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Case 3:1 7-cr-003A6-1GZ Dacumeni 'i 1L Filed 0B/l-7ll-8 Page L oi 44

Titrany A. Harris. OSB023 1 8

Atfrrmey atLrw333 SW Taylor Sto'est, Suite 300Porrland, OR97Z04L s03.782.4788 f. 503.217.ssl1tiff@harri sde fens e. com

Afromey for C),:r:s Suilivan

UJ\ryIED STATES OF A[4EzuCA,

Plaiditr,

vs.

CYRUS SIJLLIVAN,

IN\TTTED STATES DISruCT COLIRT

FOR TIJE DiSTzuCT OF OREGON

PORTI.AND DI\ISION

Case No,: 3 : 1 7-CR-003A5-IGZ

E)PERT \VITNESS REPORTWtr,sON C. "TOBY'}IAYES, PH.D.

Defendant

bueopusuoN

1) My narne is Wilson C, "Tobt''Hayes, Ph.D. I have been retained as an independmt

expert witoess by Tiffaay A. Han'is, Atlorney at I-aw, oa behaif of C5ats Sulliva:r in the

orytioned case to provide my opinioas with reryect to the inji:ries sustained by [4r. Suliivan.

2) I have reviewed ttre following materials in coonection with my work ia this case:

Multuomah Comty Sheriffs Office Incident Reports (6/28117), Nine Saparate Reporfs;

for Leave to Serrre Subpoenas UnderRule 17(cX3) (5102118);Medical Records; Radiograph CD:

5DgI77,Left Humen:s ,8I3I!7,I-eft Humerus; and hdictm ent(SI15I17).

EXPRT WIINESS R.EPORI

WN-SON C. 'TOBY'HA]ES, PIID. - 1

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Gase 3:17-ctD03D5-iGZ Dccumeni 1'f i Filed C8/17i1-B ?age 2 ai 44

3) Based ou the materiais I have reviewed, I irndersiand that \&. Clrus Sullivan is charged

v,iflr five counts of assaulting a Federal Offioer reiaied to a series of interactions with correcti

clepr:ties at 'rhe Multnomah Coimf Detention Center G\{C,DC) on June 78, ZAl7. Ls

consequoRce of fiese events, h.{r. Sullivan was tu'aa'r-ed by paramedics at the MCDC,

'o Cregon lIealih & Science Uiversity Emergency Departunent aad diagaosed by Bryro

Woif, MD. u,i-ri"i " . ..an obliquel*acfrre thraugh ihe distal In*nerdJ riiapfrysis, wiih orue half

wi&It pasierior displocemerti of the dirtsl componeni 6rtd mirufn'Lal anierior ryex mzgtiation.

Dr. Wolf s rmpression was "mildly diryIacedht*neral diaplrysealfrocf*eJ'

4) Two versions of bow the humeral fractla-e occurred are reflected in fte records. The

Pafient Care Report from fie paramedics indicates that li4r. Sullivan whs in "an altercfiionw

fficerf', and stated thzl "I{e sustairzed the injwy when he was forced down io the gromd

had his wm hryisted behind his bacY' and that be "felt pain when his sm was twisted beldnC

baclc" h{r. Suliivan fi.r::ther stated that he ttrought uhis arm was brolen a11er fficers bft his cell.

h4r. Suiiivan's version of the events was described as occurring in a ceil on the fourth

disciplinary unit (what I uldersta::d to be commonly lorown as '1he hole"), after he had b

fordfully escorted from his cell on the fiftr foor in the generai population area of the jail an

had been pinne4 face-dowq by deputies to a maftess'on fhe floor of, a ceIl in the

center on tbe fourfh floor. Th.is is when lr4r. Suilivaa asserts that his antr was fivis'red behind

back and broken.

5) The versions of these eveuts provided by Deputy Barksr and Deprxy i::gram differ

zubstantially from that of h4r. Sullhan- In his incident Reporl D"pry Barker (hcideut

A7 .L5.17 , MCSO) indicated that wh.ile he was "trying to 1ruIl M. Sullivatt'il Iert om belzin-d.

bac?' [in order to handcuffhim], he "herdwhd [heJ thougltt was a Pop, " He'r'hen waited for

E}PRTWTTNESS REPORT

WLSOI'I C. *TOBY'I{AYES: PIID. - 2

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Case 3:17-cr-00300-icz Documeni 111 Uleci CB/17l18 Page 3 d 44

reaction indicating an injury and saw "no indicction of this. " Similarly, Depury Mart:ew

(Incident Report 07 .13,17 , MCSO) described h4r. Sullivaa's resis'rance to havlrg his lefi hand

placed behind him, hearing a "pop" noise as his Ieft wr,t'r"appesedto ihe small of his back".I

is my undersfanding that'rhe government may argue'rhat }t&. Sullivan's fraciure occurred at th

time they heard th.is "pop,"

O I subnit Lhis Expert Report in oompiiarce with RuIe 16(b)(i)(c) of tle Federal Rules of

Cri:ninal Procedrne. I expect to tastiff aJ t'ial regarding the matlers expressed in tb.is

Report and ary supplemental repofts or declarations that i may prcpare for this matfer. I

also prryare aad rely on audiovisual aids, anatomic models a:rd physical demonsbalions

provide bases aud reasons for various aspects of my f ial 'restimony. I may also testirl at

with respect to aay maffers related to the fields of injuy biomechaaics or auatomy addressed

any expert testify"g on behalf of the United Stztes, if asked by the Corn-t or by counsel.

Expser Quer.rrr cerr oxs

7) Here, I provide a brief summary of my quaiifications. My qualifications are stated more

fuily in my mo$ recent arrianlwn vitae ("ff), which is a:fached to this Erpert Report

Exidbit 1.

8) I ala over the age of eighteen and I am a cifiz-a of the United States.

9) I am curre,ntJy ErnerifiIs Professor in the College of Heaith and Hi:man Sciences d

Oregon Stato Universfu in Corvaliis, Oregou I am also President of HayesfAssociates, I-nc

2390 NSr Kings BIvd, Corv-aliis, OR, 97330.

10) i gaduarod with a B.S. ia Mecbaaical Engineering in 1954 a.ud than an M.S. ia

DEERTWIINBSS REPOR]T

WN-SO}{ C, "TOBT iIAl'ES. PII-D. .3

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Case 3;1 7-cr-00306-icz Documeni 11 l- triled D8/l-7l1-8 Page 4 oi 44

Mechanicai -Eagineeri::g ilesign) in 1956 from S'ranford lJniversiry. As an urdergraciuate ar

graduaie siudent at Stanford University I iook courses in engiaeering mechanics, ci1'nam:cs

ki:rematics and thus I am familiar wi-ih the fundamental engineering prbciples fiat are used

'&e reconstuciion and simulation of a varief, of events that can cause injuries. I received

Ph.D. in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics @iomedical Engineering) in L970

Nofrhwestern Universit-y, q,here my course of st-iciy invoived both medical and engi

courses, the lafr-er again including advanced taining in engineeriag dlnamics and kinematics

a:rd fhe formor il analouy, physiology anci biomechauics. i then comple'reri two post-ciocto

fellowships, the ftrsl at'ihe Laboratory for Experiroenid Surgery il Davos, Swfuerland m D7A

aad fhe second at the Deparhlent of ffiopaedics at ihe Karolinska Lrstitr.rte in Stockto

Sweden tL 1971.

i 1) From 1971tD 7976,1was Assistaat ProfEssor of Mechanical Engineering and Sr:rgery

(Orflropaedics) at Stanford Universif. From i976 to L979, I was Associate Professor o

Orthopaedics and Bioengineering at the Universif of Penr:sylvaaia- In i979, I was

Director of 'rhe Ordropaedic Biomechanics La.boratory at llarrard's Beth Israei Hospital

Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at Harvard Medical School. Ia i983, I'was

Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at the'Harvard-Mlf Division of l{eaith.sciences

Technology. In 1985, i was nmred Full Professor at both Harvard Medical School a::d MIT;

then in 1988, the first incumbent of rtre h.{aurice E. Mueiler Endo-wed Professorship o

Biomecbaaics at Haward Medical School, a position I heid uafrl 1998, when I joined 6e facul

at both &-egon State Universify and Oregon Healttr & Science Uuiversity. I served as Vi

Provost for Research at Oregon State from Mray 1998 through Jr:ae 2001, when I resigned

adminifr'ative position in order to focus more fuIIy on lIayes*Associates, Ioc.

E)GRTWTI}ESS REPORT

WN.SON C, *TOBY" IIAYES, PILD. . 4

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12) I have more than 40 years of 'reaching, research and consulting experieuce in fields

ralrgtng across mechanical engineering, experimental mechanics, accideni recont'ructi

occupant dynamics, injury biomechanics, human functional anatomy, and clinical ofho

I have 'raught undergraduate, graduate, and post-gradua-re sfr.rdents in both engineering

meaical school sefuings. I have lectured on -ihe subjact of injury biomechanics in a wide vari

of posi-graduaie courses for engbeers, medicai studants, residonts, ciinical orthopaediss

forensic scientists, and aocident recoBshlrctioaists. At Staaford, I 'Laught eourses h engineeri

nechaaics, er-perimen'ra-1 mechauics and biomechadcs, oflren using exaanples related 'o in

reconstu'uction and inju'y d5a:amics, Frorn i985 to 1998I was one of the three Course Di

of Human Functional Anatomy at Harvard Medical School. In this role, I was responsible

lectures, prosection demonsft'ations, and laboratory dissections, primarily related to

functional aaatomy of tbe musculoskeletal ry$em, including tre upper exft'emiry and elbow.

routinely made use of radiographs, L&.f's, and CT's in the course of my teaching.

13) I have served as Principal or C+-h-incipal hvestigzlor on 61 research grants from federal

foun,tation or industial sourcos, all of them involving flre biomechaaics of the musciil

syslem. Mmy of these grants directly involved ,"jury biomechaaics. Reseaxch resuits from m

laboratory liave appeared in the peer-reviewed lilerature and are widely cited by scientists

exPefis in the field- I have authored or co-authord. 2A4 peer-reviewed pubiications, over

chaptat, and two books. One of ttrese books went fl:rough two editions. I was tbe

editor of.the Joi:rnal of Ortropaedic Research and served as its Co-Editor-in-Chief from i983

1995. The Jorrnai is now thepreemineat research jorraal in ortbopaedics.

1a) Ahhough I am not a licensed physicial aad do not kaat parientg I have had considerable

DCPRT Y'TTNESS RPORT

MLSON C. "TOBY- HAIBS. PII-D. - 5

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Case 3:17-ci--003G6-iGZ Documeni 1 1l- Filed 08/1-7il-B Paoe 6 of 44

experiance in ciinical orthopaedics. As Vice Chainnan for R-esearch in ihe Deoartonent o

Cr'iJropaedic Surgery atBaih Israel Deaconess Madiczl Cerfier,I atlended x-ray rounds, often

a daily basis, ofrering advice to residents and house slaff on the mechanisms and fo.eaftlent

musculosksletal injuries. I served as Acting Chairman of the Departuent from 1992-1993 whil

the Deparh-nent searched for a new Chief. I rouiinely qBalify in bot! state and federal couc i

bofh civil and criminal proceedings 'ro testify, tD d rEasoaabie degreo of engineerilg

bioniechanical cartainf, on injury biomechanies, roirlinely making use of and i

medical histories, radiographs and aaatomy as t]:e basis for my opinions.

Wrr=ll-sss's Orrxroxs

15) BasC on my review and aaaJysis of tle materials provided and my background, ftaining

and experience in anatomy and inji:ry biomechanics, it is my opinion, to a reasonable degree o

engineering and biomechanical certainty, that h4r. Sullivan's humeral fracture occurred in cei

4F13 of the fouilh floor detention center when he was pinned to the mathess on fie cell floor

Deputies Barker & Ingram and when his anri was "tt'pisied behind his back." The analysi

indicates that ftre level of force necessary to produce such fracturos are consistent with

reported in the literature as associated with motor vehicle coliisions[4,20], high-intensity

wrestling[26], and fractures ]o,owa to oocur during. high-velocify thm*'ing motions[3I

Moreover, it is my opinion, to a reasonable degree of engineering a:id biomechanical certainry

that the facts of the case rule orf fhe version of the events provided by fhe Depu"ties,

that tbe &acture occr:rred in \4r. Sullivan's ceil 5D23 on tbe fifft floor as deputies were tu'ying

handcuff lr4r. Sullivan. The firndamental bases for tbese opinions include: I) Tbe spi

con-figuration and twist direction of the hrin:erai fracture itsell including fu mild anguJation

. E)PERT WTTNTESS REPOR.T

WT-SON C. *TOBrI'TIAYES, PII.D. - 6

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Case 3:l-7-cr-00306-JGZ Document l-i-l- Filea OZ|LT lLS Paae 7 of 44

displacement; 2) Peer-reviewed Li'rarature on the torsional sreng'rh of ',Ie humerus; 3) Mt

Sullivan's height arid weight (and thus .an'rtrropometry); 4) incident R-eports that indicate

details of '[re escort proccss by which h4r. Su]livan was raasferred from ttre fiffh to the

floor;5) Myreviewand interpretation of -rhe radiographs'raka on June 28,7A77; and Q M

calculations, using the fi-rnda.:nental laws of engineering physics, that the tia,isting foices appli

to Mr. Sullivaa's forearm were bo'uh zubstaniial and vioient applied ia a manner that would

expected to cause ioj*y, well withia the capabilities of males similar to Depitries Barker

Ing'am L1,5,257, aad weii above the raporled torsioaal Sactue steagfh ef 'frs furrmerus.

facts md Enalysgs thus bo'r}r oomport q'ith and rule in 'tre assertions on lnjury caustion provi

by }"fr. Sul-livan and rule ofi the version of events described by the involvad Dryuties.

Blsrs Alw R-resoNs FoR Exprar OrnuoNs

1Q The reasons and bases for my expert opinions ia flris case are based on my background,

baining and experience in the biomochanics of injury reoonstruction and eausation, ryecificall

as it applies to fhe forces and loading mechanims necessary to eause fractures to bone.

1? h any event involving injuries, such as the humeral fractr:re swtained by Cynis Sulliv

in which the facts are in dispute, the participant and eyewituess testimony are in conflic! and

dispositive contemporaneo',s- reoordilg (e.g. video surveillance) is available, tle injr:ri

fhemselves can be used to reconshrct the mec,ha:risn of injr:ry, help resolve facfiral diryutes

oonfliots in testimony, and thereby assist the t'ier of fact in the detemlination of reryonsibility

Thb scientific fiald for interprethg such injury-producing events is czlled. inju.y

13,7,13,17 2229-30); tre process by which iqjuy biomachaaics is applied to particular events i

called tnjwy reconstvction. For an tnjuy reconsh'r:ction to be considered scientifically reliable

E)G'RTYVTN.IESS REFORT

MLSON C, *TOBY" I{AYES, PH.D, .7

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Case ,?:17-cr-00-q06-JGZ Document 1l-l- Filed 08i17/LE Page B of 44

it must comport with fhe fimdainental laws of engi::eerirrg and physics (including ttrose iI

appiy to the human body), it must produce f,e injuries 'rhai were actually sustained (and n

rnjuries thal did not occur), and it must comport with the facts of the case (includirg, to

extent possible, eyewihess e$imony). If flre reconstruciion meets these criteria, it ca:r then

used io work back from the injuries, through the reconstuuciiorr, io what iniriaied the event

ihus belp deier-mine who was al faulL Snch mefhods are rouli::ely used bot} in and outside

coo'axt of litigafion ard crimi:raI proceedings to address injuries from motor vehicle collisions

falls, work-related activities, assault aad abuse, and maay odrer events.

1 8) inciividual injury causatioa addresses whether a certail event produced a particular

injuty, Approaches to detennining specific causation for the evalrrztion of medical

have been developed by organizations such as the National Institute for Occupalional Safeff

Health (I'trIOSFI), the American Medical Association (A-l\4A), the Federal Judicial Ceuter

otbers 13,7,77,227 wing tlie following steps. First a medical dia-griosis of iljury must

established. Second, there must be a consistent temporal relationship between the exponre

die rnjury or medical condition The third step is to compare the general Iorowledge to

specific chcurnslances of the event in question, with the focus on oomparing the specific ie

of exposure (as determined by a teconst'uction based on'engineering principles and the laws

pbysics) to those reguired to cause bodily damage. In ofher words, for a certain even! itmust

determinad whether the event pmdr-rced sufficient loading to cause fhe iajuy (i.e. a

reliable biomechaaical mechanism). The final step is to considar modifying facbrs

altemative causes of the inirxy or oondition.

19) h keeping with the above, and il particuJar, fre causation critprion that there be an

E)aPffi.T&TD\ESS R-PORT

WILSON C. *TOBY- ITA:ES, PTLD, - 8

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Case 3:17-cr-00306-JGZ Documeni 111- Filed 08/1711-8 Paoe g of 44

iojury diagnosis, '&ere is no dispr.fie as 'r-o whether lt{r. Suilivan sustained a closed, di

fractura of 'rhe distal 'rhird of ihB Ieft humerus associatad with the even'r-s of June 28, Z0I7 . Di

examination of 'rhe radiographs themselves (06.2,8.17 and 08.03.17) furrher indicates thai I\&

Suliivan's specific fracture is spiral in conf;guratio4 a patir-ern well kaown to occur in britrl

materiais zuch as challg as well as in the shaflrs of long bones (which are composed of corti

bone tissue, which is also a briitle material), Such fractures are Imown lo be caused by twistin

(also lrrown e,s torsion) of iong, approximately c5'lindrical st'uctr:res such as bones. The spi

conf;gr:ration of zuch fracfures was described by Yamada(1970) as,"TTle rtqttwe sists as

spiral wowtd the shfi snd teTmind$ a,s a straight lirrc between the enCs of the spiral." i33]

This ib exzctly the cor:figr:rafion demonsEzted in lvft. Sullivan's radiographs, taken on

eysning of June 28,2077. Yamada fi:rfter noted fhat there was a difference in the direction

tbe spiral, depending on whether the twist was in a clockwibe or a counterclockwise

and thal as with }t4r. Sullivan, the center of the broken parl was roughJy one-third of the Ien

of the shafi, from ifs lower end, for the human hrrmerES. These fndings were confrmC

Klenerman (L969) 121]. I have reflected this understanding of the biomechanical

and fractr:re patterns associated with torsional fractures of hr:rnaa bone in numerous

12,,&-12,L4,75,18,19]. This long-standing rnders-randing of tbe biomechanical mechanisms

torsional frachres thus aLlows, by direct exa.r:rination of hfr. Sullivan's x-rays, takea on Ju:ie 28

ZO77 , thrthis frachne was produced by twisting of his left hi:merus about the long axis of i

bone, in a dire.ctioa consistent with intaraal rotation of the humerus. IatEmal rotatiou is

demonsto'ated aaafomically with the left anq bent 90o at the elbow, with the fingers poi

forward, and the fore,arni rotated i::ward toward the beliy buron, h I4J. Suliivan's case, this i

equivaleat to drE ieft arm, agdh being bent aJ the elbow and placed behind the back such that

E}CRTVTN.IESS RPORT

WJLSON C. "TOBY" I{Al'ES, PH"D. . 9

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Case 3:17-cr-00306-iGZ Documeni lf i Filed DE|TTlLB paoe i-0 of 44

forearur is rotated clockwise Qooking down from above ihe left shouldei) and away from

back Thr:s, fhe fac'* of fhe case not oniy satisfy fle causation criterion that a mecljcal diagnos

be established., br-rt also inciicate tlrat fie frachre must have occurred as just described,.

20) The second ciiterioo to establish *jrry causation is that'rlere must be a consis-rent

lemporal ralationship betw'een -ihe events in question (i,e. -rhe incidents at MCDC) and 'rJre inj

or meciica-I condition (i.e. lhe fractl:re rhat Mu, Suilivan sustaiaod). This criterion is clearly i

disprfre, wifh Depr:ries Barker and Ingram apparen'rJy ailegiDg ttrai it occurred while \4r. Sultiv

was stancling and beiag handcr-trfad in. his fifrh floor cell ard ivk. Sullivan asserting ftat it j

occurred wh:le be was pimed io the matto-ess on fie floor of the foruth floor cell i,.r tbe detenti

cenier. Here, the configuration of the frachre fragments in the rad.iographs, t:ken shortly

'tre fraotures werc sustained, are agaia telling. Gven tbe various descriptions in the Ilci

Reports provided by the ofEcers involve4 there was a considerable st'uggle as lr{r. Sullivar

escorted from tbe fifth floor cell to the fourth floor detention center. \{r. Su-llivan.was variow

described as "go[ffi passive", "resisting by siumping . dowD", "resistilg i:riouslt'', wi

Deputies Barker aad Ingram perfonning'r-he escorL Such a "furioir.s sfu-uggle", which n:ore lil<ei

than not invoived the applicatioa of forces to restrain and Iift h4r. Suliivan's "dead weighf,, i

biomecha-nicaliy and. anatomicaliy inconsisteut with what is characterized in ttre medica-l

as a "miruimsl antrior opex angulztion," "Alignrnent [s normaP', and an impression of ,,MiI

displaced hsneral diqlzyseal fractl.tre." @adiology Repor! 6128/17). While I would leave it

other experts to comment on whsther or not Mr. Sulljvan coul{ in tbe presence of a

humerus, mount zuch a violelt st'uggie over fhe coirrse of his ransfq'from one floor to another

his zubsequent passivity just after he repofied that"I think my arm is brohc " aad h.is "inability

rise" certaidy belies ttre assertion fhat his fractrc was sustained in his fifL floor cell.

E)fRT WU}.ESS R-PORT

lliLSO}J C. *TOB'\'' HAY:BS, PILD. - 1O

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Case 3:17-cr-00305-iGz Dccunr=nr 1 i 1 Filed D3li7li3 Paa= LL oi t4

21) The -rl:'rd criterion in a scientificaily reiiable rqiury causation opfuion is C detel-mine

wheflsr fie event in question (or, il 'r-his case, which of 'rha iwo events in quesiion)

both an appropriate machanism and sufficient loading io cause ihe rojury sustairreci (i.e.

scieniifically relia'ule biomechanical mechanism). The simples! anci most intritively obvi

approach io predicting injuty risk, makas use of "ihe rado between -ihe loads imposed on

anaiomia gnuch:re [n ihis case, ]4r. SulLivan's Ieft hurnerus) and'rbe ]oad-car:rying capacif o

ihat stri.rciure (ca-I1eii fhe tolerazzce lirnit or irzjzny ikreshalfl. Ths approach "o

iljury

pradiciion can be fonnalized by defiailg a fac'Lor of rish @, as the ratio of fhe appliad

(defued as the twi,sting eflr"ect of a force and equal io iorce x dis'rance) divided by 'rhe

necessary to cause a spiral humeral fracture. liayes et al. 116l used 'riris approach in describj

-rirose factors that are important to age-related fractures of the hip. For a factor of risk exceedin

1, injury to tl:e anatomic region is more iikeiy than nol For a factor of risk weli uader 1,

is considered ur:Ii1cely. For a skeletul struch:re such as the bumenx, determindions of the

of risk require infonnation both on the torques to which the humerus is subjecied during loadin

and on the forbes necessaiy to cause torsionai fracture of the hurnerus. The factor of risk is

powerfili and widely used approach to injury risk prediction that has been used aad

repeatediy by researchers in academia, indush'y and governmental agencies, anci is accepted

ralied upon by experts in the fieIfu of ergonomics and :qiuy biomechad cs 16 23,24,27).

22) To implement the factor of risk il an injury causation opiaion, data are required on the

tr'eagth of the humerus under fhe l6ading conditions known by inspection of thd radiographs

have caused the injury, in hrft. Sullivao's case, torsion- Research studies providing d*ra sp

torsional st-engtr. of the hr:ma.:: humenrs bave appeared in the peer-reviewed lieratr:re since

Ieast the late i960's, Yamada reported tle torsional fracure moment for hydraed aduit I

DGRTWTN{ESS REFORT

WN-SON C. *TOBY'IIAYES, PII-D. - ]1

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bones as 526 in-lb, with an uitrmale angle of t*'isf of aboirt 6o [33], Kjeneiman (1969)

fhe average 'orque at failure for fou-rteen humeri broken in torsion as 488 in-lb (range

in-Ib[21]. Schopfer et al. (i ?94) reported in seventeen intact.human cadaveric hu:reri,

fracture zt an averzge torque of 470 in-lb (range 185-885 in-lb), with an average angular

at faiiure ai26,5'(raage 77,7'-38.4')1321. These values a'e in close agreementwith the earl

data from Klenerman [21], Lin ei aJ, (1?98) reported fracturetorgues of 404i134

Deviafion, SD) in-lb, wi'rh a failure angle of 23.7" * 45". Sbo'[:man et al. (2000) provided

on eigbteea fresh ft'ozen cadaver hr:meri af 467 + i 81 (SD) in-ib.

23) The data on -orsional t'rengtl are used in fbe denomina.iuor of the factor of risk To:

deterrnine 'rhe torque actually applied in'rbe incident involving h4-r, Sullivaq we must loow

Iength of the lever arrn &at can be used to apply a torque about the long axis of tbe hr:men:s.

auother way, with the eibow bent at 90o aod the forearm placed behind the baclg the dista.n

from the center of the elbow to the center of "Lre

wist, represents the maximum length of

lever arm when the wrist is graspad and used to twist the humerus. Differing torques would,

course, be applied if the foream is grasped cioser to the elbow, with ttre most effici

appiication of force beiag at the wri$ and fie least efficient as the forearm is grasped closer

the elbo*. Based on aattrropomet'y (defiaed as the science of hiunan size and shape) and'on

height of 5'11.5", L4r. Suliivan's forearm length is approximalzly 10.4 inches. Gxhbit

(eatlmCafc, 200I). Thus, for every pound of force applied at the wrist so as to fwist

hurnerus, 10.4 in-Ib of torque is applied to the hr:men:s. Thus, to fizch:re the hrmerus in

a force of between 40 and 50 pornds must be appiied to the wrist md used to puil the forezrm

ald away from the back- Theso yalues are obvior:sly weil wifti! the single-har:ded li

capabilities for male subjects. Suoh forces are, of course, minimum and oonservative values

D'PRIWTTNESS REPORT

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they are based on 'refiag of cadaver bones, usually from m:ddle-aged and elderly subjects. T

fraciure ibe left hr:rner,rs of a 34-yeu ol4 80tr perceniile male such as Mu. Sullivan. the appli

forces were likeiy substantially higher Out still weli wi'r}:ia 'rhe physical capabilities of

Depiriies involvad.) As sucb, these findings demonstu-ate fiat fie requirement for a scientifrcali

reliable biomechanical mech,adsm is clearly mel

24)1ke fouf.h and final step 'ro be addressad il a scieniifically reUable injury causation

opinion is to consicier modifying factors and alten:ative causes of tbe injury, in this case

nractr:re to lvfu. Sullivan's left hr:merus. Here, ia the case ai ha::d, the two aFrernaiive

mechanisms are the fundamentai questions fhat I have br-n asked to addressed, i.e. did ih

fracture occur as apparenfly being asserted by the Depr.rties while they were attempting

handcufflt{r. Suilivan in his fifth floor cell before t'ansporting him to the detention center,.or,

asserted by Ir&. Sullivan, did the fracfire oe,cur afierbeing escorted whiie he was pinried to

mafi:-ess bn the floor of a ce1I on the fourth floor detention center? As part of my anaiysis of

second criterion" i.e. objective evidence of injury, I have already noted that fhe aligned

and modest displacement of the fracture fragments do not comport with the 'fierce sft-uggle"

forcefi.rl nature of the escort process as desuibed by the Depr.rties. Given the lack of

oonnection between fhe frachue fragments and the testimony that it was Decessary to support 1r4r

Suiiivan as he went li-p (a process fhat almost cerfainly would have involvd X least i

substaatial part, the upper eft'emities, it would be highly rmlikeiy for a ttrrough and

fractr:re of the humeras to mahtain its alirument and mild displaoemenl Ia fac! the use o

spi.inB and air casfs for t'auna victims with serious fractres is for fhe very prrpose

o]iminating or ai least reduciag ttre relaiive motion and aaguJation of such fractr.u'es. I have

aoted, aiflprrcrh will defer to ofter experE on fhis issue, &at ]i4r. Suilivan would likely be unabl

E)GRT WTTJ.ESS B-MORT

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to fnuggle fiercely, simply because of pain, with this serious fracture. I have aiieariy noied

\4r. Sullivan did not repori thzt"l think nry arm is brole" wful afier 'rhe svents on the maihess

ihe four-uh floor detention ceir'rer. Finally, D"puty Barker's Incideni Report (lncident

A7.15.17, MCSO) also iomporrs with a fracture mechrnism il:at occurred on the mattress of

four'rtr floor ceii and not ia'rl:e fiifi floor ceil. DrputyEarker's descripiion of the fouf,-h

incidEnt is that he had "rernbyed t|,e fight hmldc?ff nld. iotd B[r. SutiitanJ io place his ri

hann ander [hXJ bel|y." According to fhe Deputy, "Inmdte Suilivon wouJd not comply w

simpie directions," aad "he had to be helped with ihis iask by roiling him to tlte krt a

inches. " For Depitry Barker to use the Ieft hand and wrisf of h4r. Sullivan to roll him to his

would require fhal the Ieft wrist and forearm be lifted up and away from its posiiion at the

of h4r. Sullivan's back This is precisely the meohanisrn of torque application neoessary

produce the spiral fractr:re of the left humerus that tr/ft. Suliivan sustained- Moreover,

describing the events oa the ftfth floor, Deputy Barker indicated that he was atrempting to

ffi. SuJlivan's] left arm behiad his baclq and that lvfr. Sutlivan "kept piling up cnd away

[him| " and that this is when he ttrought he heard L "pop." Such pulling actioru would not ap

torque to the humen:s of sufficient maenitude and appropriate orientation to cause LiIr. Sullival'

fracare. Thus, on the basis of the dirylacement and aiigument of the fractr:re fragmen8,

consistert descriptions among all parties fhat I4r. Sullivaa's complaints drat his arm had

fractlred occurred on the for:rth floor, and the fact that l-ncident Report descriptions of

application of torque would produoe a fracture on fhe mafuess, rather than ip fie ffi floor ce

fte facts and my ,nalysis of the ease lead me to conchcde that the fracture occi:rred as Mrr

Sullivaa described,

E}PERTWTN"ESS R-POR.T

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vudu I'tt *ul VU$IJV-VUL L/lJk*lll*itl" "r--LJ t {tt,l.,t Wl/tAt te* r UL,I\/ iV Vi Y"a

Referencos

tl j S*di ?11, Bo**hasla AA. Effect of arie-harded pushing ar:d p*lling sfr+ngtlr at dilfersnt har:die heights i:t

veitics: direction. World Academy of Science, E*ginecring ard Technolog 2S08; 47 *25-*

p: Br:uxsein lvil, h4ycrs SR, l'layee Wf;. Biornec&anics of ag+*relafed Sactures. In: Marcus R, Feldma* D,

Kelssy J. Ssfeaporosib. Saa Diego" CA: Acaden:ic Prcss 1*96

i3l Cacchiarella L, L*rd SJ. Appe*dix A: Judgfrg c*usation. Ix: Cocchiaiella L, L*rd SJ, Master t le AMA

Cui&s Fifth: A Medical and Legal ?r*nsilion ro *e Guides to the Evaluatiorr of Permari*nl Impai*$eflt,

Fifth Editisn. AMA Press 2001

i4l Ekhslnr R, Ada$i J, Tidermark.J, ct al. Fractures sf Se shaft of thehumerus. Aa cpiderniological study af

4*1 *actures, J Bone loint Sirrg Br ?*06; 88 1469:73

i5l Garg A, Beiler D. One-ha*ded dy:ramic pulling srenglh witlr speciai r*ference tc specd, haudle height and

angles of p*11!::g. lnt J Ind Eag l9*S; 623140

t6-j Genaidy Ah4 lVaty SM, Khalil TM* Hidalgo J. Spinal co*ipression tolsrance }imits for the design of

m*r*al maleri*I haadli*g cporati*xs in rhe warkplace. Ergon 1993; 36 41.5"34

EXPERTV/TTNESS REPOR?

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*1 Gr:zelia* FS, Yictar*ffM$* Flalr::es'l{C, et *}. fivid+*rs*-based t+xic*}+gy: A c*mprek+rr*ive frsr:tera'+rk

for causalioa. H u*t llxp ?*lti*a} 2t)05; 24 1 S I -2S 1

ISI llaye* \SC. Chapter 15: Bone bi+ri:echani*s: Frorn tissu* mech**i*at pr*p*rti** l* aft as$essms*t *f

*truc*saE beh*vi*r. I*l W** $LY. Fmrgiere i:r tsi*mecha;iics. ?'l*w Y*rh NY: Sprixrg*-Yerlag igSS

t9] l{ayes WC. Chaptcr l*; Brx.* bi+:eechanies - }rlal*rial }:r:p$rtiss, It:l La::e JM. Fra+ture Fleali*g.

}r*cecdings +ftl:* Brist*i*Myer#Zirrnr*r Fr*+fi:r+ $ymposi*rx, Nrw York, NY-: Ch*:ehill Livingsta*f,

]*^ tG*1

il$] i{ay+* WC. Ch*pier 3: Bicrneche#cs sf csrrical arr<} trabcc*lar bcrrer lxiplicalians for assess*i*nt of

*'a*tur* risk. I*: Mow VC, l{*yes WC. Easic Sxh*paedic Biome*har:ics. N*w York, NY: &*vrn }?r*ss,

trd. I99:

It I j Hayes WC, B*uxseix ML. *I*pt*r 3t Bio:r*cll*ai+s af ccrticat and frab*p*lar b+xt: Inrplieaiia'xs f+r

sssessfileilt pf fr**trire risk. irir Morv YC, H*y*s WC. S*sir Oxftapaedi+ Si*r**eka*i*s, ?nd p*.

Philadelphia, FA: Raveft tubtisiiers 19*?

t:?: Hayes WC, Cm:tcr ER, Clr*pter 13; Bio:*eal}a*ics ofbo*e. I*: H*pp*nst*E EB. Sksl+t*l &*.searck Art

Expntrnantai Approacfu, New Y*rk; HY: Acads:nie prcs 1979

EXPERT WI:rNESS IT.$F*R?

WiLSSi''l C. *TOBY'HAYBS, PH. , - ??

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*,(4,r\/ UrJl "tr'\/VLJ!/U'd\JL ,r..r\,\.+a lll.a{l &"LA t rlUta UUr"l ,rau I {lr+r? r{J Lli Y1

f:3: Eayes WC, Erickssr MS, PowerSD. Fore*sic injury bicmechanics. In: YannusL ML, Ditler KR" Tonsr

M. At:ntl*l &eview of Bi*medicalsngineoring. Palo Aifu, CA: Annusi Rpviews 2#S7

[4] Hayes WC, G+rhar TN. Chapter 9: Biomechanics cf b*:e: Applications for assessmenl of bone strength.

H:r: Peck !\rA, Bone a:rd Mineral K*search, An*ual IIl. Amsterdam; iliseviEr Scierrce Publishers 1985

tI5l Hayes 1VC, Myers ER, Chapter 4: Biamechanics of fiacfi:r*l In: Riggs BL, Meiton L3" Ssteoporcsis:

Stiology, Diagnosis *r:d Managrme*t. ?nd ed. Fhiladelp?ria: PA 1995

tl6l Hayes WC, Myers ER, tobinoviirb SN, et al. Etiology and preventicn of age+elaied hip fiaceures. 3one

tf96; l8 775-86S

$eni{in MS, Kipen HM, Poulter SR, Rcference gaide ori medical tsstirnony. Rc&rence Manual an

$sienti*o Evide*++. Wasi:ingfoq DC, Feder*l Judicial C*:rter; 20$S

tlTl

tl Sl Hipp JA, Hay*s WC. Chaptu 4: Biomechaaics of fractur*s. ln: Brswiler BD. Leviae AM, Jupiter JB.

Skeletal Trau:na. 2nd ed. New Y+rtq NY: W.B. Saurders 1997

f 191 Keaveny TM, llayes WC. Ch*pte I0; MecLa*icalprope*ies of cortical and trabecular bo::e. In: Hall BiL

B*ne Yoh*nre VII: Bone Growth. Boca Raicer: CRC Press IS92

.EXPERTWTTNESS RIPOR?

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l2+] Kii:t 3i{, $z*bo RJr{, Marder IL{. Hyid+n':ir:logr *f h*r:::enrs B*+tums ifi the #*ixd $tslee: *eti*nwide

efiisrgepsy *epartffisili sarnpl*, ?*S8. Atthritis f.are Rtls {H*b*ker: } 2*27:, *4 4*7 '14

?L3 Kle**:rr,*n L, Experimenral **ct*res *f th* adlit h*m*rus. Med Bial Bng j9$f; 7 357-#4

t221 K*sn*tz 5, Hutchiso* MK. A guide t* lile w*rk*'elated*ess +f disease. F*blicafia* Nc. ?9*] i6 td.

Washington, D.C.: Nati+nal Institute of Safety and Health {NiOSH} i9?9

t?3] Ma1r.as WS. Ch*pt+r l*l *reupationai bi*mecha*irs, In: Karlrswski W. Manas W$. ?i:e *t;*ipeti**ai

Hry*n*n:i*s l{andb++k. Bace Rat+*, FL: CRC **ss 1999

l?4: Mc$lll SM, ?he bionte*h*nies *f irw back iqiuryl lmpli*ati+*g ar* canent practice in ir*r:stry snd thr

+linie. j Bi*merh I9?7; 3* 465-?5

i25l Mit*l A, Kepardekar P, Mat*rwala A. Isokinetis pull xtrengtirs in i!:e verti+al p}*xe: sffrcts ofspaed a*d

**r ar:gle* Clin 3i+xr*ch {Brist*l " &vor* } t 995; i * } IS-2

l?6] *gewa & Ui M. H*meral s,h*S fr**t$rc sustai*ed duri*g arn'r wrcstiirgi reporl ** 3G cases a*d review of

the litsatuve. J Tra*n:a 1S?7; 42 ?434

t??] Pag* SS, M+Mah** PB. A.n crgc*ornic ixv*stigati+* *f hsr.':d swit*h tperali*n. It*?i5 *d. W**hixgtort,

I)* Ass*ciat**n af Asisrica:r B*ilr*ads Sa&ry Research Sivisitill 19**

EXPEI{? !'rl?NE$S RAP+ff

WILSSN C. "?08Y',I{A}ffiS, p}I.S. - }9

vu q\,J, *ti*.v t uv

st2r/20t8I L Hay*s, W.C., Srr5der, 8., Ruf{ C.3. Itarnasrvamy, S., ard White, A.A.: Scme mechanics oibone srcfui{ectur€. ln:

Ssteapolosis; Recent edvarrees in pathrgenesis and treatxent (edr., H.F, *+Luc*, ;-1.M. Frost, S,S. Jee, C.C.

J*h*son, Jr., and A,M. P*r8a), pp. ) 6l-173, 198S,

12. Cart*r, D.R. and ilayes, W"C.: Material/Mechaliical proprrties af bone. Basic $cience Reso*rces itl Syllabus farA.4,0.S, Co:'rtinuirrg Education Co*rse, pp. 3 I -50, i 98 L

13, llayes; W.C. and Swenson, L.W,: Firrite e}*meat stress ana$sis of the hriman knee. in: Ortbopaedic Mechauics:

Procedures a*d Devices {ed., D.N. Ghista}. Academic }ress, L**dorr,pp.29-78,1981.

14, llayes, W,C. and Snyder, 3.: Toward a quafititativs farrnulation of Wolffs Law in trabrxular bone. Proc. ASlviESynrposiu:n c* the Mech*nical Properies of Bo*e, Eoulder, Calor*do,43-68, i18i.

I5. Whtio, A.A., Edwards, W.?., Llberman, D., Haycs, W.C. and Lewinn*ko G,E,: Iliomechanics <if }umbar spir* and

sacroiliac arti.c*lation: Rekva*ce ta idiopat*ic Isw b*ck pain, lnl Symposium on ldiopatliic Low Back P*in,

{sds., A.*. White and S.L. Gordon). C.V. Mos$,pp.296-3?2,1982.

i6, Hayes, W.C, Snyder, 8., levine, 3.M. and Ramasrvamy, S": Saess*nroqpholcgy rela{i*nships ir $abec*lar bone

rf the patella. In: Iir:ite Elemeilts in Bior*echanics, (ed. B.R* Siman), pp.723458,1*82"

?7. White, A.A., Panjabi, Mr.M., Pomer, I., Edwards, W.T., and l"layes, W.C.: Spinai stability: Ev*luation and

treatffent. tn: lnstructicr:al Course Lectures {ed., D.G. Murray). C.Y. Masby, Sr L+*is, pp.457-483,19&?.

18, ilubsrt*, it.H. and l{ayes. W.C.: Deten::ri:ration of pate}ia-fernoral csntact pressures. ln: AAOS Symposium on

Sports h4edicir:e: ?he l(nee {ed., C. Fin*rm*n), C.Y. Mosby, *1. Louis, pp. 45-53, 1}82.

19. l{ayes, W.C.a:rd {ierhart, T.N.; Bi*rn*chanics i:f bans: Appiicaticns for assessment of borre sh"en$t}. lnr F}on* and

Mir:eral Research, Annual III (ed., W.A. Peck). Elsevier Science Publishers, Arnsierdam, pp.759-294,1985,

20. fiayes, $/.C. *nd Jedrcy, D.P.: Rese?rsh m*nagement ir: bioarechanics. Ix Froccedings of *e Fourth Mecting oftle European Society of Biomechanics {eds., S.M. Penen and E. Schneider}. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,

Dordrecht, The Nethorlands pp. 3-14t 1985,

21. I{ayes, W,C.: Bane Mechanics; From tissue rnechanical prope$ies to 6n assesst*eni of structural behavior. In:FrartiErs i* Siomechanics {ed., S.L.Y. Wco). $pringer*V*rlag, New Yark, pp. 196-209, 1986,

22. Hayes, W.C., Esses, $.1. ard Goldberg, R.P.l Frarture risk +f tha pr*xirnal fb*:ur by quantitativc c*rnputedtom*gmphy. Lnl ?wplfth An:rual Applied Basic Scie*ces Courst (eds., I{.K, Uhlhoff and Z.F.G. Jawwski).Universify af Ottawa, Canada, 1986,

23. Hayes, W.C.: Basic biomechanics of the *keleton ln: Twelffh Annual Applied Basic Seie*ces Course {eds., I{J(Uhtho{f and Z.?.G. Jaworski). University af Ottawa, C*n*da, pp. 3*18, 1986.

24. Hayes" -W.C.

ard Rufl C.B.: Bio:nechanical cornpsnsatory meclranisms for age-related changes iil cortica! bone,In: 'Iwel{th Annual Applied Basic Sciences Course (sds., H.K. uhthoff and Z.F.C" Jaworski). University ofOt1awa, Canedan pp" 371-377, 1986.

?5, Ilayes" W"C., at al"r $ymposiurn: Fraclare healhg. In: Contemparary Orthopaedics l2(4): 69-l 12, 1986.

26, Cheal, 3.J., *nd Hayes, W.C;: Fi:rite elet:tcnl*nalysi* of,prost?retic ACL attachmenl P*r.erHospital PmductsCroup. Aug*st6, i986.

77, Hryes, W.C.: Bone rncchaaics - Mareria! props,rties. ln: Fracturs Healing. Proceedi:tgs of theBristol-MyerslZimmsr Fyacture Sympasium (ed., ;.M. Lane). Churchill Livinptone, Inc., New Yor( pp.

9?-1s4,198?.

28. Hayes, W.C., Nachenrso:r, AL., and Whitq A.A.: Forces in the lumbar spine. In: The Lu*?bar Spine (eds,, M.B.Camins and P-F. O'Leary). R*v*n Press, Npw Yark ry. l-21, I98?.

25. tohlmann, A., Chsai, E.J., and FI*yes" W.C.: Iafluence of p*rous c$flting, thickness axd clastic modalus on sfessdistrib*tion in hip prostheses, In: Biomech**ics: Basic alid Appiied Research (eds., G. Beryrnaan, R. Kolbel.and A. fi.ohlxann). NijhoffPublishers, Fcrlrecht, Nelherimds, pF" 34"1-35?,19*7

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l28j Pierce MC, Berrocci GE, Berger R; Yogcley E, Injury biomechsniss fcr *iding k *rc diaEr*si* of abusiye

head fituma. Nearosarg CIin N Ara ?002; i3 1$5-68

?91 Fiarce MC, Bsrtscci GE Janosiqy JS, et al. Fenur fracfrr*s res*lting fro$l stai!:falls among childrsr: ,{n

injury ptausibiliry *odel. Pediatrics 2005; 115 l?12-27

I30] Robertsct CII Moalli IF, Black DL. RefErEnce guide on er:gineering. Refereac* Manual an Scientilir

Xvide*cs.3rd s*. Washington, DC: ?he NatiofialA$ademier 201I

i3Il Ssbict{ folB, Torry M& Kim YK, *awkins RJ" l{umarai torque ir: pmfessiaoal basebdl pitchrrs. Arn J

Sports Med 2004;32 892-8

t32: Schopfer A, Hcanr TC, Malisuro L, et al. Comp*rison of torsio*al str*ngth cf humeral intrarred*Uaty

naili*g: a cad*vsric study. J O*hap Tlau*a 1994.;8 414-21

[33] Yamada il. Chaptsr 3: Mcchanicel props,rti*s of i+comntor srga$ ard tiss*es, hr: Yamada H $tength of

Bialogic*l Materi*ls. Baltinrcre; MD: Williams & Wilkins Cornp*ny 19?0

SXPE&TWITNESS RTPORT

}t'lLSON C. "TOBY" HAYES, PH}. - ?O

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Edueation3.$., Mccha*ica} Engineerixg; Staafcrd U:'iivsrsity l9S4M.S., Mecianicel E:rgineeri*g, Stanford U*ivexity 1966Ph.D., The*rclicel ar:d Applicd Mechnnics, Narlhwrsteru University l97C

P*stdeetorai Tr*iningRssearch Fellow, Labcratory for Experime*tal $urgay, Davos, Switzerlarld (Cniet 1969-1970

S. Pereq M.B;)NIII Speci*l &mearch Feilaw,Ilepartrr:*nt cf Grthopaedic Surgery, Kamlinek* I97S.t97iInstitute, Stoc**ralm, Swcdsn {Chiet C, Hirsch, M.D.)

F*cxlty Appoinimentsinsfuctor, Departrne*t of Srthopa*dic Surgery, Nortlrwestern UuiversigAssist*nt Fr+fcssor, Depafiment of M*chaxical Engi::eering a*d (5y courtesy) 1967-1969

Departrnent of Surgcry (Orthapaedics), Stanford UnivrrsityAs*oci*te Frofessor, I)$parlrftsnt sf Grthopaedic Surgery Univenity of 1971-191$

PennsylvaniaAssociate Pr*fessor, Deparimeni of Oxhopaedi* Surgery, Harvard Medical S+hool, I9?6-19?9

Beth lsrsel ll*spitalAssoci*tePrcfessorcfo(hopaedic$urgery,Harvard-MlTDivisionofl{ealtir I9?r-:985

Soi*rrces a*d Techr:olcgr, Massa*husetls Instituie of TechnolagyProfessor of Biomechanicg Dcpartment of Orlhopaedic Surgery, Haryard Medical 1979-i985

School, Beth lsrdel H+spitalFrsfess*r ofBis:*echanics, Harvard'MlT Division of Health Sciences and iPSS-1,98

'l'ec-hnology, Massachusetts Instifute of Tech:nolagyMaurice Edmond Muetler Professor cf Biomechanics, I{*rvsrd Medical School I 985- I 998

Hespi*l and Administrative AppointmsntsYice Provost far R*searcl! Oregon State Univenity lggS-2001Profesor ofNutrition and Exerci$e $cience, Oregon Stalr Univorslty 1998-2001Adjunct Pralbssar of MechanicalEngineering Oregeu State U*iversity I998+0lSProfe*s*r of Ort$op*edics Bnd Rehati:itation ffid Yicc Chair for Research, Orcgcn 1998-2004

ilettth Sciences UniversigrEmeritus Professor af Nulrition and Exsrsise Scisnc€s $.{ES), Collage o{Hsa}th ai}d 2*0?-

It*man Sci*nces, Oregan Stale University

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5nln*}8Ilospitat antl Administrative AppoiutmeritsChief Biome*hanics Unit, F*partment af Orthopaedic Surgery, University af

Pennsylvania'Director,

Orthopaedic Sicmec}auics Labora{ory, Dept of Orttropaedic Swgery;Beth Israel Hospitai

Me*;bcr, Adrnissions Cornmit{*e, l{arvard-MlT Division of }leairh Scisnces *r:}dTechnology

Member, Commi{tee of Prcfessors, Harvard Medic*l SchoolMember, Prcmctions and Appoiumcnts Comnridee, !{a:vard-MiT Division of

lisahh S*ie*ce$ and ?**furologrM*mber, Standing Commit*e a* Pr+m*ti+*s, Reappcin*nents, a*d Appoirir*rentq,

Fiarvard Faculty cf MedicineMember, Orthapaedic lx*cutivc Commitlee, Harvard Combin ed Orthopaedic

Program, *arvard hdedi*al Schoolivlembar, Co*fersxce of *eparlnr*rt FSaads, Harvard Medical SchcolMemfocr, Sr:bc*mr*ittee of Profess**, Harvard Medical Schsal Faculty of MedieineAssociaie Chief, Departme*t sf Ortiopedic Surgery, Seth Israel i{ospitalVice Ctair?:an Researctr, llepartment af Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel tlospilal

Hcx+rs *ud AwnrdsIndr:sirial Desig: Society Saident Merir AwarC

Engineering R*search Initiation Awa:d National Sci+*ce ?oundaticnResearch Career ilevel$pl]:ent Award, lt{ational Instifutes of Hea}tl?

Kappa Delta Ar+ard, American Ac*r!*my *f Ortlopaedic Surgeau's Award fcrOrtbop*edic Research

Americsn Acadexily of Orthopadic Sports Medicine Research AwardRssearch Career Award, $chr+,eizsrische Arbeitsge**inschat &rr

OsteosynihesefragenFounding Fellorv, Americsr lr:stitute of Medical and tsiological EngineeringAm*rican Sociery of Bianiechaaics Gi+-vanni Eorelli AwardBristrl-lvlyers SqaibblZin:m*r Inslituticaal Olanl fbr Exceller!*e i* Research ill

Orthopaedic ?reatmentPrcfiks iu Ethical Integrify Award, ?he Progra.m for Sdrics, Scisnce and the

Environmext, Dcpartme* af Phiiosophy, Oregoa S{ate Universily

Membership in Prafessisn*l SocistiesOrthopaedic Research SocietyA*erican Society sf Meciranical EngineersAm*ican Acad**y of Orthapaedic Surgeors, Asssciate MemberSociety of Aut*mstive Sngi*eersAmerican Instifute for Medlc*l and Biological EngineaixgInternationsl Society of BiomeohanicsAssaciation f*r rhe Advancement of Aulomolive Msdicinelluman Faci*rs a*d Ergon+mics Soeiety

Prsfessional ActivitiesMember, Bioexgineering and Orriropaedic Sciences ?ravel Group to *e Fecplet, Republic sfChina

Chairman, Frogmm Commitfee, Orthopa*dic Res*a:'ch SocietyOrganiziag Committee and Sane! Ir4ember, NIH Corrsensus Development

Confere*ee o*r Total l{ip Joint ReplacementMember, N:E Study Sccti*n, Orfhop*edics aod Musculoskelet*lCl-:*irperson, $pecial Ad Haa Ccmmittee, National lnstiiutes cf llcalth Stady SecticnCi"rairpersat; lajury Prevenlion Workirrg Group ofthe Surgeoa General's Warkshop

on Heal*r Pmmotion a*d Agrng Washington, DCM*mber, ?.II}i NIAMSD National Placi Task Forps, Cs-Chair MuscuioskelE{al

,976-1979

1979

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Membero Arnerican Academy of Orlhopaedic Sargeon's C*uncil on Research i99e-1993Scientific Men:ber, AG Swireeriand ,99,Mer*bm, CDC lnjury Besearcli Grc*t lteview Cff:'rmiixee Study Sectia*, A*aafa, 1993

Co-Clrairm*n, AASS W*rkshop on lall Prevenxicn ir the Eiderly, Rosemorrl" IL 1993Idembr, NII{ Sludy S*ciio-r, Crrhopedics and Musc*loskeletal l9*3-t997?*rticipant, CDC Biot*echanies Rssearch Planning Warkshop, Atlanta, SA 1994Acting Dircctor, AO/AS:ir R+scarc& lnstituie, Ilavos, Swifzerla*d 1996-1997Memb*r, Nation*l Space Bior*edic*l Resrarch i*stitute Reviewer's R*ssrye 1999-l#rmber, Scientific Arlvisory Board, I-larbervicw irrjury Prevention & Research 2}fi5-20tj6

Ce*ter, Seattlc* 1VA

Binmechanirs Researci: Review Panel, Bi*me*ha:rics Resear'*h Partfolic Review, 20SsC**fers f+r Di*ease Ccntrcl and Preve*tio*, Atl*nta, GA

Gra*ts ArvavsledNatianal Science F+l*<iation Er:gineering llesearch Initiatian Award, ,W2-1973

"Strcss*r*modelir:g reiatio*rhips in s*mpact bone" Principal Investigator]'{*tional Scieaoe Foundation Center for Materi*ls Ftesearcil Sta*ford Ur:iversity, ,972-1976

"Fr*cturp +f campact bone' Principal InvesligatorNationallnsritutes of Health, "Mechanics of nonual, arthritic and prosthetic ls'rees" 1975-1983

Pri*:cipal l*vestigatorPrcsid*nt's Fuud, Califs*:ia l*stitute of Technolory, "Mechanics of the knee joini" 1975-19'16

Princip*i Inw*tigetorO*hopaedic *esexch and Education Fomdalion, "Flow independent viscaelastic 1977-1978

propefi ies of cartilage mqFix" Pr{ncipal Invesligat+rNational Instimtes of llealth Rese$Eh Career Development Award, *'M*{erial and 1978-1983

stru*tuml properties cf ths knee" Principal kvestigatorVeterans Adr*inistration Research Grartf t'Analysis of fracture healingwith intemal 1978-1983

fi x*tion" Co-Principal lnvestigai*rMIT Whitaks l{ealth S+ience.s Fund, "Biomcehanical studies of healing after spinai I979-19S0

dislocatioa" Ca-Principal InvrstigatorLaboratory f*r Experimexfat Surgcry, "Meclanie of cornpr*ssio* plate {ixarioan i980-19BI

Prirrcipal InvestigatorZimmrr USA, "Finite elearent and experimenlal studiec of ths Miiier poltus coatcd I 98*"1 98 l

multi-radius tibial component" Co-Principal lr, vestigatorAir Fcree Office of Scieatific Research, "fracture and viscoelastic charac&ristics of , 98 1- t 983

lhe huma* cervieal spirc" Pri*cipal Inv+stigat*rilorrrnedic*,lnr., Orlhopaedics Division, *'Geometrical charasterizatio:r sf tfte IgSl-1983

proxirnal fomur" Prir:cipai Investigatorllowrnedica, Inc., Orthopaedics Divisio:r, "Effects of prcxirnai fcsroral geo:nefy on 1982-1983

fpm*r*l *mpanent slem desigrr" Principal InvesfigatarWilliam F. Milton Furd, "skehtai Aging *nd Exarcise* C+-Principal Investigator 1982-1983Nation*l Institutes of Haalth, "$irc$s morphology rcI*ti+ns f+r tr*hecular borre 198?-1983

ia-yivo" Principal InvestigatorCi*tor Orthopaedic Division, Jahnson & Johnson Producls, lnc., "seometrical ISSZ-I983

Characterizatiou of the distal femur. yrinripql iuvxligatorCintor (h{lr*p*edic Division, Johnscu & }nh*san Prod*rts, Inc., "Optimized ?oiat l9&2-i9S4

Joinl Repl*cenient Desigx" Principal Inve*igatorNational lastirutes of Fk:alth, *'Bone/{ieiatir Particu}*tr Compcsite fcr Fracturl: 1982'}984

I'ixarjon" Co-Principgl hvesfigatcrNetion*l lnstltutes cf H*a?lh, "Sioch*mistry of the l#erve*ebral Sisc' I9g?-]985

Ca-lnvestigatcr*lowmedica, hc.,0:lhopaedis Divisi+n, "Biomecharrics of tite As:tis S*rerv ysiemo I983-1984

Principal lnvestigatorN*tional Scietlcc F*r:ndationfl#unner Gren Foffidatior forAnthropological :983-1984

-3-

{/uJU At}. t -t, -\t\-t*\n\!'*vt t/uulrl;li/t1i irl I l iL, \J LrUil i r -r-u r L{vu Lr v{ 'T-a

5/2Il2{}:8Rrsearch, Inc., "Bi+mecl'ra:risa! Chara{.ierizittie* *f th* Primale Fernur and'l'ibia#:ing CT Sca*ningn C*-irrv*stig*t+r

Eiectro-81*logy,Inc., Msdical Systems $ivisi*t, "?ile Uss *f Pulsi:rg

electr*magnetic Sields ifi *re Preveaiion *f *isr$s *st+*p+rasi*" Principal

Inv*stiga'tcr'O$?sral !v{+t*rs ftesearch Labaratories, "Biarrecha*ic*l St*dies *fthe lluman

Cervicrl $piae" C*-Pri::*ipai l*vestig*tarJ*i'urs** & J*h:xon, Inc. Onhapar<tic*, "Failrr* Analysit ar:d llesig* 31*di*r frr a

P*ro*s*Certed Pa{e}lar ?ut+i Knee Compotr*flf" Prir+cipal Investigat*rI-lcrvr*edica, lr:c., "*esiglt Parafficitrs fcr Pr+xi:nal F$::+;al Pr**titttic $telrs"

Fri*cip* I luvesiigatorFib*r Matcriels, it'r*,, "ln*Yivo ?csting of Carbon/C*rb*n Rodr ficr Bofte ingro*'tk"

P:'incipal l*vrxti gator

?.{acionai Cancer lrstilute, "l}i*ir:ech*rri*s iif Meiastatie Delspts ix *o:tt" Fri*tip*llnvestig*t+r

P{izu'ilcspital Fr*<ir:cts Otoup, "firite E}*lneax Analysis $f Plcsthetic ACl.Altachffieftt" Pri:reipal investigator

Nati*nal iflstitiltes af trtealth, "I{ip Fraciure Risk Fredicticn i:y X+ay Camputed

T+mogaphy-! Principal l*vestigat+rG*ieral M*lors R*seatrh L*b*rat*ries, "Mecha:-*c*l Response and Slr:ength af th*

ituman Cervi**l Spi*r" Co-Prixcipal l::vestigat<x

.lohxscri & J*h::son, krc. Orih*paedics, "lii:iile Elemer:l lksig* A**lysis of a Carbsn

Fibor Femoral Prosthesis" Co-Prin*ip*l }*vcst igatorPr+tek, "Pr*slh*tic Shculdcr D*sign" Pri*cipal ixv*stigat*rCffitsr$ fry Disease Coiltrol, "Biomeciranics, Epidemialogy, a:x! Tr*attn*t of Hip

Fractares" Prixelp*l InvestlgatorA0*Sti{tung/AS}F-F**n*atitn, "F*iigte Charac{eristics af P*steri*r*L*mbar

Fjxati+*sl Co-Principal kvestiSatorNatioclal Instit*tes *f llealih, "Multisca* Phatoa Abs*rpfiomctry *rid Osleaporotie

Fffictilr$ Riak" Principal InvestigatorC+rrlsr$ for Iliseast Cantro},

-'Bicrnsthani*s of llip fractur* &isk" Prilrcipali!:Yestigator

Nationai lasti*rle of Dtntal Re*s*rclr *'Mecharics and bor:e raaradeli*g in a*+st**por*tic rnandibl e " Co- Principa i I n vest igator

WJ:itaker F*undatian, "Magaetic Resonance Imaging cf B*r* Str*ctur+ withMetastatic l)efbcts ia Bo*f" Co-Pri*cipai irrvestlgaiar

AG-Sti*unslASlF-F'otr:rdaticn, "Bi+d*gradable Partic*iate Comp*sites forSrthopaedic Applicati*ns" llrir:cip*l i*v*stig*t*r

Genetics i:rsti{xte, "Oeometric, derrilor*etriq s*d tgttia*al prope,tiss af h*alingseg::ren{at def*cls i* rat {bmor al teste* uith rscqmbinant h*mar: BMP"Co-? rir:rcipal Investigatar

lE*w*rd Hr:ghes h4*dical *:stitrrte M*,dical $tud**t it*se*r*h Trai*ing Cc--Plincipal

InvestigalarN*ti*nal l*stituto or: Agi*g, "Fleurornstcr changes with'*xercisa ir: eklerly woni€n"

Co-Pritcipal l*vestigalrrNaiisnal hrslit*tss *f Hcalth, "l{ip **+$re risk p:ediction by QDR" Prin*ipal

lnvesligatorN*rwich Ealr:* Phannaeeulicals "Effect* +f disph*spho*atss o* bior*eciranical ar':d

rnarpiiol*gic*l p:r:perties *f bcne ifi dogs" Co#ri*cipal lxvbstigat*:'No:wieh Eat*n Pharrnacesticai$ "Effects qf NE-58095 cc ths bi+:rtechanical a*d

morphologicai pr+perties af b*ae fi*n *ogs tr$aled far tw+ yearc" Co*Prir:cipal

L:v*sigatcrOst*o*ics, "Predi*i*d eff*cts af suri*+e tleatrnsnt s* the l**g*t*rm perform*rrce *f

cor*ertless hip i:i:*pla;rts" C*-PrinciB*l l*vestig*torNation*l Ce,nter for Resssrch Resout'c*s, Shared 1*strur*e$taticn Grant Principal

Investig*tor

I 983- 1984

1f84-l 984

I 9*4-1985

i 984-1 985

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:9SS-1986

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19*6-1987

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I 988-i989

I 989- i992

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r 99S"1 9S5

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19$1-1992

i99l-i993

t991-1993

1e9l-19S4

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l9*1-rp92

tr92-19*3

t9*2-t*93

I992-1993

A-'+-

*tt *vl -l I {"rt., t r4rru *J \}t -..r

52112fr18Mrrck, Sliarp & ilahme Research Lab*ratories, "Sval*aticn *f {fre efi*cts ol 1992-1995

MrK-Z1? tr*atfli{lni +n bone bi$me+haxics" C*-Pri*cipal lnvt*tigat+rNafiarra] insti:rr{es +f i:iorlth, "strnciural c*asequr*ces af p*sr-yi*ld behavior *fl ,,192*1998

ba*+" C+-Prir*ipel InvesligatorI)1,naGe*, lac-, "PPF-liased bi*degradable pa$iculatr c+mpo:ites f*r arth*paedic 199?-]993

appiicati*xs" Pri*cipal i*vestigai+rMass*clrusetts General llospilal "Effects of P1I-l on bi$rrrcchanical and 1992-1993

m+rph*lagi+al prcpe$ies ofborc i:l r?ts" Co-Frir:cipa! Investigrt*rNatisnal llrsti{utes af l"Ie*ltlr "OXA based bone ge*nrcry and csteo;:orotic fi'actur* 1993-}998

risk" Frincipal i*vastigat*rCenters for Disess* Control aad Preve*tian, Frcgram Pr+ject Gra:rt "liip fr*cf*:e 1993-199*

p,'svsniic:r **m lalis in lh* +ld*r$" Prireipal fuivrstig*tcrOrllt*paedi+ R*search and Edr:eatia* Fau*dati+*, Brisfal-Myers Sq*ibb/flimrr:rr i996-2t]01

Iasiit*tisnat Award, ''Ciini**l tricmscha*ics *f the pat*Ilcib:noral jaint" Fri*cipat!:rvestigator

CliaTrials BioRe*earch l,ld., "Bc*a bi*r*+*ha::ical procedu:es fcr a icag-1+rn, 199?-19$8rfficacy str.**y of risedrffrais as a *eatment i:l the est*sp*riq +variectr*:ize*i rat:r:od+I" Prir':cip*i Inv*stigat*r

Clin'Ilrials SiaReseerci: Ltd., "3sne biomrcha::ical procedures for a i*rrg-terrn 199?-:99$eificncy strldy sfris€dro::ale as a prsyert*iiv+ trratmsnt ir t*e aiteopenic,cvnriset*mized rat model'* Principel investigalar

ClinTrials Bi$Re*ear*h Ltd., "Sont biomecl*a*ical prore*ures filr * 26*w+e k or*1 :9S7- 1?9S

(capsirle) ccmparative *i{icacy study *l}.lE-58S95 alrd NE-I0503 i* *is fs:xa}eI:eagiedogl' Prir:ripall*r'estigat*r

Clir:Trials BirResearch Ltd., nA Z*-tt**k oral {caps*te} fract$e hea}ing st*dy with }99?-1998ris*.dronate {NE-58S95) in male arid fen:{rls b*ag}* dogs" Prir:cipal ir:vesiig*tor

Natisnal lr:stitntes *f lle*lth-'iF*llBi+n:echanics and FIip frircttrre Risk," Principai i99S-ES0?I*ve*ti6at*r

Natianal h:stihtes *f lIealttr "Tlrc efibcls *fjrrmpi*g ** growing b+:rss" Co- t99S-lnvestigator

Nike, I*c. "Funciioral Biornechanic* +{Prclective Systeras f r Socccn Design Criteria fur 2**6.2*fi7G*atkeep*r Clov*s and Shin Guards"

Sditsrial errd RevicvJoxrsal of O:thcpa*dic Rxear+&, Fcunding Cc*Edifar*i*-Chi*f 1983-i995Jour*al of BiomechanicalEngineering, Assaciate Editor l98t-i985Jou*:al of Bicme+ha*ics, Edi*iri*l Advis*r7 Scard :98i-1983Aa:ralg sf Bi+medicai $r'rgineering- Sdilorial Baard :r8S-1982Clinical Orlhapaedies and Rrlated Rese*r*hCrilical Rsyiewt in Bioenginaering CI{C Press

Jsuffiral of Applied M*chanicsJournal +f Bioengineeri*gJoxnral *f Bi+medical Materi*is ResearchJou*rai of Bafts *nd Joinrt Eurg*yNati<inal Science FoundationNagio**l Aenrn*utips and Sp*ce Ad*inislration

$*ctorxl Thescs Strpervi*cd

-ti:brs1a Sal:a, PI:r.D,: Teasile impact pl{,Ferties of b*r'ie and their ralatio* t# microsfructure, D€p*rta:e#. cf AppliedMecha*ics, Slanfsrd Universiry, l9?3. (Professor *rd Directcr, O*hopar:d'ic Bior.neeha$ics L*b, $epar**{rnt (rfOrt?r*pedic S*rgery, L*n:a Li*da Univrrsity MedicelC*nteq, Lom* Li*da, CA)

Ti:nr:tiry M, lYrigltl, Fh.D.r ?ersil* properiies snd $acfilre mechanics *f b*ne, Departmcnt *f M*terials S*ience,St*nfcrd Univ*rsig, 197S. {Pr*ftssor and }ire*tar, Departa:enl of Si*r**charrics, },hspit*l far Specia} $urg*ry,New Ycrk, NY; Fast Presiderit, Ortliop*edic Rese*rch $**.ie$)

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Der:nis R. Cartrir, Ph.$: The {btigile belravi+r of c+mpaot hcne, I}epaltrncnt of Siomedical Sngi**ering, Stan{ordUniversity, 1976. (Professor, Department of Meclmnical ErrgirTeering and Direc{or, Bicmec}ranics Lab,Stanford Universiry, Sia*f*r'd, CA; past-President, Orthcpa+die l{esearch Society)

Eric 3, Sabehnaa, Ph.D: An orgal *ulfure rnethod for stucly of {etal rno$ss bs*e u*d*r stress, Depa:1meni of MeehasicalEnginevring, Stanford U*iversity, t9?6. (Seaior Research Associale, VA Medical C*ater, Palo Al{o, CA}

Chrislopher B. Ruff, Ph.$.: Slructural reffisdrting of tlie femur and tibia with aging: A* autcma{ed digita} analysis *f rJrE

Pgcos skeletai sample; Depa*rnent of Antlrropologl, Universifl of Pennsylvaaia, August 1981. (AssociatePrefess*r, DspfirJment of Celt Biol*gy and A*atomy, J*iurs ll*pkins Schoc} of Medicine, Saltimo:e, ki$)

Carol A. Oatis, Ph.D.: The use of a niechafiicai model to predict the mation of tlle k*ee ir no*n*l loco*olioa: A studyof healthy ),$rlngcr afld slder ad*lt males, Departn:ient of Anatamy, Uaivsrsiry of Pennsylvania, 1982.

{Ass**iale 3r*fess*r, Dcparmenl of Physica} T.herapy, Beaver College, Phi}*<}elphia, }A)

W. ?ho:nas Edrvards, Ph.D.: A bioffiechanical analysis of tlre lumbar and lurabo-sauai spine in rhe sagittai plane.

lnterdopartr:rcnfal Frog?a$ in Biam*dical Enginee*r:g Massachusetts lxs*ruie af ?ech:rrl*ry, May, 1983,

iVisiting Assosiats Prefessor, Departme*t af Biaengineerirrg, Meci:ar:ical Aerospace ManufacturingEngineering, Syracuse U*iversity, Syracuse, NY)

Anth+*y M. $iCioia lll, lvf.D.l Tle role of interfragn*entary s-train in fractutt healiag. I{arvard Medicai $choo!, l,Io*orsTkesis, March 1986. (Assislanl Prcfrssor, Dcpa'tn:ent of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pirtsburgh,Pinsbargh, PA)

Sdrvard J. Cheal Ph.D.: Trabscular bone remodeling arou*d impiants, Massachuset8 lnstitate of Technology, June

1986. (Director of Applied Research, Johnson & Johns*n Orrhopaedics, Raynham, MA)

Cheryl L. Riegger, Sc.D": ?ibiofemoral conlacl prss$Ire, are* and farce ia neutral, varus, valgus, a*d post-csteotomyIoadirrgs, Boston Univcrsity, July 1986. (Assistant Professor, Uaiv*sify of Caloradc, Monison, CO)

Jef*ey C. Lttt:4 Ph.D.: Fructrlre risk predictions for ti:e human feinoral neclc M*$sachusptts kstitute of Tech*ology,August, 1988. (Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Director. ftthopaedic Biomechanics

Lab*ratory, University af California at Sa* Frarcisco Schaol ofMedicinc, Sun Francisco, CA),

Brian D. Snyder, M.D., Ph.D.: Anisotropic structuls pr*pefly reiations for kabecular bone. Universify af Pennsyivania,

February, I991. (tnstructcr, Dcpt. of Orthopaedic Surg, Harwrd Medical School, Boston, MA)

Dr.rned. Ratf H. Wittenberg: Biarnechanische urd Klinische Untasachwgon dcrsaler lulbaler u*d lumbosakalerFusioris technkan. St. Jssef Hospi&I, Assistml Prsfessc:, Bochr*r Univerciry, Genaary, l99i .

Xiang-Ilong Edrvard C*o, Ph.D.: Fatigue of trabecular bone. I{arvard/M.I.T. Division of Her{t}r Sci*nc*s andTechnology, October, 1993. (Assixant Frof,sssor, Deparenexrt of, Mechauical Engineering CohmrbiaUniversity, N*w Ycr*, NY)

Jeffrry A. O$y, M.D.: The lang term effec* of the bisphospboaate aler:dronate cn ths mEchanial and pfuaicalproporties of bone in ths estroge*-deficient rat. Harvard Medical School, Ho*orc ?hesis, fobruary, 1994.

{Orti:*paedie lftsident, l{arvard C*n:bined CIrlhapaedi+ Program, Bosb:i, MA)

Arry C. Coururey, Ph.D.: Mechaaicat properties of tle proximal femur: Changes with age. Harvard-MassachusettsInstit*te of Techr:ology *ivisiori *f Heaith $ciences and Technolof#, May, 1994, {$taff $ci**tisf }epmUnentof Bicmedieal Enginoeri*g, Cleveland Clinic Foundati+n, Cleveland, OH)

Rebec*a fil+vic, D.M.D." So.D.: ?he Effect *f ovari**tomy on tl'* rat mandible. Harvard University, May, 1994. ffrivatepr*cticr, Brookli*e, MA)

-&_

vffJ! UrJr -Wt -glr#trrJ"VlJ&* ilVi,tjillLi,l J".Li^ t rt*U *Ut a.t !J-\, , UU

5t?1D0r8Philippe K. Zysset; Ph.D.: A consiikrtivE law far trabecular bans, Ecole F*iyrechnique lred*raJe de Lauranu&,

Switzedand. J*ne, I 994. (Assistant Professor, ETH, Ur:iversity of Lausanng Lausanne, Switzerland)

Steplre*i N. Itobinovitclr, Fh.D.; l'Iip *aciure arrd fall impact bicmechanics. Harvard-Massachuse8s Institute sfTeclx*ology Diyision of Health SciEnces aod:l'ech*o1ogy, Scptembar, 1994. {Associate ?rafessor and Directarof tha Injury Pr*vention and Mobility Laboratory, Schoal of Kinesiclogy, $i:naa Fr*ser U*iv*rsity, 3*nraby,British Col*mbia)

Ay* van de* Krosn+*berg, Pl.D.: Dynamic mo*els of human lalls for p:ediction of hip fractare risk" Massachusetts

Institu* of Technology, Jan*ary, 1995. {Staft $ci**tist, TNO R*ad Ys}icle Institut*, Crash Safety Researcl:

Cenfer, Del& The Netherlands)

J. Seuglas Patterson, M.D,: Para*rpuid horma** {FTH }*S4) iricreases b*ne morpha,logic ar:d biot*e*haaical pr*perti*sia etrogon-de,ligienf rats: Pramise for the treaamen of established ost*oporosis. Harvard Medical School,

Hoaofs Th*sis, Febr*ary, 1995, (Orthopaedic Resident, $uke Urivexity, Dur:ira:n, NC)

Michaei J. Yaszernski, M-D., Ph,D.: The design, syn&esis, charactedzation, ar:d mecJiaaieal t$sting of a novel

degradabl* polymeric biomateriat for use as a bsno su&stitute. Jvlassachilsetis Inslitute of ?echnologt, June,

I f95, (Assistant Frcf*ss+r, Departmrnt af Orth+pedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN)

Matt*":ew J. Silva, Fli-D.: Predicting dre faihirc behavior of the iuman vertebrai body. Massachusetts Institute efTe+h*clogy, Fcbrt*ry, 1996. {Direptor, Sio*:echanics Laborat+ty, I}eparfinent of Orthopedic $'urgery,

Washingtcn University Sehool of Medicine, St. L+uis, MO)

Catlxrinq M, Ford Corrigar, Ph.D.; Failure +f lhe huma* proxim*l *rnur Material *nd efru*tural pruperlies.

Massachusstls lnstitute of Technology, Septembrr, 1996. (Vice Fresideirt and Principal Enginecr, Exponent,

lhil*delphia, PA)

S:ewr M, Boreman, Ph.D.: Creep of sabecular bane. Harvard-Massachus+tts l*stitute of Technologr $ivision of HealthSci*nces and Technolory, May, I99?. iSeniar Sngineor; Mjtek Pr*d*cts, WcJtwood, MA)

Canrad Wang, M.D.: Sensitoxetric and mecba*iral testing ir an animal rnodel of t*mcr*induced osteolysis in lo*gborps. l{arvard Mcdical Schocl, M.}. The,sis, Fek*ary, t998, (Oxhopaedic Rssident, H?rvard Medic*l$choa!, Bost*n, MA)

Sara E; Wilson, Ph.D.: Analysis of the forces or: &e spine during a fall with applicatian towards predicling vertebralfr*cture riek. Harvard-MlT trivisior af Health $ci*r*eu and Technol*gy, June, }999, (Assista*t Pr+fesscr,Depaftment of Mechanical Engineering University of Kansas, Lawrenm, i(S)

C*.ci}* N. Sm*sslers, Fh.D.: Fall biorrnec.hanics a::d hip fraetur* risk. Divisi*lr of .Applied Sci*lces, E{arvard University,J*ne, 1999. {Professeure Adjoirrte, D€partment de Gdnie M*canique Univrrsiry of Sherbrook, Sherbrook,

Qu6eei

Jeremy J" Bauer, Pir-D.l Deli*ing intensify of skeletel loading in children. Orcgoa State University Dep*rtrnent ofNulritian and Exereise Scie*crs, Jans,2006. (Arsociate, Hayes + Asseci*hs, Corvallis, OR)

Px}lications

A, Rtfersed Artic}*r

1. Hayes, -#.C. and Meclcros, L.F.: Yiscoelastic prapffiies of human articular ca$ilage. i. Appl" Physiol.,3i:562-568, I9?1.

2. Hayeq lV.C.: $orne viscoeiastic prape#ies of humafi artieillar earlil*ge. Acta Orthop. Belg., 38: X-32, 19'lE.

3. H*yes, W.C., Kser, L.M,, Hcnn:ailn, G, a*d M+ckrus, L.F.: A rnathematicatr analysis fcr indentation lests rfartitt:lar cartilage. J, Biomeeh., 5: 54 t -55 l, I 972.

-7 -

r\,u v\rr a, I t -'* r slJV iu \j+ -1-?

5121/ztr$4. l*ayes, W.C, a*cl Perrcn, S.M.: Plate-boxe fricti*n ia lbe campressio* fixatis* of fraet*res. Cli*. O*hsp.,89:

236*74{,}972.

5. Saha, S. and lJayes, W,C": i*s*ument*d te$sile'irnpnc{ &sts *f bone, Exper- Mech., 14: 473-478, 1974,

6. Felrc*, S.M. and llaycs, W.C.: Biomeclanft der platlenost*osyfithese. Medizinish-0*hop.Technik,2: 56-51,1974.

7. Cartet, D.R, and Hayes, lV.C.l Fatigue life of compect bone. l. Effects of stress amplitude, temperaiurc anddcnsiry. J, Bi*mech., 9: 27 -34, 1.97 6.

8. Cartcr, l).It., fiayes, W.C., and Schurma*, S,J.: Fatigue life af ca:npact bane, ll. Effuots o* microstructure anddensity. J. Bi-srnech., 9: 2l 1-218, 197 6.

9, $*ha, $. *nd Hayes, W.C.: "Iensiie i*pa*t prcpertios +f human *ompa*t ba*e. J, Biomech.. 9:2434,51, lg7S.

:0. Hayes, W.C. and Carter, D.R.: Post-yield b*haviar af subchandral trabecuiarbcne. S. Biorned. Maler. F(es., ?:537-344,19?#,

1 t. Wright, T.M. aad Haycs, W.C.: The fracture mechanics of fatigue crack propag*tior in compact bcne. J. Biomed.Mst*r, Res,, ?; 63'l-64*,19?6.

12. Carter, D.R. ar:d Hayes, W.C.: Bons cornpressive strength: The influence of densiry and str*in rate" Science, l94:i i ?4-i 176" 1916, .

13, lvrighr, T.ful. atd Hayes, W.C.: ?ensile t*sti*g o-f bone over a wi e range oi stain rate: $ffects of $raia rate,microstructure ard density. Med. Biol. Eng., l4: 671-68A,19'16.

14. lYright, ?.M. and Hayes, W.C,: Ctimments or1 "The elastic preperties af compact bore tiss:rs" by Reilly, I).T. andBursteir:, A.H.* J. Biomech., 9:744,1976.

15. Jones, H"iI,, Prie*q J,D,, **d Hayes, W.C." Tichenor, C.C. a*d Nagel F.A,: H*rneral hypertrxrphy in resp+*se toexerciis. J. Boae Joinl Sury. [Am]" 59(2]: 204-2*8,1977.

16. Cartcr, D,R. and Hayes, W.C.: Compact bcne f*tigue damage. L R"esidual stre*gth and stifs':ess. J. Bi*n:*ch., I S:

325'337,19'.17.

17. Wright, T.M. and llayes" W.C.: Fracture me*hanics parar**ters far con:pact bo*e. Sffccts *f density and specimenthickness. J. Biamsch., ]0:41943S, 1977,

18. Hayes, W.C. and trYright, T.M.: An empirical strength thesry for cornpact borie. Frachre (Proc. 4t?r In{'l Corrf. onFraotureJ, Val*me III: t I?3-l 180,

.l97?.

19. Carter, D,R. a*d Hayes, W.C.: Campact bcn* farigue damage, II, A micr*scopic exan:ina*icn" Clin. O*hop., l2?:255'a74,1977.

2A, Saha, S. *ad Hayss, W.C.: Rclatians be$veen teasile impact prsperties and rnicrostructure of $ompsel bone.Calcif. Tissue Res,, 24: $5:72,19'l?,

21. Carter" D.R. and Hayes, W.C.: The compressive bsisvior of bcme as * fwo-phase poroils rnataisl. J, Bone JoirtSnrg. fAtnj, 59: 954-962, 19'17.

22, Hayes, 1#.C., Swemoq L,W., ald Schurm*n, D.J.: Axisyrnmekio fraite elemeat analysis of :ire latercl tibialplateau. J. Biomcch,, 1 l: 2l -33, 197 8.

23. Hayes, W.C. and Bodi*e, AJ.l Flow-indepsndent visc+elasfi* propertie of aricular cartitage matrix. J. Biomech.,I l: 4$7419, 1978,.

24. Wnght, T.ll{. aad Hayos, W.C.r ?Egh*ical r:stp; Straia gaga *pplic*tion on cornpact bcno. J. Bi+mech., 12:471475,1979.

2,5, Nag*rka, M"L. *ud Flayrs, W.C,: Te*hnic*l note: An interaetive graphics p*ckage for calculating emss-seclicnalproperlies of complex shapes. J. Biomech., 13; 59-64, 1980.

-8-

;\,1 uvt L ! I -i\f t r4vu LJ tr', *f'a

5/21t2*t*26. 'Woo, $. L-Y, I{uei, S.C,, An'iiel, }., C+mez, M.A., t-Iayes, W.C., Wtdle, F,C, and Ake*ct't, W.i{.: I'he e{Iect *f

pi*lcrrged pirysical traixixg ai: the pr+pelties of }ang bon*, A stirriy of Wolfls Larv. i, Bane Joint Sury. lAmi,63:78G-786, I98i.

27 , Rufl C.S" and l{ayes, trf ,C.: Subperiasteal expansi*n a*d ccrxical rea:**eling *f the huxra:r fe*}ilr **d tibia withagi*g. Scienc*, 217 : 945-948, 198?..

28, Posn*r* I., While, A*{., Edwards, W.T. and i:fay*s, W.C.: A bi+:nechaaica} ar:a}3,sis cf the cli}ical stahiliry *f tke

I*r*bar r*d i*a':bssaeral*i:in*. $pine, ?: 3?4-389. t982,

29, H.${ C.B, *r.rd llayes, W.C"; Cross se+ti**a} ge+:netry *f Pecos Pue}:la fen:*ra a*d tibiae: A bi+i;echii}iieali*vestigati*::. L Mry{hod and gentra} patter:ts *fvsriati*n. Am. J. Phys. Arrtirr*p.,60:35?-381, 1983,

3i). Ruff, C,B. and l,Iayrs. W.C.: Cro:s-secti*::iri g{sfitttry af Pecos Prpblo fbm*e and tibi*e: A bi*mechailicaiinvestigati+n. il. Sex, agc a::rd sizs diffsrences. Am- J. Phys. A*thmp.. *ft 383-4$$, I983.

31. B*arprr, (i.$., I-li*yes, W.C., Jofe* M.l{. a::* While, A.A.: M*nitaring liacture sit* prcpefiies with exferi:ai

fixatia*. J. Biornech. Eng., I05: 120-126, 1983,

32. Cheal,*.J., Hayes, W.C., White, A.A., 1lI, ar,d Psrrere, S.M.; Str*ss a*alysis o{'a sirnplified c**rpressioa plattfixaticn syst+m ibr fi'actrred bane:. J. C*mp*lers arrd Strrclures, 1?l 845-855, 1983,

33, $iorre* J.L,, Be*uprr, G.$., *r:d Hayes, W,C.; M*]tiaxiai stlength cha:acieristics *f trxbecularbcnc, J" Biomech."

16: ?43-?52, 1983.

34. i{aycs, W.C., *ra*, J"}., Nagurka, M.L,, }:eldrrrai:, J.M., *nd O*tis, C.: i.eg molian a:ralysis during gai't 'cy

muitiaxiai a+crier*a:*Iy; I'heoretis;al f*$adstio*s a*d preli*':i;:ary v+lidatiaris. J. Bior:tech. Eng., 105: 283-289,r 983.

35. fiuiierti, I{,}I. nnrl Hay*s, W.C.l Pat$}bfe:nare} csr:{a{{ prcss$r*sr The infl*ence r:f Q-angle and tend*-fcn:am}c*fiiscl. i. 3+*e Jai*t $*rg, {AmJ, 66: 715-724,19*4.

36, Ruff, C,B-, LarsetsrC,S., *rrd i{ayes, W.C.: Slmoi*r*} chaages in ih+ famur wi* lhe transitiorr to *gri*}turc o::i t}rc

Cei:rgia csas{. Afli. }, Phy*. Anth op.* 64: }25-136, 1984.

3?" I{uberii, }1.H,, H*yes, W,C., a::d Sto*c, J.L.l Farcc r*tios ia the qrr*d*i*tps tr*don *nd ligamentr:m pate}}*$. J.

Orthop. Res., 2: 49-54, 1984.

38. Ruf{ C.&. *nd }Iayes, W.C.r Bone mineral $or}te*t in ti:o Iower Li:nb; Reiadcr:ship to cross-scclional geametry. }.Bone Joint Surg. [AmJ,66: 1024-i031, 1984.

39. Chr:al, H'J., Haycs. 1Y.C., lVhite, A.A,, 1I[, *nd ]e*'eil, $.M.: lfhree-dimensional ilnilc eJerrrcrt a**lysis ciasimplified comprcssion plate fixation system. J. Biornech. Eng., 1061295-301, 1984.

4G. lluff; C"B, and Hiryes, W.C.: Ag* c}::anges in ge+n:etry aacl miaeral contsnt of tlre iawer limb bonm, A*n.Bior*ed. Eng., 12:573-584, 1984.

4 L Cheal, ,E.J., lI*yes, W.C., Wi:ite, A.A., Ill, ar:d Pere*, S.M; !8ess a*alysis of *o*presricn plzle fixati*n a::d its

effects on long bone rern*deling. J, Biomech., 18:l4l-150, 1985.

42.. Mcsmorr:, H.i., l{*yes, W.C., Edrvards, W"?., G+ldberg, R"P., and }Vhite, A,A.: Prr:dicri*:r of vertebral bodyc*:nprsssive frs*irir* usir:g qr:*r:titarive car::rputed tomcgr*p}:y. J. Bans J*int Surg. I&r:r^1, 6?: 1206-1214,1985.

43, Kaplan, S"J.. Iiay*s, W"C., Mudan, P." Lelii, J.L., a*d White, A,A.: Mo*itariug tite heali*g of atibial astc*tan:y inthe rabbil treated rvith extemal fixation. J. Orthop. Res., 3: 3?5-330, I985.

44. Kapla*, $,J., Hayes, W"C., Stcne, J.L., and Beaupre, G.S.: Tensil+ $$'efigth af bovine trabep*lar bans. J.Biomech., l8: 723-727, i985.

45. Bea*pre, C.S. a*d l{ayes, W.C.; Finite elemefit *naiysis of a thres-{:im**si*na} *per:relleC m+del for *abecularbone. J. Bia:*esh. Exg., lS?: 249-256, t9&5.

o

LU Vulili*.v r a.v

sl}t/201846, Cheal, 8,J., Hayes, W.C., Lee, C.l{., Sr:yder, 8.D., anC Miller, J.: Stress analysis +f a condylar hre* libial

c#i::pons:l* infl*ence of metapi:yseal shell properties *nd sement injecrion deptir. J. *rrh+p. R*s.,3: 424-434,!?E5.

47. Gerhart'I'.N,, Hayes, W.C.. and Stem, 3.?L: Biamech*nical optir:rizati+n af a rr*del parlicuiale ccn:posile fororthopaedic appiications. J. Orthop, Res., 4: ?S-85, I986.

48. )iGioia, A.M. I1I, Che*I, S.J,, **d Hayes, W.C,: ?'hree-dimensi+nal strain fislds in a unjfacm ssleototrty gap. J.

Biornech. Eng., I 08: 273-28A, 1986.

49. &lwitrds, !y'.1'., Hayes, W.C., P*sn*r, 1., White, A.A. and Mann, R.: Vari*tion of iarnbar spine stiffness with lsad.J. Siomech. Eng., 109; 3542,19fi'].

5S. Che*l, 8.J., $nyd*r, S.l)., Nuaamaker, D.h{., and Hayes, W.C.: Trabecu}ar borre remodeiing ar*und s***th andpffous i*plants in ar equine patellar m*del. J. Biomech,o ?0: t I2i-i 134, :987.

5:. Mcstcon':, I{"J,, Clheal, 8.J., and }layes, W.C,: $tr*tgth leductioas frorn metastatic cortical defects in long bo*es.J. Snhap. Res.,6:369-3?8, 1988.

32. llnbert!, H.#. atrd Haycs, W.C.: ContacE prffsilro$ i* chcadromalacia patellae and the effects of capsalitrrecoastru+tive prccedures. J. O*hop. Res., 6: 499-508, 1 98B.

53, Ruff C.8., a*d l{ayes, W.C.: Ssx di$ersnces in *ge-related rcmodeling of t}:e fe*ur *rrd ribia. J. Orthop. Res., 6:

88689S,1988.

54. &ohlmann, A., Clmal, E.i., Hayes, W.C., and Bergmann, C.l A ncn-linear {iai& elemenl analysis ol ifiterfsceconditio;rs i* parous costed hip eadoproslheses. J. Sion:ech.. 2l : 605-61 I

" 1988.

55- Cerhart T.N., Ro*& R..D., Florowilz, G., Miller" R.L., 'Haaff, P., and l{*yes, W.C.: A*tibiotit retcese fi'onr a*experim*ntal bicdegradable bons cem€lt. J. Orthop. Res., 6: 585-592, t988.

5S. Snydsr; 8.D., Edwerds, 1{,T'., a:rd Hayes, W.C.: Letter to tbc Edit+r: Trabecul*r changes wigh verte}ra}ostecporosis. N. Engl, J. Med., 319:793-794, 1988.

5?. Serhtr1, T.N., Millcr, R.L., Kleshinski, S., and Hayes, W,C,; In vitro clraraclerization and bi$niechanical*pximizatisn of a biodegradable particulale cornposile bo;:e cement, J. Eiomed. Mat, Res., ?2: l9ll-1?8?.,1 988"

58. Cerha:t, T.N., Renshawo A,A., Millcr- n-L., Noeekef, R.J., and lI*yes lV.C.: In vivo histologic and biomechanicalcharacteization +f a biodegradabl+ paltifirlate c+mposite bone ccment J. Bion:red. Mat, Res.,23: 1-16, 1989.

59. Hipp, J.A", McBro*rri, R.J.. Cheal,8.J,, a*d Hayes, W,C.r Strucf,ural consequences of sndosteal mdastatic l*si*nsin long ba*es, J. *rthcp. &es,, 7: 828-*3'?,19fl9.

6S, Esses, S.L, L*tz, J.C., and Hayes; W,C.r Biomechanical properties of the proximal Grntlr detensirwd in-vitro bysi*gle-e*ergy q$&rtitative cornputed tomcgraphy. J. Bons Miner. Res., 4: 715-':22,1989,

6i. Lcta J.C., $erhart,7.N., and Hayes, W.C,: Mecha*ical properties of habec*Iar bone *sm the pr*xirnal f*nrul Aquautitative CT study. J. Comput. Assist. Toraogr., l4; iS?-l ,4, 1990,

6?, L,otz" 1.C. a*d Ha3res, W,C.l ?h* use of QC? to estimate risk af fr*cture *f the hip fiun:r falls. J. Bone Joint Sury.

[Am], 72: 6S9-?0S, l]90.

63, l,etxllen, D.G., Riegger, C.L., Myers, 8.R., and Hayes, W.C.: Effects of retina+utar release and tibisl tubercl*elevslion in patellofemorai degenerativejoint dissase' J. Or*rop. Res., 8: 856-862, 1990.

64, Hipp, J,A., 3dgefioa, 8.C,, A*, K,-N,, *nd Hayes, W.C,: Structural cor:sequencss of iraascortical holcs in langbones Ioaded in torsion. J. Biornech.,23t l?61-1268, 1990.

65. Wiltenberg, R.H., Mocller, J., Shea, M.,'!Vhite, AA., **d Hayes* W.C-: Ca*pressive strength *f autclogous a*dat!*geno*s bone gralls for ?horaco-lurnb*r and cervical spine fl:sio:r. Spins, I5: i0?3-I*?8, '19$*,

*tu-

uta V(rr.t?r-l\J t .alJ,

5/2il20r 8

66. Witschger, P.I4., fierhart, T.N., Ocldman, J.S., Edsber:g, L.8., and Haye*,'#.C.: Bicmechaaical evaluation of abiodegradable compasits as ax *djuncl ta interr:al fixatiox af fi'ac$rs cf the proxixrd fernar. J. Orth*p" R*s., 9:

48,53,1991.

67. Chea!, EJ., Mansm*nn, K.A., DiGioia, A.M. l1l, Hayes, W.C,, and Perra:i" S.M.: Rcle of i*te$ragrnentary sb"inin fieglurs healing: Ovine medei af a heali:rg o&teotomy gap. J. Orthop. Res., 9: l3l-14?, 1991.

68, Lotz* J.C., (ierhar{, ?N., and ltay+s* W.C.; M*+h*nical pr*p*rties of rnetrphy$is:bo*e in the proxir*al fernur. I"

Biamech,, 24 ; 3 1? -329, 199 1,.

59. Shea, M.* Edwards, W.T., White, A.A., and Hayes, W.C.: Variations of stiffness and sne*gtJt along rhe hunian

*ervical spine, J. Biomech., 74;95-187, 1991,

?0, Witt*nberg, R.lt", Shea, M., $warir, D.E., Lee, K. ., W*ite,4.A., and Hayes,'!1.C-: lxrpartance af b*$e rnineral

d*nsity in instrumented spine fusisns. Spine, i6: 647-652,1991.

7r. Hipp, 5.A., I(aia G.2., and Hayes, W.C.: Lscal deraineralization as I rxodel for bone str*rgih reductians k lytict'*r:scutic*l x*tastatic }esion& Invest. Itadi+}", 26 : 934*93 S" I 99 L

72. J*fe, M.I{", ?*keuchi, T., and Hayes, Tf"C.: Compressive behsvior *f liuman bsa**e+r*ent comp+sites. J.

A:*rroplasty" 6: 213Q.19, 199 1 .

?3, LoY- 3.C., Clreai, E.J,, and Hayes, r#.C.: Fradurc predi+tio:r for rhe proximal fernur rxiag finite clent+nf r*odels.

Part i: Lirrear a:ralysis. J. Siomwh. Etrg., 1]3: 353-360, i99l*

74. Lo14 3.C., Cheal, 8.J., a::d }{ayes, W.C,: Fractilre pr*dictioa f*r the proxir,'ra} fumur csirrg finite elemerii r::ode}s,

Pfirt ll: Nanli:rear analysis. J. Biomech. Eng., I I3: 36i-365, 199L

75" hdycrs, 8.R., S*ber:y, B.A* H+cker, A,T,, Corcorar, T.A., Hipp, J,A., Creenspan, S.L., a*d Hayes, W,C.:

Correlalion* befiry*en phat+:r absorption pr*pe$iss and failure lsad af the dishl rudiue in yitra. Cals. ?issueInt-, 49: 292-29'?, 1991.

76, &cbinavitcir, S.N.o Hayes, W"C,, and McMahon, T.A.: Prsdiction of femaral impaet forces ia lalls an rire hip. J.

Biomech. Eng., 3 13t 366-374, 1991.

77. Shea, M., Edwmds, W,T., Clothiaux, P.L., Croxell, R-R, Nachemson, 4.L., White, A.A., and Hayes, W.C.:

Three-dimexsi*aal loed/dispiacement prcperties of pcsterior lumbar fixaiion. .i. Orti:rcp. Trauma, 5: 42Q427,1991.

78. $wartz, D.8., Wifterrberg, R.H* She*, M., Whits,4,A., and Hayes, W.C": Pirysical ai'ld #*c.hanical prcperfies oftalf lumbosacral trabEcuiar b*ne. J. Bio*sch., 24: 1059- I 068, I 9r l .

79. Che*I. E.J., Spector, M., and fiayes, W.C.: Role of loads acd prosthesis mats'iat prapertias on ilte mechanics ofti;e proxirnal fen'iar sftsr totat hip arthraplasry. J. O*hop, Res., l0: 4*5.422, t992.

80. C*rp*nter, J.8,, HipB, J"A., Cerhart, T.N", Rudaran, C.C., Hayes, W.C., a*d Trippel. S.J.: Failure cf growhhanaone to alter fracru'e lieall*g in bionrecbanics in a rabbit. J. Bone Jcinl Surg. [Am], 74: 359-367, 1992.

8t. Witterlberg ILH.* Shea, M., Edwards, W.T.. Swarta D.E;,'White, A.A., and Hayes, W.C.: A biomcchaaical study*f the fatigue charaetsristi*s *f thoracolumbar fixalion implants in a ealf spine model. Spine l?: $t2l-S128,,992,

82, Hipp, J,A., Rasr*berg A.5., and Hayes, W,C.: Mec}anical properties cf trabecular bone within and adjacent toosseors msrasta$es. J. Bone Mirrcr. Res., ?: I165-: 171,1992.

83, Sl':e*, M,, Whtexberg, R.H., Edwards, W,T., W?:ite,4.A., arid Hayes, W.C.: lrl vitnr hlperexiensio* injurirs in tlrchuman cadnveric cervical spine, J. Orthop, Res., l0: 9l l -916, I992.

84. ?aolan, 8.C., Shea, M., Myers, E.R* Borchers, R.8., Seedcn J.O., Quartuccio, H., Rodan, C., and Hayes, W.C,:Efticts of the 4-amino-t-hy&oxybutylidene bisphospho*ate on bons biomech*nics in rsts. 3. Bonc Miner. Res.,

?:1399-1406,1992.

- 11-

uli vtrt&tt&v t u!,

5t21/2*1885. Kleernari, 3.C., ?akeuchi T.Y., Cerhart, T.N., ar:d Hayes- W.C.: Holdiug power and reinforcement cf cancelious

scrs\#s in humaa bone- Clir:. Ortlrop., 284:26*-26tt,l9t)2..

86. Mizrahi, J., Silvq M.J., a:rd Hayes" W.C.: Fi::ite element $tres$ ailalysis of simulated melas{atic lesians in l}rrlurrbar veltebrai body. J. Biomed. Eag., l4: 467475,1992.

87; Maitia*r{, L,4., llipp, J.,{,, Myers, fl.I{", ltayes, W.C., and G:'*e*rpan, S-L": Read rny i":ips: h'leasurixg*ocher':leric *cft tissu+ thickners, Calcif. Tissue lnt., 52r 85-89, 3993.

88. l"laye*, W.C., Myars, 5.R., 'Monis, J,N., Gerhart, T.N., Yeti" H.S., and i,ipsia, 1,:t.: Impact *ear the hipd*rrinates Sacture risk in elderly *arsing hame residonts who fall, Calsif. Tissue int.,52l :92-i98. 1995.

89. Iviyers, S.R., Hecker, A.?., Rooks, D.S., Hipp, J.A,, a*d l{ayes, 'W.C.: Ceometric variabies frora }XA of tirerit<iiue predicl forea#E fraciure load in viiro" Caloif, ?issr+e Inl., 52; t?9-204, I r93.

9S. Michei, M,C., Gu+, X,8,, C'ibson, L.J., McMahon, T.A., ttrrd Hayes, W.C": Compressive fatig*s bv}avi*r afbavine tabecalar bone. J. Biomecli., 26: 453-463,1993.

91. Keave*y, ?.M., Sorchers, R.8., Gibson, L.J., *nd Hay*s, W.C.: ?echnical Notel 'fhe*r.etical analysis of lheexp+rime*{al a*ifect in trabecular b**e compressive modsiu$. J, Biomech., 26: 599-6fi?, 1993.

92, McG*ran, D.P,, Hipp; J.A., Takerciri" T,, W}he, A,A, aad I{ayes, W.C.: Slrength red*ctions fr<*r trabeculardestruction within rhoracic vstebrae. J. Spinai Disorders, 6: 130-I36" I993,

93. Chm1, EJ", Hipp, J"A., and Hayes, W,C.: Evaluation of firite elsment a*aly:sis for prediction of tix strenggir

r*duction d*s to vnetast*iic lesions in the fernor*l neck. J. Biomech*26:251-2&4, 1993,

94. Gerha:t, T.N., R*u& R.D", HanS PA., fiorowitz, C.L., Reushaw, A.A., and llayes, W.C.: A*tibicticloadedbiodegradable bone cem{:nt for p:'ophylaxis ar:d trcarr*ent of experimcatal osleomye}itis ir a r*t n$del. i.Ori}:op. Ras., I I: ?50-?55, i993.

95. Laurencin, C., G*rhart, T.N., Witscliger, ?.M., Satcher, R,R., Domb, A.A., Rasenberg 4., Ha:r{d P.}., EdsbergL.8., Hayeq W.C., and Langer, R.R.: Bioerodible poly(anhyrirides) for anribiotic drug delivery: In-viysasteo:nyelitis tveatment in a r*t model syster*" J. Orlhcp. R*s., I I :256-262, 1993.

,$. Crcwell, R.R., $hea, M,, Edwards, W.T., Clcthiaux, P.L., White, A-A., and Hayes, W.C.: Cervic*l injuries und*r'flexion and compression laading J. Spinal Disordrs, 6:175-18i, 1993,

9?. Holma$, C.A.,Ildwards, W.T., G*rlmr"t, ?N", I-rwallen,I).G., Craw+ll, R,R., ard Hayes, W.C.; Biimechanics ofpin and screw fixatioa of frmorcl reck fractrrres. J, Orthop. Traw*, 7:247*241,1993.

98. Lazxitzen,8.8., Balc.na, R*, Shea, M., Sr:edor, J.G., Ma*atos, A., Ls, H,M,, ?+clan,8.C., Myers, E.R., Ro<lan,

G., arrd Hayes, ![.C.: Xt&cx of csilibined prosiaglan*in and aJ+ndrarl*le treatr$snt ofl ths hists'*rorphcmetrya:idbiornechanicalpropertiesofbone inorrariectomizedrats,J,Bsrt*Minsr.Res.8:B?t-S7t, t993,

99" Keav*ny, T.M-, Borcher$, R"E,, Cibsan, L.i,, and Hayes, W.C.l Trabecular bone :nadul*s *nd str*rrgth *ar:depe*<l o* specimen g€ornetry. J. Bi*rnech., ?6: 991-1G0G, 1993,

1$0. Cty, I"A., Shea, M., Petor, C,P., Morrissey, il, arrd Hayer" W.C.: Continuous alerdronate Eeatment tlroughcatgrc*ti:, maturatiori and aging in the rat resuits in both ir:creased $+chanisai propsrties and bo*e mass. Csicif,?issus Int., 531 281-288" 1993.

l$1. Snydq,8.D,, Fiazza, S., Edwards, lV.T., and $aye1 W.C.:Role of trabEcular morphology in the eriology cfage-re!*ted yertebral fractur'es. Calc.if Tissur Int., 53: 51+522,1993.

l$2. Wittenberg, R*H., Lee, K.$., Slea, M., White, A.A., and Hayes, W.C.: Effect of screw diameler, inse$iontechaique a*d bme ceraent augmentation or pedicular screw fixation str€ngth. Clin. Orthop.,29$: 27l.2&7,1*93"

l*3. Siiva, M.J., Hipp, J.A., McGowan, D.P., Takeuchi" 1'., and llayes, W.C.: Strcngth reduclisns oftha-rasic vertEbr*ein the prese*ce of transcsrtical osseous dsfe*ts: Efects of defect location, pedicle di*ruption and defcct size.Bur+. $pin* Jau:nal, 2: I 18-125, 1993.

1't

LU JU'iI,JU I *V!- .rLr ur *!a

5f21n*}8tS4. Miaahi, L, Silv4 M.J., Keavenl, T.M,, Edwards, \Y.T., axd H*yes, W.C,: Fi:rite ale$ent stress ft*aly$ts of the

ncrmal and osteoporotic fumbar vertebral body. Spinc, I8: 2S88-2$96, ,r93.

105. Heck*r, 4.T., Shea, M. Hayhursi, J.O., Myers, E,ll., Mceks, L"W., and Hayes, W.C.: Full-arl strcngth *f suf*reanchors far rotator caff a*d bankart lesion repair. Aru. J. Sp*rts Med,, 2l: *74-8'79,1993.

106. Browr, C., !{ecker, A,?,, I{ipp, J.A., Myer*,8,R., and Hay*s, W.C,:'ihe bionrr:chadcs cf interferense sctrew

fixation of patellar ler*don ACL grrfu. Am, i. Sports Med., 2l; 880-886, i993.

J0?. Keavery,'LM. *:'rd Hayes, V/.C.: A 20-ye*r psrspectiv$ on tlre rrech*nical properti*s af trabecular b<rne- J.

Biamech. Eng., I I 5: 534-542, I993.

i08. Balfila, R-, Toolan, 8.C., Shea, M-, Marka{os, A., Myers, 8.R., Lee, S.C., Opas, E.8., Seedor, J-0., Klein, ii.",Fra*kenfirld, D., Quarluccio, H,, Fiorava'fifi, C., Clair, J,, Br$wn,8., Hayes, W.C., and Rcdan, C: The cff*clsof twojear trsalmer* witi the arninobisphospho**te AJendrsnaie or bone metabolimr, bar':e histonrarpiroir]*tlyand bone strength ir? ova:'i*ctomized rr**'hur:ran primates, J. Clirr" Invest,o 92 25774.586,1993.

i$9. Cuo, X,-D.E., M*Mahon, ?.A., KqgyenX, T.M, Hayes, W.C., and Cibsor:, L.J.: Ii*ite elernsrt modeling ofdan:rage rccumulatio* in trabeeular bone uader cyclic laading J. Sicnrech., 27: 145-155, 1g94.

I i0. Greenspan* S.L., Myars, E.R., Maitland, L.A., Resnick, N.M", ard lfayes, W.C.: Fall sevcrrty sftd boile mi:1emlderrsity es risk factcrs for hip {i'ac*rrc in ambulatary eld*rly, JAil,tA" 271: 128-133, i 994.

I I I. Bawman, S,M., Keaveay, T,M,, Gibson, LJ., Hayes, W.C., and McMahon, T"A.: Compressive cr*ep beh*vi*r ofbovine tr,rrbecillar borre. J. Biom*ch., 2?: 301-3lf, i 994.

112. llayes, W,C-: Reply t+ Lptter to *o Edi{or: lrnpact xear ths hip dorninates Pacf*re risk in nl*erly xursing ha*:eresiderts rryho fall. Calcjf. Ti*rc lnl, 54: 175-177,1994.

I 13, Steiner, M.8., Hecker, AT., Browq C., and llayes" W.C,: ACL g'afi fixatiax Comparisotr of har:rstrirg tsndansaad patellar tendon. Am. J. Sports Med.,22:24fi-247,1994.

t 14. Zysse,t, P.K* Son*y, M,M," *nd l{4yes, W.C.: Morphologl-rnechanic*l properly reiaiia*s ir: r-abscular bcus of theosteosfbritic proxinral tibia. J. Arthraplasty, 9: 2*3 -21 6, l9$4.

1i.5. Blevixs, F.T., H**ker; 4.T., Sigler, G., S*iand, A., and i{ayc$, W.C.: I'he effects of donor aga and strai* rate cnthe bioraechanical p:*perties of bone-patellar tendcn-bone allogralts. Am. J. Sports Med., 22:3X8433,1994.

116. Silva, M.J, W*ng f., Keavenyr'1.M., a*d liayeg W.C.: Direct *xd computed tarcography thickrress$l$a$ursleeflts of the human lumbar vertebml rh*II *nd +ndplate. B**e, 15: 4S9-414, 1994.

1 I7" Colrtney, A.C., Wathtel" E.F., Myem, 8.R., a*d Hayes, W.C.: Effects of loadir,g rale ofi shength of ibe proximrlfemur. Calcif. Tissue IrL, 55: 53-58, I 994.

Il8. Keav*ny, T.M., Cuo, X.E." Wachiel,8.F., McMah*4 ?.A", audl{*y*s, S{.C.: Trabecularbone exhibits ful$linwr el*stic b$havior and yields at low strains. J. Sior*cch., 2?: 1127-1136, 1994.

1i9. Keaveny, ?.M., Wachiel E,F., Ford, C.M., and Hayes. W.C.: Diffsrcnces betrvsen tensile ar:d e*mpressivestr*ngtlrs of bsvine tibial rrabeeular bo*e dep*nd *n modulus, I. Bi*mech., ?7; 1137 -1146, 1994.

I20. Corc+ran, T,A., Sandler, R.8., Myers, E.R., L*bowita H.H", and Hayeso W.C.: Calculation of the cross-sectio*algesmetty of bons *om CT images: Applicaticn to the seldy of the radius in postmencpaus*l w+men. J.C*arput Assist. Tomogr., 18t 626-613, 1994.

121. Shea, M.S.; ?aker:cii, T., trViltenbcrg, R.H., White, AA., a*d Hayes, W.C.: A comparisan of rhe efects ofeutamaled prrrcutans*us disceetomy nr:d cc*ventional discactomy an ir*radiscal pr€ssurs, disc geometry, **rlstiffaess. J. Spinal Disord* 7t 317.325,199A.

122. Ke*v*ny, T.M,, W*ohtel, 8.F., Guo, X.8., and Hayeq lil.C.: Mectanical beiravisr of damaged trabe,cular bone, J.

&i+mcch., 2?l 1309-1318- I994.

-tJ-

kr^;}U v.Al -1,: vVJ\iU'vVL UvuutittatL -LJ.6 | lrlli V*rjr rrU r uirr, rff vl .fr

5t2112018l?3. Lee, S.C., Shea, M., Battle, M.A., I(ozitza, K., Ron, E., Turek, T., Scha*b, R.G, and lla;'es, W.C.; Sealing of

iarge segmental def$cts in rat f,emurs is side,d by RhBMP2 in PLGA matrix- J. Bioa:ed. MaL Res., 28:: I49,t 156" I994,

I24, Greenspan, S.L,, Myers, 8.R., Mairland, L.A,, Kido, T.H., Kffisnow, M.8., and Hayes, W.C.: 'lroch;r:rieric bone

nineral density is assoeiated with fpe of hip *actr.ue ia ti:* *lderly" J. ilone Miaer. Re*., 9: lS89-1894 1994.

125. Slovic, R.P., Hipp, J.A.. and Hayec, W.C.: ]v{axiliary nrolar exlractioa decreases stil*ess of the ;nandible incvariectsarized rab: J. Dont, Res., 73r 1?35-1741, 1994.

i26. Elovic. R.P.,l-:ipp, J.A., and Hayes, W.C.: A rfiflthod for measuring the strilctural properties of the mt rn*r:dible.Archiyes of Oral Biclogy,3g: I029-1033, 1994.

i??. C+urtn*y, A.C., \Y*chtsl, l?.F., My*rs, fi.R., and llayes, W.C.: Age-relatcd redlrtions !* lhe s*ongth *f the fsn:urtested in a fall laariing canfiguration, J. Ilone Joinl Surg., lAml, ??: 38?"395, 1995.

!28. Bouxsein" M.L.- C*ufney, A.C., and Uayes, W.C.: Ultrascnic and derrsitornetric properties of the calcaneuseonslate with tbe str*ngth of *adaveric fenurs lcaded i* a fhll config*raiicn. Calcif Tissue Int.,56:99-tCI3,i oot

129, Elovic" R.F,, fiipp, J.A., and H*yes, W.C.: *varieciomy decreases the bs*e area fvacli*:r of the ral rnandible.Caicif. Tissue lnt, 56: 305-3 I 0, 1995.

t30. Skoffl H.D., Hecker, A.T., I{ayes, W.C., Sebai!-Sklar, R,. and Straughn, N.: Bone sul:rre a*chors in h*nd surgory.

Br, l. Hand S*ry,, ?*r 245-748,1995,

l3l. Borchers, R.8., Sibsor, L.J., Barchardt, H.. and l{ayes, W.C.: Eifects of, selected thermal -vari*bles or thsm+chanical prcpe*ies of trabecular boro. Biomaterials, 16: 545-55I,, 1995.

i3?. 'ikkeuchi, T., Lat?ri, V"K., Kha*, A.M., and llayes, W"C.: Patellofemorat cont&ct prcs$ilret cxcecd fhecompressive yi*ld strength of Uf{MWPE in total knee repl*cements. }. Arthropl*sty, 1S: 363-368, t995.

133. Wit*errberg, R.l{., Shea, M." and l{ayes, lV.C.: F}exibili} a*d d:slractiot} after monosegmental and bisegmenta}i*mbosacral fixnti*n with *ng*ir stable fixatars, Spine, 2*: 1227-1232, 1995,

134. Lafage, M.H., Ba!e*a, R., Battle, M.A., Shea, M., Sccdor, J.G., Klein, H., Hayes, W,C-, and Rodan, G.A.:Cornparison of alendronate arrd sodium fluoride effects on cancellous and cortical bone in minipigs: A one-yearsfirdy. J. CIin. lavest , 95.:2127-2133,1995.

135, Yasze*ski, M.3., f*y*e, R,G., Eayes, W,C,, Lar:ge; R.S,, Axf:demotte, T.8", a*d Mikos, A.G.: fhe ingrowth of*sw bane tis*ue into and initi*l mechanicai pt'opertics +f a degrcding polymeric eoxposite scaffald. TissueErlg., l:41-52, t995.

135. Elovic. R.P., fiipp, J.A, and Hay*s; W.C.: M*xillary molar extraction c**ses increased boile loss in tb* *ar*ibler:f ovariect+rxizrd rals, J. Bc*e Miner, Res., t0: 1087-I093, 1995,

137, La*" J.C., Cheal, E.J., and Hayes, W.C.:' Saess distributions within the proximal femrrr during gair and fails:Implications for osteopurotic Fach:re. Osteoporos, Int , 5: 252-26r, 1995.

I38, van den Kroone*berg, A-J.., Hayes, W.C., and McMahon, T,A.: Dynamic r*odols for sideways falls frara standi*gheight J. Iti+n:+*h, E*g* I l?:3S9-3,l8, 1995.

139. Shea, M., Edwards, W.T., White, 4.A, and Hayes, lV.C.: Optimizatiox technique fix *he calculation cf in-vitrotfuee-dimensional yerebral motion. J, Biamech. Eng., I1?: 366-369, 1995.

140. Siiva, M.J., Gibs**, I..,,J,, and Hay*s, W.C.: Ths effpcts *f *on*periodic miprssfuctural variabiliry orr the elasticp1ope,ties of txodimension*l +ellular solidr. Lit. J. of Mech" Sci., 37: l ISl-l I77, 1,95,

l4I. Robinoyitch, S"N., Hayes, W.C., and McMahon, T.A.: Energy*hunting hip padding sysa€m aften$ates fernoralimp*ct force i* a simulated fall. J. Biamech. Eng., I l7: 409413, 1995.

- 14-

.,r', uua "L t I ev t Lilru u{ vl "7?

1fttfta$142. Robinovitch, S.N., McMahon, T,A,, and *layes, W.C.: Ferce atlenu*tiriri in tr*cl:antrric soil tissues during irnpact

frcm a fall. J. Orihop. I(es., l3: 956-962, 1995.

143" Fo#, C,M., Keaveny, ?.M,, *nd Iiayes 1V.C.: fire effect oi'impact direc*a* sil the stt'ilclirral cap*city o{thepraximal ftmur during {ittts. J. S+re MinEr. Res., 11: 377-383, 1996.

144, Peter, C.P,, Guy, J,, Shea, M", Bagdoa, W., Kline, W.F,, aad Hayes, W.C.: Long-Iem safety of the

**incbisphosphonate alendr<lnate in adult dogs: l. Gereral safety and biomecj:sricai pr*pclties of bo:re, J.

Fharrn. and Exper.'Ilrerapeut ics, 27 6 : 27 I -27 {r, 199 4.

145. va:: d*n Kroo*enberg A.J., Hayes, ?il,C., and hlcMahan, T.A.: i{ip impact velocities and body cc*figurations forvalur:ary fails Som standing height, J. Biomech., 29; S0?-81I, i996.

146. Pi*illa, 'I.P., Boardr::an, K,C., Bouxsein, M.L., Myers, $.f,, a;rd llaycs, W.C.: Impact directic,ri frsm a ialli::rfluvi:ces tho ieilure load +f llie proximal fernw as mrrch as ag*-relatsd bsne loss, Calcil ?issue Int., 58: 231 -

235,1996.

l4?. Coa:tiey, A.C., Hayes, W.C., and Cibson, L.J.: Age+elated differsnces in post-yield damage in hunan corlicalboner Sxpr:rime*t and model. J Biomech.,29: 1461-1471, 1996.

148. Sawnra*, S.M;, Zx*td, J-, Gibson, L.J., i{ayes, W.C., aad McMah*a, ?.A.: The lensi}e bshavior of dsnineraliz*dbcyine cortical bo*e. J. Biomech.,29r I49?-15SI, 1996.

i49. Yaszernski, M.J., Paync, R.G., Hayes, W.C., Lang+r, R.S., axd Mikos, A.C.: The cvoh$isrr of ba,ne

transplant*tion: Moleaular, ceil*lar ar:d lissue strategies tc engi::eer huma* b+ne, Ilioraaieri*ls,'17: l?5:185,?995.

l5S" Yaszemski MJ, Payre RG, Hayes W.C., Langer R, and Mikas A.G": In-vitro clegr*datior: of a poly{propylenefurnaratei-based composite nratcrial. Biornateri*ls, 17 : 2127 -2130, t 996.

I51. ltayes, W.C,, Myers, 8,R,, Robinavitch, S.N.. van den Kroonenberg A.1., Coutlr:ey, A,C., and McMahon, T.A.:Etiol*gy *nd preventic* ofag*-r*lated hip fractures. Bcne, 1 8:7?3-86S, 1 996.

152. Silva, M.J., Ke*very, T.M., and ltay*s, W.C.: Load sharing between tbe shell and cefl*um in ttr* lumbar

ve$sbral body, $pine, 22t #A-15*,199'1.

153" Frazier, D,D., l,att-:i, V.K., Gerha*, T.N., and ll*ye$, W,C.: Ex-vivo deg'adation of a paly(propylene gly*al-$:runate), bicdegradableparticulatecompositebone cemeat. J. tiiomed. Mater. Res.35: 383-389, 1997.

154. Rooks, D.S., Rarrsil, 8., and Hayes, W.C.: Sclf-p*ccd exercise improves fle$romotor perfutman*e i* camminitydwelling oldsr adults. i. Aging Phys. Acr, 5: 135-149,199?,

I55, Wiltiar*s C.S., Abmharasso;r S., Shea M., Seiler LG,, Hayesn W.C., and Gslbennaa R.H.: The biomechanicalsffects of cpel*tive aerve nrcbilizalion and tra*spositica irr a ca*ine ulnar rerve model. J. Fland Surg,22; 193-199, t997.

t5$:, Robinovitcft, $.N., l{ayes, W.C., and McMahon, T.A.: }isn'ibution of oan{act fbrm during inpact to the hip. Ann-Biomed. Eng., 25: 49r-508, i997.

I5?. Robiaavitch, S.N., Hayes, W.C., arrd McMalnn, T,A.: Predicting ti:e impact respcr:se of a narlinear si*gle clegree

*f **edo*i sho*k absorbi*g system *om the messured st*p respoaee. ,i. Biomech. Eag., I 19t 221-2?7, 1997.

t56, rii/indhagen, H,J., Hipp, J.A., Silva, M.J., Lipsoa, S.J., and Hayes, iV.C.: Predicting failure of thsracic verlebraewitb sirnul*ted *nd acaai mefastetic d*fec*. Clin. Orthop., 344: 313*3 19, I997.

159. R*sks, D.S.. Kiel, I).P., Parsons, C., and ltayes, W.C.: Selfl-pac*d resista:rce *aining and walking exercise inccrnrnunitydwellingalderarJrrlts: Effectson neilromoiorpsrforman+e. L Geranlcl.,52: MI6i-M168- 199?.

t6t. P*ter, S.J., Yaszemski, M.J., Suggs, L.J., Payne, R.G., Lar:ger, R-, Hayes, W.C., Unroe, M.R., Alemany, L.3.,Engel, P.S,, and Mikcs, A.O.: Characterizatian of parlially saturated pol{propylene fumarate) for o:thapaedicapplicatioas" J.*iomaler., S: 893-904 19S7,

-15-

uu v!, l" i , !t, I ri_l-,

5t2,nu8t6l. Riogger-Krugh, C.L., Ser**rl, T.N., P+wers, W.R, iu:d *ayes, W"C": Tibiofemoml conlact pressurcs in

deg*erative jai::t disease. Clin. Orthcp. ,348: 233*245. I 998.

1,62. Odr;n, 2..M., Seivitelli, D.M. Hayes, W.C., and Mqrers, S.lt.: The eff*cl of trabecular structur:e on DXA-bascdpredicti*::s of bavin* bone failure. Calcif. Tis*ue kit., 631 67-73,1*98,

I63, Bowman, S,M., Guo, X.S,, Cheng, D,W* Keavenn 7.M., Silso*, L.J., Hayes, Y!'.C., and McMahon, T-A": Crcepcoeribules tc tire farigue behavi+r of iiovine trabecular trcn,e. J. Bicffiech. Sng., i20: S4?-654, I998.

lS4, Brader, $"P. Kuxh; A.A., Shea, M., Tlary**, W.C., Saiswal, N,, and Kadiyale, $,: Bons regener#ion byimpiantalion of purified, culture-rxpanded humari mesrnchyrnalsterr cells. J, Orlhap.lies,, l6: 155-162, 1998.

:65. Sitv4 M.J., Keaveny, T.M., and Hayes, W.C.: Compr:ted toarography-b*sed flnite eler:rent analys;s predictsfhililre loeds and fr*elr:re patter*r fcr vefebral ssctions. J. O#h*p, Res., lS: 30G-308- lr9B.

166. Mulier, R., Gerber, S.C., aad l{ayes, W.C.: Micro-compression: A *ovs} lr+hnique fcr the aon-destr'*ctiveass*ssrient of ioca] bone failu:e. Tech, & Heailir Care, 6; 433-444,1998.

L67, Lce T.C., Myers 3.R., axd l{ayes W.C.: f,}uoresce:}*e-*idsd d*t*ction +f rricrcilanrage in camp*ct hone. J. Anat.,193: l?9-184, i998.

i68, Cree$span, S.L., Myers, E.R., Kiel D.P., Parker, 3-A., Hayes, W,C., Resnick, N.M.: Falt directio::, bo*e mineraidensig, arr<t fiinctio*: Risk fact+:x fcr hip fiaeturs in xursing home elderiy. Am. J. M*d., I 04: 539-545. 1 99S.

!69. Colgan, S.A. Hecker, A.?., Kirker-Head, C"A., and Hayes, WC": A con:paris+a of the Syrthes 4.5-:nmcasnulated so'eq, ar:d the Synthes 4.5-r standard cortsx serew syst$ns ir equi*e b+:re: Vet Surg., 27: 540.546,1998.

l?0. Bozic, K.J.* Giaz*r, P,4., Zurakowski, D,, Sinror:, 8.L., Lip*on, 3.J., and Hayes, W.C,; In viv+ evaluatioa ofcoralline hydroxyapatite alrd direct curyent elcctrical stinrulati*n !n lumbar spianl fi;sion. Spine, 241 212a1-2133,1999.

171, Kraus, K.H., Kadiyala, S,, Wotlcn, H., Ku{h, A,, Shea, M., $annan, M* Hayes, ril.C., Kirker-llead, C.A., andBruder, S.: Critically sized ostea-peri*steal for*cral deflecls: A dag model. J. lnvsst. Surg., 12: I15-124, 1999.

172.. Wright, T.M., Buckriraiter, J.4., a*d l{ayes, W.C.: Writi*g for the Journal of Orthapaedic Researrh. J Ortiop.Res., l7: 459466,1999.

i?3. Bowaan, S.M., Gibson, L.J., Hayes, W.C., and McMahon, T.A. Results from dernineralized bone creep tostssuggest thal c+ll*ge* is r+sponsiblo rreep b*havi*r of b*ne. J. Sio:nech. Eng., I2l: 253-?58, 1999,

174. Michacii, D.4., lfioue, K., Hayes, W,C., and Hipp, JA. Densiry predicts the aetivity-depeadent failure load ofproximal feinora wi& defects. Skele{a} Radici., ?8: 90-95, 1999.

175" Ha*uer, D.L., Browq C.H., $teiner, M.E.* Hecket, 4.T,, and liaym- W.C,: Hamstring ter:don grafi* farrec*nstruction of the anterior sucifie ligamerif, biomechariical evaluatim cf the use of multipie strands andtensioning x*chniqu*s. J. Bone Jsint Surg., 81-A: 549-55?, t999.

I?6. Hayes* W.C., Sh*a, M.S., and Rodan, S.A.; Freclinical &vid*uce of *ormai bone wi* alondronate" Inl,. J. of Clin.Pract., S:rppl 1Bl : 9113, 1999.

177. lxe, T.C., Arfh*r, T.t., Gibscn, LJ., and Hayes, !/.C.1 Sequer:tial labeling of r*icrodam*ge. in brxe usingchelating ageilts. J. Orthop. Res., 18(2): 322-325"2*00.

178. Wilsrn, D.X.,Ir4yers, 8.R., Mathis, J.M., Scribner, R"M., Cont4 J.A., Reiley, M.A., Talmadge, K.D., and Heyes,lff.C.: Effect cf *ugrnerttatioa aa the r*echanics af vertebral wedge frac?ures. Spin*,25:158-165,20S0.

1?9, Sunter I(8., White K.N., Hay*s W.C., *nd Snow C.M.: Functional mobilify dismiminates *on*fallers &om ane*tirne aad irequ*nt f*llors. J. Gerclr1ol, A: Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 55: M672475,20AA.

180. V/indhagsa, H* Hipp, J.A., aad Hayes,'lV.C.: Post-*act*re instability of ve*ebrae with simulated defects caa bepredicted from computed tomography d*ta, Spi*e; 24 # ): I??5-I?87, 2$00,

-16-

,(i vlrr*tl*u I ttvr

5ftV2*18I8l. Sn:aesters, C., Haye$,'lV.C.. a*d h{cMaho*, ?.A.: Disturbance ryp* and gait rpeed afftcl fa}i directian and

i:npact lccation, J. Siomec$., 34 {3i: 3S9-31?, 2C00.

I82. Ci**ik, E.D., Maurer, b{,, Ha*:ran, M.K., Muller, R., Hayes, W.C., Hovy, L. and Kurtlr, A.A.: Phenotypical

charactsrizatir:n of c-kit receptsr d*ficifirt m*$se fen:ora usirrg non-desh***ve, high-resalutiri:: imaging

techniques and biomech*ni+ai testing. Tcchnol. llealth Care, 8(5i: 26l-275,?**0.

183. Kurrh, A,i{.A., Warrg C., I{ay*s, 1{,C., Shea, M,: I'he waluatior: cf a rat model for the analysis +f densitornetric

*rd biom*rhanical prope*i* af tuaror-irrdr:ced rsteolysis. J, Orthop. Res.,19 $): 2S0-?{}5, 2001.

184. Smeesferg C., Hayes, W.C., and McMal':ar, T.A: The tlreslrold trip dwaticn for which r&cove:y is no lo*gerpossibi* is associaled witfu strength ard reaction tirr:e. .1. Bi*rnech., 3a ($: 589-595,2$01.

I85. White, KN* Curter, K.8., Hayes, W.C., a*d Snow, C.M.: The quick st$p: A aew test far rnoasuring reaction

lir*e and lat*ral stepping velociry. J. Appi. 8io:*ech.,2S01.

! 86. l,*wa*dr+xksi, K,U., Bondre. S.P., Slrea M., Uatch, C.M-, Hayes, W.C.. Hile, S-D., Wisc, D.L., arrd ?ta*tcio,D,J.: Compositr poly (lactidelhydroxylapatite scr&ws for fixatior cf +sleochend:tl osteotomies: Ar*orphometric, histalogic a*d radi*graphic study ir: sh**p. j. 8i*r:,ater. Sci. Folym. Ed. 13 (li): l24l-1258,?iilt)z.

187. Lewandrcwski K. U.; Bondre S.P,, Shea M., Untch C.M., Hayes 1V.C., Eile D.D., lYise, D.L., and Trantolo" S.J.:Ca:nposite rtsorbable poiyr*er/irydroxylapatit+ composite screws f*r fixatian of *st*cchondlal osteotsa?ies.

Eiomed. Mater. Eng. 12{4};423438, 20S2.

188. Gurrier, K.B,,De Cosla, J,L., White, K.N., Hooker, K., Hayes, W.C., and Srow, C.M.: Balance self- efYicacy

predicts risk Iactors for sid+ f*lls - and ftequent f*lls in *+rnmunity dwoili rg eld*rly, J. Aging Fh)ts. Act,i I l;28-39,20*3.

i89. Fenarj, D.A, Wilsar:, D.R., *nd l{ayes, W. C, ?ire effect of roiease of th+ popliters aact quadriceps force on

rotation of the knee. CIin. Orthop. Rela{- Res, 412:225*733,2003.

1?0. Kaag K.*i., White K,N., Hay+s W.C., and Snow, C.M.: Agility and b*lance diffcr betweorr older c*ramuniry and

rslirems*t faciliS residenls. J" Appl. Gerontol. 23 i4): 45746?,2tt*4,

t9l. Wilson, D,, Msses, 1., Zilbsiarb, J", aild Hayes, 1V.C, Mechanix of ccracoacromial ligament transfer foracromisciayicular joirrt r:rjuries. J, Bismech. 3 fi : 6 I 5{ I 9, 2005.

i92. Ku:th A,A., Kim SZ., Slea M., Bauss F., Haycs W.C,, and Muller R.: Proverrtative ibandronate :reatme&{ has ttre

mcst bsaaiicial effect on the microstnrcfirre of bcfie in experhneutal &rmor *stcolysi* J. Barle Miner" Metab.?5 {2}:8S-92, 20$?.

193. Ka, S.U.. Gu*&r KB., Costeilo M., Aum H., Maelonald $., White, K.N., Sncw, C.M., and Hays lV.C.: Saidewidth discriminates gait of side-fallers c$ffparcd to other-dileated fallers dr:ring overgound ualki*g, J Agingllealth. 19(2); ?*#-212, 2*S?.

194. Smeasters, C., Huyo, W.C., *nd McMahon, T.A.: Determining fall direstion a*d impact tocation for various

dis,turbances and gait speeds ming the *rticulated total body madel. J. Biomech. Eng,129{3}: 3g}-399,78{t7,

195. Erickscn M.S. and }iayeq W"C.: Darnage-based collision seve'ity reconstructior (For uso when cnshmeasur€renfs are cnly available for cr:e vehicle). Cqllision: The lnten:atjonal Comperrdium for Crash

Resctr*h" 2(1): 34-36, 2SS7.

196. Bauer, J.J., ?avol, M.J., Snow, C.M,, a*d He1es, W.C.: MRl-derived bady segrrent parame{ers rf children di{ferbctr+'ee* age*b*sed estinates dprived using photograrametry. J. Biome+h. 40: 29$4-2910, ?$*7.

t 97. Eriekso;l M.S. and Hayes, W.C.: The ir*slications ef aclive c*ntrol tethnology f*r crash reconsfri:cfiaa. Accid.Recanstr; J.: l8{t}: 19-23,?008.

198. Erickson M.$. and Hayes, !ff.C.1 Drag factor attsnuation far roteting vehiclEs. Accid. Recsnslr.J, l8(3): l9-?3,?008.

*rr-

v!t-?u r/.r a -'v! vuuvlr_9va uuu!:t rrur t! J:! i taLu vur r, I as I qtJL JU v, fr

5/?V?or 8

199. Akeso*i W", Bnck'walter, J., llayes, W., Wright, ?.1 Celebrating 25 year* *f *dvancing orthopaedic rcseaieh, J.

Orthop. Res.26 (2): 141-142,20S8.

2S0. Ericksc$, M.S., Bauer, J,L, aad Hayes, W.C,: The aecuracy of photo-bas*d xhrec*dimensior:al seanning i*rCollisian rec,+t'is8*cticn usir:g t23D #tch, SF.fl lnt,,2Si3-CI1-0?841 1-lS, ?$13.

201, Lee, P.J., Lee, E.L., Hayes, ?ir.C.: llhe ralio of thoracic to lurnbar corpressisn force is posf$ie dependenl Ergon.

56{5}: 832-841,2A13,

2*2, Lee,E.L., Leq P.J., Ericks**, M.S., Hayes, W.C.: lnrcase in vehic]e fro$t, te&r, ar:d side stif*tess coefficiants in

rhepastlwentyyeai:necessitatesnawrspresentativodatabase. SAEInt,2014-01$351: l-6,?S14.

2*3. Lee,E.L., Lee, P,J,, llayes, W.C,: Iiead acceleratians in ou{-af-pos'ition pcsrr:res i* iorv speed rear irnp*cts: Accmparison between v*lunteer dal* n:rd CATB si*ulation. SAH tsri 2014-01-*4?0: l-1"?*14.

2*4, Loe,E.L., Hayeq W,C.: Occupant accelemti*ns a*d injury pole*tiai durir':g an amb*lsnce-t$'curb impart,F*rensic lnt, 737 : e5-e1 0, 201 4.

Submi{tcd ftir Publieatian

L*e. P.J., L*e, 8.L., Hayes, W.C.: A s)ip xliite turning ca* produce a forward fall and frontal injuries. Saf, Sci., 2813.

8. Chapters *nd Proe*ediugs

,. Hayr:sn 1Il.C.: St'ain gage *ppll*atianr i* bone, In: Eiomedical applicati**s, carbort $tyets gage$, p*lscd excitatiorr,

and wireless datx coupling. Pros. Westeru Rqgional $**in Gage Commitlee (ed, Paui I{. Adamsi. Soc. farExpex'imental $tress Analysis, W*tport, CT, pp. 22-28,1973.

2. I(a:re, T.lt., llayes, W.C., Priest, J.D.: Sxper*ure*tal dcte,n*1n*tion of forees exerttd !i: tenrris play. irt:

Biomechanics fY (eds., R.C. Nelson ard C.A. More,irouse). University Park Pr*ss, Baltimore. ?84-?9A,W74.

3, Nagel, D.A., Ferk*sh, I., Piei*li, R.L., aad llayes, W.C.: Mecl':anics cf dsrsal-l*mbarspine injr:ries: A preli:r:inaryrcpod. Froc. 19th Conf. Assoc. AutGMid", 1975.

4, Hayes, W.C.: Bio:nechanical measurcmentt af bane. tn: CRC Handbook of Engineoring i:: Medicir:e and

Biol*ry, S*ction B; Insfruments and Me*sur*:'n**ts {eds., A. Burst*in and E. Sahaiuk}. CRC Ftt*4 C}vveland,

Yoi. l, 333-372,1978.

5. Hayes, 1V.C,: Abr:ormal j*iat biomeckanics in osteoarthritis. In: The l{urnan Joint in Xsa}& and }isease ied.,W.H, $imon). University *f Pennsylvania Ptess, pp, 13$.14I, 197*,

6. Hayes, 1il.C": Theoretical modeling a:d design cf irnplant systems. Proc. Workshop on Mechanical Failure ofTota} Joint Replarement- Am- Acad. Orlhop. Surg. Docuncent 915-9?8' 159-l?9, 1978.

1, t{ayos, W.C. and Cartor, D.fi..: Eiornx}ranics of bone. In: Ske}etal Research: An Experinr*rtat Approac}r (eds.,

DJ, Simmons and A.S. Kurrin). Academic Press, Nerv York, pp. 253-30;A,1979.

*. H*yx, W.C.; *i+rnechanics of fracture freatment. In: Fra*t*re Healing ard Trcatment {ed., R.B. Flepp*nsta}l}.W.B. Saurrders, Philadelphia, pp. l?4- 172, I $8fl .

g. Wright, T.M. and Hayes, w'C": Mectlanics of *acture arrd fracture pr*pagatio*. ln: Scientific Foundations ofO*hapacdics, Clapter 31 {*ds., 0. Saodfellow and F. Bulloug}:}. Witliani }l+irremann Medigal *ooks, Lld",Lo*do:r, pp. ?52-258, 1 980.

10. Hayes, W.C.: Basic bio:nech*nics ofccmpressio* piale fixrticn, In: Currenl Cor*epts of Internal Fixation ofFr*sture$ (cd., H.K, Ulrth*l$" Sprir:ger-Yerlag" New York- pp. 49-62, 1980.

- t8 -

3S.

Jt

33,

34.

35.

36.

tt.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44;

9f,I3{fJ..U t C4tJr *rV

s/21/2*i8Chueh, fl.C., BarneEt, C.O., Hayes, W.C., and Beck, W.S.: Hemavid: A flexiblc compuxe:rbased iuier*ctive vid*o

resourss for hernatalost. iri: Synrposirr* for Computer Applications in Medical Care. Washirtgtorr, *C,November, I988.

Cheal, 13.J., Lct& J.C., Edrryards. W.T., Kn+pf, K.11", *nd I'layes, W.C.: Finite elEmrst mod*Ii*g of fuii*repfi)cosscs in th* *keleton. in: Computation*l Mechanics, 1988 {eds., S.N. Atluri and $. Yagawa}.Springer-Verlag, Vol. 2, pp 61-64, 1988.

Rohlmann, 4,, Cheai, H.J., Llaycs, W.C., and Bcrgmnrr*" G.: A non-li***r, finite element rnodel ibr i*terftce$tresses in total hip rcplaceine*ts. Iff Materiai Properties, *nd S*ess Analysis in Biomecher':irs (ed., A.t.Yettram). Brunel University, Lcndon, pp 203-213, 19S9.

Chcal, 8.J., Gerhart, ?.N., *rd llayes. W.C.: Failrr* a*alysis cf a p*rtus c.oated pateilar c*r*:ponecx. in:Con:put*tional Meii:ads in Eioe*gineerisg - BED-Val. 9 (eds., R.L. Spilker and B"R" Simon). ?he Am*ricanSocieiy of Mechaaical Ergi::eo*, Ncw Yar*, BookNo. G00458, pp.2l l-2?i, 1989.

Che*I, 8.3., Oerhart, ?.N,, and Hayes, W.C.l Trab+cular b**e rcrn+*rlirrg aro**d smo*th arrd porouscarbcr:-**rbon irnpl*nts. In: ]989 ASCE/ASME Mechanics Symposiurn (eds., P.A. Trxzilli and hrl.ll.Friedraa:r). ?heAmerican Society of Mechanicai Eagiaoers, New Yolk, pp. 293-296, 1989.

Hayes. W.C., i:hberti H.!1., Leiv*llcn, il.C." Riegger, C.L., a*d Myers, E.R.: Palellsfemonlco;rfact prcs$Hrc$

and the slfects af surgica! recoris*risliv* procedurcs. lu: Ki:ee Arthr*scopy (ed, 3.W. f,wi:rg) l?sm theSristolMyers Symposium ** A:licular Cartilage **d Knec Joi:rt Functioa: Basic Science **d A*hroscapy.Raven Fress, New York, pp, 57-17, 199$.

Snyder, B"D-, anct l{ayes, W.C.: h,{u}tiaxial str*cture-prapsrty rs}*tions in lrabesular bo*e. h:: Bi+rrechanic* ofDiarlhrodial Joints {eds., V.C. Mcw, A. Ratrtiffq ard S. L.-Y. Woo) Springer-Verlag New York, Volume II,pp.3l-59, 1990.

Heyes, W"C., Myers, S,R., Grccrlspan, 5"L., Robix*vit+h, $.N,, and MrMaho*o T.A.: Biomech*ilics of h.ip

*acture risk. Proc. CDC Symp, on i:rjury lrevenlion Thrtugh Biomecharics (ed. K. Yeng)" Wayne StateUniversiry, Detroit MI, pp. 3547, 1991.

Ilayes, W.C., Piazza, S-J., and Zysse! P.K: Biomechanics of Facture risk predictiorr using quaniilative computedtomography. 1rr: Radiological Clirics +fNorth Am*riea (ed D.1. Rcscnthal). W.B. Saundprs, Phiiadelphia- ?9:l-18, 1991.

Hayes, W.C.r Biomeuharics of cortical and lrabecular bcne: lmpli*ations f*tr *ssessm$nl of frec*r* risk. ln: EastcOrthopaedic llio*tehanics (eds., V.C. Mow, and W.C. t{ayes} fiayer Fress, New York pp. 93-142, 199},

I{ipp, J.A., Cheal, *.J.; and Hay*s, W.C,l Biomechanics of *acrares. In: Skeletal Tmcrna (ods., B.D. Brow*er,J.B" Jupiter, A.M. Levin+, and P"O. Trefton) W,S. $auftders Company, Philadelpt'ri*, pp. 95-l?5, 199|,

Myers, E.R., Creenspail, 3.L:, aad Hayes, W.C.: Bicmecharios of hip fiaclure risk. Prcc. Seccnd CIC Symp, onInjury Prevention ?hrough Biontechanics {pd. K. Yang). Way*e Slate Uriversity, Det?oh MI, pp. 4146, t992.

Keave*y, ?.M" and Hayes, W.C.: Meclunical properties *f corgi*al a*d trabecuiar bclre. in: Bone Yolums VIl:Bone Growth€ {sd" B.K .Hall), CRC Pr*ss, Boca Rafcn, pp.285-344, 1992.

Hayes, W.C., Robincvitch, SN., and McMahon, T.A.: Energr*shunting hip padding tystem reduces femom!irnpact f+rcc from a simulated fall 1o balorv fiactrrre tkeshuld. Froc. fhird CIC Syn:pcsiurx on fu$uryPrevention Through Biomechanics (ed., I(. Y*g), Wayne State Univcrsify, Detroit, MI, pp. 147-152,1993.

Kaplan, F.S., lJaye*, W.C,, Keaveny, T,M., Boskey, A., Einhorn, TA., and lannotti, J.P.: Form and Fmrcfion of3one. In: Orthopa*dic Basic Science. (ed., $,R" $im*n) Am. Academy af O*hop. $urg- Ro*amonl IL, pp,w-ra, t9g4.

Hayes, W.C.: Biomechanics of fails and hip fracture Freventiorr irr the eldcrly. Proc. AAOS Worksfup +nPreve*tiar of Falls and Hip Fraclures in t?re Elderly {eds., D.F. Apple *r:d W.C. i{ayes), AAOS, Chicago, Il",pp.4I45, 1994.

d{

-2* -

5!?ttz*1*C*rperter, J.ff., fuiyeru, 8.R., Cerhari. T.N., Yeil, H.S., M*r::is, J.?$., and llayes, lV.C.: Ir*::ctiarai cut+c*Tc clhip

fract*rss i* the elderiy. Prac. AAOS W*rksh+p ox Prey*.riion *f ]ialls and l-iip Praclures i* th* ffderiy {eds.,l).F. Apple *nd W-C. Hayes), AAflS, Cl'iicagc, IL, pp. *5-91,1994,

R*I:i*ovitch, .$.N., Myers, E"ll., Kiel, *.P., Gre*nsp*:r, $.L., i"l*yes, W.C.: llip kacture prev*rltisn fr*::: lalls i:rthe elel*riy" Fr+c. Fourth CIIC Syn:rposiurn on Irrjury Preverxion 'i'hrcugh Bi+*e+haaics {eS., K. Ya:rg}, W*yneSiate U*$versily, I)etmil, ivll, pp, '7?-81,19*4.

48, Hayes, W.C.: Age-relnted hip fr*ct*es: $i+merhanics of fr*c!u:e lisk, In: Bone F*rinati*ri and Rep*ir {eds. C-T.

Brighton, S. ilriedlaendeq J.M, L*ne), Prac. AACS Wo:'kshop cn B+n* flealing and Rege*erafir:n, pp.

4*5-49*,1994.

49. lvlyers; *.R. a*d l"Iayes, 1U.C.: Age-r+latsd fiip *ctures. Cu*'e*i Opini+t in Orthop., 5r9-15, l*?4.

Y{xze*rski, M..J., Mik*s, A,fi,, Pa;,re, It.*., arid **yes, lil,C.: Bi*ekgr*d*bie poll'tx* rsl:lposilcs f*r {ealpcraryieplacemer:t cf trebe*uiar b*i:+: J]:e elfbct *f polyn'*r fi:+Iecular weig?rt orr c*npcsite strength a*d xtodtilus,

ix Proc. Materlats Researrh Society $ympasium *n Bier:Tateiials f*r Drug aud Csll llrlivcry {eds. A{i Mikas,R Idixphy, Xl i}**:sl*i*, ?.iA Fepra*). ?ittsb*r'g}'*, YoL 331, pp. ?51-255, i994.

Ikplan, F.$., Hayes. W.C., I{eaveay, ?.M., Boskey, A., Sin}r*rn,'I.A,, and lannct{i, J,P.: Fo:m arrd fi::'t+li*l't *fb+rrc. In: $:rfuopaedic,Basic $rie*ce,2i:d fld. A:n- Aca**ny +f Srthop. Surg, R*sent*nl, iL., pp. I2?-)84,1*94.

Ilayes, W.C, a*d Myer+, E.R.: Bio:nechsrics cf &actutes. In: Ssleop*resis: Stisl+gy, Siagnosis and Managetr:*tt

Pnd lkliti*n), {ec}s. B.L, Riggs, L.J, Mclicp lil}, I-ippincott-Raven Pub}ishcrs, Pitii*de}phia, pp. 93-l 14, } 995.

Iilipp, J.A., Springiicld, D., and itay+s, W.C.: Predicti:rg path+i+gic F*cture risk in the mariag*menl *f rn*tast*ticb*ne defect . In: Pr+c. $yrnp. *l Sk*le*l Ca*cer h{etast*sis: ttec*:tt *xp*nsi*:: af r:rtiuipedir: expertise (eds.

Drs. Ono and Glasko), Clin. Ofihap., 312:120-135, 1995.

Sraeier, D.D., Lei&i, Y.K., Cerirart, TN., Altobeili, D.E., and l-Iayes, W.C.: irr vivo deyadali+* of a

poly(prcpylen* fr:rr*rcte) bia*ryr*dable p*rti$ulax* compcsit* b+ne cemenl. 1*: Prop. Matel':a] Resenrch

Scciery Syrrp. on Poly::ers i* Medieine and ?har*'lacy {eds. Aff Mikas, KW Leong, MJ Yasz.emski, JATam*de, ML Radomsky), Malerial li:esearch Saciety, Fiftsburgh, V*1. 394:15-:9, 1S95"

Yaszemski MJ" Payne &S, A.ufdemcrle TB, Hayes WC, Langcr & Mikos AG: The in-vitro nreclrar:ical slrengih

and in vivc b*rre ingr+uth of a drgr*diag polymeric compasile bicmaterial- lrr: Prrrr, Materi*tl iiosearch Saciety

S1tnp. *rr Polia:r+rs in Medi*ine ar:d Pharmacy {ed*. AG Mikas, KW Lecag MJ Y*szexski, JA T*mada* MLRador:sky)" Material Researca- Society, Pittsburglr, Y *1, 394:21 .J4, I 995.

B+uxsein, M.I-., Myers, 8.R., and l{ayes, W.C.: Biameeha*ics af ag*.re}atrd {i'act*res: It:: Gsteoparcsis {eds., ilMar'+ns, D. Frldm*n* J. Kel*y! Ac*demic Press, Sau Diega, pp. 373-393, 1995.

Goldberg YM, 3r*ckwalt*r JA, I-layes WC, I(avrl KJ: Crthapaedic chaileages in aa aging p+p*lation, Prac AAO$lrs*uclic*al Lectures {ed. S. Sprixg*e}d}. AAOS, ftoscmo*t, Vol. 46:4i?-422,199"1.

#ayes, 1V.C, ar,d Myers, fl.'R.: Biameci:arrical **nsiCerations *f hip **d spi:rc lraclure i* osk+p*r*tic box*. ProcAAOS lnstr.ucti***l Lectures (ed, D. Springfield). AAOS, Rcsem*nt, V+i. 45:43 i-438, 19*7.

i{ayes, trY-C., Sncw, C,M., McMah+n, ?.A,: 1'oward a definitisfi of ir*pact Ioatiing in exercisc studies ol bon+.

A3M* Bi**ng. Ma:g, Sun Riv*r, OIi* Juns, 199?.

Hayeq W.C, and Bruxsein; M-L.: Bicr:rsch*nics of co:tical and trabecular b*ne: Impiications f+r fissessmcnl *Ffracluro risk. hi: Basic Orrl'*p*edic Si*ntecha*ics, Znd Etl {sds,, V,C. Maw a*t} W.C. }Iaye:}, Lippinco*-Ravea Fublishers- Philad*}phia, pp. S?-1 1 l, l9*?.

ltipp, J.A. **d l{*yes, W,C,: Biox*clar:iics af *sctues. in: Ske}eial Traurra, 2*d Ed {eds.- B.B. Browner, i.B.Jupiter, A.M. L*vine, P,G. Tx*oi:). W.S. $aunders Cc" Fhil*deiphia, pp. 97"129, 199?.

{f}

az

\-a

55,

56,

<nJJ.

58.

59.

6S.

s,,

!* alLf i il l.!J r trlru a.a i;l ?-r

5/?l&sI862" M*etler, R,A, a:rd *Iayes, W,C.: Biornecha*ical competence olmicr+stlu+turai bono in {he progress of adaptive

bone r*n:ad+ting. Froc, int't $oo. for Oplical H*gineering (SPIF.) Annu*l Meetirrg. In: S*vo1*prtren{* in xraytomagraphy (ed., U Bonse), SPIE, B*lii*gham, WA, pn, 3149:69-81 , 1997,

63. Lau'itzen, I.8., l{ayes, W.C.: Chapter 25: Hip prolectors. *i: }v{a::agement of Severly Cstecporot}c Boxe,Ortlape*ic and Fha*Nacologic Strategies (ed. I(. Sbrant) Sprixger-Ya"lag l,cndcn Lirriieci. pp. 353-36i,2000.

64. Hipp, J.A and }Iayes, W.C,: Ch*pter 4: Biorncchanics +f *actarcs. Ia: Skeletal 'lrauma: Basic Science,Managern*nt, and Rrconshuction, 3d Ed 1*ds,, 3.8. Browner, J.B. Jupiter, A,M. L*virre, I).C. Traffon). W.B.$aunders Co., Plrii*delphia, PA.,2SS3, pp. 90-l i9.

65' Brickmaa, D.*,, Power, $" D,, and Heyas, 14r,C.: ?oy a$pe,Eg*s spear risk analysis, 2005 ASME IntsxatiririalMecb*ilical Eagineering Co*g:ess erd R$&D Expo. Orlando, FL, November?$05, pp. t-8.

66. Hayes W.C., Erickson" M.$., Powet, E.D,: Farensi* i*jary biomechenics. Ip: Arui*al Rsview cf Sicmedi*aiHnghrering, Vol" 9:55-*6n Palo Aita, C4.,2007, trP['il

67. Hipp, J.A. and }{ayes, W.C.: Chapter 3: Bismpch#iics of fractrres. inl Skeietal Trauma: Basic Scie*ce"Marrag**exl, and Reconstru*ticn,4+l'Ed, Yal. I {eds, B.I}. *row*er, J.B. J*piter, A.M. Lsvi:re, P,C. "l-raflo*,

C. Krettek) Sau*d*rs Elsevier, Phil*delphia, ?A.,2008, pp. 5l -Bt,

68, Lee; P.J, Lee, E.L.,.aad Hayes, W.C,: Biomechanical trade-*fft in rsalu*l maierial handlir:g: Some taskr reduceir:mbar lo*ding but i*crease th*racic loading. Pr*ceedings of lhe Hurnarr faciors a*d Erganomics $oci+ty 5$r[

Annu*I Meeting,20t2, pp t 192-1 195,

C. Sooks

L Mow, V.C., and H*yes, W.C.: Basic Orlhopa*dic Biomechanies. Ravsn Press, New Yar'( 1991.

2. Apple, D.F., *nd H*yes; W.C^: Frcysqtion of Falls and Hip Frac{xres i* *e Eldcrly, Am*rica* Acadany ofOrthapaedic Suigeons, Chicagq I 994.

3. Mcw, Y.C,, a:td Hayes, WC.: Basie Orthopaedic Bionechanics, Second Sditiox. Lippincctt-Raven Publishers;New York, 199?.

D. Patexts

I, I**1,ss, W,C.: Sound to light vi*xal vocailzatian syster{}. U.S. Patsnt 3,572,9t9, 1971.

2. $agg, G", Kl*sser, B-, Ljungqurst, D.L., and Ilayes, W.C.: Splem fur mini-atryriserad elektrosichandelserailaare. Swerii*r Pat€nt ?4 : 07 65-7 , lgi4.

3. G*rhart, TN., and Ha1,es, W.C.: Bioerodible impiant composition. U.$, Pa!*lt 4,843,11e tgS?,

4. Gerlu#, T.N, and Haye*, 'WC,; Biocrodable irnpla*t con:pcsition comprising crosslinked biodegradablepolyestex. U.S. Paieat 5,085,861, 1992.

5. Hayes, W.C.: hitrarrr*dullary n*iling method arrd apparat**" U.S. Pateilt 5,100,404, 1992.

6^ Gerha$, T.N., Lanrencin, C.?., Do*:b, A.I., Langer, R.$., a*d Hayes, lV.C.l Bioerodible polymers for drugdelivery in bo*e. U,S. Fatent 5,286,763,1994.

"l- Hayes, W.C., Robinovitcfu S.N., and McMahoq ?.A,: Bone *acture preventiorr $etl]sd. U.S. Pa*en15,545,128,199*.

8" Hayes. 3.C., Robir*vitcl:, S.N", and MqMahon, T.A.: Bone fracturs prevex-tion garment and methact. U.S, Paterrt5,599-?90,1997"

.rdl{alt, }.r.-*. , .{*, "ul$r!}.vv-!}lqr,&. La\luilrr ?rfr., ti .(!& , }$!ir.tl .tr!1, ;t , , +u I arlrf, .{L, ,Ur rhit

s' McMah+ru ?.&., fisbins'itslu $.N., *n4 Flqlu, -w.c.r T*g'*e*{st*rt liak u.& Fatwt j,?12,*l I, ,*$*. '&'ao'810, Ca&r, D.H,., Sefirpre, G.$: Srld ltaye*, W.C.: incrsasing hne SEcelrE lwis*ace byrEea&d amliratipaof lswmagrd$&fucesresembtirgeaur&afslses:us.pdtelt5,?5?,,?25, lsgs. "

Lrm updra:.S!8lttLrxrc+'ifwd*ro: Jill#I8

-23 -

$hrshr ITSHI ru*.

Arm Span:

Akimbo:

l,,mhr',"l

89.$ -Percentile [/laleHngllsh Units (inches and pounds)

$ource: The Measure of Man and WgJnan

HyAlvin R. Tilley, Henry Oreyfues AssociatosAll values are for subjeds 20 - 65 yeare of age

"'No values $iven

&mru'ffiffi trffiffiffi$,ffi@ Gopyright 2001 by David N^ Drasser

Henry Oreyfues Asrociatesfluman Factors Fi0ura -'lS/10101