Bukowski institutii ue.pdf

8/9/2019 Bukowski institutii ue.pdf

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JeanieBukowski

AssociateProfessor

InstituteofInternationalStudiesBradleyUniversity


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TheEUasahybridsystem

Itisanintergovernmentalorganization(IGO),madeupof27

memberstates.

Italsohassupranationalcharacteristics,includinglegislative andjudicialprocesses.

Theresultisacomplexdecisionmakingsystem,inwhichthereisaconstant

tensionbetweentheprinciplesof

sovereigntyandsupranationality.


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OVERVIEW

OF

MAIN

INSTITUTIONSEuropeanCouncil

(Headsof GovernmentandState)

Setslong

term

agenda;

makesstrategicdecisions;agreestreaties

Intergovernmental

LegislativeProcess

EuropeanCommissionSupranational

CouncilofMinisters(CounciloftheEuropean

Union)

Intergovernmental,with

supranational

aspects

EuropeanParliament

Supranational

JudicialProcess

EuropeanCourtof

JusticeSupranational


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TheEuropeanCouncil Forumforsummitmeetingsofthehighestofficialsofthe

memberstates,i.e.headsofgovernment/state

Wasestablishedin1974;confirmedasaninstitutioninTreaty

of

Lisbon

ChairedsinceTreatyofLisbonbyanappointedpresident

BasedinBrussels,meetsatleast4timesannually

Makesmost

decisions

through

consensus

Responsibilities: Takesstrategicdecisions;dealswithcrises;launchesnew

initiatives,including

every

new

EU

treaty

and

institutional

reform

Setsbroaderagenda

Makes

nominations

to

senior

positions


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OVERVIEW

OF

MAIN

INSTITUTIONSEuropeanCouncil

(Headsof GovernmentandState)

Sets

long

term

agenda;

makesstrategicdecisions;agreestreaties

Intergovernmental

LegislativeProcess

EuropeanCommissionSupranational

CouncilofMinisters(CounciloftheEuropean

Union)

Intergovernmental,with

supranational

aspects

EuropeanParliament

Supranational

JudicialProcess

EuropeanCourtof

JusticeSupranational


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TheEuropeanCommission Consistsof27memberCollegeofCommissioners;oneCommissioner

nominatedbyeachmemberstate,approvedbytheEuropeanCouncilandEP;eachisgivenresponsibilityoverapolicyarea(Portfolio);

supportedby

Directorates

General

LocatedinBrussels;managesanetworkof130+delegationsincountriesoutsidetheEU

HeadedbyaPresidentnominatedbytheEuropeanCounciland

approvedby

the

EP

(Jos Manuel

Barroso)

Powers/functions RightofinitiativeofEUlegislation;promotestheinterestsoftheEUasa

whole

Executes/implementspolicy

DevelopsandmanagesEUbudget

RepresentsEUininternationaltradenegotiations(e.g.WTO)

ManagesEUsdevelopmentassistanceandhumanitarianaid

Overseesmembership

application

process


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TheCouncilofMinisters

(Councilof

the

European

Union)

Consistsofmemberstatecabinetministers,meetingunder10differentconfigurations,dependinguponproposedlegislation

MinistersaidedbypowerfulCommitteeofPermanentRepresentatives

(Coreper) LocatedinBrussels

SinceTreatyofLisbon,ForeignAffairsCouncilischairedbytheHighRepresentativeoftheUnionforForeignAffairsandSecurityPolicy;all

otherconfigurations

are

chaired

by

member

states

on

a6month

rotation

Powers/functions Passeslegislation(withEP),primarilythroughQualifiedMajorityVoting

(QMV);historicallyhasbeenthemorepowerfullegislativebody

Shares

power

with

EP

for

approving

and

adopting

the

EU

budget Coordinatesmemberstateeconomicpolicies

Coordinatesmemberstatejusticeandhomeaffairspolicies

DefinesandimplementsEUCommonForeignandSecurityPolicy

ConcludesinternationalagreementsonbehalfoftheEU


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QualifiedMajorityVoting

inthe

Council

of

Ministers

Aqualifiedmajority(QM)isthenumberofvotesrequiredintheCouncilforadecisiontobeadopted.

TheTreaty

of

Nice

introduced

aqualified

majority

system

based

on

anew

weighting

of

votesandademographicverificationclause.ThenumberofvotesallocatedtoeachMemberStatewasreweighted,inparticularforthosestateswithlargerpopulations.After1January2007andfollowingenlargementoftheUnion,thequalifiedmajorityincreasedto255votesoutofatotalof345,representingamajorityoftheMemberStates.

Moreover,aMember

State

may

request

verification

that

the

QM

represents

at

least

62%

ofthetotalpopulationoftheUnion.Ifthisisnotthecase,thedecisionisnotadopted.

WiththeentryintoforceoftheTreatyofLisbonanewsystemknownasdoublemajoritywasintroduced.Itwillenterintoforceon1November2014.TheNicesystem

shallremain

applicable

during

the

transition

period

up

to

31

October

2014.

In

accordance

withtheTreaty,thenewqualifiedmajoritycorrespondstoatleast55%ofthemembersoftheCouncil,comprisingatleast15ofthemandrepresentingatleast65%oftheEuropeanpopulation.AblockingminoritymaybeformedcomprisingatleastfourmembersoftheCouncil.

Source:Europa,

2012


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The

European

Parliament Consistsof736MembersoftheEuropeanParliament(MEPs),directly

electedbyvotersinthememberstates,whositandworktogetherincrossnationalpartygroups

LocatedinBrusselsandStrasbourg(withanadministrativesecretariatinLuxembourg)

Powers/functions

Passes

legislation

(with

the

Council

of

Ministers);

has

gradually

gained

power

as

morepolicyareasaresubjecttocodecision(ordinarylegislative)procedure

SharespowerwiththeCouncilofMinistersforapprovingandadoptingEUbudget

RighttoconfirmorrejectnomineesforpresidentofEuropeanCommissionandHigh

Representative

for

Foreign

Affairs

and

Security

RighttoapproveorrejectappointmentstotheCollegeofCommissioners,themanagementteamoftheEuropeanCentralBank,andtheCourtofAuditors

MayforceresignationofCollegeofCommissionersthrougha motionof

censure ManagestheofficeofEuropeanOmbudsman

EU Co ecision Or inary Legis ative Proce ure


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EUCo

ecision

Or inary

Legis ative

Proce ure


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European

Court

of

Justice(CourtofJusticeoftheEuropeanUnion) Consistsof27judges,appointedbymemberstates;assistedby8

advocatesgeneral;

assisted

by

lower

27

member

General

Court

and

7memberEUCivilServiceTribunal

LocatedinLuxembourg

ThecourtisthesupremelegalbodyoftheEUandthefinalcourtof

appealon

all

matters

of

EU

law

Procedures: PreliminaryRulings

DirectActions

Importantprinciples:

Directeffect

Supremacy

Mutualrecognition


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OtherInstitutions,Agencies,and

BodiesEuropeanCentralBank

EuropeanCourtofAuditors

EuropeanEconomicandSocialCommittee

Committeeof

the

Regions

EuropeanInvestmentBank

EuropeanPoliceOffice(Europol)

ExecutiveAgencyforHealthandConsumers

Eurocorps


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JeanieBukowski

[email protected]

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