Official statisticsOfficial statisticsfor public administrationfor public administration
in modern economy and information societyin modern economy and information society
Józef OleńskJózef Oleńskii
Lazarski UniversityLazarski University
Postgraduate studiesPostgraduate studiesMaster of Public AdministrationMaster of Public Administration
Warszawa, grudzień 2011Warszawa, grudzień 2011
Projekt :Projekt :
„„Odpowiedź na wyzwania gospodarki Odpowiedź na wyzwania gospodarki opartej na wiedzy: nowy program opartej na wiedzy: nowy program nauczania na WSHiP”.nauczania na WSHiP”.
Projekt współfinansowany ze środków Unii Projekt współfinansowany ze środków Unii Europejskiej w ramach Europejskiego Europejskiej w ramach Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego.Funduszu Społecznego.
AgendaAgendaWhat MPA should know about official What MPA should know about official
statistics?statistics? Informartion infrastructure of modern economu Informartion infrastructure of modern economu Role of official statistics in the information Role of official statistics in the information
infrastructure of economyuinfrastructure of economyu Global system of official statisticsGlobal system of official statistics European Statistical System (ESS) of the European European Statistical System (ESS) of the European
Union Union Models of national statistical system in the EU countriesModels of national statistical system in the EU countries System of official statistics in Poland – mission, legal System of official statistics in Poland – mission, legal
foundations, organization, functioningfoundations, organization, functioning Cooperation of official statistics with other Cooperation of official statistics with other
infrastructural information systems of the stateinfrastructural information systems of the state Official statistics – information and analytical support Official statistics – information and analytical support
for public administrationfor public administration
„„Modern economyModern economy””and its information foundations and its information foundations
GlobalizationGlobalization InstitutionalizationInstitutionalization Infrastructuralization of development Infrastructuralization of development
rozwojurozwoju Metropolization Metropolization Autonomization of financial sector from Autonomization of financial sector from
real economyreal economy Information societyInformation society Knowledge-based economyKnowledge-based economy Active role of information sector Active role of information sector Decisive role of mass mediaDecisive role of mass media
GlobalizationGlobalization
Global markets and economic Global markets and economic sectorssectors
Global economic and social entitiesGlobal economic and social entities Fuzzy economic and social borders Fuzzy economic and social borders
of statesof states Global supranational institutional Global supranational institutional
regulations limiting souvereignity of regulations limiting souvereignity of statesstates
Decisions and activities of national Decisions and activities of national institutions and subject need global institutions and subject need global informationinformation
„„Institionalization”Institionalization”
Increase of importance of public sector of economyIncrease of importance of public sector of economy Deep institutional interventionism on: Deep institutional interventionism on:
• Global, regional, national, sectorial and local scaleGlobal, regional, national, sectorial and local scale „„Laws” – the tool of decision making and operative Laws” – the tool of decision making and operative
managementmanagement „„Economic numerology”Economic numerology”
• Decions based on statistical data (e.g. 55%, 3%, GDP per Decions based on statistical data (e.g. 55%, 3%, GDP per capita)?)capita)?)
„„NeomonopolizationNeomonopolization” based on „laws” and ” based on „laws” and „standards””„standards””
Reduction of free market to marketplace and Reduction of free market to marketplace and bazaar bazaar
Bureacratization, „procedurization” i Bureacratization, „procedurization” i „pettifoggerization” of laws„pettifoggerization” of laws
Quality of law determines the Quality of law determines the quality of statequality of state
……....złe prawo gorsze niźli tyran najsroższy. złe prawo gorsze niźli tyran najsroższy. Bo wżdy tyran albo odmienić się, albo Bo wżdy tyran albo odmienić się, albo namówić, albo umrzeć może i jego tyraństwo namówić, albo umrzeć może i jego tyraństwo ustaje. A złe prawo zawżdy trwa, zawżdy ustaje. A złe prawo zawżdy trwa, zawżdy zabija i szkodę czyni i na duszy, i na ciele. Jest zabija i szkodę czyni i na duszy, i na ciele. Jest jako lew i bestyja nierozumna, która namówić jako lew i bestyja nierozumna, która namówić się nie da, aż ją zabić i umorzyć. Tak i złe się nie da, aż ją zabić i umorzyć. Tak i złe prawo, które szkody ludziom czyni miasto prawo, które szkody ludziom czyni miasto pomocy, dla której wszystkie się prawa stawią.pomocy, dla której wszystkie się prawa stawią.
Rektor Uniwersytetu Stefana Batorego Rektor Uniwersytetu Stefana Batorego Ks. Piotr SkargaKs. Piotr Skarga
Kazania sejmoweKazania sejmowe
Infrastructuralization of Infrastructuralization of developmentdevelopment
Security of society and economy – access to Security of society and economy – access to strategic resourcesstrategic resources
Infrastructural level is decisive for the Infrastructural level is decisive for the development of economy and societydevelopment of economy and society
Political, social (political, human aand social capital)Political, social (political, human aand social capital) Legal and organizational (laws and insititutions)Legal and organizational (laws and insititutions) Technical: transport, energy, Technical: transport, energy, InformationalInformational
Critical infrastructures: Critical infrastructures: Social infrastructureSocial infrastructure Laws and organizationLaws and organization Information (resources and systems)Information (resources and systems)
Control of infrastructural system by the state is Control of infrastructural system by the state is the prerequisite of souvereignitythe prerequisite of souvereignity
Metropolization of developmentMetropolization of development Concentration of resources in metropoliesConcentration of resources in metropolies
Political and administrative centresPolitical and administrative centres Science and universitiesScience and universities Financial centresFinancial centres Decisional centres of real economyDecisional centres of real economy
Types of metropoliesTypes of metropolies LocalLocal NationalNational RegionalRegional GlobalGlobal
Development of metropolies based on resources Development of metropolies based on resources of other regionsof other regions
Metropolitan synergy effect: Metropolitan synergy effect: economic economic gravitation, „economic black hole syndrome”gravitation, „economic black hole syndrome”
Polarization of regional development on global Polarization of regional development on global scale (scale (centers and perifral regions) EU case centers and perifral regions) EU case studystudy
Financial sector torn out from real Financial sector torn out from real economyeconomy
Global financial sectorGlobal financial sector Global financial instytutionsGlobal financial instytutions Position of financial sector determined by Position of financial sector determined by
laws and instytutionslaws and instytutions „„Virtualization” of financial processesVirtualization” of financial processes Legal asymmetry and absolute supremacy Legal asymmetry and absolute supremacy
of financial sector over real economyof financial sector over real economy Relations between financial sector and real Relations between financial sector and real
economy determined by laws and state economy determined by laws and state institutionsinstitutions
Global information societyGlobal information society Growing information minimaGrowing information minima
CivilizationalCivilizational FunctionalFunctional SytuationalSytuational
Growing information gapsGrowing information gaps Growing demand for informationGrowing demand for information Growing supply of informaionGrowing supply of informaion Absolute asymmetry between producers and Absolute asymmetry between producers and
users of informationusers of information Dominating position of global information Dominating position of global information
intermediariesintermediaries Mass production of information without quality Mass production of information without quality
standards and their controlstandards and their control Social information order requiresSocial information order requires
Adequate level of social information cultureAdequate level of social information culture Linguistic transparency („one language”)Linguistic transparency („one language”)
Fundamental law of information in Fundamental law of information in knowledge based economyknowledge based economy
Worse information Worse information oustst better informationoustst better information Wiedza (informacja) staje się towarem na rynku informacyjnymWiedza (informacja) staje się towarem na rynku informacyjnym Rynek wzmacnia wypieranie informacji lepszej przez gorsząRynek wzmacnia wypieranie informacji lepszej przez gorszą Etyka – jedynym gwarantem jakości informacjiEtyka – jedynym gwarantem jakości informacji Etyka wzmocniona przez egzekwowalne normy informacyjne – Etyka wzmocniona przez egzekwowalne normy informacyjne –
warunkiem i gwarantem społecznego ładu informacyjnegowarunkiem i gwarantem społecznego ładu informacyjnego Statystyka publiczna – narzędziem ograniczenia skutków Statystyka publiczna – narzędziem ograniczenia skutków
fundamentalnego prawa informacji w zakresie swojego fundamentalnego prawa informacji w zakresie swojego oddziaływaniaoddziaływania
Konwledge-based economyKonwledge-based economy Information dependent technological Information dependent technological
prodressprodress Information components in technologiesInformation components in technologies Human capital decisive for R&DHuman capital decisive for R&D National R&D and education – prerequisite National R&D and education – prerequisite
of absorption of progressof absorption of progress Concentration of new researches and Concentration of new researches and
development works in global scaledevelopment works in global scale Polarization of regions and countries Polarization of regions and countries
caused by national differences in human caused by national differences in human and social capitaland social capital
Role of information sector and Role of information sector and mass mediamass media
Industrial production and dissemination of Industrial production and dissemination of information realizing the functions ofinformation realizing the functions of
Reresentation of real worldReresentation of real world Formation of resources of knwledgeFormation of resources of knwledge Decision support Decision support Control of processesControl of processes ConsumptionConsumption
Commercialization of information sectorCommercialization of information sector Domination of information for concumptionDomination of information for concumption Pollution of information environmentPollution of information environment
Mass media determining the quality of Mass media determining the quality of information environmentinformation environment
Official statistics is the segment of non – Official statistics is the segment of non – commercial sector of informationcommercial sector of information
Official statistics and social Official statistics and social information orderinformation order
Global information order – prerequisite of Global information order – prerequisite of economic, political and social ordereconomic, political and social order
Official Statistics is the global information Official Statistics is the global information system respecting scientific and ethical system respecting scientific and ethical standardsstandards
Dynamics of social and economic Dynamics of social and economic processes and their interrelations requise processes and their interrelations requise statistical observation and monitoring on statistical observation and monitoring on global scaleglobal scale
Mission of official statisticsMission of official statistics– – global social information security and safetyglobal social information security and safety
Global information standardsGlobal information standards Global statisticalo languageGlobal statisticalo language Global statistical systemGlobal statistical system
Identification and modeling of processesIdentification and modeling of processes MeasuringMeasuring Collecting informationCollecting information Maintenance of information resourcesMaintenance of information resources Dissemination of information as public goodDissemination of information as public good
Global statistical standardsGlobal statistical standards Metastandards Metastandards Concepts and definitionsConcepts and definitions Classifications, nomenclatures, typologiesClassifications, nomenclatures, typologies Methods of measuringMethods of measuring Standards of production of derived dataStandards of production of derived data Standards for coordiantion of informationStandards for coordiantion of information Information standards in science and technologyInformation standards in science and technology Information standards used in economy and Information standards used in economy and
politicspolitics Official statistics is authorized by laws to produce Official statistics is authorized by laws to produce
and disseminate information standards for public and disseminate information standards for public useuse
Institutions of global system of Institutions of global system of official statisticsofficial statistics
UN statistical commissionUN statistical commission UN regional commissionsUN regional commissions UN Conference of European UN Conference of European
StatisticiansStatisticians OECD statistical serviceOECD statistical service EUROSTATEUROSTAT
Three determinants of Three determinants of development development
of official statistics in EU of official statistics in EU
1.1. Information infrastructure of the EU Information infrastructure of the EU and in the EU-member countries and in the EU-member countries
2.2. Fundametal law of information in Fundametal law of information in knowledge -based economyknowledge -based economy
3.3. Fundamenal law of progress in Fundamenal law of progress in official statisticsofficial statistics
1. Integrity of information infrastructure – 1. Integrity of information infrastructure – prerequisite of transparency of single prerequisite of transparency of single
marketmarket Information infrastructureInformation infrastructure is the integrated complex of is the integrated complex of
• Information standardsInformation standards• Information systemsInformation systems• Information resourcesInformation resources• Information technologiesInformation technologies• Information culture and skills of stakeholders of statisticsInformation culture and skills of stakeholders of statistics
Supervised and controlled by insitutions (national, international, Supervised and controlled by insitutions (national, international, supranational)supranational)
Necessary for information security in EUNecessary for information security in EU
The integrity of information infrastructure in EU countires The integrity of information infrastructure in EU countires and on supranational scale determines the informaiton and on supranational scale determines the informaiton security of EU as a wholesecurity of EU as a whole
2. Fundametal law of 2. Fundametal law of information information
in knowledge - based economyin knowledge - based economy
Worse information ousts Worse information ousts
better informationbetter information
The FLI is an universal law The FLI is an universal law
3. Fundamental law of progress 3. Fundamental law of progress
in official statistics in official statistics
The only internal driving power The only internal driving power
of progress in official statistics is of progress in official statistics is its its
INERTIAINERTIA
The FLoPOS is acting on all levels and in The FLoPOS is acting on all levels and in all systems official statistics all systems official statistics
Institutional setup of NSSInstitutional setup of NSS
PrinciplesPrinciples
Laws Laws
PracticesPractices
Principles Principles
Fundamental principles of official Fundamental principles of official statistics, UNECE resolution 1992statistics, UNECE resolution 1992
ISI code of statistical ethics 1985ISI code of statistical ethics 1985 EU code of best practices EU code of best practices National codes of statistical National codes of statistical
ethics and best practicesethics and best practices
LawsLaws EU laws and resolutions on official EU laws and resolutions on official
satististics of the European Parliament and satististics of the European Parliament and European Council European Council
EC directives on official statisticsEC directives on official statistics Decisions of the ESSCDecisions of the ESSC Recommendations of EurostatRecommendations of Eurostat National statistical lawsNational statistical laws National statistical governmental National statistical governmental
regulations and decisionsregulations and decisions
Problem to be solved: Problem to be solved: orchestration and harmonization of laws, orchestration and harmonization of laws,
recommendations and decisionsrecommendations and decisions
European statistical practices European statistical practices „embarras de richesse”„embarras de richesse”
Variety of institutional national models of Variety of institutional national models of official statistics:official statistics:
Scandinavian (centralized)Scandinavian (centralized) Anglo-Saxon (decentralized)Anglo-Saxon (decentralized) French (central – regionalized)French (central – regionalized) German (federal)German (federal) Greek (distributed)Greek (distributed)
Variety of national information environmentsVariety of national information environments Administrative information systems of governmentsAdministrative information systems of governments Information regulations of economic activityInformation regulations of economic activity
Variety of interrelations between official Variety of interrelations between official statistics and non-statistical information statistics and non-statistical information systemssystems
Complementarity vs. SubstitutionComplementarity vs. Substitution Coordination models of information infrastructureCoordination models of information infrastructure
NSI’s standing NSI’s standing within public administrationwithin public administration
1.1. Ministry of statistics – Chief Statistician in the rank of a Ministry of statistics – Chief Statistician in the rank of a minister of the governmentminister of the government
2.2. Central statistical office – Chief Statistician reporting to the Central statistical office – Chief Statistician reporting to the president, parliament or prime minister,president, parliament or prime minister,
3.3. Central statistical office – Chief Statistician reporting to the Central statistical office – Chief Statistician reporting to the minister of …interior, finance, economy… ??? minister of …interior, finance, economy… ???
4.4. Central co-ordinating unit in the office of prime minister – Central co-ordinating unit in the office of prime minister – distributed and decntralized statistical production managed distributed and decntralized statistical production managed by ministries and other officesby ministries and other offices
DillemaDillema: „: „das Soll vs. Das Seindas Soll vs. Das Sein””statistical laws vs. political position of other central and statistical laws vs. political position of other central and regional organs and governments regional organs and governments
NSI’s co-ordinating role NSI’s co-ordinating role in the national statistical in the national statistical
systemsystem Coordinating competences of the NSI:Coordinating competences of the NSI:
• Information infrastructure of the stateInformation infrastructure of the state• Information standards (concepts, definitions, Information standards (concepts, definitions,
classifications, registers etc.)classifications, registers etc.)• Official statistical services of other ministires Official statistical services of other ministires
Coordinating instrumentsCoordinating instruments• Multi-annual programs of development of statistical Multi-annual programs of development of statistical
capacity and productioncapacity and production• Annual programs of surveysAnnual programs of surveys• Information standards introduced by lawInformation standards introduced by law
Coordinating organsCoordinating organs• National statistical council (board)National statistical council (board)• Chief statistician as the organ of governmentChief statistician as the organ of government• Other coordinating organsOther coordinating organs
Appointment and termination of contracts Appointment and termination of contracts of top managers – core of efficient of top managers – core of efficient
management of NSSmanagement of NSS Case study of PolandCase study of Poland
AppointmentAppointment procedure for „central procedure for „central offices”offices”
Open competition Open competition Candidates are evaluated by the jury nominated by Candidates are evaluated by the jury nominated by
prime ministerprime minister Prime minister is selecting the chief statistician from Prime minister is selecting the chief statistician from
candidates who positively passed the procedurecandidates who positively passed the procedure Prime minister nominates the chief statisticians for 5 Prime minister nominates the chief statisticians for 5
years turn years turn
Termination of the contractTermination of the contract In any moment – decision of the prime ministerIn any moment – decision of the prime minister
Independence of official Independence of official statistics and its prerequisitesstatistics and its prerequisites
Law – driven governance and supervision of Law – driven governance and supervision of ESS and NSIESS and NSI
Political culture of politicians Political culture of politicians Information culture of politiciansInformation culture of politicians – – good good
information is expensive, but lack of good information is expensive, but lack of good information is much more expensiveinformation is much more expensive
Political culture of statisticiansPolitical culture of statisticians - - political political mission of statistics is telling the whole truthmission of statistics is telling the whole truth
Budget for statistics based on realistic costs of Budget for statistics based on realistic costs of statistical surveys and servicesstatistical surveys and services ( (costs of costs of maintenance of resources and costs of surveysmaintenance of resources and costs of surveys))
Decision making process of Decision making process of development of official development of official
statisticsstatistics StrategyStrategy of development of national statistics - of development of national statistics - SDNSSDNS – –
„„Mission and Vision”Mission and Vision” Long - term programLong - term program of development of official statistics (15 of development of official statistics (15
years horizon) adopted as governmental official documentyears horizon) adopted as governmental official document Operational programsOperational programs of statistical acitvities of government of statistical acitvities of government
• Multi – annual program of surveysMulti – annual program of surveys• Annual program of surveys (base for budgeting)Annual program of surveys (base for budgeting)• Program of maintenance and upgrading of the NSS and NSIProgram of maintenance and upgrading of the NSS and NSI• Permanent official statistical services (dissemination, assistance Permanent official statistical services (dissemination, assistance
to users, education and training of stakeholders, supplying data to to users, education and training of stakeholders, supplying data to international organizations etc.)international organizations etc.)
• Program of research, incl. international cooperation in R & DProgram of research, incl. international cooperation in R & D
Decision gaps Decision gaps Weakness of long term and multi – annual Weakness of long term and multi – annual
programsprograms Annual budgeting vs. multinannual Annual budgeting vs. multinannual
programprogram „„Additive budgeting” independent on real Additive budgeting” independent on real
costs of surveys and activities (B{t-1}x costs of surveys and activities (B{t-1}x {1+Infl.}){1+Infl.})
Weak coordinating position of NSI’s in Weak coordinating position of NSI’s in relation to ministries, central banks and relation to ministries, central banks and other governmental organsother governmental organs
Resources of NSSResources of NSS
Resources of Resources of • national statistical officesnational statistical offices• other national statistical servicesother national statistical services• information environment of official information environment of official
statisticsstatistics
Problem: Problem: • legal frames and capacity of NSI legal frames and capacity of NSI
necessary for managemenet of resources necessary for managemenet of resources of NSSof NSS
Maintenance of resourcesMaintenance of resources Intellectual infrastructure Intellectual infrastructure
• Statistical staffStatistical staff• R & D units of NSI’s R & D units of NSI’s • External experts and institutesExternal experts and institutes
Information infrastructure: Information infrastructure: • information basesinformation bases• meta and parainformation systemsmeta and parainformation systems
Technical infrastructure (ICT, offices, etc.)Technical infrastructure (ICT, offices, etc.)
Problem: Problem: • Budget of NSI systematic financing of Budget of NSI systematic financing of
maintenance of resources maintenance of resources
Development of resourcesDevelopment of resources Research and development Research and development
• National R & D capacity National R & D capacity • ESS-netESS-net• European centers of excellenceEuropean centers of excellence• Eurostat R & D staffEurostat R & D staff
Education and trainingEducation and training• Modernization of program of university Modernization of program of university
educationeducation• Training of European Statisticians – TES - EMOSTraining of European Statisticians – TES - EMOS• Education and training of national statisticians Education and training of national statisticians
Upgrading of statistical ICTUpgrading of statistical ICT• Systematic upgrading of ICT of statistical Systematic upgrading of ICT of statistical
offices offices • Special statistical softwareSpecial statistical software
Development of statistical Development of statistical information environmentinformation environment
Coordinating competences of NSI’s in Coordinating competences of NSI’s in designing and implementing of ICT - based designing and implementing of ICT - based administrative information systems:administrative information systems:
Information standards for administtative procedures Information standards for administtative procedures and systemsand systems
Administrative registers: population, land, Administrative registers: population, land, businessendards businessendards
Primary registers of businessesPrimary registers of businesses Infrastructural information systems of governments Infrastructural information systems of governments
(especially: taxes, social insurance, heath (especially: taxes, social insurance, heath insuranceinsurance, ,
Management of „inter-ministerial” Management of „inter-ministerial” registersregisters
E.g. businesses, population, territorial unitsE.g. businesses, population, territorial units
Conflicts in planning and Conflicts in planning and execution of resourcesexecution of resources
„„Conflict of interest” between multi-annual Conflict of interest” between multi-annual programming and realization of statistical programming and realization of statistical surveys and annual budgeting of governmentsurveys and annual budgeting of government
Policy of budget cuts Policy of budget cuts Reduction of costs of statistcs vs. financing of Reduction of costs of statistcs vs. financing of
R&D, education and upgrading of R&D, education and upgrading of infrastructureinfrastructure
The reduction of costs is achieved by:The reduction of costs is achieved by:• Lower quality of metadata, data and servicesLower quality of metadata, data and services• Reduction of R&D Reduction of R&D • Lower level of ICTLower level of ICT• Cuts in intellectual capital of statistics (experts, Cuts in intellectual capital of statistics (experts,
education, training)education, training)
Quality control of statisticsQuality control of statistics Integration of data capturing and editingIntegration of data capturing and editing Strong framesStrong frames Direct use of primary recordsDirect use of primary records Use of administrative data Use of administrative data Electronic intelligent questionnairesElectronic intelligent questionnaires Non-conventional sources of informationNon-conventional sources of information Extended editing: full formal and logic control, Extended editing: full formal and logic control,
using historical datausing historical data Integrated metadata and data basesIntegrated metadata and data bases Full docummenting of methodology of surveysFull docummenting of methodology of surveys Ex-ante and ex-post audit of surveysEx-ante and ex-post audit of surveys
Quality assuranceQuality assurance
Need of strenghtening the control of Need of strenghtening the control of qualityquality
Single survey – independent Single survey – independent methodological standards obligatory for methodological standards obligatory for all NSS (including ministries)all NSS (including ministries)
Methodological audit ex ante of each Methodological audit ex ante of each survey (methodological „imprimatur” )survey (methodological „imprimatur” )
Maintenance of methodological Maintenance of methodological integrity of data resourcesintegrity of data resources
Official statistics produced Official statistics produced outside the NSI’soutside the NSI’s
Assymetry of statistical competences Assymetry of statistical competences between ministries and NSI’sbetween ministries and NSI’s• Ministries are treating their statistics like Ministries are treating their statistics like
any other administrative systemany other administrative system• Problems:Problems:
obeying metodological standards and obeying metodological standards and methodological transparency by ministriesmethodological transparency by ministries
To weak methodological coordination from To weak methodological coordination from the part of the NSIthe part of the NSI
Production of semi-official data by ministries Production of semi-official data by ministries
Official statistical services Official statistical services as public goodas public good
Database – driven dissemination of Database – driven dissemination of statisical information statisical information
Profiled information services for VIP’sProfiled information services for VIP’s Problem – oriented analysesProblem – oriented analyses Statistical consultative support of public Statistical consultative support of public
administration and governmentsadministration and governments
Official statistician Official statistician Information researcher and supporter of public sector Information researcher and supporter of public sector
and researchand research Paid services for commercial sectorPaid services for commercial sector
Access to statistical data and Access to statistical data and metadatametadata
Pressure of givernments and businesses on Pressure of givernments and businesses on access to microdataaccess to microdata
Opening the access of governments to Opening the access of governments to microdata will be the end of good official microdata will be the end of good official statisticsstatistics
NSI’s and Eurostat should protect NSI’s and Eurostat should protect microdata by: microdata by:
Offering high level statistical services to usersOffering high level statistical services to users Building and maintaining databases containing Building and maintaining databases containing
statistical microaggregates and time seriesstatistical microaggregates and time series Databases storing microdata should be accessible only Databases storing microdata should be accessible only
for statisticians compiling data on request of usersfor statisticians compiling data on request of users
Eurostat as supranational Eurostat as supranational statistical office of EUstatistical office of EU
Statistical office of EU Commission and institutionsStatistical office of EU Commission and institutions• Identification of EU statistical needsIdentification of EU statistical needs• Common EU program of official statisticsCommon EU program of official statistics• Collection of output data from NSI’sCollection of output data from NSI’s
Coordinator of ESSCoordinator of ESS• Programming of ESS surveys Programming of ESS surveys • Coordinaiton of statistical production for EU needsCoordinaiton of statistical production for EU needs• Elaborating information metastandards and standards for Elaborating information metastandards and standards for
information systems of public sectorinformation systems of public sector European R&D and education institute European R&D and education institute
• R&D projectsR&D projects• Pilot implementations Pilot implementations • Statistical education Statistical education • ESS-netESS-net
EU code of statistical best EU code of statistical best practicepractice
The „best” does not mean „good” or even The „best” does not mean „good” or even „admissible” in other environment„admissible” in other environment
Adoption of EU code of practice to national Adoption of EU code of practice to national specificityspecificity
Official recommendation of national Official recommendation of national version of the EU code of practice by version of the EU code of practice by respective lawrespective law
Dissemination of UNFP, ISI Code, EU CodeDissemination of UNFP, ISI Code, EU Code Official national recommendationsOfficial national recommendations Education and training: university professors should Education and training: university professors should
be acquainted with the codes of ethics and practicesbe acquainted with the codes of ethics and practices Independent audit of methods and surveys Independent audit of methods and surveys
ConclusionsConclusions SDESSDES - - SStrategy of trategy of DDevelopment of evelopment of
EEuropean uropean SStatistics tatistics – mission and vision of – mission and vision of ESS elaborated under the auspices of ESGAB ESS elaborated under the auspices of ESGAB and updatedand updated
Centralized co-ordination (Centralized co-ordination (not managementnot management) ) of ESSof ESS
Partnership relations between statistical offices and Partnership relations between statistical offices and services on national and supranational levelservices on national and supranational level
Harmonization and integration of ESS by programs, Harmonization and integration of ESS by programs, metadata and methodological standardsmetadata and methodological standards
Position of Eurostat in EC directorates and Position of Eurostat in EC directorates and commissioners commissioners
Thank youThank you
Główny Urząd StatystycznyGłówny Urząd Statystycznywraz z wojewódzkimi Urzędami Statystycznymiwraz z wojewódzkimi Urzędami Statystycznymi
System statystyki publicznej Polski jest System statystyki publicznej Polski jest • Ważnym segmentem infrastruktury informacyjnej krajuWażnym segmentem infrastruktury informacyjnej kraju• Integralną częścią globalnego i europejskiego systemu Integralną częścią globalnego i europejskiego systemu
statystycznegostatystycznego Misja GUS - współkształtowanie społecznego ładu Misja GUS - współkształtowanie społecznego ładu
informacyjnego i infrastruktury informacyjnej kraju przez:informacyjnego i infrastruktury informacyjnej kraju przez:• Normy informacyjne, w tym rejestry urzędowe Normy informacyjne, w tym rejestry urzędowe • Zasoby informacyjne jako dobro publiczne należneZasoby informacyjne jako dobro publiczne należne• Aktywne wsparcie informacyjne i analityczne organów Aktywne wsparcie informacyjne i analityczne organów
państwa, nauki, organizacji społecznych, biznesupaństwa, nauki, organizacji społecznych, biznesu• Programowanie badań statystycznych statystyki publicznej i Programowanie badań statystycznych statystyki publicznej i
ich koordynacja ich koordynacja • Realizacja badań statystycznych statystyki centralnej Realizacja badań statystycznych statystyki centralnej • Wspomaganie oficjalnych badań statystycznych prowadzonych Wspomaganie oficjalnych badań statystycznych prowadzonych
przez inne instytucje państwoweprzez inne instytucje państwowe• Harmonizacja i współpraca z globalnymi i europejskimi Harmonizacja i współpraca z globalnymi i europejskimi
systemami statystycznymisystemami statystycznymi• Koordynacja i realizacja badań naukowych Koordynacja i realizacja badań naukowych • Edukacja statystyczna Edukacja statystyczna
Statystyka publiczna podstawą Statystyka publiczna podstawą funkcjonowania państwafunkcjonowania państwa
Zrozumienie znaczenia infrastruktury informacyjnej Zrozumienie znaczenia infrastruktury informacyjnej w globalnym społeczeństwie informacyjnym i w w globalnym społeczeństwie informacyjnym i w gospodarce opartej na wiedzygospodarce opartej na wiedzy
Właściwa ranga jakości informacji, norm Właściwa ranga jakości informacji, norm informacyjnych, w tym norm statystycznych informacyjnych, w tym norm statystycznych
Infrastrukturalne podejście do statystyki publicznej, Infrastrukturalne podejście do statystyki publicznej, w tym zapewnienie warunków rozwoju w tym zapewnienie warunków rozwoju
Przestrzeganie Fundamentalnych Zasad Statystyki Przestrzeganie Fundamentalnych Zasad Statystyki Publicznej ONZPublicznej ONZ
Właściwa ranga rozwoju kultury i edukacji Właściwa ranga rozwoju kultury i edukacji informacyjnej, w tym kultury statystycznej i edukacji informacyjnej, w tym kultury statystycznej i edukacji statystycznej dla państwa, społeczeństwa i statystycznej dla państwa, społeczeństwa i gospodarkigospodarki
Information transparency and official Information transparency and official statisticsstatistics
IInformation transparencynformation transparency is the prerequisite of is the prerequisite of politicalpolitical, social and economic partnership, social and economic partnership and and cooperation ;cooperation ;
Mission of nMission of national statistical offices ational statistical offices is is to to protectprotect international international information transparency;information transparency;
JointJoint statistical parainformation platform statistical parainformation platform is is the the optimaloptimal tool tool of supporting transparency in of supporting transparency in heterogeneous international environment.heterogeneous international environment.
Time to go beyond statistical variables Time to go beyond statistical variables • from data through information to from data through information to
knowledgeknowledge
Official statistics – where we go ?Official statistics – where we go ?
From paper questionnaires to electronic data From paper questionnaires to electronic data capturingcapturing
From questionnaires to administrative recordsFrom questionnaires to administrative records From national systems to international and global From national systems to international and global
integrationintegration From statistical variables to From statistical variables to statistical statistical information information
(from tables to data analyses)(from tables to data analyses) From From statistical statistical information to information to knowledgeknowledge on social on social
and economic processes and phenomenaand economic processes and phenomena
Storage and retrieval of statistical information Storage and retrieval of statistical information – – where we go ?where we go ?
Single questionnaire – driven Single questionnaire – driven statistical filesstatistical files
Statistical databasesStatistical databases• Integration Integration ex ante ex ante of data and metadataof data and metadata
Information warehousesInformation warehouses• Integrated storage of heterogeneous Integrated storage of heterogeneous
informationinformation Information platforms Information platforms
• reference data for retrieval of reference data for retrieval of heterogeneous information (heterogeneous information (weak, flexible weak, flexible structuringstructuring))
Informational Informational foundations foundations of of international international partnershippartnership
Partnership is based on trustPartnership is based on trust Trust is based on information Trust is based on information
transparencytransparency Information transparency is Information transparency is
based onbased on eaqual accessibility of information for all eaqual accessibility of information for all
stakeholdersstakeholders quality control of public information by quality control of public information by
official information agenciesofficial information agencies isomorphic interpretability of information isomorphic interpretability of information
for all usersfor all users
IInternationalnternational heterogeneous heterogeneous environmentenvironment
Particular countries have developed their Particular countries have developed their own, specific information infrastructures; own, specific information infrastructures;
National National administrative systems, primary administrative systems, primary records of legal persons and entrepreneurs, records of legal persons and entrepreneurs, are specific for each country; are specific for each country;
Information Information used in socialused in social, economic, economic and and ecological ecological systemssystems are adjusted to legal and are adjusted to legal and administrative specificity of administrative specificity of eacheach country; country;
Information transparency Information transparency in in globalized economyglobalized economy
In In globalized globalized open economy open economy the systems of the systems of “national econom“national economiesies” ” areare fuzzy; fuzzy;
PProcesses in national economies cannot be rocesses in national economies cannot be explained and monitored without explained and monitored without information from other countries;information from other countries;
Information transparency in heterogeneous Information transparency in heterogeneous international environment requires international environment requires orchestrating public information systems orchestrating public information systems
NationalNational information information systems of official systems of official statisticsstatistics and central banks and central banks are coordinated are coordinated on international levelon international level
Mission of official statistics Mission of official statistics in heterogenous in heterogenous international environmentinternational environment
PProducing roducing standardized standardized statistical statistical data data AAccessccessinging complete complete economic and economic and
social social informationinformation on international on international scale,scale,statisticsstatisticsadministrative informationadministrative informationscientific, technical and commercial scientific, technical and commercial
informationinformation Statistics of XIX century should go Statistics of XIX century should go
beyod statistical variablesbeyod statistical variables
Statistical parainformationStatistical parainformation – – the way to go beyond statistical variablesthe way to go beyond statistical variables
Parainformation is the information on Parainformation is the information on • Information systems, Information systems, • Information resources ,Information resources ,• Stakeholders of information systemsStakeholders of information systems
producers, producers, intermediaries,intermediaries, users users
Standardization and harmonization of Standardization and harmonization of parainformation should be the mission parainformation should be the mission of global statistical organizations and of global statistical organizations and NSO’sNSO’s
Functions of parainformationFunctions of parainformation
Standardizing of documenation ofStandardizing of documenation of laws and regulation of information laws and regulation of information
systemssystems official information systems and official information systems and
resources resources
Informing on existing resources of Informing on existing resources of information and metainformationinformation and metainformation
Supporing Supporing retrieval of information and retrieval of information and relevant metainformation relevant metainformation
Joint parainformation platform Joint parainformation platform is is harmoniz harmonizinging international reference international reference information on: information on:
Information laws and regulationsInformation laws and regulations Statistical offices (Statistical offices (NSI’sNSI’s, regional and local units) and its , regional and local units) and its
organizational structureorganizational structuress Metadata bases: classifications, nomenclatures, code lists, Metadata bases: classifications, nomenclatures, code lists,
registers, frames, glossariesregisters, frames, glossaries Statistical surveysStatistical surveys Administrative recordsAdministrative records Administrative data sourcesAdministrative data sources Primary records used as statistical data sourcesPrimary records used as statistical data sources Statistical microdata basesStatistical microdata bases Statistical output data bases and warehousesStatistical output data bases and warehouses Publications containing official statistical informationPublications containing official statistical information Archived statistical filesArchived statistical files Stakeholders of statistical processes: managers of source Stakeholders of statistical processes: managers of source
records, respondents, intermediaries, users (all types) records, respondents, intermediaries, users (all types)
Joint parainformation platform Joint parainformation platform - - ONE WINDOW ONE WINDOW
to to international international information information environmentenvironment
The parainformation platform The parainformation platform is „one is „one window” window” for for navigatinavigatingng in in many different many different national systemsnational systems..
The parainformation The parainformation platform does not platform does not interfere in existing interfere in existing national national laws, laws, procedures and structures of procedures and structures of national national statistical systems of participating countries statistical systems of participating countries and statistical offices. and statistical offices.
Each national statistical agency may take Each national statistical agency may take the decision of the scope of parainformation the decision of the scope of parainformation delivered to the plarformdelivered to the plarform. .
Effects of common parainformation Effects of common parainformation for public sectorfor public sector
Common parainformation platformCommon parainformation platform is the is the most most effective effective tool tool to achievto achieving ing high level of high level of information transparency between countries of information transparency between countries of Eastern Partnership. Eastern Partnership.
The parainformation platform is adjusted The parainformation platform is adjusted to the specificity and constrains of to the specificity and constrains of heterogeneous international heterogeneous international environment.environment.
Harmonizing sHarmonizing statistical parainformation tatistical parainformation and and organizing parainformational organizing parainformational platform shall platform shall benefit to dynamic cooperation benefit to dynamic cooperation between between countries, especially countries, especially in transborder regions. in transborder regions.
National statistical capacityNational statistical capacity
Capacity of NSI’sCapacity of NSI’s Capacity of internal statistical environmentCapacity of internal statistical environment
• Capacity of statistical services of governmentsCapacity of statistical services of governments• Capacity of administrative information systemsCapacity of administrative information systems• National ICT capacity National ICT capacity • Scientific statistical capacity of universities and Scientific statistical capacity of universities and
institutesinstitutes• Statistial capacity and literacy of stakeholders Statistial capacity and literacy of stakeholders
of NSSof NSS Capacity of external statistical environmetCapacity of external statistical environmet
• International organizations and projectsInternational organizations and projects• Foreign and international information systemsForeign and international information systems
Environment of official statisticsEnvironment of official statistics
Normative environmentNormative environment: l: laws regulating aws regulating socio – economic information and their socio – economic information and their practical implementingpractical implementing, i.a. l, i.a. laws on official aws on official statisticsstatistics
Information infrastructure Information infrastructure of of governments, non-profit sectors, governments, non-profit sectors, businesses, households businesses, households
Social environmentSocial environment: : „„sstatistical literacy” tatistical literacy” of governments, businesses , societyof governments, businesses , society
Administrative position of Administrative position of official official statisticsstatistics: : organization, staff, financing, organization, staff, financing, ICTICT. .
„„North” vs. „South” North” vs. „South” models of environment of official statistics models of environment of official statistics
Main differences between Main differences between NorthNorth and and SouthSouth• Model of information infrastructureModel of information infrastructure• Scope of registration of economic and social processes Scope of registration of economic and social processes
by governmentsby governments• Character of institutional interventionism Character of institutional interventionism • Role of global financial sectorRole of global financial sector• Model of information culture and statistical literacyModel of information culture and statistical literacy
„„North”North”• Information infrastructure Information infrastructure supervised by supervised by
central governments covering all spheres of social central governments covering all spheres of social and economic lifeand economic life
• Total registration Total registration of all economic and social of all economic and social processes, by governments and other organizations processes, by governments and other organizations
• Deep institutional interventionism Deep institutional interventionism in all in all pheres of social and economic lifepheres of social and economic life
• Decisive influence of global financial sector Decisive influence of global financial sector on on real sphere of economy and on social life real sphere of economy and on social life
• Active role of official information Active role of official information in social and in social and economic processes economic processes
• Common use of statistical information Common use of statistical information by by governments, businesses and householdsgovernments, businesses and households
• Common use of ICT Common use of ICT by governments, businesses by governments, businesses and households and households
„„South” South” Limited registration and polarizationLimited registration and polarization
Limited registrationLimited registration• Information infrastructure coordinated by governments Information infrastructure coordinated by governments
is is limitedlimited to government units and their functionsto government units and their functions• Registration of social and economic phenomena and Registration of social and economic phenomena and
processes processes limited to facts important for limited to facts important for governmentsgovernments
• Non-registered economyNon-registered economy, , non-registered social non-registered social activities and shadow economyactivities and shadow economy
• Impact of financial insitutions Impact of financial insitutions limitedlimited to governments, to governments, big businesses and relatively small groups of householdsbig businesses and relatively small groups of households
• Deep institutional interventionismDeep institutional interventionism limited to legal limited to legal personspersons
PolarizationPolarization• PolarizationPolarization of statistical literacy of society generating of statistical literacy of society generating
problems of participation in surveys and quality of problems of participation in surveys and quality of informationinformation
• PolarizationPolarization of practical use of ICT (IT exclusion) of practical use of ICT (IT exclusion)• PolarizationPolarization of use of statistics between governments, of use of statistics between governments,
businesses and householdsbusinesses and households
Compatibility and complementarity gaps between Compatibility and complementarity gaps between „North” and „South” - „North” and „South” -
Transfer and absorption of „Nothern” Transfer and absorption of „Nothern” statistical best practices (statistical best practices (based on total registrationbased on total registration) to ) to the „South” is difficult because of: the „South” is difficult because of: • Non – registered economyNon – registered economy• Non registered social phenomena and processesNon registered social phenomena and processes• Incidental participation of households and small Incidental participation of households and small
enterpreneurs in data interchange with enterpreneurs in data interchange with governments and statisticsgovernments and statistics
Statistics of the „South” needs better and Statistics of the „South” needs better and more sophisticated methods more sophisticated methods • frames, sampling procedures, quality control, frames, sampling procedures, quality control,
estimation on the basis of small samplesestimation on the basis of small samples
„„Fjord syndrome”Fjord syndrome”
„„South” – „South” South” – „South” transfer of statistical knowledge transfer of statistical knowledge
Creative adopting of best practices of „North” Creative adopting of best practices of „North” to the specificity of countries of „South”to the specificity of countries of „South”• Statistical agencies of many countries of the Statistical agencies of many countries of the
„South” have expertize and experience „South” have expertize and experience Official statistics of many countries of „South” Official statistics of many countries of „South”
have original knowledge and experience have original knowledge and experience • statistical methods and techniques transferable, statistical methods and techniques transferable,
implementable and implementable and absorbable by other countriesabsorbable by other countries of the „South”of the „South”
Post-transition countries as the N-S bridge Post-transition countries as the N-S bridge • Know-how in „holistic” transforming NSS’s and Know-how in „holistic” transforming NSS’s and
NSI’s NSI’s
Key nodes on critical path Key nodes on critical path of development of official statistics in the „Southern” of development of official statistics in the „Southern”
model of economymodel of economy
Non-registered and shadow economy: Non-registered and shadow economy: fuzzy fuzzy labor labor market, „bazaar”trade, incidental services,market, „bazaar”trade, incidental services, household sector household sector production, unpaid work, poverty , social and economic production, unpaid work, poverty , social and economic polarizationpolarization
Non-registered social processesNon-registered social processes: : vital statistics, vital statistics, migration, access to social servicesmigration, access to social services, retail trade and services, , retail trade and services, household activitieshousehold activities
Weak framesWeak frames - b - builduildinging stronger frames stronger frames in non- in non-registered environmentregistered environment
Estimation and imputation methods and Estimation and imputation methods and techniques based on techniques based on very small samplesvery small samples
Need of resources for monitoring of Need of resources for monitoring of extreme and incidental situations and extreme and incidental situations and processesprocesses
Some conclusionsSome conclusions Methodologists elaborating standards Methodologists elaborating standards
should pay more attention on the specificity should pay more attention on the specificity of „less registered” economies and societiesof „less registered” economies and societies
Need of systematic transfer of best Need of systematic transfer of best practices of more advances NSI’s of the practices of more advances NSI’s of the „South” to other countries (both „South” „South” to other countries (both „South” and„North”)and„North”)
Post-transition statistics may play the role of Post-transition statistics may play the role of bridge between „North” - „South” and bridge between „North” - „South” and „”South” – „South”„”South” – „South”
Kultura statystyczna Kultura statystyczna a władza i administracjaa władza i administracja
Informacja statystyczna to wiedzaInformacja statystyczna to wiedzaaleale
Władza jest substytutem wiedzy Władza jest substytutem wiedzy (Cz. Bobrowski)(Cz. Bobrowski)
Komu Bóg dał władzę, to dał mu i rozum Komu Bóg dał władzę, to dał mu i rozum (przysłowie czeskie)(przysłowie czeskie)
Rozum to rzecz najsprawiedliwiej między Rozum to rzecz najsprawiedliwiej między wszystkich rozdzielona. Bo im więcej go wszystkich rozdzielona. Bo im więcej go kto posiada, tym bardziej uważa, że ma kto posiada, tym bardziej uważa, że ma go nie dość. A im mniej go to posiada, go nie dość. A im mniej go to posiada, tym bardziej jest przekonany, że ma go tym bardziej jest przekonany, że ma go więcej niż inniwięcej niż inni (Pascal, Myśli)(Pascal, Myśli)
Projekt :Projekt :
„„Odpowiedź na wyzwania gospodarki Odpowiedź na wyzwania gospodarki opartej na wiedzy: nowy program opartej na wiedzy: nowy program nauczania na WSHiP”.nauczania na WSHiP”.
Projekt współfinansowany ze środków Unii Projekt współfinansowany ze środków Unii Europejskiej w ramach Europejskiego Europejskiej w ramach Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego.Funduszu Społecznego.
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