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MESSAGE FKOM:

TEACHE PARENT

60PARENT OR TEACHER SIGNATURE PATE

Composer Name

Dates(Country/Birth and Death year)

3 Interesting Facts About Your

Composer (using complete

sentences.)

1

Historical Era(Baroque, Classical, Romantic, 20th Century)

2 Compositions

(Listen to two pieces (songs) by your

composer and describe using

complete sentences)

1.

Homeroom Teacher.

t . S > s-f>* i

Composer List Historical Eras

Johann Sebastian Bach -

George Frederic Handel -

Antonio Vivaldi -

Henry Purcell-

Johann Pachelbel -

Wolfagang Amadeus Mozart-

Ludwig von Beethoven-

Guiseppe Verdi -

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky-

Frederic Chopin-

]gorStravinsky-

Franz Schubert-

Richard Wagner-

Johannes Bra4wps -

Gustav Mahler

Robert Schumann

Clara Schumann -

Duke Ellington-

Dmitri Shostokovich -

John Cage -

Benjamin Britten -

Leonard Bernstein-

Irving Berlin-

Burt Bacharach-

George M. Cohan-

Marvin Hamlisch-

Frederick Loewe -

Richard Rodgers -

Herbie Hancock-

John Coltrane-

Stephen Foster -

Andrew Lloyd Weber -

F anz Liszt-

John Williams -

Danny Elfman -

Renaissance: 1400 -1600

Baroque: 1600 -1760

Classical: 1730-1820

Romantic: 1815 -191020th Century: 1900 - 2000

21st Century: 2000-today

Property Pandemonium

Materi ls

Playe s

[ 1 Property Pandemonium Card Deck (Math Journal 2, Activity Sheet 20)

[ 1 Property Pandemonium Record Sheet (Math Masters, p. G33)

D Quadrilateral Hierarchy Poster (or Math Journal 2, pp. 250-251)

2

Skill Drawing and naming quadrilaterals with certain properties

Objec of the Game To earn the fewest points.

Directions

Place the Property Cards and Quadrilateral Cards facedown in separate piles.

Players take turns. When it is your turn, draw one Property Card and oneQuadrilateral Card. Record the information on the Property Pandemonium RecordSheet. If you draw a WILD card, you may choose a property or qua rilateral.

Q On the record sheet, draw an example of the quadrilateral given on yourQuadrilateral Card that has the property or properties listed on your PropertyCard. You may look at the Quadrilateral Hierarchy to help you.

List all the other names you can give the quadrilateral you drew in the AdditionalNames column. Show your drawing and names to your partner. If your partnercan write additional names for your quadrilateral, add them to your record sheet.

Q Your score for the round is the number of additional names recorded.

@ Play three rounds. The player with the fewest points wins.

Example !

Nico and Rowan are playing Property Pandemonium. On his turn, Nico dr ws the 4right angles Property Card and the trapezoid" Quadrilateral Card. He records hisdrawing on the record sheet. Nico writes that his trapezoid is also a quadrilateral, arectangle, and a parallelogram. He scores 3 points fo the round.

Round Property Quadrilateral DrawingAdditional

NamesPoints

1 - right

angles

trapezoid quadrilateralrectangle

p rallelo gram

3J L

r

three hundred twenty

Property Pandemonium Cards

; 7;

PropertyCard

Property; Card

PropertyCard

PropertyCard

at least 1 pairof parallel sides

2 pairs ofparallel sides

2 pairs of adjacent :sides equal in

length

4 sides equalin length

PropertyCard

4 right angles

PropertyCard

! 2 pairs of parallelj sides and 4 right

angles

PropertyCard

at least 1 pair of jparallel sides and 4 j

sides equal inlength

PropertyCard

WILD

QuadrilateralCard

QuadrilateralCard

QuadrilateralCard

QuadrilateralCard

trapezoid parallelogram rhombus rectangle

QuadrilateralCard

QuadrilateralCard

QuadrilateralCard

QuadrilateralCard

kite quadrilateral square WILD

Activity Sheet 20

251

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use

'"~j r / ~

Property PandemoniumRecord Sheet

Player 1:SRB

320

Round Property Quadrilateral Drawing Additional Names Points

1

2

3

TOTAL

Player 2:

Round Property Quadrilateral Drawing Additional Names Points

1

2

3

TOTAL

G33

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Property PandemoniumRecord Sheet

Player 1:: 1 0\ lSRBH

Round Pro erty Quadrilateral Drawing Additional Names Points

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Player 2:

Round Property Quadrilateral Drawing Additional ames Points

1HO jW o $fV r

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7

2

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3

TOTAL

G33

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Written by Tim Weibelillustrated by Caitlin Weibel

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An inclined plane makes moving andlifting things easier. It is a flat slantedsurface that works [ike a ramp.

Have you ever seen someone load heavyitems into the back of a large truck? Theymay have used a ramp, or inclined plane,to load the truck more easil .

©:

Machines are objects that ma e it easierfor people to do wor . Not all machineshave lots of parts or motors.

Simple machines have only one or twomain parts. A shovel, a screwdriver, aknife, a broom, and even a slide on theplayground are all simple mac ines.

Let s learn about the six types of simplemachines.

A wedge is a pair of inclined planesattached bac -fo-back. A wedge is usedto force things apart.

Have you ever seen someone chop woodwith an ax? The head of an ax is a wedge.

ss aE

A screw is a spiral wrapped around acenter post. When you turn it, it can liftobjects or hold two objects together.

Have you ever opene a bottle of water?When you turn the cap one way, it opens.If you turn if the other way, if seals thebottle shut. The cap is a screw.

5j a

A lever is a ba that pivots or turns on afixed point. The fixed point is called thefulcrum.

Have you ever played on a seesaw? Theseesaw is a lever. The support in themiddle is the fulcrum.

A pulley is a wheel that is used with a cordor rope. When you pull if do nward, theother end lifts upward.

Have ou ever seen someone hoist a flagup a flagpole? The flag is attached to arope. At the top of the flagpole is a pulleyWhen you pull the rope downward, theflag rises up the pole.

(z)

A wheel and axel is ma e up of a wheelw th a rod attached to if. When the wheelis turned, it turns the axle with it.

Have ou ever turned a round doorknob toopen a door? When you turn a doorknob,you are using a wheel and axle. The nobis a wheel. The rod that it is attached to isan axle.

LANGUAGE LABORATORY«

Working smart

What do you think of when someone saysthe word machine ? A videodisc player andtelevision? A bulldozer and crane? Maybe youthink of a car, bus or train. But what about apencil sharpener or playground se saw? Aneedle? A wheelchair ramp? Are these thingsmachines? Machines help make the work youdo much easier. Using machines to help you dowork more easily and effectively is workingsmart. In physical science, a machine can be ascomplex as a bulldozer or as simple as a ne dle.

Simple machines help do work. Although theydon t reduce the amount of work, they do makeit easier. Simple machines change the amount offorce or the direction of the force. A lever is one

of the most com on simple machines. Threeclasses of levers ultiply force, change itsdirection or both. Other simple machi es includewheels and axles, gears, pulleys, inclined planesand wedges. A compound machine is made ofmore than one simple machine.

A lever is one of the most common simplemachines. Levers come in many sizes andshapes. All levers have a bar and a turningpoint, the fulcrum. Some levers allow thedirection of the force to be changed. The forceapplied to the lever is the effort force. Thinkof it as the effort put into the simple machine.The force the lever applies to the object to bemoved is the output force. Think of output aswhat the lever does.

compound machine

effort force

- fulcrum

gear

- inclined plane

- lever t, c

- output force

pulley

simple machine

- wedge

wheel and axle

device made of two or mo e simple machines ( bo. 11 o c Co\r)

force a person applies to a simple machin

point at which a lever is supported

wheel with teeth around its edge

simple machine consisting of a slanting, flat surface

simple machine made of a rigid bar in contact with a single pivot point

force applied by a simple machine to an object

simple machine consisting of a rope that passes over a grooved wheel

any tool, such as a wedge or pulley, that is made of only oneor two parts

simple machine that consists of an inclined plane with one ortwo sloping sides

simple machine that consists of a bar connected to the centerof a wheel

Levers are classified into three types. First-classlevers are the simplest. The fulcrum is placedbetween the effort force and output force.First-class levers come in many different shapesand sizes. Exa ples include a playgrou dseesaw, a pair of scisso s and a hammer clawpulling out a nail. First-class levers allow peopleto cha ge the direction of the effort force and canmultiply the amount of the force. Movi g theposition of the fulcrum chan es the amou t ofeffort force needed to move an object.

first-class lever

In a second-class lever, the fulcru is at one e dand the effort force is applied at the other. Theobject to which the lever applies its output forceis in between. A nutcracker and a wheelbarroware examples of second-class levers. A papercutter also is a second-class lever because thehandle is pushed down to cut paper between thefulcrum at one end and the handle at the other.Seco d-class levers o l multipl the effort force.They don t change its direction as first-classlevers do.

second-class lever

ni>

In a third-class lever, the fulcru is at one endand the output force is at the other, while theeffort force is applied in between. A broom andfishing rod are examples of thi d-class levers.This type of lever only multiplies dista ce.It always requires a greater effort force thanthe output by the lever. When these leversare selected to do work, multiplying distanceis more important than multiplyi g force.

third-class lever

j=nl i -- J

Lifting a wheelbarrow up on its handles makesthe wheelbarrow a second-class lever. Rolling italong the ground makes it a wheel and axle, too.A wheel and axle also is a simple machine. Thetire is its wheel, while the axle, a rod extendin through the center of the wheel, supports thefront part of the bucket. A doork ob is a perfectexample of a wheel and axle. The knob acts asthe wheel. e shaft connecting the knob to thedoor is its axle. Turning a doorknob is easierthan tur ing only the shaft to open a door slatch. Although the knob multiplies the effortforce, the knob must be tu ed a greater dista ceto tu n the shaft. Other examples of wheels andaxles include a wheelchair, screwdriver, ship'swheel and school pencil sharpener.

A bicycle has wheels and axles. But it also hasgears. Gears in a bicycle make pedaling, ortraveling over a distance, easier. Both forceand direction are changed when using gears.When the teeth of a large gear and a small gearare interlocked, the large gear can move thesmall one easily. While the large gear turnsone direction a few times, the small gear turnsthe opposite direction many times. Mechanicalclocks and watches contain many gears. Ahand-operated can opener also contai s agear that grabs the can as the handle is turned.Using a bicycle's different gears makes uphillpedaling easier.

Pulleys often are used to lift heavy objects. Whenthe rope is pulled, it stays in a groove along therim of the wheel, turni g it and lifting an object.Fixed pulleys are attached to a solid place, suchs a wall or ceiling. A single fixed pulley only

chan es the direction of the force. It has amechanical advantage of one because it doesn tchange the effort force necessary to move a object, only the direction the force is applied.Movable pulleys are not attached to the ceiling,but can be supported by a rope or attached tothe object to be lifted. Adding additional pulleys,mcluding movable pulleys and longer rope,allows heavy objects to be moved with less effortforce. Therefore, more pulleys are said to have

reater mechanical advantage. But a long ropemust be pulled a greater distance with manysets of pulleys Examples of pulleys are fou don fla poles and clothesli es.

Incli ed planes also are simple machinesThey help raise or move an object upward Awheelchair ramp is one of the most commoninclined pla es. Imagine trying to lift a personin a wheelchair up several stairs! To move thewheelchair upward, it must be rolled a longerdistance along the inclined plane, but less effortis needed to reach the same height. Because lesseffort is needed, sometimes a single person ca do the work.

mechanical advantage number of times by which a machine increases the forceapplied to it

98 Work, energy and machines C 1994 Optica! Data Cd poratio

Machines are all around us. Even the mosthandy kitchen gadget or shop tool usually canbe classified as one or more si ple machi es.The next ti e you grab a tool or nde a bi e, takea closer look and apply what you know aboutsimple machi es Work smart! It s not just thebig machines that count.

A y combinationof two or more simplemachines workingtogether makes acompou d machine.A hand-held ca opener is a goodexample of acompound machine.The circular blade is awedge th t pierces the can top as the handlesare squeezed together in a lever. When thewheel-and-axle handle is turned, it movesthe cutting blade to open the lid. Part of thewheel-a d-axle mechanism contains a gearto transform the force from the turning handleto the roll g action of the wedge.

A wed e looks like two small inclined planesplaced back-to-back. A wedge is a other simplemachine. Using a wedge to split wood is mucheasier than pulling wood apart with bare hands.With a wedge, the force is applied downwardinto the wood. The wedge applies the outputforce sideways to split the wood. K ives slicingbread and needles piercing material are examplesof wedges used in everyday life. A screw is aninclined plane wrapped arou d a small rodor cone.

rscrew inclined plane in a spiral form

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