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Regd.No.Dha-476 Sachitra Bangladesh Vol. 39, No. 09, March 2019, Tk. 25.00

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17

Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv ̀ ye©j gyn~‡Z©I AvZ¥¯^v_© Øviv cwiPvwjZ nbwb GB wb‡j©vf gvbylwU| mij mv`vgvUv Rxeb wQj Zuvi f‚lY Avi D`vi ü`q wQj Zuvi †kÖô Hk¦h©| gvby‡li fv‡jvevmv Zuv‡K Av¯’v Avi wek¦v‡mi myD”P P‚ovq AwawôZ K‡iwQj| mgMÖ evsjv‡`kB wQj †hb GB Rbìw` gnvb †bZvi eyK| †hLv‡b mwÂZ wQj Avcvgi gvby‡li Rb¨ wbwð`ª wbivcËv Avi fv‡jvevmvi DòZv| wKš‘ wKQz D”PvKv•¶x cÖwZwµqvkxj ¶gZv‡jvfx Agvby‡li lohš¿ GB gnvb †bZv‡K c„w_ex †_‡K wbwðý K‡i †`q| whwb wbR Rxe‡bi myL-myweav wemR©b w`‡q, cvwievwiK Rxe‡bi Av¯^v` †_‡K wb‡R‡K ewÂZ †i‡L, †`‡ki gvbyl‡K w`‡qwQ‡jb ¯^vaxbZv, w`‡q‡Qb Avcb wVKvbv, A_P cuPvË‡ii c‡b‡ivB AvM÷ †mB gvbylwU‡KB ¯¿x, cyÎ-cwiRbmn wbR M„‡n b„ksmfv‡e wbnZ n‡Z n‡jv| Z‡e KwZcq ¯^v_©v‡š^lx, KzPµx, lohš¿x gvbyl bv‡gi Agvbyl Qvov evsjvi gvby‡li ü`‡q †Zv e½eÜzi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q wPi¯’vqx Avmb! Zuvi †Zv g„Zz¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| RvMwZK gi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q wZwb Ôg„Zz¨nxb cÖvYÕB `vb K‡i †M‡Qb| RM‡Z wKQz wKQz AmvaviY gwngvwš^Z gvby‡li ïay Rb¥w`bB _v‡K| g„Zz¨w`b _v‡K bv| KviY Zuviv Agi| e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvbI †mB Agi‡Z¡i eicyÎ| 17B gvP© GB †`kRbbx †c‡qwQj GK Abb¨mvaviY mšÍvb, †h Zuvi Rxeb‡K DrmM© K‡iwQj gvZ…f‚wgi gh©v`v i¶vi Rb¨, †h wb‡Ri ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ R¡vwj‡q NywP‡qwQj RvwZi Rxe‡bi AÜKvi|1966 †_‡K 1969 mvj ch©šÍ KvivMv‡i ew›` _vKvKv‡j iwPZ ÔAmgvß AvZ¥RxebxÕ†Z e½eÜz Bs‡iwR‡Z wj‡LwQ‡jb, ÔGKRb gvbyl wn‡m‡e mgMÖ gvbeRvwZ wb‡qB Avwg fvwe| GKRb evOvwj wn‡m‡e, hv wKQzB evOvwj‡ì mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z, ZvB Avgv‡K Mfxifv‡e fvevq| GB wbišÍi m¤ú„w³i Drm fv‡jvevmv| A¶q fv‡jvevmv| †h fv‡jvevmv Avgvi ivRbxwZ I Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K A_©en K‡i †Zv‡jÕ| †`k I †`‡ki RbM‡Yi mv‡_ Avcb mËv‡K wgwj‡q †`Lvi GB Mfxi Abyf‚wZi ga¨ w`‡qB e½eÜzi Abb¨mvaviY †bZ…Z¡ Avi gnvb Pwi‡Îi cwiPq cvIqv hvq|e½eÜzi Rb¥w`b, 17B gvP© ZvwiLwU GLb RvZxq wkïwèm| wkï‡K ejv nq ÔAvMvgx w`‡bi bvMwiKÕ| evsjv‡`k‡K fwel¨‡Z hviv mg„× K‡i M‡o Zzj‡e Zuv‡ì wb‡R‡ì mv_©K gvbyl n‡q M‡o DV‡Z n‡e| Zvi Rb¨ wkï‡ì mvg‡b _vKv PvB Ggb Av`k©, hvi ga¨ w`‡q we”QzwiZ n‡e mZZv, b¨vqcivqYZv, gvbweKZv, civ_©ciZv, mvnm Avi †`k‡cÖ‡gi Av‡jv| e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb fwel¨‡Zi RvwZ MV‡bi Rb¨ †mB Av`k©, †mB †kªô fveg~wZ© hv wkï‡ì‡K †kÖô bvMwiK iƒ‡c M‡o IVvi †cÖiYv †RvMv‡e|1996 mv‡j cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv e½eÜzi Rb¥w`bwU‡K RvZxq wkïwèm wn‡m‡e miKvwifv‡e cvj‡bi Rb¨ wm×všÍ †bb| wZwb ey‡S‡Qb, wkïiv GB w`bwU‡K †K›`ª K‡i Av‡qvwRZ Abyôvb I Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g Rvb‡Z cvi‡e Ggb GKRb gvby‡li K_v whwb ïay GKRb †`k‡bZv wn‡m‡eB e‡ov wQ‡jb bv, wQ‡jb gvbyl wn‡m‡e AmvaviY| gvby‡li cÖwZ ggZv, AvZ© wbcxwo‡Zi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv, †`‡ki cÖwZ wbt¯^v_© †cÖ‡g Zuvi g‡Zv gnr I D`vi gvbyl Lye †ewk Rb¥ †bq bv|e½eÜz wkï‡ìI Lye fv‡jvevm‡Zb| wkïiv Zuvi Kv‡Q wQj cweÎZvi cÖZxK| wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì mvnPh© Zuvi gb‡K cÖkvwšÍ‡Z fwi‡q ZzjZ| nvRv‡iv e¨¯ÍZvi g‡aÏ wZwb wkï‡ì Rb¨ Av‡qvwRZ bvbv Abyôv‡b †hvM w`‡q‡Qb, Zv‡ì DbœwZi

K_v †f‡e‡Qb, wkïi wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨ I gvbwmK weKv‡ki Rb¨ bvbviKg Kvh©Ki eë¯’v wb‡q‡Qb| wZwb ej‡Zb, AvR‡Ki wkïivB AvMvgxw`‡bi RvwZi †bZ…Z¡ †`‡e| wkïi my¯’, my›ì Rxe‡bi wbðqZv bv w`‡j cÖKvivšÍ‡i RvwZB `ye©j n‡q co‡e| ZvB wkï‡ì wk¶v`x¶v, Áv‡b-¸‡Y mg„× I m„Rbkxj gvbyl wn‡m‡e M‡o IVvi Rb¨ e½eÜzi fvebv wQj|†gavex I m¤¢vebvgq wkï‡ì †gav I cÖwZfvi weKv‡k Zuvi †hgb Drmvn wQj †Zgwb `y¯’-`wi`ª, myweavewÂZ wkï-wK‡kv‡ii RbÏ Zuvi wQj AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmv| GB fv‡jvevmv †Kv‡bv Zvr¶wYK Av‡eMmÄvZ bq, wkïiv hv‡Z Zv‡ì AwaKvi wb‡q mgv‡R †e‡o DV‡Z cv‡i, Zvi Rb¨ e½eÜzi AvšÍwiK †Póv wQj| 1974 mv‡ji 22†k Ryb wZwb RvZxq wkï AvBb Rvwi K‡ib| G AvB‡b wkï‡ì bvg I RvZxqZvi AwaKv‡ii ¯^xK…wZ †Ìqv nq| wkïi cÖwZ Ae‡njv, †kvlY-eÂbv, wbôziZv-wbh©vZb-wbcxob A_ev wkï‡K wec`msKzj, AmvgvwRK Kv‡R eënvi KivÑ Gme †_‡K wkïRxe‡bi wbivcËvi AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv nq GB AvB‡b|¯^vaxbZvi ci weaŸ¯Í, wech©¯Í †`k MVbKvjxb D™¢‚Z bvbvwea AbvKvw•¶Z wek„•Lj cwiw¯’wZi †gvKvwejv Kivi cvkvcvwk e½eÜz wkï‡ì fwel¨r wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ KvR ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb| mv‡o wZb eQ‡ii gv_vq cÖwZwµqvkxj kw³i nv‡Z wbnZ bv n‡j wZwb wbðqB evsjv‡`‡ki wkï‡ì mvwe©K weKvk I myweavewÂZ wkï‡ì Rxebgvb Dbœq‡b Av‡iv A‡bK eë¯’v wb‡Z cvi‡Zb| Zv n‡j nqZ eZ©gv‡bi Aw¯’i mg‡qi †cÖ¶vc‡U Avgiv wkïmš¿vmx, wkïRw½ kã¸‡jvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ nZvg bv| mgv‡R GK‡kÖwYi gvby‡li g‡a¨ wbôzifv‡e wkïwbh©vZb I wkïnZ¨vi Amy¯’ gvbwmKZvi D™¢e NUZ bv| e½eÜzi AvRxeb ¯^cœ wQj my¯’-my›ì êlg¨gy³ mgvR MVb|wkï‡ì †hvM¨ gvbyl n‡q M‡o DVevi Rb¨ mgv‡R †h wkïevÜe cwi‡ek cÖ‡qvRb Zvi Rb¨ e½eÜzi mve©¶wYK wPšÍv wQj| 1972 mv‡j KwPKuvPvi †gjvi wkïiv Zv‡ì AuvKv Qwe wb‡q MYfe‡b wM‡qwQj| e½eÜz ivwkqv md‡i hvIqvi mgq †m †`‡ki wkï‡ì Rb¨ ï‡f”Qv Dcnvi wn‡m‡e Avgv‡ì †`‡ki wkï‡ì AuvKv GB Qwe¸‡jv wb‡q hv‡eb e‡j wVK K‡iwQ‡jb| gy» we¯§‡q wZwb wkï‡ì wkíKg© †`‡L e‡jwQ‡jb, Avgv‡ì †`‡ki wkïiv Ggb wbLyuZ my›ì Qwe AuvK‡Z cv‡i! ïay wb‡Ri †`‡ki bq, we‡k¦i mKj wkïi Rb¨ Zuvi GB g‡bv‡hvM Avi fv‡jvevmv wQj|†`k I RbM‡Yi DbœwZ, AMÖMwZi Rb¨ †h-†Kv‡bv ai‡bi Av‡qvRb, eë¯’v ev Kg©m~wP miKvi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ cwiewZ©Z nIqv KL‡bvB evÃbxq bq| ZvQvov, e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi mv‡_ Ab¨ Kv‡iv ev †Kv‡bv wKQzi Zzjbv P‡j bv| wZwb ¯^vaxb evsjvi ¯’cwZ, RvwZi wcZv| Zuvi Rxeb I PwiÎ ïay G‡`‡ki bq, mvivwe‡k¦i wkï‡ì Rb¨ gnvb Av`k© wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡Z cv‡i| †kL gywReyi ingvb Av`k© gvb‡ei cÖwZg~wZ©| gaygwZ cv‡oi †h †LvKv gv, gvZ…fvlv, gvwU I gvby‡li Rb¨ eyKfiv fv‡jvevmv wb‡q AvRxeb msMÖvg K‡i GKw`b e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb n‡q DV‡jb, AvR 17B gvP© †mB gvbylwUi R‡b¥i gv‡n›`ª¶YwU‡K Avgiv Avgv‡ì †LvKv-LyKzi mvg‡b Rxeb MV‡bi DËg Av`k© wn‡m‡e ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvwi, hv‡Z Zviv fwel¨‡Z gvby‡li g‡Zv gvbyl n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i|

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K¨vc‡Ub gwnDÏxb Rvnv½xi 1949 mv‡j ewikv‡ji eveyMÄ _vbvi iwngMÄ MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| 1964 mv‡j wZwb g¨vwUªKz‡jkb cvm K‡ib Ges 1966 †Z AvBGmwm cvm K‡ib| 1967 mv‡j gwnDÏxb Rvnv½xi XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡q Aa¨qbiZ Ae¯’vqB cvwK¯Ívb mvgwiK GKv‡Wwg‡Z K¨v‡WU wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1968 mv‡ji Ry‡b wZwb BwÄwbqvm© †Kv‡i Kwgkb jvf K‡ib|1971-G ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i mgq wZwb cvwK¯Ív‡b 173 b¤î BwÄwbqvi e¨v‡Uwjqv‡b KZ©eïZ wQ‡jb| †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ wZwb cvwK¯Ív‡bi `yM©g GjvKv AwZµg K‡i Qz‡U Av‡mb| 3iv RyjvB cvwK¯Ív‡b AvU‡K cov Av‡iv wZbRb Awdmvimn wZwb cvwj‡q cwðge‡½i gvj`n †Rjvi †g‡n`xcy‡i gyw³evwnbxi 7 bs †m±‡i mve †m±i KgvÛvi wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b| wewfbœ iYv½‡b AmvaviY K…wZZ¡ †`Lv‡bvi Kvi‡Y Zuv‡K ivRkvnxi PuvcvBbeveMÄ `L‡ji `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv nq| 10B wW‡m¤î K¨vc‡Ub Rvnv½xi, †jd‡Ub¨v›U KvBqyg, †jd‡Ub¨v›U AvDqvj I 50 R‡bi g‡Zv gyw³‡hv×v PuvcvBbeveM‡Äi cwð‡g eviNwiqv GjvKvq Ae¯’vb MÖnY K‡ib| 14B wW‡m¤î †fv‡i gvÎ 20 Rb gyw³‡hv×v wb‡q eviNwiqv GjvKv †_‡K 3/4wU †`wk †bŠKvq K‡i †invBPi GjvKv †_‡K gnvb›`v b`x AwZµg K‡ib| b`x AwZµg Kivi ci DËi w`K †_‡K GKwU GKwU K‡i cÖ‡Z¨KwU kÎæ Ae¯’v‡bi `Lj wb‡q `wÿ‡Y G‡Mv‡Z _v‡Kb| Gfv‡e G¸‡Z _vKvi mgq Rq hLb cÖvq mywbwðZ ZLb nVvr euv‡ai Dci †_‡K B÷ cvwK¯Ívb wmwfj Avg©W †dv‡m©i 8/10 Rb ˆmwbK †`Š‡o Pi GjvKvq G‡m †hvM †`q|

GiciB ïiæ nq cvwK¯Ívb evwnbxi Aweivg ¸wjel©Y| K¨vc‡Ub Rvnv½xi Rxe‡bi c‡ivqv bv K‡i mvg‡b GwM‡q hvb| Gmgq kÎæi GKwU ¸wj G‡m we× nq Zuvi Kcv‡j| kwn` nb wZwb|gyw³hy‡× Amvgvb¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki m‡e©v”P mvgwiK c`K Ôexi‡kÖôÕ c`K †Ìqv nq Zuv‡K| Zuvi bvgvbymv‡i Zuvi BDwbq‡bi bvg cwieZ©b K‡i gwnDÏxb Rvnv½xi BDwbqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q exi‡kÖô gwnDÏxb Rvnv½xi ¯§„wZ Rv`yNi I MÖš’vMvi|exi‡kÖô d¬vBU †jd‡Ub¨v›U gwZDi ingvb

gwZDi ingvb 1941 mv‡ji 29†k A‡±vei cyivb XvKvi 109 AvMv mv‡`K †iv‡Wi ˆcZ…K evwo‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| 9 fvB 2 †ev‡bi g‡a¨ gwZDi 6ô| XvKv K‡jwR‡qU ¯‹zj †_‡K lô †kÖwY

cvm Kivi ci mvi‡Mv`vq cvwK¯Ívb wegvbevwnbx cvewjK ¯‹z‡j fwZ© nb| wWw÷sKkbmn †gwUªK cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M DËxY© nb| 1961 mv‡j wegvbevwnbx‡Z †hvM †`b| 1963 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m wimvjcyi wc.G.Gm K‡jR †_‡K Kwgkb jvf K‡ib Ges †Rbv‡ij wWDwU cvBjU wn‡m‡e wbhy³ nb| Gici KivwPi †gŠixcy‡i †RU Kbfvm©b †Kvm© mgvß K‡i †c‡kvqv‡i wM‡q †RUcvBjU nb| 1965 †Z fviZ-cvwK¯Ívb hy‡×i mgq d¬vBs Awdmvi wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| Gici wgM Kbfvm©b †Kv‡m©i Rb¨ cybivq mvi‡Mv`vq hvb| †mLv‡b 1967 mv‡ji 21†k RyjvB GKwU wgM-19 wegvb Pvjv‡bvi mgq Zv nVvr AvKv‡k weKj n‡q †M‡j `ÿZvi mv‡_ c¨vivmyU †hv‡M gvwU‡Z AeZiY K‡ib| 1967 mv‡j wZwb d¬vBU †jd‡Ub¨v›U c‡` c‡`vbœwZ jvf K‡ib| wimvjcy‡i `yeQi d¬vBs BÝUªv±i wn‡m‡e KvR Kivi ci 1970 mv‡j wZwb †RU d¬vBs BÝUªv±i nb| 1971 mv‡ji ïiæ‡Z gwZDi mcwievi `yB gv‡mi QzwU‡Z XvKv Av‡mb| 25 gv‡P©i Kvjiv‡Z gwZDi wQ‡jb ivqcy‡ii ivgbMi MÖv‡g| cvwK¯Ívb wegvbevwnbxi GKRb d¬vBU †jd‡Ub¨v›U n‡qI Amxg SzuwK I mvnwmKZvi mv‡_ ˆfi‡e GKwU †Uªwbs K¨v¤ú †Lv‡jb Ges hy× Ki‡Z Avmv evOvwj hyeK‡ì cÖwkÿY †`b|

gyw³‡hv×v‡ì wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡K msMÖn Kiv A¯¿ w`‡q M‡o †Zv‡jb GKwU cÖwZ‡iva evwnbx| 1971 mv‡ji 14B GwcÖj cvwK¯Ívwb wegvbevwnbx Ô†mfi †RWÕ wegvb †_‡K Zv‡ì NuvwU‡Z †evgvel©Y K‡i| gwZDi ingvb c~‡e©B GwU Avk¼v K‡iwQ‡jb Ges NuvwU cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y ÿqÿwZ †_‡K iÿv cvq Zuvi evwnbx|Gici 23†k GwcÖj wZwb cybivq XvKv Av‡mb I 9B †g mcwievi KivwP wd‡i hvb| Õ71 mv‡ji 20†k AvM÷ d¬vBU wmwWDj Abyhvqx Zuvi QvÎ iwk` wgbnv‡Ri DÇq‡bi w`b wQj| gwZDi c~e© cwiKíbv g‡Zv Awd‡m G‡m wmwWDj UvB‡g Mvwo wb‡q P‡j hvb ivbI‡qi c~e© cv‡k| iwk` wgbnvR wegv‡bi mvg‡bi wm‡U e‡m ÷vU© w`‡q GwM‡q wb‡q Avm‡ZB Zuv‡K AÁvb K‡i †d‡j wegv‡bi †cQ‡bi wm‡U jvwd‡q D‡V em‡jb| wKš‘ Ávb nvivevi Av‡M wgbnvR e‡j †`b, wZwbmn wegvbwU nvBR¨vK n‡q‡Q| wegv‡bi wbqš¿Y wb‡q gwZDi wegvb wb‡q Qz‡U Pj‡jb gyw³hy‡× †hvM`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k| Ab¨ PviwU Rw½ wegvb gwZD‡ii wegvb‡K avIqv K‡i| G mgq iwk‡ì mv‡_ gwZD‡ii a¯Ívaw¯Í Pj‡Z _v‡K Ges GK ch©v‡q iwk` B‡R± myBP Pvc‡j gwZDi wegvb †_‡K wQU‡K c‡ob| wegvb DÇq‡bi D”PZv Kg _vKvq iwk`mn wegvbwU fviZxq mxgv‡šÍi gvÎ 35 gvBj ̀ ~‡i _vÆv GjvKvq weaŸ¯Í nq| c¨vivmyU bv _vKv‡Z gwZDi wbnZ nb| NUbv¯’j †_‡K cÖvq Avav gvBj `~‡i Zuvi g„Z‡`n cvIqv hvq| gwZDi‡K KivwPi gvmiæi †e‡mi PZz_© †kÖwYi Kei¯’v‡b mgvwnZ Kiv nq|2006 mv‡ji 23†k Ryb gwZDi ingv‡bi †`nve‡kl cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k wdwi‡q G‡b c~Y© gh©v`vq 25†k Ryb kwn` eyw×Rxex †Mvi¯’v‡b cybivq `vdb Kiv nq|exi‡kÖô wmcvwn †gvnv¤§` nvwg`yi ingvb

†gvnv¤§` nvwg`yi ingv‡bi Rb¥ 1953 mv‡ji 2iv †deªæqvwi Z`vbxšÍb h‡kvi †Rjvi (eZ©gv‡b wSbvB`n †Rjv) g‡nkcyi Dc‡Rjvi †Lvi`v Lvwjkcyi MÖv‡g| ˆkk‡e wZwb Lvwjkcyi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Ges cieZ©x‡Z ¯’vbxq bvBU ¯‹z‡j mvgvb¨ †jLvcov K‡ib|1970 mv‡j nvwg`yi †hvM †`b †mbvevwnbx‡Z wmcvwn c‡`| Zuvi cÖ_g I †kl BDwbU wQj B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g›U| †mbvevwnbx‡Z †hvM`v‡bi ci cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ Zuv‡K cvVv‡bv nq PÆMÖv‡gi B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g›U †m›Uv‡i|Õ71 mv‡ji 25†k gvP© cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbxi Avµg‡Yi gy‡L PvKwi¯’j †_‡K wbR MÖv‡g P‡j Av‡mb| GKw`b evwo‡Z †_‡K ciw`bB gyw³hy‡× †hvM †Ìqvi Rb¨ P‡j hvb wm‡jU †Rjvi kÖxg½j _vbvi ajB Pv evMv‡bi c~e© cÖv‡šÍ Aew¯’Z ajB eW©vi AvDU‡cv‡÷| wZwb 4bs †m±‡i hy× K‡ib| Õ71 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m nvwg`yi ingvb 1g B÷ †e½‡ji wm †Kv¤úvwbi ajB mxgv‡šÍi duvwo `Lj Kivi Awfhv‡b Ask †bb| †fvi PviUvq gyw³evwnbxi jÿ¨¯’‡ji Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q Ae¯’vb †bb| mvg‡b `yB cøvUzb I †cQ‡b GK cøvUzb ˆmb¨ wb‡q AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K kÎæ Awfgy‡L| kÎæ Ae¯’v‡bi KvQvKvwQ G‡j GKwU gvBb we‡ùvwiZ nq| gyw³evwnbx mxgvšÍ duvwoi KvQvKvwQ †cuŠ‡Q †M‡jI duvwoi `wÿY-cwðg cÖvšÍ †_‡K cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbxi †gwkbMv‡bi ¸wjel©‡Yi Rb¨ Avi AMÖmi n‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| 28†k A‡±vei 1g B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g›U I cvwK¯Ívb evwnbxi 30-G d«w›Uqvi †iwR‡g‡›Ui g‡a¨ Zzgyj msNl© euv‡a|

B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui 125 Rb gyw³‡hv×v G hy‡× Ask †bq| gyw³evwnbx cvwK¯Ívb evwnbxi †gwkbMvb †cv‡÷ †MÖ‡bW nvgjvi wm×všÍ †bq| †MÖ‡bW †Qvovi `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv nq nvwg`yi ingvb‡K| wZwb cvnvwo Lv‡ji ga¨ w`‡q ey‡K †nu‡U †MÖ‡bW wb‡q AvµgY ïiæ K‡ib| `ywU †MÖ‡bW mdjfv‡e †gwkbMvb †cv‡÷ AvNvZ nv‡b, wKš‘ Zvi ci ciB nvwg`yi ingvb ̧ wjwe× nb| †m Ae¯’v‡ZB †gwkbMvb †cv‡÷ wM‡q †mLvbKvi `yBRb cvK ˆm‡bï mv‡_ nvZvnvwZ hy× ïiæ K‡ib| Gfv‡e Avµg‡Yi gva¨‡g nvwg`yi ingvb GK mgq †gwkbMvb †cv÷‡K AKvh©Ki K‡i w`‡Z mÿg nb| GB my‡hv‡M B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui gyw³‡hv×viv wecyj D`¨‡g GwM‡q hvb Ges cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx‡K civ¯Í K‡i mxgvbv duvwowU `Lj Ki‡Z mg_© nb| wKš‘ nvwg`yi ingvb weR‡qi ̄ ^v` Av¯^v`b Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb, duvwo `L‡ji ci gyw³‡hv×viv kwn` nvwg`yi ingv‡bi jvk D×vi K‡ib| mxgv‡šÍi wbKUeZ©x fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv iv‡Rï nvwZ‡gi Qov MÖv‡gi GK cvwievwiK †Mvi¯’v‡b `vdb Kiv nq Zuv‡K| 2007 mv‡ji 10B wW‡m¤î evsjv‡`k miKvi nvwg`yi ingv‡bi †`nve‡kl evsjv‡`‡k Av‡b Ges 11B wW‡m¤î ivóªxq gh©v`vq XvKvi eyw×Rxex Kei¯’v‡b mgvwnZ Kiv nq|gyw³hy‡× exiZ¡c~Y© Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ wmcvwn nvwg`yi ingvb‡K evsjv‡`‡ki m‡e©v”P mvgwiK c`K Ôexi‡kÖôÕ cÖ`vb Kiv nq|exi‡kÖô wmcvwn †gvnv¤§` †gv¯Ídv

†gvnv¤§` †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj 1947 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤î †fvjv †Rjvi †`ŠjZLvb _vbvi cwðg nvRxcyi MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv nvweeyi ingvb †mbvevwnbxi AemicÖvß nvwej`vi wQ‡jb| †gvnv¤§` †gv¯Ídv ˆkke †_‡KB `ytmvnmx wn‡m‡e L¨vZ wQ‡jb| cÖv_wgK †kl K‡i gva¨wg‡K `yB-GK eQi Aa¨qb K‡iwQ‡jb|1967 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤î evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q wM‡q †mbvevwnbx‡Z PvKwi †bb| wZwb wQ‡jb PZz_© B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui ˆmwbK| ¯^vaxbZv hy× ïiæ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ PZz_© B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g›U eªvþYevwoqv‡K wN‡i wZbwU cÖwZiÿv NuvwU M‡o †Zv‡j| AvLvDovq Aew¯’Z PZz_© B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g›U `wÿY w`K †_‡K wbivcËvi Rb¨ ìæBb MÖv‡gi `yB b¤î cøvUzb‡K wb‡`©k †`q| wmcvwn †gv¯Ídv KvgvjI wQ‡jb GB cøvUz‡b| Kg©ZrciZvi Rb¨ hy‡×i mgq †gŠwLKfv‡e Zuv‡K j¨vÝ bv‡q‡Ki `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv nq|16B GwcÖj cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx PZz_© B÷ †e½j‡K aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ Kzwgjøv-AvLvDov †ijjvBb a‡i DËi w`‡K G¸‡Z _v‡K| 17B GwcÖj †fvi‡ejv cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx ìæBb MÖv‡g gyw³evwnbxi Ae¯’v‡bi Ici gU©vi I AvwU©jvwii †Mvjvel©Y ïiæ Ki‡j †gRi mvLvIqvZ Rvwgj 11 b¤î cøvUzb‡K ìæBb MÖv‡g Av‡Mi cøvUz‡bi mv‡_ †hvM †Ìqvi wb‡`©k †`q| 11 b¤î cøvUzb wb‡q nvwej`vi gywbi ̀ iæB‡b †cuŠQvb| wmcvwn †gvnv¤§` †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj Zvi KvQ †_‡K ¸wj wb‡q wbR cwiLvq Ae¯’vb MÖnY K‡ib| †ejv 11Uvi w`‡K ïiæ nq kÎæi †Mvjvel©Y| †gvMiv evRvi I M½v mvM‡ii kÎæ Ae¯’vb †_‡K ¸wjewl©Z nq| 12Uvi w`‡K Av‡m cwðg w`K †_‡K AvµgY| Gmgq cÖwZiÿvi ˆmbïv Avµg‡Yi ZxeªZvq wenŸj n‡q c‡o| K‡qKRb kwn` nb| †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj gwiqv n‡q cvjUv ¸wj Pvjv‡Z _v‡Kb| Zuvi c~e© w`‡Ki ˆmbïv †cQ‡b m‡i bZzb Ae¯’v‡b †h‡Z _v‡K Ges †gv¯Ídv‡KI hvevi Rb¨ Aby‡iva K‡ib| wKš‘ mevB‡K wbivc‡` m‡i hvevi my‡hvM K‡i †èvi Rb¨ †gv¯Ídv cy‡iv`‡g

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GjGgwR †_‡K ¸wj Ki‡Z _v‡K| Zuvi 70 M‡Ri g‡a¨ kÎæcÿ P‡j G‡jI wZwb _v‡gbwb| GKmgq ¸wj †kl n‡q †M‡j kÎæi AvNv‡Z wZwbI kwn` nb|gyw³hy‡× GB Amvgvb¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ †gvnv¤§` †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj‡K evsjv‡`‡ki m‡e©v”P mvgwiK c`K Ôexi‡kÖôÕ cÖ`vb Kiv nq| exi‡kÖô j¨vÝbv‡qK gywÝ Avãyi iDd

gywÝ Avãyi iDd 1943 mv‡ji †g gv‡m dwi`cyi †Rjvi gayLvwj Dc‡Rjvi mvjvgZcyi MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wK‡kvi eq‡m Zuvi evev gviv hvb| d‡j wZwb D”P wkÿv jv‡fi my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ nb| wZwb Aóg †kÖwY ch©šÍ †jLvcov K‡ib| 1960-Gi 8B †g B÷ cvwK¯Ívb ivB‡djm-G fwZ© nb| 25†k gvP© ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i ïiæ‡Z PÆMÖv‡g 11 b¤î DBs-G Kg©iZ wQ‡jb|gyw³hy‡× 8g B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ eywoNv‡U Ae¯’vb †bb cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi ivOvgvwU-gnvjQwo Rjc_ cÖwZ‡iva Kivi Rb¨| 8B GwcÖj cvK †mbvevwnbxi Kgv‡Ûv e¨v‡Uwjqv‡bi `yB †Kv¤úvwb ˆmb¨, mvZwU w¯úW †evU Ges `ywU j‡Â K‡i eywoNvU `L‡ji Rb¨ AMÖmi nq| Zviv cÖwZiÿv e~¨‡ni mvg‡b G‡m gU©vi Ges Ab¨vb¨ fvix A¯¿ w`‡q nVvr ¸wjel©Y ïiæ K‡i| †Mvjve„wói ZxeªZvq cÖwZiÿv ˆmbïv †cQ‡b m‡i †h‡Z eva¨ nq| wKš‘ j¨vÝb¨v‡qK gywÝ Avãyi iDd †cQ‡b nU‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb| wZwb wbR cwiLv †_‡K †gwkbMv‡bi ¸wjel©Y kyiæ K‡ib| GB cvjUv Avµg‡Yi d‡j kÎæ‡ì w¯úW †evU¸‡jv Wz‡e hvq| nZvnZ nq Gi Av‡ivnxiv| †cQ‡bi `y‡Uv jÂ `ªæZ †cQ‡b wM‡q wbivc` `~i‡Z¡ AvkÖq †bq| †mLvb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i `~icvjøvi fvix †Mvjvel©Y| gU©v‡ii fvix †Mvjv G‡m c‡o Avãyi iD‡di Ici| jywU‡q c‡ob wZwb, ZZÿ‡Y wbivc` `~i‡Z¡ m‡i †h‡Z mÿg nb Zuvi mn‡hv×viv|kwn` j¨vÝbv‡qK gywÝ Avãyi iD‡di mgvwa cve©Z¨ †Rjv ivOvgvwUi bvwbqvi P‡i| Zuvi Acwimxg exiZ¡, mvnwmKZv I †`k‡cÖ‡gi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k miKvi Zuv‡K m‡e©v”P m¤§vb Ôexi‡kÖôÕ †LZv‡e f‚wlZ K‡ib| exi‡kÖô †gvnv¤§` iæûj Avwgb

†gvnv¤§` iæûj Avwgb 1935 mv‡j †bvqvLvjx †Rjvi evNPvcov MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb evNPvcov cÖvBgvwi †kl K‡i Avwglvcvov nvB¯‹z‡j fwZ© nb| 1950 mv‡j Rywbqi †gKvwbK¨vj BwÄwbqvi wn‡m‡e cvwK¯Ívb †bŠevwnbx‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1965 mv‡j †gKvwbK¨vj †Kv‡m©i Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| wcGbGm Kvimv‡R †Kvm© mgvß K‡i wZwb AvwU©wdmvi c‡` wbhy³ nb| PÆMÖvg wcGbGm eLwZqvi †bŠNuvwU †_‡K Õ71-Gi GwcÖ‡j cvwj‡q fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv mxgvšÍ AwZµg K‡i 2 b¤î †m±‡i gyw³hy‡× †hvM`vb K‡ib| wZwb wewfbœ ¯’j hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡ib| evsjv‡`k †bŠevwnbx MwVZ n‡j KjKvZvq P‡j Av‡mb| fviZ miKvi evsjv‡`k mk¯¿ evwnbx‡K KjKvZvi Mv‡W©b wiR WK Bqv‡W© `ywU Mvb‡evU Dcnvi †`q| Mvb‡ev‡Ui bvgKiY Kiv nq ÔcÙvÕ I ÔcjvkÕ| iæûj Avwgb cjv‡ki cÖavb BwÄbiæ‡g AvwU©wdmvi wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|6B wW‡m¤î gyw³evwnbx h‡kvi †mbvwbevm `L‡ji ci ÔcÙvÕ, ÔcjvkÕ Ges fviZxq wgÎevwnbxi GKwU Mvb‡evU Ôcvb‡fjÕ Lyjbvi gsjv e›`‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi †bŠNuvwU wcGbGm wZZzwgi `L‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i| 10B wW‡m¤î `ycyi 12Uvi w`‡K Mvb‡evU©¸‡jv Lyjbv wkcBqv‡W©i Kv‡Q G‡j A‡bK DuPz‡Z wZbwU Rw½ wegvb‡K Do‡Z †`‡L| kÎæi wegvb

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1889 mv‡j c¨vwi‡mi ÔAvšÍR©vwZK kÖwgK m‡¤§jbÕ-G bvixev`x †bÎx K¬viv †RUwKb bvix-cyiæl Df‡qi Rb¨B Ômg Kv‡Ri mg gRywiÕ `vwe K‡ib| bvixi A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi wb‡q Ebwesk kZvãxi 50 I 60-Gi `k‡K `vk©wbK n¨vwi‡qU †UBji wgj I Zuvi ¯^vgx Rb ÷zqvU© wgj †mv”Pvi n‡qwQ‡jb| Zuviv Kg©‡ÿ‡Î bvixi gvbevwaKvi, wkÿv I m¤úwË‡Z mgvb Askx`vwiZ¡ Ges †fvUvwaKvi wb‡q KvR K‡ib| Rb ÷zqvU© wgj 1865 mv‡j gvwK©b cvj©v‡g‡›U bvixi mKj AwaKv‡ii †ÿ‡Î †Rviv‡jv hyw³ DÌvcb K‡ib| wZwb mvov RvMv‡bv MÖš’ ‘The Subject of Women’- bvixi mKj AwaKvi cÖ`v‡bi j‡ÿ¨ iPbv K‡ib| Ebwesk kZvãxi 30-Gi `k‡K bvixev`x Av‡›`vjb hy³iv‡óª gvwK©b bvixi `vmcÖ_v I g`¨cvb we‡jv‡ci Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g m~wPZ nq| Gmgq bvixiv Rbmfvq fvlY †Ìqvi gva¨‡g bvixev`‡K ivRbxwZ‡Z AbycÖ‡ek NUvb| djkÖæwZ‡Z 1890 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvq ‘National American Women Suffrage Association’ Ges 1897 mv‡j ‘National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies’ MwVZ nq| Gwgwj †Wwfm, Gwgwjb c¨v¼nv÷©, GwjRv‡e_ M¨v‡iU A¨vÛvimb cÖgyL ZLb bvixev`x ms¯’v¸‡jvi †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb| Gwgwjb c¨v¼nv÷© bvixi AwaKvi Av`vq I †kvl‡Yi weiæ‡× jo‡Z wM‡q KviveiYI K‡iwQ‡jb| †ewU d«vBWvb 1966 mv‡j gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª ‘National Organization for Women’ cÖwZôv K‡ib| 1970 mv‡j A·‡dv‡W©i ivmKxb K‡j‡R Ôbvix gyw³ mfvÕ-Gi gva¨‡g PviwU we‡kl welq `vwe AvKv‡i Zz‡j aiv nq| `vwe¸‡jv wQj, bvix-cyiæ‡li mgvb †eZb I fvZv, bvix-cyiæ‡li Rb¨ GKB ai‡bi wkÿv I my‡hvM, 24 NÈv wkï‡mev cÖ`v‡bi AvkÖg Ges PvIqvgvÎ webvg~‡j¨ Mf©wb‡iva Ges Mf©cv‡Zi eë¯’v|cieZx©‡Z bvix‡ì A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv, AvBbMZ ¯^vaxbZv, fqfxwZ †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv, mš¿vmx ZrciZv †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv, ejc~e©K bvixi køxjZvnvwb †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv Ges †h mKj AvB‡bi Øviv bvix‡ì Ici cyiæ‡li AvwacZ¨ I AvµgY Ae¨vnZ ev ¯’vqx iƒc MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i †m¸‡jvi evwZjKiY BZ¨vw` ivR‰bwZK G‡RÛv wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vwcZ Kiv nq| Gi d‡j bvixgyw³ Av‡›`vjb GK bZzb ai‡bi ivRbxwZi cÖKvk NUv‡Z AMÖYx f‚wgKvq AeZxY© nq| Dwbk kZ‡Ki ïiæ‡ZB fviZe‡l© bvixev`x Av‡›`vjb ïiæ n‡Z _v‡K| Jcwb‡ewkK kvmbÑ†kvl‡Y bvix‡Zv `~‡ii K_v, cyiælivB wQj AwaKvi ewÂZ| Zey bvix Av‡›`vjb c_ Pj‡Z _v‡K| Amn‡hvM, RvZxqZvev`, †LjvdZ Av‡›`vjbmn me Av‡›`vj‡bB wQj bvixi mwµq AskMÖnY| mgvR I ivR‰bwZK `yB avivi mgš^‡qB bvixev`xiv mwµq wQ‡jb|evsjv‡`‡ki bvixev`x Av‡›`vjb wZbwU mgq‡K †K›`ª K‡i AvewZ©Z| weªwUk Avg‡j (1757-1947), cvwK¯Ívb Avgj (1947-1971) Ges evsjv‡`k Avgj (1971-eZ©gvb)| weªwUk kvmbvg‡j bvix-cyiæl mK‡jB wQj AwaKvi ewÂZ| d‡j weªwUk kvm‡bi weiæ‡× mgv‡R GK ai‡bi m‡PZbZv RvMÖZ nq| AvaywbK wkÿvq wkwÿZ D`vi g‡bvfvevcbœ †bZ…‡Z¡i Avwef©ve N‡U| Zv‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq evsjvi bvix Av‡›`vjb †eMevb n‡Z _v‡K| G D`vi †kÖwY †i‡bmuvi gvbweK Av‡e`b †_‡K bvixmgv‡Ri mvgvwRK wbcxob e‡Ü GwM‡q Av‡mb| bvix wbcxob e‡Üi Rb¨ ivóªxq AvBb ˆZwii c‡ÿ Zviv Av‡›`vjb K‡ib| evsjvi bvix Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnv‡m GwU GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© avc| mgvR ms¯‹viK‡ì GwU wQj bvixgwy³ Av‡›`vj‡b GK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv|

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