Green areas in Kraków.

Smart city is a green city.

Paweł HałatKrakowskie Stowarzyszenie Przestrzeń-Ludzie-MiastoInstytut Spraw Publicznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

SMART_KOM: SMART ENVIRONMENT WORKSHOPKraków, 09. 01. 2014

Ecosystem services - benefits that households, societies and economy obtain from the ecosystems

Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005, http://uslugiekosystemow.pl

Smart city diagnostics – green areas:

• smart city places priority on natural resources,

• natural resources are seen as amenities and economic development assets, used to build a good quality of life,

• system of greenways and parks,• new developments create neighborhoods with

good quality of life for the long-term,• green areas (parks, forests, water areas etc.)

offer diverse recreational opportunities.http://www.smartcityconsulting.com

Vegetation map of Krakow – plant communities and valuation

Source: http://zielony-krakow.um.krakow.pl:280/rosl/

Environmental links

Source: Opracowanie Ekofizjograficzne m. Krakowa

Statistics – green areas in Kraków and Polish metropolises

Source: BDL GUS

ha % of area

2002 2012 2002 2012 2002 2012 2002 2012

Kraków 1 125,4 1 251,3 14,9 16,5 2 453,3 2 943,7 7,5 9,0 4 874,2 14,9

Warszawa 1 189,5 1 082,0 7,0 6,3 4 990,6 4 481,7 9,7 8,7 12 214,4 23,6

Łódź 2 114,2 2 053,0 26,9 28,6 3 331,4 3 548,0 11,3 12,1 2 753,1 9,4

Wrocław 1 560,8 1 702,8 24,4 27,0 2 401,6 2 799,4 8,2 9,6 1 836,5 6,3

Poznań 2 472,2 2 395,6 42,8 43,5 5 223,4 3 522,1 20,0 13,4 497,5 1,9

Cities >500 th. 8 462,1 8 484,7 19,0 19,4 18 400,3 17 294,9 10,9 10,2 22 175,7 13,1

Protected areas

2012

City

Parks and community forests

ha m2/inh.

Parks, forest, lawns, residental green areas, street

greenbelts

ha % of area

Threats – private investments:

• destruction of large green/open areas in the city by new, uncontrolled residential/commercial development (Ruczaj, Górka Narodowa, Zakrzówek, Czyżyny – the old runway),

• uncontrolled „densification” of build-up areas (Młynówka Królewska, Wisła boulevards, Park Dębnicki, Bronowice fortification, modernist estates),

• new large residential areas dominated by paved surface and with no public recreational areas,

• suburbanisation – urban sprawl in the metro area,• trees removal from development areas,• functional and visual degradation of landscape.

Threats – public policies and investments:

• lack of green areas protection in local zoning plans/MPZP,• too large urban development area proposed in spatial

plans,• not enough funds to purchase areas for public parks,• new transport infrastructure (new ecological barriers) in

green areas (3rd Ring, Balice route, S7) and roads expansion – trees removal (Al. 29-Listopada, Al. 3 Maja),

• large public investments in greenfield areas – 3rd Campus, new university hospital,

• expansion of parking space – including underground car park (Pl. Biskupi, modernist estates)

• mature trees destruction – dwarf trees (or no trees at all) as a replacement.