}kc

a}r`hfcae umhu uma Fcekcatfhct caaeae jf`fuhwv axqfrjacu uk eanace umafw ft`hcet nwkj

umafw acajfat# Ma efe cku hcu hckumaw Tqihwck uk ga rwatfeacu kn Fcekcatfh# Cf}kc

h`tk tuhuae, Fcekcatfh ft uma gfo rwf|a# Fut h gfo rwf|a# _a ekcu umfci kn fu ~awv jqdm#

Cf}kc h`tk trkia fc uma A}adquf~a Knnfda Gqfèfco uk Tadwauhwv kn uma Uwahtqwv Dkcch``v,

mk mhe wadacu`v ~ftfuae Fcekcatfh# Dkcch``v a}rwattae mft ~fa umhu Fcekcatfh ht

fjrkwuhcu nkw QT rk`fdv fc uma waofkc hce umhu h QT rwatacda dkqè ga tqtuhfcae fc

Tkqumahtu Htfh jf`fuhwf`v hce adkckjfdh``v# Dkcch``v trkia rktfuf~a`v kn uma Fcekcatfhc

àheawtmfr ht tjhwu, n`qacu fc Aco`ftm, a``*aeqdhuae fc uma Qcfuae Tuhuat, hce hoowattf~a#

Gqu h`jktu ht h nkwatmhekfco, ma jacufkcae umhu tkja nwkj uma Qcfuae Tuhuat efe cku

`fia h na Fcekcatfhc oacawh`t mk awa gqeefat fum Tqmhwuk, gadhqta umav awa ghe

jac# Uma Cf}kc Hejfcftuwhufkc dkctfeawae Fcekcatfh h ~h`qhgà nwface uk mh~a fc

Tkqumahtu Htfh#45

Gv `hua 86?7, uma Qcfuae Tuhuat dkcufcqae uk tqrrkwu Tqmhwukt ok~awcjacu hce

eatrfua `fjfufco kn nqcet gv Dkcowatt, uma _mfua Mkqta wajhfcae eauawjfcae uk iaar

okke wa`hufkct fum Fcekcatfh# K~awh``, Lkmc Mkèwfeoa tuhuae uma QT * Fcekcatfhc

wa`hufkct awa ~awv okke hce hwoqae umhu Fcekcatfh ht owhuanq` nkw uma adkckjfd hce

jf`fuhwv tqrrkwu uma Qcfuae Tuhuat waceawae# Tqmhwuk waxqatuae %?12 jf``fkc fc adkckjfd

httftuhcda nwkj uma Fcuaw Ok~awcjacuh` Owkqr nkw Fcekcatfh -FOOF& hce Cf}kc r`hccae

uk dkcuwfgqua h umfwe kn umhu hjkqcu# Hùmkqom fc 86?7, uma Qcfuae Tuhuat rwkmfgfuae uma

fttqfco kn `khct uk uma Fcekcatfhc kf` dkjrhcv, Rawuhjfch, gadhqta kn h`àohufkct kn

44 Jajkwhceqj kn Dkc~awthufkc, _htmfcoukc, Lq`v =, 86?2, >?5#45 Aefukwfh` Ckua, Ck~# 82, 86?8 dkc~awthufkc gauaac Cf}kc . @hfwe, Ck~ajgaw 85, 86?8 dkc~awthufkcgauaac Cf}kc . Dkcch``v, >6>*>66#

7?


28/69

jhttf~a dkwwqrufkc#41 Cf}kc hcuae uma Qcfuae Tuhuat uk wajhfc fc Tkqumahtu Htfh tk

umhu rahda hce tuhgf`fuv jfomu ga rwataw~ae, eatrfua uma dkcn`fdu fc ^fauchj#4>

Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat gaohc uk uwhea jf`fuhwv mhwehwa uk uma Tqmhwuk waofja, jqdm

kn mfdm ht qtae fc uma dkcn fdu fc Ahtu Ufjkw# @vcc rwkrktae of~fco jf`fuhwv eah`t uk

Fcekcatfh nkw eah`fco fum fttqat kn fcuawch` tadqwfuv# Ma tqooatuae hwjfco uma

Fcekcatfhct fum hfwdwhnu tqdm ht afomuaac U*4?t hce uacuv D*5?t, h`kco fum ch~h`

~atta`t tqdm ht uac rhuwk` dwhnu hce ua`~a `hcefco dwhnu# Ma h`tk tqooatuae hwjfco cfca

fcnhcuwv ghuuh`fkct, mfdm h`` fc ukuh`, kqè mh~a dktu %?1 jf``fkc k~aw h nf~a*vahw

rawfke# Uma rqwrkta kn umata ahrkct ht tqrrktae uk ga rqwa`v eanactf~a, gadhqta QT

`h fcefdhuae umhu QT hwjt thàt jqtu cku ga qtae fc hdut kn hoowattfkc# @vcct

rwkrkth`t tkkc gadhja h wah`fuv kc h jqdm `hwoaw tdhà#4?

Hc fjrkwuhcu rhwu kn uma Qcfuae Tuhuat*Fcekcatfhc wa`hufkctmfr ht uma

f``fcocatt nkw uma Qcfuae Tuhuat uk ta`` hwjt uk Fcekcatfh, eatrfua umafw hdufkct fc Ahtu

Ufjkw# Fc 86?1 h`kca, uma Qcfuae Tuhuat jhea h ukuh` kn %>1 jf` fkc fc hwjt uwhctnawt uk

Fcekcatfh qr nwkj kc`v %87 jf``fkc fc 86?5# Tkja kn uma ahrkcwv umhu mht gaac

dkcnfwjae ht mh~fco gaac rqu uk qta fc Ahtu Ufjkw fcd`qeae hfwdwhnu, tqdm ht umwaa

@kdimaae D*842 uwhctrkwut hce tf}uaac Wkdia`` Gwkcdk K^*82t# Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat

uwhctnawwae owkqce ~amfdàt tqdm ht umfwuv*tf} Dhef``hd*Ohoa Dkjjhcek ^*812t#

Kumaw ~amfdàt umhu uma Qcfuae Tuhuat uwhctnawwae uk Fcekcatfh mfdm fu qtae fc Ahtu Ufjkw

fcd`qea T*>8 Ma`fdkruawt hce rhuwk` ~atta`t# Tkja tjh`` hwjt nwkj uma Qcfuae Tuhuat

awa h`tk qtae fc Ahtu Ufjkw gv Fcekcatfh fcd`qefco rftuk`t, J*8> htthqù wfnàt, jkwuhwt,

41 Ehjfac Ifcotgqwv, Uma Rk`fufdt kn Fcekcatfh -Ca Vkwi, K}nkwe Qcf~awtfuv Rwatt, 7227&, >1#4> Jajkwhceqj Nwkj Lkmc M# Mkèwfeoa kn uma Chufkch` Tadqwfuv Dkqcdf` Tuhnn uk uma RwatfeacutHttftuhcu nkw Chufkch` Tadqwfuv Hnnhfwt -Ifttfcoaw&, _htmfcoukc, Ck~# 78, 86?7, ?86*?78#4? Jhuuma Lhwefca,Ahtu Ufjk< Oackdfea fc Rhhefta, -Uqdtkc< Kekcfhc, 8661&, 4=#Jajkwhceqj kn Dkc~awthufkc, _htmfcoukc, Lq`v =, 86?2, >?8#

7=


29/69

wadkf`àtt wfnàt, hce jhdmfca oqct# Uma Fcekcatfhct h`tk qtae QT*jhcqnhduqwae

hjjqcfufkc hce dkjjqcfdhufkct axqfrjacu fc Ahtu Ufjkw# K~awh``, nwkj 86?1 uk 8661,

uma QT tkè %8#8 gf``fkc fc hwjt uk Fcekcatfh, jqdm kn mfdm Fcekcatfh qtae fc Ahtu

Ufjkw# Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat h``kae nkw ahrkct uwhctnawt uk Fcekcatfh uk a}rhce uma

Fcekcatfhc jf`fuhwv owahu`v, a~ac hnuaw uma Ahtu Ufjkw fc~htfkc#4=

Fcekcatfht oakowhrmfd `kdhufkc rwk~feae fu fum tuwhuaofd fjrkwuhcda fc waohwe uk

jhwfufja uwhnnfd# Fcekcatfh ma`rae nkwj uma Tuwhfu kn Jh`hddh, h tmfrrfco `hca umhu jqdm

kn uma kwèt uwhea rhttat umwkqom a~awv vahw# Fu kqè ga fc uma QT fcuawatut uk mh~a

nwface`v chufkct uk dkcuwk` uma tuwhfu uk rwkuadu uwhea# Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat hcuae uk mh~a

rawjfttfkc uk acuaw Fcekcatfhc uawwfukwfh` huawt, rhwufdq`hw`v fc uma eaar chwwkt cahw

Ufjkw# H wfomu kn rhtthoa kqè h``k QT tqgjhwfcat uk uwhctfu tadwau`v gauaac uma

Rhdfnfd hce Fcefhc Kdahct# Uma tadqwfuv kn jhwfufja uwhnnfd ht fjrkwuhcu uk QT rk`fdv

hce Fcekcatfh ht `kdhuae cahw h tuwhuaofdh``v fjrkwuhcu tmfrrfco `hca#46

Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat rkttattae ~hwfkqt adkckjfd fcuawatut fc Fcekcatfh tfcda 86>>

hce hùmkqom fu ft efnnfdqù uk eauawjfca mk jqdm umata fcuawatut eauawjfcae QT nkwafoc

rk`fdv, umav tmkqè ga ckuae waohweàtt# Uma Tqmhwuk ok~awcjacu acu umwkqom h cqjgaw

kn wankwjt umhu huuwhduae nkwafoc fc~atujacu# Fcekcatfht oakowhrmv, hgqcehcu chuqwh`

watkqwdat, hce rwk}fjfuv uk Ahtu Htfh ma`rae dkc~fcda Hjawfdhc fc~atukwt hce uwheawt uk

eah` fum Fcekcatfh# Hnuaw kf` rwfdat xqhewqràe fc 86?5, uma ekjfchcu dkjjkefuv kn

Fcekcatfhc uwhea ht rauwkàqj# Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat gkqomu h tf|ahgà rkwufkc kn

4= _f``fhj Mhwuwqco, QT Hwjt Uwhctnawt uk Fcekcatfh 86?1*866?, _mkt Fcn`qacdfco _mkj; _kwèRk`fdv Fctufuqua, muur, Dkè _h Mftukv 1, Ck# 4 -Hqoqtu 7221&< 7=69QT Dkcowatt, Mkqta Tqgdkjjfuuaat kc Fcuawchufkch` Kwohcf|hufkct hce kc Htfh hce Rhdfnfd Hnnhfwt knDkjjfuuaa kc Fcuawchufkch` Wa`hufkct,Mqjhc Wfomut fc Ahtu Ufjk hce uma Xqatufkc kn uma Qta kn QTaxqfrjacu gv uma Fcekcatfhc Hjae Nkdat, 61um Dkcowatt, 8tu Tattfkc, -_htmfcoukc< ORK, 86??&, 8?#

76


30/69

Fcekcatfht jauh` hce acawov a}rkwut eqwfco uma jfe*86?2t# Uma `hwoatu tmhwa umhu uma

Qcfuae Tuhuat mhe fc uma Fcekcatfhc jhwiau ht `hgkw*fcuactf~a jhcqnhduqwfco,

rhwufdq`hw`v uma ohwjacu fceqtuwv# Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat gkqomu hwkqce tf}uv rawdacu kn umata

okket qcuf` uma `hua 86=2t# Dkjrhcfat tqdm ht Cfia hce @a~f Tuwhqtt krawhuae

a}uactf~a`v fc Fcekcatfh# Jktu nkwafoc nfwjt fc Fcekcatfh fcuaceae uk a}rkwu umafw okket

uk kumaw chufkct# Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ht cku Fcekcatfht owahuatu uwhefco rhwucaw gv uma

86?2t, gqu tuf`` wajhfcae hc fjrkwuhcu uwhefco rhwucaw umwkqomkqu uma 86=2t#52

Fcekcatfh acuawae tuhuamkke hnuaw kddqrhufkc gv gkum Equdm hce Lhrhcata

fjrawfh`ftut hce nwkj umhu huuajruae uk nkwj h chufkc umhu qcfuae umkqthcet kn ft`hcet hce

~hwfkqt rakràt kn efnnawfco nhfumt# Tqihwck gadhja uma àheaw kn umft ca chufkc hce

jhea rk`fdv umhu qrtau jhcv chufkct kn uma _atu# Gv uma jfe*86>2t, uma Fcekcatfhc

adkckjv ht fc rkkw tmhra hce fut ok~awcjacu ht mah~f`v fc eagu# Ht Tqihwck gaohc

uk wa`v fcdwahtfco`v kc dkjjqcftut nkw ma`r, jf`fuhwv knnfdawt tkqomu uk a}rhce umafw

rkaw qcuf` Oacawh` Tqmhwuk war`hdae Tqihwck ht uma Rwatfeacu# Tqmhwuk mah~f`v wa`fae kc

chufkct tqdm ht uma Qcfuae Tuhuat nkw httftuhcda, hce uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ht f``fco uk

kg`foa# Ht Hjawfdhc fcn`qacda owa, Fcekcatfh gadhja h jkwa fjrkwuhcu uk uma Qcfuae

Tuhuat tuwhuaofd hce adkckjfd fcuawatut# _fum tk jqdm fc~atuae fc Fcekcatfh, uma Qcfuae

Tuhuat gadhja àtt f``fco uk achdu h rk`fdv umhu kqè ehjhoa umft fjrkwuhcu

wa`hufkctmfr#

52 Mh` Mf``, Uma Fcekcatfhc Adkckjv Tfcda 86>>, -Ca Vkwi< Dhjgwfeoa Qcf~awtfuv Rwatt, 866>&, r>>*=?Jhuuma Lhwefca,Ahtu Ufjk< Oackdfea fc Rhhefta, -Uqdtkc< Kekcfhc, 8661&, 58#

42


31/69

Dmhruaw Uk uk86, Thcukt ukè Lhihwuh umhu uma Rkwuqoqata ok~awcjacu wah`f|ae umhu hc

fcearaceacu Ufjkw ht cku ~fhgà, hce umac rwkdaaeae uk Ufjkw uk fctradu uma dk`kcv#

Thcukt rwkd`hfjae umhu hc fcearaceacu Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw ht Kqu kn uma xqatufkc#

Rkwuqoh`t ok~awcjacu dkctfeawae uma rkttfgf`fuv kn h``kfco Fcekcatfh uk hejfcftuaw uma

dk`kcv, gadhqta fu taajae `kofdh` umhu h `hwoaw cafomgkw dkqè hgtkwg h tjh`àw uawwfukwv

fc h rahdanq` hce kweaw`v jhccaw# Fcekcatfh kqè dawuhfc`v ga hgà uk rkqw nkqw ufjat

jkwa watkqwdat fc uma Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw umhc Rkwuqoh`t tracefco kn kc`v %75 jf``fkc raw

hccqj# Umawa ht h d`hqta fc uma Rkwuqoqata ok~awcjacut krfcfkc, nkw fu kqè kc`v

hddaru h uwhctfufkc uk Fcekcatfhc hqumkwfuv fn uma rakrà kn Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw f``fco`v

47


33/69

hddaruae fu# Qc`fia tkja Fcekcatfhc knnfdfh`t, Rkwuqoqata hqumkwfufat tqdm ht Thcukt efe

cku ga`fa~a umhu Nwauf`fc mhe dkccadufkct fum dkjjqcftu Dmfch# Whumaw, umav ga`fa~ae

Nwauf`fc ht h rwk*fcearaceacda tkdfh` eajkdwhufd rk`fufdh` rhwuv# Uma QT Ajghttv fc

Lhihwuh ga`fa~ae umhu hwufdàt nwkj Fcekcatfhc catrhrawt huuajruae nh`ta`v uk hddqta

Nwauf`fc, rhwufdq`hw`v fum uma Taruajgaw 8?umrwkuatut, kn gafco mah~f`v fcn`qacdae gv

dkjjqcftu Dmfch# Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat th h gàhi rfduqwa ajawofco hce wah`f|ae umhu

umawa awa na krufkct kc uma uhgà nkw Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw# Kumaw ok~awcjacut kn uma

kwè wah`f|ae uma chuqwa kn uma tfuqhufkc nkw uma dk`kcv#58

Uk uma Qcfuae Tuhuat Ajghttfat fc Lhihwuh, Dhcgawwh, hce @ftgkc fc Taruajgaw

86?5, Fcekcatfht ~fat kc Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw taajae fcdkctftuacu# Tkja Fcekcatfhct,

tqdm ht @faquachcu Oacawh` H`f Jqwukrk, d`hfjae umhu Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw ht dqùqwh``v

tfjf`hw uk Fcekcatfh hce umhu h jhlkwfuv fc Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw tqrrkwuae fcuaowhufkc kn uma

uawwfukwv fcuk Fcekcatfh# Jqwukrk tuhuae kc Kdu# 74, 86?5 umhu mft ok~awcjacu ht

ràhtae gv Jfcftuaw Thcukt rktfufkc kc Ufjkw hce umhu fcearaceacda dkqè kc`v ga

owhcuae fc chja# QT knnfdfh`t ica umhu umft tfjr`v ht cku uwqa# Eatrfua Hrkeauft

d`hfjt umhu fu ht uma tuwkcoatu rhwuv, fu ht wah``v uma ahiatu jhlkw rhwuv fc Ahtu Ufjkw#

Kc uma kumaw mhce, Nkwafoc Jfcftuaw Jh`fi ukè hc hjghtthekw umhu Fcekcatfh efe cku

ftm uk fcuaowhua fum Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw a~ac fn Rkwuqoh` wa`fcxqftmae fut ekjfchufkc,

gadhqta uma adkckjfd gqweac kqè ga ukk mah~v nkw Fcekcatfh# Hùmkqom QT knnfdfh`t

mkrae nkw h rahdanq` fcuaowhufkc umhu kqè `fia`v waxqfwa h~kfefco uma tdmaeqàe

ràgftdfua fc Jhwdm 86?1# Uma QT Ajghttv fc Lhihwuh rhfe d`kta huuacufkc uk Fcekcatfht

rk`fdv hce tuhuajacut ukhwe Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw# Hùmkqom @u# Oac# Vkoh Tqokjk kn

58 QT Earhwujacu kn Tuhua, Tuhuajacu kn Rkuqoqata Ufjk Fcearaceacda Okqr, 42 Jhv 86?59QT Earhwujacu kn Tuhua, ^ftfu Gv Rkuqoqata Jfcftua Thcukt Gaofc, 78 Kdukgaw 86?5#

44


34/69

Fcekcatfh thfe umhu mft chufkc mhe ck eatfwa uk hcca} uma watu kn Ufjkw, ma hwoqae umhu hc

fcearaceacu Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw kqè umwahuac uma tadqwfuv kn mft chufkc hce umhu uma

rwkladuae adkckjfd fjrhdu kn dkcuwk``fco uma watu kn Ufjkw ht kwum uma tadqwfuv kn

fcuaowhufkc# Uma QT Hjghtthekw hcuae h dkwefh` howaajacu gqu ga`fa~ae umhu uma

Qcfuae Tuhuat tmkqè cku ga fc~k`~ae fc uma jhuuaw# Fcekcatfht rktfufkc kc Rkwuqoqata

Ufjkw gadhja qcdàhw umhcit uk tuhuajacut tqdm ht umata hce hùmkqom uma Qcfuae Tuhuat

efe cku fcuace uk gadkja fc~k`~ae, fu kqè mh~a `fiae uk mh~a ickc umhu h`` rhwufat

eatfwae h rahdanq` tk`qufkc#57

Ht h d`kta cafomgkw kn Ufjkw, Hqtuwh`fh ht qceawtuhcehg`v dkcdawcae hgkqu uma

nquqwa kn uma ft`hce# Fcekcatfhc nkwafoc rk`fdv gaohc uk hrrahw ht fn hc fcearaceacu

Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw ht cku hc krufkc# Hqtuwh`fhc Nkwafoc Jfcftuaw Ekc _f`àttaa

kgladuae uk uma feah umhu umawa awa kc`v uk krufkct nkw Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw, fcuaowhufkc kw

dk`kcfh`ftj# Whumaw ma ga`fa~ae umhu fcearaceacda ht hc krufkc gqu efe cku ga`fa~a umhu

Hqtuwh`fh tmkqè oau fc~k`~ae fc uma nquqwa kn Ufjkw hce tmkqè hekru fc h mhcet knn

hrrwkhdm# Uk dh`j tqdm uactfkct, Fcekcatfhc Nkwafoc Jfcftuaw Hehj Jh`fi ead`hwae umhu

uma umfwe krufkc kn fcearaceacda ht umakwaufdh`# Ma dkctfeawae umhu lkfcfco Fcekcatfh

ht `kofdh` nkw Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw, gadhqta fu ht tk rkkw, hce tqooatuae umhu dmhkt jfomu

actqa fumkqu hcv kqutfea hqumkwfuv# Uma ok~awcjacut kn Hqtuwh`fh, Ca \ah`hce, hce

Fcekcatfh howaae hu uma ufja umhu uma Qcfuae Chufkct tmkqè cku oau fc~k`~ae fc uma

tfuqhufkc fc Ahtu Ufjkw# Uk dh`j uma kwwfat kn uma Hqtuwh`fhc ok~awcjacu, Jh`fi tuhuae

umhu hu uma ufja umawa ht ck wahtkc uk ga rhwufdq`hw`v dkcdawcae hgkqu uma jhccaw# Vau

57 QT Tuhua Earhwujacu, ^ftfu uk Hqtuh`fh gv Rkuqoqata Jfcftua E# H`jafeh Thcukt, 78 Kdukgaw 86?59QT Tuhua Earhwujacu,H`f Jqukrk kc Rkuqoqata Ufjk, 8= Taruajgaw 86?59QT Tuhua Earhwujacu, Jh`fi Kc Nquqa kn Rkuqoqata Ufjk, 85 Hqoqtu 86?5#

45


35/69

eatrfua Hqtuwh`fht dkcdawc k~aw Ufjkw, uma ok~awcjacu ht cku ht f``fco uk oau mah~f`v

fc~k`~ae fc uma rkuacufh` rwkgàj hu uma ufja#54

Cku a~awvkca fc uma Fcekcatfhc ok~awcjacu tmhwae rktfufkc tuhuae gv Jh`fi#

Jh`fi a~acuqh``v hùawae mft krfcfkc# Fcekcatfh gadhja fcdwahtfco`v dkcdawcae k~aw uma

tfuqhufkc fc Rkwuqoh` gadhqta Rwatfeacu Trfck`h ànu knnfda hce kwwfat kn h ànuftu

ok~awcjacu ajawoae# Jh`fi gaohc uk gkhtu umhu >2*?2 rawdacu kn uma fcmhgfuhcut kn

Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw eatfwae fcuaowhufkc hce umhu Fcekcatfh dkqè kg`foa fumkqu ukk jqdm

efnnfdqùv# Umft rktfufkc ht h dkjràua wa~awth` nwkj uk jkcumt ahw`faw nkw Jh fi#

Rwatfeacufh` he~ftkw Oacawh` Jqwukrk tuhuae fc rqg`fd umhu uma Fcekcatfhc ok~awcjacu

tmkqè h~kfe uma hrrahwhcda kn a}rhctfkcftj hce uma qta kn jf`fuhwv nkwda kqè ehjhoa

Fcekcatfht fjhoa# Gqu ma tqooatuae umhu umawa awa kc`v uk àofufjhua krufkct nkw

Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw< afumaw wajhfcfco h dk`kcv kw fcuaowhufkc fum Fcekcatfh, gqu wajhfcfco

h dk`kcv ht cku nahtfgà fc Jqwukrkt avat# Ma umawankwa ga`fa~ae umhu fcuaowhufkc ht

uma kc`v wah` krufkc# Hjghtthekw Catkj ga`fa~ae umhu Jqwukrk hduae kc kweawt nwkj

Tqmhwuk uk jhia umkta tuhuajacut, gadhqta fu ht lqtu ukk fjrkwuhcu hc fttqa nkw Jqwukrk

uk huuwfgqua nh`ta`v uk Tqmhwuk# Tuhuajacut gv mfom*whcifco Fcekcatfhc knnfdfh`t

eajkctuwhuae uma dmhcoae huufuqea hce rk`fdv kn Tqmhwukt Fcekcatfh# QT knnfdfh`t awa

mhrrv uk mahw Fcekcatfh wackqcdae uma qta kn jf`fuhwv hdufkc hu umft rkfcu gqu mhe wahtkc

uk ga tqtrfdfkqt hgkqu uma f``fcocatt kn uma Fcekcatfhc ok~awcjacu uk hddaru hcv

hùawchuf~at kumaw umhc fcuaowhufkc#55

Thcukt maè h rwatt dkcnawacda fc Rkwuqoh` qrkc mft wauqwc kc Kdukgaw 77 hce

trkia kn mft r`hct nkw uma nquqwa kn Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw# Ma a}rwattae jqdm dkcdawc k~aw

54 QT Tuhua Earhwujacu,Hqtuh`fhc Nkafoc Jfcftua Efthoaat wfum Fcekcatfh kc Rkuqoqata Ufjk9Jh`fi D`hfnfat OKF Rk`fdv, 6 Eadajgaw 86?5955 QT Tuhua Earhwujacu, Jh`fi kc Rkuqoqata Ufjk, 82 Kdukgaw 86?59QT Tuhua Earhwujacu,Fcekcatfhc Rk`fdv ukwhet Rkuqoqata Ufjk, > Ck~ajgaw 86?5#

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uma tfuqhufkc fc Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw hce hcuae uk mh~a aàdufkct nkw h Dkctufuqacu

Httajg`v gqu kwwfae umhu uma mfom whua kn f `fuawhdv kqè fjraea umhu rwkdatt# Ma efe

cku hcu uk owhcu h rwajhuqwa fcearaceacda uk uma uawwfukwv fc nahw umhu fu kqè àhe uk

Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw nh``fco qceaw uma kwgfu kn hckumaw tuhua# Eatrfua umft ~fa, QT

Hjghtthekw uk Rkwuqoh` Tdkuu ckuae umhu umawa ht jqdm tqrrkwu nkw fcuaowhufkc fum

Fcekcatfh fc Rkwuqoh`# Kc Kdukgaw 76, 86?5 uma Rkwuqoqata Dkqcdf` kn Tuhua hrrwk~ae

uma ckjfchufkc kn @faquachcu Dk`kca` Jhwfk @ajkt Rfwat ht uma ca ok~awckw kn

Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw# Hu uma ufja kn uma hrrkfcujacu, Rfwat ht nkwuv*nkqw vahwt kè hce

mhe taw~ae fc uma Rkwuqoqata Hwjv tfcda 865=# Umawa ft h rkttfgf fuv umhu uma ckjfchufkc

kn Rfwat ht hc huuajru uk ràhta uma Qcfuae Tuhuat fc uma mkra umhu uma QT fcn`qacda

kqè rwa~acu hcv a}uwaja hdufkc gv uma uawwfukwvt cafomgkwt# Rfwat owheqhuae nwkj Nkwu

@ah~ackwum Tuhnn Dk`àoa fc uma Qcfuae Tuhuat fc uma ukr nf~a rawdacu kn uma d`htt kn

?7*?4# Rfwat tqrrkwuae uma Qcfuae Tuhuat, ht rk`fufdh``v jkeawhua, hce efthrrwk~ae kn

uma rk`fdfat kn uma ok~awcjacu kn Rkwuqoh`# Rfwat wadkwe eajkctuwhuae umhu ma ht h

dkjrauacu knnfdaw mk dkqè mhceà h uwhctfufkc kn rkaw eajkctuwhua umafw dkcdawct

k~aw umafw nhw hhv uawwfukwv#51

Uma Fcekcatfhc ok~awcjacu gadhja a~ac jkwa gwh|ac fc tqooatufco h dkqwta kn

hdufkc fc Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw uk uma Qcfuae Tuhuat# Fcekcatfhc Hjghtthekw Wqtjfc

Cqwvhefc trkia fum Httftuhcu Tadwauhwv Mhgfg kn uma Qcfuae Tuhuat# Eqwfco umft

eftdqttfkc ma htiae fn Fcekcatfh dkqè mh~a rawjfttfkc uk uhia h Ewhtufd Tuar fn kca

rhwuv fc Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw ukki rkaw hce ead`hwae fcearaceacda# Mhgfg watrkceae umhu

ma efe cku hcu uk mvrkumatf|a hce tradq`hua hgkqu nquqwa a~acut# Macwv Ifttfcoaw

51 QT Tuhua Earhwujacu, OKR Tuhuajacu kn Nquqa kn Ufjk, 75 Kdukgaw 86?59QT Tuhua Earhwujacu,Rkuqoqata Dkqcdf` kn Tuhua, 1 Ck~ajgaw 86?59Nkwjaw QT Hjghtthekwt uk Rkwuqoh`, QT Ajghttv @ftgkc, Rkuqoh`,muur


37/69

hwoqae umhu uma Qcfuae Tuhuat tmkqè cku ea~fhua ukk jqdm nwkj uma rk`fdfat kn kumaw

chufkct fc uma waofkc tqdm ht Hqtuwh`fh hce Jh`hvtfh hce nk``k uma oacawh` ufea kn

fcuawchufkch` hnnhfwt# H`tk, kca QT knnfdfh` ga fa~ae umhu uma Qcfuae Tuhuat tmkqè cku

acohoa futa`n fc umata hnnhfwt hce umhu Fcekcatfh kqè rwanaw ckc*fcuaw~acufkc gv uma

Qcfuae Tuhuat#5>

Gv uma ace kn 86?5, Fcekcatfhc fcuacufkct gadhja hrrhwacu uk uma Qcfuae Tuhuat

hce Hqtuwh`fh# Eatrfua uma wmaukwfd hce uma tk*dh`àe watradu kn Rkwuqoqata Ufjkwt wfomu

uk ta`n*eauawjfchufkc, umft ht jawa`v h tmk# Hqtuwh`fhct Wfdmhwetkc hce Mhtufco

uhìae uk Fcekcatfhc knnfdfh` Mhwwv Ulhc fc h rwf~hua `qcdm# Ulhc g`huhcu`v rwkd`hfjae

Fcekcatfht fcuacufkct uk qta nkwda uk kddqrv uma watu kn Ufjkw fn Tqmhwuk eaajae hc

fc~htfkc cadatthwv# Uma QT Dkctq`hua fc Tqwhghvh qcdk~awae h wahtkc nkw fcuaceae

fcuaowhufkc kn Ufjkw fcuk Fcekcatfh# Uma ok~awckw fc Tqwhghvh ht dkcdawcae fn uma

Ufjkwata kn uma ahtu wadaf~ae fcearaceacda, fu jfomu rwk~fea fctrfwhufkc nkw umkta fc uma

atu uk wa~kù# Hùmkqom uma QT Dkctq`hua dkqè cku dkcnfwj uma uwqum kn uma tuhuajacu,

h`` Fcekcatfhc knnfdfh`t taajae uk ga gkum nwkj Lh~h kw Wkuf hce cku nwkj uma kumaw

ft`hcet kn Fcekcatfh# Umft àe uma dkctq`hua uk ga fa~a umhu Fcekcatfh ht cku cadatthwf v

h chufkc mawa h`` ft`hcet awa maè fc axqh` waohwe# Uma thja dkctq`hua rwaefduae umhu

uma Fcekcatfhct kqè mh~a efnnfdqùv fc hc htthqù kc Ahtu Ufjkw gadhqta umawa awa

wkqom`v 8,222 Rkwuqoqata tkèfawt rwatacu fum hc h~awhoa kn umwaa vahwt fc uma taw~fda#

Rkwuqoqata tkèfawt wadaf~ae uwhfcfco fc oqawwf``h hwnhwa, jhcv awa ~auawhct kn dk`kcfh`

hwt fc Hcok`h hce Jk|hjgfxqa, hce jktu awa mfom`v eftdfr`fcae# Uma QT Dkctq`hua

knnfdfh`t mhe wahtkc uk ga`fa~a umhu uma chuf~at kqè cku gace uk Fcekcatfhc hqumkwfuv,

gadhqta uma Ufjkwata efe cku trahi Fcekcatfhc hce, fc uma `htu fc~htfkc, hc atufjhuae

5> QT Tuhua Earhwujacu,Fcekcatfh hce Rkuqoqata Ufjk, 4 Taruajgaw 86?5#

4?


38/69

822,222 Ufjkwata efae hu uma mhcet kn uma Lhrhcata, vau uma `kdh` àheawt efe cku waàcu#

Uma rkkw wkhet hce oakowhrmv kn uma ft`hce jhea `koftufdt h cfomujhwa# Uma Fcekcatfhc

jf`fuhwv ht h`tk qcrwarhwae nkw h dkcn`fdu kn umft jhocfuqea hddkwefco uk uma dkctq`#

Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ok~awcjacu gadhja hhwa kn uma Fcekcatfhc fcuacufkct jkwa umhc h

vahw gankwa uma dkcn`fdu oku qceawhv#5?

Uma Hqtuwh`fhc Rwatt gaohc uk nkdqt huuacufkc kc uma rkttfgf`fuv kn uma qta kn nkwda

gv uma Fcekcatfhc ok~awcjacu hohfctu Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw# Aefukwfh`t fc Hqtuwh`fhc

catrhrawt tqooatuae umhu hc fc~htfkc kn uma uawwfukwv kqè ga ~faae caohuf~a`v gv uma

Hqtuwh`fhc rqg`fd# Rakrà dwfufdf|ae Tqmhwuk, mk hduae `fia ma dkqè warahu Tqihwckt

jf`fuhwv tqddatt fc _atu Ca Oqfcah# Nwauf`fc hce QEU waxqatuae httftuhcda nwkj uma

Hqtuwh`fhc ok~awcjacu nkw httftuhcda fc hdmfa~fco fcearaceacda kc Nagwqhwv 75, 86?1#

A~feacda tqooatuae umhu umata rhwufat aclkvae tqrrkwu nwkj ht jqdm ht 61 rawdacu kn uma

Rkwuqoqata Ufjkwata rkrq`hufkc nkw fcearaceacda# Uma Hqtuwh`fhc ok~awcjacu jqtu

mh~a wah`f|ae uma rkuacufh` ehjhoa fc uma rqg`fd trmawa umhu hc fc~htfkc kn h cafomgkw gv

hckumaw cafomgkw dkqè mh~a kc `kco*uawj wa`hufkct gauaac Fcekcatfh hce Hqtuwh`fh#5=

Rkwuqoh` uwfae uk dkjjqcfdhua uk uma Qcfuae Tuhuat umhu fut tkèfawt awa gafco

qcnhfw`v rkwuwhvae gv Fcekcatfh hce uma Ufjkwata rk`fufdh` rhwufat rkttattae hc

qceawtuhcefco hgkqu uma rkttfgf`fuv kn wadkocfufkc# Fcekcatfh dkceqduae h rwkrhohceh

dhjrhfoc umhu huuajruae uk tjahw uma Rkwuqoqata hqumkwfufat ghtae fc Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw

ht hc huuajru uk jfcfjf|a hcv rkuacufh` nh``kqu nwkj hcv hdufkc umhu jfomu taaj

qccadatthwv fc atuawc avat kw rwk~fea lqtufnfdhufkc nkw hc htthqù# Umata huuajrut

rwkghg`v mhe `fuuà annadu kc uma QT rk`fdv, gadhqta uma hddqthufkct awa wfefdq`kqt# Uma

5? QT Tuhua Earhwujacu,Hccqh` Fcekcatfhc Eftdqttfkct, 8 Ck~ajgaw 86?59QT Tuhua Earhwujacu, Dqacu Ea~a`krjacut fc Rkuqoqata Ufjk, 8= Eadajgaw 86?595= QT Tuhua Earhwujacu,Hqtuh`fhc Ratt hce Rh`fhjacu Dkcufcqa uk Eftdqtt Tfuqhufkc fc RkuqoqataUfjk, 7> Nagwqhwv 86?1#

4=


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fctftuacda umhu @ajkt Rfwat hce mft knnfdawt awa jajgawt kn uma Dkjjqcftu Rhwuv hce

umhu Rkwuqoqata rawrauqhuae dmhkt awa f``kofdh` hgtqwefufat# Rk`fufdh` kwohcf|hufkc tqdm

ht Nwauf`fc qceawtukke umhu ea nhduk fcearaceacda dkqè cku ga hdmfa~ae qcuf` uma

Ufjkwata adkckjv dkqè tqrrkwu h ~fhgà Tuhua# Nwauf`fc kqè mh~a rwanawwae ea lqa

fcearaceacda fc ahw`v 86?1# Rkwuqoqata knnfdaw Jhlkw Dktuh Lkchuht, Dmfan kn Dhgfcau kn

Fcnkwjhufkc Earhwujacu, uwfae uk a}r`hfc umhu Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw `hv fumfc uma trmawa kn

Hjawfdhc fcn`qacda hce Nwauf`fc ht cku dkjjqcftu, gqu jawa`v rwkowattf~a# Hèjafeh

Thcukt wajhfcae krac uk uma feah kn fcuaowhufkc, gqu ga`fa~ae uma rk`fufdh` fctuwqjacu nkw

umhu rwkdatt, Hrkeauf, ht kwumàtt ht h rk`fufdh` rhwuv gadhqta fu mhwe`v mhe hcv

tqrrkwu# Ma ga`fa~ae umhu jhvga fu dkqè ga qtanq` nkw hejfcftuawfco hfea gqu cku uk

warwatacu uma ga`fant kn uma Rkwuqoqata Ufjkwata rakrà# Uma Rkwuqoqata kgladuae

~fokwkqt`v uk uma t`hceaw umhu umafw rakrà wadaf~ae nkw jawa`v gafco fc Rkwuqoqata

Ufjkw#56

Uma eftdk~awv hce ewf``fco kn rauwkàqj knn Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw rwkjftae uk gwfco

ahùm uk mkja~aw dkqè uhr umft rwadfkqt watkqwda# H dkjrhcv ickc ht Ufjkw Kf

nkqce acdkqwhofco watqùt hce mkrae uk gaofc tawfkqt ewf``fco, gqu uma jhlkw tukdimkèaw,

Eketkc, qcekqguae`v gadhja nqwfkqt mac ma nkqce kqu umhu Gqwjh Tma`` gkqomu mh`n kn

Ufjkw Kf`t tukdi# Ht hc huuajru uk nace knn umft dkwrkwhua uhiak~aw, Eketkc wadaf~ae

httftuhcda nwkj hc qcchjae Hjawfdhc kf dkjrhcv# Uma QT Ajghttv rhfe d`kta

huuacufkc uk umata eftdk~awfat, gqu umawa ft `fuuà a~feacda ht uk mk umft efwadu`v hnnaduae

QT nkwafoc rk`fdv#12

56 QT Tuhua Earhwujacu,Rkuqoqata Ufjk Ea~a`krjacut, 5 Jhwdm 86?19QT Tuhua Earhwujacu, Ok~# kn Rkuqoqata Ufjk Rkuatu, > Jhwdm 86?1#12 QT Tuhua Earhwujacu,Raukàqj Ef``fco fc Rkuqoqata Ufjk, 4 Jhwdm 86?1#

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40/69

Gv 86?1, hc fjracefco fc~htfkc kn Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw taajae fjjfcacu# Eatrfua

uma ok~awcjacu kn Fcekcatfht eacfh`t kn hcv r`hct uk htthqù Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw, fu ht

hrrhwacu uk uma Qcfuae Tuhuat gv Nagwqhwv umhu uma Fcekcatfhct dkctuwqduae hce fjrwk~ae

wkhet fc atuawc Ufjkw# Umata fjrwk~ajacut awa uhiac ht tfoct kn hc fjracefco

knnactf~a# Fc Jhwdm, Hqtuwh`fhc Hjghtthekw _h`dkuu ckufdae umhu tkja knnfdawt fc uma

Fcekcatfhc jf`fuhwv hcuae uk fc~hea Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw, gqu ma ga`fa~ae Tqmhwuk wanqtae

uk fc~hea qcàtt uma tfuqhufkc eauawfkwhuae fcuk dmhkt# Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ht h`tk hhwa

kn umft fcnkwjhufkc# Tqmhwuk d`hfjae umhu ma mhe ck fcuacufkct kn fcuaw~acfco, gqu

hddkwefco uk Wk`hce, Fcekcatfh ht hu uma àhtu, uwvfco uk iaar fut krufkct krac#

Hùmkqom uma Qcfuae Tuhuat dkqè cku ga hgtk`qua`v dawuhfc umhu Fcekcatfh fcuaceae uk

fc~hea Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw, umawa awa dawuhfc`v ackqom tfoct uk tqooatu uma rkttfgf`fuv#18

Ht uma rkttfgf`fuv kn h hw fc Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw gadhja jkwa `fia`v, kumaw chufkct

mkrae uk jfcfjf|a umafw fc~k`~ajacu# Uma Hqtuwh`fhc ok~awcjacu efe cku hcu uk

fcuaw~aca jf`fuhwf`v9 whumaw fu kc`v hcuae uk ma`r uma mqjhcfuhwfhc dwftft umhu kqè

ajawoa# Hqtuwh`fh efe cku hcu uk hrrahw `fia h dk`kcfh` k~aw`kwe, hce tqdm a}uactf~a

hdufkct kqè uhia watkqwdat umhu Hqtuwh`fhct jfomu cku mh~a hcuae uk trace hu uma ufja#

Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat kwwfae hgkqu uma mqjhcfuhwfhc htradu ukk, gqu h`tk nahwae mhu fjrhdu

hc Fcekcatfhc fcuaw~acufkc jfomu mh~a kc wa`hufkct fum Fcekcatfh# Knnfdfh`t fc uma Tuhua

Earhwujacu ga`fa~ae umhu chufkct tqdm h Rkwuqoh` hce waofkc rkawt tmkqè ma`r

eauawjfca uma tuhuqt kn Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw fc uma nquqwa# Tftdk tqooatuae umhu uma Qcfuae

Tuhuat tmkqè cku rqwtqa h rk`fdv umhu nh~kwae hcv rhwufdq`hw krufkc, gqu whumaw tmkqè àu

kumaw chufkct eah` fum uma rwkgàj# Fc tuhwi krrktfufkc uk h warkwu nwkj Tqwhghvh, Tftdk

18 QT Tuhua Earhwujacu,Fcekcatfhc Fcuacufkct fc Rkuqoqata Ufjk, 82 Jhwdm 86?19QT Tuhua Earhwujacu,Fcekcatfh hce Rkuqoqata Ufjk*Hqtuh`fhc faw , 87 Jhwdm 86?19QT Tuhua Earhwujacu,Fcekcatfh Eacfat R`hct uk Taf|a Rkuqoqata Ufjk, 7> Nagwqhwv 86?1#

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41/69

ga`fa~ae umhu uma Fcekcatfhct dkqè ahtf`v eanahu Rkwuqoqata tkèfawt hce Ufjkwata

rhwufthct# Tftdk huuajruae uk httatt uma warawdqttfkct kn h dkcn`fdu hce rwaefduae umhu uma

QT hce Hqtuwh`fh rqg`fd kqè ga hcowv, gqu h `hdi kn ickàeoa hce fcuawatu fc uma

uawwfukwv kqè cku watqù fc ukk jqdm ghe rqg`fdfuv# Mka~aw, Tftdk wadkjjaceae umhu

uma Qcfuae Tuhuat tmkqè uawjfchua jf`fuhwv hce adkckjfd httftuhcda uk Fcekcatfh#

K~awh`` uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ok~awcjacu ga`fa~ae umhu uma rakrà kn Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw

tmkqè eauawjfca umafw nquqwa, eatrfua umata gàhi dfwdqjtuhcdat#17

Gankwa Rwatfeacu Nkwe hce Macwv Ifttfcoaw ~ftfuae Fcekcatfh nwkj Eadajgaw 1 uk

>, 86?1, uma Tuhua Earhwujacu fttqae warkwut umhu fcd`qeae fcnkwjhufkc hgkqu Fcekcatfh

hce Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw# Ifttfcoaw tacu h jajkwhceqj uk uma Rwatfeacu eatdwfgfco uma

tuwhuaofd fjrkwuhcda kn Fcekcatfh uk QT nkwafoc rk`fdv, hce hu uma ace kn uma ekdqjacu

ht uma tadufkc hgkqu Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw# Fc uma jajk, Ifttfcoaw tuhuat umhu hùmkqom

Fcekcatfh kqè ckwjh``v ga f``fco uk h``k h dk`kcv ht h cafomgkw, Tqmhwuk nahwae umhu

hc fcearaceacu Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw kqè dwahua ~hdqqj nkw Dmfcata dkjjqcftu

fcn`qacda# Ifttfcoaw ukè Tqmhwuk ma efe cku hcu hc hwjae kddqrhufkc, gadhqta umft

kqè fca~fuhg`v jahc umhu QT hwjt awa gafco qtae fc hc f`àoh` dkcua}u, hce QT hwjt

awa cku tqrrktae uk, gv `h, ga qtae fc hcv knnactf~a hdufkc# Nkw uma jkjacu, Tqmhwuk

ht matfuhcu uk `hqcdm hc fc~htfkc, rkttfg`v gadhqta uma Qcfuae Tuhuat xqfau`v fcefdhuae

umhu watuwfdufkc# Hddkwefco uk uma jajk, Nkwe ht kc`v uk uhì hgkqu uma tqgladu fn

Tqmhwuk gwkqomu fu qr hce uma Rwatfeacut rk`fdv ht cku tqgtuhcufh``v efnnawacu nwkj

rwa~fkqt tuhuajacut# Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat a}rwattae hrrwadfhufkc nkw uma mfumawuk watuwhfcu

hce hddaruhcda kn h jawoaw fn uma rakrà kn Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw howaae# Uma jajk

17 QT Tuhua Earhwujacu,Rfja Jfcftua kc Rkuqoqata Ufjk, 4 Taruajgaw 86?19QT Tuhua Earhwujacu,Fcekcatfh hce Rkuqoqata Ufjk, 8> Hqoqtu 86?1#

58


42/69

eajkctuwhuat umhu Ifttfcoaw ht uma jhc mk nkdqtae jkwa kc uma fttqa, hce Nkwe mhe

`fjfuae kn ickàeoa kn uma tqgladu#14

Tqmhwuk jau fum Nkwe hce Ifttfcoaw uk eftdqtt h ~hwfauv kn fttqat hce fn uma

jajk ft hcv d`qa, Rkwuqoqata Ufjkw ht kc uma gkuukj kn uma hoaceh nkw uma Qcfuae

Tuhuat# Fc h eftdqttfkc fum warkwuawt fc Fcekcatfh, Ifttfcoaw warkwuae`v tuhuae mac

dkcnwkcuae hgkqu Ahtu Ufjkw, uma QT qceawtuhcet Fcekcatfht rktfufkc kc uma xqatufkc

kn YAhtu UfjkwZ H`tk ma tuhuae umhu, fn uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ht nkwdae uk rfdi h tfea, fu

mhe uk ga kc uma tfea kn Fcekcatfh# Kumawt tqdm ht Jhuuma Lhwefca fcuawrwau umata

dkjjacut ht gafco a~feacda kn uma tk*dh`àe owaac `fomu uk fc~hea Fcekcatfh of~ac gv

Ifttfcoaw# Umft tqooatufkc taajt `kofdh` dkctfeawfco uma fc~htfkc umhu nk``kae tmkwu`v

hnuawhwet9 gqu nqwumaw a~feacda tmkqè ga rwk~feae nkw umft d`hfj# Uma jaaufco gauaac

Nkwe, Ifttfcoaw, hce Tqmhwuk mht gadkja fcnhjkqt fc uma avat kn umkta mk ga`fa~a umhu

uma Qcfuae Tuhuat oh~a rawjfttfkc nkw hc fc~htfkc kn Ahtu Ufjkw#15

Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ok~awcjacut dkcdawc k~aw uma fc~htfkc taajt uk ga ghtae kc

uma nhdu umhu Fcekcatfh g`huhcu`v qtae QT axqfrjacu uk fc~hea Ahtu Ufjkw# Uma jktu

rwkjfcacu nkwjaw QT Ch~v hwtmfr qtae eqwfco uma dhjrhfoc ht uma IWF Jhuhefchuh,

mfdm ht uma nkwjaw QTT Dmhàt Gav, EA*8241, mfdm gkjghweae Ef`f, Ahtu Ufjkw

nkw hc mkqw kc Eadajgaw ?, 86?1 ht rhwu kn uma fc~htfkc#11 Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ht hhwa

umhu Fcekcatfh qtae hu àhtu nf~a nkwjaw Hjawfdhc uwhctrkwut ickc ht 188 D`htt @TU#

Ht rhwu kn hfwgkwca krawhufkct Fcekcatfh qtae nf~a D*5?t hce afomu Mawdqàt D*842t#

14 QT Tuhua Earhwujacu, Vkq ^ftfu uk Fcekcatfh, 86?1QT Tuhua Earhwujacu, Fcekcatfh,Ratfeacufh` ftfut ,muur


43/69

Hùmkqom ck QT*jhea dkjghu hfwdwhnu awa eftdk~awae fc uma fcfufh` htthqù, ma`fdkruawt

efe qta Hjawfdhc #12 dh`fgaw jhdmfca oqct# Eqwfco uma fcfufh` htthqù, uma Qcfuae Tuhuat

ht hhwa umhu Fcekcatfhc rhwhuwkkrawt qtae Hjawfdhc*jhcqnhduqwae htthqù wfnàt, `fomu

jhdmfca oqct, owachea `hqcdmawt, jkwuhwt, hce h ~hwfauv kn kumaw tjh`` hwjt# Eatrfua umft

ickàeoa, uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ht a}uwaja`v t`k uk tukr uma thà kn ahrkct uk

Fcekcatfh#1>

Uma Qcfuae Chufkct Tadqwfuv Dkqcdf` wahduae t`k`v uk uma dwftft fc Ahtu Ufjkw uk

howaa kc h watk`qufkc umhu heewattae uma tfuqhufkc# Uma `hcoqhoa fc uma watk`qufkc ht

wa`huf~a`v tknu gadhqta uma dkqcdf` ear`kwae uma fc~htfkc, whumaw umhc kquwfomu

dkceajcfco fu# Uma watk`qufkc dh`àe nkw chufkct uk watradu uma uawwfukwfh` fcuaowfuv hce

ta`n*eauawjfchufkc kn Ahtu Ufjkw# Uma dkqcdf` a}rwattae fut owfan k~aw uma `ktt kn fna hce

nkw Fcekcatfh uk fumewh nwkj Ahtu Ufjkw# Ifttfcoaw wa`hvae uma jatthoa uk uma QT

Ajghttv fc Lhihwuh# Eatrfua umft ràh nwkj uma fcuawchufkch` dkjjqcfuv, Fcekcatfhc

uwkkrt kddqrfae Ahtu Ufjkw hce oh~a ck hrrahwhcda umhu umav fcuaceae uk àh~a#1?

Gv uma ace kn 86?1, Tqmhwuk eadfeae umhu hc fcearaceacu Ahtu Ufjkw ht ukk

jqdm kn h `fhgf`fuv uk uma Fcekcatfhc Tuhua hce waxqfwae hdufkc# Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat ht

fcfufh``v krrktae uk hc fc~htfkc, gqu qùfjhua`v rwk~ae uk ga wajhwihg`v qceawtuhcefco kn

uma Fcekcatfhc rktfufkc hu uma g`kkev a}racta kn uma Ahtu Ufjkwata rakrà# Hqtuwh`fh

h`tk caoàduae uk jhia hcv tqgtuhcuf~a hdufkc fc nh~kw kn uma Ahtu Ufjkwata, eatrfua umafw

rwk}fjfuv uk Ahtu Ufjkw# Uma dkctaxqacdat kn umft fcefnnawacda kqè a~acuqh``v dktu

gkum uma Qcfuae Tuhuat hce Hqtuwh`fh fc uawjt kn jf``fkct kn uh}rhvaw ek``hwt#

1> Chufkch` Tadqwfuv Dkqcdf`, Fcekcatfhc Qta kn JHR Axqfrjacu fc Ahtu Ufjk, 87 Eadajgaw 86?1#1? QT Tuhua Earhwujacu,Rkuqoqata Ufjk*QC Tadqfuv Dkqcdf` Hekrut Watk`qufkc Qchcfjkqt`v, 74Eadajgaw 86?1Whjkt*Mkwuh,Nqcq, 82>#

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Dmhruaw Umwaa#

Hddkwefco uk Wkgawu Khiàv, Httftuhcu Tadwauhwv nkw Ahtu Htfhc hce Rhdfnfd Hnnhfwt, uma

ace kn uma tqtractfkc ukki r`hda gadhqta uma Tuhua Earhwujacu ht tfjr`v

hdickàeofco uma nhduqh` tfuqhufkc Yfc Ahtu UfjkwZ, hùmkqom uma earhwujacu efe cku

nkwjh``v wadkocf|a uma kddqrhufkc# Umft fcfufh` rqcftmjacu nkw qtfco QT*jhea ahrkct

fc hc knnactf~a hdufkc gv Fcekcatfh ht k~aw, fn fu a~aw a~ac a}ftuae #1=

Ifttfcoaw eadaf~ae Dkcowatt uk rwkuadu mft rk`fdv hce uma warquhufkc kn Fcekcatfh#

Dkcuwhwv uk Khiàvt uatufjkcv, umawa ft a~feacda uk tqooatu umhu umawa ht ck tqtractfkc

kn hwjt uwhctnawt# Hùawchuf~a`v, kc Ifttfcoawt kweawt, mft tuhnn nh`ta`v d`hfjae umhu

ahrkct kweawt mhe tukrrae nkw hwkqce tf} jkcumt# A~feacda nkw uma feah umhu umawa ht

ck tqtractfkc ft tqrrkwuae gv h uaàowhj nwkj Hjghtthekw Eh~fe Catkj tuhufco umhu

umawa ht ck tqtractfkc hce umhu Ifttfcoaw kqè uwv uk h~kfe kca# Hùmkqom,

Hjghtthekw Rhq` Ohwecaw d`hfjt umhu umawa ht h tqtractfkc# Gqu, umawa ft ck ekqgu umhu

uma Qcfuae Tuhuat watqjae tqrr`vfco Fcekcatfh cku ukk `kco hnuaw uma fc~htfkc#

Waohweàtt kn fn umawa hduqh``v ht h uajrkwhwv datthufkc kn hwjt uwhctnawt, uma tadwadv

nwkj fumfc uma Tuhua Earhwujacu tmkt umhu fu ht f``fco uk eadaf~a Dkcowatt#16

Uma QT Dkcowatt wa~faae àoft`hufkc uk eauawjfca fn uma Qcfuae Tuhuat tmkqè

a`fjfchua tadqwfuv httftuhcda uk Fcekcatfh gv hjacefco uma Nkwafoc Jf`fuhwv Thàt Hdu# Fc

uma ~kua, uma Mkqta kn Warwatacuhuf~at waladuae uma gf`` gqu wkua umhu uma rk`fdv kqè

dmhcoa fn umawa ht h tqgtuhcufh` ~fk`hufkc kn hcv howaajacu waà~hcu gauaac uma

Qcfuae Tuhuat hce Fcekcatfh# Eatrfua umft àoft hufkc, tkja fc Dkcowatt tqdm ht War#

1= QT Dkcowatt, Mkqta Tqgdkjjfuuaat kc Fcuawchufkch Kwohcf|hufkct hce kc Htfh hce Rhdfnfd Hnnhfwt knDkjjfuuaa kc Fcuawchufkch` Wa`hufkct,Mqjhc Wfomut fc Ahtu Ufjk hce uma Xqatufkc kn uma Qta kn QTaxqfrjacu gv uma Fcekcatfhc Hjae Nkdat, 61um Dkcowatt, 8tu Tattfkc, -_htmfcoukc< ORK, 86??&, 8*?, 88#16 Gwhe Tfjrtkc, F`àoh``v hce Gahqufnq``v< Uma Qcfuae Tuhuat, uma Fcekcatfhc Fc~htfkc kn Ahtu Ufjkwhce uma Fcuawchufkch` Dkjjqcfuv, 86?5*?>, Dkè _h Mftukv 1, Ck# 4 -Hqoqtu 7221&< 422#

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_k`nn `huaw ga`fa~ae umhu uma Tuhua Earhwujacu efe cku nq``v fcnkwj mfj hgkqu umafw

uajrkwhwv tqtractfkc kn tadqwfuv httftuhcda hce uma a~acut fc uma waofkc# Tadqwfuv

httftuhcda ukhwet Fcekcatfh watqjae, eatrfua fut hoowattfkc ukhwet h jf`fuhwf`v ahi

cafomgkw#>2

Kc Jhwdm 74, 86?? eqwfco h tqgdkjjfuuaa mahwfco, Dkcowatt a}hjfcae

hddqthufkct kn huwkdfufat dhwwfae kqu gv uma Fcekcatfhc jf fuhwv fc Ahtu Ufjkw# War# _k`nn

dfuae atufjhuat umhu d`hfjae ht jhcv ht 822,222 rakrà `ktu umafw `f~at fc uma dkcn`fdu#

Httftuhcu Tadwauhwv Khiàv dkqè cku ~awfnv uma cqjgawt gqu oh~a jqdm `kaw atufjhuat#

Khiàv tuhuae umhu ma wadaf~ae tkja warkwut kn a}dattat gv uma Fcekcatfhc jf`fuhwv, gqu

fum uma a}darufkc kn h na qcfut, uma Fcekcatfhc jf`fuhwv ht cku fcuacufkch``v if``fco

`hwoa taojacut kn uma Ufjkwata rkrq`hufkc# Hddkwefco uk mft atufjhufkc, kc`v 82,222

Ufjkwata efae eqwfco fc~htfkc# Khiàv h`tk tuhuae umhu Fcekcatfh ukki h rhttf~a eanacta

rktuqwa uk mkè uma hwah hwkqce uma rkwu, whumaw umhc hc hduf~a knnactf~a tahwdm*hce*

eatuwkv rktuqwa# Ma h`tk httawuae umhu Nwauf`fc, mfdm ma ga`fa~ae mhe kc`v 8,122 uk 7,222

tkèfawt, dkjjfuuae huwkdfufat gv qtfco kjhc hce dmfèwac ht mqjhc tmfaèt# Khiàv

uatufnfae umhu Fcekcatfh eftdfr`fcae dkjjhceawt mk dkjjfuuae huwkdfufat hce wajk~ae

umaj# Uma Tuhua Earhwujacu d`hfjae Nwauf fc mhe uma tqrrkwu kn 72,222 uk 42,222 rakrà

kn h rkrq`hufkc kn >12,222# Eqcc `huaw wadh`àe umhu Khiàvt uatufjkcv umhu eacfae uma

eahumt kn jhcv Ahtu Ufjkwata awa tqwa`v fat# Khiàvt fcuawrwauhufkc kn uma a~acut fc

Ahtu Ufjkw eajkctuwhuae uma Tuhua Earhwujacut qcf``fcocatt uk hddaru umhu Fcekcatfh

ht hduf~a`v if``fco Ahtu Ufjkwata hce ga`fa~fco Fcekcatfhc tuhuajacut, whumaw umhc

fc~atufohufco uma h`àohufkct kn jhtt t`hqomuaw#>8

>2 QT Dkcowatt,Mqjhc Wfomut fc Ahtu Ufjk, 8*?#>8 QT Dkcowatt,Mqjhc Wfomut fc Ahtu Ufjk, 6*71#

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Uma QT Dkcowatt h`tk wadaf~ae uatufjkcv umhu tqrrkwuae uma h`àohufkc umhu

Fcekcatfh dkjjfuuae featrwahe huwkdfufat umwkqomkqu Ahtu Ufjkw# Lhjat T# Eqcc kn uma

Nkwafoc Hnnhfwt Owkqr @aoft`huf~a Wanawacda Taw~fda nkw uma Hqtuwh`fhc Rhw`fhjacu

uatufnfae hu Dkcowatt hce oh~a h dkjràua`v efnnawacda hch`vtft kn uma tfuqhufkc kc Ahtu

Ufjkw# Eqcc dh`àe uma a~acut umawa uma kwtu eadk`kcf|hufkc rwkdatt tfcda uma ace kn

_kwè _hw FF# Ma oh~a h gwfan mftukwv kn Ahtu Ufjkw uk uma warwatacuhuf~at hce tqrrkwuae

uma d`hfj umhu h whcoa kn 12,222 uk 822,222 Ahtu Ufjkwata mhe efae# Fjrkwuhcu`v, ma

uatufnfae umhu Fcekcatfhc nkwdat dkceqduae dk~awu hdufkct uk eatuhgf`f|a Nwauf`fc, mfdm

tmkae umhu Fcekcatfh mhe r`hccae nkw hc fcuaowhufkc kn Ahtu Ufjkw jkcumt hmahe kn uma

Eadajgaw ?, 86?1 fc~htfkc# Eqcc d`hfjae umhu eatrfua Fcekcatfht hcukc t`hqomuaw,

whra, hce ukwuqwa, uma Fcekcatfhc jf`fuhwv dkcuwk`àe kc`v uacuv rawdacu kn Ahtu Ufjkw#

Eqcct uatufjkcv kn jhtt jqweaw dkcuwhefduae Jw# Khiàvt uatufjkcv kn h wa`huf~a`v

rhttf~a kddqrhufkc#>7

Eqcc h`tk eatdwfgae uma gwquh`fuv kn uma Fcekcatfhc Hwjv# Ma trkia kn mk

tkèfawt tmku rakrà fceftdwfjfchua`v, rhwufdq`hw`v fc uma jkqcuhfctfea gqu h`tk fc uma

qwghc dacuawt# Umawa awa fctuhcdat kn acufwa nhjf`fat gafco jhtthdwae gv Fcekcatfhc

uwkkrt# Fc kca fctuhcda tkèfawt if àe h nhjf`v nkw of~fco h dmfdiac uk Nwauf`fc tkèfawt

hce hckumaw nkw rkttattfco h Nwauf`fc n`ho fc umafw mkqta# Fcekcatfhc uwkkrt huuajruae uk

a}uawjfchua uma Dmfcata rkrq`hufkct fc uma ~f``hoat kn Jhqghwc hce @fxqfdh gv tmkkufco

h`` uma aumcfd Dmfcata umav dkqè nfce# Fc uma ~f``hoat kn Wajf}fk hce Hfàqt, Eqcc

d`hfjae umhu tkèfawt tmku h`` watfeacut hgk~a uma hoa kn umwaa# Ma h`tk d`hfjae umhu

tkèfawt tmku 812 jac fc Tqhf nkw eanacefco umafw kjac# Fc Ef`f, hu kca rkfcu,

>7 Lhjat Eqcc, ajhf`, Jhwdm 78, 72269QT Dkcowatt,Mqjhc Wfomut fc Ahtu Ufjk, 7>*46#

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Fcekcatfhct if`àe 122 jac hce, kc uma nfwtu ehv kn uma huuhdi kc uma dhrfuh`, Fcekcatfhct

if`àe 122 Dmfcata# Jhcv tuhw~ae gadhqta umav dkqè cku rqwdmhta kw kguhfc nkke#

Eqcct watahwdm àe mfj uk h dmqwdm fc Fcekcatfh umhu atufjhuae 822,222 rakrà efae fc

Ahtu Ufjkw# Eqcc rwatacuae h dhta umhu rkwuwhvae uma Fcekcatfhc kddqrhufkc kn Ahtu

Ufjkw ht kca kn uma g`kkefatu fc uma uacufaum dacuqwv#>4

Hnuaw Eqcc fttqae mft rhwu kn uma uatufjkcv, uma warwatacuhuf~at xqatufkcae mfj

hgkqu mft a}rawfacdat hce uma ~h`fefuv kn mft d`hfjt# Hu kca rkfcu eqwfco mft uatufjkcv,

Eqcc trkia kn ahrkcwv umhu Fcekcatfh fjrkwuae nwkj kumaw chufkct hce qtae fc Ahtu

Ufjkw# Umata fcd`qeae h hwtmfr umhu nfwae kc Ahtu Ufjkw kc Kdukgaw 8>, 86?1, trhwa

rhwut, Thgaw hfwdwhnu, hce Ckjhe hfwdwhnu# Kca warwatacuhuf~a dh`àe mft warkwu mahwthv

hce Eqcc wadaf~ae xqatufkct ht uk mk rhfe nkw mft uwfr, rkuacufh``v ht hc huuajru uk

eftdwaefu mfj# Hùmkqom Eqcc uatufnfae umhu ma dhja kc mft kc a}racta, ma h`tk uatufnfae

umhu Dkjjqcfuv Hfe Hgwkhe trkctkwae mft uwfr# War# Okke`fco mah~f`v xqatufkcae

Eqcct warkwu, dh` fco uma huwkdfufat rhtu mftukwv# Uma Fcekcatfhc ok~awcjacu

eatrawhua`v uwfae uk eftdwaefu Eqcc efwadu`v# Jh`fi rwkd`hfjae umhu Eqcc ht gfuuaw nkw

gafco a}ra`àe nwkj Ahtu Ufjkw, gqu Eqcc dkqcuawae umhu uma Fcekcatfhct ca~aw a}ra`àe

mfj hce umhu mft uatufjkcv efe cku warwatacu uma Hqtuwh`fhc ok~awcjacut ~fat# War#

Nwhtaw dkjjacuae umhu Ahtu Ufjkw rkttattae h warwatacuhuf~a httajg`v hce h``kae uma

nkwa

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