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President Barack Obama’s first visit to India has generatedgreat excitement and greater expectations in India. WithIndia-U.S. relations transforming into a robust strategic part-nership, such widespread sentiments are only natural. Eventwo decades ago, it was almost unimaginable that India andthe U.S. could have such a partnership, with shared values ofdemocracy, basic freedoms, pluralism and rule of law at its core.

In the evolving international situation, these shared valueshave guided the world’s largest and the world’s oldest democ-racies in building a mutually beneficial partnership — in the interest not only of the two countries but also of the world.

India-U.S. relations have deepened in virtually all areas ofcooperation — trade, investments, education, health, energy,defense, counterterrorism, space, agriculture, science andtechnology and peaceful uses of nuclear energy. The India-U.S. Civil Nuclear Agreement has emerged as a centerpiece ofour partnership. It has allowed us to realize the full potentialof our bilateral cooperation and has opened opportunities towork even closer together in areas like energy security, climatechange and nuclear nonproliferation.

India has assigned two sites for building nuclear reactors, incooperation with U.S. companies, and signed the Conventionon Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage. It istime now for businesses to take commercial negotiations forward.

India is now a major buyer of U.S. military-technical equip-ment. We have already concluded contracts worth $4 billion.These purchases have created 50,000 jobs in the UnitedStates. India has also become a significant export market forU.S. goods, helping ensure more employment. Discussions fordefense procurements of a similar amount are under way.

India and the United States have instituted regular talks onissues relating to Afghanistan, East Asia and new globalthreats and challenges, including terrorism and nuclear prolif-eration. We also discuss how we can work together for the de-velopment of Africa. In the larger Asian and global context,

we have begun bilateral, exploratory meetings on how to as-sure the safety of the global commons — including maritimesecurity and protecting both outer space and cyberspace.

Some people have said that the warmth and closeness ofbilateral relations seen during the Bush administration wouldnot continue. Such doubts are misplaced. There is clear bi-partisan support in Washington for a stronger India-U.S. part-nership, just as there is broad political support in India.

What is happening today is continued reinforcement of thetransformation of our relationship — which began during Pres-ident Bill Clinton’s presidency and gathered steam underPresident George W. Bush.

Some have pointed out that issues like outsourcing mark anew backsliding in relations. But these issues need to be seenfrom the right perspective. Two-way trade has doubled in thepast five years and is broadly balanced, including in services.Indian investments of $25 billion over the same period havedirectly generated or saved more than 65,000 direct jobs inthe United States and many more indirectly.

Our relations are based on a rare level of respect and under-standing. The world is going through a time of fragile eco-nomic recovery, and it is understandable that growingunemployment could create pressures for protectionist meas-ures. We believe that the way forward lies in creating a posi-tive-sum game — creating jobs and prosperity in both countries.

Now, as a major leap forward in our partnership, the peopleof India are keenly looking forward to Obama’s visit. Ourshared values and the tempo of our continuing cooperationin diverse areas give us confidence that the president’s visitwill prove to be a milestone — not only in consolidating whatour two nations have accomplished together, but also in pro-viding a vital opportunity to make further progress in ourshared international agenda, including genuine reform of in-ternational institutions to make them reflective of currentgeopolitical realities and enabling them to deal with futurechallenges.

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$es, we can”, an-nounced the head-line of an Indian dailythe day after the US

President Obama concludedhis historic visit to India on No-vember 9. Perhaps no otherphrase best sums up the newdimension that PresidentBarack Obama has added toIndia-US relations during hisfour-day Indian sojourn. Whether we look at it from

the Indian or the Americanpoint of view, India-US relationshave now reached a stagewhere the two countries canjointly raise the “Yes, we can” slo-gan popularized by PresidentObama, then Senator Obama,during his 2008 Presidential campaign.While India welcomes, among

other things, President Obama’sendorsement of India’s wish for akey role at the UN high table – aPermanent Seat on the SecurityCouncil – the United States on its part is delighted thatIndia had hailed President Obama’s idea of making India-US relations “the defining partnership of the 21st century”.During his visit, President Obama emphasized that the

partnership that the US had been seeking with India isboth political and economic. By hailing India’s historic roleof speaking up for the democratic and human rights ofpeoples who cannot do so on their own, and urging Indiato not only “look East” but also to “engage the East”, Pres-ident Obama clearly indicated that the US sees India play-ing a leadership role in the world in spreading andupholding the common values shared by the two coun-tries – commitment to democracy and rule of law and re-spect for fundamental human freedom.At the same time, President Obama strongly underlined

the key economic role that India could play in reviving theUS economy, creating jobs for Americans, and contribut-ing to the overall economic and financial stability of thehighly integrated global economy, while at the same time,reaping for itself the benefits of closer economic, tradeand investment ties with the United States.“The United States sees Asia – and especially India – as

a market of the future,” the President declared at a busi-ness summit between Indian and American businesses or-

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ganized during his visit. “We don’t simply welcome yourrise – as a nation, and a people – we ardently support it.We want to invest in it. And I’m here because I believethat in our interconnected world, increased commerce be-tween the U.S. and India can be and will be a win-winproposition for both nations,” President Obama said.“… In 2010, trade between our countries is not just a

one-way street of American jobs and companies moving toIndia. It is a dynamic, two-way relationship that is creatingjobs, growth, and higher living standards in both ourcountries. And that is the truth,” President Obama added.To achieve this shared goal of growth for both the

economies, President Obama urged India to steadily re-duce any existing barriers to trade and investment.In reply, India made clear that she too was willing to say

“Yes, we can” both politically and economically. At theJoint Press Conference held by Prime Minister Dr. Manmo-han Singh and President Obama on November 8, 2010,this was clearly evident. Speaking first, Prime Minister

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Singh said: “President Obama yesterday characterized theIndia-US partnership as one of the defining and indispen-sable partnerships of the 21st century. In my discussionwith the President, we have decided to accelerate thedeepening of our ties and to work as equal partners in astrategic relationship that will positively and decisively in-fluence world peace, stability and progress.”The Prime Minister went on to emphasize that “Presi-

dent Obama is a sincere and a valued friend of our coun-try, and our discussions have led to a meeting of minds.Ours is a partnership based on common values and inter-ests, a shared vision of the world, and the deep-rooted tiesof friendship among our two peoples. I look forward toworking with the President to realize the enormous poten-tial of this partnership of our two countries.”

��!�The first-ever visit of a U.S. President to India, that ofDwight D. Eisenhower in 1959, was a big success with thePresident spending almost a week in India and enjoyingimmense popularity wherever he went. The visit was ahuge success, say old-timers, with Prime Minister Jawahar-lal Nehru and President Eisenhower getting on very well.India-US relations were often viewed through the nar-

row prism of geopolitical equations, the Cold War and theNon-Alignment Movement (NAM), and India’s alliance withthe erstwhile Soviet Union during the first three decadesof her independence. What is often ignored is the eco-nomic basis of this relationship.“In 1951, India formally initiated its development pro-

gram with the launch of the First Five-Year Plan. TheUnited States, which was by then the undisputed leader ofthe free world, had high hopes of India. The consensusview in the US was that whereas East Asian economies,such as the Republic of Korea, were likely to turn intobasket cases, India and Africa would quickly grow out ofpoverty. The scholarly community also shared this US gov-ernment view,” writes internationally reputed US econo-mist of Indian origin Arvind Panagariya in his book India:The Emerging Giant.“Yet, by 1980, the tables had been turned. In the early

1960s, the Republic of Korea decisively switched from aninward-looking, import substitution industrialization strat-egy to a policy of aggressive outward orientation. The re-sults were spectacular: Its per capita gross domestic

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�"��"��Eisenhower came calling in December 1959 during his Asia tour. In his address to the IndianParliament, he spoke of “a great awakening” in which the world has come to recognize “thatonly under a rule of moral law can all of us realize our noblest aspirations”. India’s first PrimeMinister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru hosted Eisenhower. In his arrival message, Eisenhower said: “Infulfilling a desire of many years, I pay in person America’s tribute to Indian people, to theirculture, to their progress and to their strength among independent nations.”

�� #��Richard Nixon was the second President to visit India. Making a one-day trip in July 1969,President Nixon was hosted by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

��$�� In January 1978, Jimmy Carter was the third President to visit India. A peanut farmer,President Carter visited Daulatpur village in Haryana. Carter’s mother Lillian Gordy Carter usedto be a regular guest at the village headman’s house when she worked in India as a PeaceCorps volunteer. Carter and First Lady Rosalynn visited the home where Lillian had stayedand presented the village with its first television set. Daulatpur was renamed Carterpuri tocommemorate the presidential visit. Prime Minister Morarji Desai was India’s Prime Minister then.

��In March 2000, Bill Clinton became the fourth U.S. president to visit India. Accompanied bydaughter Chelsea Clinton, his five-day trip was the longest by a U.S. President. PresidentClinton’s visit also marked a watershed in India-U.S. relations, with trade and business drivingthe relationship to a new high.

��"�� George W. Bush was the fifth U.S. President to visit India, in March 2006. An ardent supporterof India, President Bush in a speech at New Delhi’s historic Purana Qila said: “In my country,some focus only on one aspect of our trade relationship with India: outsourcing. It’s true thatsome Americans have lost jobs when their companies moved operations overseas... Somepeople believe the answer to this problem is to wall off our economy from the world throughprotectionist policies. I strongly disagree... We’re helping to create millions of new jobs in bothour countries by embracing the opportunities of a global economy…”

President Barack Obama’s visit to India was the sixth by a U.S. President sinceDwight D. Eisenhower became the first to come visiting more than 50 years ago.Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush were the otherU.S. presidents to visit India.

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product (GDP) grew at an average annual rate of morethan 6 percent and in two decades till the end of the1970s, it virtually eliminated poverty as conventionallymeasured. In contrast, India turned progressively inward,embarked upon a major expansion of the public sector,and subjected the private sector to strict investment li-censing. The result was an average annual growth in percapita GDP of just a little above 1 percent during the1960s and 1970s. There was no change in the trend ofthe proportion of the population livingbelow the official poverty line and with thepopulation growing more than 2 percentper annum, the absolute number of poorrose,” writes Panagariya.As economists such as Panagariya, or so

many other political commentators havepointed out, the successful visit of PresidentEisenhower was based on the promise and potential thatIndia held out to the rest of the world as a functioningdemocracy with a mixed economy which despite beingbased on the notion of building a “socialistic pattern ofsociety” also accepted the benefits that dynamic entrepre-neurship can generate in a growing economy.It is, therefore, not surprising that as long as India adopted

a near-autarchic trade policy with emphasis on self-relianceat the cost of imbibing the latest available technologies andproduction processes, and a more important role for the

public sector rather than the private sector, there was littleeconomic basis for closer India-U.S. relations. Consequently,there was little incentive either on the part of the Indian orthe American establishments to address the gap that existedand to build the necessary political bridges that would bringthe two countries closer to each other. No wonder then that in the 53 years of independence till

2000, only three US Presidents visited India — Richard Nixonin 1969, Jimmy Carter in 1978 and, of course, Eisenhower in

1959. But since President Bill Clinton’s visit in 2000, therehave been two more presidential visits in just the last decade.By 2000, India had opened up her economy and

adopted market oriented policies that encouraged privateentrepreneurship. The consequences: the emergence ofIndia as a major global power in information technology, asharp rise in the country’s tele-density with the onset ofthe mobile phone revolution, a major thrust on infrastruc-ture by the Indian government as a facilitator rather thanas a market interventionist and of course, a sharp rise in

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India’s overall growth rate. The reforms in the country’spublic sector also unlocked huge resources that had hith-erto been either under-utilized or not utilized at all.The Clinton visit was recognition of all these changes on

the economic front. As a commentator pointed out: “For thefirst time, a visiting U.S. President was accompanied by alarge business delegation. President Clinton even addressedtwo different gatherings of businessmen during his visit.”But even as times were changing in India, American per-

ceptions of India too underwent a transformation. Al-though the US had imposed sanctions on India followingits nuclear test in 1998, by the time President Clintoncame to India, “the idea of isolating India had run out ofsteam”, says G. Parthasarathy, a former Indian diplomat.“Also, it was then that the prowess of the Indian IT in-

dustry and the creativity of Indians in the US had wokenup the American administration. Matters of economy au-tomatically worked themselves into bilateral negotiationsrather than because of any concerted effort from eitherside,” says Parthasarathy. The need for greater economiccooperation between the two countries and greater tradeand investment flows between the business communitiesof the two countries began to impact political perceptions.While President Clinton was the first to move the U.S.

toward neutrality in India-Pakistan disagreements, the nextvisit by President George W. Bush led to the de-hyphen-ation of India and Pakistan in U.S. perceptions apart fromimparting a monumental improvement in India-US rela-tions, thanks to the inking of the landmark civil nuclearcooperation agreement.

��"� �� The third Presidential visit to India within a decade, thatof President Obama, has probably opened the door formuch vaster India-U.S. cooperation and engagement.The rise of India as a major global economic power has

been a key determinant. Today, the US needs India asmuch as India needs America. Today, the world’s oldest democracy and the world’s

largest democracy see eye to eye on a vast swathe of politi-cal and economic issues. On the conclusion of President Obama’s visit, Prime

Minister Dr. Singh has said as much. Asked about his rap-port and friendship with both President Bush as well as

President Obama, Dr. Singh said it had everything to do withIndia’s rise as an economic power, and that what he was todaywas because of what the country had made him.“President George Bush’s attraction for India is really a tribute

to India and I find the same thing in President Obama,” thePrime Minister told journalists aboard his special aircraft whilereturning from the G-20 summit in Seoul.“When the first time I met him, President Bush introduced me

to his wife and said: ‘Laura, do you know of any other country of1.2 billion people committed to democracy, committed to re-spect for fundamental human freedom, committed to the rule oflaw and yet doing well in terms of the development agenda’?”Perhaps, he said, the same applied to Obama. “His speech

to our Parliament, his idea of India that he talked about in hisspeeches, is a reflection of the uniqueness of India as a func-tioning democracy, committed to the rule of law, committed torespect for fundamental human freedoms and yet managingto grow at a respectable rate,” the Prime Minister said. “So,this is a tribute to India and not a tribute to me. What I am isbecause what India has made me.”Thus, if today, both India and the US are ready to sing the

same tune and say “yes we can”, it is because India has emergedand is ready to demand and get in return respect and equaltreatment that one friend can demand and get from another.President Obama’s visit was, therefore, historic. Today, the

people of both the countries can expect these two greatdemocracies to increasingly be on the same page, both eco-nomically and politically.

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��*""�)�-)�%�� ('�#�'!(�“On behalf of Michelle andmyself, I want to say what anextraordinary honor it is tobe here in India. I want tothank the people of Mumbaiand all of you here today foryour extraordinarily warmwelcome. And I want to sayto the people of India howmuch we are looking for-ward to spending the nextthree days in this remark-able country and to deepen-ing the partnership betweenour two countries.

I know there’s been agreat deal of commentary onour decision to begin ourvisit here in this dynamiccity, at this historic hotel.And to those who haveasked whether this is in-tended to send a message,my answer is simply, ab-solutely. Mumbai is a sym-bol of the incredible energyand optimism that definesIndia in the 21st century.And ever since those horrificdays two years ago, the Tajhas been the symbol of thestrength and the resilienceof the Indian people.

So, yes, we visit here tosend a very clear messagethat in our determination togive our people a future ofsecurity and prosperity, theUnited States and Indiastand united.

A few moments ago,Michelle and I had the op-portunity to visit the memo-rial here and to honor thememory of those who werelost. And we also had theprivilege of meeting withsome of their families, as wellas some of the courageous

survivors. I thank them allfor joining us here today,along with so many otherswho endured the anguish ofthose four days in November.

We'll never forget theawful images of 26/11, in-cluding the flames from this

hotel that lit up the

night sky.We’ll never forget how theworld, including the Ameri-can people watched andgrieved with all of India.

But the resolve and theresilience of the Indian peo-ple during those attacksstood in stark contrast tothe savagery of the terrorists.The murderers came to killinnocent civilians that day.But those of you here riskedeverything to save humanlives.

You were strangers whohelped strangers; hostageswho worked together tobreak free and escape; hotelstaff who stayed behind toescort guests to safety; in-cluding the hotel manager,even after he lost his ownfamily; a nanny who bravedthe bullets to protect a youngboy; and Indians in uniformwho stopped the carnage

and whose colleagues madethe ultimate sacrifice.

The perpetrators wantedto pit believers of differentfaiths against one another.But they failed. Becausehere in Mumbai, the diversitythat is India’s strength wason full display: Hindus,Sikhs, Christians, Jews andMuslims protecting each

other, saving each other,living the commontruth of all the world’sgreat religions, thatwe are all children ofGod.

Those who at-tacked Mumbaiwanted to demoral-ize this city and this

country. But theyfailed. Because the very

next day, Mumbaikars cameback to work. Hotel staff re-ported for their shifts.Workers returned to theirbusinesses. And withinweeks, this hotel was onceagain welcoming guestsfrom around the world.

By striking the placeswhere our countries andpeople come together, thosewho perpetrated these hor-rific attacks hoped to driveus apart. But just as Indiancitizens lost their lives on9/11, American citizens losttheir lives here on 26/11 —along with the citizens ofmany nations. And just asour people prayed togetherat candlelight vigils, our gov-ernments have workedcloser than ever, sharing in-telligence, preventing moreattacks, and demanding thatthe perpetrators be broughtto justice.

Indeed, today, the United

States and India are workingtogether more closely thanever to keep our people safe.And I look forward to deep-ening our counterterrorismcooperation even furtherwhen I meet with PrimeMinister Singh in New Delhi.

We go forward with confi-dence, knowing that historyis on our side. Becausethose who target the inno-cent, they offer nothing butdeath and destruction.What we seek to build — towelcome people of differentfaiths and backgrounds, andto offer our citizens a futureof dignity and opportunity.That is the spirit of the gate-way behind us, which in itsarchitecture reflects all thebeauty and strength of dif-ferent faiths and traditions,and which has welcomedpeople to this city for a century.

That is the hope that intowns and villages acrossIndia, across this vast nation,leads people to boardcrowded trains and set outto forge their futures in thiscity of dreams. And that isthe shared determination ofIndia and the United States— two partners that will neverwaver in our defense of ourpeople or the democraticvalues that we share.

For just as your first PrimeMinister said the day thatthe father of your nationwas taken from you, we shallnever allow that torch offreedom to be blown out,however high the wind orstormy the tempest. We be-lieve that in America, and weknow you believe it here inIndia.”

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�ahatmaGandhi is a“hero not justto India but to

the world”, US PresidentObama wrote in the visitor’sbook after spending an en-grossed half hour touringMani Bhavan in Mumbaiwhere the apostle of ahimsa(non-violence) used to stay.In remarks in the visitor’s

book, Obama wrote: “I amfilled with hope and inspira-tion as I have the privilege toview this testament toGandhi’s life. He is a hero, notjust to India, but to the world.”President Obama’s wife

Michelle, who was with him,wrote below: “This visit willbe one that I will alwaystreasure. The life and teach-ings of Gandhi must beshared with our childrenaround the world.” The presi-dent and his wife also readthe remarks written by Amer-ican civil rights leader MartinLuther King, who stayed atthe two-storey building onLaburnum Road in May1959. President Obama and the

First Lady visited all therooms of Mani Bhavan, hissecond stop in the city afterspeaking at the Taj Hotel.While Obama was attired ina black suit with a whiteshirt and blue tie, Michellewas wearing a grey dress witha three-string pearl necklacearound her neck.The Obamas visited the

room where Gandhi livedand interacted with thetrustees. They also saw themuseum with tableaux de-picting several scenes fromGandhi’s life. Gandhi stayed in

Mani Bhavan from1917 to 1934. Hewas assassinatedin New Delhi onJanuary 30, 1948. The mu-seum houses rare memora-bilia and 50,000 books. Afterwriting in the visitor’s book,Michelle spoke to the Hon-

orary Director Dr. UshaThakkar, who took them on atour of Mani Bhavan. Earlier, the Obamas were

greeted at Mani Bhavan withgarlands. All the parallelroads leading to Mani Bha-van were cordoned off severalhours before the visit. About300 people visit the libraryand the museum everyday.

The Bhavan has preservedGandhi’s spinning wheel andother belongings. The build-ing was owned by Gandhi’sfriend and followerRevashankar JagjeevanJhaveri. In 1955, it was taken over

by the Gandhi Smarak Nidhiand later became a heritagebuilding.

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�isiting US President BarackObama addressed an India-US CEOs’ Forum at TridentHotel, Nariman Point, Mum-

bai, which was one of the hotels thatcame under attack during the 26/11terrorist attacks in the city.

�(%�&5,,�4%84�/&�4(%�2%3)$%.4:3�30%%#(“Well, thank you very much, everybody,for joining us. I’m going to be very briefhere today. This is partly because I’vegot a long speech that will immediatelyfollow this.But as I emphasized before I left the

United States, one of the biggest prioritieson this trip is to highlight the degree towhich US economic success, US job cre-ation, US economic growth is going to betied to our working with, cooperating with,establishing commercial ties with thefastest-growing economies in the world.And no country represents that promise ofa strong, vibrant commercial relationshipmore acutely than India.Obviously anybody who comes to

Mumbai is struck by the incredible en-ergy and drive and entrepreneurial spiritthat exists here. This is a commercialtown and this is an increasingly commer-cial nation. And it is so important fornot just US companies but US workersto recognize these incredible opportuni-ties and hopefully for Indian workers andIndian companies to recognize the op-portunities for them as well.So often when we talk about trade

and commercial relationships, the ques-tion is who’s winning and who’s losing.This is a classic situation in which wecan all win. And I’m going to make itone of my primary tasks during the nextthree days to highlight all the variousways in which we’ve got an opportunity Ithink to put Americans back to work,see India grow its infrastructure, its net-works, its capacity to continue to grow ata rapid pace. And we can do that to-gether, but only if both sides recognizethese opportunities.So rather than speak about these pos-

sibilities in the abstract, I’ve been having

a terrific conversation with some USCEOs who are already doing a lot ofwork here in India. I just had a chanceto meet some young Indian entrepre-neurs, as well as US and Indian compa-nies that are joint-venturing to take UStechnology and apply it in new wayshere in India, using new business andinnovative business models.

But what I’m really excited about isthe fact that we’re actually doing somebusiness while we’re here. And so be-fore I turn it over to some of the compa-nies, I’d like Minister Sharma to just saya few words and thank him and the en-tire Indian government for the incrediblehospitality that’s already been shown tome during the few hours since I’ve ar-

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rived, and I’m very much looking forwardto the remaining days ahead.After the address of President Obama,

the Indian Minister of Commerce andIndustry Anand Sharma spoke on theoccasion.

�%2%�)3�4(%�&5,,�4%84�/&�(!2-!:3�30%%#(Thank you, Excellency, PresidentObama. I’m very privileged to welcomeyou on behalf of the government andpeople of the Republic of India. Yourvisit has a special significance, becauseafter many missed opportunities in ourengagement as two nations, there hasbeen a historic embrace.We watched with admiration your

election, your commitment, your refer-ences to the values espoused by the fa-ther of the Indian nation, MahatmaGandhi, Martin Luther King, the civilrights movement, and to speak for humandignity and the values associated.Our two countries share a lot. And in

the 21st century, there are expectationsthat these two countries, which have ashared commitment to democracy, tohuman rights, pluralistic society, multi-cultural, multireligious, multiethnic, can

define the course, as the global architec-ture, political and economic, changes.We welcome what you have said as

you embarked for India about doublingthe trade, but also increase jobs. By enhanced economic engagement bothwill happen. India has reached a stagewhere I can say not with optimism butwithout any hesitation that this is acountry of limitless opportunities foryour industry, for your investors to engage in.At the same time, both our countries

are fortunate that we have human re-sources. US has institutions, US hasstrengths in innovation, in high-endtechnologies, and it can be greatly re-warding for both our countries.My Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan

Singh, and the chairperson of the rulingcoalition, Sonia Gandhi, has specificallyasked me to convey the warm greetingsand welcome to you. We hope your visitwill be a path-breaking one, clearlydefining the road map of the coopera-tion between the two big democracies ofthe world.Thank you.After these two speeches CEOs pres-

ent in the meeting shared their views.

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ddressing the US-India Business Council and Entrepreneurship Summit at Trident Nari-man Point Hotel, Mumbai on November 6, President Obama made the announcement toremove restrictions on sensitive hi-tech exports, even as he declared deals worth $15 bil-lion that would support some 54,000 American jobs and seek to answer critics back home.

Obama said all the right things that would please Indians even as he told his audience back hometo shed old stereotypes about the country as growing ties with India would benefit both nations, whichhe said were set for a “defining and indispensable partnership of the 21st century”.

“We not only welcome India’s rise, but we ardently support it,” the President told the business sum-mit at Oberoi’s Trident Hotel — one of the targets of the 26/11 attackers that struck Mumbai — on thefirst day of his four-day visit to India, the first halt in a four-nation Asian tour.

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2� ,+.-�“Good afternoon, everyone.Namaste. Thank you all foran extraordinarily warm wel-come. And before I getstarted, I just want to ac-knowledge some outstandingpublic servants, some won-derful dignitaries who are inthe room. Anand Sharma,our Commerce and IndustryMinister here in India. (Ap-plause.) Khurshid Salman,the Minister of Corporate Af-fairs and Minority Affairs,who’s here. (Applause.) Dr. Montek Singh

Ahluwalia, State PlanningCommission Deputy Chair-man. (Applause.) Gary Locke,who is the Secretary of Com-merce for the United States.(Applause.) Terry McGraw, thechairman of the US-IndiaBusiness Council. (Applause.)Hari Bhartia, the president of

the Confederation of IndianIndustries. (Applause.) AndRajan Bharti Mittal, presidentof the Federation of IndianChambers of Commerce andIndustry. (Applause)On behalf of my wife

Michelle and myself, thankyou to the people of Mumbaiand the people of India forthe incredible hospitality youhave shown just in the fewhours since I’ve arrived in thismagnificent country.We are especially honored

to be here as you celebrateDiwali. (Applause) Some ofyou may know this. Last year,I was honored to become thefirst American President tohelp celebrate the Festival ofLights in the White House.(Applause.) And I know thattoday, families are lightingtheir Diyas and giving thanksfor their blessings and look-

ing ahead to the new year. Soto all of you who are observ-ing this sacred holiday hereand around the world, HappyDiwali and a Saal Mubarak.. I want to thank all the or-

ganizations that have broughtus together today, as well asthe business leaders, theCEOs, the government offi-cials who have joined us here.I just had some incrediblyproductive discussions withAmerican business leadersand Indian entrepreneurs,and today I want to speakwith you about why we allbenefit from the strengthen-ing ties between our nations.This is my first trip to India,

but this will be my longestvisit to another country sincebecoming President.. Andthat’s because I believe thatthe relationship between theUnited States and India will

be one of the defining and in-dispensable partnerships ofthe 21st century.Our nations are the two

largest democracies on Earth.We are bound by a commonlanguage and common val-ues; shared aspirations and ashared belief that opportunityshould be limited only byhow hard you’re willing towork, only by how hard youare willing to try. Trade andcommerce between our peo-ple has been happening forcenturies — even before wewere independent nations. In-dian immigrants crossedoceans to work on farms inthe United States, and latergenerations came to practicemedicine, and do cutting-edge research, and to startbusinesses. American re-searchers partnered with In-dian scientists to launch the

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Green Revolution that trans-formed life for generations ofIndians. Americans havehelped build India, and Indiahas helped to build America.Today, your country is one

of the fastest-growingeconomies in the world. Andwhile there are many amaz-ing success stories and rap-idly expanding markets inAsia, the sheer size and paceof India’s progress in just twodecades is one of the moststunning achievements inhuman history. This is a fact..Since your reform of the li-censing raj and embrace ofthe global economy, India haslifted tens of millions of peo-ple from poverty and createdone of the largest middleclasses on the planet.You are now a nation of

rapid growth and rising in-comes and massive invest-ments in infrastructure andenergy and education. In thecoming decades, you will bethe world’s most populousnation, with the largest work-force and one of the largesteconomies in the world. Now,undoubtedly, that means thatthe U.S. and India will engagein a healthy competition formarkets and jobs and indus-tries of the future. But it alsooffers the prospect of ex-panded commercial ties thatbenefit both countries.The United States sees

Asia — and especially India —as a market of the future. Wedon’t simply welcome yourrise — as a nation, and a peo-ple — we ardently support it.We want to invest in it. AndI’m here because I believethat in our interconnectedworld, increased commercebetween the United Statesand India can be and will be

a win-win proposition forboth nations... In 2010, trade between our

countries is not just a one-way street of American jobsand companies moving toIndia. It is a dynamic, two-wayrelationship that is creatingjobs, growth, and higher livingstandards in both our coun-tries. And that is the truth. As we look to India today,

the United States sees an op-portunity to sell our exportsin one of the fastest-growingmarkets in the world. ForAmerica, this is a jobs strat-egy. As we recover from thisrecession, we are determinedto rebuild our economy on anew, stronger foundation forgrowth. And part of thatfoundation involves doingwhat America has alwaysbeen known for — discoveringand creating and building theproducts that are sold all overthe world. That’s why I’ve set agoal of doubling America’s ex-ports over the next five yearsbecause for every $1 billionin exports, thousands of jobsare supported at home. Andalready, our exports to Indiahave quadrupled in recentyears, growing much fasterthan our exports to manyother countries. The goodswe sell in this country cur-rently support tens of thou-sands of manufacturing jobsacross the United States —from California and Washing-ton to Pennsylvania andFlorida. And that doesn’t eveninclude all the American jobssupported by our other ex-ports to India — from agricul-ture to travel to educationalservices.As we speak, American-

made machinery is helpingIndia improve its infrastruc-

ture, including the new air-port here in Mumbai where Ilanded this morning... A grow-ing number of American-made aircraft are taking flightin your skies. And soon, therewill be more. That’s because today, just

moments before I arrivedhere, several landmark dealswere sealed between the U.S.and India. Boeing, one ofAmerica’s largest companies,is on track to sell Indiadozens of commercial andcargo aircraft. General Elec-tric, another American com-pany, will sell more than ahundred advanced jet en-gines. And I’m pleased thattwo U.S. firms are finalists fora major locomotive tender.Now, these are just a few ofthe more than 20 deals beingannounced today, totalingnearly $10 billion.From medical equipment

and helicopters to turbinesand mining equipment,American companies standready to support India’s grow-ing economy, the needs ofyour people, and your abilityto defend this nation. Andtoday’s deals will lead to morethan 50,000 jobs in theUnited States — 50,000 jobs... Now, these are major deals

that are significant for bothour nations. But our trade re-lationship is not just aboutwhat America sells India. It’salso about Indian investmentin America is doing. Indianinvestment in America isamong the fastest growing ofany country. In recent years,Indian companies have in-vested billions of dollars inthe United States — in Ameri-can machinery, manufactur-ing, mining, research,technology. Today, these in-

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vestments support tens ofthousands of American jobs.

Hundreds of Americancompanies — including manysmall businesses — are invest-ing in India; not just intelecommunications, but inindustries from clean energyto agriculture. This meansmore choices for Indian con-sumers and more jobs for In-dians and Americans.

Our relationship is alsoabout more than the goodsthat we sell or the invest-ments we make — it’s aboutthe innovative partnershipswe forge in the name ofprogress. Before I came here,I had a fascinating meeting. Imet with business leadersfrom both our countries, in-cluding some young Indianentrepreneurs. And what’s fas-cinating is the way that theyare now partnering to taketechnology that has had oneapplication and use in theU.S. and found entirely newuses and new businessesmodels here, in India.

They’re working together tomake cell towers across Indiathat can run on solar, andnot diesel. They’re puttingAmerican technology into In-dian electric cars. They’re try-ing to develop better drugsfor diseases like malaria...These are examples of Ameri-can companies doing welland Indian companies doingwell. And these partnershipsremind us that by pursuingtrade and commerce, we areunleashing the most powerfulforce the world has everknown for eradicating povertyand creating opportunity —and that’s broad-based eco-nomic growth.

Now, despite all thisprogress, the economic rela-

tionship between the UnitedStates and India is still one ofenormous untapped poten-tial. Of all the goods thatIndia imports, less than 10percent come from theUnited States. Of all thegoods that America exportsto the world, less than 2 per-cent go to India. Our entiretrade with your country is stillless than our trade with theNetherlands — this is a coun-try with a smaller populationthan the city of Mumbai. As aresult, India is only our 12thlargest trade partner.

I have no doubt that wecan do better than that — wecan do much better. There’sno reason this nation can’t beone of our top trading part-

ners. And that’s why we wantto work together with you toremove the barriers to in-creased trade and investmentbetween our nations.

In the United States, we’recommitted to doing our part.With India and our otherG20 partners, we’ve resistedthe protectionism that wouldhave plunged the globaleconomy even deeper into re-cession. Today, our countryremains one of the mostopen economies in the world.And while I make no apolo-gies about doing whatever ittakes to encourage job cre-ation and business invest-ment in America, I still workto make sure our efforts don’tunfairly target companies and

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workers from this nation orany nation.

And to further increase ourexports to places like India,we’re marshalling the full re-sources of the United Statesgovernment to help our com-panies sell their goods andservices in other markets.We’re increasing export fi-nancing for small andmedium-sized businesses.We’re being a better advocatefor our businesses. We’re in-creasing our trade missions.In fact, my Secretary of Com-merce, Gary Locke, will beleading another trade missionto India in the next fewmonths. And we’re reformingour export control system, sothat even as we strengthenour national security, wemake sure that unnecessarybarriers don’t stand in theway of high-tech trade be-tween our countries.

Today, I’m pleased to an-nounce that we will workwith India to fundamentallyreform our controls on ex-ports, which will allowgreater cooperation in arange of high-tech sectorsand strengthen our nonpro-liferation efforts.

So we’re taking the neces-sary steps to strengthen thisrelationship. India can alsodo its part. Over the past twodecades, it has become mucheasier for companies to dobusiness and invest here inIndia. It was striking talking tosome of the American CEOswho are here who’ve comefrequently over decades andseen the incredible progressthat’s been made...

Today, India is makingmajor investments in its infra-structure and creating greatertransparency to support

growth and entrepreneurship.Going forward, that commit-ment must be matched by asteady reduction in barriers totrade and foreign investment– from agriculture to infra-structure, from retail totelecommunications. Becausein a global economy, newgrowth and jobs flow to coun-tries that lower barriers totrade and investment.

These are steps we cantake together to strengthenthe economic ties betweenour nations – ties that holdincrediblepromise forour people –the promise ofnew jobs, newindustries andnew growth.Whether ornot thatpromise is ful-filled dependson us – onthe decisionswe make andthe partner-ship we build in the comingyears.

We must admit it won’t al-ways be an easy road, but as Istand here today, I can tellyou that I’m absolutely confi-dent we will meet this chal-lenge because in our twonations, I see the fundamen-tal ingredients to success inthe 21st century.

I’m confident because weboth cherish the entrepre-neurial spirit that empowersinnovation and risk-taking,and allows them to turn agood idea into a new productor company that changes theworld. And we have exam-ples of Indian entrepreneursand American entrepreneurssitting right here who’ve al-

ready begun to do that...I’m confident because we

both recognize that knowl-edge is the currency of the fu-ture, and that we must giveour children the skills and ed-ucation that success requiresin a global economy.

And I’m confident becauseour countries are blessed withthe most effective form ofgovernment the world hasever known: democracy.Even if it can be slow attimes. Even if it can bemessy...

For we know that whengovernments are accountableto their people, their peopleare more likely to prosper;and that, over the long run,democracy and economicgrowth, freedom in the politi-cal sphere and freedom inthe economic sphere go handin hand. We believe that.

What gives me the mostconfidence about our futureis our greatest resource – thedrive and ingenuity of ourpeople: workers and entrepre-neurs — students and innova-tors; Indians and Americans,including the nearly 3 millionIndian Americans who bindour nations together.

For despite all the sweep-ing changes of the last few

decades, it has been peoplewho have driven our progress.It is individual men andwomen like you who put theirshoulder to the wheel of his-tory and push. An Americanscientist who discovers anagricultural breakthrough.An Indian engineer whobuilds the next-generationelectric car. A small businessowner in Detroit who sells hisproduct to a new company inNew Delhi. And all the Mum-baikars who get up every dayin this City of Dreams to

forge a better life for theirchildren...

This is the spirit of opti-mism and determination thathas driven our people sincebefore we were nations – thesame spirit that will drive ourfuture. And that’s why I’mthrilled to be in India andwith you here today. Andthat’s why I’m confident thatwe can and will forge neweconomic partnerships anddeliver the jobs and broad-based growth that our peo-ples so richly deserve.

And I am absolutely certainthat the relationship betweenthe United States and India isgoing to be one of the defin-ing partnerships of the 21stcentury.”

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�he did a little jig to aBollywood number,thumped the tam-bourine and even

played hopscotch barefoot!US First Lady MichelleObama certainly conqueredhearts with her spontaneityas she mingled with specialchildren at a Mumbai eventon November 6, 2010.Dressed in an olive green

top and a grey knee-lengthskirt, Michelle Obama, 46,had a casual, fun-filled inter-action with the kids at theMumbai University library inan event organised by anNGO.

Looking relaxed, she tookoff her shoes — even as scoresof photographers clicked onfuriously — and played hop-scotch with the kids cheeringher on. She even broke into ajig, as the hit song ‘Rang DeBasanti’ from the Bollywoodblockbuster by the samename came on. “I love dancing,” said the

First Lady, who has twodaughters — Malia, 12, andSasha, 9. And sure enough,she took dancing cues fromthe children in attemptingsome bhangra-like moves!Bringing a touch of com-

passion, the First Lady

hugged the children and satwith them talking about theimportance of education. “Working hard, studying

and having courage are theimportant things in life. Wedid not have a lot of money,but it was because of work-ing hard — I could neverimagine being first lady of theUS — that when time came todo this, I was ready,” she toldthe children.Chatting them up, sitting

with them in a circle, itseemed like she had knownthem forever. She comfort-ably kept beat on a tam-bourine as some of the

children thumped on littledrums. The wide grin on herface was hard to miss aseveryone worked up a littlemusical crescendo. Enthralled by the First

Lady’s warmth, 13-year-oldJohny David, one of the chil-dren who got to be up closewith the First Lady, said: “Shewas like a dream to me”.The event was organised

by the NGO Making a Differ-ence (MAD). While the FirstLady interacted with thechildren, President Obamawas talking business with in-dustry executives in anotherpart of the city.

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�t was a swinging start tothe day for the Obamason November 7, 2010,with both the President

and his wife shaking a legwith children at the HolyName School in Mumbai asa Marathi folk tune played inthe background.President Barack Obama

and his wife Michelle, wholanded in Mumbai on Novem-ber 6, 2010, for a four-dayIndia visit, were relaxed andsmiling as they interacted withstudents, many of them frompoor families, at the school. The couple arrived sepa-

rately at the venue, in a quietby-lane in Colaba, a hub offoreigners and close to theLeopold Cafe, which was tar-geted during the Nov 26,2008 Mumbai terror attacks.The US first couple — the

president in shirtsleeves andthe first lady in a black andwhite dress with a hot pinkshrug — moved around, shak-ing hands with the childrenand stopping to exchangesome words.They then settled down to

watch dance performances

by the children, dressed invibrant reds, greens and or-anges, who first presented asemi-classical dance followedby the traditional Koli folkdance of Maharashtra's fish-erfolk, the original inhabi-tants of Mumbai.That over, Michelle

Obama gamely agreed whenthe children asked her tojoin them, swinging her hipsto the catchy tune andquickly catching on as thesteps were taught to her.The president was not to farbehind either, and happilygot up to join the fun, wav-ing his arms and swingingalong with the rest.The children were de-

lighted — and so it seemswere the Obamas who wereseen smiling broadly.Minister of State for Mi-

nority Affairs Salman Khur-shid, who is also theminister-in-waiting for theObamas, and Indian Ambas-sador to US Meera Shankarsat behind the couple.Obama had greeted the

students with a namaste, thetraditional Indian greeting

with palms joined, and lit atraditional lamp to flag offthe function. Earlier, MichelleObama had also seen an ex-hibition of paintings and ran-golis put up by the students.Later, President Obama is

scheduled to address around100 students selected fromsix different city colleges atthe St. Xaviers College inDhobi Talao, again a stone'sthrow away from ChhatrapatiShivaji Terminus, anothertarget of 26/11.He will also visit an agri-

cultural exhibition there, at-tend a democracy expo andinteract with farmers in a Ra-jasthan village through videoconferencing. Thereafter, they are ex-

pected to return to the Taj,drive down to Colaba andhop onto a chopper for theChhatrapati Shivaji Interna-tional Airport for their on-ward visit to New Delhi.South Mumbai remained

a virtual fortress as US digni-taries went about their socialengagements in the area,mostly within a two squarekilometre radius.

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�ielding questionsfrom students on is-sues ranging fromPakistan to jehad,

establishing an e-connectwith farmers and breakinginto an impromptu jig, USPresident Barack Obama gotinto the groove in more waysthan one as he ended thefirst leg of his India visit herebefore heading for NewDelhi on November 7, 2010. The morning, devoted to

meeting farmers and stu-dents, was expected to throwup color and some non-po-litical content. But it alsoturned out to be a day formaking important policystatements on global issuesas Obama took on a host ofsharp questions from eagerstudents at the St Xavier’sCollege here.Exhorted by First Lady

Michelle Obama to ask“tough questions”, the stu-dents drawn from six Mum-bai colleges did just that asthey asked the President hisviews on jehad, Pakistan,Afghanistan and the road

ahead after the electoralrout. India has “the biggeststake” in a successful andstable Pakistan, Obama saidfrom the packed forecourt ofthe college with its Indo-Gothic architecture as he an-swered a question on theprickly issue of Pakistan.He asserted that it was in

India’s interest to remove the“distraction” of insecurity inthe region when it was mov-ing ahead on the global eco-nomic stage.“Obviously the history be-

tween India and Pakistan isincredibly complex and bornout of much tragedy and vio-lence. It may be surprising,but I am absolutely con-vinced that the countrywhich has the biggest stakein Pakistan’s success isIndia,” Obama, who was criti-cised by some in India fornot mentioning Pakistan’sterror link in his opening ad-dress at the Taj Hotel, said. He also spoke of the need

to “give space and time forAfghan security forces to de-velop” and reiterated that

the US would begin reduc-ing troop levels starting July2011. “But we will not be re-moving all our troops.” On Islam and jehad, he

said: “Well, the phrase jehadhas a lot of meanings withinIslam. It is subject to lot ofdifferent interpretations. ButI will say that first Islam isone of the world’s great reli-gions and over a billion peo-ple practice Islam.” The president, who also

reiterated how MahatmaGandhi continues to inspirehim in his day to day life,said he did not considerIndia a rising power but onethat had already “risen”. “The common thread

that runs is my determina-tion to take partnership (be-tween the two countries) toan entirely new level. We be-lieve that India has alreadyrisen.” In remarks that may be

seen as a subtle critique ofIndia’s policy towards Myan-mar, Obama also said:“There are elections that arebeing held right now in

Burma, that will be anythingbut free and fair.” Wife Michelle Obama

had earlier candidly spokento the students about hergrowing up years and howher family didn’t “have a lotof money”.“My parents worked hard...

My parents couldn’t give usmaterial things,” she said elo-quently. But “they taught usthat our circumstances didn’tdefine us”, the wife of theUS’ first African Americanpresident said.Before addressing the stu-

dents, the president inter-acted with farmers fromAjmer through a video-con-ference link to understandhow India was seeking tobridge the digital divide byreaching technology andservices to the grassrootslevel. Stating that he wantedto have a glimpse of the ITrevolution in rural India,Obama said: “Many of theseinnovations are because ofpublic and private collabora-tions between the UnitedStates and India.”

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�S PresidentBarack Obama onNovember 7,2010, interacted

with farmers from Ajmerthrough a video-conferencelink from Mumbai to under-stand how India was seekingto bridge the digital divideby reaching technology andservices to the grassrootslevel.Moderating the discussion

at the Open Governmentand Technology Expositionorganised at the St. Xavier'sCollege campus in the citywas the Chicago-based techevangelist Sam Pitroda,while the young Minister of

State for Communicationsand IT Sachin Pilot was withthe farmers in Kanpura vil-lage in Ajmer, Rajasthan.Obama said he wanted to

have a glimpse of the infor-mation technology revolu-tion in rural India, howcitizens were interacting vir-tually with local governmentbodies using internet andaccessing information andservices such as tele-medi-cine and e-education.“Many of these innovations

are because of public andprivate collaborations be-tween the US and India,” theUS President said, giving theexample of the green revolu-

tion in India in the 1970swhere scientists of the twosides worked together forbetter seeds and irrigation.Large screens were in-

stalled both at the Mumbaicollege and at Kanpura,some 25 km from Ajmer — atown famous for the shrineof Sufi saint Hazrat KhwajaMuinuddin Chisty — forthose two sides to “meet andinteract” with each other vir-tually.Obama was visibly pleased

when the village local bodysecretary Shiv Shankar saidhow his complaint about afaulty handpump over inter-net was rectified almost im-

mediately — in a departurefrom the weeks that it wouldhave otherwise taken in thepast.Similarly, healthcare

worker Sunita Rathore ex-plained how she could ac-cess digitised medicalrecords of the villagers, espe-cially children, to plan theirvaccination schedules.These apart, a student of

management, Vipul Johar,told the US President howhe was pursuing furtherstudies via internet by down-loading course material,sparing him the need totravel 25 km to Ajmer forthe direct-contact classes.

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Incidentally, both themoderators in Mumbai andin Ajmer have been edu-cated in the US.Presently an advisor to the

Indian Prime Minister onpublic information, infra-structure and innovations,Pitroda has studied at theIllinois Institute of Technol-ogy, while Pilot is an alum-nus of the Wharton School,University of Pennsylvania.Kanpura was chosen not

just because it falls in theconstituency of Pilot, butalso because a pilot projectthere has connected it withoptic fibre network for on-line access to land records

and birth certificates.�3**�2#62�-$�0#+�0)1+�"#� 7�2&#��0#1'�"#,2��2�2&#��.#,��-4�#0,+#,2��,"��#!&,-*-�%7� 6.-1'2'-,�“Well, here’s the good news.In the United States we aretrying to do some of thesame things that you’redoing — trying to make gov-ernment more transparent,trying to make governmentmore accountable, trying tomake government more efficient. And one of the incredible

benefits of the technologywe’re seeing right here isthat in many ways India may

be in a position to leapfrogsome of the intermediatestages of government servicedelivery, avoiding some ofthe 20th century mecha-nisms for delivering servicesand going straight to the21st.But many of the issues

that you’re talking abouthere are ones that we’re try-ing to apply in the UnitedStates, as well. For example,in many rural areas in theUnited States, it’s hardsometimes to get to a hospi-tal. Even though the infra-structure may be betterdeveloped, there’s still signifi-cant distances. And to the

extent that we can use tech-nology to provide peoplewith basic health informa-tion, in some cases simplediagnoses, that can savepeople time, it can save thegovernment money, and wecan end up with betterhealth outcomes. And obvi-ously the same applies for allthe services you mentioned.So I want to congratulate

all of you for doing the ter-rific work. And I look for-ward to watching this terrificexperiment in democracycontinue to expand allthroughout India, and you’llbe a model for countriesaround the world.

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�relaxed US firstcouple lookedlike any othervisitor to the Hu-

mayun’s Tomb, except forthe scores of plainclothes In-dian and US security per-sonnel swarming around,the glare of cameras and theabsence of any othertourists. The Obamas de-scribed the 16th centurymonument complex as“spectacular”.The presidential black lim-

ousine drove up to the westgate of the Humayun’s Tombcomplex, a World Heritagesite, at 4.55 p.m. - the sec-ond engagement of the USPresident Barack Obamaand his wife Michelle afterarriving in New Delhi in theafternoon, as part of theirfour-day official visit to India.Accompanied by Archaeo-

logical Survey ofIndia’s superinten-ding archaeologistK.K. Muhammad,the Obamas spentabout half-an-hourwalking throughthe monument, onwhich the more fa-mous Taj Mahal ismodelled. The firstgarden-tomb inIndia, the tomb was commis-sioned by Hamida Bano, thewife of the second Mughalemperor Humayun.“Let’s take a look,” Obama

was heard saying, as hewalked up the stairs to thetomb. In between, the Oba-mas, in a personal touch, in-teracted with the children oflabourers employed by ASIfor the conservation projectsand even gave them gifts.The children, aged be-

tween four to 13 years, gavean enthusiastic welcome inHindi to the US first couple,who met them on the firstfloor terrace of the Mughaltomb. “Namaste,” saidObama to the children,some of whom were accom-panied by their parents andthe organisers of an ASI-runschool in Tughlakabad.Dressed in new uniforms

of grey skirt or shorts and ared-checked shirt, they car-

ried a black slate on whichthey had written in English -“Welcome to H.E (his excel-lency) US President BarackObama and First LadyMichelle Obama”.“They said we should work

hard and study more,” saidVishal, the eldest of the 14children present at Hu-mayun’s Tomb. While Vishalrecognized the importanceof the visitor, the youngerchildren seemed rather over-

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awed by the special atten-tion bestowed on them.Ten-year-old Puja strug-

gled to name the visitor,“Maba, no.. Obaji”, beforeher cousin, Shiv Ram, 6,came to her rescue with anemphatic, “Obama”.When asked if they knew

why the two persons wereimportant, they shyly shooktheir heads in the negative.Ram Das, an ASI labourer

and father of Vishal, was

certainly impressed that theUS president and his wifeshook hands with all in theirgroup. “He shook my handsand with everybody else. I re-ally liked it,” he said.All the children got gifts of

a silver bookmark, embossedwith the presidential seal andObama’s signature. Immedi-ately after Obama left Hu-mayun’s Tomb, the childrenturned into media stars of theday as television channels

vied to record their feelings.As he left the venue at

around 5.20 p.m., Obamaremarked to the contingentof Indian and foreign mediaat the complex that the In-dian capital seemed to be a“modern city rooted in civilization”.Commenting to reporters

on the workmanship of thestructure, Obama said: “Ittook seven years to buildthis (monument). If you try

to build something like thisin seven years in the U.S., itwill be tough. Good contrac-tors,” before exiting with acomment of “spectacular”.Writing in the visitor’s

book, Barack and MichelleObama said: “Through therise and fall of empires, In-dian civilization has enduredand led the world to newheights of achievement. Theworld owes a profound debtto India and its people.”

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� ith camel-mounted bandson either sideand another

playing on the terrace, whatwas initially billed as an inti-mate “private dinner” forabout 20 people by PrimeMinister Manmohan Singhand his wife Gursharan Kaurfor US President BarackObama and his wife Michelleturned into a grand affair thatwas described by about 60Indian and about ten Amer-ican guests as “outstanding”and “magnificent”. The dinner, on the lush

front lawns of the primeministerial residence at 7Race Course Road, washeld under a semi-openmarquee that, along withthe music-filled atmosphereand lights, made it, in thewords of a guest, a setting“straight out of the ArabianNights”.The bands were drawn

from the Border SecurityForce and the Indian Navy.They played soft non-intru-sive music that complimentedthe perfect weather and theglittering ambience.Among those present were

Congress President SoniaGandhi, her son and partygeneral secretary RahulGandhi, Jammu and KashmirChief Minister Omar Abdul-lah, senior leaders L.K. Ad-vani and Arun Jaitley, ActorsShabana Azmi, her husbandJaved Akhtar and AamirKhan, besides Priya Dutt andMeenakshi Natarajan, bothMPs.Also present were cabinet

ministers Pranab Mukherjee,P. Chidambaram, A.K. Antony,

Anand Sharma, Kapil Sibaland S.M. Krishna and Plan-ning Commission DeputyChairman Montek SinghAhluwalia. So were bureau-crats National Security Ad-viser Shivshankar Menon,Manmohan Singh’s PrincipalSecretary T.K.A. Nair, ForeignSecretary Nirupama Rao andIndia’s ambassador to USMeera Shankar.

Others to get the invitewere corporate bigwigs AzimPremji, Ratan Tata, Swati Pi-ramal and N.R. NarayanaMurthy, environmental scien-tist Sunita Narain and JamiaMillia Islamia vice chancellorNajeeb Jung. From the American side

were National Security Ad-viser Tom Donilon, TreasurySecretary Timothy Geithner,

Commerce Secretary GaryLocke, US ambassador toIndia Timothy J. Roemer andRajiv Shah, Administrator ofUSAID.Before the dinner, that was

catered by ITC Maurya’s sig-nature restaurants Bukharaand Dum Pukht and in-cluded both non-vegetarianand vegetarian fare represent-ing the best of Indian cuisine,Prime Minister Singh andPresident Obama met sepa-rately, followed by a meetingbetween their families that in-cluded the prime minister’sdaughters and a son-in-law. Sam Pitroda, the Prime

Minister’s Advisor on Technol-ogy, said the setting was “un-believable” and “done withclass and thought”. Pitroda said the Americans,

including the Obamas, lovedevery moment of it with somein their group overheard assaying “we could learn muchfrom the Indians how to or-ganise such things”.Each table was named

after leading Indian Ameri-cans or Americans who eitherhad a love for India or hadworked in India.

President Obama hostedthe first state dinner of hispresidency in honor of Man-mohan Singh under a sprawl-ing white tent on the lawns ofthe White House in Novem-ber last year that brought to-gether the Who’s Who ofWashington and the IndianAmerican community andmade it the most talkedabout social event for monthsin the American capital.

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�ndia and the US are the world’s largest democraciessharing “certain values” and their relationship will bea defining one in the 21st century, President BarackObama said after receiving a ceremonial welcome at

Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi on November 8, 2010.“As I have said earlier, I believe the partnership be-

tween the US and India is one of the defining relation-ships of the 21st century,” Obama told reporters in briefremarks at the presidential palace, ahead of openingtalks with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.Dressed in his usual conservative black suit with a

maroon tie, the president underlined the “extraordinary”people-to-people relations between the US and India.He credited this largely to the role played by the vast

Indian diaspora “who contribute so much to our country”.Obama also thanked “all the people in India ... for the

wonderful hospitality we have received... We want to ex-press the warmest of regards from the people of the USto the people of India”.Obama spoke minutes after he and his wife Michelle

were warmly and formally greeted by President PratibhaPatil and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh at the fore-court of the imposing British-built Rashtrapati Bhavan.Singh had met him when he landed in New Delhi on

November 7, 2010, from Mumbai, where he began his Indiavisit a day earlier. The President inspected a special guardof honor in the forecourt of the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The Prime Minister and wife Gursharan Kaur, the

President and husband Devisingh Patil as well as a hostof cabinet ministers, including Defence Minister A.K.Antony, Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee and

External Affairs Minister S.M. Krishnawere at Rashtrapati Bhavan before the US first couple pulled up in theirblack limousine.President Obama and the First

Lady, in a black and green dress, weremet by Patil and the Prime Minister asthey alighted from the car. While Patil

was in a white sari with a green border, Gursharan Kaurwas in a rich cream sari with an elaborate russet border.After meeting the Indian ministers, Obama introduced

Patil to the US delegation. President Obama later paidhomage to Mahatma Gandhi at Rajghat and went intotalks with Manmohan Singh.

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t was a solemn moment as Presi-dent Obama and his wife Michellelaid a wreath of white carnations atMahatma Gandhi’s memorial at Ra-

jghat in New Delhi on November 8,2010, saying “his light” still inspires theworld. He also presented an “unparal-leled” gift in the form of a Martin LutherKing Jr. memo-rabilia. Duringthe 20-minutevisit, the Presi-dent penned anote from theheart in theVisitor’s Bookat the RajghatMemorial whileMichelle stoodbeside him.“We will alwaysremember the great soul who changedthe world with his message of peace, tol-erance and love. More than 60 years afterhis passing, his light continues to inspirethe world,” President Obama wrote. Rajnish Kumar, secretary of the Ra-

jghat Samadhi Committee who receivedPresident Obama at the marigoldadorned VIP entrance, said that he saw“deep respect” for Gandhi in the Presi-dent’s eyes.“Up until that moment I had only read

in the newspapers that Obama was a bigfan of Gandhi, but when I received himhere I could actually see the deep respectfor Bapu (Gandhi) in his eyes. Even his

wife looked absorbed in the sombre at-mosphere of the Rajghat,” Kumar said.According to Kumar, Obama asked

several questions about the memorial.“He asked me how many people visit

Rajghat everyday. When I answered morethan 10,000, he looked impressed. Healso wanted to know if it is ever closedand when it will open to the public afterhis visit. I said that Rajghat is neverclosed and will be open to the public assoon as he leaves,” Kumar added.President Obama and the First Lady

laid a wreath of white carnations, tiedwith a blue-red-white ribbon, on thesamadhi. After signing the Visitors Book, the U.S.

first couple was presented a bust ofGandhi, a khadi scroll containing theseven social sins Gandhi wrote about inYoung India in 1925 and three books.The books were Gandhi’s autobiogra-

phy, My Experiments with Truth, TheMind of Mahatma Gandhi and Mahatma

Gandhi in 100years. As a specialgesture, they werealso gifted a modelof a charkha or aspinning wheelwhich symbolizesthe Gandhian con-cept of self-entrepre-neurship and playeda vital role duringIndia’s independ-ence. Obama also

gifted something to Rajghat – a Kingmemorabilia. Resting in a gold-wrapped box, this was

a piece of white stone from the Washing-ton National Memorial of American civilrights activist Martin Luther King Jr., whowas greatly inspired by Gandhi. The stone was set on a black base,

which was embossed with the presiden-tial seal and Obama's signature. Calling it“unparalleled”, Kumar said that the gifthad a profound meaning. “Gandhi stoodfor non-violence and so did King. So thisgift has a deep meaning behind it. Wewill put the stone in a glass case andkeep it in our Rajghat office,” he said.

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�S President BarackObama and IndianPrime Minister Dr.Manmohan Singh

addressed a joint press con-ference at Hyderabad Housein Delhi on November 8 afterconcluding bilateral discus-sions. Excerpts from the re-marks by President Obamaand Prime Minister Singh inthe Joint Press Conference inNew Delhi.

�� The President and the FirstLady have made an abidingimpression on the people ofIndia with their warmth, withtheir grace, and with theircommitment to promotingthe relationship between ourtwo great democracies. Presi-dent Obama yesterday char-acterized the India-U.S.partnership as one of thedefining and indispensable

partnerships of the 21st cen-tury. In my discussion withthe President, we have de-cided to accelerate the deep-ening of our ties and towork as equal partners in astrategic relationship thatwill positively and decisivelyinfluence world peace, stabil-ity and progress.We welcome the decision

by the United States to liftcontrol from exports of hi-

technology items and tech-nologies to India, and sup-port India’s membership inmultilateral export controlregimes such as the NuclearSuppliers Group. This is amanifestation of the growingtrust and confidence in eachother.We have agreed on steps

to expand our cooperationin space, civil nuclear de-fense and other high-end

sectors. We have an-nounced specific initiativesin the areas of clean energy,health and agriculture.These include a joint cleanenergy research and devel-

opment center, the estab-lishment of a global diseasedetection center in India,and an agreement for coop-eration in weather and cropforecasting.

We have decided to holda higher education summitnext year. Cooperation inthe field of education holdsgreat promise because notwo other countries are bet-ter equipped to be partnersin building the knowledgeeconomy of the future.The United States is one

of our largest trading part-ners. Our trade is balancedand growing. India isamong the fastest-growingsources of investment in theUnited States. Indian invest-ments have helped to in-crease the competitivenessof the U.S. economy. Wewelcome increased U.S. in-vestment and high-technol-ogy flows in key sectors ofour economy, including thesector of nuclear energy.We have agreed to facili-

tate trade and people-to-people exchanges,recognizing that protection-ism is detrimental to bothour economies.I conveyed our gratitude

to the President for the co-operation we have receivedin our counterterrorism

measures post-Mumbai. Wewill start a new homelandsecurity dialogue to deepenthis cooperation.We had a detailed ex-

change on the situation in

our extended region, includ-ing East Asia, Afghanistan,Pakistan and West Asia. Wehave a shared vision of secu-rity, stability and prosperityin Asia based on an openand inclusive regional archi-tecture. We have agreed tobroaden our strategic dia-logue to cover other regionsand areas, and initiate jointprojects in Africa andAfghanistan.As states possessing nu-

clear weapons, we havetoday put forth a commonvision of a world without nu-clear weapons, and decidedto lead global efforts fornonproliferation and univer-sal and non-discriminatingglobal nuclear disarmament.This is a historic and boldbilateral initiative.We also decided to

strengthen cooperation totackle nuclear terrorism andwe welcome US participa-tion in the Global Center ofNuclear Energy Partnership,which will be set up in India.President Obama is a sin-

cere and a valued friend ofour country, and our discus-sions have led to a meetingof minds. Ours is a partner-ship based on common val-ues and interests, a sharedvision of the world, and thedeep-rooted ties of friend-ship among our two peoples.I look forward to workingwith the President to realizethe enormous potential ofthis partnership of our twocountries.I now invite President

Obama to make his re-marks. And I thank you.(Applause.)

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�� Thank you very much, PrimeMinister Singh. And good af-ternoon, everyone. I want tobegin by saying how thrilledmy wife Michelle and I andour entire delegation are tobe here in India. We havebeen received with incredi-ble warmth and incrediblehospitality. And that in-cludes the hospitality of ourfriends, Prime Minister Singhand his lovely wife Mrs.Kaur, who we thank for

such graciousness and awonderful dinner last night.As I’ve said throughout my

visit, I have come to Indiabecause I believe that the re-lationship between theUnited States and India isindispensable to addressingthe challenges of our time --from creating economic op-portunity for our people toconfronting terrorism and vi-olent extremism; from pre-venting the spread ofnuclear weapons to address-

ing climate change; from thedevelopment that gives peo-ple and nations a path outof poverty to advancinghuman rights and valuesthat are universal. None ofthis will be possible withoutstrong cooperation betweenthe United States and India.Moreover, as Prime Minis-

ter Singh alluded to, ours isno ordinary relationship. Asthe world’s two largestdemocracies, as large andgrowing free marketeconomies, as diverse, multi-ethnic societies with strongtraditions of pluralism andtolerance, we have not onlyan opportunity but also a re-sponsibility to lead.And that’s why I believe

that the relationship be-tween the United States andIndia will, in fact, be one ofthe defining partnerships ofthe 21st century. That’s whyI’ve worked with the PrimeMinister, a man of extraordi-nary intellect and great in-tegrity, to deepen andbroaden the cooperation be-tween our two countries.And I very much look for-ward to addressing the In-dian Parliament and thepeople of India later todayto discuss how the UnitedStates and India can takeour partnership to the nextlevel, with a vision of how wecan work together as globalpartners.With the progress we’ve

made today, we’re seeingjust how broad and deepour cooperation can be. AsPresident, I’ve had the op-portunity to appear withmany of my foreign counter-parts at press conferencessuch as this, but I cannot re-member an occasion whenwe have agreed to so many

new partnerships across somany areas as we have dur-ing my visit.We’ve expanded trade and

investment to create pros-perity for our people. Themajor trade deals that weresigned in Mumbai were animportant step forward in el-evating India to one ofAmerica’s top trading part-ners. Today I’m pleased towelcome India’s preliminaryagreement to purchase 10C-17 cargo planes, whichwill enhance Indian capabili-ties and support 22,000 jobsback in the United States.We agreed to reform our

controls on exports, and theUnited States will remove In-dian organizations from theso-called “entity list,” whichwill allow greater coopera-tion in a range of high-techsectors like civil space anddefense. And we agreed tokeep working to reducetrade barriers and resist pro-tectionism.As a result of this visit, we

are already beginning to im-plement our civil nuclearagreement. We agreed todeepen our cooperation inpursuit of clean energy tech-nologies, and this includesthe creation of a new cleanenergy research center herein India, and continuing ourjoint research into solar, bio-fuels, shale gas, and buildingefficiency. And we agreed tonew partnerships includingforestry and sustainable de-velopment of land to helpmeet the commitments wemade at Copenhagen tocombat climate change.To ensure the safety of

our citizens, we’re deepeningour efforts to prevent terror-ism. Cooperation betweenour countries’ intelligence

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and law enforcement com-munities has alreadyreached unprecedented lev-els. And today, we’re takinganother step — a new effortbetween our Department ofHomeland Security and theIndian Ministry of Home Af-fairs to improve security atour ports, our airports, andour borders.

I also discussed with thePrime Minister our efforts inAfghanistan, and once againthanked him and the Indianpeople for the generous con-tributions that India hasmade towards developmentand improving the lives ofthe Afghan people. Weagreed on the need for allnations in the region towork together and ensurethat there are no safehavens for terrorists.We’re expanding our ef-

forts to prevent nuclear pro-

liferation. In keeping withits commitment at our Nu-clear Security Summit, Indiawill build a new center of ex-cellence for nuclear energyand security to help reachour goal of securing vulnera-ble nuclear materials in fouryears.Given India’s growing role

in the region, we also agreedto deepen our consultationson East Asia. Given India’sgrowing role on the worldstage, we’ll expand our dia-logue on global issues. Andwe discussed the need forinternational institutions, in-cluding the United Nations,to reflect the realities of the21st century — which I willdiscuss further in my ad-dress to Parliament.Finally, we continue to ex-

pand partnerships betweenour peoples. To promoteglobal health, we're moving

ahead with a new diseasedetection center here in NewDelhi. Building on our suc-cessful efforts to expand ed-ucational exchanges,including our Singh-Obama21st Century Knowledge Ini-tiative, we’ll convene a sum-mit to forge newcollaborations in higher edu-cation. And we’re announc-ing two initiatives today thatharness technology to de-liver progress for our people.Building on the Indian

and American agriculturalcollaboration that led to theGreen Revolution, we’relaunching a new partnershipfor a Evergreen Revolutionto improve food securityaround the world. We’realso launching a new part-nership to promote opengovernment and to empowercitizens. And in my addressto Parliament I’ll be dis-

cussing why these effortscan be models for the kindof cooperation that not onlybenefits America and India,but benefits other nations aswell.So, taken together, all of

these partnerships, all theseinitiatives make it clear therelationship between theUnited States and India isstronger, deeper andbroader than ever before.So, Mr. Prime Minister, againI thank you for your partner-ship and for your friendship.I am confident that asIndia’s influence in the worldcontinues to rise, so, too, willthe opportunities for evencloser cooperation betweenour two countries. And thatwill mean even greater secu-rity and prosperity for India,for the United States, forthis region, and for theworld.

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Congress President SoniaGandhi called on USPresident Barack Obama inNew Delhi on November 8.Congress sources saidGandhi, who wasaccompanied by FinanceMinister Pranab Mukherjee,raised issues of mutualinterest and expressedIndia's desire to furtherstrengthen ties with the US.Gandhi is chairperson ofthe ruling UnitedProgressive Alliance (UPA)and heads the NationalAdvisory Council (NAC).

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�eader of the Opposi-tion in the Lok Sabha,the lower House ofParliament, and sen-

ior Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP) leader Sushma Swarajcalled on US PresidentBarack Obama on November8 in New Delhi. She said hermeeting with US PresidentObama was “very fruitful” ashe was “very receptive and re-sponsive” to the issues raisedby her, including terrorism,India's sensibilities aboutChina, the Bhopal gastragedy and outsourcing.

“Not only did he under-stand the issues but said (hewill) try to address them asfar as possible,” Swaraj toldreporters here. She said sheraised five issues withObama, including occasionalstatements from senior USofficials about Pakistan en-joying a special status andbeing a major non-NATO ally.

The BJP leader said shetold Obama that such re-marks caused unease inIndia as every word originat-ing from Washington was fol-lowed closely here. Swarajsaid she told Obama thatthere were “loud whispers” thatIndia was being seen as amarket and Pakistan as an ally.

“You are an outstandingcommunicator, such a goodorator. Please wash away thisimpression,” Swaraj told Obama.

The BJP leader said sheurged Obama to understandIndia's sensibilities vis-a-visChina and emphasised thatIndia was a dependable andreliable friend. She said theUS had cancelled joint exer-cises in Arunachal Pradeshand an India-US-Japan exer-cise apparently because Bei-jing would be unhappy.

She said Obama told herthat the points she raised“had been registered in my

mind” and his government“will keep these in considera-tion” and “will be careful”.

On the Bhopal gas tragedy,she conveyed to Obama thatit was the world’s worst in-dustrial disaster and “thecompensation that peoplegot was peanuts”. She saidthe guilty should be broughtto book and the US govern-ment should help the Indiangovernment in the Bhopalcase, which needs to be re-opened. The environmentalissues linked to the tragedyshould also be addressed, sheasserted. Obama told her hewould speak about the Bhopalgas tragedy issue at an ap-propriate forum and askedSwaraj to convey his sympa-thies to the affected people.

Swaraj said Obama had in-vited her to visit the US.

“Generally, such meetingsare one-sided. But, he wasvery responsive,” she said.

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Addressing a Joint Session of India’s Parliament on November 9,President Obama said that “the relationship between the UnitedStates and India — bound by our shared interests and our sharedvalues — will be one of the defining partnerships of the 21st century. This is the partnership I’ve come here to build. This is the vision that our nations can realize together.”

�$0$�(1�2'$�1/$$"'�“Mr. Vice President, MadamSpeaker, Mr. Prime Minister,members of Lok Sabha andRajya Sabha, and most ofall, the people of India. Ithank you for the greathonor of addressing the rep-resentatives of more thanone billion Indians and theworld’s largest democracy.(Applause.) I bring thegreetings and friendship ofthe world’s oldest democracy—- the United States ofAmerica, including nearlythree million proud and pa-triotic Indian-Americans.(Applause.)

Over the past three days,my wife Michelle and I haveexperienced the -- and dy-namism of India and its peo-ple -- from the majesty ofHumayun’s Tomb to the ad-vanced technologies that areempowering farmers andwomen who are the back-bone of Indian society; fromthe Diwali celebrations withschoolchildren to the inno-vators who are fueling India’s

economic rise; from the uni-versity students who willchart India’s future, to you —-leaders who helped to bringIndia to this moment of ex-traordinary promise.

At every stop, we havebeen welcomed with thehospitality for which Indianshave alwaysbeen known.So, to youand the peo-ple of India,on behalf ofme, Michelleand theAmericanpeople, pleaseaccept mydeepestthanks. (Ap-plause.) Ba-hoot dhanyavad. (Applause.)

Now, I am not the firstAmerican President to visitIndia. Nor will I be the last.But I am proud to visit Indiaso early in my presidency.It’s no coincidence that Indiais my first stop on a visit toAsia, or that this has been

my longest visit to anothercountry since becomingPresident. (Applause.) Forin Asia and around theworld, India is not simplyemerging; India hasemerged. (Applause.)

And it is my firm beliefthat the relationship be-

tween the United States andIndia -— bound by ourshared interests and ourshared values -— will be oneof the defining partnershipsof the 21st century. This isthe partnership I’ve comehere to build. This is the vi-sion that our nations can re-

alize together.My confidence in our

shared future is grounded inmy respect for India’s treas-ured past -— a civilization

that’s been shap-ing the world forthousands ofyears. Indiansunlocked the in-tricacies of thehuman body andthe vastness ofour universe. It’s

no exaggeration to say thatour Information Age isrooted in Indian innovations—- including the numberzero. (Applause.)

Of course, India not onlyopened our minds, she ex-panded our moral imagina-tions -- with religious textsthat still summon the faith-ful to lives of dignity and dis-cipline, with poets whoimagined a future “wherethe mind is without fear andthe head is held high” -- (ap-plause) -- and with a manwhose message of love and

justice endures -— the fatherof your nation, MahatmaGandhi. (Applause.)

For me and Michelle, thisvisit has, therefore, held spe-cial meaning. See, through-out my life, including mywork as a young man on be-half of the urban poor, I’ve

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always found inspiration inthe life of Gandhiji and hissimple and profound lessonto be the change we seek inthe world. (Applause.) Andjust as he summoned Indi-ans to seek their destiny, heinfluenced champions ofequality in my own country,including a young preachernamed Martin Luther King.After making his pilgrimageto India a half-century ago,Dr. King called Gandhi’s phi-losophy of non-violent resist-ance “the only logical andmoral approach” in thestruggle for justice andprogress. (Applause.)

So we were honored tovisit the residence whereGandhi and King bothstayed —- Mani Bhavan. Andwe were humbled to pay ourrespects at Raj Ghat. And Iam mindful that I might notbe standing before youtoday, as President of theUnited States, had it notbeen for Gandhi and themessage he shared and in-

spired with America andthe world. (Applause.)

An ancient civilization ofscience and innovation; afundamental faith in humanprogress -- this is the sturdyfoundation upon which youhave built ever since thatstroke of midnight when thetricolor was raised over afree and independent India.(Applause.) And despite theskeptics who said this coun-try was simply too poor, ortoo vast, or too diverse tosucceed, you surmountedoverwhelming odds and be-came a model to the world.

Instead of slipping intostarvation, you launched aGreen Revolution that fedmillions. Instead of becom-ing dependent on commodi-ties and exports, youinvested in science and tech-nology and in your greatestresource —- the Indian peo-ple. And the world sees theresults, from the supercom-puters you build to the In-dian flag that you put on the

moon.Instead of resisting the

global economy, you becameone of its engines —- reform-ing the licensing raj and un-leashing an economicmarvel that has lifted tens ofmillions of people frompoverty and created one ofthe world’s largest middleclasses.

Instead of succumbing todivision, you have shownthat the strength of India —-the very idea of India —- is itsembrace of all colors, allcastes, all creeds. (Ap-plause.) It’s the diversity rep-resented in this chambertoday. It’s the richness offaiths celebrated by a visitorto my hometown of Chicagomore than a century ago -—the renowned SwamiVivekananda. He said that,“holiness, purity and charityare not the exclusive posses-sions of any church in theworld, and that every systemhas produced men andwomen of the most exalted

character.”And instead of being lured

by the false notion thatprogress must come at theexpense of freedom, youbuilt the institutions uponwhich true democracy de-pends —- free and fair elec-tions, which enable citizensto choose their own leaderswithout recourse to arms --(applause) -- an independentjudiciary and the rule of law,which allows people to ad-dress their grievances; and athriving free press and vi-brant civil society which al-lows every voice to be heard.This year, as India marks 60years with a strong anddemocratic constitution, thelesson is clear: India hassucceeded, not in spite ofdemocracy; India has suc-ceeded because of democ-racy. (Applause.)

Now, just as India haschanged, so, too, has the re-lationship between our twonations. In the decadesafter independence, Indiaadvanced its interests as aproud leader of the non-aligned movement. Yet, toooften, the United States andIndia found ourselves on op-posite sides of a North-`South divide, estranged by along Cold War. Those daysare over.

Here in India, two succes-sive governments led by dif-ferent parties haverecognized that deeper part-nership with America is bothnatural and necessary. Andin the United States, both ofmy predecessors —- one aDemocrat, one a Republican-— worked to bring us closer,leading to increased tradeand a landmark civil nuclearagreement. (Applause.)

So since that time, people

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in both our countries haveasked: What’s next? Howcan we build on thisprogress and realize the fullpotential of our partnership?That’s what I want to ad-dress today —- the future thatthe United States seeks inan interconnected world,and why I believe that Indiais indispensable to this vi-sion; how we can forge atruly global partnership -—not just in one or two areas,but across many; not just forour mutual benefit, but forthe benefit of the world.

Of course, only Indianscan determine India’s na-tional interests and how toadvance them on the world

stage. But I stand beforeyou today because I am con-vinced that the interests ofthe United States — and theinterests we share with India— are best advanced in part-nership. I believe that. (Ap-plause.)

The United States seekssecurity — the security of ourcountry, our allies and part-ners. We seek prosperity — astrong and growing economyin an open internationaleconomic system. We seekrespect for universal values.And we seek a just and sus-tainable international orderthat promotes peace and se-curity by meeting globalchallenges through stronger

global cooperation.Now, to advance these in-

terests, I have committed theUnited States to compre-hensive engagement withthe world, based on mutualinterest and mutual respect.And a central pillar of thisengagement is forgingdeeper cooperation with21st century centers of influ-ence — and that must neces-sarily include India.

Now, India is not the onlyemergingpower in theworld. Butrelationshipsbetween ourcountries is

unique. For we are twostrong democracies whoseconstitutions begin with thesame revolutionary words —“We the people.” We aretwo great republics dedi-cated to the liberty and jus-tice and equality of allpeople. And we are two freemarket economies wherepeople have the freedom topursue ideas and innovationthat can change the world.And that’s why I believe thatIndia and America are indis-pensable partners in meet-ing the challenges of ourtime. (Applause.)

Since taking office, I’ve,therefore, made our relation-ship a priority. I was proudto welcome Prime MinisterSingh for the first officialstate visit of my presidency.(Applause.) For the firsttime ever, our governmentsare working together acrossthe whole range of commonchallenges that we face.Now, let me say it as clearlyas I can: The United Statesnot only welcomes India asa rising global power, we fer-vently support it, and we

have worked to help make ita reality.

Together with our part-ners, we have made the G20the premier forum for inter-national economic coopera-tion, bringing more voices tothe table of global economicdecision-making, and thathas included India. We’veincreased the role of emerg-ing economies like India atinternational financial insti-tutions. We valued India’simportant role at Copen-hagen, where, for the firsttime, all major economiescommitted to take action toconfront climate change —-and to stand by those ac-tions. We salute India’s longhistory as a leading contrib-utor to United Nationspeacekeeping missions. Andwe welcome India as it pre-pares to take its seat on theUnited Nations SecurityCouncil. (Applause.)

In short, with India assum-ing its rightful place in theworld, we have a historic op-portunity to make the rela-tionship between our twocountries a defining partner-ship of the century ahead.And I believe we can do soby working together in threeimportant areas.

First, as global partners wecan promote prosperity inboth our countries. To-gether, we can create thehigh-tech, high-wage jobs ofthe future. With my visit, weare now ready to begin im-plementing our civil nuclearagreement. This will helpmeet India’s growing energyneeds and create thousandsof jobs in both of our coun-tries. (Applause.)

We need to forge partner-ships in high-tech sectorslike defense and civil space.

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So we’ve removed Indian or-ganizations from our so-called “entity list.” And we’llwork to remove -- and re-form our controls on ex-ports. Both of these stepswill ensure that Indian com-panies seeking high-techtrade and technologies fromAmerica are treated the sameas our very closest allies andpartners. We can pursue joint re-

search and development tocreate green jobs; give Indiamore access to cleaner, af-fordable energy; meet thecommitments we made at

Copenhagen; and show thepossibilities of low-carbongrowth.And together, we can re-

sist the protectionism thatstifles growth and innova-tion. The United States re-mains — and will continue toremain — one of the mostopen economies in theworld. And by opening mar-kets and reducing barriers toforeign investment, India canrealize its full economic po-tential as well. As G20 part-ners, we can make sure theglobal economic recovery isstrong and is durable. Andwe can keep striving for aDoha Round that is ambi-tious and is balanced —- withthe courage to make the

compromises that are neces-sary so global trade worksfor all economies.Together, we can

strengthen agriculture. Co-operation between Indianand American researchersand scientists sparked theGreen Revolution. Today,India is a leader in usingtechnology to empowerfarmers, like those I met yes-terday who get free updateson market and weather con-ditions on their cell phones.And the United States is aleader in agricultural pro-ductivity and research. Now,

as farmers and rural areasface the effects of climatechange and drought, we’llwork together to spark asecond, more sustainableEvergreen Revolution.Together, we’re improving

Indian weather forecastingsystems before the nextmonsoon season. We aim tohelp millions of Indian farm-ers — farming householdssave water and increase pro-ductivity, improve food pro-cessing so crops don’t spoilon the way to market, andenhance climate and cropforecasting to avoid lossesthat cripple communitiesand drive up food prices.And as part of our food

security initiative, we’re going

to share India’s expertisewith farmers in Africa. Andthis is an indication ofIndia’s rise — that we cannow export hard-earned ex-pertise to countries that seeIndia as a model for agricul-tural development. It’s an-other powerful example ofhow American and Indianpartnership can address anurgent global challenge.Because the wealth of a

nation also depends on thehealth of its people, we’llcontinue to support India’seffort against diseases liketuberculosis and HIV/AIDS,

and as globalpartners, we’llwork to im-prove globalhealth by pre-venting thespread ofpandemic flu.And becauseknowledge isthe currencyof the 21stcentury, wewill increase

exchanges between our stu-dents, our colleges and ouruniversities, which areamong the best in the world.As we work to advance

our shared prosperity, wecan partner to address asecond priority —- and that isour shared security. In Mum-bai, I met with the coura-geous families and survivorsof that barbaric attack. Andhere in Parliament, whichwas itself targeted becauseof the democracy it repre-sents, we honor the memoryof all those who have beentaken from us, includingAmerican citizens on 26/11and Indian citizens on 9/11.This is the bond that we

share. It’s why we insist that

nothing ever justifies theslaughter of innocent men,women and children. It’s whywe’re working together, moreclosely than ever, to preventterrorist attacks and todeepen our cooperationeven further. And it’s why, asstrong and resilient societies,we refuse to live in fear. Wewill not sacrifice the valuesand rule of law that definesus, and we will never waverin the defense of our people.America’s fight against al

Qaeda and its terrorist affili-ates is why we persevere inAfghanistan, where majordevelopment assistance fromIndia has improved the livesof the Afghan people. We’remaking progress in our mis-sion to break the Taliban’smomentum and to trainAfghan forces so they cantake the lead for their secu-rity. And while I have madeit clear that American forceswill begin the transition toAfghan responsibility nextsummer, I’ve also made itclear that America’s commit-ment to the Afghan peoplewill endure. The UnitedStates will not abandon thepeople of Afghanistan -— orthe region -— to violent ex-tremists who threaten us all.Our strategy to disrupt

and dismantle and defeat alQaeda and its affiliates hasto succeed on both sides ofthe border. And that’s whywe have worked with thePakistani government to ad-dress the threat of terroristnetworks in the border re-gion. The Pakistani govern-ment increasingly recognizesthat these networks are notjust a threat outside of Pak-istan —- they are a threat tothe Pakistani people as well.They’ve suffered greatly at

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the hands of violent extrem-ists over the last several years.

And we’ll continue to in-sist to Pakistan’s leaders thatterrorist safe havens withintheir borders are unaccept-able, and that terrorists be-hind the Mumbai attacksmust be brought to justice.We must also recognize thatall of us have an interest inboth an Afghanistan and aPakistan that is stable andprosperous and democratic—- and India has an interestin that as well.

In pursuit of regional se-curity, we will continue towelcome dialogue betweenIndia and Pakistan, even aswe recognize that disputesbetween your two countriescan only be resolved by thepeople of your two countries.

More broadly, India andthe United States can part-ner in Asia. Today, theUnited States is once againplaying a leadership role inAsia —- strengthening old al-liances; deepening relation-ships, as we are doing withChina; and we’re reengagingwith regional organizationslike ASEAN and joining theEast Asia summit —- organi-zations in which India isalso a partner. Like yourneighbors in Southeast Asia,we want India not only to“look East,” we want India to“engage East” —- because itwill increase the security andprosperity of all our nations.

As two global leaders, theUnited States and India canpartner for global security —-especially as India serves onthe Security Council overthe next two years. Indeed,the just and sustainable in-ternational order that Amer-ica seeks includes a UnitedNations that is efficient, ef-

fective, credible and legiti-mate. That is why I can saytoday, in the years ahead, Ilook forward to a reformedUnited Nations SecurityCouncil that includes Indiaas a permanent member.

Now, let me suggest thatwith increased power comesincreased responsibility. TheUnited Nations exists to ful-fill its founding ideals of pre-serving peace and security,promoting global coopera-tion, and advancing humanrights. These are the respon-sibilities of all nations, butespecially those that seek tolead in the21st century.And so welook forwardto workingwith India —-and other na-tions that as-pire toSecurityCouncilmembership -— to ensurethat the Se-curity Council is effective;that resolutions are imple-mented, that sanctions areenforced; that we strengthenthe international normswhich recognize the rightsand responsibilities of all na-tions and all individuals.

This includes our respon-sibility to prevent the spreadof nuclear weapons. Since Itook office, the UnitedStates has reduced the roleof nuclear weapons in ournational security strategy,and we’ve agreed with Rus-sia to reduce our own arse-nals. We have putpreventing nuclear prolifera-tion and nuclear terrorism atthe top of our nuclearagenda, and we have

strengthened the corner-stone of the global non-pro-liferation regime, which isthe Nuclear Non-Prolifera-tion Treaty.

Together, the UnitedStates and India can pursueour goal of securing theworld’s vulnerable nuclearmaterials. We can make itclear that even as every na-tion has the right to peace-ful nuclear energy, everynation must also meet its in-ternational obligations —-and that includes the IslamicRepublic of Iran. And to-gether, we can pursue a vision

that Indian leaders have es-poused since independence —-a world without nuclearweapons.

And this leads me to thefinal area where our coun-tries can partner —- strength-ening the foundations ofdemocratic governance, notonly at home but abroad.

In the United States, myadministration has workedto make government moreopen and transparent andaccountable to people. Herein India, you’re harnessingtechnologies to do the same,as I saw yesterday at anexpo in Mumbai. Your land-mark Right to InformationAct is empowering citizenswith the ability to get the

services to which they’re en-titled -- (applause) -- and tohold officials accountable.Voters can get informationabout candidates by textmessage. And you’re deliver-ing education and healthcare services to rural com-munities, as I saw yesterdaywhen I joined an e-pan-chayat with villagers in Ra-jasthan.

Now, in a new collabora-tion on open government,our two countries are goingto share our experience,identify what works, and de-velop the next generation of

tools to empower citizens.And in another example ofhow American and Indianpartnership can addressglobal challenges, we’regoing to share these innova-tions with civil societygroups and countriesaround the world. We’regoing to show that democ-racy, more than any otherform of government, deliversfor the common man —- andwoman.

Likewise, when Indiansvote, the whole worldwatches. Thousands of polit-ical parties; hundreds ofthousands of polling centers;millions of candidates andpoll workers -- and 700 mil-lion voters. There’s nothing

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like it on the planet. Thereis so much that countriestransitioning to democracycould learn from India’s ex-perience, so much expertisethat India can share with theworld. And that, too, is whatis possible when the world’slargest democracy embracesits role as a global leader.

As the world’s two largestdemocracies, we must neverforget that the price of ourown freedom is standing upfor the freedom of others.(Applause.) Indians knowthis, for it is the story of yournation. Before he everbegan his struggle for Indianindependence, Gandhi stoodup for the rights of Indiansin South Africa. Just as oth-ers, including the UnitedStates, supported Indian in-dependence, India champi-oned the self-determinationof peoples from Africa toAsia as they, too, broke freefrom colonialism. (Ap-plause.) And along with theUnited States, you’ve been aleader in supporting demo-cratic development and civilsociety groups around theworld. And this, too, is partof India’s greatness.

Now, we all understandevery country will follow itsown path. No one nationhas a monopoly on wisdom,and no nation should evertry to impose its values onanother. But when peacefuldemocratic movements aresuppressed —- as they havebeen in Burma, for example-- then the democracies ofthe world cannot remainsilent. For it is unacceptableto gun down peaceful pro-testors and incarcerate polit-ical prisoners decade afterdecade. It is unacceptable tohold the aspirations of an

entire people hostage to thegreed and paranoia of bank-rupt regimes. It is unaccept-able to steal elections, as theregime in Burma has doneagain for all the world to see.

Faced with such gross vio-lations of human rights, it isthe responsibility of the in-ternational community —- es-pecially leaders like theUnited States and India —- tocondemn it.

And if I can be frank, ininternational fora, India hasoften shied away from someof these issues.

But speaking up for thosewho cannot do so for them-selves is not interfering inthe affairs of other countries.It’s not violating the rights ofsovereign nations.

It is staying true to ourdemocratic principles. It isgiving meaning to thehuman rights that we sayare universal. And it sustainsthe progress that in Asiaand around the world hashelped turn dictatorshipsinto democracies and ulti-mately increased our secu-rity in the world.

So promoting sharedprosperity, preserving peaceand security, strengtheningdemocratic governance andhuman rights -- these arethe responsibilities of leader-ship. And as global partners,this is the leadership thatthe United States and Indiacan offer in the 21st century.Ultimately though, this can-not be a relationship onlybetween presidents andprime ministers, or in thehalls of this Parliament.

Ultimately, this must be apartnership between ourpeoples.

So I want to conclude byspeaking directly to the peo-

ple of India who are watch-ing today.

In your lives, you haveovercome odds that mighthave overwhelmed a lessercountry. In just decades, youhave achieved progress anddevelopment that took othernations centuries.

You are now assumingyour rightful place as aleader among nations. Yourparents and grandparentsimagined this. Your childrenand grandchildren will lookback on this. But only thisgeneration of Indians canseize the possibilities of themoment.

As you carry on with thehard work ahead, I wantevery Indian citizen to know:The United States of Amer-ica will not simply be cheer-ing you on from thesidelines. We will be rightthere with you, shoulder toshoulder. Because we be-lieve in the promise of India.We believe that the future iswhat we make it. We believethat no matter who you areor where you come from,every person can fulfill theirGod-given potential, just as aDalit like Dr. Ambedkarcould lift himself up and penthe words of the Constitu-tion that protects the rightsof all Indians.

We believe that no matterwhere you live —- whether avillage in Punjab or the by-lanes of Chandni Chowk --(laughter) -- an old sectionof Kolkata or a new high-rise in Bangalore -- everyperson deserves the samechance to live in securityand dignity, to get an educa-tion, to find work, to givetheir children a better future.

And we believe that whencountries and cultures put

aside old habits and atti-tudes that keep peopleapart, when we recognizeour common humanity, thenwe can begin to fulfill theseaspirations that we share.It’s a simple lesson con-tained in that collection ofstories which has guided In-dians for centuries —- thePanchtantra. And it’s thespirit of the inscription seenby all who enter this greathall:

“That one is mine and theother a stranger is the con-cept of little minds. But tothe large-hearted, the worlditself is their family.”

This is the story of India;this is the story of America —- that despite their differ-ences, people can seethemselves in one another,and work together and suc-ceed together as one proudnation.

And it can be the spirit ofpartnership between our na-tions —- that even as wehonor the histories which indifferent times kept us apart,even as we preserve whatmakes us unique in a glob-alized world, we can recog-nize how much we canachieve together.

And if we let this simpleconcept be our guide, if wepursue the vision I’ve de-scribed today —- a global part-nership to meet globalchallenges —- then I have nodoubt that future generations—- Indians and Americans —-will live in a world that ismore prosperous and moresecure and more just be-cause of the bonds that ourgeneration has forged today.

So, thank you, and JaiHind. And long live the part-nership between India andthe United States.

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�S First ladyMichelle Obamashopped for aslice of India in

New Delhi on November 8,2010, almost running out ofmoney as she splurged onbedspreads, paintings andcurios as the perfect Christ-mas gifts! But there was alsoa moment in the capital'ssun-draped crafts museumwhen she stood entrancedby the strains of ‘baul’ folkmusic. The First Lady wenton a shopping spree after ar-riving at the National Handi-crafts and HandloomMuseum at 10.45 A.M. Shelingered for nearly two hours,shooting well past her one-hour scheduled program.Museum chairpersonRuchira Ghosh walked theFirst Lady through the gal-leries. “She was so impressedwith the Indian handicraftson display that she did notwant to leave. She went on ashopping binge, buying al-most everything she cameacross,” said Ghosh.She purchased four kan-tha bedspreads from a Ben-gal counter, greeting cardshandpainted with Mad-hubani motifs from Bihar,colourful wooden keychains, Ganesha icons fromKarnataka, and a crochetdining table cover fromAndhra Pradesh. The FirstLady said she would havebought more had she beenleft with more money, thoseat the museum said.About 20 women artisansfrom across the country ex-hibited their work on the oc-casion. “The First Lady said

she had no idea that womencould make so many differentkind of craft products,”Ghosh said.The First Lady exhaustedher shopping budget at thecrafts museum and said theIndian craft items were idealgifts for Christmas, barelyone-and-a-half months away.“This is a historic occasionfor the museum. She was im-pressed by what she saw. Ear-lier Hillary Clinton and herdaughter had also visited themuseum,” museum chairper-son Ruchira Ghosh said. A gentle breeze ruffled thegiant trees inside the com-plex as a five-membertroupe of ‘baul’ minstrelsfrom West Bengal set thetone of her visit with songsof Lalan Fakir.“Shob loke koy Lalon kijaat shangshare...,” sangSwarasati Banerjee and hertroupe clad in saffron robesto the sounds of the ektaraand dhol as the First Ladylistened to them for a fewminutes, entranced by thefolk melody.She was clad in the sameblack and green dress shehad worn at MahatmaGandhi’s memorial Rajghatand from where she drovedown in an eight-vehicleconvoy to thecrafts museumwhile her hus-band and USPresident BarackObama left forHyderabad House for talkswith Prime Minister Manmo-han Singh.What she bought was anenchanting mix of art and ac-

cessories — colourful Kutchiembroidered textile craft, pat-achitra from Bengal, woodcraft from Karnataka and tex-tile craft from the northeast.The First Lady purchased15 mobile covers, 15 rag Gu-jarati dolls and five yogithailas or embroidered bags.The next stop on her list wasa vend from Orissa fromwhere she bought hand fansand elephants made of ricestalks. “She bought a ragdoll that my four-year-olddaughter was making,”Sumar Bhura, an artisanfrom Kutch, said. The museum, which isusually closed Monday, waskept open specially for theFirst Lady. The First Ladyalso took time out to talk to14 poor girls from Punjab,Rajasthan and New Delhi.She answered queries abouther “dreams, her life, herdaughters and enquiredabout the children — andtheir livelihoods” over snacksand soft drinks.The girls were brought tothe crafts museum by theNanhi Chaan Foundation,an organisation working for

the welfare of the girl child.“We wanted to highlightthe plight of these children.We are not looking at anykind of help from the firstcouple — but just a little visi-bility for the girls and expo-sure to the world they livein,” Sanjay Joshi of NanhiChaan said. The First Ladystruck an instant chord withthe children offering them“biscuits and drinks” andfielding their innocent queries“with patience and a smile”.“She was wonderful withthe children,” Ghosh said.At the end, a delightedFirst Lady wished she “hadmore time to spend at themuseum”.

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�he Joint Statementreaffirms their na-tions’ shared valuesand increasing con-

vergence of interests, PrimeMinister Dr. ManmohanSingh and President BarackObama resolved today inNew Delhi to expand andstrengthen the India-U.S.global strategic partnership.The two leaders welcomed

the deepening relationshipbetween the world’s twolargest democracies. Theycommended the growing co-operation between their gov-ernments, citizens,businesses, universities andscientific institutions, whichhave thrived on a sharedculture of pluralism, educa-tion, enterprise, and innova-tion, and have benefited thepeople of both countries.Building on the transfor-

mation in India-U.S. rela-tions over the past decade,the two leaders resolved tointensify cooperation be-tween their nations to pro-mote a secure and stableworld; advance technologyand innovation; expand mu-tual prosperity and globaleconomic growth; supportsustainable development;and exercise global leader-ship in support of economicdevelopment, open govern-ment and democratic values.The two leaders reaffirmed

that India-U.S. strategic part-nership is indispensable notonly for their two countriesbut also for global stabilityand prosperity in the 21stcentury. To that end, PresidentObama welcomed India’semergence as a major re-gional and global power andaffirmed his country’s interestin India’s rise, its economicprosperity, and its security.

�� 01��Prime Minister Singh andPresident Obama called foran efficient, effective, credi-ble and legitimate UnitedNations to ensure a just andsustainable internationalorder. Prime Minister Singhwelcomed PresidentObama’s affirmation that, inthe years ahead, the UnitedStates looks forward to a re-formed UN Security Councilthat includes India as a per-

manent member. The twoleaders reaffirmed that allnations, especially those thatseek to lead in the 21st cen-tury, bear responsibility toensure that the United Na-tions fulfills its foundingideals of preserving peaceand security, promotingglobal cooperation, and ad-vancing human rights.Prime Minister Singh and

President Obama reiteratedthat India and the UnitedStates, as global leaders, willpartner for global security,especially as India serves onthe Security Council overthe next two years. The lead-ers agreed that their delega-tions in New York willintensify their engagementand work together to ensurethat the Council continuesto effectively play the roleenvisioned for it in theUnited Nations Charter.

Both leaders underscoredthat all states have an obli-gation to comply with andimplement UN SecurityCouncil Resolutions, includ-ing UN sanctions regimes.They also agreed to holdregular consultations on UNmatters, including on thelong-term sustainability ofUN peacekeeping opera-tions. As the two largestdemocracies, both countriesalso reaffirmed their strongcommitment to the UNDemocracy Fund.

The two leaders have ashared vision for peace, sta-bility and prosperity in Asia,the Indian Ocean regionand the Pacific region andcommitted to work together,and with others in the re-gion, for the evolution of anopen, balanced and inclu-sive architecture in the re-gion. In this context, theleaders reaffirmed their sup-port for the East Asia Sum-mit and committed toregular consultations in thisregard. The United Stateswelcomes, in particular,India’s leadership in expand-ing prosperity and securityacross the region. The twoleaders agreed to deepen ex-isting regular strategic con-sultations on developmentsin East Asia, and decided toexpand and intensify theirstrategic consultations tocover regional and global is-

sues of mutual interest, in-cluding Central and WestAsia.The two sides committed

to intensify consultation, co-operation and coordinationto promote a stable, demo-cratic, prosperous, and inde-pendent Afghanistan.President Obama appreci-ated India’s enormous con-tribution to Afghanistan’sdevelopment and welcomedenhanced Indian assistancethat will help Afghanistanachieve self-sufficiency. In

addition to their own inde-pendent assistance pro-grams in Afghanistan, thetwo sides resolved to pursuejoint development projectswith the Afghan Govern-ment in capacity building,agriculture and women’s em-powerment.They reiterated that suc-

cess in Afghanistan and re-gional and global securityrequire elimination of safehavens and infrastructurefor terrorism and violent ex-tremism in Afghanistan andPakistan. Condemning ter-rorism in all its forms, thetwo sides agreed that all ter-rorist networks, includingLashkar e-Taiba, must bedefeated and called for Pak-istan to bring to justice theperpetrators of the Novem-ber 2008 Mumbai attacks.Building upon the CounterTerrorism Initiative signed in

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July 2010, the two leadersannounced a new Home-land Security Dialogue be-tween the Ministry of HomeAffairs and the Departmentof Homeland Security andagreed to further deepen op-erational cooperation,counter-terrorism technologytransfers and capacity build-ing. The two leaders alsoemphasized the importanceof close cooperation in com-bating terrorist financingand in protecting the inter-national financial system.In an increasingly inter-de-

pendent world, the stabilityof, and access to, the air,sea, space, and cyberspacedomains is vital for the secu-rity and economic prosperityof nations. Acknowledgingtheir commitment to open-ness and responsible inter-national conduct, and onthe basis of their shared val-ues, India and the UnitedStates have launched a dia-logue to explore ways towork together, as well aswith other countries, to de-velop a shared vision forthese critical domains topromote peace, security anddevelopment. The leadersreaffirmed the importance ofmaritime security, unim-peded commerce, and free-dom of navigation, inaccordance with relevantuniversally agreed principlesof international law, includ-ing the United Nations Con-

vention on the Law of theSea, and peaceful settlementof maritime disputes.The transformation in

India-U.S. defense coopera-tion in recent years hasstrengthened mutual under-standing on regional peaceand stability, enhanced bothcountries’ respective capaci-ties to meet humanitarianand other challenges suchas terrorism and piracy, andcontributed to the develop-ment of the strategic part-nership between India andthe United States. The two

Governments resolved tofurther strengthen defensecooperation, includingthrough security dialogue,exercises, and promotingtrade and collaboration indefense equipment andtechnology. PresidentObama welcomed India's de-cision to purchase U.S. high-technology defense items,which reflects our strength-ening bilateral defense rela-tions and will contribute tocreating jobs in the UnitedStates.The two leaders affirmed

that their countries’ com-mon ideals, complementarystrengths and a shared com-mitment to a world withoutnuclear weapons give thema responsibility to forge astrong partnership to leadglobal efforts for non-prolif-eration and universal andnon-discriminatory global

nuclear disarmament in the21st century. They affirmedthe need for a meaningfuldialogue among all statespossessing nuclear weaponsto build trust and confi-dence and for reducing thesalience of nuclear weaponsin international affairs andsecurity doctrines. They sup-port strengthening the sixdecade-old internationalnorm of non-use of nuclearweapons. They expressed acommitment to strengtheninternational cooperative ac-tivities that will reduce the

risk of terrorists acquiringnuclear weapons or materialwithout reducing the rightsof nations that play by therules to harness the powerof nuclear energy to advancetheir energy security. Theleaders reaffirmed theirshared dedication to worktogether to realize the com-mitments outlined at theApril 2010 Nuclear SecuritySummit to achieve the goalof securing vulnerable nu-clear materials in the nextfour years. Both sides ex-pressed deep concern re-garding illicit nucleartrafficking and smugglingand resolved to strengtheninternational cooperative ef-forts to address thesethreats through the IAEA,Interpol and in the contextof the Nuclear SecuritySummit Communiqué andAction Plan. The two sides

welcomed the Memorandumof Understanding for coop-eration in the Global Centrefor Nuclear Energy Partner-ship being established byIndia.Both sides expressed deep

concern about the threat ofbiological terrorism andpledged to promote interna-tional efforts to ensure thesafety and security of biolog-ical agents and toxins. Theystressed the need to achievefull implementation of theBiological and ToxinWeapons Convention andexpressed the hope for asuccessful BWC ReviewConference in 2011. TheUnited States welcomedIndia’s destruction of itschemical weapons stockpilein accordance with the pro-visions of the ChemicalWeapons Convention. Bothcountries affirmed theirshared commitment to pro-moting the full and effectiveimplementation of the CWC.The two leaders expressed

regret at the delay in startingnegotiations in the Confer-ence on Disarmament for amultilateral, non-discrimina-tory and internationally andeffectively verifiable treatybanning the future produc-tion of fissile material fornuclear weapons or othernuclear explosive devices.India reaffirmed its unilat-

eral and voluntary morato-rium on nuclear explosivetesting. The United Statesreaffirmed its testing morato-rium and its commitment toratify the ComprehensiveTest Ban Treaty and bring itinto force at an early date.The leaders reaffirmed

their commitment to diplo-macy to resolve the Iraniannuclear issue, and discussedthe need for Iran to take

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constructive and immediatesteps to meet its obligationsto the IAEA and the UN Se-curity Council.

��Recognizing that India andthe United States shouldplay a leadership role in pro-moting global nonprolifera-tion objectives and theirdesire to expand high tech-nology cooperation andtrade, Prime Minister Singhand President Obama com-mitted to work together tostrengthen the global exportcontrol framework and fur-ther transform bilateral ex-port control regulations andpolicies to realize the fullpotential of the strategicpartnership between the twocountries.Accordingly, the two lead-

ers decided to take mutualsteps to expand U.S.-India

cooperation in civil space,defense, and other high-technology sectors. Com-mensurate with India’snonproliferation record andcommitment to abide bymultilateral export controlstandards, these steps in-clude the United States re-moving Indian entities fromthe U.S. Department ofCommerce’s “Entity List” andrealignment of India in U.S.export control regulations.In addition, the United

States intends to supportIndia’s full membership inthe four multilateral exportcontrol regimes (NuclearSuppliers Group, MissileTechnology Control Regime,Australia Group, and Wasse-naar Arrangement) in aphased manner, and to con-sult with regime members toencourage the evolution ofregime membership criteria,consistent with maintaining

the core principles of theseregimes, as the Governmentof India takes steps towardsthe full adoption of theregimes’ export control re-quirements to reflect itsprospective membership,with both processes movingforward together. In the viewof the United States, Indiashould qualify for member-ship in the Australia Groupand the Wassenaar Arrange-ment according to existingrequirements once it im-poses export controls overall items on these regimes’control lists.Both leaders reaffirmed

the assurances provided inthe letters exchanged inSeptember 2004 and theEnd-Use Visit Arrangement,and determined that the twogovernments had reachedan understanding to imple-ment these initiatives consis-tent with their respective

national export control lawsand policies. The Prime Min-ister and President commit-ted to a strengthened andexpanded dialogue on ex-port control issues, throughfora such as the U.S.-IndiaHigh Technology Coopera-tion Group, on aspects ofcapacity building, sharing ofbest practices, and outreachwith industry.The possibility of coopera-

tion between the two na-tions in space, to advancescientific knowledge andhuman welfare, are withoutboundaries and limits. Theycommended their space sci-entists for launching newinitiatives in climate andweather forecasting for agri-culture, navigation, resourcemapping, research and de-velopment, and capacitybuilding. They agreed tocontinue discussions on andseek ways to collaborate on

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future lunar missions, inter-national space station,human space flight and datasharing, and to reconvenethe Civil Space Joint Work-ing Group in early 2011.They highlighted the justconcluded ImplementingArrangement for enhancedmonsoon forecasting thatwill begin to transmit de-tailed forecasts to farmersbeginning with the 2011monsoon rainy season as animportant example of bilat-eral scientific cooperationadvancing economic devel-opment, agriculture andfood security.The two leaders welcomed

the completion of steps bythe two governments for im-plementation of the India-U.S. civil nuclear agreement.They reiterated their com-mitment to build strongIndia-U.S. civil nuclear en-ergy cooperation throughthe participation of the U.S.nuclear energy firms in Indiaon the basis of mutually ac-ceptable technical and com-mercial terms andconditions that enable a vi-able tariff regime for electric-ity generated. They notedthat both countries had en-acted domestic legislationsand were also signatories tothe Convention on Supple-mentary Compensation.They further noted thatIndia intends to ratify theConvention on Supplemen-tary Compensation withinthe coming year and is com-mitted to ensuring a levelplaying field for U.S. compa-nies seeking to enter the In-dian nuclear energy sector,consistent with India’s na-tional and international legalobligations.India will continue to work

with the companies. In this

context, they welcomed thecommencement of negotia-tions and dialogue betweenthe Indian operator and U.S.nuclear energy companies,and expressed hope for earlycommencement of commer-cial cooperation in the civilnuclear energy sector inIndia, which will stimulateeconomic growth and sus-tainable development andgenerate employment inboth countries.Just as they have helped

develop the knowledgeeconomy, India and theUnited States resolved tostrengthen their partnershipin creating the green econ-omy of the future. To thisend, both countries have un-dertaken joint research anddeployment of clean energyresources, such as solar, ad-vanced biofuels, shale gas,and smart grids. The twoleaders also welcomed thepromotion of clean and en-ergy efficient technologiesthrough the bilateral Part-nership to Advance CleanEnergy (PACE) and ex-panded cooperation with theprivate sector. They wel-comed the conclusion of anew MoU on assessmentand exploration of shale gasand an agreement to estab-lish a Joint Clean Energy Re-search Center in India asimportant milestones intheir rapidly growing cleanenergy cooperation.The leaders discussed the

importance of working bilat-erally, through the MajorEconomies Forum (MEF),and in the context of the in-ternational climate changenegotiations within theframework of the UNFCCCto meet the challenge of cli-mate change. Prime MinisterSingh and President Obama

reiterated the importance ofa positive result for the cur-rent climate change negotia-tions at the forthcomingconference of the UnitedNations Framework Conven-tion on Climate Change(UNFCCC) in Mexico and af-firmed their support for theCopenhagen Accord, whichshould contribute positivelyto a successful outcome inCancun. To that end, theleaders welcomed enhancedcooperation in the area ofclimate adaptation and sus-tainable land use, and wel-comed the new partnershipbetween the United Statesand India on forestry pro-grams and in weather fore-casting.

��The two leaders stressedthat India and the UnitedStates, anchored in democ-racy and diversity, blessedwith enormous enterpriseand skill, and endowed withsynergies drawn from India’srapid growth and U.S. globaleconomic leadership, have anatural partnership for en-hancing mutual prosperityand stimulating global eco-nomic recovery and growth.They emphasize innovationnot only as a tool for eco-nomic growth and globalcompetitiveness, but also forsocial transformation andempowerment of people.Prime Minister Singh and

President Obama celebratedthe recent growth in bilateraltrade and investment, char-acterized by balanced andrapidly growing trade ingoods and services. Theynoted positively that theUnited States is India’s

largest trading partner ingoods and services, andIndia is now among thefastest growing sources offoreign direct investment en-tering the United States. Thetwo leaders agreed on stepsto reduce trade barriers andprotectionist measures andencourage research and in-novation to create jobs andimprove livelihoods in theircountries.They also welcomed ex-

panding investment flow inboth directions. They notedgrowing ties between U.S.and Indian firms and calledfor enhanced investmentflows, including in India’s in-frastructure sector, clean en-ergy, energy efficiency,aviation and transportation,healthcare, food processingsector and education. Theywelcomed the work of theU.S.-India CEO Forum toexpand cooperation betweenthe two countries, includingin the areas of clean energyand infrastructure develop-ment. They also encouragedenhanced engagement byIndian and American smalland medium-sized enter-prises as a critical driver ofour economic relationship.They looked forward tobuilding on these develop-ments to realize fully theenormous potential for tradeand investment between thetwo countries.Recognizing the people-to-

people dynamic behindtrade and investmentgrowth, they called for inten-sified consultations on socialsecurity issues at an appro-priate time. The two leadersagreed to facilitate greatermovement of professionals,investors and business trav-elers, students, and ex-change visitors between their

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countries to enhance theireconomic and technologicalpartnership.To enhance growth glob-

ally, the Prime Minster andPresident highlighted bothnations’ interests in an am-bitious and balanced con-clusion to the WTO’s DohaDevelopment Agenda nego-tiations, and in having theirnegotiators accelerate andexpand the scope of theirsubstantive negotiations bi-laterally and with otherWTO members to accom-plish this as soon as possi-ble. They agreed to worktogether in the G-20 tomake progress on the broadrange of issues on itsagenda, including by en-couraging actions consistentwith achieving strong, bal-anced, and sustainablegrowth, strengthening finan-cial system regulation, re-forming the internationalfinancial institutions, en-hancing energy security, re-sisting protectionism in allits forms, reducing barriersto trade and investment, andimplementing the develop-ment action plans.Building on the historic

legacy of cooperation be-tween the India and theUnited States during theGreen Revolution, the lead-ers also decided to work to-gether to develop, test, andreplicate transformativetechnologies to extend foodsecurity as part of an Ever-green Revolution. Efforts willfocus on providing farmersthe means to improve agri-cultural productivity. Collab-oration also will enhanceagricultural value chain andstrengthen market institu-tions to reduce post-harvestcrop losses.Affirming the importance

of India-U.S. health coopera-tion, Prime Minister and thePresident celebrated thesigning of an MOU creatinga new Global Disease Detec-tion Regional Center in NewDelhi, which will facilitatepreparedness against threatsto health such as pandemicinfluenza and other danger-ous diseases.Embracing the principles

of democracy and opportu-nity, the leaders recognizedthat the full future potentialof the partnership lies in thehands of the next genera-

tion in both countries. Tohelp ensure that all mem-bers of that generation enjoythe benefits of higher educa-tion, the Prime Minister andthe President agreed to con-vene an India-U.S. HigherEducation Summit, chairedby senior officials from bothcountries in 2011, as part ofa continued effort tostrengthen educational op-portunities. They welcomedthe progress made in imple-menting the Singh-Obama21st Century Knowledge Ini-tiative that is expandinglinks between faculties andinstitutions of the two coun-tries and the expansion inthe Nehru-Fulbright Pro-gramme for Scholars.Noting that the ties of kin-

ship and culture are an in-creasingly importantdimension of India-U.S. rela-tions, President Obama wel-

comed India’s decision tohold a Festival of India inWashington DC in 2011.Recognizing the importanceof preserving cultural her-itage, both governments re-solved to initiate discussionson how India and theUnited States could partnerto prevent the illicit traffick-ing of both countries’ richand unique cultural heritage.

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Consistent with their com-mitments to open and re-sponsive government, andharnessing the expertise andexperience that the twocountries have developed,the leaders launched a U.S.-India Open Government Di-alogue that will, throughpublic-private partnershipsand use of new technologiesand innovations, promotetheir shared goal of democ-ratizing access to informa-tion and energizing civicengagement, support globalinitiatives in this area andshare their expertise withother interested countries. This will build on India’s

impressive achievements inthis area in recent years andthe commitments that thePresident made to advancean open government agendaat the United Nations Gen-eral Assembly.

The President and PrimeMinister also pledged to ex-plore cooperation in supportof efforts to strengthen elec-tions organization and man-agement in other interestedcountries, including throughsharing their expertise inthis area.Taking advantage of the

global nature of their rela-tionship, and recognizingIndia’s vast development ex-perience and historical re-search strengths, the twoleaders pledged to work to-gether, in addition to their

independent programmes, toadapt shared innovationsand technologies and usetheir expertise in capacitybuilding to extend food se-curity to interested countries,including in Africa, in con-sultation with host govern-ments.Prime Minister Singh and

President Obama concludedthat their meeting is a his-toric milestone as they seekto elevate the India-U.S.strategic partnership to anew level for the benefit oftheir nations and the entiremankind. President Obamathanked President Patil,Prime Minister Singh, andthe people of India for theirextraordinary warmth andhospitality during his visit.The two leaders looked for-ward to the next session ofthe U.S.-India Strategic Dia-logue in 2011.

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�S President Barack Obama and his wife Michelle called on Indian President Pratibha Patil in the evening of November 8, 2010, at the Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi. The meeting was held in the MorningRoom of the Presidential Palace. Done up in bright yellow, the room was

adorned with Ajanta-style paintings and was personally redecorated by President Pratibha Patil. The Morning Room was chosen over the North Drawing Room, which isusually reserved for meeting with visiting Heads of States.

After their half-hour meeting, the Obamas took a walk around the beautiful MughalGardens, lighted specially for the occasion. They then attended a grand receptionlater at the garden, where a spectacular cultural extravaganza was also organized.

While welcoming President Obama, President Patil said “You are in our midst at atime when India-U.S. relations have never been stronger and the promise and potential of our partnership has never been greater.”

For the full text of President Patil’s speech, please see Page 64.

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�ice President Hamid Ansari on November8 said that the visit of President Obamato India will bring the people of the two

nations closer. Welcoming President Obama tothe Central Hall of Parliament for his address tomembers of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha,Vice President Ansari said India’s Constitutionhad been inspired by the values of liberty, consti-tutionalism, law, political and cultural equality.

“We have accommodated diversity, eschewedconflict and promoted peace,” he said. Ansari,who is Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, said thatthe U.S. and India have to do much together.

“We are confident the visit will bring our twopeoples closer,” he said.

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Website:www.chicago.indianconsulate.com

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Obama Special

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