Y y Ô# Ø çF - Al Islam Online48 ALHAJ HAKEEM NOOR-UD-DEEN Khalifatul Mashih I þ 7 Ł^‡þn‡þ...

Ú�ÓçFéY2008 #Ô�y

û1ü

5,6 YÑg{ 2008 #Ô�y Z/ —?çE~F 1387 ]ÔZˆy ó.27¢

·Z�³™r¤CÙ :Hx Þ,†]á…Úr×‹ì‚]Ý]ŸuÛ‚mäeã^…l ‘‚

]m;m9þ³†Â_^ð]ÖÛrngÖçáú

Þ^ñþ³fnà«YZÅ:ö XZŒg~ÔeZËYzhZ£Ô%y‡Šgz

·âgZ−+*Ü : Á±æZ£�7g~ÔwZ£{ŠxÔâhZ£aÔ

X Æ‰¤gtZ£Ô%hZ£eZgÔ±Z§YZ−+: >ZŠZg]

¦Z£�Ûc : ZÚ,Zic±ZÚiZ£ : ìi8gZY;Zv{yZ$h45¿.ç

EFGHÔ”tZ£{y : Ší~Zñg

Ší>}ZxZÑ£t¸g] : £xZ�á®]pÚnØ]m;…m‹

[email protected]]Þ9†Þn8]m;m�à

http://www.alislam.org/mishkat

‰^ŸÞäe‚Ùô]�j†]Õc�Šw™ $ Z%k 30 Ûzyo: gz[ 120 Z0gzyo:

gz[ 10 7°6p:

*yóg|Z]ÆZ°gzìÑ]Ðg‚!»Z·t¢zg~7ì

LL¸ñVÅZ&bâ�ZâVÅZ&bÆ

%7ƒ$Ëóó)|]�ñúŠñ(

2 Wc]ZÅWyXZÎcZÉ4-öEOE~ þ

3 mZ?x ð¯xZÑâxZŒ~ þ4 ZiZÃŸ]±*|]7Ò3ªî E

GEGZÅ.o-

÷GZÓéZ&åGO{Zv¬\ þ5 ZŠZgt þ8 Ä þ9 |]Z1–ñÐ|]7Ò3ªî E

GEGZÅ.o-

÷GZÑÍwÅx¹ þ15 Z�ZxÜÄZzg|]�ñúŠñ þ21 §]©XZz™sq{ þ27 ZqlkgZÉ þ30 Z§Yñë

GW þ

33 Ã²)454jè FGHIE'ZñZCw þ

35 g‚!Zßr3ïGOG~ÂÄzr3ïGOGZzgÂÄÜÄ»Òyì þ38 17250@17237 z™c þ48 ALHAJ HAKEEM NOOR-UD-DEEN

Khalifatul Mashih I þ

7 •þ³nþ³^µþ³^�þ³nþ³^

Printed at Fazle Umar Printing Press Qadian and Issued from Office Majlis Khuddamul Ahmadiyya Qadian (Pb) by : Munir Ahmad Hafizabadi M.A Printer & Publisher

( ÜÄZ£!îGOœ‚!�©»‚wœIguƒ )

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.alislam.org/mishkat


û2ü

�m^l]ÖÏö†�áæøÂø³‚ø]Ö³×#³äö]Ö$„ôm»àø!Úøßöç»]Úôß»ÓöÜ»æøÂøÛô×öç]Ö’#×ôvFkôÖønøŠ»jøí»×ôËøß$ãöÜ»Êôo]Ÿ»ø…»šôÒøÛø^]‰jøí»×ôÌø]Ö$„ôm»àøÚôà»Îøf»×ôãôÜ»

møÃ»fö‚öæ»Þøßôo»Ÿømö�»†ôÒöç»áøeôo»½

æøÖønö³Ûø³Óôùßøà$ÖøãöÜ»�ôm»ßøãöÜö]Ö$„ôp»]…»iø–FoÖøãöÜ»æøÖønöfø‚ôùÖøß$ãöÜ»Úôùà»eøÃ»‚ôìøç»ÊôãôÜ»]øÚ»ß÷^ ”

O æøÚøà»ÒøËø†øeøÃ»‚øƒFÖôÔøÊøöæÖ5òôÔøâöÜö]Ö»ËFŠôÏöç»áø ½ �øn»ò÷^(56 )Îg>Z‡g:

FÀ:?~Ð�ßvZZyÑñZzg(ZqwOÑñZyÐZvä¢z°{Hì�Z7¢zgi}~Ñ¯ñÇ6�ZkäZyÐ¬ßÍVÃÑ¯cZzgQyÆnZyÆŠ+Ã�QkäZyÆaIHÔ¢zg

5«™}ÇZzgQyÆpsÅqªÆ¢zgZ7ZðÅqª~$wŠ}ÇXz{÷~„Š]™,ÐXZzg÷}‚BËÃÑq7IZNÐZzg�ZkÆÌ*]~™}Â¸z{ßv��*�Ûây�X

]øÞË^ï]Ößfo"#Âø³à»uö³„øm»³Ëøèø…ø•ô³oø]Ö×#äöÂøß»äöÎø^ÙøVÎø^Ùø…ø‰öç»Ùö]Ö×#äô‘øØ$]Ö×#äöÂø×øn»äôæø‰ø×$ÜøiøÓöç»áö]Ößöföç$éöÊôn»ÓöÜ»Úø^�ø«ðø]Ö×#äö]øá»iø³Óö³ç»áø$öÜ$mø†»ÊøÃöãø^]Ö×#äöiøÃø^ÖFo$öÜ$iøÓöç»áöìô¡øÊøèºÂø×FoÚôß»ãø^tô]Öß%föç$éôÚø^�ø«ðø]Ö×#äö]øá»iøÓöç»áø$öÜ$mø†»ÊøÃöãø^]Ö×#äöiøÃø^ÖFo$öÜ$iøÓöçûáöÚö×ûÓ÷Âø^•÷$öÜ$mø†»ÊøÃöãø^]Ö×#äöiøÃø^ÖFFo$öÜ$iøÓöç»áøÚö×»Ó÷^qøf»†ôm$è÷ÊønøÓöç»áöÚø^�ø^ðø]Ö×#äö]øá»møÓöç»áø$öÜ$mø†»ÊøÃöãø^]Ö×#äiøÃø^ÖFo$öÜ$iøÓöç»áöìô¡øÊøèºÂø×FoÚôß»ãø^tô]Öß%föç$éô$öÜ$‰øÓøkø

FÀ:|]vfgèZvÅÒy™D��WÀ]-ZvmzÅä�Ûâc?~t]‡ìgìÏZJZveìÇQz{ZkÃZVáÇZzgÜÄZÛ`ZÉ43ðEEO>‡ìƒÏXQZv¬\ZebZkÚÃÌZVáÇX

QZjZg‚V!Š�á>Ø‡ìƒÏZzgAJg45Àö XGY

ZJZveìÇXZtŠzg»ƒÇÂZkÐÌ(|™Y'!Š�á>Ø‡ìƒÏZzgAJgìÏZJZv¬\eìÇQz{Õ0ÆZkŠzgÃ»™Š}ÇXTÆˆQt]Æ§&6ÜÄ‡ìƒÏXt�Ûâ™W\-ZvmzÅ{ñlƒ‰X

( e^hö]ŸÞ„]…ôæø]Öj$v»„ôm»† ½> 273™4 )µZ£0I¢



û3ü

¯xZÑâxZŒ~mZ?x

LL'+£éG

g}nŠzu~Šg]»Š9Ì¢zg~ìXZzgZk»W*'+£éG

g}n4ìXYèz{ŠZEìT»Ÿª#ÖJ{7ƒÇXóó

LL~}ZÅ§sÐZqŠg]Æg8~ªCÙƒZZzg~}ZÅZqïŠg]ƒVZzg÷}ˆ‰Zzgz�ŠƒVÐ�Šzu~Šg]»1ƒVÐXÎ?}ZÅŠg]UãÆZOg~ZNƒ™Š¬™DgƒZzge’�CÙZq™GÅ)®CÙZqo~ZNƒ™Š¬~Ñg�@Šzu~Šg]W�yÐ*iwƒZzg»Š3Š}�vgZ}ZZ(‡Šg}Zì'}Z¬\eLì�ZyÓxgzjVÃ�i}ÅºtW!Š-V~W!Š�H-g\ZzgHZ¨XZyƒÃ�(¡]gn�Â©Å§s

QZzgZLÈzVÃŠ+zZu6¦™}X¸}Z¬\»ÑìTÆn~Š*~5ŠXÎ?ZkÑÅcz~™zX13òZzgZÜtZzgŠ¬îV6izgŠ¶ÐZzgZJÃð}ZÐgzbZ;k0™9Z:ƒƒ÷}ï™»x™zX

(306-307™ 20 g‚!Zß¤gzqã�Zí¢Z}³mz!Z�Š*Ð<Zv¸ì�}Z¬\ŠzŠg'Šî@ì@#|VÅŠzÑKpìVÃ0âw™Æ .......L

Šîz}XÎZ[e7ì�}Z¬\ZKŠ*<ÃFu™Š}z}XZkn?÷~Zk!]Ð�~ä'+£éG

g}0kÒyÅâ#ÖƒXZzg'+£é Gg}Šw6.y:ƒYNXYè'+£é

Gg}nŠzu~Šg]»Š9Ì¢zg~ìXZzgZk»W*

'+£éG

g}n4ìXYèz{ŠZEìT»Ÿª#ÖJ{7ƒÇXZzgz{Šzu~Šg]7W$ËZJ~:YƒVXp~ZYƒVÇÂQ}ZZkŠzu~Šg]Ã'+£é

Gg}nŸŠ}Ç�å'+£é Gg}‚BgìÏX6�'Z�Z£t~z°{

ìXZzgz{z°{÷~fZ]ÅÚ7É'+£éG

g~Úz°{ìX6�}Z�Ûâ@ì�~Zk)®Ã�¾}cz�ª#ÖJŠzuzV6„ŠzVÇXÎ¢zgì�?6÷~]Zð»ŠyWz}@ˆZkÆz{ŠyWz}�ŠZEz°{»ŠyìXz{øgZ}Zz°zV»CZzgzÃŠZgZzg™Št}ZìXz{ƒ¼"ŠîñÇT»Zkäz°{�ÛâcìXZ¤ptŠyŠ*ÆWy~Šy�Zzg

¹šN�XÆ4zw»z‰Üì6¢zgì�tŠ*‡ìgìXZJz{Óx!'7g~:ƒYNXÅ}ZäŠ~X~}ZÅ§sÐZqŠg]Æg8~ªCÙƒZZzg~}ZÅZqïŠg]ƒVZzg÷}‰Zzgz�ŠƒVÐ�Šzu~Šg]»1ƒVÐX

603( - )fZ!gzqã�Zí¢02g‚!Zß¤D403



û4ü

ZiZÃŸ]¦*|]7Ò3ªî EGEGZÅ.o-

÷GZÓéZh{Zv¬\ÒÓZ+m

LLtŠzgÜÄW\Å±Šg±Šg±Zzg"ÑgYVJ−Y*ìXZy�áYZv¬\Æº�W\ÌnZzg¾ò6‡ìgìXóó

LLtŠg]U6tÜÄ»ÂxZ[Zy�áYZv‡ìgLìZzgZk»WÀ]~Æ#YÆiâ:Æ‚BÃðm7ìXZ¤tÈ1Yñ�z{&454ø

GGJG‚w¶Âz{&454øGGJG‚!ŠzgW\ÅrÇVÆ_.åZzgtŠZEŠzgÌW\~ÅrðÆ_.

ìXª#ÖÆz‰ÜJHƒ@ìtZv¬\„4Y}ìXptCŠzV�tŠzgÜÄW\Å±Šg±Šg±Zzg"ÑgYVJ−Y*ìXZy�áYZv¬\Æº�W\ÌnZzg¾ò6‡ìgìXóó)[-72B#5002Y(LL:Z¤W\äF¹™ãìZzgŠ*6¸W*ìÂ÷~W\Ã¸ÃìZzg÷Z¸�xì�WƒÜÄÐzZhƒYNXZk}ZvÃ¢ïÐåógOXøg~‚g~Fª]»ŠZgzæZgÜÄÐzZÕ~„©VìXZvW\ƒ»qòz*ÜƒXW\ÃÜÄZ£tÐ»ïzÃZzgzZÕÅÂ=«�ÛâñXóóLLøgZg[H\gZg[ìTäZkiâ:~|][Z²âìPÃŠ*ÅZ&bZzgWÀ]~ÅÑ<ÃŠ*~‡ì™äÆ

n¬_�ÛâcZzgZkxñ§Ãxîg6Yg~gpÆnZqZ+Šg]U6»z°{�Ûâc�ŠZEZzgª#ÖJYg~g�zZàìXZzgCÙÑÅzÃ]6Šzu}ÑÆfg=ñëVÆpsÅqªÃZð~$%zZÑìXóó

)Sà�xßy11B#3002Y,·$g72B02B#5002Y(LLZv¬\»t¹(ZZˆyìZ£-V6�:Üs;Š~»ï~ÅZ#Ö~�áïƒäÅÂ=BÉZkiâ:~[ñúŠZzg&£å~Å)®~�áïƒäÅÂ=ÌZkä«�ÛâðT~ZqÂx‡ììXZqÂxÜÄ‡ììXZq¢ošZW\Æ;B~ìT»IRe7X

pcŠgO�tšZÂIUzZÑ7XpZ¤W\äZL;BZ¤fg{e¢GÂW\ÆIUÆZkyaZƒM�ÔZv¬\CÙZqÃZkÐXñZknZk¬ÃåcŠgO�Zv¬\ÅgÏÃ¢ïÐñ}gÅXZzgÂx)®ÐåÃgƒYèZ[ZkÆ%W\Å’7Xóó

(267@256 )h]äzg¢Zzw™ZPxÜÄÆnŠ¬N™,@�ÜÄÅ'»]W\~å‡ìg�X‚g~Fª]Zzg»xçV»gZiÜÄÐzZÕ

Y( 2003#30 ~„ìX)Z



û5ü

LL*KÃZqzZ§óó : ZŠZgtY»Šyz{ŠyìT~øg}W‡z_q¦*|]ZŠk[ñúŠmZ?x»z™wƒZW\mZ?xÅ 1908#26

Šzg~Zzg�Û‰Ü»ZˆkëZkz‰ÜÂ7™MZ¤p�Zm¼:¼gíŠw~ìpZk»9Zˆkz„ßv™M¸85½ð EE

!S†W\mZ?xäZL;Ð»[HZzgZKŒÛ"Æè,YxöñXZkZˆkøzò~#5Å§sÐ'×hñWiâ»gzZ×VƒNX|]%iZaZ£Z*XZ}Zy»gzZÇVÆ0�ÛâD�:LL|][ñúŠðÅzÃ]ÐÛ‚ÆZ0gZ0gz{DZzg�ÛZcvu�øg}kyÆ‚t¶àÆ$çlZzg‚ßÍV

Ð½XZzgZyßÍVäøg}‚t9}ƒ™pÙÆŒÇñZzgä]Æ*a*dZzg�áŠâãÆÈ}ÎñZzg�Ûè»i}¯¯™ú›â?Æ�kïáXøg~`Š{W\VäZyÂgzVÃŠ¬Zzgøg}inpgŠ{ŠwlVÆZ0gpyƒƒ™g{‰X1ëäZyÆZkÕ6ñÐ»x1ZzgZLlVÅWƒVJÃŠ!Æg3óó)ŸZ£t(

#ÆZkZ‚uzZ§6plƒñXÜsZkn�z{ZLiø~t™Æ�Z£e»t»gzZVZ[íŠ 26 #5Z£eìZZâx„7Ôg;ZgZÉ„7g;Â‡š¾gZ36−ÇXpZv¬\äZLz°{Æ_.#5ÅZypìVÃ0âw™ŠcZzgZqZzgzZ§ªCÙ�ÛâcTÅ|][ñúŠmZ?xÃZyZÖp~Š~¶:

LL*KÃZqzZ§óó#ÃZK¸¼kÆfg=ZLz°{Æ_. 27 #ÆzZ§äZ£~6zZâVÃpsÅqª~eZwŠcZv¬\ä 26

ZqZzgzZ§ªCÙ�ÛâŠcTäpsÅqªÃZð~$wŠcXTäx,zªxŠßVÃä]Zzg]Æ_!]Ð_m™ŠcZzgYÃz{xZ�y@g]Zzg@gõ‚i 1908#27 CÙŠwZv¬\Æ—gZL]zZpÐyÆ_!]Æ‚Bu$gBð EEŠƒŠXZk§b

zZ§gzúƒZäZAxZÞLL*KÃZqzZ§óó~f™åXTÆ³~Zq!gQ}Z¬\äZ£eÆŠ-ZâV›Æ6zZâVÆnÑ'hÅßg]~Zqz�Š«Y�ÛâcTÐ(˜¾æ$!yZzgbz�ŠÃð7ƒYXâVÌ7XÜsZqzZ§Zm?ÏÆnf™™zVÇX

|]7Ò3ªî EGEGZÅ.o-

÷GZÑzwñXÆz�Š~Zvnguz¬\äŠg]U6Æ¬1ÃªCÙ�ÛâcZ4Æiâä»zZ§ìXa@g~qÁŠ+™r1ge8ÆZq5ix¸ZyÅç~¬aÅzÑŠ]Æz‰Ü¹1~‰X™¯uqª~gZ]!g{

W|]7Ò3ªî EGEGZÅ.o-

÷GZÑzwñÆ0k‰ZzgZKç~Å1»f™HX—ggUZZqLgZV™Zk6Š¬ÅZzg�ÛâctZKç~ÃîŠ,XZƒYñÂ=Z:q™Š,X



û6ü

a@g~qÁŠ+™rë��~zZ:Wcç~ÃLgîŠ~ÂZv¬\ÆaÐðh~Šk~`ÅzÑŠ]ƒðXgZ]¹Škƒ_¶ZknZkz‰Ü—gÃ›*oƒ:ŒZzgòÆz‰Ü—gÅ}#Ö~Z:qŠ~Zk6|]7Ò3ªî E

GEGZÅ.o-

÷GZÑzwñä��ÛâcZkÆZqZqwsÐbZzg$!yÑÅZk›Zzg.»Z0Zi{ƒY@ì�z{ZK)®ÆßÍVÐg‚ìXtŠYZiZÖpË~g‰ÜaZ™Šï�XW\ä�Ûâc:LLxVqÁŠ+!?äZKç~ÃLgîŠ~Zzgvg~`aZƒXZzgQ?Zzgvg~ç~WgZxÐÎ‰X=Z:q™ŠïÂ~

ÌWgZxÐÎgLX~Â‚g~gZ]YIg;Zzg'+£éG

g~ç~ÆnŠ¬™@g;óóXa@g~qÁŠ+™rätzZ§ÒyHZzg"Z(ggz7}ZzgìÑLL¹VñZÏqÁŠ+ZzgâgZ−+ZWóó

(71,72™8 )Zô[Z£¢|]�ñúŠñZk»uq tìz{ŠgŠÔ›Zzg.�)®Z£t»CÙÑ)®ÆCÙ�ÛŠÆnZLŠw~g‚ìX

ƒñ�ÛâD�:LLvg}nZq¿vgZŠgŠgpzZÑXvg~›gpzZÑXvg}ŠÄÃZCŠÄKzZÑXvg~1ÃZK1KzZÑX'+£éG

g}n}ZÆ—gŠ¬N™äzZÑìX1ZyÆn7ìXvgZÐ„ìÔŠgŠìZzgz{vg}nZLñÑÆ—gGègLìXpZyÆnZ(Ãð7ìXË»Z¤ZqFgƒÂZju7W@XpH?Z,ZyÅqª»Z0Zi{™Mƒ)DÙZgzV7ÉÑÅVFgƒVóó)ZâZgZ‰x¢2™651(

YÃƒäzZáZkxZ�yzZ§Æfg=Z�ÛZŠ)®Ã$!yZzgÀz�ŠYÑzq 1908#27 Z:vÔÃ:v'êIOZ:v�ÃZkÜÄ§ZsðÆÎ‚w7g}ƒ‰ZzgZyÎ‚ßVÅ@gõ…CCì�LL*K#ÃZq 2008#27 ƒ‰Zzg

zZ§óóZqZ+i'Š„Zzg&;-ê XG!�yrð¶�CÙœZzgCÙ9|][ñúŠÅCðÆxZ�yo]7™g„ìZ,z�ŠzVÅßg]~�W�yÐÉƒ™i}ÆCÙÃZzgi}~…zZáCÙZyÃZK›Zzg.Æ«gzVÐ;™gì�X

øg}¸ðZkÚpÐøzx0øhZzgñÏÆŠy¦Zggì�XëZ7#¥™Æë��ŒVWîZzgW�ãÂxÜÄÐÝƒYî!z;VvgZÃy7{zZÑì?¾Ãt„ì�?·ƒc•k?¾Ãt§ì�?\Ðƒc§Z[?Ãðì�vg}BVÔçZzVZzg»V»ÁZgƒ?Ãðì�vg~¾"ZzgZ#kÅzzÐŠ{ƒ?Ãðì�vg~KãÔdÔZÜ¹ZzggzqãqpVÅ„™@ƒ?Ãyì�vg}nQkz‰ÜŠ¬N™@ZzgZvÆ—g¥¥Z@ìZ�?ÃZk»zëzáyÌ7ƒ@?Ãyì�vg}ŠgŠ6GèZzgvg}ŠÄ6#-C4è EGFGEƒZÞì?

Z(ÃðÌÂ7Xë»CD��øg}0kZ(z�ŠìZzgÔZqÎ‚wÐëZ,z�ŠzVÐ»[ƒgì�X



û7ü


Z[Ìøg}0kZ(z�Šñ�Šì)Šw~øg}n›z.ZzggØzgPÄÆZ,zW«g�ê0ã~L¶7ƒCXt0ãlkZ“VÅßg]~ZmW\VÐøg}ngzZVƒ@ìXz{ŠygZ]øg}nGèZzg#-C4è EGFGEgLìX!ZÖp

�Zkä|]7Ò3ªî EGEGZÅ.o-

÷GZ°Z,òÐ5‡]Æˆ¾: GUATIERI 6zWeZËLLZx[)®ÅZLÑÐ›ZK(p~Zk¢ÐßNƒV�)®»ÑZK)®ÆZ�ÛZŠÆ‚BZyÐÌicŠ{

›g‚ìXóó:Z}#5Z£"ìGOG¦Î‚wÅ@gõÍZ{ì�?ä#¿~(ZizgÎcZzgZkZÞoÃQ3häÅÃÒÅp?CÙWy

*»xz*%ZŠgìXZ[Ìz‰ÜìZkÐ¬�!gÇ{ZmŠ~~LL:[‘Í-�ê GóóŒÛZgŠñYîWîZzgZkÑ'hÅ³™zTÆ

;ÐëÎ‚wÐ»[ƒgì�XIguœj™räHp[¹ì:CÑÅV�™zhzV��ZuYyƒñ� '•ìÜÄÅ�Zu;B?cgz1L�Îñ¸Iyƒñ� îÃyÅ%è¶�QaYNtp

¦g}ƒñÎ‚w�@gõÍZ{ì ƒQm«YQm«YQm«Yì)«YZ*ßy(


û8ü


œ‚!ÜÄ�©ZzgZk»¿:©FZä£Æ�ÇgìƒZ£~¸ð hZv�œ‚!ÜÄ�©WðÜÄZ£e»`Zt‰å Q/ÎWJÍåZzg#»·åŠg‹U6»ƒŠW¸¯ö ¶ZÒ`âgZ−+7Ò3ªî E

GEGZÅ.o-

÷GZÍwÂ|]7Ò3ªî E

GEGZÅ.o-

÷GZ{ãñ8/õ FNE‰A Y~z™wQy»ƒZåZ 1 9 1 4 _è ME

Ñƒg0gKÆÌŠßV~ì:gWc 7Ò3ªî EGEGZ

Å.o-÷GUã»ìZÐ¼gWc

ÑÜs)®Ã±™äzZÑì z{ìÑZ³ÑÐÌ!ÑìŠßV~ZyÅ"3ð EEO]Æ!g}~FœŠ¸ [ñúŠÌZ³Æ@,Zzg&CåEOŠ¸

Ñ»'Zñ*x„'*xƒ@ì z{Œ¸�Z³»„‚gZ»xƒ@ì„CÙZ£~¸z{1Z0gÐŠw»á �¸ZyÆlV~ZzgŠwÆzZáÂZ³ÜÄ6YðƒÏQ!Ñ ÜÄ»)®~£xƒ@ìZZdÂQCÙêQk»„!Ñ!Å3¨4è GGGEƒÇ ÑZ[ñúáP»„YdƒÇ)�»x�ƒVÐQy6yaGYN WÒ{‚g}P}Ì÷}„*x6WN

ÑÅ:³Åg6ƒñ‚g} ™3‰AtÑƒg~¸ðøg}ZK¬E$šú ENEEzŠ~z{rZÆ Az{‡ŠcyÃgh™ÑƒgYÆ

}ZäZ£eÆ�ZäQÐ½eZá �Z:™‰{àÑƒg~0gKzZá

'»‹ÜÄZzgÜÄÅZ¤®6

¾z[ƒ@7Îg`wZk)®6){‚gúŠZ£wŠgz÷‡Šcy(


û9ü


|]Z1–œ&gèZvÅÐ|]7Ò3ªî E

GEGZÅ.o-

÷GZÑÍwgèZvÅÅx¹(1 )m ¯Z°ÝúŠ( )

|]ñÑ*œâgZ−+™rÃÇq¢ÅQyèIZzggzqã†]ÅrýLZÍw~\)é INgHY@ìÔÎZv¬\äu„Wy

Z²âVÅ@Gz¾]Æn»gHZzgZkXŠ‹aÐ¾{zgƒäÆn{mZ¦ZŠzVZzg&6VÐ!3{ý GO�ÛâcXè<ØZzgZÅ;5é XWGO]Å@gõ~…‰−VÆŠgxy)©ào9Zzgx¹ÅªZy±è NEVBQ�XÂQgŠzª.ÆZyUîV»

ñZi:z‹t:Üst�gzqãfztÃ‚âÈú�ÛZë™@ìÉZIZZyÆnZiŠc›¢zcÄ»Ì!áìX…Z+„

x¹7Ò3ªî EGEGZ°Îw|]Z1–œ&ñZzg|][ñúŠmZ?x

Æ7Ò3ªî EGE0ZÍwÆz�Š~ÃWCìXikÃ*y~Z+xŒVÃ

Š™äÅÃÒÅˆìXQyì�_·Zzgï»fztgpzZáZx[Zk*yÃWÐ(JäÆnZk~6ï]»ZŸ†™äÅÃÒ�ÛâNÐX

|]Z1–œ&ñZzg|]ñÑ* #Zzg{0Zãx¹: X1âgZ−+™rŠzâV|Z]»m>l6Æ�g{0ZÈŒÛ÷ÐìX|]ñÑ*âgZ−+Ô|]/ñ0æ[Å±Ð34è XGMW\Æa"54ið EGGV7åELOZë|]†Zv0/ñpŠÌ|]gÎwZ™x-ZvmzÅÆ!«çGO[ô!Zzg¬Ô™Št¸X|]/ñä

ZZz‡]~bïbGXÐZzÑŠƒðX|]†ZvZzgZyÅn{QxZ>Ý|]8©~î EñŠzâV|]/ñÅizzZÍwi5"3ïEEGL!‹šð EyÆ,Ð¸X|]i5ñäqÅïGLZsx~ZÙw�ÛâcX

|]ZxZ>Ý8©~î EÐ%z~Zqug~|]†Zv0/ñÆ!g}~|]ÑZ™x-ZvmzÅÅtgZñŠg`ìX]ôá$Âøfû‚ø]Ö×#äô…øqöØº‘ø^Öôxº

*Ñ˜$&ëENe7ÔÑðg( 458 ![Z‚Ü™ 935 )9gg~áWÔug�t!]‡&ÿELf™ì�|]Z1–ñZzg|]/ñÆo{;ñ©Zq

xŒÛ7uŠZgÔª0ßð6Y™|]Ñ™*-ZvmzÅÆoÒ©ÐïYD�X|]ñÑ*âgZ−+™rÅ,ÌZÏ\.ü

ILwxÅZq@™yìX|][ñúŠmZ?xäZK

²!"LL×ãZ²òóó~ñÑ*œâgZ−+™r»¬gs™ZDƒñ’k�Ûâc:

ZZ]ÖÏ†�oÎçÚ÷^æ]ÖË^…æÎoÞŠf÷XX(180™7 )gzqã�Zí¢

The 8²nì�ª0Åð NðÔ�gxZy4k545é EHEHíÔ)(Æn¸X4k545é EHEHíä Great Constantine

æ¹Zzgf!gzò�Ã�™ÆèÃZCŠZgZ|#Ö¯cåXY~|áÃZK�»u»g~è<Ø 313 ¸÷{ìTä

‚wˆ|]Ñ™*-Zv 300 ŒÛZgŠcåXZkzZ§Æ½âmzÅäZKrð~èÃì™äzZáZsòHÃ¼Åtg]Š~Xô/™ZxZzgˆ~WäzZßVäÃlX1t

Y~Îy·Ã<ÆHÃqÝƒðX|] 1453 XŠ]âga 28 7Ò3ªî E

GEGZÅ.o-

÷GZÑÍwñ»|]/ñ0æ[J»o{©YÆZ¶g$g‡Šcy~�áùƒZXz;VÐto{—gñÆ 1912

qÑ‹i0Ï6ŒŠzâVÂ1VLL%‡>ZÅ3¨4è GGGE°§]âgZ−+óóZzg§‹âg~ÜHŠìX

Zg!‹§ä–ì�pZ&~Zx Jwh~': X2Z>Ý|]}"ñ”V~|]Zñ0Z!¤ÔZzgWiZŠ%ŠzV


û10ü


~ƒÐ¬|]Z1–œ&ñÃJÁZsxÅÂ=BXQkçÑ}~Š*ÆŠzu}8‹ð

ELOVÅ§bÔÝò»gzZ`ÌåXZk¡Ð—g-ZvmzÅÆWiZŠ™Š{Ýxih0qgXñ)MVä—gåÃgh™ZL)gÇÈ{0ZyZzgZ•çEO{Æ‚BYäÐZïg™Šcå(ÃtXŠ]BX|]%iZaZ£™rñäZkjZáÐZôƒ§ZzgrgðÅï»vhZyZÖp~7�ÛâcìX

LL|]Z1–ñ!hÐ*î NOîg6!¨å NGOxZzg‚.!ÑZy¸XóóY( 2004 Zic 121 )§]{?ZÉ454è EEGE™

|]Z1–ñÆJwZsx»tUÌ‡&ÿELf™ì�W\ä|]Ñ™*-ZvmzÅÐŠú„t]ÅÃðŠ?Ô7ÅX�áxÆ^ÐzZ36—gåÆŠúòÅÍ™Z—gåÅ}#Ö

~q¢ƒñÂ|]Ñ™*-ZvmzÅä@G~ŠÑbŠ¶c�!0Sp|]Z1–ñtYy™�Šú„g‚ªHŠìÔgUœ¾ŠwÐZZyáWñX¸ª…|]ñÑ*âgZ−+ñÆZjZw~ÃWCìX|]ñÑ*7åENZŠZŠ¥zqãù]ÐYy‰¸�|]%iZ™r„ñú›³ZzgZâxZ²ây�XOçÃZŸ‡]—äPÐ³Jw™äÅŠgpZ„Å1—gðä�Ûâc�ZÌ³»Zfy7X|]ñÑ*ä²nH�ZÌ³Jw

™ä»ZfyƒÂƒÐ¬QyÅ³JwÅYñXFXŠ]qzVÆŠßVÐ„WzZiQJg„¶X

ë%ÉVÅì'êGN„?Ã

?}´}ZÆnYÃ−·:~« 1889 âga 23 Z!fÈZÞ—gä

³»ZÈx�ÛâcÂƒÐ¬|]ñÑ*âgZ−+™rä‚–yZÑÍßyä³ÅX—äPäCÙZq 40 ³ÅXQkŠy

Ðe{e{³àXtZq@g]|ì�ZÍwZM$›4èJ

GE

ƒä»Ñs|]ñÑ*âgZ−+™rÃqÝƒZXZqZzgt5±�Ûâ�X|]Ñ™*-ZvmzÅäpŠ

|]Z1–œ&ñÅZk½»f™�ÛâcìX]ôÞôùoÎö×ûköm5ø]m%ãø^]Öß$^Œö]ôÞùoû…ø‰öçûÙö]Ö×#äô]ôÖønûÓöÜûqøÛônûÃ÷^!

ÊøÏö×ûjöÜûÒø„øeûkøæøÎø^Ùø]øeöçûeøÓû†ô‘ø‚øÎûkø(855™1748 )9gg~áWÔ¢Šzx![Z‘ug�

|][ñúŠmZ?xäÌ|]ñÑ*âgZ−+™rÆh~ZÏnÆìÑ]»ZÖg�ÛâcXZK"ZiZ!Zz;x~�Ûâc:LLZrVäZ,z‰Ü~šFœ=JwH�ZCÙ§s[Å

œZN—ƒäÃ‰'AƒÐ¬ñß~™r@zb»„âZk¬bÆŠúòÅ¤&~�~[ñúŠƒV‡Šcy

!Úø³ß$³^æ‘‚Îß^Ê^ ~÷}0kàT~tLZ]Šg`¸X(521™3 )gzqã�Zí¢ Òjfß^ÚøÄø]Ö�$ã‚mà!XX

|]Z1–œ&ñÅ§bW\ñÅ¥zq+ÌŠÑbz'Z�ÅZ`:ƒðX—äP�ÛâD�:ñß~âgZ−+™rË¶yÆ¤:ƒñZrVäF„K!5é MEMOÈŠcZzgÃgz¹ƒ™œj¿™1Xóó

(77™3 )“ª]¢VZsxÆÁ}òÆÒpÐ"u »z�Š |]Z1–œ&ñ

IguZzg*«U"ƒZXW\ñÅVÆË~¼ŠZë†]ÃJÁhÅÂ=BX·@«ä{mîg6Qy0õZô[»f™HìÎˆ~pŠxZ�y}â]uZ�xŠ¶ÆñZµAXt0vV|Z]‚{w{~Ì�áï�Xª|]¢yñ0“¨éEOyÔ|]†Z°Ý0úsñÔ|]³0DZvñÔ|]Ä0z‡mñÔZzg|]iÛ0Z¶ZxñX)§‹·-ZvmzÅ™

(160


û11ü


ZÏ§b|]ñÑ*âgZ−+™rñÅVzSÐ¹ÏG¥gzjVÃ|][ñúŠmZ?xÆŠZðÐzZhƒäÅ

Â=BXtz„¹îsìXTÐ|]ñß~aZ−+™rQz~ñ|]?·™Št™rñ|]ñß~†ZÆ*™rcÈKñÔ|]‡è¦Z÷@™rñxyÜZ−+™rñZzg?aZ°Ý™rñ{mîg6‡&ÿELf™�X

|]Z1–ñl6Æ gZÓh~xZ�yâà}â]: X3ZqplqwZzg!-.ðGOw@¸XJwZsxÆˆW\äZLz‚bÃZsxÅF¹zZPxÆnz�™ŠcZzgZv¬\ÅgŸÆ

nZCâw"Šg$yaHXZ’ZðŠzg~ZsxJw™äzZáÝñVZzgOzVÃ-ZzgªÝuŠZgZÈläbÝ»›w¯cXšwñÔ¬%0 @.ç EXG{Ô2k{Ô%tÔYgtµñïz){F*ñV»f™M

ìÎ|]Z1–ñäWiZŠ™zZcX|]Z1–ñÃ$ÀöOZzgæãŠzâVRŠzZg~¤Z×gâà}â]ÆñZµAX|]Ñ™*-ZvmzÅÆó]æÜÆZOâ]ÔKt~Æn«i}ÅyhZg~

ZçZzZ]Å»g~ZzgŠv’rV~½7gz1X©�|]Ñ™*-ZvmzÅä�Ûâc:

æøÚø^ÞøËøÃûßôoûÚ^Ùö]øuû‚õÎø¼%Úø^iøËøÃûßôoûÚø^Ùö]øeôoûeøÓû†ôY( 1983 DZNŠò;îkŠ‹ÔZic 742 )YìFè~áWÔ¢ŠzxÔ![oÜZ1–œ&ñ™

ª=Ë¿ÆâwÐZ(ÃZ{7à6�Z1–ñÆâwÐX|]ñÑ*âgZ−+™rñä§‹œjÆZkgz×UÐÌz1X³Æz‰ÜW\'gZ<îE0òÆ�á„É¸ZzgZkÒpÐW\Åâàw»°L¶XZ¤pQkÇ~ŒV

ÝñVZzgOzVÅyhz�Ûz|»z{gzZ`:å�ƒt~Æz‰Ü²[zYZzg-*yzgzâ~'ç NÍ`åX;VZqZzgßg]¶Xâ›¤9V»¡*&Ëqª~åX|]ñÑ*âgZ−+

™rZ,¤9VÅŠN¸wZzgZyÆ(ZyZY]6�ÛZcŠàÐg¶ya™DXtZkÒpÐZq¤xÔ"¾Zzgäg6

ÅŠZŠgÏ¶X†Z°Ý$IZqZ,„plëâ›¸XÎˆ~¤Z×g}â]ÅÂ=BXÉQyÅZzÑŠÃÌŠc§)~)®Z£tÆWZzg(ZŠZgzV~7Òþ

EL}ZÅ}#Ö»ñ§5X

ŸZ£tÅ¢zgc]Æn|]ñÑ*ñänZCƒ¼z�™ŠcX|][ñúŠmZ?xäZK"LLìZsxóó~Qy»Zqâšg`�ÛâcXZk²$~î GE0o]ÆqgY]œjÆZáÅ

pÒÐígì�XLL÷Z�¼ì÷Z7W\»ìX|]cz%”X~¾wgZ4

Ð²n™@ƒV�÷Z‚gZâwzŠzªZ¤Š´Z�á®~yaƒYñÂ~%ZŠÃVŠXóókâÆWy~²n™D�: ZLL=W\Ð$h4ï E

EGLÃgz¹ìZzgƒ¼ZkgZ{~ÆZ™äÆn…5éGOgƒVXŠ¬�Ûâz,�÷~ñ]œhVÅñ]ƒóóLLìZsxóó~tâ£wzs~Šg`™äÆ—äP�ÛâD�:LLñß~™r@zb»œtZzgÈZzgZyÅÁZg~ZzgY�g~

‰QyÆ‡wÐªCÙÐZkÐ(|™QyÆqwÐQyÅÀ:}áVÐªCÙƒg;ìZzgz{›ZzgZÜmÆ_/»nÐeT��ƒ¼ŒVJ�ZLÈwÅi0Ï¬™äÅ¢zg~q,ÌZkgZ{~ÆZ™Š,óóWs¾Ñ‹ZsxÅŠg`fs„g[|]Z1–ñÆh~Fè~ÅugÐëW}ì:

æøÚø³^Þø³Ëø³Ãû³ßô³oûÚø^Ù]øuû‚õÒøÛø^Öøäö]Ö$„ôpû�i^åÖôçøqûäô]Ö×#äô

D582 ‘Ëvä 5 E…æu^Þoìˆ]ñàq×‚ æømöç+iôoûÚôàû‰ôßônûàøqgz!ÑSZqîsZ½k»zìT»È45Âî XG=Ë


û12ü


¿ÆâwäZkŠgœ7àcTŠg�ZkäZv¬\ÅgŸcŠcZzgF‚wÐŠ}g;ìX

|]Ñ™*-ZvmzÅÅ ˜Š~À:Ñ•: X4§‹©ÆŠzZZŠzZg6Œ$ÀöOZzgæãi0ÏÔÚ˜ŠÅ¹ã

‚!$ÀöOÇÔ#¿ZzgÕzZëZŠÆ£« 13 ÈñƒñìX6ñZzgZ/#Ö»ŠzgåZzgZš¼hÆ‚B‚B½zFš»˜Š

ÌÔU/U^g;åXZk~ó]SÅ~zíZzgZ³{zZ‡g[Å›ŒÛ!y™ä»%³ÌWcX|]Z1–ñäÌ³x

H1Zq)›$åOZbzZ:áWcX$ÀöOŠzg~|]Z1–ñÃ—ãZzgâà˜Š~½7gÑ•Æ´z{—gåÅ}#ÖÔ¾]™«Æ

jZáÐ¤Z×g}â]ÅÂ=BZzg‰Z•ðç*uqÑ]~ŠÃqZzgæZì»ÑsÌqÝƒZXæãšzg~±¨é NEO§$Âî OäŠ

~V(Ÿè ENE™æÜ6ú™äÅ»gcVÑzq™Š,XZkÚø~Zv¬\äZIZZyÃc‹ƒ™æZfÅZYi]Š~X

(40,41 )Îg{ZÝWc]ô/™ZxñäZLW‡åÆŠzl$zlŠZ›¼®Š~X|]Z1–œ&ñÃ—gåÆ_Z{ÓxcÃVÔ$gÔQuÔZxZ[Ôµ!{ŒÒþÔ6ÔìlÔ854è NEGEZzgtuz){~ËqÅXŠ]‚ƒðXZzg—gZŠòPÆŒÛdFgìXÅfZ]„ŠÔÆ.V»ZÝ@sƒCX

|][ñúáPÆŠgg~Zkz]wZzgw[zbtÅ(˜ŠÅŠzu~Õ‡ìƒIÂ˜ŠywÆ»2Zzgeä$w‰X˜Š!Åh4ý OGÅ(˜ŠÅŠzu~˜Š!ÌäáàX|ð!5éEOŠZzgWgtH]ÔZsxÔŒÛWyZzg|]Ñ™*-ZvmzÅÆÜsiCÙÞ±Z;äÑX|][ñúáPpŠÌ‘zgziZk˜Š~zs¸ZzgW\äZLZ>¥NYÃÌZÏyZÈk

~Q@gZXZyŠâV~tZqnÅgzZe¶�I$›4èJ

GEgzqã;qÝ™äcZL'ç N”zVÐÃðW@{?m™äÅZ+¬

™D¸X|]ñÑ*âgZ−+™rñä|]ZŠòPÐÌZÏnÅŠgpZ„ÅX|]ñÑ*Åi!ãZk˜ŠÅZ’ZðgzZGZŠ

HXLL~Z|]%iZ™rÅ}#Ö~q¢ƒZÂ~äW\Ð7Y�W\Å%h~~HW@{™*e’�}Z¬\

Å›~F¹ƒXW\ä�Ûâc�~tW@{C@ƒV�W\|ÇVÆ£¨~ZqÂ[KXíÃ|ðè<ØÐzZ/:¶XZyÆZ‹ZçVÅÌ¸:¶Xóó

(166 )%‡>ZÅ3¨4è GGGE°§]âgZ−+%ûZº�á{{yÎW!Š~™}Zñlzûä|]ñÑ*âgZ−+™rÃ:ÜstÂ[ÉŠ=yZsxÆZ‹ZŸ]Ægœ~FÂÁ™ÅÂ=«�ÛâðXZkjZáÐ“ª]~‰¥â]Šg`�:

Ê³’³Ø]Ö³í_^h LL|]ñÑ*ä|áÆgœ~L(428 ó’k�Ûâð)®ZŠ,] ]Ö³ÛÏ‚Úè]aØ]ÖÓj^h

¢zV~ìZkÆ—gðÆZg�áŠ6W\ä 2 tÂ[H]Å5À¡ç GZxZzgŠzu}Wg-VÆZ‹ZŸ]Ægœ~

(212 óóg¶�Ûâð),] i’‚mÐe†]anà]uÛ‚mä LL|]ñÑ*»twÌ(ZZëìLLZyCÙŠzW@zV~=

(304 )“ª]|][ñúŠð¢Šzx™ (}(}ÃZ}ƒñXóó†Z-g*òZq$ë›yä%Dƒ™ZC*xŠOx0wgÄ1XZkÆZ‹ZŸ]»gœ|]ñÑ*âgZ−+™räZK

(256 Â[LLâgZ−+óó~’k�Ûâc)®ZŠ,]¾nZyŠzâV|Z]ÃZLZLg8~˜ŠÅÂ=BX|]Z1–ñÃÑŠÅcÆ‚BZzgñÑ*âgZ−+™rÃÅŒZgÆ


û13ü


‚BC¢»»xÐìŠ3cëä

ËÌÑÔgÎwZzg z|~W‡Å!š3ïGOGzx<: X5âñg»Q3ÔÎÔ»Q*Ô3*ÁZzgz|ƒ¼Zv¬\ÅgŸZzgAYÆ_.ƒ@ìZzgQkÆ‚Bw•zjy™äzZágNYÌ'»]zø]Ðz0D�X—g-ZvmzÅä

ƒÐIˆgCZ¾Znz£œc^G1ëŒVƒÆˆzVÅ!]™gì�X}/Xz{�—gåäŠÃ¦˜ŠcZ(g�Ûâñ)$gÔZuÔ6Ô–Ôtuz){(/Xz{^�ez/{z){„ŠZ]ÆnG)uiÔ/{ZzgÁZßŠZq(

/Xz{�VZzgZÓxuÆnG‰X)^«çEL¤`(/Xz{Ì{mZÌÆqï�X6—gåäËô!ñÃ{m�ÛZøÅuZ�xŠ„cgzZ:�ÛâcXtãŠ~îg6ŠzZlx~„GYM�X(z{^X~|]Ñ™*-ZvmzÅ"3©ø EEEL%Ñq i)ƒñX

(Xz{X~—gpŠÂÑq^:1Ëg=cô!ä ii)—gåÆ¬Åz~z{HX|]Z1–œ&ñÃŠzâVnÆ™ä»Z³ZiqÝƒZXZ%ZqWŠ|Z(ÌìT~z{|]Ñ™*-ZvmzÅÆ_Z{:YnX‚…¸ª|]ñÑ*âgZ−+ñÆZjZw~ÃWC

ìXZ7|][ñúŠmZ?xÆ‚B™ä»Z³ZiqÝƒZX‰Z,Ì��ZrVä—äPÆZg�áŠÅz~GZzgPZqZ,Ì�X~z{—äPÆ‚BÑq:ƒnXë

X VBŠ}™Zkx¹ÃúcV™äÅÃÒ™D�

ÓxçZzZ]~|]Z1–ñÅ |]Z1–œ&gèZvÅ:—g-ZvmzÅÅ!š3ïGOG~Ëq»f™Zz6¦g[ìX|]Z1–ñuÔÔZŒ‚w/{ZzgQ›ZßŠZqÆ^~Ì—gåÆ‚B

¸X*ui6ÈƒäzZÑÔŠgZÝ/{cZ(gHŠå1±¨é NEO§$Âî OZkÅŠ~'×Z3ƒñX«çEL¤`|]g‚ª–[å»ZqZë—åT~|]Z1–ñ‚B7¸XtÑs|]ih0qgXÃqÝ4ð X0ZXó]æÜ»@g]Âz{ìTä:

Üst�ZsxÅ@gõÃ$weZÑÉó]¾*»W¸iZÏ^Ðó~~|]Ñ™* 9 zZhìX|]Z1–ñZk^Æg=¸X

-ZvmzÅä|]Z1–ñÃZ÷ZÝ¯™$Âî O{ZcXZÏñ§6—gåäWc]�gLLZ´y'P]óó7"»¬ŠcX 40 |]ZñÃÎg{Â/ÅZ’Zð

|]ñÑ*âg |]ñÑ*âgZ−+™rgèZvÅ:Z−+™rñÃ|][ñúŠmZ?xÆFZëzV~gÃ‰Ü

ŠyJ 15 Y~|ÇVÆ‚B 1892 »ÑsqÝƒZXZ%<~èIIƒ4ð X0Z�ˆ~LLklkóóÆ*xÐÂ!

m30 ~�áùƒZX|]ñÑ*Zk^~—äPÆ_Z{¸X—gŠkô/Æ_Z{ek{!!*7Y™Ígz!!*7 1895

™r»a!ŠÚc=pá‰X|]ñÑ*âgZ−+ñÌY~ÍgŠZ7gZzgMyÆÔ†g~ 1897 Zk‡š~�áï¸X

ÍgŠZ7g»^ 1901 ~òæ^ZzgŠJg-ZwÔ†g~ 1899^1905 Y(È^ÔâÞ 1904 )l)Š-Zg(ZÆ'âÞ

−·:ZyÓxzV~|]ñÑ*âgZ−+™rñÃ—äPÅ!š3ïGOG»ÑsqÝƒZX

qzfs|]ñÑ*ä—äPÆ¬6Z(gGZzg!©ðE£�ÛZø


û14ü


ÅuZ�xŠ„ÆˆzZ:=pÑñXY1896 ·zjg 1894 Z~ YÔâ8Ã&Ïî H 1898 âÞ

YÑƒg)è<Ø»Ð÷~Ëqc( 1907 Šc5@2 ‰Z,Ì¸X~|]ñÑ*|][ñúáPÆ_Z{

:YnX1—äP»¬ñßwƒä6š@íq¢}#Öƒ‰XŠ‹»^tz{^ìTc@gñßwƒD„ 1905 ZÆ/

|]ñÑ*ZÏz‰ÜŠÐQJ™ZÏqª~Š‹cgzZ:ƒ‰�Ù~™ZtÅg¶Ì:¶!—äPÅi0Ï»Wy~^Ñƒg

Y¢—äPÆ¬6Ñƒg=páWñX 1908 Z6s 27

¸„tÑsZyŠzâV|Z]Åƒ : Ü¢ïEGLQz\»Ñs X6

Ð(~ZzgZëx¹ìX|]Z1–ñÃô/™ZxƒÐŸi{ŠÄZsxZzg&BïELgÎwåB1|]ZyoÜzcbÆ!z�ŠZ•ð7ZÅ,çEZ`ZzgpŠÃ£ÜÄ»ZI7B¸X

|]Z1–ñäuµ‚°{~V™˜VZ»§Z'çLÜÄ»ê™äc¦¸|]/ñZzg|]Z1D{Z0Z›Zb»*x³Æn7H1ZyŠzâV)gÍVä|]Z1–ñ»;Båx™³6ZÜZgHX!¹ßvÌ³cI^7}XZŒgzi"3šï EGGL¬)ƒðZzg|]Ñ™*-ZvmzÅÆ8hå ELZâgÅD@ÐIƒ»W\ÅÜÄ6Z·tƒŠZzgZv¬\äW\Ã)]6‡10äZzgÓxKV»]å LO![™äÅÂ=«�ÛâðXZÏ§bZÍwZM$›4è

JGE

ÃZsxÃL™äÅXŠ]‚ƒðX¸#g-…|]ñÑ*âgZ−+™rñÅfZ]~ÃW@ìXW\ÃDzaÔ¾òzÓg]ÔZ¤“ïGL[ñúáPZzg}!ïGLŸÅzz

Ð)®»'¦h{ŒY@åX1|]Z1–ñÅ§bW\ÌZk1úÃQVäÆnWâŠ{Ã7WD¸XŸ¬DÆZqx¬ÝÔ|]±·ZŒ™rZ%z„äÎ|]ZŠkm

Z?xäug~èÃgŠz�Û¤V~ÐZq�ÛŒÛZgŠcåÔ|][ñúáPÅ}â]Æˆ|]ñÑ*Ðz§_!]~

ïóóª=W\6|]Z1–ñÅ§bf) ZZ]øÞû³³kø‘ô³‚ôùmûÏô³o ²nHXŠZg-V»1ú7@ÃW@ì1|]ñÑ*äZ7{ñlg�Å

SÅX(327,328 )§‹âgr†ZØŠgÎŠZ¤ï™

‡Šcy~)®ÆúÒÇyäi!ãZiÆ´z{’k~ŠgpZ„Ì7Å1W\ñä!3{ï EELÜÄÆn™ñZŠ{%iZúŠZ£Ô|]÷*ÜâZ[™rÔ|]âZ[·Z{y™rÔ|]

zgŠzu}4}ZxŸÆ*x7G1 ñß~·ZŒ™rÔZ)®äW\Æ;B6³ÅZzg|][ñúáPÅD@ÐIg‚!Zß¤~qg`rðÆ_.Šg‹U6Å'•Ð�Zzg

(....... )Yg~ qYyƒXŒVÌZÍwZM$›4èJ

GEÃtÑsqÝƒZX


û15ü


ñ Z�ZxÜÄZzg|]�Z>úŠ)·æ{y+Z™g`CgÔ™*S(

FKÆÒpÐ£t]Æˆ£ÜÄW@ìXZyCÙŠzoš6Ã)gÇy)ZmY‘

ÐŸ-êGZ?xz#Y™Zx(»£xLLZâxóó»ƒ@ìÂŠzuzV»£xSyÆ£.Þ6âñx»ƒZ@ìXtHxošaè}ZŠZŠƒD�ZknZy»zZŠZ�ZxÑiòìOçŒÛWy™*~Zv¬\�Ûâ@45Âî XG

]ôÞ$³Ûø³^]ÖûÛöç+Úôßöçûáø]Ö$„ômûàø!Úøßöçû]eô^Ö×#äôæø…ø‰öçûÖôäæø]ôƒø]Òø^Þöçû]ÚøÃøäüÂø×?Fo]øÚû³†õqø³^Úô³ÄõÖ$Üûmø„ûâøföçû]uøj#omøŠûjøûƒôÞöçûåö]ôá$]Ö$„ômûàømøŠûjøûƒôÞöçûÞøÔø

]öæÖÿ??³òÔø]Ö$„ômûàømöç+Úôßöçûáøeô^Ö×#äôæø…ø‰öçûÖôäÊøôƒø]]‰ûjøûƒøÞöçûÕøÖôføÃûô�ø³ûÞôãôÜûÊøûƒøáûÖôùÛøàû�ôòûkøÚôßûãöÜûæø]‰ûjÇûËô†ûÖøãöÜö]Ö×#äø]ôá$]Ö×#äøÆøËöçû…º

D63 �mk 24 E‰ç…é]Ößç… o …$uônûÜºFñðÂz„��Zv6ZzgZkÆgÎw6ZZyÑNZzgZËZëZ½¦çA6)¨gÆn(ZkÆ0kZNƒVÂZJZkÐZYi]:áBÔZJ™:YNXGz{ßv��ÐZYi]f�X¸z{ßv��ZvZzgZkÆgÎw6ZZyÑäzZá�X:Zz{�ÐZL‰»ñVÅ{§ZYi]BÂZy~Ð&eìZYi]Š}Š}ZzgZyÆ

nZvÐn]¤™@g{XGZv¹ÛzZÑ)Zzg(!g!gg3™äzZÑìXZkÅzŸs™DƒñZqzZ§»f™|]�ñúŠgèZvÅ-VÒy�ÛâD�XLL=cŠì|]7Ò3ªî E

GEGZÅ.o-

÷GZÍwgèZvÅZqŠiÑƒg=pá‰ZW\äzZ:‡ŠcyWä»ZgZŠ{�ÛâcÂaè|]ZxZ>ÝgèZv�äZÌz;V¼ŠyZzgI*åXZknW\ä

=Ñƒg~„IäÅ@Ze�ÛâðZzgZg�áŠ�Ûâc�?QyÆ‚BWY*Z~WcZzgW\Æ0kW™~äZ?xi¹Â÷}

sx»�Z[Š¶ÐÌ¬W\ä�ÛâcXxV»¥x™5Âî Gøg}‚BHƒZX~ä¹=Â¥x7XW\ä�Ûâcøg}‚BæÌWŠò¸z{‚g}…J!gh™W‰XZkÐªCÙ™5ÂîGZyßÍVäZ%YìÆ0�ŒÛWyœåZk6¿:HXÑz‰Ü»z�ŠÂZ+ZÌg‚ì�Zk»ZW‚g}¬ÅêLZsx67@ìZ¤}éZ3ÃðqŠXƒYñÂZk»ZWƒ)®67}ÇXZk

nZk!g{~(~ZôoÅ¢zg]ƒCìXgÎw™*-ZvmzÅÆô/ÂZkñÆ‚BZk6¿™D¸�gÎw™*-Zv

mzÅ»ðh~ŠkcÌSŠOQŠOƒ*Qyc*‡&ÿEL'ŠZ“ƒY@åX

(407™4/6 )‚L¢¼Z¤®Z¤®ZzgÜsZ¤®„7Éøñ§zûSyc

}â]Ì7™ã�XZzg¸âñx)ä(ÅXŠ]q~ìXZzgSÏ~'QÌ�X

Y(~ 1965 Y@1889 |]�ñúŠgèZvÅÅi0Ï)ZqŠzgâñx»WcZzgŠzuZŠzgZâx»ªŠzgªâñxÅwÐŠz

Y(»Šzg|]Zâx 1908 Y@1889 ZâñVÆ‚tWcª)


û16ü


Y@1908 u~z[ñúŠÑZvmZ?xÆ‚tZzgZ†Šzg)Y(ÑgZ”|]7Ò3ªî E

GEGZÅ.o-

÷GZÍwgèZvÅÆ‚tWcX 1914

°Zß‰ÜW5ñi0ÏÆ¬ŠzgÆŠzu}8~î OÐ0W5§]©»_·™D�XÂW\ñÆZ0gZ�ZÄÜÄ»_/»‡&ÿELÇ%:…ÃW@ìXW5Zk§]»_·ZzgZkÐS.Š{™*XZknÌ¢zg~ì�ˆ~W+Ì}ZŠZŠ!3{ï EELÜÄS¶XZknW\»t¿‡&ÿELÇ]4ï NEGÌ0Y@ìX6�WÀ]

-mzsxÅugìXÂø³×øn³Óö³ÜûeôŠö³ßùjô±ûæø‰öß$èö]Öí×Ë^ð]Ö†]�‚mà]ÖÛã‚Únùnà!

D126 ‘Ëvä 4 EÚŠß‚]uÛ‚q×‚

Y(Æ 1908#26 |]ZŠk[ñúŠmZ?xÅzÃ])Zv¬\äœ&Uã|]ñÑ*œâgZ−+ZWgèZvÅÃ£Ü¢ïEGLgZ”{6Ã�ÛâcXÂW\Æ‚t‚g~)®âñxÅ§b¶ZzgÀ)®äÑbœgÆ‚BW\ñÆŠïGL

Igu6!Ñ$¨é GOEt³™àZzgZypl8V~ƒÐ77|]%iZúŠñ¸X}Z¬\Æ¬gsÈzVÃ³Å|ZzgZ�ZxÜÄ)Z%Yì(»‘Ðê Lƒ@ìXZknZycÃðX}

Ã7W@X1ŠzuzVcFagŠgzZi}ÃWä”�Zzg¸ßvS!YXSbgZzg�ÛZgÅgZ{Z!g™D�XOçZkÜÄÆªxÆPZcx~äZ,ÁÜtØghZ�Ü¢ïEGLÆZ(gZ]ÃözŠHYñX|]�ñúŠgèZvÅ»Òy™5ÂîG|][mZ?xÅzÃ]ÃZÌGg{›yÌ:¦g}¸�pZz™r)pZz

¾wZ−+™r(äñß~Z™rÅñ�ŠÏ~íÐÎZwH�xV™r!W\»ÑÆZ(gZ]Æ0HìwìX~ä¹�Z(gZ]Æê»z{z‰ÜåXZ�ZÌ³:ƒð¶Z�|]ÑZÍwñä™s™sÈŠc�³Æ?Ã

7g~7g~Z¤®™ãƒÏXZzgZk½kÃ_5¾æ NEëä³ÅÂZ[W‡ÆZ(gZ]Hg™ä»hÝñVÃ“qÝì?÷}Zk�Z[Ã_5¾æ NEpZz™r!]»¥c$w‰Zzg¹!]ÂÇì~ä-V„dîg6ŠgcÄÅ¶ZzgFÃVÅÜÄ»jZ!Šn¹�aèW`ÀßÍV~ZkÆ0cÑzqìXZkn~ä

ÌW\ÐSk»f™™ŠcXt¥x™äc�W\ÅHgZñìZzgZk6øg~W»ƒXZkÐdqwí6Qy»“5å LEtªCÙƒŠZzg~ä™1�SyßÍVÆŠßV~|]ÑZÍwgèZvÅ»

ÃðZŠ[ZzgZ�Zx7XZzgteT��Ë§bÜÄÆZk§&ÃSŠ,�øg}Ÿ~Yg~ƒZìX

(186 )fZ!ÎZöa/¢ZÍw™™sªCÙì�Ñz‰ÜÆ‚tZLW+ÝxÑgHX»ï

Z¤®»ZŒÛZgHX1W\ñÆ$åLO£.ÞÜÄ»°xZ�Zx™äzZßVäZqZzgØghZ�ÑZzgZ³ÆZ(gZ]ùƒVª

ÃÒt¶�ßÍVÆ›ßVÐÜÄ»Z�ZxScYñXcÁZiÁZ³ÃÑ6q²êLÅwŠ~YñXZkŸ~zŸsÆn

pŠÑgZ”|]ÑZÍwgèZ!ÅÆ0kZ,ÎZÑ]ãXÂW\ñäSyÎZÑ]ÆFÝw™Æu™Š{ßÍVÐ�Z[éÅZzg|]xVúŠZ£ñÃÌŠgcÄ�ÛâcXZzgzVäZKZK™Æ

_.¼Z�ZxÜÄZzg¼°xZ�ZxÜÄÆ!g{~–X1|]�ñúŠgèZvÅäZ,Zëçn~�Z[ÐIZv¬\Æ—gŠ¬ÅZzgQÏÐgÉðe„ZzgWyZv¬\Å§s

ÐW5i!y6tWeYg~ƒðXû ÎöØûÚø^møÃf©eôÓöÜû…øeôùoÖøçŸø�öÂø^ðöÒöÜ

ZkWeÐtƒƒð��ßvÜÄZ£tÆ�QyÃ}Zz0¬\Å§sÐÈŠz�-g\ÅÇ~»x!Zzg#b7XtŠ´


û17ü


ŸìZknT§b}ZÆ1VÆ7Ò3§õE

GEƒDgì�XQÏ

§bŒVÌÜÄ„ƒÏXpZ¤z{!i7WNÐXÂ}ZÃQyÅÃð6zZ{7X»x!ZÏ~ì�z{}ZÆ—g°æ YLYNZzgiZg~™,Z¤z{Z(7™,ÐÂ}Z»±Z[ñ�ŠìX¾nZk§bÐZ}ZäW\6|zZã™Š~ÂW\äZKgZñÉ™ŸŠ~�ÑZ³6qÁì:�Z³Ñ6X

(192 )ÎZöa/¢ZÍw™|]�ñúŠgèZvÅÃÜÄÐSkŠgzZA:›zZ�ZxÃŠN™ZkgZ3Ðâ-kƒäÆˆZyÃÜÄÅæ™Š~XZ,z‰Ü~ÌW\Å§]‚tWYCì�¾ŠgZ�ZxW\

ÆŠw~Ñz‰ÜZzgÜÄ»ìXzZ§W\ñÆZÖp~-VƒZXYÆWy~V»zZ§ì� 1910

ŠzPÆz‰ÜeZË%iZ©[á™r÷}0kWñ�Zqtg{™*ìW\igZñß~·Z™rÆky6=pááX÷}**™r÷âÜâZ[™rÃÌz;V&ÒðENZcŠåXZ~z;VàÂñß~·Z™rpZz™rñß~œgZ−+™rZzgZqcŠzWŠòz;V¬Ðñ�Š¸XpZz™räf™ÑzqH�W+Zkn�Zcì�|]ñß~™rÅË¹FgìX:Zkz‰ÜŠzPÃ�W+1Š~ìÂZkÐøg~¾nt™5ÂîGÃðZ+!]ðƒYz}�¢40î ELGE:ƒXZzgëßvW+¢ŠÑD��ë~ÐËÃÜÄÅpZé7ìXÁÐÁ~ZKfZ]ÅÚÂÈYƒV�=ÜÄÅpZé7Zzgñß~·

Z™rÌW+¸¢ŠÑD�Zk6ñß~·Z™r1á�=ÌCÙ¦pZé7XZkÆpZz™rä¹�ëÌW\Æ^ð LZÜÄÆ‡.ÞËÃ7ŠÙZzgëäZkZ%»ê™1ìpW\Zq!]™,�ÜÄ»êZkz‰ÜJ:ƒä

Š,XZJëÑƒgÐ:WYz,XZ(:ƒ�Ãð¿¢!i~™}ZzgúYŠƒXøgZZ"3Œé EGg¢zg™1Yz}X÷™räZæt�Z[Šc�;V)®~YŠSäcÃð?m¢zgƒãe’X1~äQkz‰ÜÅf)ŠZg~ÃCk™1Zzgô/ñ»§&÷~ÃzVÆ‚tWŠ�ZqÑÅñ�ŠÏ~Šzu}Æ0?mpZ{z{ZkÅzÃ]Æˆc„YV:ƒ*YìX:~äQyÃt�Z[Šc�ZqÑÅi0Ï~ZkÆYdÆ0$›4è

GGOE™Š´Zzgê™Šb�ZkÆ#V¿Ñ

ƒk{ìX~ÂZkZ%~¯x™äÃ„k{&ƒVXóó)WsTZÍw( 147 @146 œZ‰Ü™

ZkÐZq§sZyßÍV»qwÌ¥xƒY@ì�ÜÄ»Z�Zx7™DXŠzu~§s|]�ñúŠgèZvÅ»qwÌ

¥xƒY@ì�W\ÆŠw~¾Šg!3{ï EELÜÄ»Z�ZxåXQÑz‰ÜÐÌW5uö�¶z{ÌªCÙz!CÙ¶XZknW\Æq]å LzVäZ+ew»e;XTÐÑz‰ÜÅÃzVÐ


û18ü

( ÜÄZ£!îGOœ‚!�©»‚wœIguƒ )|]�ñúŠgñZvÅÃ¤ZcYnXaèÂÄ)®�ÂxÜÄ

Authority Æ@,ƒ@ìZkmÐÑz‰Ü»êWy~ƒCìXZknZqñ§Z(WcXT~|]ÑZÍwgèZvÅê™`¸XOçœgZ³ÅZqYGZŠÃZ&»z‰ÜWcÂšÒp7!iZgQÐËŠgÁ7Zzgg¬á6ZkÆ‚.â´Ã„&»ê|]ÑZÍw)gèZvÅ(ä™ŠcåZk6Z³Æ‰»g0zVä%æENzZocXzZ§Å,-Vì�çnZ°k~7ƒZXeZË±·8h4è NGE�á{™rä¹�ëßv}ZÆ—g�Z${�ZzgR;�Zzg|]™ñZŠ{™rÐ7Y…H™*e’XW\ä�Ûâc�Z|]ÑZÍw�ÛâD��Zk¿Ãg¬á™,Â…ÌZkÅg¬á™ãe’XeZË™räZk6¹�|]äÂZYi]Š}Š~ìXZâ‹cŠÂW+ZkÐ™s*gZWÆWUg¥xƒñXZzgW\ä¹�tâÂ*gZW6ŠÑª™@ì:�ZYi]6XZk6eZË™rZqD

½kÅT~8k0î EIGGZvZzg¾òZvÅW+@N™DgìXW\ä!g!g¸�Z[Šc�W\�eÂ™,÷}2ŠqÂ¸Â¸gZñŠg„ìXaè!¹‚g}MQyÆ6.3ð XEZ¸XZkn

Ò]gZñÐZKAYÆ_.êHXTÆ¿ZÖpt¸ŠgpZ„¦iây�á{™r'ZñÂW•Š*àgìXGg{-xÅ

£ŠZyÃŠ~¶QrVä8iïELAYêZ³gzBŠngZ~7™ZðX±iâV�á{»gzBzZ:ŠcYñXZiZVMZyZ³|]7Ò3ªî E

GEGZÅ.o-

÷GZÍwÅ}#Ö~ãZzgCc�têƒÆtg{ÐƒZìZzg™ñZŠ{™r˜k~ñ�Š¸|]ÑZÍwä|]™ñZŠ{™rÃÔ�ÛâcW\=pá‰|]

ÑZÍwä�ÛâcYVxVøg}7À.ð NVÅZk§bÜszgi~ÅYCì?W\ä²nH�~äÂ™sÈŠc�ZkZ%~

|]7Ò3ªî EGEGZ

Å.o-÷GÅ%è7XS=Zk§b7™*e345é XJGzgW\Å

’&½fõ GZYi]7É*gZWôìXt_5¾æ NE|]ÑZÍwñäMZyZ³Ð�Ûâc�Šd?ZkÃ¹™DƒXt÷}âÃ™ŠXZzg?ßvZj™:nXQ¹¼ÒÅZzg�ÛâcZ¤®~„'•ìXZCgzt$ßzg:}Z¬\Æ–VÐøzxƒYîÐX

(267 Ô™2007 )@gõZ£e¢Îì]h,·‡ŠcyÜÄÆ�VÅZ¤®Æçn~W5§]zZãìZzgW\Æq]å LzVÅÃÒ�Ñz‰ÜÐ$…è EOE™zZcYñXW\ÆŠw~Ñ»Z�Zx�åZk»»ŸtÌå�W\ZLW‡)Ñz‰Ü(Ð;c[ƒñXOçZkçn~ÌW5c.çGO]úcV¶XZk

Y(~W\ZÒZz‡]Ñz‰ÜÅÄ 1914 Y@1908 Šzg)~„¦ZgDXW5!'FXOçW\äˆ~Ñz‰ÜÐ)|]ÑZÍwñÆŠg!gÐ(d-ö NEƒð!'Zzg@Zc]ÃÒy�Ûâc

ìZzgz{ZkŠgîs��)ª|]�ñúŠñÆfg=Òy�ÛñŠ{|]ÑZÍwñÆŠg!gÅ!'(Z¤¦ÅYNÂZqx

?Â[0$ËìX°ZÒwÒ]ÄÆmÐzZhŠzzZu]tg]Æîg67GYD�XZÍw:ZqŠi²|]ÑZÍwñh}Ð°æ YL‰¸X±*úŠW\Æ0kÆ™¬™gìZzgW\1Ð™Z{gì¸�F!g�xWc�xV*ÜZ£™r¡‚uîg6Fg�|]±*)|]�ñúŠñ(|]ÑZÍwÅFg~Æ!t_5¾æ NE{ñlƒ‰X1|]ÑZÍwZkz‰Üƒl~W\ñät!]_è NE

àXW\ä_5åGO*úŠÅ§sZC¥cIguHZzgËŠg*gZWÆL~�ÛâcXLLxV?‰7óóZzgQ¹�?Y…ƒ±ø LÅFg~ÅZ:qWŠòŠ}™ŠìXz{vgZg„7z{|][ñúŠmZ?x»7@ÌìXSk6¦*úŠñÃ!ŠÁ*pZ3Q37ZXóó


û19ü

( ÜÄZ£!îGOœ‚!�©»‚wœIguƒ )qÑ]zZu]ÜÄZÍw( 570 )@gõZ£e¢Îì]h™

ZkÐ¥xƒ@™5ÂîGW5‡.Þg—uå EL¶�Ñz‰ÜÅÄÃghäÃ»g7ƒCZzgZkÄÆ£.Þ6ZLdÅ¡‚u

]øŸûøÚû³³³†Êø³çûÑ]Ÿûø�øh ´ªÃy™ŠcXZzgQkz‰ÜQÐghZZZñ§WcXªpŠÑz‰ÜÅÌ.Z+¶�ZLZk Õ

�Ûâ'ŠZgâñxÃ¯6Ð7åENZ7™*eS¶XOçZ,FzZu]Ñz‰ÜÆŠg!g~Wñ�‰ßvZkŠg!g~pZ{(Z{Z+uJÆgT�Ñz‰ÜÃ'Å¢zg]ƒC¶ZzgW\ÃI7@å�Šz„Z[YM�XZk§bÆzZu]Å§sZ�ág{

™DƒñpŠ|]�ñúŠgèZvÅ�ÛâD��LLW\)|]ÑZÍwgèZvÅ(ZLicŠ{FgƒDÂ�ÛâDŠz„=páYNZk6Zqäðßv−YDZzg!¹

ÆgTXðh~ŠkÆW\Q�ÛâDŠz„=páYNZk6ZqäðZzg−YD6W\ŠÙZ[Ì‰ßvÆ�ÂQW\�Ûâc™DZ[�ŠZgÌ)L�ÛâDZ[aŠO~Ì(−YNÈt�Z,ßv�B��ë#¥7z{ÍcZLW+

�ŠZg)caŠO~(ŒÛZgŠï��=ZkÂg{ÃŠÚ»Zk§bñ§ïY@�ZW\�ÛâDŠz„QJ™−YNZzg~ÌQÞÂW\ñ�ÛâDW\Æg�÷ZÈW\Ð7Zkn=FŠiW\ÐtL{]4/õ NEE»ñ§$ÿ LŠXóó

fZ!Z 15 )g‚!o~�zYŠÅgzbÃ_Å¢zg]™fZ!$g* 1956m26 Y[-�ÛñŠ{ 1932 �Ñð 7

(12 ‚Ñ:�™Ñz‰ÜÆn|]�ñúŠñÆ›w~�Z�Zxåz{W\Æ

èÃg{!ÑqÑ]zzZu]ÐªCÙƒ@ì´z{Zi,W\Æ™ŠZg~t¿Ì�áïåOçtZ�ZxÜÄ„å�W\�ÌZë»x™D

z{Ñz‰ÜÅZYi]Ð™DOç}!ïGLŠ+c™¬îVÆ‚BZq>Z»gZv�W\ä‡ìÅÂ—gÅZYi]³„‡ìÅXQßyuÆnP{pŠZ‰H1ßyu6YäzZá)|]aŠO~ì·(wñÃ'ZÓgZ„ZyZY]7Š�

ÉÑz‰ÜÅ}#Ö~ZÐ7™ÆQy„Æfg=tg¶Š¶ÅZ+¬ÅXtÌZ�ZxÜÄÆ»ŸÆîg6H�ÌÂ[z){

˜QÐZ�á®ÐIÑz‰ÜÆD~Ñ™W5Z&bZzgZYi]³„�áù�ÛâDZzgÑz‰ÜÆÜsQàzZàCÙWzZi»›Ãq™DXOçW\äZ³Z»gZvÅY+Ðg‚!LLÜÄ

YÃ�áù�ÛâcXZkg‚!Æ0|]� 1913 âga 23 Z£tóóñúŠgèZvÅä�Ûâc�

LLÜÄÆ0�¼–ìz{z„!'�X»×�Z[ÜÄZ£t~|]ÑZÍwÆâ�Z³Z»gZväŠcå'T»pŠÑZÍwä¬›cZÐŠ¬Z&b�ÛâðZYi]Š~Xóó

TZÍw( 46 )ZÁwZ™¾qwÑz‰ÜZzgÜÄÆ™7VÆÜsW\äZ+„}â]Å�6�ŒÛzÈQz\~|]{−0z6ñäWÀ]

-ZvmzÅZzg#Y™ZxÆnÅ‰XZzgtZ+|¶�pŠÑz‰ÜQÐt�ÛâD¸XOç|]ÑZÍwñäç0+ÜÄÃ#¥™DƒñXŠv!'ŒäÆˆtÌ"54-<é GEEGXS�ÛâcXLLZ¤?icŠ{izgŠzÐÂcŠgÅ÷}0kZ,{ÉåL0z6��»'ç NDzVÅ§bwZŠ,ÐXóó

(207 YfZ!ÎZöa/™ 1912 �y 28 )$gSkZ%zZ§ÅzŸs™DƒñZq%ûW\ä�Ûâc�


û20ü


LL|]ÑZÍwñÅÜÄÆÜsZçƒñÂ|]ÑZÍwä�Ûâcå�fzg#Öƒ÷}0k{−��vgZuÂhŠ,

Ð1Qkz‰ÜÎZñ÷})ZÅ.}Ñ

÷Z>úŠñ*�(Ãð{−7åXÜs~Zq¿åTäW5§sÐŠÃqH'''ZzgZyÐe:‚wÇ1_54è NEGX

]h™ 18 YfZ!@gõZ£e¢ 1957 âga 15 )ZY( 2007 ,·‡Šcy 279

|]�ñúŠgèZvÅÅt§]�ÜÄÆZ�ZxÆmÐ¶z{Ñz‰ÜÐ7æ{:¶XÉÑz‰ÜÅ§sÐZkZ¤®z�Ûâ'ŠZg~cyZ•dÌ7ÅY_¶XOç|]

ÑZÅ.o-

÷GZÍwgèZvÅäzZãZÖp~�ÛâcLLxVúŠ!ÚìZkÐ7bßz{\CéFO�Ûâ'ŠZgìX;VZq

2nÈYì�C�Ûâ'ŠZg7X17X~p[Y}ƒV�z{÷Z\CéFO�Ûâ'ŠZgìXZzgZ(�Ûâ'ŠZg�?)~Ð(ZqÌ7Xóó

(204 )fZ!ÎZöa/¢ZÍw™Zv¬\ëƒÃ|]�ñúŠgèZvÅÅt]4ï NEG�Z�ZxÜÄ

ÆmÐªCÙìQkÅSMP™äÅÂ=«�Ûâñ�ƒíz'•ZÏ~ìXzZ:vg[Z°=X

úŠ™Ægh,ÐëhÃWDggzñi}ÃpZ{h*7}…


û21ü


§>©XZz™sq{)(xñß~œpgæZ£™rœgÀòg1{(

)ikÃ*y|]7Ò3ªî EGEGZÅ.o-

÷GZ{¬Å§]©ÅZq¿¡ìTÃ‡gMÆZ.Š{Æn7HYg;ìXZŠgZ{(æg�Z£t‡ŠcyÅ‚Â,)®~~ZÍwg;ZkÆˆŠgz

Zz\YeZ£t‡Šcy~ŠZ4ƒZ—gg¶Zv¬\YeZ£tÆ6±¸YeZ£tÅ½ÆŠzgZyW\ä÷~½zF"3ïGEGÅ§s{mÂzg¿XfÐŸ‡ŠcyÐ!CÙZoøzVZzg5V~=páYc™DW\ZÌË*~ËqÆn=páYD=¢zg‚BáYDZzg=½k™ä»¬ŠïZ~½kÐÃgrƒ@ÂƒÆ‚t÷~°p™Æ

÷~j,Z‚ÛZð™DXW\ÃZL�á¤ŠzVÅ¡Å¹„gSZyÅ¡Æn˜VZzgDZÛZ(g�ÛâDz;VZL�á¤ŠzVÃ

KÆnÀ˜"5Ïî GG16áYDZqŠi16K»6z¤Zx¯cÓxZ‚E{Zzg¥Ã¬Šc�ƒ"5Ïî GG16K™,X16<Zzg¾ZÅÆ£�VÆ´z{W\äøg}3äZzg]V»ZOxZK{môZã~�ÛâcXZ3*3äÐÃgrƒñÂW\ä�Ûâc

�Z[YeZ£tÆCY»½k~£¨ƒÇCÙHgÃ&4I*y»ÄZyCcY¨Zzg½kÌÜs&4ÅƒÏ¼Cä

ZL*xpŠ�Zñ¼ÆW\äZzgZ‚E{™ZxäpŠ�ZcXW\=#¥™Æ�ÛâäÑpgæ?ä*x7�ZñX~ä²nÅ=J4!i»xì†´ƒZì~H½k™zVÇ?W\ä�Ûâc7?½g™zÐX~ävgZ*x0cì~*Š6zZ�Z˜{ñlg;XŠzu~½kÑzqƒðÂ—gZŠkä=�Ûâc�ZkÆ

vg~½gƒÏXÄZyìLLW�ã!Š�á>ØÔÄZy]4/õ NEG„~¼6.yƒZ�~ZkzWz²!*yÃ&œV~ùÖVZÌZkQŠP0~å�W\ä=WzZiŠ~�Z[?½k™z~½k

Æn9ZÂƒŠp½kÆ»ƒäJ=tZˆk:å�~HÒy™g;ƒVX¾qw½k»ƒð³�Â~ZÍwg;Zzg—gZŠkZzg]Z‚E{½~>~÷~°p™gì¸~ä—g

ZÜZgHå Ð²nÅtW\ÅÃZzgÂzÅ@|ÐƒZìW\ä��~½k¢zg™zVÂ¥xƒ@ì�W\ÅÂzÐW\ÆgzqãEx»¼ZWÂZk²�~{‚g6ÌƒŠzg:ðWß�ðŠZß

zZ−%jxÅzÃ]Æˆ=½Yg~gp~J)]»‚o™*7ZpW\Å.Zzgu64ÅzzÐ(²�"„~Ð¦gŠW\äZipŠ=Cñ%œgZ³Z£tÐ÷}nWJgz[âƒZg(znàg™zZcZkÐ=¹–gZƒZZyŠâVWJgz[âƒZgí‰¾dZzg"–gZ¤DÆ

n¹Ô¸t:ÌƒDÂ—gä�÷}‚B›Zzg\g»|uHz{¹(~Šzª¶�íqÝ¶X

ñß~Ãå»ZJyŠ¶Æˆƒë)®Šz2VätpZéªCÙÅ�|]ZŠkg¶Zv¬\Zzg6sÆ‚BIZðYñ|]ZŠkg¶Zv¬\Ð²n™äÆn=¹ŠXOç|]âZ[·Z{y™rÅÃ_6Y™~ä¯IÆnŠgpZ„Š~&W\älÙàg�ÛâcX

KWð;ðZjwÆ'Wæ{Æ!CÙ†Z°iZt™r&;0î XGä¯Ià�Ç:WðQŠz!g{¯IÆn²nÅˆZkŠiÌW\øg~Š−Zg~ÆnlÙ=páWñX

Y~~ŠgzU6~ŠZ4ƒZt‚wñß~ÃåÆ 1943ZJyÅ»g~»‚wå~äZJy~Zd»x!Æ”wÆ


û22ü


nJœÅeçJœâà)]Zzg½ZÅ¶ÅzzÐ÷~~1943 ¡»°°æ YLˆ$yÅAcV!CÙòWN¾qw#

ñß~Ãå»ZJyŠ}ŠcXYeZ£tÐ…gÁƒX³å~Š{â{!¹¸X#ÆWy~ZqŠyW\ä=ZKÃ_Z™]šc�ÛâäÑLLpgæ~Š8ƒVvg~¡¹°æ YLˆ

ìëPgziJeÛi~Ygì�?Ìøg}‚F|YîÐXvg}¡ÇƒYñÏXYî»g~™zXóóeÛi~~ëŒÛãegâ{gìZk²�~W\äYeZ£tÆ&Z‚E{ñÑ*Zgr{y™r%jxXñÑ*Z1ZÅšŒéY™r%jxZzgŠ}ñÑ*ÔZ1Zd™rÔŠÏZzgŠzCYñß~Ýx!g~™r¢Zzgñß~†Z;k™rÃÌ§ÆnšcZyƒä—gg¶Zv¬\Æ

¶y{y~Gg{gziiÐZqâ{JªxHY½™§ÅZzg—gäÌZy{§zæZg]{mÂzÐÅZW\ätCkH�Z[eÛi~ZyƒÆnzV6úcVÃWäÐìÂZ7YäÅZYi]Š~ZyƒÆªxÆŠzgZy~ä—gg¶Zv¬\Æ

n{Igu6Zq{mä]Zzg.Š@W\ZL¶âVÅ{§ŠZg~ÜsZL5iñV6:ghDÉZÒZz‡]FŠi3ä»ezôc]VÅelW\pŠZV™øg}0káWDZzg�ÛâDt

Ì3NQZÐVZ‚E{Zzg¥÷BÅ>ƒCÂ¹(èZtZzg�~YwŠZga›ZqŠzu}6ÅY&X4yZv÷


û23ü


z‰Üå�¦gŠZzgQ;B:WcZzgù!'•ZzgZvzZá)gv¸�ZkŠ*Ð‡;g‰Z[gzbÃúZzgs[ŠßVÃŠ;gkŠ¶ÆnZyÅ–ãcŠ,ZyÅ\g~!'ZzgZyÅŠszm

—Z�„!¹��ZycŠzVÃÀz$!yâVÅ§bßgcVŠnsŠî�X

ZyƒÆ−YäÆˆ~W\Æ‚B„g;ZzgZkz‰ÜzZ:WcZW\eH™/z+Bºé EFyeÛi~ÐzZ:=pÑñeÛi~~ªxÆŠzgZy~äZL‚BW\»ZzgH™/»

|u¹#:Š¬÷}nz„3*{ZcY@�W\pŠ3DÉ|]H™/Æ¬6ŠzâVz‰ÜŠzŠ|ÅZq\àZzg¼V{ZñYD@�Zh½ZZzgŠzŠ|Ð÷~¡ZhƒYñOçZv¬\ÆaÐZzg—gg¶Zv¬\Zzg|]H™/ÅZL{Šx6{m.ZzgÂzÐeÛi~~ªxÆŠzgZy÷~¡»°Zhƒ¶X

—gg¶Zv¬\Åt.¡v°ZvZzg—gÆìw~Zqf�ÑëZzgÑp¤DÅŠ−Zg~Æn¶—g»ìwå

�t¤Dðh~ÏÂzÆ‚B¹¼0YìOç—gäZÏÃtÐ=âZiZXZzg÷}‚B›Zzg.»z„|uH�ZqxZ*ŠZLÑë�á¤ŠÐcZq!\ZKZzÑŠÐ™Yì

|Ì¸ì�|]ZŠkg¶Zv¬\Åu64Zzg.ä=!\ÅcŠ>Š~Zzg÷~WÒ{i0Ï~»x!Åz{gZ�ÅwŠ,ÎÅÜZéu64Æ%÷}nÂåX~ÂZq

)["–gZZzg"za¤DåX—gÅ.Zzgu64„¶Tä=–gZŠcZ0ƒ}~gzÝ«ÅZzg�Z[J÷}n!i›ÿ I

LgZ{»»xŠ}g„ìXeÛi~~ªxÆŠzgZy¹ŒÛdÐ~ä|]ZŠk

g¶Zv¬\Zzg|]H™/%j)ÆZz™½q{zZÜt¬D5±GZyÅ,$¨45é GGGESZqÂ[6”ƒÏTÅ{−ÆnZk*y~Aö7~fs~Zk»¿f™™zVÇX~ä¬f™Hì�~ñß~Ãå»ZJyŠ¶ÆˆeÛi~Wcå³»ZOgåXZqgzi~Zzgñß~Ýx!g~™r¢§

™äÆˆu°ze6zZ:Wgì¸�gZ3~(xñß~†Z;k™r¸Ë¸vWDA…Š¬ÂizgÐ=Igu!ŠŠ~Zzg¹�W\ÃIguƒñß~Ãå»³òWcìXW\º[-âg;~ZÍwWñ�t]4/õ NEG„~äz�>{]ZŠZHÃ_

|]ZŠkg¶Zv¬\Å}#Ö~|]ƒñÂW\øg~ZOg~¸¹uzg¸=ŠÙ„�ÛâäÑxVpgæ)t

xV»Ä=eÛi~W™5å(IguƒW\º[-Eg;~Top ZÍwWñ�÷Z¬„ìwå�W\ZkŠi-âg;~

7icqÝ™,Ð÷}‚¹Vä¹�Z[Zy6‹ðzZZƒìZk6—gä�Ûâc�ZyÅ‹ð~îîVÇOç—gZŠkäZqŠzgziˆ÷~Zd»x!ÅpÙ~ZKÃ_~�á0ZgŠú]Š~T~|]ZŠk7Ò3ªî E

GEGZÅ.o-

÷GZ{ãÔ|]eZËºZv™r%jxZzg]Z£~Zx[�Zkz‰ÜeÛi~=pÑñƒñ¸šñZkñµ6>'{„ƒäÆ—g7Ò3ªî E

GEGZÅ.o-

÷G

Z{ã¼z‰Ü|]ZŠkÆ0k„gìZkz‰Ü—gä|]ZŠkg¶Zv¬\Ð�Ûâc�pgæÃZzgZyÆ‚¹VÃMVä

ñß~Ãå~Zh7icàì¹Yñ�z{i0Ïz�™,÷}¯kSoIguZ£™räŠ~7icZzgñß~·¢y™räa¶qÝÅ¶Oç|]ZŠkg¶Zv¬\ä=Zzg÷}‚¹VÃ—g»t�xàŠcXT6ëäZKi0Ïz�™Š~X


û24ü


eÛi~~ªxÆŠzgZy÷~e-KY—gÆÐV”VÃ7JäZzg§™*¶XOç!‡°{te-KZŠZ™@g;ZkÆ´z{—gg¶Zv¬\ÅpZé¶�~@ZUZ

Å+B-<å EGX»ZgŠzFÀ™zV—gä�Ûâc�ZkÆ0�œª»Šg»gƒ=CîpZ\kì�=Zk

d‘Å§s¹Á�Û›Q¶&~7gZ:™e™ñZŠ{%iZZ÷Z£™rÂZkz‰Ü0õb‚wÅ/~¸XZkn§Æz‰Üz{‚gZgZ3awWDYDpŠzâV™ñZŠcVZãZ,g™/ZzgZãZ>™/ZÌgK‰Zkn~LZ7`@ZzgLÍŠ~ZV@ZzgL+ðV6è©Zkn=õì�|]

[ñúŠmZ?xÅ77ZV|]ÑUãÅ7ZVZzg|]

ZŠk7Ò3ªî EGEGZ

Å.o-÷GZ{¬g¶Zv¬\Å@VÃ~äZKÍŠZzg

+ðV6§™ZðìZk§b~äz{'•qÝÅìX�Zk{0ZyÆ‚BZÜmZzgo]Æ‚BmgpzZáÃqÝƒCìXeÛi~ªxÆŠzgZyZqñ§Z(Wc�—gÆ0kÃð{Šx:g;

|]H™/ÅË¼*‚igS¶Xð*¸Æz‰Ü~ä—gÃ!zgc{:~*¸Å»g~™DŠ¬~¯gU!zgc{:Š~äZÜZgÆˆ'@pŠeáZzg3*»g™äÎX5ixYJŠzegŠyëäpŠƒ¼»gHZk²�~—g*Zzg3äÅ»g~~pŠÑqƒD÷}!g!g²n™äÆ!z�Š3*»gƒäJ!zgc{::ghDZzgíÐicŠ{ZL;BÐ

3äÅ»g~™DXZ7ŠâVgK™ñZŠ~ZãZÔ™/äË1Å�zzÐ_60{:™ŠcXW\ä=WzZiŠ~Š8ƒVX�—gäZqßL

~0ã0kg3ìZzg0{:ÎÀZZL;B~ñZƒZì=ŠN™�ÛâcxVpgæW\ZkßLÐ0ã·N~ÀZŠð@ƒV~

ä¹ZÜZgH~{ŠxZk»xÃpŠ™zVÇW\ghŠ,pW\ä÷~Zq:d-ö NEOç~ä0ã·cZzgW\ZL;ðVÐÀZ0uHXtzZu]„CÙ©àÃWD�pZy~—gg¶Zv¬\ÆZÜt¬D»ZÖgƒ@ìZL�á¤ŠzVÅ³]zƒ*ZkuJ�ZkÅŠàWâŠÏÆ!z�ŠZLfZC»ñV»1úZ4:eZÜe;X2XZâ(~ÑzgffZCz{0ZãzY>ØÆ!z�ŠW\Å

"zZÎg~»tqw»�!zgc{:~šØ3*åä»»xÑzq™ŠcX

%: 3XW\}ZxZÑ£t%œtÆœgZy»ñVÐz‡g¿»i


û25ü


)®Ã7HX4XZL”VÆ‚BW\ÃZzg|]H™/%jxg¶Zv¬\Ã�›Zzg\gåÀZŠðäÆzZ§ÐZk»io]~äZKW\VÐŠ¬X5X¬xyzV~ç~6Yz*Yƒ!geZwŠcY@ìyw»ñV

~ç~»;BJäÅ§sÂz7Š~YCZzgç~Ã³]zƒ*»z{£x7ŠcY@�ZÐŠcY*e’ZkzZ§Ð…t$ÌïY@ì�¢zg]Æz‰Üç~Æ»x»`~Zk»;BJ:e’X

Y~ƒZŒÛãegâ{z;VgìZŒ‚w 1943 eÛi~~øgZ^Z7ŠâV{‚gÃ—gg¶Zv¬\Åö~HŒÛãegâ{g�»

ñ§5XZkÆ—gg¶Zv¬\|]H™/%j)Æ´`ÆnŠ‹=pá‰z;VÌ—gÆ‚BŒÛãZqâ{g;Xƒâg7gÆ*�ñúŠ~~Ì—gÆ‚B„ÑqƒZXZyÓxzV~=—gZŠkg¶Zv¬\Å!'•ÄÐ¹¼qÝƒZXNh~¸VÅ§ZzgªxÐ÷~¡Zv¬\ÆaÐ»°ZhƒˆXQ—gZŠkg¶Zv¬\ÆZÎk}Ðt'•Z+ŠZìƒð�Zˆ~÷}fZCqÑ]ÅzzÐ~—gZŠkg¶Zv¬\Æ‚BÚgZ‚:gÄeÂÌ=CÙ‚wNh6ªxÅÂ=Qg„�Z[JÌZv¬\ÆaÐïg„ìZ:vzg:÷}âàqÑ]Z,:¸�yÆZyZY]ÌƒMNh~´VÅ§Â¹ŠzgÅ!]¶tƒZy0ußÍVÅ0u>Zzg$�ç EEL™x»;åX

—gÆŒÛ[~~ä—gg¶Zv¬\Æ¹ÐzZu]ŠA�Òy™zVÂ*yMƒ@ìXeÛf~Æ^Æ7g}zZu]Òy7

GXHZzgŠþÆZzZu]Â¹îs�ZzgQz{^�ƒâg7g»~ä—gÆ‚BH{mîg6‡&ÿELf™ìZzg|]ñÑ*Z1ZÅšŒéY™rÅ™ñZŠ~ZãZvpgæ™/Ð÷~�áŠ~Â{mîg6—g

g¶Zv¬\Zzg|]H™/g¶Zv¬\ÅâZiØV»³¶XZv¬\(1983 )Ziâx){−g1{Z6sÔ# Zy!'•z�ŠÆ�zŠÃ‡ìzŠZìgÇXW}


û26ü



û27ü


ZqlkgZÉ)8©3�î EGE™Š‘z(

)*y˜å WE��|]7Ò3ªî EGEGZÅ.o-

÷GZ°Z,òÅÂ�~–ŠìZÃŠ{¬xÆn�áïZ�á®HYg;ì(

¾}Zz™s™Z:™zVùÒVŒßg]Œ§]»å$ðGNi0{¶V

ZqxgzqãÑÔZqlkZzgYZ;ggZÉÔZq·ŠggzqãBÔ.eÀz$!yÔgŠzgZzguZ0âgz'•Ôz�ŠTÅŠ¬îV»;CÙ{mz¬xÃ(g;X\g»z{Œ(T

äpâV1äÆeà2ñXTäZK—ZVVÐŠgqzVÅeJg°•JNXTä)®Ã„7ÉZ+ÃëÆZ|[2ñXQkäi0ÏÆCÙñh6Zq6![»ZŸ†HX¾š»¿åz{T»CÙÂŠßV~ZF™iY)

X©XH"�á²åT»gZvŠwÆ@gzVÃg™Ï0Y@X÷Š°!'ZzgZŠdå�zVÐWÙgLXZq"Z•‡.ÞZzgíÉ�ŠzZîVÆ‚BZK%æFNëgŠ¬îVÐŠÅV»æZzZ™@X

XgzZã¶ZkÅ%g~HHåQkÑpWzZi~XHgÌZ(…»ZzgZ0Zi~ZÚŠH�ŠßVÃñ{©X"u6z‡gZzg!gëg

åT»ÃðœË»gíÐøzx:g;X}Z¬\äZiwÐ„ZkæÃ(~ZôoÐFZ�áåTÅ®äCÙð NZYÑHXQkÅ‹ó]Ð™zhzVY�gzV6§»NhI^7Z1z{6Š+Zzg}Z»èƒšîVÆ‚t"y0ŠXQkäZsxÅu—~ÆnZÞ¾]z@GÆ‚Bxµ1V»ZZYHXZLfZgZŠzVÆ‚B‚BZ�ÛZ›)®Ã¢oHXZLŠw¤C\gzVÆjA—™@g;Xz{¹Š8gZÚ

Zzg&gÅcå�Šc§)~gTƒñÌCÙZeYÆ‚tB4ƒŠX}Z¬\6»ï¢ZzgÂÀ„Âå�z{WÑxzrTÅ{-V~ÌpìVÆŠx°@g;X}ZðtgÂVZzgg8VÆ‚tÒZkÆazZˆyÆ‚BZ£eÅ*înCÙîÃyÐà«

òŠZzgF¹ÅgZƒV6Šxâg@`ŠXQkä(~¼®ÐŠÔ»CÙzZgB61zg}Z¬\Æi0{¶âVÐZK»xçVÃ

™@g;XW�yÐÁc]z™xÅ!g/*iwƒCg�Xz{¾dZßí)�Û¢zgå1Z(÷»gzZVTäZq¬KgzqãZz['0™ŠcXìz;Qk»lg0_¶TÅâh¬ÝZØZzg‡Šg}Z

Ð0™ÇìÇìZI»gzZVÆlV6k‰™ŠêXQkÅÜÄ»ZR‚!ŠzgZq»Š�áyÐZ½ZåXQkÅ"VwªŠ]ä

˜V™zhzVgzjVÃ§Z[Hz;V°zñZ£eÆnZqkŒZgåXZ(*c[ÍCÙZzg"n{Åqï�Âœ-V~aZƒZ™CìX

øg}8[|]7Ò3ªî EGEGZÅ.o-

÷GZ°Z,gèZvÅÆŠg+{Šzg~Dz²ÃyÅ0cVŠwgZ]˜g�XZq„Î¶QkW@ZsxÃ�µâqZyÃ}Z¬\ÅE›‚ƒYñT~z{pŠ.VåXZq„§ZzgG\¶�|]·-ZvmzÅÅÑŠßV

y™YñTÆG~z{pŠu�ágåXz{ÂZ§ƒ[åZL&BjèEL

ZW»T»lk*xbV6Wä„ÐQk»Šw�Ûo›Ð£Y@ÔW\VÐW²îVÅQ~µYCX\gÆt2gZätDƒñz{¬ÔgÎwH�gZzg?Š3ðŠêå�CÙŠÚZzgGzZÑMWƒñ%:g{YX

Z§ZÈgZÓñÑc"Z(ggzŠ¶zZÑÔCÙœQyÅg;ðcZKYy¢ZiGg‚åXQyZ§zV»ŠgŠ!gÇÓZÞ~�ÛcŠ0Y@XQm

NW�²¶vJEZzg!gZÈgØ»4zwƒY@ìX�


û28ü

( ÜÄZ£!îGOœ‚!�©»‚wœIguƒ )*g}â0ƒ‰QyÅcŠñ0™Qk9x›wÃåxgXW²îV»c[å�ZLñÑÅgŸ6ŒÛ!yƒY@XZL\gzVÅ]Zð»§QÐZLÑ¬DÐâ²w:™eXz{ZK)®cåZzg

)®Qkc¶TÅÉŠ~cŠg]äQk8[ÃOåZzgz{Zk~!@zsg;X

¡²ZVcZÚg±ZÖ�CÙËÅ1QÐŠ{™ŠîXQyÆ*iu_!]ZzgZˆ‚]Å0‡Zg~ZzgZ�Zx»ŠgkŠêg;XZ£tyZâV~0À{p´VQkÆŠwÃ=!lç O]#‰XFš»Ãy‚Uå�Òy:HƒXExŠ&40î GEGƒcŠ*ÔDˆƒc‚bÔD¥ƒcZŠ[Ô'×Zb»Uƒc)]»çnÔExÆtQkÆf�zîƒä6ÍZ{¸Xz{ŒÛWyz<ZzgŠÑbz'Z�Ð

CÙ‚bÅŠà−™ä~CÙŠxÃ�áVgLåXhÆ|ÙZLZLZŠgZuÆ_.Zy�ZâVÐnƒDgìXZzgZ¶YZvŠ*

å„Zk*Ð§Z[ƒCgìÏXZ£taÂZkÆŠwÅgzÞ0`¸ÎŠN™ZkÅÓx

•ŠzgƒY'XQy»‚BZzgFšQmŠzª¶ÔQyÅ*i'ŠZgcVQkÅpÙXZzgz{gzbgzZV¸Qy<VÆXÃ\g»tPZŠ{(~e>ØÐ'×#èGOE™@åX?½ÐZ7f343ï XGEG¿X

~ZvZzggÎwZv-ZvmzÅÅ0À{cŠ,zZhƒ'XQkÅ�ÛZ„äe;�WäzZàYV~Z+¯`»gƒYñ�Š´zŠ*z~ExÐWgZ3ƒ™Â©ZÞÆgZvWÑíƒñÔ8[}ZÅQ¿ÐagZzg;ðV~ŒÛWyÅcåó‚g~Š*6YYNXZsx„Zy»Zzh−Zzg–*ƒZzgz{ZLŒ™ŠZgZzg%gÐŠßVÃ

Û™|]·½-ZvmzÅÆŠñVÒáWNX‚ŠÏZzgZÎg~~z{8[6zZymJåZkn¾d6zg~

Qk»ŠOxg;Xz{*ŠZgzV»ñ÷zÁZgåX»ŠÄZÐ"u™Šê

Zzg‚ZYzgZyÅW‚öZzg�ÛsÅgZ�ˆl™@Xi0ÏÆWy~Zcx~ÌZ(»g*)uZ�xŠ}Š�6gzVÅpÙZzgú»!ƒZX

}#ÖŠ+Zzg}#ÖZ+»"C{_/ZkÆŠw~ñbyå��ZJVÆn„ºm:åÉCÙg8z±Zzgè<ØzI6

”åXZÜmzÃZk»uâtÔ\gzZ¿Zk»ìZgŠ~Zzg5'.ïJG

QkÅY�ZzgzZˆyZk»{�åi@zZâ-Qk»ÃgÔc›}ZZzg›gÎw-ZvmzÅ~ZkÅ]»43ïGEG¶Xz{w‡h»æZðZzgZL*xÅ§b"u0Zzg0g‚åTÅi0ÏŠ¬îVÐ

„g]¶Xz{Z("ÑZzg"gcåTÅe�ZzgZ™ÔTÅgÃÐZzgzuÒ54èGGÔTÅË×VZzg•ÔZkÅÏZzgæ¬ÔZk

ÅÐZzg»z/Ô„Š'Zzggcr54èEG

GÔZm"ß_}‘Xƒ„ÂZLg„Æn‰XZk»gz*Zzg¥¥Z*ÔZk»«Zzg¦*ÔZk»

§ZzgpÙÔ¾]Zk»CÙ‚÷ZzgCÙœÂZL}Zcz�åXz{8[å}ZÃZzg}ZZÐ8[åXZLzíÅcŠZÐŠy™Šî1gŸñZÞZkÆgægŠwc%ë0YCX

‰hŠ+cx�á4ið XZgZzg$-VÆÜs˜Š»D—™äzZÑåXbszšº~¾wŠgzgpzZÑÔgZÓ}Z~ïñzgŸ»qï�zÃZzgŒÛ!ãÅ�á0ZgVw‡ì™ŠXz{¹YxVZzgJÔ

yzægkåT»Z-ZyZkÆ¬<VZzggzjVÅ§Z!Æn�ggLåXZkÆ�ZV³ZìZzgYÄZ—Z�Zye�gzVÆZZyÃ¾e#‰XZ™Zxœ»"uŠ−ZŠ{Ô¶âZi~Zk»8[råXZv¬\ÅpÛŠ~Zzg'QßUÅtZŠZNÌZÐ¹³m‰TÅpÙZkÆtlZzglkn{ÐÈVƒCXZLZIzÈwÆnZqpzg]lzZ;�íÁíÁÑQÅ4+‚åXFg~ÆZcx


û29ü


¬\(ä}Z„Æ¬ÐÜÄÅgŠZÃZzgZ£eÆ6zZäŠ-Z:zZgZvÅ£zzY™DƒñZKÓÆ°æ YLŠ¦ƒ‰X\gz›ÔZôgzÆZáÔzÃZzg¬ÅZ+ÃðVwZkŠ*Æ6Š{67ï$ËX

tgzbÂFŠ-ZâVÅƒZ™CìT»§ÒZqÐiZ¤®Zzg!©}å GL

§]�gŸñ!g~ƒXZ}Š\.è IELZ£e!¾~ë~$Á„g„ZzgZk!gÌÂä

âèÅ§bZLìÅ3ðXZ}ŠßV6lZ¼›°äzZá!ëk…gÈ}Zy’VÃ¢zggz×gOÐZzgZyz°zVÃ7gZ™äÅ½7gÃÒ™Dg�ÐX»ëä�ÐÇ!0JåZzgZy(cŠzVÃi0{gO

ÐX)Z¶YZv(@ZL\gzVÅ§sÐ¾~gzbÃQ~ƒZNBg�ZzgëÌgZÄ%ÄÅqª~YyŠ¶zZáƒVX[zu~»tgZ`ŠÑgZ¾�áyÐZkŠ*ÐgÁƒZ²}ZZkÐZzgZz{}ZÐgZèåXZv¬\ÅÑözŠg¤Zzg'QQk6CÙWy*iwƒVX

YäzZá+AôGNE?ƒ!gZÈgØ»4zw

WäzZáµCÙœ¾ZtIV)sŠZi¦*¤CÙ�)®Z£t'¤6(

~Ì½‰ÜÆ!z�ŠZL�ÛZø>»ÚZQVñg3XZ}"C{§VÆqgZzg"Ñg$!EVÆÉ!ÂH\gZLìT6}ZZzgZkÆ�Û¤VäÌ*iHX$ðGN÷}åTÅ›½~Ã,CÙ¾z*¾6Š¬0™7'XÃyHì�$ðGNë~7X¾~Š‡Zi!'Ô¾~ŠAcŠ,Ô¾~Š_©�Ô¾~%æFNÎiŒÛZY'Ôz5‡'ZzgÏÂøg~gzjV~rƒð�X¾~%æFN

Õx]0À{Zg�áŠZ]Zzg¾}Z%w_!]ÅíÐÂ+Z£eåugìÇX¾~Yf[Ã,Zzg;g‚V

z�ŠÂøg}nÄgZ{ìZzgÜÄÐzZÕøg~YyìTÃ±™ä~$ðGNäZKYyÅ!i~ÎŠ~Zzgìz;ä¾}ŠxaóZ}øg}\g}W‡!¾~]ZðÆœóÐÂ¾}Y�g"uâƒñXÃyÏWç¶�Z\g:¶XÃy‚Šwå�

_ZgZzgx,:ƒZX"rÔ"egÏZzgÎÍZg~ÃpsŠZ!5¿.ç EYGå1}Zñ‡ŠgZzgZg3Z°Z¡äë"–gzVÃ–gZŠcÔŠ‘ggzjVÅ

úÆ‚âyƒñXIÈZ£~QÐ·gzV»‚�VƒŠX[zu~»t»gZVQÐÎñ2w6_1VZzgzßßVÐgzZVŠzZVƒŠX[0uÆY�gzVÅ&]zZpÐyÐZvÆ

—gÌIX$ÒïOGÅ’Zzg�áŠâãc|]äzg)Zh{Zv


û30ü


Z§ññ)õGW

¦*|]7Ò3ªî EGEGZÅ.o-

÷GZÓéZh{Zv¬\ÅJÅ3ïGGLŠ¬»ZÚi~¶y

ÿ'@ZeZv;Š~'þŒÛWy™*Æ_·Ð¥xƒ@ì�Zv¬\Z§ññë

GW6‡Šg

ìXOçZg�áŠ}Zz0~ìX(41:75 )Îg>Zg%îG þþLLHz{Zk!]6‡Šg7�%ŠzVÃi0{™nXóó

ZqZzg£x6Zv¬\�Ûâ@ìLL:Zv„ì�4+Šz„ìZzgz„ì�%ŠzVÃi0{™@ì

(10:42 :)Îg>ZŸgò Zzgz{CÙq6&eìŠZEŠg]g‚ìX:|][ñúŠmZ}>zZ?xäZ§ññë

GWÆ!g{~

(~,ÐgzÝeZàì�Zv¬\ä[*Ü~Zzg[u~~�~˜tg¿ìT§b|][*Ü~mZ?x%ŠzVÃi0{™DZÏ§bZv¬\äZkiâ:ÆZâxu~Zzg[ñúŠÃÌZ§ññë

GWÆ¶y«�Ûâñ�X

: X»wgZzgZ§ññ)õGWÐ%ZŠ Y1903 Šc11

�áxÆˆ|]ñß~âgZ−+™rñä²nH�ŠOx0w)âWgt(ä»wg6ZzgZ§ññë

GW6ÌZ‹ZnHìXZk6

|]ZŠk[ñúŠmZ?xä�Ûâc�:LLZ§ññë

GWÆtp��Zzwgzqãi0Ï«ÅYz}Zzg

Šzu}t�&g=Š¬Z,ZyÃËŠ~Yz}�z{Íc%ŠzV~Ñgƒ[ƒ6�¬x1wew~¹Y@ì�#VÂ%™ØìX'ZyÐ™sîg67YYz}�Wc?ßvßg]ZÚi

Æ‡bƒc7?:Z¤z{”�ÂZyÃe’�Z3gŠ}Š,'}Z¬\»aøg}�áïqwìZzgz{CÙz‰Üøg~@GÆn»gìXz{ßg]ZÚi»Zïg�áù™Š,Q}Z¬\

Å@GŠNC,XŒÛWy™*~TŠg7Z]W‰�XëZyÆŠ3äÃi0{ñ�Š�XpZ{JqŠ¬Æ0ƒVpZ{Zzgg8Æ7{ÆX7{Æ”»¸�Z[ì�ZkÃ7{Š3cYz}ZkÐ(|™ZzgÃð�Z[7ƒYXóó

(212-213 )“ª]Ô¢¼Ô™|][ñúŠmZ?xÅ§>©Æ_·Ð¥xƒ@ì�

%zV%ÉVÃZv¬\ä{gtÆîg6|][ñúŠmZ}>zZ?xÅŠ¬îVÆÜZ§ññë

GW»ZÚi~¶yªCÙ™D

ƒñi0Ï«�ÛâðXZÏ§bZv¬\äW\Æ#YÃÌZ§ññëGWÆZÚi~¶*]ÐâZiZìXZzg)®Z£tÅ@gõZk!]6ÍZ{ì�DÙZgzV%ÉVÃ#YÅŠ¬îVÅ$zªZ§ñ

ñëGWÆZÚi~¶*]ŠÚ»ñµ5X|tì�™Z#ÖZâ#ÖÐzZhìXZzgÑ}Z¯@ìZknZv¬\ZL\g}ÑÃŠ¬îVÅJq»¶y«�Ûâ@ìX

6�|]�ñúŠgèZvÅ�ÛâD�:LLZv¬\TËÃ!3{ï EELÜÄ6u�ÛZi™@ìÂQZkÅŠ¬îVÅJqÃ(JŠêìYèZ¤ZkÅŠ¬NJw:ƒVÂQZkÆZLZN[ÅQƒCìXóó

)ZâZgZ‰xÔ|]%iZaZ−+úŠZ£ZÅ.}Ñ

÷Z>úŠ7Ò3ªî EGEGZ

Å.o-÷GZ{ãXZsx

Ôla/Ãî&c( 47 Ô™2 W!Š)-Æ(:ZsxZÚDX¢{‚gZ§ññë

GWÆZÚi~¶y»pŠÍZ{ì�¾§bÑ

z‰ÜÅŠ¬îVÃJw™äÆnZv¬\Å@GZzg¾]Æ�Ûº»g�ÛâƒD�XZyÐ™VZzg$zgcVÌuiŠƒC�1


û31ü


Zv¬\ZZL{gt¬Š]ZÚi~¶yªCÙ™*eLìÂZyƒ*�ãzZu]Zzgg§i¿Ã8S™gÄŠêìXZzgÑz‰ÜÅ�áy

~Á¢5½ð EGy»¬Yg~�Ûâ@ìXTÅZ)à,Šg`fsìXYÃòÅúiÆˆZe7J~ 2007 ¬bÃ&Z6s

”hŠgŠƒZXZkz‰Üy6ZzgÃð7åX÷ZgZK5i#Ö6eZîyNîyYäÆn'6\6ŠZ·tÐ'Y_¶z{zZ:yW‰ZyÅzZ−{ä¹�W\ÆZ1ÆB~JŠgŠìZ7ë¯gUhwáYNXdÅ'»g^Y*¼kZÞ»Zq{m

zåXZyÃe’å�z{Z\8o-ö EEÃZ:qŠï@�gU?ZæZŠï$Ë1z{=cgugYçwhwá‰˜V¼z‰ÜŸùƒZtÌZv¬\ÅAYÆ�ƒZÃèZkäZq)©à{gt¬Š]¶yªCÙ™*å�ëÐZÌ—åX¾Tz;VZæZŠ�ÛZëÅ

Reg i ona l Hea l th ˆZzgZ=}Æfg=àc Centre, New South Lack Market

Š8o/õ EG„%Z%Zn»~ãŠw»ŠzuZú½ãƒ[åXeZËzVä¯gUqÑ]6‡101X1‰Šzu}úZgnäWy=ÍZ

XÅø~¼ŠyÑXZzg{‚gÆ*uìÐ&gziJÚpycg;X‚]gziå"ƒÙ~¦g}XZkŠzgZy

‚÷Å*àÐWxZzgpgZuŠ~YCg„eZËzVäCÙeÃÒÅ1ÃðDÛ»g¤:ƒðX÷}ç~a¹6.yZzgs[¸XtZq¡~Zzg8Ï!]¶XZrVä—gZâgÅ}#Ö~Š¬ÆnáZFâ‘Zzg÷~¡‚ußg]qwÐ—gZâgÃiHXZzg(xñÑ*²u~™rZ÷z�~Z™g`)®Z£t”ZÐÌgZ‚g3Zzg÷~ßg]qwÐZ7WÇ{™DgìX(xñÑ*™rñßsäZigZÓ.—gZâgÅ}#Ö~÷}nSàŠ¬ÅŠgpZ„ÅXZzgKšZÑsx

~÷~¡c!ÆnŠ¬»Z´yƒ@g;X ?çEEEZ{ZvZŒZ4ZYX

(xñÑ*²u~™r—gZâg»cZzg�xá™hw=pÑñX—gZâgäTgzi÷}n›½}Š¬×âZzg¡c!Æn¢»�x{ZcÐZÏŠyªW^,gzi=ƒlWŠeZË¹ªZy¸�tƒ¼ùƒZX¬b¾{ŠyZ•ð

¼Z“ÆzZge~ZzgŠzŠy¬xzZge~ik´`g;XZzgZVg{Z6sÃyzZ:ßNXeZËzVäZ‹ZsH�tZq7{ìøg}

Š"ÆÒpÐi0ÏÆZk*]¹Ág{‰1&ZvgÇZÐÃy›X

z{Täe0Ü~ZYwg3ìZk}Zä=ÌewgÄìt¡ÜÄÅ'•¶�Zv¬\äZLaÐ=Zq

XŠ]qÔ}#Ö*ZgZzg›™äzZÑyZ:«HX÷}ç~”Vä(}ZÜmZzg›Ð÷~)©àŠN¸wÅX³mzZ‡g[Ô)®ÆŠz2VZzg)zVäÌ÷~¡c!ÆnŠ¬NXX~Zyƒ»ŠwÅ�ZÇVÐ]*ZgƒVZzgNyZˆyÌX ?ç

EEEZîZvZŒZ4ZYX

pt—gZâgÅSàŠ¬N„‰�ZÚi}ð�{¤ƒZZzgZ§ññë

GW»ZÚi~¶yªCÙƒZZzg}Z¬\ä¡ZLaÐ

|]7Ò3ªî EGEGZÅ.h4-

÷GGZÓéZh{Zv¬\Ò{Z+mÅŠ¬îVÃJq»ÑsõZzg=Zq5i0Ï«ÅT»Z‹ZsZJVäÌHZzg)zVäÌHX|][ñúŠmZ?xäŠ¬Å)©à@|Z]Zzg]Æ!g{~�ÛâcX

)eÃte~$wŠîìZ}÷}\!iz§Š¬ŠdÂ


û32ü



û33ü


qÑè~„(xIguZzg;™rä|][ñúŠmZ}>zZ?xÆZqÙÆÔ·»Wy~ÂLLccZVóóÃ�g‡Bá™Zq¹pzg]º!Ä½ì�Z£e¦^sZÆZÏÑg{~�áùƒðìT~Z§ññë

GWÆZÚi~¶yZzg

%ÉVÃËÛ»f™ìz{ÄtìXgzqVŠ}FgZVj$ðGN0}Wc¾ZòËðÉ½5é

YG$½5é NGV±hé MOVdZV

Z%zZµtì�Zk¬g£»ÐTŠg¡÷ÑhƒðZÏÚÐZv¬\Å£Zzg]ÐŠw½ŠXtzZ§Zq7{ÐÁ7XtZÚi}ðZzgZ§ññë

GW»¶yìZzg|]7Ò3ªî E

GEGZÅ.o-

÷G

ZÓéZh{Zv¬\Ò{Z+mÅJqŠ¬»ZqZZyZ�ÛzizZ§ìX

ZŠO~ƒVÔSŠOŠïIGLšì~i0{ƒVÔtZÚ¯}Zì

Zv¬\ZLâñg+Zzg#YÆn(~)]g‚ìZzg²l!›ÐöW6ZyÅŠ¬îVÃJq»Ñsõì@�ßvZv¬\Æâñg+Ãà3ZzgZLz‰ÜÆZâxZzgZkÆ#YÅ»ïZ¤®

™,ZzgZv¬\ÅgŸZzgpÛŠ~qÝ™,XZzgZãi0Ï»°ŠìZzg(Z�xÌX

Y( 2007 )âpiZiZ£t¦^|ZÔ#�y

~¾~VÃi}Æ)gzVJ LL

àîVÇóó)ZAx|][ñúŠmZ?x(

ÒçñˆÒÛ¶n9�àe†]ñ1]›Ë^Ù]ŸuÛ‚mùä

)†g~Ô�Ûzg~ÅZ�á®Ð&éELYi]œg™r>}ZxZÑ£!îGO¸g]ZCwÆnÃ»ZqŠN6z¤ZxÑzgqHY[ìXCÙ·ÅZ�á®~

PÎZÑ]ŠñYgì�XÚ�Z!]Zg‚w™äzZáZCwXÆ9�Z!]Å®ZŠƒÐicŠ{ƒÏÃ‚Ñ:Z½q>}ZxZÑ£!îGOzZCwZÑ£!îGOÆñ§6�ZzgZÅâ]ŠñYNÐXZÏ§bœg™r>}ZxZÑ£!îGOäZÍwÔŠzxZzgÎxWäzZáZCwÃZ½qÆñ§6>Å§sÐyaŠnšäÅZYi]Ì%Ø�ÛâðìX´z{Zi,Z,&pl‚ZCwÆ*xì¯I½>~�áùGYNÐXZ¶YZvXZŠZg{(

‰ç]ŸlXŒÛWyˆÅÃWe|]gÎwZ™x~6ƒÐ¬*iw 1

.................................................... ƒð?XWÀ]~ä«�áŠ~¾Æ‚BÅZzgX/~ 2

..............................................?~Æ‚BÃyå? XæÜÅ§só]™Dz‰ÜW\ 3

XW\~ÅZke»*xHì�|]ZñÐÒ„ƒð 4................................................ ‰?

................................ X|][ñúŠð“aZƒñ? 5..................... XW\mZ?xÅƒÐ«"Ãì? 6................. XÜÄZ£t)®~Ä‚ßVÐ‡ìì? 7................................. ¾»Ãì? A.I.RX8

.......................... X0ÎyÆñ�Š{zikZW»*xHì? 9................................. X]V»gZz¾Ã¹Y@ì? 10

�Z!]ZÏÃ6~É™qgzfsÃZÆ‚BZeñÆØ6Zg‚w™,X ÞçHV*x':*xzZ−:/:

: *x>ìåØ


û34ü


ì¡Êkqçe×oÞÛf†Ò1Öò1i’^æm†Óx‡Z+WÖÐŠgpZ„ì�QyÆ

0kZ¤ZKWÖÅ»g¤ŠÏÅ£zkƒV�‡.ÞZ�á®ƒVÂz{g~îg6Ší½>ÃZg‚w™,@

�Z7ÜÄ�©Æñ§6�áùƒäƒäzZáSàÑg{ÅgzÞ¯cYnXSàîg6,Z6wÔ?HÔdi+Ã)�ßZŠïƒñz){Ü£zkXZÏ§b)]Ô)�u;ƒwÔ

hwÔZjwz){Å£zkZ¤ƒVÂz{ÌZg‚w™,XZy£zkÅ,16¢zgKXbZÁZvX)Á½>(

‘‚‰^Öäì¡Êkqçe×oÒ1ÚçÎÃäµ†Ún†c�Öoq„e^l

6�‡gMÃDì�œ‚!ÜÄ�©Æ

ñ§6½>»ÜÄ�©��áùHYg;ìTÆn»g~^g„ìXZkÑg{~qgz!ÑÄZyÆ�½>Æ‡gMÆ_!]ÃÌSà(Š~YñÏÓx‡gM½>Ð¦Zglì�z{ZL_!]¿ZzgYìg8~‚’k~Ñ™Î

¢~ƒnZg‚w™,@�'z‰ÜY6�áùƒÃXZ¶YZvtÑg{â{ZÆ'~Z½qÆñ§6�áùƒÇ)ZŠZg{(


û35ü


g‚!Zßr3ïGOG~ÂÄzr3ïGOGZzgÂÄÜÄ»Òyì)ñÑ*·-ŠZâgZ*ŠYeZ£!îGO‡Šcy(

t!]ëXY…��ÜÄgZ”{»Šzgt]»0ƒ@ìZzgZk»ªxZKZ¾Znz£œÆnƒ@ì�t]ÆZ¾Znz

£œƒD�XÍcÜÄt]Æ£œÅŠ»fg=kìZzgÑÅ+A,ç

GEm~Å

™«zWÒg~ÆnZv#YÃHg�Ûâ@ìXu»gŠz¬ÝÑZyZ²âyWÀ]íäZ!ï OGÆWy~iâ:~[ñúŠu~§ŠÅƒÅtg]Š~ìX™~ƒðZ!ï OGÅZ&bÆn[»W*¢zg~åZzgñVÅ@ZezgZÉðÅ¾nÐu~Åƒ¢zg~¶XtŠzâV*xWy~iâ:~¬_ƒäzZàx,ÆŠz(}UîV6gzÝeZs�X!ëE0ZsxWÀ]íÆfg=Ð}Z¬\ä»ïåŠ+»Z´y

ÐªCÙìQ ]øÖûnø³çÝø]øÒû³Ûø×ûköÖøÓöÜû�ômûßøÓöÜ �Ûâc6�WeŒÛWãŠZ�á“ïGLŠ+Æn}Z¬\ä[ñúŠZzgZâxu~ÅƒHg�ÛâðXZzgtƒŠg|gÎw=wíÅ„ƒU6ìZ!ï OG0»Zk6Z)qì�ŠZ�á“ïGLŠ+[Zzgu~Æiâ:

~lgìXZzg]¬+äZÐtÌHìX|]¦·Z�³™rLòäÌ–ìLLZiZ+A)Ïî

EE‰ñZÏ»ZdYì�h7ÿEOz´äZLgÎw�ZyÐ

ñúŠ�Ûâc:Zy~Ð‰»ZdY9åÆ;BÐƒZZzg‰ÅW\åÆ*ÆVÆ;BÐŠƒðOçZg�áŠìXâö³ç]]Öù„p]ø…û‰øØø…ø‰öçÖøäüe^Öûãö‚pFæø�ômûà]ÖûvôÐøùÖônößû¿`†åÂ×o]Ö‚ùmà

X)Â/(}Zz{fZ]0uìTäZLgÎwÃ@ZeZzgŠ+ Òö³³Ø

hÆ‚B5@�ZÐƒZŠcyÐŸi™Š}Xt!]ÂzZãì�Š+»¼gcZ’ZYWÀ]íÆiâ:~ƒðZzgQkÅŠ|]Zâxu~Æ;BÐƒÏX‰�„{]òZzgZyÆ�ZíÅh•zn„ÅWÀ]íÃ»z°{ŠcŠå1

(76 ¼gZk»#ñgZ”+ÐzZµƒZX)!3{ï EELZâ#Ö™¾nt�Íc¼gŠ+ÅŠ|]Zâxu~»»xìZÏŸ~

|]¦·Z©™ræò˜34è XGM:tÌZ%ªCÙì�|]u~mZ?xÅÜÄÜÄgZ”{ÐZaZâZq~ÐƒÏXªg{ÜÄ¶ôpƒÏX

(84 )!3{ï EELZâ#Ö™:ZkÐ™sØ4ì�WäzZá|]Zâxu~ð»»xŠZ�á®Š+ìZzgQkÆnQÏ§b„ŸÜÄgZ”{¢zg~ì6�gÎw™*íÅ$š3ï EIGLZz\Æ‡ìƒZåXOçrðÆ_.Šzgq¢~¦*|]%iZÝxZ£™r‡Šcy[ñúáPä'z‰Ü}ZðZfyÆ_.Šúò�ÛâcZzgZLg‚!Zßr3ïGOG~ŠZ�á“ïGLŠ+Æ6z¤ZxÃ)®Æ‚tgnƒñ�ÛâcXLL}Z¬\eLì�ZyÓxgzjVÃ�i}ÅºtW!Š-V~W!Š

�XH-g\ZzgHZ¨XZyƒÃ�(¾]gn�Â©Å§srZzgZLÈzVÃŠ+zZu6¦™}¸}Z¬\»ÑìTÆn~Š+~5ŠÎ?ZkÑÅcz~™z13ò

(7 ZzgZÜtZzgŠ¬îV6izgŠ¶ÐXóó)Zß¤™

!ã)®Z£t¦*|][ñúáP ÂÄz¤Å7¿:äZkxZ�y6z¤ZxÃ0×ŠJàäÆn)®Z£tÆ‚tÂÄz¤Ã7�ÛâcX@Óx4Z£~%ŠZzgúg'ZLZñZw»ÁZiÁŠÎZV8~î OZ�á“ïGLŠ+~ya™Dg�Zzgnz


û36ü


¾òÅi0Ï¬™Æ83ï EEOGÆzZg_ƒVXŠzu}WÙPäZ�ÛZ›)®Z£tÃtxZ�ytg]ÌŠ~�

÷}ÌZv¬\ZÏ§b)®Ãe%ÆnŸÜÄÃ‡ì�ÛâñÇ6�QkäWÀ]íÆz™wÆÜÄÃ‡ìHåX—äP�ÛâD�LL:z{�ZíJñ™@ì}Z¬\ÆZk7{ÃŠ8ì

6�ÜÄZ1–œ&ñÆz‰Ü~ƒZ²WÀ]íÅzÃ]ÃZq"z‰Üñ]ªˆZzg¹Ð!Štd%Dƒ‰Zzgô/ñÌâg}§ÆŠ-Z:Å§bƒ‰XA}Z¬\ä|]Z1–œ&ñÃ9Z™ÆŠz!g{ZKŠg]»%:Š3cZzgZsxÃ*1ŠƒDƒñåx1ZzgZkz°{Ã7gZ™1��ÛâcåæøÖønö³Ûø³Óùßôà$ÖøãöÜû�ômûßøãöÜö]Ö$„ôp]…ûi–FoÖøöÜûæøÖønöfø‚ôùÖøß$ãöÜûÚôûàø

D6 E]Öç‘nk‘Ëvä o eøÃ‚ôìøçûÊôãÜ]øÚûß÷^

:ZkÐ™sªCÙì —äP»uŠZ�á®Š+ì:�|][ñúáP»uŠZ�á®Š+ìZzg¸Z%ŒÛWyÔZqŠgttZzg)gÇyZ!ï OGÆZZwÐU"ìXpŠWÙPäÌZÏÃZCÑ§]ŒÛZgŠcìXZkÑÃ7gZ™äÆnZqÂ

)®ÅÚâàŒÛ!EVÅ¢zg]ìŠzu}ZkÆnÂÄÜÄÅ¢zg]ìTÆâ�Z�ÛZ›)®ÅYâVZzgzlVÅŒÛ!EVÆfg=Z)s¬ÝJZsx»�xàcYñXZŠcy!ƒÏî6ZÓxè9BïEOGƒÔZsxÅWl~WäzZáâÇVÅgzqãFšÅYCìXt»xÜ¢ïEGLgZ”{ÆÂxÆfg=„Z�x0M34è XGMX

:|][ñúŠðÆz™wÆÜÄgZ”{»ªxZi'ÑiòåX

ÜÄ§Zsð)®Z£t~Yg~z‚g~Y~|][ 1908 OçZv¬\äZLz°{Æ_. ì:

27 ñúŠÆz™wÆÖˆ)®ÃÜÄÅxÚÐâZiZY)®èZ£tÆnZq@g]Šyå|]ñÑ* 1908#

œâgZ−+™rQz~ñÃ}ZäÜÄÅµ6�ÛâcQYÃ|]™ñZŠ{%iZaZ−+úŠZ£™rÃZk!'u 1914

Y~}Z¬\ä|] 1965 µÜÄ6�ÛâcZkÆˆY1982 ™ñZŠ{%iZ*ÜZ£ÃÜÄÅxÚÐâZiZZzgQ

~|]™ñZŠ{%iZ¤CÙZ£™ròÃ}ZäZk£6YÃ|]™ñZŠ{%iZäzgZ£™rZh{Zv 2003 �ÛâcXZzg

¬\Ò{Z+mÃZv¬\äZkx£ÜÄ6�ÛâcZzgZvÆaÐøg}\g}ZâxÎZÑZò)®Z£t��Zk

˜´~#ƒðìÅª#Ö�Ûâ 190 z‰Ü™zhzV~�gì�XZzgŠZ�á®Š+ÆãŠ~ÑÃicŠ{ÐicŠ{7gZHYg;ìXZzg—gZâgäP‚ßV~F˜´ÆŠzg}ÌG

�ZzgZk‚wSàîgFZë´Æœ‚!�©Æ5V~Y%Ñ•�Ûâgì�XZv¬\CÙÒpÐ!'•™}Z}

øg}\g}ZâxZh{Zv¬\Ò{Z+mäZL¼Šh]~Y2004 Âxz¤»f™�Ûâcìp—gZâgä-Æ*‚Ñ:

Æñ§6ZLù]Z�Ûziæ[~Sàîg6z¤Æ0Š*½ÆZ£~|][ñúáPÆg‚!Zß¤ÅgzÝ~Zk§sÂzŠÑð�Zx[)®ZkW�ãZzggzqãÂx~¢Zi¢�áïƒVYè¸Âx}Z¬\»ŒÛ[0ä»fg=ìZzgZÏŠgzZi}ÐŠZ4ƒ™ëZk0À{ÂxÆfg=}ZÆŒÛ[Ã0M

�X�Ûâc�ZÏgzqãÂxÐZqgzqãZz[WñÇZzg}Z¬\


û37ü


|][ñúáPÅÅˆŠ¬Nøg}h~Jw™}ÇZzgëQy™¬îVÆzZg_0M�X

:t!]U"”{ì�Âxz¤ZzgÂxÜÄ»W:~�ZmìZzg|][ñúŠðäZKÂ[g‚!Zß¤~ŠzâVqzV»f™�ÛâcìÜ�¯xtì�ZkŠzg~²)®Z£tÜÄgZ”{Yg~‚g~ìZzgëƒU6~Šg]U6Æ0v,Šzg~Ð*ggì�Zzgøg}‚tZq¹(ZÑ

£tZvZzg£tZmŠ»7Ò3ªî EGE0z‰ÜÅ§sÐ7HŠìT~

}ZÅ„Š]Æ‚Bâ´ÈzVÆ£tÌZŠZ™äÑiò�¢zg~ì�ëZL\g}W‡ÅCÙWzZi6�ëƒñVZsxÅCÙî~WÐÐWÐŠx(JNZzg�»xÌZkz‰Ü7Ã�Qy~½7gzBZv¬\ëƒÃ—gZŠkÆZg�áŠZ]6¿™äÅÂ=Š}W}X

Y!œîGZÅ)4lç EI+‡Šcy~

ŠZ¼ÆpZ×ázƒV]Z%ZYœg™xyzä™ZxÅWÇ„cZ´yHY@

YÐY!œîGZÅ)4lç EI+‡Šcy»*(‚w 2008 ìX�JZ~Ñzqƒg;ìXpZéqZyzZgŠg`fsÃZÆ_Z{ZKŠgpZZ£/ŠZ¼Ãgx66±Y!œîGZÅ)4lç EI+ÃZg‚w™,XŠZ¼Ãgxß!ðZ%ZYä™ZxÃ{ZñYgì�X

ÑZ_ŠZ¼)Z(ŠgpZ„ŠyzZ�i0ÏƒcZKi0Ïz�™ä»pZéqƒX)2(Kãzf6îg6¡qƒ)mzg:ƒ()3(X

½ÁZiÁ¢u¢zg~ìX)4(XŒÛWy™**ø{Y}ƒX)5(X/ä‚wÐiZZ:ƒX¤�fƒäÅßg]~/22‚wÐiZZ:ƒXZyzZg»)�áŠ~�áŠ{ƒ*¢zg~ìX)7(XZ÷)®

Bœg)®tƒ�ŠgpZ„Šy{ÅŠ´zZÜ¹qª−jìXŠgpZ„Šy{ZK�Z]Å]‘ÝwìƒuwZ÷

Stamp )®Bœg)®Åg7g^Æ‚Bì4°ŠIYJŠíY!œîGZÅ)4lç EI+~{ZŠ,X 2008 �y 30 Size

ŠZ¼Ãgxî6ZyÆÃZ»Y{hÆˆY!œîGZÅ)4lç EI+Å§sÐXCYÃZÚz-cšcYñz„‡ŠcyWNX/'’k~±zZÚz-~£g67gZZFäzZáCYÃ„Y!œîG

ZÅ)4lç EI+~ŠZ4HYñÇX/'‡ŠcyWäÆZyZY]ZyZzZgÃpŠ'ŠZ“™äƒVÐX±zZÚz-~>ƒäÅßg]~zZ3ÆZyZY]ÌpŠ™äƒVÐX/'ZyzZg‡ŠcyWDz‰ÜñÌÆÒpÐ¤xÔuŠÀ}z){_Z{á™WNX/'tÃgkeg‚w»ƒÇZzg!›Ð)4èGE»½g¬gè!Å.©‹œî G¤i~ƒÇX»[’k~±¢uÆ£g»ƒÇXZgŠzXZq*yZzgŠgpZ„ZÚz-Zsx]ÔúiÔ@gõZ£eÔ¾w@ÒÔZ‹gi8ÔZgŠzgi8ÔŒÛWyˆ*ø{X

âzÂ"cØPrincipal, Jamiatul MubashreenG u e s t H o u s e C i v i l L i n e ,

Qadian-143516 Distt: Gurdaspur(Punjab)

C o n t a c t : 9 4 1 7 9 5 1 6 6 , ( O )01872-222474


û38ü

( ÜÄZ£!îGOœ‚!�©»‚wœIguƒ )z™c:àg~ÐIZkn�áùÅYC��Z¤Ë™rÃËzr3ïGOG6ÃðZ‹ZnƒÂz{@gõZ�á®ÐZqâ{ÆZ0gŠí˜å WEZÃ

i™,X)óñ~©‚{(’Eƒlz Izgøß/Z0OZ6Š÷ Raiparty ‚waZ›Z£~‚Á,zgeZÎ:gZ+?ç JFC 31 ~·ZDw,g~z−(x¦Z™r¸xZ£~&5i#Ö/ 17237 z¤:

zÅâ´œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ƒÏXZkz‰Ü 1/10 z¤™@ƒV�÷~zÃ]6÷~Àáz�YGZŠ®!z)®!Æ 09-07-2007 jZkšƒzZ™Z{W`ñgQ÷~ÀYGZŠ®!z)®!Å,øfsìTÅñ�Š{7Šg`™Š~ˆìXzZ−+§]�fZC®!)®!ÃðYGZŠ7ìX÷Z*Zg{WæZiYGZŠÔ5i#ÖÔg]Ô

(z@iaø¸Z°œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ 1/10 (ZzgâƒZgWæ6) 1/16 gz[ìX~ZŒÛZg™@ƒV�YGZŠÅWæ6zWæÆbP{¬x) 3984 pgŠzâl)Ùya(â;:¸g]ÃZŠZ™@gƒVÇZzgZ¤ÃðYGZŠZkÆâZ™zVÂZkÅÌZ:q>»g6ŠZiÃŠêgƒVÇZzg÷~tz¤Zk6Ìqz~ƒÏX÷~tz¤@gõ’kÐ*ÇÅYñX

ÍZ{” Z•BZÑã ÍZ{”·ZâgZ£ ·ZDw,zg~ ·/

’EƒlzjZkš ‚w@gõ³aZ›Z£~‚Á,zgeZÎ:gZñ6CIzgøß/Z0OZ6Š÷ 26 ~·/yz−·©[Z™rxZ£~&5i#Ö/ 17238 z¤:zÅâ´œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ƒÏXZkz‰Ü÷~À 1/10 z¤™@ƒV�÷~zÃ]6÷~Àáz�YGZŠ®!z)®!Æ 22-07-2007 ƒzZ™Z{W`ñgQ

YGZŠ®!z)®!Å,øfsìTÅñ�Š{7Šg`™Š~ˆìXzZ−+8¬\§]�fZC®!z)®!ÃðYGZ7ìX÷Z*Zg{WæZiYGZŠÔ5i#ÖÔ(z@iaø¸Z°œgZ³ 1/10 (ZzgâƒZgWæ6) 1/16 gz[ìX~ZŒÛZg™@ƒV�YGZŠÅWæ6zWæÆbP{¬x) 3670/- ˆg]ÔpgŠzâl)Ùya(â;:

Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ÃZŠZ™@gƒVÇZzgZ¤ÃðYGZŠZkÆâZ™zVÂZkÅÌZ:q>»g6ŠZiÃŠêgƒVÇZzg÷~tz¤Zk6Ìqz~ƒÏX÷~tz¤@gõ’kÐ*ÇÅYñX

ÍZ{” Z•BZÑã ÍZ{”·ZâgZ£ÿ ·/ ·ZDw,zg~

’EƒlzjZkš ‚waZ›Z£~‚Áal!eZÎ:al!I8[ôß/Z0OZ6Š÷ 45 ~¦{ÆòZŒgizz(x¦ZŒg@™rxZ£~&{:ŠZg~/ 17239 z¤:zÅâ´œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ƒÏXZkz‰Ü÷~À 1/10 z¤™CƒV�÷~zÃ]6÷~Àáz�YGZŠ®!z)®!Æ 19-07-2007 ƒzZ™Z{W`ñgQ

°ŠXziy 3 zìi-g:ðÃ 1/2 %!‡Šcy~ 8 ÆúnZq«i} 2500/- YGZŠ®!z)®!Å,øfsìTÅñ�Š{7Šg`™Š~ˆìXh$3 ¤Zxi-gZùáV 30.000 ¤Zxi-g:ð;gZq°ŠXziy 20.000 Âá( 2 ¤Zxi-g:ðuZq°Š) 21.000 °ŠXziy 2 ¤Zxi-g:ðahcV 105.000

gz9X÷Z*Zg{WæZiYGZŠÔ5i#ÖÔg]Ô 1500/- Âá7Z0ZiU 15 Pf7Z0ZiUXXXXi-gØð 22X188.000 ¤ZxÀziy 12.000 °ŠXziy(z@iaø¸Z°œgZ³Z£t 1/10 (ZzgâƒZgWæ6) 1/16 gz[ìX~ZŒÛZg™CƒV�YGZŠÅWæ6zWæÆbP{¬x) 1000/- pgŠzâl)Ùya(â;:

‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ÃZŠZ™CgƒVÏZzgZ¤ÃðYGZŠZkÆâZ™zVÂZkÅÌZ:q>»g6ŠZiÃŠîgƒVÏZzg÷~tz¤Zk6Ìqz~ƒÏX÷~tz¤@gõ’kÐ*ÇÅYñX

ÍZ{” Z•BZÑã ÍZ{”¦Zg”@ ¦ÆòZŒg ¦ZŒg@

’EƒlzjZk ‚waZ›Z£~‚Á;!reZÎ:;!rI©gW!Šß/Z0OZ6Š÷ 39 ~$ZûYHizz(x·uZ`Z−+™r¸xZ£~&{:ŠZg~/ 17240 z¤:zÅâ´œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ƒÏXZkz‰Ü÷~ 1/10 z¤™CƒV�÷~zÃ]6÷~Àáz�YGZŠ®!z)®!Æ 26-07-2007 šƒzZ™Z{W`ñgQ


û39ü

( ÜÄZ£!îGOœ‚!�©»‚wœIguƒ )gz[)2(Xi-gØð 4000/- Pf7Z0ZiU 22 ¤Zx 5.000 ÀYGZŠ®!z)®!Å,øfsìTÅñ�Š{7Šg`™Š~ˆìX)1(XZq:ðZù_ziy

(ZzgâƒZgWæ6 1/16 gz[ìX~ZŒÛZg™CƒV�YGZŠÅWæ6zWæÆbP{¬x) 1000/- gz[÷Z*Zg{WæZipgŠzâlâ;: 1500/- Âá,7Z0ZiU 10

(z@iaø¸Z°œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ÃZŠZ™CgƒVÏZzgZ¤ÃðYGZŠZkÆâZ™zVÂZkÅÌZ:q>»g6ŠZiÃŠîgƒVÏZzg÷~tz¤Zk6 1/10)

Ìqz~ƒÏX÷~tz¤@gõ’kÐ*ÇÅYñXÍZ{” Z•BZÑã ÍZ{”

·ZâZgZ£ $ZûYH ·uZ`Z−+’Eƒl ‚waZ›Z£~‚Á»85½ð FG

Yh{eZÎ:85½ð FG

Yh{I©gW!Šß/W0OZ6Š÷ 30 ~¦{‚]{Zg”izz(x¦Zg”@™rxZ£~›y&{:ŠZg~/ 17241 z¤:

zÅâ´œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ƒÏXZkz‰Ü 1/10 z¤™CƒV�÷~zÃ]6÷~Àáz�YGZŠ®!z)®!Æ 19-07-2007 zjZkšƒzZ™Z{W`ñgQ¤Zx)3(Py 50-000 )){z0)2(i-g:ðÃZq°Šziy 35000/- ÷~ÀYGZŠ®!z)®!Å,øfsìTÅñ�Š{7Šg`™Š~ˆìX)1(Xh$

°Š 3 ¤Zx)7(ZùáV 20-000 ¤Zx)6(;gZq°Šziy 20-000 °Šziy 2 ¤Zx)5(:ðš} 10-000 ¤Zx)4($¹ÒøE

Zq°Šziy 50-000 ;gZq°ŠziyÂá 15 �h~ 2 gz[Xi-gÔØðÔ0id 1,34,180\- P^7Z0ZiU 22 ¤Zx 167-500 ¤ZxXÀziy 10-000 ¤Zx)8(ZqÃgNziy 7-500 ziy

gz[ìX~ZŒÛZg™CƒV�YGZŠÅWæ6zWæÆbP{¬x 1000\- gz[X÷Z¦Zg{WæZiYGZŠÔ5i#ÖÔg]Ôpgzâl)Ùya(â;: 1500\- 7Z0ZiU(z@iaøZ°œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ÃZŠZ™CgƒVÏZzgZ¤ÃðYGZŠZkÆâZ™zVÂZkÅÌZ:q>»g6ŠZiÃŠîgƒV 1/10 (ZzgâƒZgWæ6) 1/16)

ÏZzg÷~tz¤Zk6Ìqz~ƒÏX÷~tz¤@gõàg~Ð*ÇÅYñXÍZ{” Z•BZÑã ÍZ{”

¦ZŒg@ ¦{‚]{Zg” ¦Zg”@‚waZ›Z£~‚Á©gW!ŠeZÎ:PgWíµ0î YHI©gW!Š 27 ~Ýx¬ÞZ−+Z$h45¿.ç

EFGH’q]hz−(xÝxqZ−+™r¸xZ£~›y&5i#Ö/ 17242 z¤:

zÅâ´œgZ³Z£t 1/10 z¤™@ƒV�÷~zÃ]6÷~Àáz�YGZŠ®!z)®!Æ 12-07-2007 ’EƒlzjZkšƒzZ™Z{W`ñgQ ß/ìZ0OZ6Š÷‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ƒÏXZkz‰Ü÷~ÀYGZŠ®!z)®!Å,øfsìTÅñ�Š{7Šg`™Š~ˆìXzZ−+§]�fZC®!)®!ÃðYGZŠ7ìX÷Z*Zg{

(z@iaø¸Z° 1/10 (ZzgâƒZgWæ6) 1/16 WæZiYGZŠÔ5i#ÖÔg]ÔpgŠzâl)Ùya(â;:ìX~ZŒÛZg™@ƒV�YGZŠÅWæ6zWæÆbP{¬x)œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ÃZŠZ™@gƒVÇZzgZ¤ÃðYGZŠZkÆâZ™zVÂZkÅÌZ:q>»g6ŠZiÃŠêgƒVÇZzg÷~tz¤Zk6Ìqz~ƒÏX÷~tz¤@gõ’kÐ*ÇÅYñX

ÍZ{” Z•BZÑã ÍZ{”

·ZÅxg~ Ýx¬ÞZ−+ ÝxqZ−+’EƒlzjZkš ‚waZ›Z£~‚Á�lôeZÎ:GW!ŠI©gW!Šß/W0OZ6Š÷ 33 ~Z%îGZ;zkizz(x¡Z£™rxZ£~›y&{:ŠZg~/ 17243 z¤:

zÅâ´œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ƒÏXZkz‰Ü÷~À 1/10 z¤™CƒV�÷~zÃ]6÷~Àáz�YGZŠ®!z)®!Æ 25-07-2007 ƒzZ™Z{W`ñgQ¤Zx7 8.500 zßwƒ™yaƒ[ìX)1(i-g:ðZùáV&°Š 9000/- YGZŠ®!z)®!Å,øfsìTÅñ�Š{7Šg`™Š~ˆìXh$

À 20,040 ¤Zx7Z0ZiU 24.440 gz[)3(ue3uZq°Š 7380-00 ¤Zx7Z0ZiU 9.000 �h~ 2 gz[)2(i-g:ð!1V 6970-00 Z0ZiUgz[ìX~ZŒÛZg™C 300\- gz[X÷Z¦Zg{WæZiYGZŠÔ5i#ÖÔg]Ôpgzâl)Ùya(â;: 9,00\- ¤Zx(7Z0ZiU 85 Â!) 8.5 ¤ZxØði-g 41.940 ziy


û40ü

( ÜÄZ£!îGOœ‚!�©»‚wœIguƒ )(z@iaøZ°œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ÃZŠZ™CgƒVÏZzgZ¤ÃðYGZŠZkÆâZ™zV 1/10 (ZzgâƒZgWæ6) 1/16 ƒV�YGZŠÅWæ6zWæÆbP{¬x)

ÂZkÅÌZ:q>»g6ŠZiÃŠîgƒVÏZzg÷~tz¤Zk6Ìqz~ƒÏX÷~tz¤@gõ’kÐ*ÇÅYñXÍZ{” Z•BZÑã ÍZ{”

·ZâgZ£ Z%îGZ;zk ¡Z£‚waZ›Z£~‚Á©gW!ŠeZÎ:†úI©gW!Šß/ìZ0OZ 23 ~Z*‰Z}†Z+muzgz−(xZ*‰Z}†Z˜™r¸xZ£~›y&5i#Ö/ 17244 z¤:

zÅâ´œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g] 1/10 z¤™@ƒV�÷~zÃ]6÷~Àáz�YGZŠ®!z)®!Æ 06-07-2007 ’EƒlzjZkšƒzZ™Z{W`ñgQ 6Š÷ƒÏXZkz‰Ü÷~ÀYGZŠ®!z)®!Å,øfsìTÅñ�Š{7Šg`™Š~ˆìXzZ−{§]�fZC®!z)®!ÃðYGZŠ7ìX÷Z*Zg{WæZiYGZŠÔ

(z@iaø¸Z°œgZ³ 1/10 (ZzgâƒZgWæ6) 1/16 ìX~ZŒÛZg™@ƒV�YGZŠÅWæ6zWæÆbP{¬x) 3000\- 5i#ÖÔg]ÔpgŠzâl)Ùya(â;:Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ÃZŠZ™@gƒVÇZzgZ¤ÃðYGZŠZkÆâZ™zVÂZkÅÌZ:q>»g6ŠZiÃŠêgƒVÇZzg÷~tz¤Zk6Ìqz~ƒÏX÷~tz¤@gõ’kÐ*ÇÅYñX

ÍZ{” Z•BZÑã ÍZ{”

W@Z£ Z*‰Z}‰†Z+m ;Z£àg’Eƒlz �lôeZÎ:GW!ŠI©gW!Šß/ìZ0OZ6Š÷ ‚waZ›Z£~‚Á 38 ~ZâgZ£g~z−(xëgZ£g~™rxZ£~›y&g]/ 17245 z¤:

zÅâ´œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ƒÏXZkz‰Ü 1/10 z¤™@ƒV�÷~zÃ]6÷~Àáz�YGZŠ®!z)®!Æ 15-07-2007 jZkšƒzZ™Z{W`ñgQ%,¦�®ä~áZF�Z

Å+A<é EXwI 345 ÷~ÀYGZŠ®!z)®!Å,øfsìTÅñ�Š{7Šg`™Š~ˆìXzZ−+§]�Z:vXfZCZqö^

ìX~ZŒÛZg™@ƒV�YGZŠÅWæ6zWæÆb 7,000\- gz[ìX÷Z*Zg{WæZiYGZŠÔ5i#ÖÔg]ÔpgŠzâl)Ùya(â;: 50,000 gógi~X,7Z0ZiU(z@iaøZ°œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ÃZŠZ™@gƒVÇZzgZ¤ÃðYGZŠZkÆâZ™zVÂZkÅÌZ:q>»g6ŠZiÃŠê 1/10 (ZzgâƒZgWæ6) 1/16 P{¬x)

gƒVÇZzg÷~tz¤Zk6Ìqz~ƒÏX÷~tz¤@gõ’kÐ*ÇÅYñXÍZ{” Z•BZÑã ÍZ{”·wZ£ ZâgZ£g~ àkZ£

’Eƒlz ‚waZ›Z£~‚Á©gW!ŠeZÎ:†úI©gW!Šß/ìZ0OZ6Š÷ 28 ~¤CÙZ£œjz−(x¡Z£œj™r¸xZ£~›y&Š»0Zg~/ 17246 z¤:zÅâ´œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ƒÏXZkz‰Ü 1/10 z¤™@ƒV�÷~zÃ]6÷~Àáz�YGZŠ®!z)®!Æ 09-07-2007 jZkšƒzZ™Z{W`ñgQ

÷~ÀYGZŠ®!z)®!Å,øfsìTÅñ�Š{7Šg`™Š~ˆìXZkz‰Ü�ÌYGZŠìz{÷~zZ−{ÅìZzgz{Zv¬\ÆaÐ+B5é EG]�ZzgYGZŠÅâ´ìX~ZŒÛZg™@ƒV� 25,00\- Z¶YZvZŠZ™}ÇX÷Z*Zg{WæZiYGZŠÔ5i#ÖÔg]ÔpgŠzâl)Ùya(â;: 1\10 �ZzgˆÑ¦zYÆ{‚gZk»zYGZŠ

œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ÃZŠZ™@gƒVÇZzgZ¤ÃðYGZŠZkÆâZ™zV (z@iaøZ° 1/10 (ZzgâƒZgWæ6) 1/16 YGZŠÅWæ6zWæÆbP{¬x)ÂZkÅÌZ:q>»g6ŠZiÃŠêgƒVÇZzg÷~tz¤Zk6Ìqz~ƒÏX÷~tz¤@gõ’kÐ*ÇÅYñX

ÍZ{” Z•BZÑã ÍZ{”ZâgZ£g~ ¤CÙZ£œj ÃgztZ£kð

’E ‚waZ›Z£~‚Á;!reZÎ:;!rI©gW!Šß/ìZ0OZ6Š÷ 21 ~·cZ`Z£z−îx·uZ`Z−+™r¸xZ£~›y&5i#Ö/ 17247 z¤:


û41ü

( ÜÄZ£!îGOœ‚!�©»‚wœIguƒ )zÅâ´œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ƒÏXZk 1/10 z¤™@ƒV�÷~zÃ]6÷~Àáz�YGZŠ®!z)®!Æ 26-07-2007 ƒlzjZkšƒzZ™Z{W`ñgQ

z‰Ü÷~ÀYGZŠ®!z)®!Å,øfsìTÅñ�Š{7Šg`™Š~ˆìXzZ−+§]�XfZC®!z)®!ÃðYGZŠ7ìX÷Z*Zg{WæZiYGZŠÔ5i#ÖÔ(z@iaø¸Z°œgZ³Z£t 1/10 (ZzgâƒZgWæ6) 1/16 ìX~ZŒÛZg™@ƒV�YGZŠÅWæ6zWæÆbP{¬x) 3,000\- ˆg]ÔpgŠzâl)Ùya(â;:

‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ÃZŠZ™@gƒVÇZzgZ¤ÃðYGZŠZkÆâZ™zVÂZkÅÌZ:q>»g6ŠZiÃŠêgƒVÇZzg÷~tz¤Zk6Ìqz~ƒÏX÷~tz¤@gõ’kÐ*ÇÅÍZ{” Z•BZÑã YñXÍZ{”

·ZâgZ£ ·cZ`Z£ ·uZ`Z−+’Eƒlz ‚waZ›Z£~‚Á©gW!ŠeZÎ:PgWíµ0î YHI©gW!Šß/Z0OZ6Š÷ 25 ~ÍÎ:izz(xÝx¬ÞZ−+™r¸xZ£~&{:ŠZg~/ 17248 z¤:

zÅâ´œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ƒÏXZkz‰Ü 1/10 z¤™CƒV�÷~zÃ]6÷~Àáz�YGZŠ®!z)®!Æ 12-07-2007 jZkšƒzZ™Z{W`ñgQ4.5 äDÙZggz[&){z0X)2(i-g:ðZqÃziy 20,000 ÷~ÀYGZŠ®!z)®!Å,øfsìTÅñ�Š{7Šg`™Š~ˆìX)1(h$

¤Zx]i-g 89 ¤ZxXÀziy:ði-g 5 ¤ZxX)6(!àŠz�h~ 2 ¤ZxX)5(Zq°ŠZù_:ðziy 12 Â!X)4(Šz°Šu:ðziy 2.5 Â!X)3(:ðš}ziy

(ZzgâƒZgWæ6 1/16 gz[ìX~ZŒÛZg™CƒV�YGZŠÅWæ6zWæÆbP{¬x) 500/- gz[X÷Z*Zg{WæZipgŠzâlâ;: 65000\- P^7Z0ZiU 22

(z@iaøZ°œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ÃZŠZ™CgƒVÏZzgZ¤ÃðYGZŠZkÆâZ™zVÂZkÅÌZ:q>»g6ŠZiÃŠîgƒVÏZzg÷~tz¤Zk6 1/10)

ÍZ{” Z•BZÑã Ìqz~ƒÏX÷~tz¤@gõ’kÐ*ÇÅYñXÍZ{”Ýx¬ÞZ−+ ÍÎ: ·Zâg

’Eƒlz ‚waZ›Z£~‚Áqƒ!!ôeZÎ:PgWíµ0î YHI©gW!Šß/ìZ0OZ6Š÷ 21 ~·¢Z£z−(x·¡Z−+™rxZ£~›y&¤D/ 17249 z¤:zÅâ´œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ƒÏXZkz‰Ü 1/10 z¤™@ƒV�÷~zÃ]6÷~Àáz�YGZŠ®!z)®!Æ 11-07-2007 jZkšƒzZ™Z{W`ñgQ

÷~ÀYGZŠ®!z)®!Å,øfsìTÅñ�Š{7Šg`™Š~ˆìXzZ−+8¬\§]�XfZC®!z)®!ÃðYGZŠ7ìX÷Z*Zg{WæZiYGZŠÔ(z@iaø¸Z°œgZ³ 1/10 (ZzgâƒZgWæ6) 1/16 ìX~ZŒÛZg™@ƒV�YGZŠÅWæ6zWæÆbP{¬x) 200\- 5i#ÖÔg]ÔpgŠzâl)Ùya(â;:

Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ÃZŠZ™@gƒVÇZzgZ¤ÃðYGZŠZkÆâZ™zVÂZkÅÌZ:q>»g6ŠZiÃŠêgƒVÇZzg÷~tz¤Zk6Ìqz~ƒÏX÷~tz¤@gõ’kÐ*ÇÅÍZ{” Z•BZÑã YñXÍZ{”·ZâgZ£ ·¢Z£ ·µgZ£

’Eƒlz †úeZÎ:PgWíµ0î YHI©gW!Šß/ìZ0OZ6Š÷ ‚waZ›Z£~‚Á 21 ~�ÛhZ£g~z−(xqZ£g~™rxZ£~›y&¤D/ 17250 z¤:zÅâ´œgZ³Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ƒÏXZkz‰Ü 1/10 z¤™@ƒV�÷~zÃ]6÷~Àáz�YGZŠ®!z)®!Æ 11-07-2007 jZkšƒzZ™Z{W`ñgQ

÷~ÀYGZŠ®!z)®!Å,øfsìTÅñ�Š{7Šg`™Š~ˆìXzZ−+8¬\§]�XfZC®!z)®!ÃðYGZŠ7ìX÷Z*Zg{WæZiYGZŠÔ(z@iaø¸Z°œgZ³ 1/10 (ZzgâƒZgWæ6) 1/16 ìX~ZŒÛZg™@ƒV�YGZŠÅWæ6zWæÆbP{¬x) 1600\- 5i#ÖÔg]ÔpgŠzâl)Ùya(â;:

Z£t‡ŠcyÔ¸g]ÃZŠZ™@gƒVÇZzgZ¤ÃðYGZŠZkÆâZ™zVÂZkÅÌZ:q>»g6ŠZiÃŠêgƒVÇZzg÷~tz¤Zk6Ìqz~ƒÏX÷~tz¤@gõ’kÐ*ÇÅYñX

ÍZ{” Z•BZÑã ÍZ{”·ZâgZ£ �ÛhZ£g~ ·µgZ£


û42ü

( ÜÄZ£!îGOœ‚!�©»‚wœIguƒ )He was bold and courageous.His elder brother, Maulvi Sultan

Ahmad, had established a printingpress in Lahore. Thus he often

visited Lahore and learned a lot fromhis elder brother. When he fell ill, his

brother brought him to Lahore. Herem a i ne d und er the m ed i c a l

t reatment o f Hakeem GhulamDastgir, and gradually recovered.

He was greatly influenced by thefame of Hakeem Ghulam Dastgir.

Thi s generated an i nterest i nm e d i c i ne . H i s e l d e r b r o t he r

considered it appropriate for him toacquire knowledge of Persian as a

first step towards learning medicine.Maulana Hakeem Noor-ud-Deen (ra)

offered himself as a pupil to thefamous Persian scholar, Munshi

Muhammad Qasim Kashmiri ; Heacquired a good knowledge of

Persian. Meanwhile, he also tried his hand at

calligraphy, He took lessons from afamous calligrapher, Mirza Imam

Veervi , He did not show muchinterest in calligraphy, yet his style of

writing was nice and neat, Both ofthese teachers were from the Shia

School of Thought. He acquiredinformation about the Shia School of

Thought from them. It is stated inHayat-i-Noor by Sheikh Abdul Qadir:

Other ActivatesHe learned only one outdoor sportand i t wa s s w i m mi ng . W i th

reference to it, he says in MiraqatulYaqee: I never played any sport but

swimming. On occasions, I swam ingreat and glor ious r ivers. His

competency in swimming is statedin Miraqatul Yaqeen:

Maulana Hakeem Noor-ud-Deen rawrites about himself:

In my youth, I used to cross theJehlum River, when it over flowed to

the brim of its banks. In addition tothis, he was fond of riding."

(Taken from Ahmadiyya Gazette USA)


û43ü

( ÜÄZ£!îGOœ‚!�©»‚wœIguƒ )ruled by Abu Zaffar Siraj-ud-DenBahadur Shah. There was a

kingdom of Qachari dynasty inParsia and Turkey was being ruled

by Sul tan Abdul Hameed. TheBritish East India Company was

Engaged in t ry ing to conquerAfghanistan after the occupation of

India (Tarikh-e-Ahmadiyyat v.3,P.16)

Childhood and EducationMaulana Hakeem Noor-ud-Deen rawas brilliant and intelligent from his

early childhood. Firstly, He had aremarkable memory and secondly,

he was born in a very culturedfami ly. Both of these elements

influenced and polished his earlyeducation. His early education took

place in the lap of this mother. Hetaught the Holy Quran some Punjabi

bo o k s o f F i q a h a nd I s l a m i cJurisprudence from his mother. He

also learned a part of the HolyQuran from his father.

After the preliminary education at

home, he was admitted to school.Mian Ghulam Haider Bhanna, Haji

K a r i m B a k s h a n d h i s s o n ,Sharf-ud-Din, taught him. The

numbers of students admitted in hisschoo l were l i mi ted and the

teachers gave individual attention toevery student. The atmosphere of

the school was neat, clean andpious. This was an Islamic school

and t he te achers were a l s oMuslims.

His punctuality was the product ofthis timely offering of prayers. His

love for studies led him to thecollecting of books. With reference

to his books in of Miraqatul Yaqee,he says:"I had a fascination for the

collection of books. When I waschild I used to collect books of fine

and beauti ful covers. W hen Ientered an age of under standing, I

used to select books with a greatdeal of care."

From his childhood, he acquiredextraordinary powers of reasoning.


û44ü

( ÜÄZ£!îGOœ‚!�©»‚wœIguƒ )horses. He was a very rich man butalso a man of courage and regal

character. He loved his chi ldrenimmensely especially the youngest

o n e , M a u l a n a H a k e e mNoor-ud-Deen (ra), and spent a lot of

money on him. He normally had hishousehold effects purchased from

Lahore. He cared as much for theintel lec tual nour ishment of his

chi ldren as he did for their goodhealth. He paid immense attention to

prov ide good educat ion to hisc h i l d r e n . M a u l a n a H a k e e m

Noor-ud-Deen (ra) related that hisfather paid a lot of attention towards

the educational needs of his children. Madan Chand was a Hindu scholar,

He was a leper. People provided anout house to him. My father sent my

elder brother to him for his education.People reasoned. "He is a hand

some child, why are you putting hislife at risk?" My father said, "if my son

be comes a scholar l ike MadanChand. I don't mind if he becomes a

leper."Another event of Maulana Hakeem

Noor-ud-Deen (ra) about his father'slove for learning is mentioned in

Mirqatul Yaqeen: May God showerhis mercy upon my father. He

advised me when I was goingabroad. Keep yourself absorbed in

learning so much that even if youhave to go to far flung areas, go and

get it. Don't be worried about us, anddon't mention it to your mother.""

BirthHe was born in about 1258 Hijra or1841 A.D in Bhera City. Hadhrat

Muhammad Zafrullah Khan (ra) inh i s b o o k , H a d h r a t M a u l v i

Nooru-ud-Deen Khalifatul Masih I(ra) writes in this context:

Hdhrat Maulana Nooru-ud-Deen wasborn at Bhera, in the Dis t r i c t

Shahpur, Punjab, in 1841. He wasthe youngest of seven brothers and

two sisters. This was the time thatSikh Rajah Sher Singh ruled the

Punjab, and Delhi's Kingdom was


û45ü


"Once a merchant from Bombay,Maulvi Abdullah came to Bhera with

hundreds of copies of the HolyQuran. His father, Hafiz Ghulam

Rasool, immediately bought al lcopies of the Holy Quran by paying

to him thirty Thousand rupees,which gave an immense boost to

Abdullah's business. This shows hisf a t he r ' s i m m e n s e l o v e a nd

dedicat ion to the spreading ofQuran and its teaching it is for this

purpose that he bought al l thecopies lf the Holy Quran, worth

thousands of rupees to distributethem in far-flung areas. His father

wished that all Muslims should learnthe message of the Holy Quran and

come to know of its miracles andDivine attributes.

The second event, which shows hisfather's attachment to the Holy book

is when on the occasion of thewedding of his elder daughter (elder

sister of Noor-ud-Deen (ra), HafizGhulam Rasool Sahib put the Holy

Book above all the articles of herdowry. In the book, Mi raqatul

Yaqeen, it is narrated: "From ourside, it is the greatest gift of all. The

paper of this Holy Quran was of silkw i t h g o l d w o r k . M a u l v i

Noor-ud-deen of Jalalpur Jattancalligraphed the copy of Holy Quran

for one hundred rupees. Theexpenses on lining, color, scheme,

gold watering etc. were extra. "These two events truly reflect his

father's love for the Holy Book, andhis love for the propagation of the

Quranic teachings. His father HafizGhulam Rasool was also a good

horseman. He had an eye for good


û46ü


saints and scholars of high repute.Kings, Sufis, Qadhis and martyrs

were all among his ancestors whoonce enjoyed an important place in

Yaghistan. The family members ofhis tribe are still known as princes.

In Bhera (his birth place), his familywas accorded a high degree of

respect from the beginning. Maulana Hakeem Noor-ud-Deen ra

writes about him self:Although I belong to a noble family,

this humble self is Qureshi Farooqi.My family tree belongs to Hadhrat

Umar (ra) and then to HadhratShoiaib (as). My ancestors migrated

from Kabul to Peshawar and thenmoved to Lahore, Kasur, and then

t o K a t h e w a l i n B a h w a l p u rregion.Qadhi Abdur Rahman Shatir

Madarasi and Babu Naranj i ofYaghistan were notable dignitaries.

The Father of a great saint, HadhratFreed Ganj Shakar of Pakpattan

(Punjab), and my forefather, were real brothers. In short, Bhera was

the final abode of my family. Thereis a famous street of siddiquee

Qureshi in the town." (Al-Hakam,December 14, 1912)

FatherThe name of the father of Maulana

Hakeem Noorudeen(ra) was HafizGhulam Rasool. He was of the

Sunni fai th and belonged to theHanafite School of Thought, and

ha d a l i nk t o C h i s h i t y a . I na c c o r d a nc e w i t h t he f a m i l y

traditions, he had immense love forthe Holy Quran. The teaching of the

Holy Quran and its propagation washis choicest hobby.

A few events are related to give abrief idea as to how dearly his father

loved the Holy Book of God.Maulana Hakeem Noor-ud-Deen

re l a te s t he se ev e n t s i n h i sautobiography Mirqatul Yaqeen fi

Hayat-i-Noor-ud-Deen, in which hehimself dictated all events of his life.

It was compiled and edited by AkbarKhan Najeeb Abadi:


û47ü


evident that he was descendant ofHadhrat Umar (ra). Among his

Ancestors,many were saints. Hisfather's name was Hafiz Ghulam

Rasool. He was resident of Bhera,district Shah Pur. His mother was

from the Awaan family, her namewas Noor Bakht. She was the

daughter of Mian Qadir Baksh ofKahana."

Mian Fazal -ur -Rahman Bismi lGhaffari writes in his book, History

of Ahmadiyyat in Bhera:He was a descendant of Hadhrat

Uma r ( ra ) i n the th i r t y f i f t hgeneration. His father's name was

Hafiz Ghulam Rasool."Hadhrat Muhammad Zaffrul lah

Khan r(a) in his book HadhratMaulavi Noor-ud-Deen Khalifatul

Masih I writes about him:Hadhrat Maulavi Noor-UD-DEEN

(ra) was born at Bhera, in the districtof Shahpur, Punjab, in 1841. He

was thirty fourth in direct male linealdescendant of Hadhrat Umar ra, the

second successor to the HolyProphet of Islam saw. He was thus

a Qureshi and Hashmi Farooqi Hismother noor Bakht was an A'waan

from another village, a few milesfrom Bhera. "

The fo rebeare rs o f Maul anaNoor-ud-deen (ra), on migration

from Mediana sett l ed down inBalakh and became rulers of Kabul

and Ghazni. During the attack ofGengh i s K ha , h i s ance s to rs

migrated from Kabul and first settlednear Multan and then final ly at

Bhera. Among his forefathers were a

number of saints who taught Islamand claimed a proud privilege of

heading a chain OF Decendent who had memorised The Holy Quran by

heart. His earlier eleven generationssha r e d t h i s d i s t i nc t i o n . H i s

ancestors had a great love andfascination for the Holy Quran.

Among the ancestors of MaulanaHakeem Noorudeen r(a), there were


û48ü


ALHAJ HAKEEM

NOOR-UD-DEEN

Khalifatul Mashih I Family AccountA l h a j M a u l a n a H a k e e m

Noor-ud-Deen's (ra) family camefrom the cream of gentry and

nobility. The name of his father wasHaf iz Ghulam Rasool and his

mother's name was Noor Bakht. Hisfamily tree from his father's side

after 34 stages reaches back to thesecond Caliph of the Holy Prophet,

Farooq i-Azam, Hadhrat Umar (ra) In addition to his paternal heritage,

his maternal heritage, his maternalheritage reached to a high degree

of dignity. His mother belonged tothe A'waan family, who are declared

by historians as descendants ofHadhrat Ali (ra). This makes him a

Farooqi as well as an Alvi. Munshi Muhammad Din Fauq has

wri t ten in his book, History of

Peoples of Poonch that the A'waanpeople are related to Hadhrat Ali ra.

The Awaan peopl e and the i rd i f f e r e n t c l a ns a n d w r i t e r s

unanimously agree that they are thedescendants of the son of Hadhrat

Ali ra, Abbas Alamdar, who wasmartyred in the tragedy of Karbala.

His sons, Abdullah and Ubaidullah,died in 120 A.H. during the time of

the Umayyad Khalifah Hisham binAbdul Malik, and were buried in the

holy city of Medina. The family treeof the A'waan meets in the seventh

generation to Awaan bin QasimLaila. As the A'waan were in the

family tree with Hadhrat AbbasAlamdar, they were also abbasides,

and as Hadhrat Abbas was the sonof Hadhrat Ali (ra), they were also

called Alvi.T h e A u t h o r o f t h e b o o k

Hayat-i-Noor, Maulana Abdul Qadir(formerly Sodagar Mal) writes:

From the family tree of MaulanaHakeem Noorud-Deen (ra), i t is

Y y Ô# Ø çF - Al Islam Online48 ALHAJ HAKEEM NOOR-UD-DEEN Khalifatul Mashih I þ 7 Ł^‡þn‡þ...

Documents

Transcript of Y y Ô# Ø çF - Al Islam Online48 ALHAJ HAKEEM NOOR-UD-DEEN Khalifatul Mashih I þ 7 Ł^‡þn‡þ...