ABB I house

8/18/2019 ABB I house

1/30

© ABB

29 May 2014 | Slide 1

ABB solar invertersConnecting large scale solar to theSouth African grid

Herman Fourie, Power Conversion, ABB Tech Days, Cape Town, South Africa, May 2014


2/30

Photovoltaic Power Systems

Solar cells produce direct current (DC) power which fluctuates with the

sunlight's intensity. For practical use this usually requires conversion tocertain desired voltages or alternating current (AC),

Through the use of inverters. Multiple solar cells are connected inside

modules. Modules are wired together to form arrays, then tied to an

inverter, which produces power at the desired voltage, and for AC, the

desired frequency/phase.

Many residential systems are connected to the grid wherever available,especially in developed countries with large markets.

In these grid-connected PV systems, use of energy storage is optional. In

certain applications such as satellites, lighthouses, or in developing

countries, batteries or additional power generators are often added as back-

ups

Such stand-alone power systems permit operations at night and at other

times of limited sunlight.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_power_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-alone_power_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-alone_power_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-alone_power_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-alone_power_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_power_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_power_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_power_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell


3/30

ABB solar inverters – product portfolio Solar inverter offering

Power plants

Commercial

and industrial

Small

commercial

and residential

P V

a p p l i c a t i o n

Unit size (kW) 1 10 100 2000

Remote monitoring portal

Monitoring systems (string monitoring etc.)

Solar inverter PC tools(sizing and product selection)

Solar inverter services


4/30

© ABB

29 May 2014 | Slide 4

Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridLarge scale – what does that mean?


5/30

© ABB

29 May 2014 | Slide 5

Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridWhat is large scale?

Many small systems close to consumption point Medium sized systems at the consumption point

Large systems far away from consumption

Which one of these or combination of all?

- whose busines?

- whose problem? Or is there any problem?


6/30

Challenges and opportunitiesPV electricity cost – comes down to bankability


7/30

© ABB

29 May 2014 | Slide 7

Connecting large scale solar to the South African grid PVS800 central inverter - highlights


8/30

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 8

ABB central inverter, PVS800 1000 kW product example

DC input section (customer specific) 8 busbar inputs fuses

Overvoltage protection

Fuses

EMC filter

DC grounding (optional)

Inverter section Inverter modules 3 pcs

Output filter module (LCL) 3 pcs

AC output section Contactor

EMC filter

Disconnector Fuses

Output connections

Auxiliary controls section

AC output DC input


9/30

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 9

ABB central inverter, PVS800 R8i Inverter Modules – most widely used platform

Since 2003, ABB has delivered over

200.000 pieces R8i inverter modules

which are used in ABB

Frequency converters (ACS800)

Wind turbine converters (ACS800)

Solar inverters (PVS800)

R8i is the most widely used inverter

module in the world and is backed up with

ABB continuous development and life

cycle service network

ABB central inverter platform is based

on this world leader power converting

platform delivered so far over 100 GW

globally


10/30

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 10

ABB central inverter, PVS800 Modular and compact design

Inverters are made from a portfolio of

HW and SW building blocks

DC-AC inverter modules

L-C-L output filter modules

Standard size cabinets and othermechanical hardware

Standard control electronics and control

SW

Any power rating can be produced by

scaling the “length” of the cabinet

Easiness of maintenance – reduced

dowtime

Reduced harmonics (L-C-L)

AC Plug type

Connection

DC busbar

Connection

DC Bus

Capacitors

Cooling Fan


11/30

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 11

ABB central inverter, PVS800 Easiness of maintenance


12/30

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 12

ABB central inverter, PVS800 Extensive electrical protection included – all in one

All-in-one concept

DC side:

type 2 surge protection

dc fuses

dc-contactor (always open when not modulating)

EMC filter

dc-switch - manually operated

AC side:

varistor surge protection as standard

type 1 surge protection as an option

fuses

contactor (always open when not modulating)

ac-switch - manually operated

Integrated protection and separation. Always when

not modulating, double galvanic separation between

dc and ac. Triple operational separation (ac contactor

- IGBT - dc contactor)


13/30

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 13

ABB central inverter, PVS800Inverter basic offering


14/30

Scope and application:

1,75 and 2 MW inverter solution for

multi-megawatt power plants

Compact all ABB solution with

rapid deliveries and connectivity to

various MV components

Product highlights:

Compact and robust design - costeffective transportability

Protected working interior - serviceableand maintainable product

Standardized proven design -maximized uptime

Easy connection to a MV station - costeffectiveness

Extendable manufacturing footprint -rapid deliveries with local content

Embedded auxiliary power

distribution - flexibility to add devices costefficiently

Integrated double stage air pre-

filtering - improved reliability androbustness

ABB inverter station, PVS800-IS Highlights

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 14

3AXD10000293113


15/30

ABB inverter station, PVS800-IS Overview

All-in-one solution in 1,75 and 2 MW sizes:

Corrosion protected standard 20 foot HC sea

container based structure

Air cooled flow through system with thermally

insulated envelope

2 x PVS800 central inverters, 875 or 1000 kW

6 x R8i power and LCL filter module pairs –

modularity, reliability and serviceability

Local power supply AC panel included with

container interior wiring

Walk-in service friendly container interior with

adequate space for additional accessories Floor structure optimized for easiness of cabling

Integrated double stage air pre-filtering

Transportation and lifting with normal truck crane

Design optimised for sea transport

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 15

3AXD10000293113


16/30

ABB inverter station, PVS800-ISDesign

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 16

3AXD10000293113


17/30

Fast on site added

weather protection hoods

Standard 20’ HC form

factor suitable for standard

trailer

Easy cabling

Air intakes double stage G4 filtering system

F7 as an option for heavy-duty usage

C4 class surface coating

C5 as an option for near

coastal usageSand removal doors

Animal protection

ABB inverter station, PVS800-ISLayout

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 17

3AXD10000293113

Auxiliary power supply system to support both MV and IS stations

• Over voltage / current protetions

• 3~ 6A feeding terminal to MV substation

• 6kVA embedded transformer as an option

• Embedded MV substation alarm/trip load control


18/30

Safety exit door

800 x1000 ( w x h) free space

reservation for post

installations (e.g. monitoring).

600 x 1300 (w x h) free space

for additional post installations

(e.g. for UPS)

Power supply and earthingpoints ready installed.

Proper working

interior

Cabling tunnel for

post assembled cables

ABB inverter station, PVS800-ISLayout

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 18

3AXD10000293113

Optional air cooler for

extreme hot temperatures

(project specific option)

2 x PVS800 central

inverters


19/30

© ABB

29 May 2014 | Slide 19

Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridInverter features – grid support


20/30

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 20

Inverter features – grid support Grid supervision

PVS800 SW has the grid

supervision function

included. No external

relay needed.

Two stage voltage and

frequency limits with

separate time delay.

>>U, f,


21/30

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 21

Inverter features – grid support Anti-islanding

Conventionally solar inverters must stopoperation in case of grid malfunction. This

is secured by grid monitoring with

Allowed grid voltage and frequencywindows with certain time limits

In case of weak grid the standard rangesmight have to be widened

Anti-islanding (mixture of active+passive):

passive methods:

Voltage phase deviation detection

3rd harmonics voltage detection

Frequency rate of change detection

active methods:

Frequency shift

Active Current detection

Reactive current detection

Load deviations


22/30

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 22

Inverter features – grid support Grid support functions

New regulations are required graduallydue to high penetration of renewable

energy in the distribution networks.

Inverters must be able to support voltage

and frequency to sustain network stability.

The new functionalities supporting this

include among other ones the following:

LV ride through – supports networkduring a disturbance

LV ride through with current feeding –

dynamically supports network during a

disturbance Reactive power control – supports

network voltage

Active power control – supports network

frequency control


23/30

Inverter features – grid support Grid support functions - LV ride through

LV ride through – supports network during a

disturbance:

Inverter does not trip

even under serious

grid faults Requires a robust and

dynamic controller to deal

with transients and voltage

distortion

Back-up power for theinverter control circuits

against loss of control

power supply but also

against transients

Borderlines of voltage profile at network connection

point (allowed lower limits).

Below the blue line invertersdo not have to stay connected

Note: U means the lowest of the three line-to-line voltages

Limit 1: Above Limit 1 no instability allowed nor disconnection

May 29, 2014

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 23


24/30

Inverter features – grid support Grid support functions - LVRT with current feeding

LV ride through with current feeding

– dynamically supports network

during a disturbance

Full reactive current is fed in couple

of milliseconds after voltage dip tosupport network voltage

Requires a robust and dynamic

controller to deal with transients

and voltage distortions

Back-up power for the inverter

control circuits against loss of

control power supply but also

against transients

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 24


25/30

Inverter features – grid support Grid support functions - Reactive power control

Reactive power control - supports networkvoltage (capacitive or inductive reactive power)

Reduces grid infrastructure (i.e. capacitor

banks)

Maximum reactive power limited to 80%, short

term maximum is 100%

For reactive power provision will be specified

either

a fixed target value or

a target value variably adjustable by remoteutility control

adjustable as %, kVAr, phi or Cosphi

Control can be done during operation by utility

command or automatically with voltage

measurement within adjustable range and

functions (rate of change, etc)© ABB GroupMay 29, 2014 | Slide 25


26/30

Inverter features – grid supportGrid support functions - Active power control

Active power control - prevent domino

effect of PV plants shutting down during

high voltage or high frequency scenarios

or in case of grid unstability

E.g. The plant must be able to reduce

the active power at steps of 10% of

nominal connection power to target

preset values (e.g. 100%, 60%, 30%

and 0%).

Utility is responsible for control

signalling

Automatic possible also with

parameterized characteristic curve

Active power control levels as

function of frequency

© ABB Group

May 29, 2014 | Slide 26


28/30

World-class solar inverter technologyGlobal coverage – totally appr. 1500 MW sold

Mexico, 1,2 MW

Industrial building

Argentina, 26 kWCommercial building

South Africa, 31 MWp

Power plant

Taiwan, 475 kWpCommercial building

Japan, 2 MWPower plant

China, 10 MW

Power plant

Bulgaria, 50,6 MWpPower plant

UK, 4.99 MWpPower plant

Italy, 3 MWp

Power plant

Germany, 19,5 MWp

Power plant

India, 17 MWPower plant

Romania, 7,5 MWp

Power plant

Finland, 181 kWp

Industrial building

Greece, 5,9 MWpPower plant

Australia, 266 kWpCommercial building

Thailand, 5 MWpCommercial PV system

© ABB

29 May 2014 | Slide 28


29/30

© ABB

29 May 2014 | Slide 29

ABB Solar invertersSummary

Grid parity is close share of solar power increases

Solar modules are becoming commodity price pressure on Balance of

System Components

Higher share of intermittent power and especially smaller systems

inverters need to become smart and part of the power production network

ABB has complete offering for PV systems supported by local presence,

experience and service ABB is your solar partner


30/30

ABB I house

Documents

Transcript of ABB I house