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GKB welq wfwËK eB ev bw_c‡Îi Dci †Rvi w`Bwb, eis Avgiv mg¯Í ejKvb GjvKv ‡_‡K bvbv ai‡Yi Z_¨mvgMªx msMÖ‡ni †Póv Kwi| G‡¶‡Î M‡elK‡`i cQ›` AcQ‡›`i w`‡K bRi †`qv nq| d‡j †ckvRxex MÖš’vMvwiK‡`i c‡¶ wbi‡c¶fv‡e Z_¨ msMÖn m¤¢e nq| G jvB‡eªix †Kej e¨enviKvix‡`i Rb¨ Z_¨ msMÖn Ges we‡k−l‡Y wb‡qvwRZ bv †_‡K mywbw`©ó wel‡qi wfwËK cÖKí cwiKíbv, ev¯Íevqb ev M‡elYvq wb‡qvwRZ Kg©xe„‡›`i Kv‡QI Gme Z_¨ †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Q| jvB‡eªix Kg©xe„›` cÖ_g GKwU eo gv‡ci cÖKí Òwec`msKzj Rb‡Mvôx: nZ¨v cieZ©x b¨vqwePvi, Revew`wnZv Ges mvgvwRK cyb:MVb|Ó2 - Gi AvIZvq Òembx‡qv wePviK I AvBbRxex‡`i mv¶vZKvi RwicÓ wk‡ivbv‡gi cÖKí wb‡q KvR K‡i| Avgv‡`i KvR wQj M‡elK‡`i Pvwn`vi Av‡jv‡K Z_¨-DcvË msMªn Kiv, hv Avgiv wbqwgZ fv‡eB msMÖn KiwQjvg| cieZ©x‡Z G Rwic cÖv³b hy‡Mv¯−vwfqvi AvDUixP Kvh©µg cyb:we‡ePbvi †¶‡Î AvšÍR©vwZK †dŠR`vwi Av`vjZ KZ…K e¨eüZ nq| eZ©gv‡b, jvB‡eªix‡Z i‡q‡Q mn‡RB D×vi‡hvM¨ Z_¨ mg„× GK WRb Kw¤úDUvi, hv myweb¨v Ífv‡e bw_cÎ cÖKvk Kivi my‡hvM G‡b w`‡q‡Q| G jvB‡eªix c~e©eZ©x M‡elYv Kvh©µg msµvšÍ Z_¨ Ges we¯ÍvwiZ iƒc‡iLv m¤wjZ GKK msMÖn M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| MÖš’vMvwiK †Kej ¯ÍwcK…Z KvMRc‡Îi gv‡S Kg©iZ GKRb e¨w³B bb&, eis wZwb †m›Uv‡ii wewfbœ cÖK‡íi GKRb mwµq AskMÖnYKvixI e‡U| 6 eQi ci AvR G jvB‡eªix mg¯Í cÖK‡íi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z‡_i¨ GK wekvj Dr†m cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|

1 Sarajlija, Ermin. “Osnovne funkcije i program aktivnosti Centra za ljudska prava Univerzeteta u Sarajevu”

(mviv‡q‡fv wek¦we`¨vjq wnDg¨vb ivBUm& †m›Uv‡ii g~j Kvh©µg I Kg© m~Px). In Ljudska prava u Bosni i Hercegovini poslije

Daytona: od teorije do prakse. Centar za ljudska prava, Sarajevo.

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gvbevwaKvi msµvšÍ MÖš’vMvwiKe„›` †h me ¸bvejx‡Z f~wlZ3:

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• RbM‡Yi wbR¯^ wek¦v‡mi weKvk I cÖKv‡ki ¯vaxbZvq wek¦vmx • ms¯’vi wgk‡bi cÖwZ AKzÉ mg_©b `vb mn e¨enviKvix‡`i cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Y AZy rK…ó cwi‡mev mieivnKvix • cÖhyw³ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ • D™¢veK Ges bZzb bZzb my‡hvM Ges P¨v‡jÄ MÖn‡Y Zrci • jvB‡eªixi evB‡i Ab¨vb¨‡`i mv‡_ mv_©Kfv‡e †hvMv‡hvMKvix • cvi¯úwiK kª×v‡eva ˆZixi gva¨‡g wewfbœ c‡¶i mv‡_ djcÖm~fv‡e KvR Kivq m¶g • mdjZvi mv‡_ `jMZfv‡e KvR Kivq m¶g • ms¯’vi GKRb `¶ Dc‡`óv • Z_¨ Ges jvB‡eªix - mdj †hvMv‡hv‡M wKfv‡e f~wgKv iv‡L †m wel‡q AwfÁ

GKRb gvbevwaKvi MÖš’vMvwiK Avcbvi ms¯’vi Rb¨ wK Ki‡Z cv‡ib? gvbevwaKvi welqK GbwRI‡Z jvB‡eªix ev WKz ‡g‡›Ukvb BDwbU cÖwZôvi ‡cQ‡b eû KviY we`¨gvb| G BDwbU Z_¨ cÖevn‡K mnRZi Ki‡Z cv‡i, hv ‰`bw›`b Kg©Kv‡Ûi Rb¨ mnvqK| ZvQvov ms¯’vi A_© I mgq evuPv‡ZI Zv Kvh©Ki GK cÖwZôvb| G BDwbU wbwðZ K‡i †h mwVK bw_cθ‡jv‡KB †Mvcbxq wnmv‡e †kªYxweb¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| G jvB‡eªix ev BDwbU fwel¨Z cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨I cÖ‡qvRbxq bw_cÎ msi¶Y K‡i |

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GKRb MÖš’vMvwi‡Ki gva¨‡g: • Avcwb Hme g~j¨evb Z_¨ †c‡Z cv‡ib hv ‡Kvb wm×všÍ wb‡Z mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i • Avcwb AviI fvj wm&×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡ib • mgq evuPv‡Z cv‡ib • Avcwb AviI Kvh©Ki fywgKv wb‡Z cv‡ib • Avcbvi KvR hava©fv‡e †kl Ki‡Z cv‡ib • AviI fvj KvR Ki‡Z cv‡ib

Òwe‡kl jvB‡eªix e¨env‡ii 7wU fvj w`KÓ cÖeÜ †_‡K M„nxZ| http:// www.sla.org/content/SLA/professional/meaning/topten. cfm

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gvbevwaKvi msµvšÍ jvB‡eªix cÖwZôv ‡Kvb gvbevwaKvi cÖwZôv‡b eo ai‡Yi WKz ‡g‡›Ukvb †m›Uvi cÖwZôvi PvB‡Z GLv‡b Avgiv wKfv‡e †QvU GKwU jvB‡eªix ¯’vcb Kiv hvq Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie| G‡¶‡Î me‡_‡K ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvR nj MÖš’vMvwi‡Ki f~wgKv wba©viY, hv cieZ©x‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx m¤cÖmviY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| hZ¶Y Zv bv nq GKwU gvÎ †jv‡Ki G ai‡Yi f~wgKv cªwZôv‡bi Kv‡R wekvj cÖfve ivL‡Z cv‡i| GKwU jvB‡eªixi Rb¨ by bZg hv `iKvi Zv nj: mwVK e¨w³ (A_ev Rbej), h‡_ô ¯’vb Ges DcKiY, ch©vß eB-cy ͇Ki msMÖn, I‡qemvBU, mwVK mdUIq¨vi Ges B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM|

MÖš’vMvwi‡Ki `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ GKRb MÖš’vMvwiK‡K Aek¨B ‡KŠZznjx, cÖvYešÍ, cÖÁvm¤úbœ, D`¨gx nIqvi cvkvcvwk ms¯’v‡K Gme ¸YMZ cwi‡mev †`qvi †¶‡Î n‡Z n‡e fxlY AvMÖnx| Av`k©MZfv‡e Bwb n‡eb GKRb †ckvRxex MÖš’vMvwiK A_ev AvwK©wf÷| ‡mUv bv n‡j i‡q‡Q Dchy³ cÖwk¶‡Yi my‡hvM| G‡¶‡Î ms ’v gvbevwaKvi wel‡q wkw¶Z Ges Z_¨ cÖhyw³‡Z AvMÖnx †Kvb e¨w³ A_ev AwfÁ †Kvb cÖv³b gvbevwaKvi Kg©x A_ev ms¯’vi †Kvb Kg©x‡K cÖwk¶K wnmv‡e wbhy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avgvi aviYv †gvUvgywU 80 kZvsk M‡elK Z_¨ msMÖ‡n mgq AwZevwnZ K‡ib| cÖK…Z A‡_© ms¯’vq msiw¶Z WKz ‡g›U¸‡jv KvD‡K bv KvD‡K ‡`Lv‡kvbv Ki‡ZB n‡e| Avcbvi ms¯’v hv ˆZix K‡i Zv Lye g~j¨evb: †m¸‡jv jyKv‡bv ev nviv‡bv wVK n‡e bv, KviY Avcbvi Rvbv †bB †K Gi †_‡K DcK„Z n‡eb| GUv my úófv‡eB ejv hvq †h, GgbwK ¶z ªZg †emiKvwi Ges miKvwi gvbevwaKvi ms¯’v¸‡jvI mwVK WKz ‡g‡›Ukvb c×wZ Ges Zv cwiPvjbvq `¶ e¨w³i Afv‡e nvwi‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni `vwqZ¡ A‡a©KB †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i †Kvb MÖš’vMvwiK‡K, hv Z_¨ we‡k−l‡Y wb‡qvwRZ M‡el‡Ki Rb¨ cÖPzi mgq evuPv‡e| D`vniY ¯^iƒc, MÖš’vMvwiK Awdwkqvj WKz ‡g‡›Ui Kwc, cwimsL¨vb WvUv, wewfbœ Pzw³ I AvBb welqK bw_cÎ, †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ bv‡gi ZvwjKv, †dvb bv¤vi, wVKvbv Ges Rxeb PwiZ BZ¨vw` AbymÜvb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| c¶všÍ‡i, gwbUwis, mv¶vZKvi Ges gvV ch©v‡q AbymÜvbx Z‡_¨i gZ ms‡e`bkxj Z_¨ AbymÜv‡b gvbevwaKvi we‡klÁ m‡Pó n‡Z cv‡ib| eZ©gv‡b GKRb MÖš’vMvwiK eB-cy ÍK Ges Z_¨-DcvË msMÖn ev‡`I wb‡gœi `vwhZ¡mg~n cvjb K‡ib:

• mywbw`©ó Z‡_¨i Rb¨ M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b ‰Zix Kiv • GKB Kv‡Ri cybie„wË Gov‡Z Ab¨vb¨ ms¯’vi M‡elYv Kvh©µg wPwýZ Kiv • wb‡Ri Ges Ab¨b¨ ms¯’vi cÖKvkbv I wi‡cvU©mg~‡ni welqe ‘ hvPvB Kiv • ‡Kvb mdUIq¨vi ‡Kbvi Av‡M Zv g~j¨vqb I hvPvB evQvB Kiv • AbjvBb WvUv‡e‡Ri my ¶ I e¨qmsKzj e¨env‡i Ab¨vb¨ Kg©x‡`i‡K cÖwk¶Y †`qv 6

6 “Pecial librarians, putting knowledge to work”

http://www.sla.org/contents/SLA/professional/meaning/what/index.cfm MÖš’vMvwi‡Ki cÖv_wgK `vwqZ¡mg~n‡K g~jZ wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq:

o Z_¨ DcvË msMÖn I g~j¨vqb o Z_¨ DcvË web¨¯ÍKiY o Z_¨ DcvË weZiY

Z_¨ DcvË msMÖn I g~j¨vqb GKRb MÖš’vMvwi‡Ki cÖ_g KvRB nj Z_¨ DcvË msMÖ‡ni gva¨‡g jvB‡eªix‡K mymw¾Z K‡i †Zvjv| ywU m~Î †_‡K Zv msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i - GKwU nj H mg Í Z_¨ mvgMÖx hv ms¯’vi nv‡Z B‡Zvg‡a¨B i‡q‡Q, Ab¨wU bZzb Dcv`vb mg~n hv wKb‡Z n‡e| Avcbvi ms¯’vq Aek¨B wewfbœ cª‡qvRbxq Z_¨ Dcv`vb Pvwiw`‡K Qwo‡q wQwU‡q i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv msMÖnc~e©K Ab¨vb¨ Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv mv‡c‡¶ Avcbv‡K wm×všÍ wb‡Z n‡e †Kvb¸‡jv ivLv hv‡e, Avi †Kvb¸‡jv ev` w`‡Z n‡e| Avcbvi ms¯’vi eZ©gvb Ges fwel¨Z cwiKíbv welqK cwjwm Abyhvqx bZzb Dcv`vbmg~n †Kbv `iKvi| (Kv‡jKkvb ‡Wfjc‡g›U cwjwm ˆZixi wb‡`©wkKv †c‡Z cwiwkó 1 Gi †idv‡iÝ ZvwjKv †`Lyb) ‡Kvb wKQy msMÖn Kivi Av‡M MÖš’vMvwiK Aek¨B M‡elKe„‡›`i Kv‡Q Zvi g~j¨ we‡k−lY Ki‡eb: LwZ‡q †`L‡eb Z_¨ wbf©i‡hvM¨, wbi‡c¶, h_v_© Ges msw¶ß wKbv! Avi Zv Ki‡Z n‡e Ab¨vb¨ Kg©x eÜz‡`i Nwbó mn‡hvwMZvq|

Z_¨ DcvË web¨¯ÍKiY cÖKvkbv mvgMÖx msMÖ‡ni ci GKRb MÖš’vMvwi‡Ki cieZ©x ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KZ©e¨ nj Zv DËgiƒ‡c mvwR‡q ivLv †hb by bZg mg‡qi cÖ‡Póvq Zv cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i7| Gi A_© MÖš’vMvwiK †kªYxweb¨v‡mi eo †Kvb c×wZ Abymv‡i welqwfwËK †KvW bv¤vi †`‡eb| eZ©gv‡b †kªYxweb¨v‡mi wewfbœ c×wZ i‡q‡Q| AwaKvsk miKvwi Ges ‰eÁvwbK jvB‡eªix‡Z wWDB †Wwmg¨vj K¬vwmwd‡Kkvb (wWwWwm), BDwbfv©mvj †Wwmg¨vj K¬vwmwd‡Kkvb (BDwWwm) A_ev jvB‡eªix Ae Ks‡MÖm K¬vwmwd‡Kkvb w¯‹g c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq| Z‡e gvbevwaKv‡ii †¶‡Î c×wZ Abym„Z nq wbR¯^ cÖ‡qvRb g‡Z| wnDg¨vb ivBUm WKz ‡g‡›Ukv‡bi Rb¨ K¬vwmwd‡Kkvb w¯‹g cÖYqbKvix Bfvbv K¨vwmqvi g‡Z: Òm¤¢ve¨ me ai‡Yi m¤cÖmviY I eR©b AvMvg Abyavebc~e©K ‰eÁvwbK Dcv‡q kvLv-DckvLv Abyhvqx gvbexq Áv‡bi mgMÖ welqmg~‡ni bvg ZvwjKv I web¨v‡mi †¶‡Î Dc‡ii c×wZ¸‡jv n‡jv mgwšZ c×wZ| GQvovI i‡q‡Q mywbw ©ó c×wZmg~n †hLv‡b wewfbœ ‡kªYx Ges welq¸‡jv‡K µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡bv nq we‡kl ˆewkó¨, j¶Y ev cÖ‡qvM m¤úwK©Z m¤ú‡K©i wfwˇZ, hv ‡Kvb mywbw ©ó wel‡qi wewfbœ Dcv`vbmg~n‡K GKwÎZ K‡i| mywbw ©ó ev wewfbœ Dcv`vb m¤wjZ welqwfwËK msMÖn µgea©gvbfv‡e e„w× cvIqvi d‡j wPivPwiZ ‡kªYxweb¨vm c×wZ¸‡jv‡K ev` w`‡q bw_ cÖYqbKvix Ges MÖš’vMvwiKe„›` wb‡RivB wewfbœ ‡kªYxweb¨vm c×wZ D™¢veb K‡ib| D`vniY¯^iƒc, wWwWwm †KejgvÎ ÔMY AwaKviÕ G cwifvlv D‡j−L Qvov gvbevwaKv‡ii ‡Kvb Aw¯ÍZ¡ ¯xKvi K‡i bv| 8Ó wVK Gme Kvi‡YB gvbevwaKvi msµvšÍ Z_¨ DcvË web¨¯ÍKi‡Y †kªYxweb¨v‡mi c„_K c„_K c×wZ ˆZix Kiv nq †hgb:

• gvbevwaKvi msµvšÍ bw_c‡Îi Rb¨ K¬vwmwd‡Kkvb ¯‹xg (www.huridocs. org/clasengl.htm in

English or www.huridocs.org/clasfran.htm in French); • ivDj Iqv‡jbevM© Bwbw÷wUDU K¬vwmwd‡Kkvb ¯‹xg

( www.rwi.lu.se/LIBRARY/Clasif.htm.);

• ivDj Iqv‡jbevM© Bwbw÷wUDU K¬vwmwd‡Kkvb Gi ms‡kvwaZ ms®‹iY wnDg¨vb ivBUm& †m›Uvi mviv‡q‡fv K¬vwmwd‡Kkvb ¯‹xg (Aby‡iva mv‡c‡¶ cÖvc¨)

• KvDwÝj Ae BD‡ivc wnDg¨vb ivBUm& jvB‡eªix‡ZI UDC e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q (info.coe. int/site2/collections/hrplan/HR_classificaion.pdf)

7 ibid., c„ôv 18 8K¨vwmqv, Bfvbv| ÒgvbevwaKvi msµvšÍ Z_¨ mvgMÖx evQvB I msi¶‡Y welq wfwËK †kªYxweb¨v‡mi GKwU c×wZÓ| (http://www.huridocs.org/cacciaen.htm.)

cwiwkó 1 G AviI †kªYxweb¨vm c×wZ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Z_¨ DcvË weZiY †Kej Z_¨ mvgMÖx msMÖn Ges msi¶YB h‡_ô bq, ‡jv‡Ki gv‡S Zv weZiYI Kiv `iKvi, Avi GUvB GKRb MÖš’vMvwi‡Ki g~j `vwqZ¡| Z_¨ weZi‡Yi i‡q‡Q bvbv Dcvq, †hgb: mv¤cÖwZK wel‡q m‡PZbZv cwi‡mev: GUvB MÖš’vMvwi‡Ki Rb¨ mePvB‡Z Kvh©Ki Dcvq hvi gva¨‡g ms¯’vi Kg©x‡`i Kv‡Q Z_¨ †cŠuQv‡bv m¤¢e nq Ges mnKg©x‡`i‡K Zv‡`i Kg© GjvKvi Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Kiv hvq| MÖš’vMvwiK cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Rb¨ Zv‡`i Pvwn`v Ges eZ©gvb cÖKí m¤wjZ †cÖvdvBj ˆZix K‡ib| †Kvb Z_¨ (eB, cÖeÜ, c¨vgd‡jU,

I‡qemvBU) KviI †cÖvdvB‡ji mv‡_ wg‡j †M‡j MÖš’vMvwiK Zr¶Yvr Zv‡K mZK© K‡ib, hv †Kvb bZzb Z_¨ mvgMÖx G‡j B-†gBj cvwV‡q ¯qswµqfv‡e Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Avevi MÖš’vMvwiK wb‡RI Zv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ‡idv‡iÝ mvwf©m: Mªš’vMvwiK e¨enviKvix‡`i wewfbœ cÖ‡kœiI DËi w`‡q _v‡Kb| G cwi‡mev GKwU ms¯’vi Dci weivU cÖfve †d‡j| Ò †idv‡iÝ mvwf©m mnR †Kvb cÖ‡kœi DËi †`qv †_‡K †Kvb Z‡_¨i e¨vcK AbymÜvb ch©šÍ we¯—…Z| G AbymÜv‡bi AvIZvq cwimsL¨vb QvovI i‡q‡Q wbLyZ fv‡e we‡k−wlZ cÖeÜ, WKz ‡g›U, eB-cy ÍK, ¯§viK, Kw¤úDUvi WvUv‡e‡Ri djvdj BZ¨vw`9|Ó ‡idv‡iÝ mvwf©m m¤‡Ü AviI Rvb‡Z cwiwkó 1 †`Lyb|

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15 Ibid. c¨vwUªK ej (wcGBP. wW) n‡jb mv‡qÝ G¨vÛ wnDg¨vb ivBUm& †cÖvMÖv‡gi Dc cwiPvjK| 1991 mvj †_‡K wZwb Gj mvjfv`i, Bw_Iwcqv, ¸qv‡Zgvjv, nvBwZ, `w¶Y Avwd«Kv Ges K‡mv‡fv †Z Aew¯’_ Uzª_ Kwgkb, wePvivjq Ges RvwZmsN wgkb mg~‡ni eo gv‡ci gvbevwaKvi DcvË welqK cÖK‡íi Rb¨ Z_¨ e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZ cÖYqb Ges cwigvbMZ we‡k−lY Kvh©µg m¤úbœ Ki‡Qb| 16 Ibid

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AbjvBb †PK Ki“b| Dwj−wLZ wWMÖx QvovI i‡q‡Q ¯í †gqv`x †Kvm© ev mvgvi ¯‹zj| AvBb msKªvšÍ Z_¨ we‡klÁ‡`i R‡b¨ G¨vmvi K‡jR BD‡ivc GKwU cªwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i Av‡qvRb K‡i _v‡K|(www.asser.nl/deucatio/acelib.htm)| wZb mßv‡ni G †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨ nj MÖš’vMvwiK‡`i‡K AvšÍR©vwZK AvBb msµvšÍ welqvw` we‡klZ BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb WKz ‡g‡›Ukvb Ges EU AvBwb AeKvVv‡gv Z_v wek¦ evwYR¨ ms¯’v, KvDwÝj Ae BD‡ivc Ges RvwZms‡Ni AvBwb AeKvVv‡gv m¤ú‡K© `¶ K‡i †Zvjv| we‡kl †Kv‡m©i Rb¨ mvgvi ¯‹z‡ji wWwRUvj jvB‡eªixi AbjvBb cwis.kub.nl/~ticer/summer02/form.htm.‡PK Ki“b| my ¶ MÖš’vMvwiK m¤wjZ wKQy gvbevwaKvi cÖwZôvb gvbevwaKvi msµvšÍ WKz¨‡g‡›Ukvb Ges jvB‡eªixqvbkx‡ci Rb¨ wewfbœ †Kv‡m©i Av‡qvRb K‡i _v‡K| ‡hgb, W¨vwbk †m›Uvi di wnDg¨vb ivBUm& (www.humanrights.dk) | AviI Z‡_¨i Rb¨ wnDg¨vb ivBUm WKz ‡g‡›Ukvb †Kvm© †cR - www.humanrights.dk/calendar/all/doccourse/?print=1 ‡`Lyb| HURIDOCS ¯’vbxq Ges AvÂwjK gvbevwaKvi ms¯’vmg~‡ni mn‡hvwMZvq we‡k¦i wewfbœ ¯’v‡b cÖwk¶Y †Kvm© Ges Kg©kvjvi Av‡qvRb K‡i _v‡K|(www.huridocs.org/training.htm)| G cÖwk¶Y¸‡jv gvbevwaKvi ms¯’vmg~‡n Kg©iZ bw_ cÖYqbKvix Ges Z_¨ Kg©x‡`i mnvqK n‡q _v‡K| 5 ‡_‡K 10 w`‡bi G cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©¸‡jv‡Z M‡o 15 †_‡K 20 Rb Ask wb‡q _v‡K| WKz ‡g‡›Ukvb Ges Z_¨ e¨e¯’vcbvi bvbv wel‡q w` KvbvWv - BD Gm wnDg¨vb ivBUm& Bbdi‡gkvb G¨vÛ WKz ‡g‡›Ukvb †bUIqvK©I wewfbœ cÖwk¶‡Yi Av‡qvRb K‡i _v‡K| G QvovI Avcwb wewfbœ †Kvm© m¤ú‡K© ¯’vbxq A_ev RvZxq jvB‡eªix G¨v‡mvwm‡qkv‡b †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

‡hvM w`b! GKRb MÖš’vMvwiK‡K ¯’vbxq, RvZxq ev AvšÍR©vwZK jvB‡eªix G¨v‡mvwm‡qkv‡bi m`m¨ n‡Z n‡e| hv Zv‡K bZzb mnKg©x‡`i KvQ †_‡K A‡bK wKQy wkL‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Zv‡`i †KD †KD Avevi Avcbv‡K jvB‡eªix cÖwZôvqI mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i| w` †¯úkvj jvB‡eªixm& G¨v‡mvwm‡qkvb (www.sla.org) wefvM we‡klfv‡e GKK MÖš’vMvwiK‡`i Rb¨B cÖ‡hvR¨| G¨v‡mvwm‡qkv‡b †hvM`v‡bi mydjmg~n wbgœiƒc: o GKB welq wb‡q KvR Ki‡Q Ggb mnKg©x‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kiv hvq o G¨v‡mvwm‡qkvb KZ…K cÖKvwkZ mvgwqKxmg~‡ni gva¨‡g Z_¨ RM‡Zi mv¤úªwZK Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv hvq o wewfbœ †Kvm©, m‡¤§jb Ges Abyôv‡bi msev` cÖvwß mnRZi nq o G¨v‡mvwm‡qkvb KZ…K Av‡qvwRZ `yi-wk¶Y †cÖvMÖv‡g AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM cvIqv hvq

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cwiwkó 1 mycvwikK…Z cvV¨µg jvB‡eªix cwi‡mev Avn‡i݇dì, Rv‡bU Gj, wµqv÷vbmb, Gwjb we, wKs, †WwfW B, Ges †¯úkvj jvB‡eªixR G¨v‡mvwm‡qkvb| ‡¯úkvj jvB‡eªixR: G MvBW di g¨v‡bR‡g›U| wØZxq ms®‹iY, IqvwksUb wW.wm. †¯úkvj jvB‡eªixR G¨v‡mvwm‡qkvb; 1986| weK‡dvW© jyBm| Ò wnDg¨vb ivBUm AvK©vBfm& G¨vÛ wimvP© Ab wn‡÷vwiKvj †ggix: Av‡R©w›Ubv, wPwj Ges Di“¸‡qÓ| j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKvb wimvP© wiwfD 35 (2000) 160| evKj¨Û, gvB‡Kj| wiwWRvBwbs jvB‡eªix mvwf©‡mm: G g¨vwb‡d‡÷v| http://sunsite.

berkeley.edu/Literature/Library/Redesigning/html.html.

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G¨v‡mvwm‡qkvb †evW© Ae wW‡i±im G †ckK…Z| http://www.sla.org/content/SLA/porfessional/meaning/competency.cfm

‡`ew¯‹, wkìv| w` wn‡Wb BDRvi: †cÖvfvBwWs G¨vb B‡dw±f mvwf©m Uz BDRvim Ae B‡j±ªwbK Bbd‡g©kvb| IwmGjwm wm‡÷gm& G¨vÛ mvwf©‡mm (2000), fwjDg. 16 bs 4, wcwc 175-180| ‡Mvgv©b gvB‡Kj| Òw` dvBf jR Ae jvB‡eªix mv‡qÝ: †`b G¨Û bvD|Ó ¯‹zj jvB‡eªix Rvb©vj (RyjvB 1998) fwjDg 44, Bmy 7, c„ôv 20-23| ¸Rg¨vb, g¨vby‡qj, G¨Û fv÷©v‡cb, evU©| Ò †nvqvU BR WKy ‡g‡›Ukvb?Ó wnDwiW·, 2001| http:// www. huridocs. org.

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‡gBb‡dvì, G¨vjvb| ÒG wcÖwÝcvì G¨v‡cÖvP Uz wm‡jw±s G¨vb A‡Uv‡g‡UW wm‡÷gÓ| jvB‡eªix nvB †UK (2000), fwjDg 18, bs 2, c„óv 119-129| AWwjR‡Kv, G¨vÛªy| Ò wmwjKb wWªgm& G¨vÛ wmwjKb weª·: w` Kw›UwbDBs Bfjy kvb Ae jvB‡eªixR| ÒjvB‡eªix †UªÛm (mvgvi 1997), fwjDg 46, Bmy 1, c„: 152| ‡ivwj, †Rwbdvi| Ò b‡jR AM©vbvB‡Rkvb di G wbD wg‡jwbqvg: wcÖwÝcvj&m G¨vÛ †cÖv‡m‡mmÓ|Rvb©vj Ae b‡jR g¨v‡bR‡g›U (2000) fwjDg 4, bs 3, c„: 217-223| wmi, wR‡Uj| Ò‡¯úkvj jvB‡eªix wdbvbwkqvj g¨v‡bR‡g›U: w` G‡mbwkqvj&m Ae jvB‡eªix ev‡RwUsÓ| w` eUg jvBb: g¨v‡bwRs jvB‡eªix dvBb¨v‡Ým (2000), fwjDg 13, Bmy 4| wm‡gvi, †R.Gj. G¨vÛ ¸Wg¨vb, G.Gm.ÒWKz ‡gw›Us †WRvU© ÷g©: G¨vR Iqvi G¨v‡cÖvP&W, wgwjUvix jvB‡eªixqÝ †dm&W w` cÖ‡e−g Ae †nvqvU Uzª Wy wUj w` B‡Û· †MgÓ| Av‡gwiKvb jvB‡eªixR ( RyjvB/AvM÷ 1991),fwjDg 22, Bmy 7, c„. 64| dvBwÛs G¨Û Bf¨vjy ‡qkvb Bbd‡g©kvb Ò weAvBwR6: G¨vb Bbd‡g©kvb cÖ‡e−g mjwfs cÖ‡mmÓ http://www.big6. com.

Òeywjqvb mvwm©s Ab w` B›Uvi‡bUÓ| http://library.albany. edu/internet/boolean.html.

B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g Z_¨ AbymÜvb: G wUD‡Uvwiqvj B‡›UªvWvK&kvb Uz w` B›Uvi‡bU| mvP© BwÄb, mv‡â± wW‡i±wiR, †Uwej K‡¤úqvwis Uzjm&, M−mvwi, we¯ÍvwiZ mvwP©s Bb÷ªK&kvbm Ges †MUI‡q mvBUm wj¼m e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g Z_¨vbmÜvb Kiv| www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/FindInfo.html. dY©vwmqvix, P¨vwim, BwU GGj| Ò w` GR Ae K¬vUvi: KÛvw±s B‡dw±f wimvP© BDwRs w` B›Uvi‡bUÓ| Rvbv©j Ae g¨v‡bR‡g›U GWy ‡Kkvb (wW‡m¤vi 1999), fwjDg 23, bs 6, c„: 732-742|

ÒMvBW Uz B‡dw±f mvwP©s Ae w` B›Uvi‡bUÓ http://www. brightplanet.

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Ò B›Uvi‡bU wW‡iw±f: G¨vb B›UviG¨vw±f wUD‡Uvwiqvj Ab Bf¨vjy‡qwUs w` †KvqvwjwU Ae B›Uvi‡bU wi‡mv‡P©mÓ| †cÖv‡R± wWBGmAvBAviB| http://www.sosig.ac.uk/desire/Internet-detective.html

B‡›UªvWvK&kvb Uz mvP© BwÄbm: G¨vb B‡›UªvWvKkvb, wiwfD G¨Û K¤ú¨vwikvb Ae w` †gRi mvP© BwÄbm| Kvbmvm& wmwU cvewjK jvB‡eªix| http://www.kcpl.lib.mo.us/search/searchengines.html.

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f¨vb wiRev‡R©b, wm.†R.| Ò mvP© ÷ª v‡UwRmÓ| Bbd‡g©kvb wiwUªf¨vj| http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/Keith/Chapter.5/Ch.5.html.

UvBbvi im|Ò wm¼ Ai myBg: B›Uvi‡bU mvP© Uzjm G¨vÛ †UwKè·Ó| fvm©vb 5.0, w¯cÖs 2001|

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