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f/ unked a l g ebro ) . p e n g u in . j u l y . 2 0 1 4 p p . 2 5 7 - 260 ; w w w . b arbaraoakle y . c o m ' Barbara Oakle y 2014 , e x c e r p t e d fr o m A M in d f o r Numbers : H o w to Excel in M o th ond Science { Euen • F You M ATTER. q uickl y and w ell . If y o u don ’ t g e t a g o o d s le e p before a test , N O T H IN G E LS E Y O U H A V E D O N E W IL L f ati g ue allow s t o xins to build u p in the brain that disru p t the neural connections y ou need to think and it also p ractices and re p eats w hatever y ou p ut in m ind before y ou g o to slee p . Prolon g ed 10 . N ot g etti n g enou g h slee p . Your brain p ieces to g ether p roblem - s o l vin g techni q ues w hen y ou slee p , of i nterru p ted attention p u lls o ut tin y neural roots before the y can g row . i nsta nt messa g e or conversa tion m eans y ou have less brain p ow er to devote to learnin g . Ever y tu g 9 . Thi nkin g y ou can learn dee p l y w hen y ou are bein g constantl y distracted . Ever y tin y p u l l t o w ard an are the o nes w ho don ’ t c o m e in . D on ’ t b e o n e o f t h o s e s t u d e n t s . used to lost students com in g in for g uidance - i t ’ s o u r j ob to hel p y ou . Th e stude nts w e w orr y about N ot checkin g w it h y ou r inst ructo rs o r classm ates to clear u p p oints of co nfusion . Professors are 8 . t o read , h o w e v e r , t a k e a q u ic k g la n c e o v e r t h e c h a p t e r o r s e c t io n t o g e t a s e n s e o f w h a t it ’ s a b o u t . th e ans w ers . Y o u w ill flounder and w aste y o u r t im e if y ou don ’ t b o t h e r t o r e a d it . B efo re y ou be g in b efo re y ou knew how to sw im ? The textbook is y o ur sw im m in g instructor - i t g uides y ou to w ard 7 . N e g lectin g to read the textbook before y ou start w orkin g p roblems . W o uld y ou dive into a p ool th e w ork is done , y o u ’ r e w a s t in g y o u r t im e a n d s h o u ld f in d a n o t h e r s t u d y g r o u p . f l a w s in y o ur thinkin g , a n d d e e p e n y o u r le a r n in g . B ut if y ou r j oint stud y sessions turn to fun before f riends , a n d q u iz z in g o n e a n o t h e r o n w h a t y o u k n o w , c a n m a k e le a r n in g m o r e e n j o y a b le , e x p o s e Letti n g stud y sessio n s w ith friends turn into chat sessions . Ch eckin g y our p roble m solvin g w it h 6 . l ik e p re p arin g for a bi g basketball g am e b y j ust p racticin g y o ur d rib b lin g . around solvin g sim ilar p roblems durin g y our p ractice , y o u ’ r e n o t a c t u a ll y p r e p a r in g f o r a t e s t - i t ’ s 5 . Re p eatedl y s o lv in g p roblem s of t he sam e t yp e that y ou alread y know how to solve . If y ou j ust sit s ub j ect at a tim e . a track m eet? Your b rain is like a m uscle - i t can handle o nl y a lim ited am ount of exercise on one 4 . W aitin g until the last m inute to stud y . W o u ld y o u c ram at the last m inute if y o u w ere p racticin g for w ithout lookin g at the solutio n . w orst errors students m ake w hite stud y in g . You need to be able to sol ve a p roblem ste p - b y - s t e p , M e rel y g lancin g at a p roblem ’ s s o lu t io n a n d t h in k in g y o u k n o w h o w t o d o it . Thi s is one of the 3 . b rain . y ou are usin g hi g h li g htin g a s a m e m o r y tool , m a k e s u r e t h a t w h a t y o u m a r k is a ls o g o in g in t o y o u r h i g hli g h ti n g here and there is oka y - s o m e ti mes it can be hel p ful in fla gg in g im p ortant p oints . B ut if P uttin g somethin g in y our brain , w h e n a lt y o u ’ r e r e a ll y d oi n g is m o vin g y our hand . A littl e Lettin g hi g hli g hts overw helm y ou . Hi g hli g h ti n g y our text can fool y o ur m ind into thinkin g y ou are 2 . rereadin g is a w aste of tim e . th at the m at e ria l is m o vin g into y our brain b y recallin g the main ideas w ithout lookin g at the p a g e , 1 . Passive rereadin g - s i tti n g p assivel y and runnin g y our e y es back o ver a p a g e . U nless y ou can p rove y ou ’ r e le a r n in g ! A void these techni q ues - th e y can w aste y o ur tim e eve n w hite the y fo o t y ou into thinkin g B y Barba ra Oakle y , P H D , P E T en Rules of Bad Stud y in g
Transcript of Te n R u le s o f B a d St u d y in g - WordPress.com
f /u n k e d a l g e b r o ) . p e n g u i n . j u ly . 2 0 1 4 p p . 2 57 - 260 ; w w w . ba r b a r a o a k le y . c o m
' Ba r b a r a O a k le y 2 0 1 4 , e x c e rp
t e d f r o m A M i n d f o r N u m b e r s : H o w t o Ex c e l i n M o t h o n d S c i e n c e { E u e n • FYo u
M A TT ER .
q u i c k ly a n d w e l l . If y o u d o n’
t ge t a
go o d s le e p b e f o r e a t e s t , N O T H I N G E L S E Y O U H A V E D O N E W I L L
f a t ig u e a l l o w s t o x i n s t o b u i l d u p i n t h e b r a i n t h a t d i s r u p t t h e n e u r a l c o n n e c t i o n s y o u n e e d t o t h i n k
a n d i t a ls o p r a c t i c e s a n d r e p e a t s w h a t e v e r y o u p u t i n m i n d b e f o r e y o u g o t o s l e e p . Pr o l o n g e d
1 0 . N o t g e t t i n g e n o u g h s l e e p . Yo u r b r a i n p i e c e s t o g e t h e r p r o b l e m -s o lv i n g t e c h n i q u e s w h e n y o u s l e e p ,
o f i n t e r r u p t e d a t t e n t i o n p u l ls o u t t i n y n e u r a l r o o t s b e f o r e t h e y c a n g r o w .
in s t a n t m e s s a g e o r c o n v e r s a t i o n m e a n s y o u h a v e l e s s b r a i n p o w e r t o d e v o t e t o l e a r n i n g . Ev e r y t u g
9 . T h i n k i n g y o u c a n l e a r n d e e p l y w h e n y o u a r e b e i n g c o n s t a n t l y d i s t r a c t e d . Ev e r y t i n y p u l l t o w a r d a n
a r e t h e o n e s w h o d o n’
t c o m e i n . Do n’
t b e o n e o f t h o s e s t u d e n t s .
u s e d t o lo s t s t u d e n t s c o m i n g i n f o r g u i d a n c e - i t’
s o u r j o b t o h e l p y o u . T h e s t u d e n t s w e w o r r y a b o u t
N o t c h e c k i n g w i t h y o u r i n s t r u c t o r s o r c l a s s m a t e s t o c l e a r u p p o i n t s o f c o n f u s i o n . Pr o f e s s o r s a r e8 .
t o r e a d , h o w e v e r , t a k e a q
u i c k g
l a n c e o v e r t h e c h ap
t e r o r s e c t i o n t o g
e t a s e n s e o f w h a t i t’
s a b o u t .
t h e a n s w e r s . Yo u w i l l f l o u n d e r a n d w a s t e y o u r t i m e i f y o u d o n’
t b o t h e r t o r e a d i t . Be f o r e y o u b e g i n
b e f o r e y o u k n e w h o w t o s w i m ? T h e t e x t b o o k i s y o u r s w i m m i n g i n s t r u c t o r - it g u i d e s y o u t o w a r d
7 . N e g l e c t i n g t o r e a d t h e t e x t b o o k b e f o r e y o u s t a r t w o r k i n g p r o b l e m s . W o u l d y o u d i v e i n t o a p o o l
t h e w o r k i s d o n e , y o u
’r e w a s t i n
g yo u r t i m e a n d s h o u l d f i n d a n o t h e r s t u d
y gr o u
p.
f la w s i n y o u r t h i n k i n g , a n d d e e p e n y o u r l e a r n i n g . Bu t i f y o u r j o i n t s t u d y s e s s io n s t u r n t o f u n b e f o r e
f r i e n d s , a n d q u i z z i n g o n e a n o t h e r o n w h a t y o u k n o w , c a n m a k e l e a r n i ng
m o r e e n j o y a b le , e x p o s e
Le t t i n g s t u d y s e s s i o n s w i t h f r i e n d s t u r n i n t o c h a t s e s s i o n s . Ch e c k i n g y o u r p r o b l e m s o lv i n g w i t h6 .
l i ke p r e p a r i n g f o r a b ig b a s k e t b a l l g a m e b y j u s t p r a c t i c i n g y o u r d r i b b l i n g .
a r o u n d s o l v i n g s i m i l a r p r o b l e m s d u r i n g y o u r p r a c t i c e , yo u
’r e n o t a c t u a l l
y pr e p a r i n
g f o r a t e s t
- it’
s
5 . Re p e a t e d l y s o l v i n g p r o b l e m s o f t h e s a m e t y p e t h a t y o u a l r e a d y k n o w h o w t o s o l v e . If y o u j u s t s i t
s u b j e c t a t a t i m e .
a t r a c k m e e t ? Y o u r b r a i n i s l i k e a m u s c le - i t c a n h a n d l e o n ly a l i m i t e d a m o u n t o f e x e r c i s e o n o n e
4 . W a i t i n g u n t i l t h e l a s t m i n u t e t o s t u d y . W o u ld y o u c r a m a t t h e l a s t m i n u t e i f y o u w e r e p r a c t i c i n g f o r
w i t h o u t l o o k i n g a t t h e s o l u t i o n .
w o r s t e r r o r s s t u d e n t s m a k e w h i t e s t u d y i n g . Yo u n e e d t o b e a b l e t o s o l v e a p r o b l e m s t e p- by -
s t e p ,
M e r e l y g l a n c i n g a t a p r o b l e m’
s s o l u t i o n a n d t h i n k i n g y o u k n o w h o w t o d o i t . Th is i s o n e o f t h e3 .
b r a i n .
y o u a r e u s i n g h ig h l ig h t i n g a s a m e m o r y t o o l , m a k e s u r e t h a t w h a t y
o u m a r k i s a l s o g o i n
g i n t o y o u r
h ig h lig h t i n g h e r e a n d t h e r e i s o k a y-
s o m e t im e s i t c a n b e h e l p f u l i n f l a g g i n g i m p o r t a n t p o i n t s . Bu t i f
Pu t t i n g s o m e t h i n g i n y o u r b r a i n , w h e n a l t y
o u
’
r e r e a l ly do i n g i s m o v i n g y o u r h a n d . A l i t t le
Le t t i n g h i g h l i g h t s o v e r w h e l m y o u . Hig h lig h t i n g y o u r t e x t c a n f o o l y o u r m i n d i n t o t h i n k i n g y o u a r e2 .
r e r e a d i n g i s a w a s t e o f t i m e .
t h a t t h e m a t e r i a l i s m o v i n g i n t o y o u r b r a i n b y r e c a l l i n g t h e m a i n i d e a s w i t h o u t l o o k i n g a t t h e p a g e ,
1 . Pa s s i v e r e r e a d i n g-
s it t i n g p a s s iv e ly a n d r u n n i n g y o u r e y e s b a c k o v e r a p a g e . U n l e s s y o u c a n p r o v e
y o u’
r e l e a r n i ng
!
A v o id t h e s e t e c h n iq u e s - t h e y c a n w a s t e y o u r t i m e e v e n w h i te t h e y f o o t y o u i n t o t h i n k i n g
By Ba r b a r a O a k l e y , P H D , P E
T e n R u le s o f B a d S t u d y i n g
f 1u n k e d a l g e b r a ) . p e n g u i n . j u l y . 2 0 1 4 p p. 2 5 7 - 2 6 0 ; w w w . b a r b a r a o a k le y . c o m
' Ba r b a r a O a k le y 2 0 1 4 , e x c e r p t e d f r o m A M i n d j o r N u m b e r s : H o w t o E x c e l i n M o t h a n d S c i e n c e { E v e n • U Yo u
t h o s e y o u l o v e !
d r e a m . L o o k a t t h a t w h e n y o u f i n d y o u r m o t i v a t i o n l a g g i n g . T h is w o r k w i l l p a y o f f b o t h f o r y o u a n d
w h e r e y o u r s t u d i e s w i l t t a k e y o u . Po s t a p i c t u r e o r w o r d s i n y o u r w o r k s p a c e t o r e m i n d y o u o f y o u r
1 0 . M a k e a m e n t a l c o n t r a s t . Im a g i n e w h e r e y o u’
v e c o m e f r o m a n d c o n t r a s t t h a t w i t h t h e d r e a m o f
9 . Ea t y o u r f r o g s f i r s t . Do t h e h a r d e s t t h i n g e a r l i e s t i n t h e d a y , w h e n y
o u a r e f r e s h .
s t u d y i n g-
n o t g la n c i n g a t y o u r c o m p u t e r o r p h o n e - is j u s t s o m e t h i n g y o u n a t u r a l ly d o .
s e s s i o n s i n a d a y c a n r e a l l y m o v e y o u r s t u d i e s f o r w a r d . T r y t o s e t u p t i m e s a n d p l a c e s w h e r e
d i l ig e n t ly a s y o u c a n . A f t e r t h e t i m e r g o e s o f f , g i v e y o u r s e l f a s m a l l , f u n r e w a r d . A f e w o f t h e s e
t i m e r f o r t w e n t y- f iv e m i n u t e s . Fo c u s i n t e n t l y f o r t h o s e t w e n t y
- f iv e m i n u t e s a n d t r y t o w o r k a s
8 . Fo c u s . T u r n o f f a l l i n t e r r u p t i n g b e e p s a n d a l a r m s o n y o u r p h o n e a n d c o m p u t e r , a n d t h e n t u r n o n a
y o u t o m o r e d e e p ly e n c o d e ( t h a t i s , c o n v e r t i n t o n e u r a l m e m o r y s t r u c t u r e s ) w h a t y o u a r e l e a r n i n g .
e x p l a n a t i o n -
s a y i t o u t lo u d o r p u t i t i n w r i t i n g . T h e a d d i t i o n a l e f f o r t o f s p e a k i n g a n d w r i t i n g a l l o w s
r e a l ly h e l p s , l i k e s a yi n
g t h a t t h e f l o w o f e l e c t r i c i t y
i s l i k e t h e f l o w o f w a t e r . Do n’
t j u s t t h i n k y o u r
t h i n k t o y o u r s e l f , H o w c a n 1 e x pl a i n t h i s s o t h o r 0 t e n
-
y e o r -
o 1d c o u l d u n d e r s t a n d i t ? U s i n g a n a n a lo g y
7 . U s e e x p l a n a t o r y q u e s t i o n i n g a n d s i m p l e a n a l o g i e s . W h e n e v e r y o u a r e s t r u g g l i n g w i t h a c o n c e p t ,
a n o t h e r p a r t o f y o u r m i n d c a n t a k e o v e r a n d w o r k i n t h e b a c k g r o u n d .
s t u d y i n g a l l a t o n c e . W h e n y o u g e t f r u s t r a t e d w i t h a m a t h o r s c i e n c e p r o b le m , t a k e a b r e a k s o t h a t
t h e f i r s t t i m e y o u e n c o u n t e r t h e m . T h is i s w h y a l i t t l e s t u d y e v e r y d a y i s m u c h b e t t e r t h a n a l o t o f
6 . T a k e b r e a k s . [t is c o m m o n t o b e u n a b l e t o s o l v e p r o b l e m s o r f i g u r e o u t c o n c e p t s i n m a t h o r s c i e n c e
p r o b l e m , a n d s e e w h e t h e r y o u c a n s o l v e i t c o l d .
d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f p r o b le m s . A n o t h e r w a y t o d o t h i s i s t o r a n d o m ly f l i p t h r o u g h y o u r b o o k , pi c k o u t a
t h e c a r d i f y o u w a n t t o l o a d i t i n t o a s t u d y a p p o n y o u r s m a r t p h o n e . Qu i z y o u r s e l f r a n d o m l y o n
(Ha n d w r i t i n g b u i l d s s t r o n g e r n e u r a l s t r u c t u r e s i n m e m o r y t h a n t y p i n g . ) Yo u m ig h t a l s o p h o t o g r a p h
h a n d w r i t e ( d o n’
t t y p e ) a p r o b l e m o n o n e s i d e o f a f l a s h c a r d a n d t h e s o l u t i o n o n t h e o t h e r .
y o u u n d e r s t a n d w h y y o u m a d e t h e m , a n d t h e n r e w o r k y o u r s o l u t i o n s . T o s t u d y m o s t e f f e c t i v e l y ,
y o u’
l l n e e d t o d o t h i s o n y
o u r o w n . ) A f t e r e v e r y a s s ig n m e n t a n d t e s t , go o v e r
yo u r e r r o r s , m a k e s u r e
t e a c h e s y o u b o t h h o w a n d w h e n t o u s e a t e c h n i q u e . (Bo o k s g e n e r a l l y a r e n o t s e t u p t h i s w a y , s o
w h a t y o u d i d o n t h e p r e v i o u s p r o b l e m . M ix i t u p a n d w o r k o n d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f p r o b l e m s . T h is
a n y o n e s e s s i o n u s i n g o n ly o n e p r o b l e m -
s o lv i n g t e c h n iq u e -
a f t e r a w h i le , y o u a r e j u s t m i m i c k i n g
5 . A lt e r n a t e d i f f e r e n t p r o b l e m -s o lv i n g t e c h n i q u e s d u r i n g y o u r p r a c t i c e . N e v e r p r a c t i c e t o o l o n g a t
Yo u r b r a i n i s l i k e a m u s c l e - it c a n h a n d le o n ly a l i m i t e d a m o u n t o f e x e r c is e o n o n e s u b j e c t a t a t i m e .
4 . S p a c e y o u r r e p e t i t i o n . Sp r e a d o u t y o u r le a r n i n g i n a n y s u b j e c t a l i t t le e v e r y d a y , j u s t l i k e a n a t h l e t e .
in f o r m a t i o n c o m b i n e s i n t o o n e s m o o t h c h u n k y o u c a n p u l l u p w h e n e v e r y o u w a n t .
c o l d -
e v e r y s t e p . Pr e t e n d i t’
s a s o ng
a n d le a r n t o p l a y i t o v e r a n d o v e r a g a i n i n y o u r m i n d , s o t h e
c a n a l l c o m e t o m i n d i n a f l a s h . A f t e r y o u s o lv e a p r o b l e m , r e h e a r s e i t . M a k e s u r e y o u c a n s o lv e i t
3 . Ch u n k y o u r p r o b l e m s . Ch u n k i n g i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g a n d p r a c t ic i n g w i t h a p r o b l e m s o l u t i o n s o t h a t i t
2 . Te s t y o u r s e l f . O n e v e r y t h i n g . A l l t h e t i m e . Fla s h c a r d s a r e y o u r f r i e n d .
t o r e c a l l - t o g e n e r a t e t h e i d e a s f r o m i n s i d e y o u r s e l f - is o n e o f t h e k e y i n d ic a t o r s o f g o o d l e a r n i n g .
w h e n y o u a r e w a l k i n g t o c l a s s o r i n a d i f f e r e n t r o o m f r o m w h e r e y o u o r ig i n a l ly l e a r n e d i t . A n a b i l i t y
n e v e r h i g h l ig h t a n y t h i n g y o u h a v e n’
t p
u t i n y
o u r m i n d f ir s t b y r e c a l l i n g . T r y r e c a l l i n g m a i n i d e a s
1 . Us e r e c a l l . Af t e r y o u r e a d a p a g e , l o o k a w a y a n d r e c a l l t h e m a i n i d e a s . Hig h lig h t v e r y l i t t l e , a n d
By Ba r b a r a O a k le y , P H D , P E
10 Ru le s o f G o o d S t u d y i n g
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