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"CU= xOW x�=Q= 6 hOy |Q}PBpmW |=Q@ xv}y@ �y =@10 w9|=ypmWQO?=k wO Qy QN; w pw=C=k@]|=yQo =Q}t|}xNQJQ=DiQ x@ Qo =x@ '|R=Uxv}y@ R= p@k Cr=L QO QN; |xk@] Qo =Q}t xm Cio u=wD|t 'OwW xHwD|vLvt Q} R K]U xm |}=Hv; R= "CU= xOW |a=HDQ=Q}e |xRwL OQ=w sm Q=}U@ Q=OktQN; |xk@] Qo =Q}t u}=Q@=v@ &CU= |SQv= hqD= u=R}t |xOvyOu=Wv xQ=wty '|}xNQJQO u}= w xDW=Ov xrRrR |SQv= hqD= QO |QF-wt Vkv '|R=Uxv}y@ R= p@k Cr=L QO

Cr=L QO xk@] 3 |WtN ?=k QN; w pw= |xk@] |=yQo =Q}t |}xNQJ Q=DiQ "9 pmW"Imperial Valley |xrRrR QO xv}y@ �y w C@=F |x}rw= �y

QO xk@] 5 |WtN ?=k QN; w pw= |xk@] |=yQo =Q}t |}xNQJ Q=DiQ "10 pmW"Imperial Valley |xrRrR QO 'xv}y@�y w C@=F |x}rw= �y Cr=L

wO QO xk@] 3 ?=k |=yQo =Q}t s}rUD |}=H@=H w C=k@] |Q}PBpmW R=}v "6 pmW"xrRrR 6 u}ov=}t R= xv}y@ �y w C@=F |x}rw= �y Cr=L



|xYNWt |xv}y@ `} RwD |xwLv xm OwW|t xOy=Wt 7 w 6 |=ypmW QOQ=Okt R= QDtm |v=kwi C=k@] QO Q=Okt u}= xm CU= |}xvwo x@ s}rUD |}=H@=Hxm |r=L QO "CU= xOt; CUOx@ u; R= QDW}@ |v=DLD C=k@] QO w x}rw= C@=FC=k@] QO '8 pmW j@=]t xk@] 10 ?=k QO QDt=Q=B u}= |xv}y@ `} RwD |xwLvxOt; CUOx@ u}ov=}t Q=Okt R= QDW}@ |mOv= |v=}t C=k@] QO w QDtm u}}=B w q=@s}rUD |}=H@=H |xv}y@ `} RwD =@ xm OwW|t x_Lqt =ypmW u}= QO u}vJty "CU=OQmrta xR=U w CU= QDCN=wvm} C=k@] |Q}PBpmW R=}v `} RwD 'xR=U `=iDQ= QOuOw@C@=F x@ xHwD =@ u}vJty "CW=O Oy=wN |R=Uxv}y@ R= TB |QDy@ |}xRQru}= xm Cio u=wD|t =ypOt R= l} Qy |=yQo =Q}t QO |iQYt Kr=Yt pm Q=OktxR=U `=iDQ= QO =yQo =Q}t |iQYt Kr=Yt |xv}y@ `} RwD Ea=@ |R=Uxv}y@ VwQ

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U 'CU= xv}W}@ |}xk@] u=}t |WQ@ |@Uv |}=H@=H hQat Dshm '5 |x]@=Q QO|WQ@ |@Uv |}=H@=H Dshu "O};|t CUOx@ |v=tR |xJN} Q=D |=yp}rLD R= xm0 02 =} 0 025� |}xt=vu}}; R=Ht Q=Okt u}@ R= u; |=Q@ xm 'CU= xk@] R=Ht |}=yvs}rUD |}=H@=H Q@=Q@ 10 Qw]u}ty w �2800 |xt=vu}}; j@=]t xk@] `=iDQ= Q@=Q@Q=Qk =v@t QDlJwm Q=Okt [23]'�Qo =Q}t |=Q@ |O=yvW}B |@=QN OL =@ Q@=Q@� xk@] Qo =Q}t|WtN ?=k |=Q@ xm 'CU= xk@] s}rUD |WQ@ |@Uv |}=H@=H Dshy "CU= xDiQos}rUD |}=H@=H w Qo =Q}t s}rUD |}=H@=H u}@ R= Q=Okt u} QDlJwm Qo =Q}t x@ RyHt

"CU= xOW xDiQo Q_v QO 2 OOa R}v m u=wD |=Q@ "CU= xk@] u; QO ?=kCr=L wO QO xk@] 10 w 5 '3 |WtN |=y?=k |@=QN T}Ov= '11 pmW QOx�=Q= hrDNt xrRrR 6 QF= CLD 6 hOy |Q}PBpmW |=Q@ '|R=Uxv}y@ R= Oa@ w p@k|}x_Lqt p@=k Vy=m 'OwW|t xOy=Wt =ypmW u}= QO xm Qw]u=ty "CU= xOWQO Vy=m u}= u=R}t "CU= xOW O=H}= |R=Uxv}y@ R= TB =yxR=U |@=QN T}Ov= QO

"CU= QDQ}osWJ 'QDx=Dwm |=y?=k

|Q}oxH}Dv "6|=yxR=U QO |wk |=yxrRrR s=ovy x@ xm CU= xOW xO=O u=Wv VywSB u}= QOxm 'ADAS Ovv=ty xOvwW|Q=H |Rri |=yQo =Q}t x@ RyHt |Oqwi |WtN ?=kCN=wvm} Qw]x@ ,=twRr C=k@] R=}v |Q}PBpmW 'Ov=xOW |L=Q] swUQt |=yVwQ x@'hrDNt C=k@] QO Q=R@= w Kr=Yt ?U=vt=v `} RwD Q@ xwqa xH}Dv QO "OwW|tv `} RwDl} u}=Q@=v@ "Ow@ Oy=wN C=k@] |NQ@ QO |@=QN OaDUt |wk |=yxrRrR QO xR=Us}rUD |}=H@=H |xYNWt Q}}eD =@ u=wD@ =D CU= xOW O=yvW}B |R=Uxv}y@ sD} Qwor='xOvwW|Q=H |Rri |=yQo =Q}t x@ RyHt |WtN |=y?=k hrDNt C=k@] |=yQo =Q}tp}rLD s=Hv= R= TB Qw_vt u}O@ "OQm CN=wvm} =Q C=k@] QO |Q}PBpmW R=}v|=[=kD xm '|D=k@] �y R= s=o x@ s=o w |H} QOD Qw]x@ '|]NQ}e |v=tR |xJN} Q=D|=[=kD xm |D=k@] �y x@ w xDU=m 'CU= u}ov=}t Q=Okt R= QDtm =yu; |Q}PBpmWu}OvJ R= TB "CU= xOW xOwRi= 'CU= u}ov=}t Q=Okt R= QDW}@ =yu; |Q}PBpmW

"CU= xOW pY=L C=k@] |Q}PBpmW CN=wvm} ,=@} QkD `} RwD 's=oCLD Qo =Q}t x@ RyHt xk@] 10 w 5 '3 |WtN |=y?=k p}rLD |OOa G}=Dv�y |xYNWt |xv}y@ `} RwD |xwLv xm CU= xO=O u=Wv xrRrR hrDNt OQwmQ 6|=yQo =Q}t |xv}y@ �y xm CU= |}xvwo x@ xk@] 5 w 3 |WtN |=y?=k |=yQo =Q}t|v=DLD C=k@] |=yQo =Q}t |xv}y@ �y w x}rw= C@=F Q=Okt R= QDtm |v=kwi C=k@]C=k@] QO QDt=Q=B u}= |xv}y@ Q=Okt 'xk@] 10 |WtN ?=k QO =t= "CU= u; R= QDW}@CUOx@ u; R= QDW}@ |v=}t C=k@] QO w x}rw= C@=F Q=Okt R= QDtm |v=DLD w |v=kwi

"CU= xOt;|=yQo =Q}t w xDi=} Ow@y@ =yQo =Q}t |}xNQJ Q=DiQ |R=Uxv}y@ Ov}=Qi s=Hv= R= Oa@xO=O u=Wv OwN R= xrRrR |OwQw |SQv= lqyDU= QO |QF-wt CmQ=Wt 'C=k@] |t=tDR= TB |v=tDN=U |=y?=k |@=QN T}Ov= QO |}x_Lqt p@=k Vy=m u}vJty w

"CU= xOW O=H}= |R=Uxv}y@u=tDN=U |=yQo =Q}t |xv}y@ |L=Q] |=Q@ VywSB u}= QO xOWx�=Q= sD} Qwor=x=wNrO x@ R}v =Q xR=U hOy |Q}PBpmW u=wD|t xm OQ=O =Q C}r@=k u}= |WtN ?=kx@ OwOLt s=o OvJ =@ w CUq=@ u; |}=Qosy CaQU u}vJty "OQm s}_vD w ?=NDv=|WwQ 'Cw=iDt |=yOQmrta =@ |}=yxR=U |=Q@ xH}Dv QO "OUQ|t ?wr]t |xH}Dv

"CU= QF-wt p=L u}a QO w xO=U ,=D@Uv

|x}rw= �y Cr=L wO QO xk@] 10 w 5 '3|WtN |=y?=k|@=QNT}Ov= "11 pmW"hrDNt |=yxrRrR QO xv}y@ �y w C@=F

|@=QN RQt QO w O=} R Q=}U@ pw= |xk@] Qo =Q}t |a=HDQ=Q}e |}=H@=H xm CU= |r=Lxm OwW|t x_Lqt 'OwW xHwD |R=Uxv}y@ R= TB |}xNQJ Q=DiQ x@ |Dkw =t= "CU=|QDQF-wt Q=}U@ Vkv 'QDnQR@ |=yxNQJ O}rwD =@ QN; |xk@] Qo =Q}t 'xv}y@ Cr=L QOR= TB R}v pw= |xk@] Qo =Q}t |}xNQJ Q=DiQ "Ovm|t =i}= xrRrR |SQv= lqyDU= QOQ}=U G}=Dv "CU= xOW QDOwOLt u; |a=HDQ=Q}e |}=H@=H w xDi=} Ow@y@ |R=Uxv}y@

"OvQ=O |OvwQ u}vJ R}v Qo}O |=yxrRrR CLD =ypOt

xR=U |@=QN T}Ov= QO |R=Uxv}y@ Q}F-=D "3"5'x}rw= Cr=L x@ C@Uv xOWxv}y@ |xR=U |}=Q=m w C}r@=k V}=tv |=yx=Q R= |m}QO xOWx�=Q= |x]@=Q R= VywSB u}= QO "CU= xR=U wO |@=QN T}Ov= |xU}=ktu=wvax@ C=k@] |WQ@ |@Uv |=ypmWQ}}eD w xO=iDU= [25]'1988 p=U QO |WywSB'xR=U pm |@=QN T}Ov= |x@U=Lt |=Q@ "CU= xOW ?=NDv= |@=QN QO QF-wt C}tm,=D}=yv w xOW x@U=Lt 5 |x]@=Q j@=]t (DIs) C=k@] lDlD |@=QN T}Ov= =OD@=Q}O=kt |xOwOLt "CU= xOt; CUOx@ 6 |x]@=Q R= (DIg) xR=U pm |@=QN T}Ov=

"Ow@ Oy=wN 1 =D QiY u}@ \@=wQ u}= R= pY=L

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�References� `@=vt1. Soong, T.T. and Dargush, G.F., Passive Energy Dissi-

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2. Sajjadi Alehashem, S.M., Keyhani, A. and Pourmo-hammad, H. \Behavior and performance of structuresequipped with ADAS & TADAS dampers (a comparisonwith conventional structures)", The 14th World Confer-ences on Earthquake Engineering, China (2008).

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6. Tsai, K.C., Chen, H.W., Hong, C.P. and Su, Y.F. \De-sign of steel triangular plate energy absorbers for seis-mic resistant construction", Earthquake Spectra, 9(3),pp. 505-528 (1993).

7. Moreschi, L.M. and Singh, M.P. \Design of yieldingmetallic and friction dampers for optimal seismic per-formance", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dy-namics, 32(8), pp. 1291-1311 (2003).

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with respect to acceleration, displacement and baseshear", Engineering Structures, 29(11), pp. 2853-2870(2007).

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15. Apostolakis, G. and Dargush, G.F. \Optimal seismicdesign of moment-resisting steel frames with hystereticpassive devices", Earthquake Engineering and StructuralDynamics, 39(4), pp. 355-376 (2010).

16. Karami Mohammadi, R., El Naggar, M.H. and Moghad-dam, H. \Optimum strength distribution for seismic re-sistant shear buildings", International Journal of Solidsand Structures, 41(22-23), pp. 6597-6612 (2004).

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19. Ganjavi, B. and Hao, H. \A parametric study on theevaluation of ductility demand distribution in multi-degree-of-freedom systems considering soil{structure in-teraction e�ects", Engineering Structures, 43, pp. 88-104(2012).

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24. Whittaker, A.S., Uang, C.M. and Bertero, V.V. \An ex-perimental study of the behavior of dual steel systems",Report No. UCB/EERC-88/14, University of California,Berkeley (1988).

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