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~Zë`m‘wio `mdfu MmH$a‘mÝ`m§Zm AÝ` ‘mJ© emoYmdm bmJUma Amho. Joë`mdfu KmQ> añVm H$mogië`m‘wio g§nwU© nmdgmim añVm ~§X H$amdm bmJbm hmoVm. `mdfu hm ‘mJ© gwpñWVrV Agë`mMo ~m§YH$m‘ {d^mJmH$Sy>Z gm§JÊ`mV Amë`mZo añVm dmhVwH$sbm Iwbm H$aÊ`mV Ambm. ‘mÌ, ZwH$Ë¶mM H$mogiboë`m XaS>r‘wio Am{U IMboë`m añË`m‘wio hm ‘mJ© YmoŠ`mMm Pmbm AgyZ, dmhZo H$miOrnyd©H$ MmbdmdrV, Ago AmdmhZ am`JS> nmo{bgm§Zr Ho$bo Amho.

Zoéi‘Ü¶o JwUd§V {dÚmÏ`mªMm gËH$ma

Zoéi … à^mJ H«$. 96 ‘Yrb Xhmdr d ~mamdr CÎmrU© Pmboë`m gd© JwUd§V {dÚmÏ¶mªMm gËH$ma ‘¡Ìr ’$mD§$S>oeZÀ`m dVrZo H$aÊ`mV Ambm. {dÚmÏ`mªMo ‘ZmoY¡ © dmT>mdo d nwT>rb e¡j{UH$ Am wî`mH$[aVm àmoËgmhZ {‘idyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r oQ>dñVy XoÊ`mV Amë`m. ‘w»` åhUOo, gwa{jVVoMo {Z`‘ nmiyZ gmogm`Q>r H${‘Q>r VgoM Á oð> ZmJ[aH$m§À`m hñVo JwUd§V {dÚmÏ¶mªMm gËH$ma H$aÊ`mV Ambm. Ë`mdoiog gmogm`Q>r nXm{YH$mar d ‘¡Ìr ’$mD§$S>oeZMo AÜ`j Aj` H$mio, gwZrb nmQ>rb, d¡ d OmYd, A‘mob S>m§Jo, A{^foH$ H$bJwQ>H$a, gwerb VwigUH$a, ‘Zrf ZmH$Vr, O`Xrn qgJ, {dO` eoiHo$, MoVZ ndma, A{ZHo$V ndma CnpñWV hmoVo. ¶mdoir CnpñWV ‘mÝ¶dam§Zr JwUd§V {dÚmÏ¶mªMo H$m¡VwH$ H$éZ Ë¶m§Zm ‘mobmMo ‘mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo. VgoM nwT>rb dmQ>MmbrgmR>r ew oÀN>m {Xë¶m. ¶m CnH«$‘m§Mo gd© ñVamVyZ H$m¡VwH$ H$aÊ¶m ¶oV Amho.

& H$O©V & dmVm©ha &Q>mio~§Xr‘wio ‘mWoamZ‘Yrb

KmoS>odmë¶m§da Am{W©H$ g§H$Q> H$mogibo AgyZ, n¶©Q>Z ì¶dgm¶ gwé hmoB©n¶ªV Ë¶m§Zm emgZmZo ‘XV Úmdr, Aer ‘mJUr H$aÊ¶mV Ambr Amho.

d§{MV ~hþOZ AmKmS>rÀ`m H$O©V emIoÀ¶m dVrZo ¶m ‘mJUrg§X^m©V {ZdoXZ XoÊ`mV Ambo. ‘mWoamZ‘Ü o oUmè`m àdmem§Mo AmH$f©U KmoS>oñdmar. XoemV 25 ‘mM©nmgyZ H$moamoZm àmXw m©dm‘wio bm°H$S>mD$Z Omhra Pmbm. Ë`m‘wio XoeâmVrb AZoH$ n ©Q>Z ñWio ~§X Pmbr. ‘mWoamZ‘Ü ogwÕm H$moamoZm, bm°H$S>mD$Z‘wio n ©Q>H$ oU§ ~§X Pmb§. Ë`m‘wio ‘mWoamZ‘Yrb n ©Q>Zmda Adb§~yZ Agbobo gd© ì`dgm` ~§X Pmbo AmhoV. `mMm gdm©V ‘moR>m ’$Q>H$m KmoS>odmë`m§Zm ~gbm Amho. KmoS>odmë¶m§Mr

H$‘mB© ~§X Pmë`m‘wio Hw$Qw>§~ MmbdU§ ‘wíH$sb Pmb§ Amho. Ë`mV KmoS>çm§Zm bmJUma§ ImÚgwÕm CnbãY H$am`M§ Amho. `m‘wio KmoS>odmë`m§Mr n[apñWVr {~H$Q> hmoD$Z ~gbr Amho. åhUyZM ‘mWoamZ‘Ü o n ©Q>H$ gwé hmoB©n ªV KmoS>odmë`m§Zm Am{W©H$ ‘XV H$amdr, Aer ‘mJUr {ZdoXZmÛmao H$aÊ`mV Ambr. H$O©VMo VhgrbXma {dH«$‘ Xoe‘wI m§Zm H$O©V VmbwH$m AÜ`j Y‘]Ð ‘moao `m§Zr {Xbo. `màg§Jr {Oëhm nXm{YH$mar gwZrb Jm`H$dmS>>, eha g{Md bmoHo$e `mXd CnpñWV hmoVo.

& Zoai & dmVm©ha &H$O©V ehambm bmJyZ

Agboë`m hmbrdbr J«m‘n§Mm`VrZo AmJimdoJim CnH«$‘ hmVr KoVbm Amho. S>moAañQ>on ~±qH$J hr g§H$ënZm am~{dbr AgyZ, hmbrdbr‘Ü o "~±H$ Amnë`m Xmar' Ambr Amho. Xaå`mZ, AmVm J«m‘ñWm§Zm n§VàYmZ {H$gmZ `moOZoMo n¡go Amnë`m JmdmVM H$mT>Vm oV AmhoV. hmbrdbrÀ`m gan§M à{‘bm ~moamS>o Am{U B§{S> m nmoñQ> no‘|Q> ~±Ho$Mo A{YH$mar `m§À`m ‘mÜ`‘mVyZ hr g§H$ënZm am~{dbr Amho.

gÜ`m H$moamoZmMm àmXw m©d hmoUma `m ^rVr‘wio Kam~mhoa nS>Uo YmoH$mXm`H$ ~Zbo Amho. Ë`mV amï>r`rH¥$V ~±Ho$VXoIrb n¡go H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r Iyn am§Jm bmJboë`m AgVmV. Ë`m‘wio AZoH$ J«m‘ñWm§Zm {H$‘mZ n§VàYmZ {H$gmZ moOZoVrb

n¡go H$mT>UoXoIrb ghO eŠ` am{hbo Zmhr. `m `moOZoVrb n¡go Amnë`m ~±H$ ImË`mV O‘m ìhmdoV Am{U Ë`m§Mm ~±Ho$V OmD$Z VmgZ²Vmg C o amhÊ`mMm Ìmg H$‘r ìhmdm `mgmR>r hmbrdbr J«m‘n§Mm`VrÀ`m gan§M à{‘bm ~moamS>o `m§Zr B§{S> m nmoñQ> no‘|Q> ~±qH$J gw{dYm gwê$ ìhmdr `mgmR>r à`ËZ Ho$bo. Ë`m§À`m à`ËZmbm è Ambo AgyZ,

hmbrdbr J«m‘n§Mm`Vr‘Ü o B§{S> m nmoñQ> no‘|Q> ~±qH$J gw{dYm gwê$ Pmbr Amho. Ë`mMm ’$m`Xm hmbrdbrVrb eoVH$ar Am{U J«m‘ñWm§Zm hmoD$ bmJbm Amho. n§VàYmZ {H$gmZ `moOZoMo n¡go `m eoVH$è`m§Zm JmdmV S>moAa ñQ>on ~±qH$JÀ`m ‘mÜ`‘mVyZ {‘iy bmJbo AmhoV. hmbrdbr JmdmVrb J«m‘ñWm§Zm nmM {‘{ZQ>mV Ë`m§Mo n¡go WoQ> Ë`m eoVH$è`m§À`m

hmVmV Am{U Amnë`m JmdmVM {‘iy bmJbo AmhoV.

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CnpñWVrV Pmbm.

amï>ÜdOmMm Ad‘mZ amoIÊ`mgmR>r ‘ZgoMo noU

nmo{bgm§Zm {ZdoXZ& Iamoer & dmVm©ha &

ñdmV§Í¶{XZm{Z{‘Îm ~mOmamV {d{dY àH$maMo P|S>o CnbãY hmoV AgVmV. AmVm H$moamoZm ìhmàgMo dmVmdaU Agë`m‘wio {Va§Jm N>mnbobo ‘mñH$ ~mOmamV {dH«$sg Amë`mMo {ZXe©Zmg Ambo Amho. ho ‘mñH$ åhUOo amï>ÜdOmMm Ad‘mZ AgyZ, ¶m{déÕ H$madmB© H$amdr, Aer ‘mJUr ‘ZgoMo {dÚmWu {Oëhm g{Md énoe nmQ>rb `m§Zr Ho$br Amho.

¶m~m~V noU VhgrbXma d nmo{bgm§Zm {ZdoXZ XoÊ¶mV Ambo Amho. ~mOmamV {Va§Jm N>mnboë¶m ‘mñH$Mm dmna H$mhr bmoH$m§H$Sy>Z d bhmZ ‘wbm§H$Sy>Z hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgyZ, Ë`mMm dmna Pmë`mda Vo BVa ‘mñH$à‘mUo H$Mè`mV AJa BVaÌ Q>mH$Ê`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo. Amnë`m amï>ÜdOmMm Ad‘mZ H$aUmao H¥$Ë` Q>miÊ`mgmR>r ‘ZgoÀ`m dVrZo OZOmJ¥Vr H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aV AmhmoV. amï>ÜdOmMm Ad‘mZ H$aUmè¶m ‘mñH$ {dH«$sda ~§Xr AmUmdr, Aer ‘mJUrhr ‘ZgoZo ¶m {ZdoXZmV Ho$br Amho.

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JUoemoËgdmgmR>r MmH$a‘mZr Ambo Jmdmbm

hmbrdbr‘Ü o "~±H$ Amnë`m XmamV'

� eoVH$è`m§Zm Ë`m§Mo ~±Ho$Vrb n¡go JmdmVM XoVmZm gan§M.

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hmbrdbr J«m‘n§Mm¶V Am{U B§{S>¶m nmoñQ> no‘|Q> ~±Ho$Mm CnH«$‘

AmJ‘ZmMrMmhyb ~mßnmÀ¶m

& nmbr/~oUgo & dmVm©ha &^maVmVrb ‘hÎdnyU© àmMrZ d

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‘w $m‘r Amë`m AgyZ, ‘{hZmâ Ë`m oWoM Aä`mg d Ü`mZYmaUm H$aUma AmhoV. O§JbmVrb boÊ`mV Ë`m ^`‘w³V EH$m§V a{hdmg H$arV AmhoV.

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A‘o[aHo$Vrb ^ÝVo doZ gwH$m `m gmV Vo AmR> ‘{hÝ`m§nydu maVmV XmIb Pmë`m

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& Imonmobr & dmVm©ha &JUnVr CËgd H$mhr

{Xdgm§da odyZ R>onbm Agë`mZo ‘w§~B© qH$dm AÝ` ehamV ZmoH$argmR>r Jobobo JmdH$ar AmVm JUnVr CËgdmÀ`m gUmgmR>r Amnmnë`m Jmdmbm oÊ`mg gwédmV Pmbr Amho.

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H$er Var dmMbr Amho, Ë`m§Zm Vr {Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r ZmoH$arda OmdoM bmJUma Amho. ‘mÌ, Xadfu lÕoZo gmOè¶m hmoUmè`m JUoemoËgdmbm Jmdr oÊ`mMr hþahÿa àË oH$ MmH$a‘mÝ`mÀ`m öX`mV AgVo. Aímm MmH$a‘mÝ`m§Zm Jmdmbm OmñV {Xdg AJmoXa `m`bm {‘iUma Zmhr Var Ë`m§Zm H$moUr AS>MU {Z‘m©U H$ê$ Z o, Aerhr {dZdUr H$mhr MmH$a‘mÝ`m§H$Sy>Z ì`³V hmoVmZm {XgV Amho. §Xm JUnVr CËgdmda Ogo H$moamoZmMo g§H$Q> Amho, VgoM g§H$Q> nmdgmÀ`m ‘mÜ`‘mVyZ {Z‘m©U hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm ZmH$maVm oV Zgë`mZo bmoH$m§À`m AmZ§Xmbm Aerhr

‘waS> ~gUma Amho.JUnVr CËgd åhQ>b§ H$s

H$moH$UmVrb ‘mUgmbm MbMb âVo. VerM MbMb âbobo AZoH$ MmH$a‘mZr Amnë`m Jmdmbm JUnVr CËgdmgmR>r oV Agë`mMo {XgyZ oV

Amho. MmH$a‘mZr Oar ‘w§~B© qH$dm AÝ` eham§VyZ oUma Agbo, Var Ë`m§À`m Vã~oVrMr H$miOr Am{U H$moamoZmMr rVr

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§Xm ‘mÌ MmH$a‘mÝ`m§À`m ZmoH$arMm {dMma Ho$bm AgVm Ë`m§Zm {deof gyQ> {‘imdr, Agohr AZoH$ Jmdm§Vrb bmoH$m§Mo ‘V Amho. ’$³V oUmè`m MmH$a‘mÝ`m§Zr Amnbr

Vã~oV gm§ miyZ Jmdmbm mdo, Agohr JmdmVrb bmoH$m§Mo ‘V Amho.

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Jobmo ZìhVmo H$s ñdmV§Í¶ Úm åhUyZ, Ag§»` H«$m§{Vdram§Zr Amnë`m OrdZ g{‘Ym m H«$m§Vr`kmV An©U Ho$ë`m Am{U Amåhmbm ñdmV§Í¶ {‘idyZ {Xbo. Voam Mm¡Xm dfmªÀ`m H$modù`m VéUm§Zr N>mVmS>mda

Jmoù`m Pobë`m, EoZ VéUmB©V ^maV‘mVoÀ`m ñdmV§Í`mgmR>r H«$m§{VH$m`© H$éZ {~«{Q>e gÎmobm `‘gXZr YmSy>Z {Z^©`nUo hmVmV

ÜdO, ^JdVJrVm Am{U ‘wIm‘YyZ ^maV‘mVoMm OÒ`H$ma H$aV ’$mgmda Jobo. Ë`m‘wio ñdmV§Í` ho ghO nXamV nS>b§ Zmhrò, Oo {‘iV§ Vo ghO Agy eH$V§; na§Vw gd©ñdmMm hmo‘ H$ê$Z {‘idmd§ bmJV§ Vo åhUOo ñdmV§Í`, Ë`m‘wio `m ñdmV§Í`{XZmnmgyZ Amåhmbm ñdmV§Í¶ {‘imb§ Zmhr Va Vo Amåhr {‘idb§ hoM§ ê$T> H$ê$ `m Am{U H«$m§{VH$maH$m§À`m, amï´>nwéfm§À`m, g¡{ZH$m§À`m hm¡VmËå`mZo ñdV§Ì Pmbobr ^maV^y‘r hr {dídmbm ‘mJ©Xe©H$ Amho. `m Xod^y‘rV AmnU OÝ‘ KoVbm ho Amnbo ‘hV²^m½` Amho, Am{U `m ^maV‘mVoMo amï´>H$m`© H$ê$Z F$U ’o$S>Uo hrM `m ñdmV§Í`{XZr ^maV ‘mVo~Ôb H¥$VkVm R>aob.

- ñZohb {Z~«o, S>m|{~dbr

O`moñVwVo... H$moamoZm Zm‘H$ OmJ{VH$ ‘hm‘mar W¡‘mZ KmbV Amho,

bm°H$S>mD$ZMm ggo{‘am AOyZVar nmR>bmJ gmoS>VmZm {XgV Zmhr Am{U ~§{XñV Pmboë`m qhXwñWmZMm hm ñdmV§Í` {Xdg åhUOo {Z`VrMm

{d{MÌ `moJ åhUmdm bmJob. na§Vw, ^maVr` H$YrM WH$V Zmhr, haV Zmhr, Ë`mbm Ho$di bT>U§ ‘m{hVo`, H$maU em¡`m©Mm B{Vhmg ^maVmbm bm^bm Amho. ^maVmMr ~bñWmZo AmOda eÌybm H$mna§ âdV Ambr AmhoV. H$moamoZm Am‘Mo Xoeào‘ Wm§~dy eH$V Zmhr, ~§{XñV eara Agb§ Var ‘ZmMr, ~wÕrMr H$dmS§> CKSy>Z àËòH$ qhXwñWmZ‘Yrb ì`³Vr

"^maV ‘mVm H$s O`' hmM§ O`Kmof H$arb. H$moamoZm‘wio gU-CËgdm§da ‘`m©Xm Amë`m nU ^maVr`m§À`m CËgmhmda ‘`m©Xm H$YrM Amë`m ZmhrV qH$~hþZm òD$ eH$Uma ZmhrV, ^maV^yMr godm Am{U Ë`màVr g‘n©UmMr ^mdZm AmOhr H$amoS>mo ^maVr`m§‘Üò {Od§V Amho, nwÝhm

OÝ‘ {‘imbm Va `m ^maV^yMr godm H$aÊ`mg `mM ^y‘rV OÝ‘ {‘imo, Aer ^mdZm AZoH$ ^maV^y‘rÀ`m nwÌm§Zr ì`³V Ho$br Amho. `m rfU H$mimVrb ñdmV§Í`{XZmV Amnë`m {nT>rMr O~m~Xmar, VéU dJm©Mr O~m~Xmar dmT>br Amho. ñd¡amMma, ì`gZmYrZVm, AmË‘hË`m, M§JidmX `mnmgyZ namd¥Îm hmoD$Z B{VhmgmMo dmMZ, ‘ZZ Am{U H¥$Vr H$éZ Xod, Xoe AZ² Y‘©ajH$ `wdm {nT>r {Z‘m©U hmoD$Z qhXwñWmZmbm nwÝhm JVd¡^d àmá hmodmo, hrM ^Jd§V MaUr àmW©Zm.

- àgmX dS>Ho$, R>mUo

ñdmV§Í`{XZmÀ`m nmíd© y‘rda XoemMo n{hbo n§VàYmZ n§{S>V Zohé§Zr Vã~b gmV XeH$m§nydu Xoembm g§~mo{Ybo hmoVo. ñdmV§Í`mMr

n{hbr nhmQ> COmS>VmZm Amnbr JmR> {Z`Vrer Amho, Ago n§{S>VOr åhUmbo hmoVo. AmOhr Ë`m§Mo dmŠ` Amnë`mbm nQ>Vo. XrS>eo dfmªÀ`m {~«{Q>em§À`m Jwbm‘{JarVyZ AmnU 15 Am°JñQ> 1947 amoOr ‘w³V Pmbmo. AmO ‘mJo diyZ nmhmV AgVmZm AmnU AZoH$ AmKmS>çm§da Mm§Jbr H$m‘{Jar Ho$br Amho, ho H$mhr A‘mÝ` H$aVm oV Zmhr. ‘mÌ, `mhÿZ AmnU Mm§Jbr H$m‘{Jar H$é eH$bmo AgVmo, `mMrhr I§V Amnë`mbm AmhoM. n§{S>V Zohé§Zr ñdmV§Í`mZ§VaÀ`m Amnë`m n{hë`m ^mfUmV Xoembm bmoH$emhr, àOmgÎmmH$, g‘mOdmXr, gd©Y‘©g‘^md OnUmao amï> åhUyZ ñdrH$maÊ`mMo Omhra Ho$bo. ñdm§VÍ`mZ§VaMr Amnbr gdm©V ‘hÎdmMr H$‘mB© åhUOo Amnë`mH$S>rb bmoH$emhr. OJmVrb gdm©V ‘moR>r bmoH$emhr åhUyZ AmnU ‘moR>çm {X‘mImV AmO {‘adrV AmhmoV; na§Vw Ë`mMr nmio‘wio hr ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va amodbr Jobr. Amnë`m XoemV bmoH$emhr Ho$di éObr Zmhr, Va Vr ’$mo’$mdbr Amho. bmoH$emhrÀ`m ‘mÜ`‘mVyZ `m OZVobm gÎmmYmè¶m§Zm CbWyZ Q>mH$Ê`mMm A{YH$ma àmá Pmbm Amho d OZVoZo Amnbm B§Jm doimodoir XmI{dbmhr Amho. Aem àH$mao Amnë`mH$S>o a³VhrZ H«$m§Vr KS>br Amho. Ë`mCbQ>, Amnë`mM ~amo~arZo ñdV§Ì Pmboë`m nm{H$ñVmZmV ‘mÌ bmoH$emhr éObr Zmhr. ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va AmnU bmoH$emhr ñdrH$maV AgVmZm, g§{‘l AW©ì`dñWm ñdrH$mabr. Ë`mdoir OJ ho XmoZ {d^mJmV, åhUOo ^m§S>dbemhr d g‘mOdmXr mV {d^mJbo Joboobo hmoVo. maVmZo ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va Amnë`m JmoQ>mV gm‘rb ìhmdo, Ago A‘o[aH$ZYm{O©Ê`m ^m§S>dbemhrÀ`m g‘W©H$ Xoem§Zm dmQ>V hmoVo. na§Vw, Ë`mdoir Zohé ho g‘mOdmXmÀ`m {XeoZo PwH$bobo Agë`mZo Ë`m§Zr `mVyZ gwdU©‘Ü` H$mTy>Z g§{‘l AW©ì`dñWm ñdrH$maÊ`mMm {ZU© KoVbm. Ë`mM~amo~a Amnbo naamï> YmoaU ho Hw$UmÀ`mhr ~mOybm PwH$bobo Zgmdo d {Vgè¶m OJmMo AmnU ZoV¥Ëd H$amdo, `mgmR>r åhUyZ A{bá amï> g§KQ>ZoMr Midi Zohé§Zr C^mabr. Aem àH$maÀ`m OmJ{VH$ dmVmdaUmV AmnU Amnbr ñdmV§Í`mZ§VaMr dmQ>Mmb gwé Ho$br. ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va AmnU nwT>rb Mma XeH$m§V VrZ wÕm§Zm gm‘moao Jobmo. EH$ Va, Amnbr AW©ì`dñWm ZwH$VrM Hw$R>o C^mar KoV hmoVr, Ë`mV wÕmÀ`m Pim AZw dmì`m bmJë`m. Ë`mM~amo~a nya, yH§$n `mgma»¶m Z¡g{J©H$ g§H$Q>m§Mm AmnU doimodoir ‘wH$m~bm H$arV Ambmo. 91 gmbmZ§Va OJmMr gd© gyÌoM ~XbÊ`mg gwédmV Pmbr. gmopìhEV w{Z`Zgh g‘mOdmXr Xoem§À`m OJm§À`m AW©ì`dñWm H$mogiy bmJë`m. gmopìhEV w{Z`ZMr eH$bo Pmbr d OJmÀ`m ZH$memdéZ hm Xoe nwgbm Jobm. Amnë`m AW©ì`dñWoV EH$ àH$maMr {eWrbVm Ambr hmoVr. XoemVrb EHy$UM ‘aJi PQ>H$Ê`mMr Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr. gmd©O{ZH$ joÌmÀ`m àm~ë`m‘wio d ñnY}À`m A^mdm‘wio hr {eWrbVm Ambr hmoVr. Ë`m‘wio `mVyZ Xoembm gmdaÊ`mgmR>r AmnU Amnbr AW©ì`dñWm Iwbr H$aÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$br. hiyhiy AmnU ~mOmanoR>r` AW©ì`dñWoÀ`m {XeoZo dmQ>Mmb H$é bmJbmo. g‘mOdmXr OJ {dIwabo Joë`m‘wio Amnë`mbm A‘o[aHo$er XmoñVr dmT>{dUo, hmM EH$‘od n`m© hmoVm. AmnU Amnbr AW©ì`dñWm Iwbr Ho$ë`m‘wio Amnbm {dH$mg PnmQ>çmZo hmoVmo Amho, Ago {Xgy bmJbo. ‘mÌ, AmVm CXmarH$aUmÀ`m VrZ XeH$m§Z§Va AmnU {dH$mg Oéa Ho$ë`mMo {XgVo, ‘mÌ hm {dH$mg Ag‘Vmob nÕVrZo Pmbm Amho. XoemVrb Xm[aÐç {ZpíMVM H$‘r Pmbo; na§Vw AOyZhr XoemV J[a~r Amho. lr‘§V Á`m JVrZo AmUIr lr‘§V Pmbo, Ë`mVwbZoV Jar~m§Zm Ë`m§À`m CËnÞ JQ>mVyZ PnmQ>çmZo da H$mT>Uo Amnë`mbm H$mhr eŠ` Pmbo Zmhr. Amnë`m XoemVrb 70 Q> o$ ‘mb‘Îmm hr Ho$di XmoZ Q> $m bmoH$m§H$S>o H|${ÐV Pmbr Amho. Ë`m‘wio Amnë`mH$S>o {df‘VoMr Xar gmVË`mZo dmT>V Mmbbr Amho d hoM gdm©V YmoH$mXm`H$ R>aUmao Amho. Ë`m‘wio {dH$mgmMr ’$io hr R>am{dH$ dJ© MmIV Agë`mMo {XgVo Amho. XoemnwT>o AmVm gmV XeH$m§À`m ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va hoM ‘moR>o AmìhmZ {e„H$ Amho. Amnë`mH$S>o AOyZhr XoemVrb 40 Q> o$ OZVobm EH$doiMo ImUo {‘iV Zmhr, EdT>r J[a~r Amnë`mH$S>o Amho. Amamo½`mÀ¶m ~m~VrV Amnë`mbm ~arM ‘moR>r ‘Ob ‘mamd`mMr Amho. ‘mÌ nmo{bAmo, ßboJgmaIo amoJ AmnU XoemVyZ hÔnma Ho$bo AmhoV. Aem àH$mao Joë`m gmV XeH$m§V AmnU ‘moR>r H$‘mB© Ho$br Agbr Varhr Amnë`mbm ^{dî`mV ’$ma ‘moR>r ‘Ob ‘mamd`mMr Amho. `mVrb n{hbo C{Ôï> ho J[a~r g§n{dÊ`mMo Agob. Amnbo g§{dYmZ hm Amnë`m bmoH$emhrMm nm`m Amho. ho g§{dYmZ {Q>H${dÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar Amnë`m gdmªda Amho. AmOhr ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va gmV XeHo$ bmoQ>br Agbr Varhr AmnU {dH${gV Xoem§EdT>r àJVr Ho$bobr Zmhr. Am`.Q>r. CÚmoJmV AmnU Amnbm R>gm OJmV C‘Q>{dbm Amho. OJmVrb EH$ à‘wI AW©ì`dñWm åhUyZ Amnë`mH$S>o nm{hbo OmV Amho; na§Vw AmnU Amnbr J[a~r g§ndrV Zmhr, Vmon ªV Amnbr OJmV nV dmT>Uma Zmhr. AmO Amnbm amOH$maUmMm XOm© nyU©nUo T>mgibm Amho, ZmoH$aemhr gwñV Pmbobr Amho d H$Yr Zìho EdT>o ~o‘mby‘ Wmnm ‘maUmao amÁ`H$V} Amnë`mbm bm^bo AmhoV. gÜ¶mÀ¶m gÎmmYmè¶m§Zr XoemMm Moham‘moham ~XbÊ¶mg gwédmV Ho$br Amho. XoemÀ¶m KQ>Zobm gwé§J bmdÊ¶m~amo~aM gd©Y‘©g‘^md Omo Amnbm Jm^m Amho, Ë¶mbm VS>m XoÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ gwé Ho$bm Amho. ¶mVyZ Amnë¶m XoemnwT>o AZoH$ AmìhmZo C^r amhUma AmhoV. gÜ¶m H$moamoZmVyZ Amnbr dmQ>Mmb gwé Agbr Varhr Ë¶mVyZ ‘moR>o Am{W©H$ AmìhmZ C o am{hbo Amho. gÜ`mMr dmQ>Mmb ZH$mamË‘H$ dmQ>V Agbr Varhr CÚmMr gH$mi hr gH$mamË‘H$ Agob, Agm Amåhmbm AmemdmX Amho.

^maVr` ñdmV§Í`mMm 73 dm dYm©nZ {XZ gmOam H$aV AgVmZm XoemVrb OZVm

OmJ{VH$ H$moamoZmMm g§H$Q>mMm gm‘Zm H$arV AgyZ, n§VàYmZ Za|Ð ‘moXr `m§Zr AbrH$S>oM AmË‘{Z ©aVm d Zì`m ^maVmÀ`m C^maUrMr KmofUm Ho$br Amho, Va H$mhr {damoYr amOH$s` njm§À`m ZoË`m§Zr d XoemVrb {dMmad§Vm§Zr `m Xoembm EH$m Zì`m H«$m§VrMr JaO Agë`mMo à{VnmXZ Ho$bobo Amho. XoemVrb `m A yVnyd© g§H$Q>àg§Jr AmnU ñdmV§Í` {XZmMm dYm©nZ {XZ gmOam H$arV AmhmoV. maVr` ñdmV§Í`mMm B{Vhmg d bmoH$emhr A~m{YV R>odÊ`mgmR>r ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va XoemVrb amOH$s` ‘§S>ir d bmoH$emhrVrb gd© ñV§ H$go Hw$MH$m‘r R>abo, Ë`m‘wio AmVm ^maVr`m§Zm Zì`m H«$m§VrMo ~rOo amodUo XwamnñV Pmë`mMo {MÌ gÜ`m XoemV {Z‘m©U Pmbo AgyZ ñdmV§Ë« bmoH$emhrMr dmQ>Mmb hr 73 dfmªZ§Va CbQ> {XeoZo hmoV Agë`mMo {XgyZ oV Amhoµ

’o«§$M amÁ`H«$m§VrZo OJmbm ñdmV§Í` g‘Vm d ~§YwËd hr ‘yë § 18 ì`m eVH$mV {Xbr. AmO 21 ì`m eVH$mV hr ‘yë § àñWm{nV amOH$s` ì`dñWoZo AË §V MmUmj nÕVrZo {hamdyZ KoVbr AmhoV. bmoH$emhr, ñdmV§Í`, g‘Vm, ~§YwËd hr g§H$ënZm AmVm B{VhmgmV O‘m hmoVo H$s H$m`? Aer n[apñWVr Xoe Zìho Va, OJmV {Z‘m©U Pmbobr Amhoµ

Am¡Úmo{JH$ H«$m§VrZ§Va {~«{Q>em§Zr OJâmV Amnë`m dgmhVr Câë`mµ dgmhVrÀ`m ‘mÜ`‘mVyZ Ë`m-Ë`m XoemVrb bmoH$m§Mo Am{W©H$ emofU H$éZ Ë`m§À`mda Jwbm‘{Jar bmXbr hmoVrµ OJmVrb {~«{Q>em§À`m Jwbm‘{JarV AS>H$bobm ^maV hm EH$ Xoe hmoVmµ 15 Am°JñQ> 1947 amoOr ^maVmbm {~«{Q>e gm‘«mÁ`mÀ`m Jwbm‘{JarVyZ ñdmV§Í` {‘imboµ ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr `m§Zr ñdmV§Í`mMr Midi VimJmimV nmohM{dë`m‘wio Vo eŠ` Pmboµ ñdmV§Í¶ Midir‘Ü o hOmamo bmoH$m§Zr ~{bXmZ {Xbo, bmImo bmoH$m§Mo g§gma CKS>çmda nS>boµ ^maVmbm ñdmV§Í` àmá Pmë`mZ§Va XoemVrb Ho$di 1 Q> $m bmoH$M ho gmja hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio AmnU ñdrH$maboë`m bmoH$emhr emgZ ì`dñWoMo ‘yë § ^maVr` g‘mOm‘Ü o éObo ZìhVoµ ’$³V B§J«Or Owb‘r gaH$ma hmH$bZo hoM gd©gm‘mÝ` ^maVr`m§Mo bj hmoVoµ ^maVr` ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m B{Vhmgmg§X^m©V B{VhmgH$mam‘Ü o ‘V‘Vm§Vao hmoVoµ ñdmV§Í` bT>m hm ‘yR> amgmR>r H$s gd©gm‘mÝ` ^maVr`m§gmR>r `m~m~VrV ñdmV§Í` bT>çmVrb ZoË`mV d g‘mOgwYmaH$ {dMmad§Vm§‘Ü o Vrd« ‘V oX hmoVo Vo `mgmR>r H$s, ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va ñdmV§Í` ^maVmV gd©gm‘mÝ`m§Mo ñWmZ

H$m` Agmdo `mdéZ ho ‘V oX hmoVoµ Wmoa H$dr d amï>JrVmMo OZH$ adtÐZmW Q>mJmoa `m§Zrhr H$m±Jo«gÀ`m ñdmV§Í`bT>çm~Ôb EHo$ {R>H$mUr ^mî` H$aVmZm åhQ>bo H$s, {~«{Q>em§nmgyZ amOH$s` ñdmV§Í`nojm ‘bm gd©gm‘mÝ`m§Mo ñdmV§Í` ‘hÎdmMo Amhoµ amï>dmXmÀ`m ZmdmImbr ‘r {Od§V Agon ªV gd©gm‘mÝ`m§Mo ñdmV§Í¶ H$Yrhr {MaSy> XoUma Zmhr, Aer Ë`m§Mr R>m‘ y{‘H$m hmoVrµ ^maVaËZ S>m°µ ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§Mrhr

Ë`mdoiÀ`m amOH$s` d gm‘m{OH$ n[apñWVrMo dmñVd {MÌ bjmV KoD$Z AmYr gm‘m{OH$ gwYmaUm d Z§Va amOH$s` ñdmV§Í` hr y{‘H$m KoVbrµ nU, Jm§YtÀ`m P§PmdVr ñdmV§Í` MidirnwT>o ho ‘wÔo ~mOybm ’o$H$bo Jobo. {~«{Q>em§nmgyZ amOH$s` ñdmV§Í¶ {‘i{dÊ`mgmR>r gd© ^maVr` ñdmV§Í¶ Midir‘Ü o EH$dQ>boµ Ago Agbo Var ^maVr` g‘mOmVrb EH$ dJ© hm Jm§YtÀ`m ñdmV§Í`bT>çmÀ`m {damoYmV C^m hmoVmµ `m dJm©Mo {hVg§~§Y {~«{Q>em§Zm hmH$mbyZ XoD$Z {~«{Q>e gÎmoV Agboë`m àemgZmVrb ^maVr` A{YH$mè`m§er hmoVo. ^maVmbm ñdmV§Í¶ {‘imë`mZ§Va XwX£dmZo {~«{Q>em§À`m

Vmb‘rV V`ma Pmboë`m `m ZmoH$aemhrda {dg§~yZ amhÿZ ^maVmMm ñdmV§Í`mZ§VaMm H$ma^ma gwé Pmbmµ ñdmV§Í¶ MidirMo ZoVo ho amï>ào‘ d Ë`mJmZo ào[aV hmoVoµ Ë`m§Zm Xoem~Ôb d gd©gm‘mÝ`m§~Ôb H$idi hmoVrµ nU, Xoe Mmb{dÊ`mMm (àemgZ) AZw d Zgë`mZo Xoemer {’$Vya Pmboë`m d {~«{Q>em§er àm‘m{UH$ am{hboë`m `m ZmoH$aemhrÀ`m ‘mÜ`‘mVyZ ñdmV§Í¶ ^maVmMm H$ma^ma gwé Pmbmµ ^maVmMo n{hbo n§VàYmZ n§{S>V Odmhabmb Zohé `m§À`m H$mimVM Z¡{VH$VoÀ`m YmH$mZo `m ZmoH$aemhrZo ~è`mM à‘mUo XoemgmR>r àm‘m{UH$ H$m‘ Ho$boµ Xoe ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m doiog Xoemg‘moa AÞ, dó, {Zdmam `m ‘yb yV àíZm§~amo~aM gmjaVm, ~oamoOJmar, {ejU, {dkmZ, V§ÌkmZ AmXr àíZ Xoemg‘moa hmoVo. amÁ`H$Ë`mªZr XoemVrb g‘ñ`m gmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>r OmJ{VH$ ñVamVyZ AW©ghmæ`, V§ÌkmZ Am`mV H$éZ XoemV h[aVH«$m§Vr, Am¡Úmo{JH$ H«$m§Vr, ídoV H«$m§Vr Ho$br d V§ÌkmZmÀ`m ~m~VrV ~è`mMem à‘mUmV Xoembm ñdmdb§~r Ho$boµ ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m XmoZ XeH$mn ªV wHo$Mm J§ ra àíZ Agboë`m Amnë`m Xoembm AÞYmÝ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV ñd §nyU© Ho$boµ AmO ^maV hm AÞYmÝ` CËnmXZmV OJmVrb n{hë`m nmM

Xoem§V oVmoµ ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va XoemZo AZoH$ joÌmV àJVr Ho$br. ‘yb yV JaOm§À`m ~m~VrV Xoe ~è`mM à‘mUmV ñdmdb§~r Pmbm Amho.

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Vidya Mandir Mandal'sMATOSHREE SUMATI CHINTAMANI TIPNIS

COLLEGE OFARTS & COMMERCEMamdapur Neral, Tal.- Karjat, Dist.- Raigad-410101.

(Permanently Unaided)APPLICATIONS ARE INVITED FOR THE FOLLOWING POSTS FOR

THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021

Application with full details (candidates MUST mention his/her WhatsAppMobile Number and e-mail id in the Bio-data). The candidate must also scanall the documents and bio-data and send it [email protected] in the form of PDF to THECHAIRMAN, Vidya Mandir Mandal's MATOSHREE SUMATICHINTAMANI TIPNIS COLLEGE OFARTS & COMMERCE, Mamdapur,Neral, Tal.- Karjat, Dist.- Raigad-410101 latest by 24th August 2020.Interviews will be conducted through VC.

FOR DETAILS VISIT OUR WEBSITEWWW.MATOSHREESCTIPNISCOLLEGE.COM

Place : Mumbai Sd/-Date : 11.08.2020 JT. SECRETARY

Sr.No.

Cadre Subject Total No ofPosts

Qualifications

1 Principal -- 01 15 years approvedregular experience andPh. D. Research Guide

2 Assistant Professor History 02 M.A. SET/NET/Ph.D.3 Assistant Professor Economics 02 M.A. SET/NET/Ph.D.4 Assistant Professor English 01 M.A. SET/NET/Ph.D.5 Assistant Professor Commerce 02 M. Com.

SET/NET/Ph.D.6 Assistant Professor Mathematics 01 (C.H.B.) M.Sc. SET/NET/Ph.D.7 Librarian -- 01 Post Graduation and

M. Lib.,SET/NET/Ph.d

8 Assistant Professor PhysicalDirector

01 M.P. Ed.,SET/NET/Ph.D.

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ao{IVmV nmoar~mir, Mma am§JmoirÀ¶m Amoir{dR>mo-ép³‘rUrMo én Xm{dVmV aoIm!

‘amR>rÀ¶m ‘wbwImV, {OWo {VWo n§T>arZmW‘mÌ Y[aÌrhr Ë¶mbr gmdù¶mM a§Jm!

JrV Amho "n§MmaVr' ¶m {MÌnQ>mVrb. 1960 gmbMm hm {MÌnQ> Amho. ‘hmamîQ´>mÀ¶m ^y‘rda nm§Sy>a§JmMr ^ynmir

H$er Jm¶br OmVo ¶mMo EH$ H$ënZm{MÌ ¶oWo {XgVo. øm JrVmV Jmd gmam OmJm Pmbm Amho Voìhm AmVm nm§Sw>a§Jm CR>m Aer AmidUr ^³VJÊm H$arV AmhoV.

"CR>m nm§Sw>a§Jm' øm eãXmVyZ Xodm{df¶rMm ‘moR>m AmXa^md ì¶³V Pmbm Amho.

‘mS>JyiH$am§Mo eãX bmKd Añgb ‘amR>r diUmMo Amho. "gy¶© CJdbm' qH$dm "nyd©{Xem VoOmo‘¶ Pmbr' Ago Vo {b{hV ZmhrV. Ë¶mEodOr COibr hm Añgb J«m‘rU eãX Vo dmnaVmV. IoS>çmV ~m¶H$m ^m§S>r KmgUo ¶m eãXmEodOr ^m§S>r COibr Ago åhUVmV. COibr, CJdVr ¶m XmoZ eãXmV Amnë¶mbm à^mVrMo dmVmdaU {Xgy bmJVo."nmIam§Mm Wdm' ¶m eãXmEodOr ‘mS>JyiH$a "OWo' hm eãX dmnaVmV. "OWo' ‘Ü¶o AmnUmbm AZoH$ nmIam§Mo WdoÀ¶m Wdo JmV Agbobo {Xgy bmJVmV. ‘mS>JyiH$am§À¶m eãXà¶moJmV dmaH$ar g§àXm¶mMm ^p³V^md {dgmdbobm AgVmo. H$ierVyZ nmUr AmUbo. Ago Vo JÚàm¶ eãX¶moOZ H$arV ZmhrV. gH$miÀ¶m H$ierV M§Ð^mJm ¶oWo {VW©dV hmoVo. ¶oWrb

H$ier Vm§ã¶m{nVioMr Eoo{hH$ OrdZmVrb OS> dñVy ZgVo. ¶oWo gH$miM H$ierMo ê$n YmaU H$aVo. AdKr gH$miM {VW©d«V hmoVo.

ZXrKmQ>mdê$Z J{X‘m§Mm H°$‘oam bJoMM A§JUmVyZ {’$ê$ bmJVmo. KamoKa gdm{eUr A§JUm‘Ü¶o gS>o qenrV Agboë¶m {XgVmV.

"gS>m Q>mH$bm' Ago EdT>o JÚeãX Vo {b{hV ZmhrV. {enÊ¶m‘Ü¶o hmV hbH$m AgVmo. A§JUmdaMr ‘m¶m H$iVo. A§JUmV ‘m¶oMrM OUy qenU hmoVo. VwH$mo~mÀ¶m

A^§JmMr hbHo$M gmX Amnë¶m H$mZmda nS>Vo. WH$boë¶m bmoH$m§À¶m ‘wImVyZ hr gmX Jm{¶br OmVo Am{U Kamà‘mUoM A§JUhr ^³Vr‘¶ hmoVo.

nwT>À¶m H$S>ì¶mV am§JmoirMm CëboI ¶oVmo. ‘mS>JwiH$a Ë¶m~Ôb ghO {bhÿZ OmVmV "ao{IVmV nmoar~mir& Mma am§JmoirÀ¶m Amoir' ¶oWohr am§Jmoir H$mT>br OmV Zmhr Vr "aoIrbr' OmVo. "ao{IVmV' ‘Ü¶o

aoIrnUm Amho. Ë¶m nmoar~mir Oem aoIrd VerM Vr am§Jmoirhr aoIrdM. Ë¶m am§JmoirÀ¶m AmoirVyZ {dR>mo~mép³‘UrMo ê$n Ë¶m aoKm XmI{dVmV. ¶oWrb MmaM Amoir nU {H$VrVar gmW© hmoVmV. ¶oWrb aoKm§Zm {dR>mo~mÀ¶m AmH¥$VrMr MQ>H$Z KS>U bm^Vo. ‘amR>rÀ¶m ‘wbImV Xþgè¶m H$moUË¶mM XodmMr AmH¥$Vr H$m ~ao {‘iV Zmhr. Vwier d¥§XmdZ Am{U n§T>arZmWM H$m? JmodËgmMr nmD$boM H$m? H$maU hm Jmodir ¶m ‘mV¥ào‘mbm ^wH$bobm hmoVm. Ë¶m‘wio darb {MÌo nmoar~mitÀ¶mhr aoKmVyZ C‘Q>VmV. ‘m¶ Y[aÌrZohr gmdimM a§J YmaU Ho$bobm Amho. Ë¶m‘wio Ë¶m gmdù¶m nm§Sw>a§JmMoM {MÌ ¶oVo. gmdir YarÌr Am{U gmdù¶mMoM énS>o ¶oWo {MVmabobo AgVo. gmdù¶m ‘m¶ Y[aÌrZoM OUy hr dmËgë¶ qgYy {dRy>am¶mMr AmH¥$Vr ‘ZmV qM{Vbobr AgVo. Ë¶m‘wio gmdù¶m Y[aÌrÀ¶m ¶m H$Ý¶mhr {dR>mo~mép³‘rUrMoM ê$n {MVmaVmV. ‘mS>JwiH$am§Mr hr dËgb H$modir ^ynmir H$er dmËgë¶mZo ^mabobr AgVo ho ¶oWo {XgVo. J{X‘m§Mr ^ynmir hr doJirM AgVo.

ho

O

bmdÊ`dVr lrH$m§V Zébo

{deof{dÚmYa Omoer

Zab AéUHw$‘ma d¡Ú `m§Mm 10 Am°JñQ> ñ‘¥Vr{XZ ZwH$VmM Pmbm. OZab d¡Ú Am{U A{b~mJM§ KÅ> ZmV§ Amho. d¡Ú gmho~m§Mm

OÝ‘ 27 Owb¡ 1926 bm A{b~mJ‘Ü o Pmbm. 1983 Vo 1986 `m H$mbmdYr‘Ü o Vo bîH$aà‘wI hmoVo. nU Ë`mdoir Ë`m§Mm A{b~mJ‘Ü o gËH$ma H$aÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm. 1986 ‘Ü o OZab d¡Ú `m§Mm A{b~mJ ‘Ü o Om. a. h. H$Ý`m emioÀ`m ‘¡XmZmda Agboë`m g^mJ¥hmV gËH$ma g‘ma§ nma nS>bm hmoVm. AmB© ‘bm `m H$m ©H«$‘mbm KoD$Z Joë`mM§ ‘bm AmR>dV§ . OZab AéUHw$‘ma d¡Ú H$moU AmhoV ho nU Voìhm ‘m{hV ZìhV§, AmB©Zo gm§{JVb§ hmoV§ H$r, Vo ^maVmMo goZmnVr AmhoV Am{U Vo A{b~mJMo AmhoV åhUyZ Ë`m§Mm AmO gËH$ma Amho. `m gËH$mamMr nwgQ>er AmR>dU Amho. d¡Ú gmho~m§M§ {ejU H$mhr H$mi A{b~mJÀ`m B§S>pñQ`b hm`ñHy$b‘Ü o Pmb§, Ë`mMr AmR>dU Ë`m§Zr `m ^mfUm§V gm§{JVë`mM§ AmR>dV§ . `m gËH$ma g‘ma§ mZ§Va H$mhr

‘{hÝ`m§VM OZab d¡Ú `m§Mr nwÊ`mV hË`m Pmë`mMr ~mV‘r Ambr.

OZab d¡Ú `m§Mr 1965 Am{U 1971 À`m ^maV nm{H$ñVmZ wÕmVbr H$m‘{Jar gd©kmV Amho. nU d¡Ú gmho~m§Mm 1962 À`m wÕmV nU gh^mJ hmoVm. Ë`m§Mr {Z w³Vr 70 BÝ’$ÝQ>ar {~«JoS>Mo ‘oOa åhUyZ H$aÊ`mV Ambr Am{U Ë`m§M§ nmopñQ>§J bS>mI ‘Ü o hmoV§. ^maV MrZ wÕmV 70 BÝ’$ÝQ>ar {~«JoS> X{jU Mwewb ^mJmV Sw§>JVr BW§ V¡ZmV H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. 70 {~«JoS> ‘wio {MZr g¡Ý` X{jU Mwewb‘Ü o {eaH$md H$ê$ eH$br Zmhr. {MZr g¡Ý`mbm aoPmÝJbm ‘Ü o nmohmoMÊ`mgmR>r Mwewb ^mJ Vmã`mV KoU§ Amdí`H$ hmoV§, Am{U Ë`mdoir Pmboë`m aoPmÝJbm wÕmV 120 ^maVr` OdmZm§Zr gw‘mao 1300 {MZr g¡{ZH$m§Zm R>ma ‘mab§ hmoV§.

AéUHw$‘ma d¡Ú `m§M§ nwT>rb {ejU {ejU ‘w§~B©À`m Epë’$ñQ>Z ‘hm{dÚmb`mV Pmb§. Ë`mMdoir Ë`m§Zr w{Zìh{g©Q>r Q>oqZJ H$moaÀ`m A§VJ©V 1 ~m°å~o

~Q>m{b`Z ‘Ü o àdoe KoVbm. 1942 ‘Ü o Ë`m§Zm CËH¥$ï> H°$S>oQ>Mm nwañH$ma nU {‘imbm. 1944 ‘Ü o ~oiJmdÀ`m VoìhmÀ`m A{YH$mar à{ejU H|$ÐmV àdoe KoVbm Am{U {VW§ Ë`m§Mr {ZdS> aUJmS>m Xb AWm©V Am‘©S>© H$moa‘Ü o Pmbr. d¡Ú gmho~m§M§ nwT>M§ à{ejU Ah‘XZJa BW§ Pmb§ Am{U 1945 ‘Ü o AéUHw$‘ma d¡Ú {~«{Q>e ^maVr` g¡Ý`mV KmoS>XimV åhUOo VoìhmÀ`m am° b S>o $Z hm°g©‘Ü o éOy Pmbo. Ë`mZ§Va Xwgè`m ‘hm wÕmV ~‘m© ‘mo{h‘oV Ë`m§Mm gh^mJ hmoVm. ~‘m© ‘mo{h‘oV {~«{Q>e g¡Ý`mM§ {MZr g¡Ý`mer wÕ Pmb§. 1947 ‘Ü o ñdmV§Ì {‘iÊ`mÀ`m H$mhr

‘{hZo AmYr AéUHw$‘ma d¡Ú boâQ>Z§Q> Pmbo. 1948 ‘Ü o h¡Ðm~mXÀ`m {ZOm‘m {damoYmV Pmboë`m Am°naoeZ nmobmo‘Ü o nU Ë`m§Mm gh^mJ hmoVm. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Mr {Z w³Vr 70 BÝ’$ÝQr {~«JoS>Mo H$‘m§S>a åhUÿZ Pmbr. 1962 À`m MrZ wÕmZ§Va 1965 ‘Ü o Ë`m§Zm boâQ>Z§Q> H$Z©b åhUyZ nXmoÞVr {‘imbr.

1965 ‘Ü o Pmboë`m ^maV nm{H$ñVmZ wÕmÀ`m

doir d¡Úm§H$S>o S>o $Z hm°g©Mr O~m~Xmar hmoVr. ^maV nmH$ wÕmV aUJmS>m XbmZo nm{H$ñVmZMo 70 aUJmS>o Zï> Ho$bo. `m H$m‘{Jar~Ôb `m {d^mJmbm 22 em¡ © nwañH$mamZo gÝ‘m{ZV H$aÊ`mV Amb§. Va AéUHw$‘ma d¡Ú `m§Zm 21 E{àb 1966 bm VËH$mbrZ amï>nVr gd©n„r amYmH¥$îUZ `m§À`m hñVo ‘hmdraMH«$ XoD$Z gÝ‘m{ZV H$aÊ`mV Amb§. 1969 ‘Ü o Ë`m§Zm {~«Jo{S>Aa åhUyZ nXmoÞVr {‘imbr Am{U 167 ‘mC§Q>Z {~«JoS>Mo Vo à‘wI Pmbo. 1969 ‘Ü o AéUHw$‘ma d¡Úm§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImbr ZmJm A{VaoŠ`m§Mo ~§S> ‘moSy>Z H$mT>Ê`mV Amb§. MrZÀ`m nmqR>ã`mZo ho ~§S> H$aÊ`mV Amb§ hmoV§. ‘m¡D$ A§J‘rÀ`m

ZoV¥ËdmImbr ho ~§S> Pmb§ hmoV§. `mgmR>r 1650 ZmJm {damoYr ~§S>Imoam§Zm MrZZo à{ejU

{Xb§ hmoV§. ZmJ{damoYr ~§S> ‘moSy>Z H$mT>ë`m~Ôb d¡Úm§Zm A{V{d{eï> godm nXH$mZo gÝ‘m{ZV H$aÊ`mV Amb§.

AéUHw$‘ma d¡Ú 1970 ‘Ü o Ah‘XZJaÀ`m aUJmS>m à{ejU H|$ÐmMo H$‘m§S§>a> Pmbo. Á`m {R>H$mUr Ë`m§Zr à{ejU KoVb§ Ë`m H|$ÐmM§ à‘wInX yfdU§ hr A{^‘mZmMr Jmoï> Amho. Ë`mZ§Va 1971 ‘Ü o nwÝhm ^maV nm{H$ñVmZ wÕ Pmb§. `m 13 {XdgmÀ`m wÕmV AéUHw$‘ma d¡Ú `m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImbr ^maVr` aUJmS>m XbmZo C„oIZr` H$m‘{Jar Ho$br Am{U `m H$m‘{JargmR>r Ë`m§Zm Xwgè¶m§Xm ‘hmdraMH«$ nwañH$mamZo gÝ‘m{ZV H$aÊ`mV Amb§. 1974 ‘Ü o d¡Ú ‘oOa OZab Pmbo Am{U {‘{bQ>ar Am°naoeZ {d^mJmMo g§MmbH$ Pmbo. 1980 ‘Ü o boâQ>Z§Q> OZab åhUyZ nXmoÞVr {‘imbr. 1981 ‘Ü o BñQ>Z© H$‘m§S>Mo à‘wI Pmbo. 31 Owb¡

1983 bm ^maVr` bîH$amMo à‘wI OZab AéUHw$‘ma d¡Ú Pmbo.

VËH$mbrZ n§VàYmZ B§{Xam Jm§Yr `m§À`m AmXoemZwgma 1984 ‘Ü o OZab d¡Ú `m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImbr I{bñVmZr A{VaoŠ`m§{damoYmV Am°naoeZ ãbwñQ>ma nma nS>b§. bîH$amVrb 40 dfmªÀ`m godoZ§Va 31 OmZodmar 1986 bm OZab d¡Ú {Zd¥Îm Pmbo Am{U nwÊ`mV dmñVì`mbm hmoVo. I{bñVmZr A{VaoŠ`m§nmgyZ Ë`m§Zm YmoH$m Amho ho Ë`m§Zm ‘m{hV hmoV§. Ë`m§À`m gwajogmR>r VËH$mbrZ nwÊ`mMo nmobrg Am w³V Oo ~r {‘ga `m§Zr gwajmajH$ nU {Xbm hmoVm. 10 Am°JñQ> 1986 `m {Xder gH$mir OZab d¡Ú Am{U Ë`m§À`m nËZr ^mZw‘Vr `m§À`mgh ‘méVr H$ma ‘YyZ ~mhoa nS>bo AgVmZm, XmoZ A{VaoŠ`m§Zr Jmoù`m KmbyZ Ë`m§Mr hË`m Ho$br. OZab d¡Ú ñdV… JmS>r MmbdV hmoVo. JmS>rÀ`m ‘mJÀ`m grQ> da Ë`m§Mm gwajm ajH$ nU hmoVm. nU H$mhr H$im`À`m AmYrM A{VaoH$s hË`m H$ê$Z niyZ Jobo. OZab d¡Ú `m§À`mda gaH$mar BV‘m‘mV A§Ë`g§ñH$ma Pmbo Am{U Ë`mdoir ‘hmamï>mMo VËH$mbrZ amÁ`nmb e§H$a X`mi e‘m©, ‘w»`‘§Ìr e§H$aamd MìhmU H|$Ðr` ‘§Ìr ìhr. nr. qgJ, {dÇ>bamd JmS>Jri, AéU qgJ `m§À`mgh 50 hOma ZmJ[aH$ CnpñWV hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m VrZ ‘wbr ZrVm H$moMa, nm[aOmV ~o{bAmßnm Am{U Vm[aUr d¡Ú `m nU `mdoir CnpñWV hmoË`m.

OZab d¡Ú `m§M§ Xoeào‘ Am{U H$V©ì`màVr Agbobr {Zð>m `m‘wio Ë`m§Zr XoemgmR>r àmUmMr AmhþVr {Xbr. amOH$s` X~md AgVmZmhr Ë`m§Zr Amnbr à{V‘m ‘brZ hmoD$ {Xbr Zmhr. OZab AéUHw$‘ma d¡Ú ho Ë`m§Mr H$V©ì`{Zð>m Am{U H$V©~Jmar~Ôb Zoh‘rM ñ‘aUmV amhVrb.

AmVm CR>m nm§Sw>a§Jm

‘m

OZab AéUHw$‘ma d¡Ú

bdU eha Am{U qgYwXwJ©-‘mbdU ehambm ‘moR>onUm {‘imbm Amho. qgYwXwJm©‘wio. ho eha Am{U XwJ© `m§Mo

AVyQ> Ago ZmVo Amho. EH$‘oH$m§À`m AmYmamZo hr XmoÝhr {R>H$mUo ‘moR>çm {X‘mImZo C^r AmhoV. N>ÌnVr {edam`mZr hm XwJ© ~m§Ybm. Vmo H$mi gìdm VrZeo dfm©nyduMm hmoVm. Ë`mH$mir ‘mbdU hr dmS>r hmoVmo. eha ZìhVo ‘mbdU nmgyZ ghm ‘¡b Xya Agboë`m Zm§XéI JmdMr ‘mbdU hr N>moQ>r dmS>r, AdKr AS>rMeo dñVrMr hmoVr. Voìhm Zm§XéI JmdmMo ‘hÎd ’$ma hmoVo. H$maU Zm§XéI Jmd `m ^mJmVrb ‘w»` ~mOmanoR> hmoVr.

{ZgJ© {Z`‘mZwgma g¥ï>r‘Ü o ~Xb hmoV AgVmV. OoWo S>m|Ja AgVmo VoWo H$mhr H$mimZ§Va gnmQ> O‘rZ hmoVo OoWo ‘mS>mÀ`m ‘moR>çm ~mJm AgVmV Ë`m g‘wÐmÀ`m AmH«$‘UmZo nmÊ`mV JS>n hmoVmV. ImS>çm§Mm {H$Zmam IMyZ é§Xr dmT>Vo. H$Yr dmiy gmMyZ ~oQ> V`ma hmoVo. ImS>rMo qH$dm ZXrMo g‘wÐmÀ`m A§VJ©V YaUrH§$nm‘wio àdmh ~XbVmV. hmoË`mMo ZìhVo ìhm`bm {ZgJm©Vrb ~Xb H$maUr yV hmoVmo åhUyZM ‘mbdUr åhU Amho. "H$m|S>rÀ`m ^mQ>r Am{U ^mQ>rÀ`m H$m|S>r'

"‘mbdU, hr Zm§XéIMr N>moQ>r dmS>r hmoVr. `m dmS>rÀ`m ñdénm~Ôb {bpIV ‘m{hVr CnbãY Zmhr. na§Vw H$mhr nS>Ho$ Adeof, OwZr Xodio Am{U AmO h`mV Agbobr OwZr d¥Õ ‘§S>ir `m§À`m AmR>dUtÀ`m AmYmao `m dmT>rda àH$me Q>mH$Vm oB©b. qgYwXwJ© ~m§Ybm OmÊ`mMo AmYr ‘mbdU ehamMm ‘oT>m Am{U XoD$idmS>m `m ^mJmVrb XrS>-XmoZ ‘¡bmMm gmam y mJ XbXbrMm Am{U A§eV: nmÊ`mImbr hmoVm. AmO ehamV Oo nyd©-n{ü‘ g‘m§Va añVo AmhoV Am{U Á`m añË`mda dmhZm§Mr dX©i Amho, Ë`m {R>H$mUr g‘wÐ hmoVm. dmhVyH$ hmoS>rZo Mmbo. Jb~Vo `m {R>H$mUr Zm§JéZ AgV. ‘mbdU dmS>rV Voìhm XmoZ {R>H$mUr dñVr hmoVr. EH$m Q>moH$mbm XoD$idmS>m oWo gmVoar KmQ>rMm nm`Wm hmoVm. Am{U Xwgao Q>moH$ ‘oT>o H$moQ> ho hmoVo. AmO `m ^mJmbm ‘oT>m `m ZmdmZo AmoiIVmV H$iH$sÀ`m ~m§~yZr doT>bobo ‘oT>m ho ~oQ> hmoVo. gwédmVrbm oWo dñVr §S>mar Am{U ‘pÀN>‘ma g‘mOmMr hmoVr. Z§Va hr dñVr ~mhoê$Z oUmè`m ‘mUgm§‘wio dmT>br.

Jmoì`mV nmoVw©JrO, B§J«O `m§À`m Am‘XZrV ~mQ>dm~mQ>drMo àH$ma hmoVo. Owbw‘ O~aXñVr Mmby hmoVr `m N>im‘wio Am{U Y‘mªVamÀ`m ^rVrZo qhXy g‘mOmVrb ñdm{^‘mZr d Y‘m©~Ôb {Zð>m AgUmao bmoH$ Jmo‘m§VH$m‘YyZ OdiÀ`m ^mJmV niyZ Jobo. Ë`mn¡H$s H$mhr Hw$Qw>§~o Amnbo Xod KoD$Z ‘mbdUmV Ambr.

Ë`mH$mir OmVr loð>VoMo dmX hmoVoM. ‘mbdUmV niyZ Ambobo ‘w»`V: gmañdV d¡í` d Vobr `m OmVrn¡H$s hmoVo. AmnUmg loð> åhUdUmar ‘§S>ir Vobr g‘mOmbm H${Zð> ‘mZyZ AmnUm‘Ü o gm‘mdyZ KoÊ`mg V`ma ZìhVr, Ë`m‘wio Vobr g‘mO ~{hîH¥$V Pmbm. Ë`m§Zm Añn¥í`m§gmaIr dmJUyH$ {‘iy bmJbr Am{U `m AghH$marV dmJUwH$sbm H§$Q>miyZ Vobr g‘mOmZo p¼üZ Y‘m©Mm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm. `m Vobr g‘mOmMr qhXy Xodr {Z‘©bm ‘mVm hr p¼üZ Pmbr. AmOhr ‘mbdUÀ`m ~§Xa añË`mda `m ‘mVoMo ‘§{Xa Amho. p¼üZ `m Xodrbm ÔVmV nU `m ‘§{Xambm MM©Mr ‘mÝ`Vm ZìhVr. Varhr AmO amoPar MM© Aer nmQ>r `m {R>H$mUr Amho.

Vmo VrZeo dfmªnyduMm H$mi, ‘hmamï>mMr n{ü‘ {H$ZmanÅ>r eÌyÀ`m Vmã`mV hmoVr.O§{Oè`mMm {gÔr, Jmoì`mMo nmoVw©JrO {’$a§Jr Am{U ‘w§~B©Mo B§J«O Q>monrH$a `m§Mo `m {H$Zmè`mdarb gd© ~§Xamda Zoh‘r h„o hmoV AgV. naH$s¶ gÎmm. Hw$Urhr geó `mdo, bwQ>mbyQ> H$amdr Am{U `m AË`mMmam‘wio ‘mZhmZrMo OrdZ H§$R>mdo, Aer g‘mOmMr AdñWm hmoVr. Voìhm Am{XbemhrMo amÁ` hmoVo. g‘wÐ{H$Zmar amhUmè`m dñVrbm XmoZ eÌy hmoVo. EH$ Am{Xbemhr O{‘ZrdéZ Am{U g‘wÐ‘mJ} {gÕr, B§J«O, nmoVw©JrO.

‘mbdU oWo m gmJar Q>moù`m§Mm ’$ma CnÐd hmoVm. bmoH$ gVV hdmb{Xb, ^`J«ñV AgV. Vgo Am{XbemhrMo g¡{ZH$ I§S> dgwbrgmR>r JmdmoJmd {’$aV. drg-n§Mdrg KmoS>oñdma hmVr Z§½`m Vbdmar KoD$Z oV. Ë`m§Mogmo~V

Am{XbemhrMo ‘m§S>{bH$ åhUyZ gmd§VdmS>rMo bI‘ gmd§V AgV. Voìhm àOobm EdT>r XheV

hmoVr H$s, bmoH$ hr YmS> oV Agë`mMo g‘Obo H$s, Kao gmoSy>Z O§JbmV niyZ OmV. ho g¡{ZH$ `m bmoH$m§Zm nH$Sy>Z AmUrV H$moUr I§S>UrMo n¡go XoÊ`mg H$~yb Pmbm Zmhr H$s, Ë`m§Zm nmbWo nmSy>Z nmR>rda H$mQ>oar ’$m§Xr R>odyZ Ë`mda XJS> R>odrV.

‘mbdUmV Ë`mdoir amhUmao Hw$bH$Uu ‘Ü`ñWmMr y{‘H$m KoV. Amboë`m ñdmam§Mr ga~amB© amIrV. Ë`mH$miMo gmdH$ma Hw$eo, ‘mbn, gmnio ho hmoVo. `m ‘Ü`ñWm§‘m’©$V g¡{ZH$, ‘m§S>{bH$m§er VS>OmoS> hmoV Ago. hr JmdMr I§S>Ur gmoÝ`mÀ`m énmV {Xbr OmV Ago. m gmdH$ma dJm©bm ImoV åhUV. hrM Vr H$moH$UmVrb ImoVr nÕV. ‘mbdUmV AmOhr ImoV AmS>ZmdmMr KamUr AmhoV. Aem arVrZo IwîH$sÀ`m ‘mJm©Zo VgoM gmJar ‘mJm©Zo eÌy§Mo Xwhoar W¡‘mZ Mmby hmoVo. COmS>V hmoVo. ‘mdiV hmoVo. na§Vw àOoÀ`m OrdZmV AmZ§XmMm àH$me H$Yr {XgV ZìhVm. Vmo àH$me {edam`m§À`m énmZo {Xgbm.

{edmOr ‘hmamOm§Zr {gÕrer Pmboë`m g§Kfm©V Anè oVmM, gmam H$moH$U {H$Zmam Amnë`m gÎmoImbr AmUÊ`mMm {ZYm©a Ho$bm. Ë`m§Zr Hw$bm~m Vo Jmoì`mÀ`m gahÔrn ªV Ama‘mar ZmH$s ~gdbr. g§ajH$ XwJ© ~m§YÊ`m§Mr `moOZm hmVr KoVbr. 1658 Vo 1664 `m

H$mimVrb ‘mohr‘, 1664 ‘Ü o ‘mbdU hñVJV Pmë`mda nyU© Pmbr. {edam`m§À`m g¡Ý`mZo gmier ‘hmb åhUOo d|Jwb}, ‘mbdU Vo ‘gwao ^Jd§VJS> n ªVMm Q>mny qOH$bm. qOH$boë`m àXoemMo ajUmgmR>r g¡Ý` R>odbo. g‘wÐ‘mJ} eÌy§Zm Vm|S> XoÊ`mgmR>r, ‘mbdUmVrb ‘m`ZmH$, ‘ oH$a, gmdOr, Hw$~b AmXr §S>mar d ‘pÀN>‘ma g‘mOmVrb VéU {ZdS>bo. Ë`m§Zm J{Z‘r H$mì`mZo bT>Ê`mMo {ejU {Xbo. Vr J{Z‘r bT>mB©Mr nÕV ‘Zmoa§OH$ Amho.

Á`mbm à{ejU {Xbo OmV Ago Ë`mbm {ejUmV nma§JV Pmë`m~Ôb Vm‘«nQ> {Xbm OmB©, `m {H$Zmar MmMo{Jar H$aUmao eÌy, ~mam Jb~Vm§Mm Vm§S>m d Ibmer KoD$Z oV AgV. Ë`m§À`mda h„m H$aÊ`mgmR>r ho N>moQ> m Zm¡H$m (Sw>~Ho$) ZD$ B§Mr d ~mam B§Mr Vmo’$m KoD$Z OmV AgV. Ago gwg‚m Sw>~Ho$ (Zm¡H$m) nmR>monmR> AgV. hr eÌyMr Jb~Vo ‘ma{JarÀ`m H$joV Ambr H$s AmKmS>r eÌy§À`m Jb~Vm§da Vmo’$m S>mJV Ago. Vo Jb~V ~wS>mbo H$s, Ë`mdarb Ibmer Am{U BVa Jb~Vo Am{U Ë`mdarb ‘mb Vmã`mV KoV AgV. Z§Va {edam`m§Mo ho Zm¡H$mXb {H$Zmar ‘mbdUMo gmdH$ma Hw$eo, gmnio `m§Mo dmS>çmg‘moa Zm§JéZ R>odbo OmV Ago. Vmo bwQ>rMm ‘mb ‘moObm H$s, gmdH$ma Ë`m ‘mbmMm Mm¡Wm {hñgm gaH$ma O‘m H$arV, ~mH$s amhrbobm ‘mb EodO `m bT>mB© H$éZ qOH$Umè`m g¡{ZH$m§Zm gma»`mM {hí`mZo dmQ>rV AgV. `m bwQ>rMm {heo~ R>odÊ`mMo H$m‘ ‘mbdUMo ‘mbn gaXma `m§À`mH$S>o Ago. ‘mbnm§Mm dmS>m åhUyZ AÚmnhr nS>Š`m dmS>çmH$S>o ~moQ> XmIdVm oVo. bwQ>rMm hm ‘mb dmS>çmVrb ViKamV R>odbm OmB©.

1666 gmbr ‘mbdUMm qgYwXwJ© {H$„m ~m§YyZ nyU© Pmbm Am{U ‘mbdU dmS>rMo joÌ d dñVr dmTy> bmJbr. `m XwJm©‘wio X{jU dmam AS>bm. Ë`m‘wio g‘wÐ{H$Zmar bmQ>m§Mm ‘mam H$‘r Pmbm Am{U dmiwMo Wa gmMy bmJbo. g‘wÐ ‘mJo hQ>bm. nyd©-npíM‘ Agm bm§~ é§X O{‘ZrMm nÅ>m V`ma Pmbm. dñVr dmT>br. Kao ~m§Ybr, gmJambm g‘m§Va Aer ~mOmanoR> dgbr. hoM Vo AmOMo ‘mbdU eha Vmon ªV ‘w»` Jmd Zm§XéI hmoVo. ‘mbdUmV àW‘nmgyZ amhV Agbobo bwS>~o `m KamÊ`mMr Zm§XéIÀ`m MìhmU KamÊ`mer gmo [aH$ Pmbr Am{U `m {ddmhmV MìhmU `m§Zm ‘mbdU Odirb H$bm©Mm ìhmi, AmZ§X ìhmi hr ~mJm`V bwS>~o `m§Zr {Xbr. Z§Va MìhmU ‘mbdUmV ñWm{`H$ Pmbo. nmR>monmR> ‘amR>o Ambo. amUo, Jm§dH$a hohr Ambo.

nmoVw©JrOm§À`m Ym{‘©H$ OmMmbm H§$Q>miyZ H$mhr gmañdV, d¡í` KamUr Amnmnbo Xod KoD$Z Ambo. eoVr, ~mJm`V ho CËnÞmMo gmYZ hmoVo. na§Vw EH$ CUrd hmoVr. Voìhm ‘mbdUmV J«m‘X¡dV "am‘oœa' ZìhVm XmoZ Xodio hmoVr. nyd}bm gmVoar Am{U n{ü‘obm nmÊ`mV XoD$i Agbobr "H$mi~mXodr' gmVoarMo nwOmar bwS>~o d H$mi~mXodrMo nwOmar Ywar ‘yi XodñWmZm{edm` Jmdmbm emo m Zmhr åhUyZ Ë`mH$miÀ`m éT>rà‘mUo H$m§XiJm§d d AmMao oWrb am‘oœambm {dMmaUm Pmbr. Ë`m XodmMo

Am¡gamZo ‘mbdUmVrb lrXod am‘oídamÀ`m ñWmnZobm H$~wbr {Xbr Zmhr. Ë`mZ§Va AUmdJmdÀ`m am‘oœamZo XodrÀ`m ñWmnZobm H$~wbr {Xbr Am{U AUmdH$a `m Zmdm§À`m "n§MmjamZo, XoD$idmS>m oWo nmdUmB© XodrMr ñWmnZm Ho$br. d AUmdH$a ho ‘mbdU oWo ñWm{`H$ Pmbo. ‘mbdU ehamVrb XoD$idmS>m `m {R>H$mUr J«m‘Xod am‘oœa, ZmamÙ, ^dmZr d ‘méVr hr Xodio ‘mbdUmVrb OwÝ`m H$mimVrb gmdH$ma ‘§S>ir§Zr ~m§Ybr Aer Am»`m{`H$m Amho. Á`m gmdH$mam§Zm g§VVr Zgo Vo XodmH$S>o JmèhmUo KmbÊ`mgmR>r oV. XodimMm Jwad ‘hmam§Zm ~mobdr, Am{U gm§JV Ago ‘ma T>mobmda H$mR>r XodmH$ ~mobmd`m. T>mob OmoaOmoamV dmOy bmJbo H$s Am¡ga C o amhV Ago. Jwad Xodmbm {dMmar boH$é VwÂ`m nm`mer Ambo Amho. Ë`mbm g§VVr Zmhr Ë`mMr BÀN>m XodmZo nwar H$amdr. Ë`mMr H$m` MwH$s Agob Va ‘m’$s H$amdr. ‘wbJm Pmë`mda VwÂ`m eoOmar XoD$i ~m§YrZ. ‘mbdUmV ~m§Ybobr Xodio Xodmbm bmdboë`m H$m¡bm§Mr àVrHo$ AmhoV. Xodio ~m§Ybr, Xod ñWm{nbo, ‘J XodmMr {ÌH$mi nyOm, Z¡doÚ ho àý C o am{hbo.

Ë`mgmR>r ZmamÙmMo nwOmar H$mH$VH$a,am‘oœamMo Jwad amdi `m§Zm AmUbo. nwamU dmMm`bm Am{U Ym{‘©H$ H$m } H$aÊ`mgmR>r nwam{UH$, Omoer, Aä §H$a hr ~«måhU ‘§S>ir oWo ñWm{`H$ Pmbr. Ë`m gdm©Zm ^mVeoVrMr O‘rZ {Zdm©hmgmR>r Zo‘yZ {Xbr Jobr. am§YÊ`mgmR>r Kao ~m§YyZ {Xbr. ‘yi Xod ñWmnZmè`m AUmdH$a `m§Zm ZìdX EH$a O‘rZ {Xbr. BVa ‘hma KmS>r Zm¡~V H$aUmao d godoH$ar ^mdrU `m§Zmhr O{‘Zr {Xë`m.

{edmOr amOm§À`m H$ma{H$XuV ‘mbdUÀ`m dñVrbm g§ajU {‘imbo. ñW¡ © bm^bo. gd© OmVr Y‘mªMo bmoH$ ì`mnma, ‘pÀN>‘mar,{‘R>mJao BË`mXr ì`dgm`m§À`m {Z{‘ÎmmZo ‘mbdUmV Ambo. ‘wgb‘mZ dñVrgmR>r ‘erX C^mabr. p¼üZm§gmR>r àeñV OmJo‘Ü o MM© ~m§Ybo, Am{U oWrb d¡{eï> Ago Amho H$s gd© Y‘m©Mo bmoH$ nydu d AmOhr BW§ gbmo»`mZo dmJV AmhoV. ‘midUMm {ZgJ© XoIUm Amho. {Zim gmJa, {Zio AmH$me, dZñnVrZo PmH$bobo {hado S>m|Ja, g‘wÐ Am{U ImS>r H$mR>mdarb ‘mS>m§À`m ~mJm gm¢X`m©V â KmbVmV. `m {ZgJm©À`m gm{ZÜ`mV amhUmè`m bmoH$m§V {MÌH$ma, ‘yVuH$ma {Z‘m©U Pmbo ZgVo Va Zdb Zmhr. e¡j{UH$ ~m~VrV ‘mbdU Joë`m eVH$mhÿZhr A{YH$ H$mi AJ«oga Amho. ‘mbdUmVrb gdm©V OwZr àmW{‘H$ emim XoD$idmS>m `m {R>H$mUr hmoVr. Vr AmOhr Ë`m {R>H$mUr Amho. Bgdr gZ 1864 ‘Ü o bmoH$‘mÝ` ~mi J§JmYa {Q>iH$ `m§Mr {ejUmMr gwadmV `m emioV Pmbr. {Q>iH$m§À`m d`mÀ`m AmR>ì`m dfu Ë`m§À`m d{S>bm§Mr {ejH$ åhUyZ `m emioV ~Xbr Pmbr hmoVr. ‘mbdUMr bmoH$g§»`m Xhm hOmamda Jobr Am{U gZ 1918 ‘Ü o ‘mbdU ZJa n[afXoMr ( å w{Z{gnmbrQ>r ) ñWmnZm Pmbr. VoìhmnmgyZ ‘mbdU eha {dH$mgmbm JVr {‘imbr. oWrb ~hþVoH$ Hw$Qw>§~m§Mm ‘w§~B© ehamer ZmoH$ar‘wio g§~§Y Ambm Am{U ñdm^m{dH$ ^mfm, amhmUr, nohoamd `m gdmªda à^md nS>bm. ‘mbdU ehamZo ñdmV§Ë« g§J«m‘, ‘rR> gË`mJ«h, AghH$ma Midi Aem Am§XmobZmV ‘hÎdmMm ^mJ KoVbm. 1942 À`m "N>moS>mo ^maV' `m bT>çmV ‘mbdU eha ho Ë`m doiÀ`m aËZm{Jar {OëømM§ à‘wI H|$Ð hmoVo. gmJamVyZ ZdaËZo ~mhoa Amë`mMr nwamU H$Wm Amho. Am{U BWo AJñWrMm nwZO©Ý‘ Pmbm AZ ‘mbdU dmS>rMo ê$nm§Va gw§Xa ZJamV Pmbo. hr gË`H$Wm Amho.(‘mbdU oWrb "OZ wJ' gmám{hH$mÀ`m 1993 gmbÀ`m {Xdmir A§H$mVyZ gm^ma.)

Ago dgbo ‘mbdU!

gUmdmar amIm Amamo½`{_Ìm§Zmo, gUmdmam§À`m {Xdgm§_Üò

Y_mb H$aÊ`mgmo~V Amamo½` amIU§hr_hÎdmM§ AgV§. AmVm JmonmiH$mbm,JUnVrgmaIo gU òUma AmhoV. Xhrh§S>r\$moS>VmZm Vwåhr {ÔVm. `m_wio Vmn òDeH$Vmo. Ë`m_wio Xhrh§S>r gmOar H$aVmZmIyn {Ôy ZH$m. Vg§M JUnVr_Ü o IynJmoS> Imëë`mZo nmoQ> {~KSy> eH$V§. Ë`m_wio_mì`mMo nXmW© _`m©XoVM Im. JUnVr~mßnmbm Im`bm Iyn AmdS>V§ nU VwåhrIyn ImD$ ZH$m. `m {XdgmV Amamo½`mMrH$miOr KoVbr VaM Vwåhr _Om H$ê$eH$Vm. Ë`m_wio Vã~oVrH$S>o OmñV bj Úm.

nmoQ>°Q>mo n°ZHo$H$N>moQ>çm XmoñVm§Zmo, a{ddmar H$mhr Var hQ>Ho

H$amd§g§ dmQ>V§. Aem doir Vwåhr nmoQ>°Q>mo n°ZHo$H$ Q´>m`H$ê$ eH$Vm. `mgmR>r EH$ ~Q>mQ>m gmobyZ {Mê$Z ¿`m.H$m§Xm {Mê$Z ¿`m. WmoS>§ _rR>, _ranyS>, H${UH$, ~oqH$J

nmdS>a Am{U Vob Ag§gm{hË` O_dm. AmVm~Q>mQ>o, H${UH$, ~oqH$JnmdS>a, _rR>, {_anyS>,H$m§Xm Ag§ gJi§ gm{hËÈH$Ì H$am. WmoS>§ nmUr

KmbyZ {_lU nmVi H$ê$Z ¿`m. AmVm Zm°ZñQ>rH$ Vdm¿`m. Ë`mda WmoS>§ Vob Q>mH$m. `m Vobmda ~Q>mQ>çmM§{_lU Kmbm. I_§J ^mOm Am{U _ñVn¡H$s Im!

g_wÐr H$mgdH$mgdm§À`m doJdoJù`m

àOmVr§n¡H$s EH$ åhUOo g_wÐrH$mgd. g_wX«r H$mgdm§À`m gmVàOmVr AmhoV. Ë`mn¡H$s gmVàOmVr Xþ{_©i JQ>mV _moS>VmV.hr H$mgd§ g_wÐmV AmT>iVmV.g_wÐr H$mgd hr n¥ÏdrdaMr gdm©V OwZr àOmVr Amho. Joë`m220 Xebj dfmªnmgyZ hr H$mgd§ n¥Ïdrda ApñVÎdmV AmhoV.O{_ZrdaM§ H$mgd Amnb§ Vm|S> Am{U nm` nmR>rdaÀ`m H$dMmVbndy eH$VmV nU g_wÐr H$mgd Ag§ H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr. hrH$mgd§ Am`wî`mVbm ~amM _moR>m H$mi nmÊ`mV KmbdVmV.dmVmdaUmVë`m ~Xbm_wio S>m`Zmgmoa Zm_eof Pmbo. nU hrH$mgd§ ñdV:M§ ApñVÎd {Q>H$dÊ`mV eñdr R>abr.

em°qnJ Q>mB©_ hoëW doëW XmoñV ho _ñV ImXmS>r

Aer H$am IaoXr...{_Ìm§Zmo, gÜ`m gUm§Mo {Xdg AmhoV. gU åhQ>b§ H$s

IaoXr Ambr. Vwåhrhr IaoXrÀ`m _yS>_Üò Agmb.JUnVr, {Xdmir{Z{_ÎmmZo Vwåhr H$nS>çm§Mr IaoXrH$aUma Agmb. XmoñVm§Zmo, ~mOmamV gÜ`m doJdoJù`m\°$eZMo H$nS>o Ambo AmhoV. gUm{Z{_Îm nma§n[aH$nÕVrMo H$nS>o KoVm oVrb. _wb§ Hw$Vm©-nmÒ_m hmAm°ßeZ {ZdSy> eH$VmV. OrÝgdahr Hw$Vm© KmbVm òB©b.YmoVr n±Q> hm gwÕm Iyn N>mZ n`m© Amho. _wbtgmR>rnbmPmo, Hw$Vm©, AZmaH$br, gbdma H$_rO Ago n`m©ÀmhoV. nbmPmodahr Vwåhr N>mZ Hw$Vm© Kmby eH$Vm.hQ>Ho$ H$m°på~ZoeÝg H$ê$ eH$Vm. _J H$m` XmoñVm§Zmo,IaoXrbm Joë`mda \°$eZÀ`m Xþ{Zòda EH$ ZOaQ>mH$m Am{U _JM H$m` ¿`m`M§ Vo R>adm.

CÎma§ : 1) Amgm_ am`\$ëg 2) 1564 _Üo 3>) {~hÿ 4) ^maV 5)X{jUoH$S>À`m ^mfm 6) ~§{H$_M§Ð MQ>Ou 7) {gëìha ~«mo{_S> 8) BgdrgZ nyd© 560 _Üo 9) _hmamîQ´> 10) H$mZnya

AmoiIm nmhÿ1) ^maVmVb§ gdm©V OwZ§ {Z_bîH$ar Xb H$moUV§?2) eoŠg{nAaMm OÝ_ H$Yr Pmbm?3) noaUrZ§Va Amgm_Üò H$moUV§ bmoH$Z¥Ë` Ho$b§ OmV§?4) n{hë`m Am{e`mB© Ioim§M§ Am`moOZ H$moUË`m XoemV H$aÊ`mV Amb§?5) Ð{dS> g§ñH¥$Vrer ZmV§ gm§JÊmmè`m ^mfm H$moUË`m?6) "d§Xo _mVa_' H$moUr {b{hb§?7) \$moQ>moJ«m\$s_Üò H$moUË`m agm`ZmMm dmna H$obm OmVmo?8) Jm¡V_ ~wÕmMm OÝ_ H$Yr Pmbm?9) gdm©{YH$ ehar bmoH$g§»`m Agbob§ amÁ` H$moUV§?10) J«rZ nmH©$ ho {H«$Ho$Q>M§ _¡XmZ H$moUË`m ehamV Amho?

{Okmgm$

{R>nHo$ Owidm

{_{_{_{_{_Ìm§Zmo, 15 Am°JñQ> hmAmnbm ñdmV§Í`{XZ. XoemÀ`mñdmV§Í`mgmR>r AZoH$m§Zr ~{bXmZ {Xb§.{_Ìm§Zmo, Xoembm ñdmV§Í` {_imd§`mgmR>r AZoH$m§Zr Amnb§ Ka gmoS>b§.Hww$Qw>§{~`m§Mm Ë`mJ Ho$bm. XoemgmR>r OrdXoVmZm _mJo-nwT>o nm{hb§ Zmhr.

Ë`m_wioM AmOAmnU _moH$im

ídmg KoV AmhmoV. {_Ìm§Zmo, AmnUAmnboZmJ[aH$emñÌ {eH$Vmo. Ë`mVAmnbo hŠH$ Am{U H$V©ì` `m~ÔbMr_m{hVr nmR> H$aVmo. narjoV CÎma§{b{hVmo Am{U Z§Va {dgê$Z OmVmo.Amnë`mbm hŠH$m§Mr OmUrd hmoVAgVo. nU H$V©ì`m§~Ôb AmnUnyU©nUo {dgê$Z OmVmo.

{_{_{_{_{_Ìm§Zmo, B§J«Or ZyVZ df©OmZodmarnmgyZ gwê$ hmoV§. 31 {S>g|~a hm B§J«Ordfm©Mm eodQ>Mm {Xdg. OJâmV B§J«OrH°$b|S>aMm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. Ë`m_wio 31{S>g|~abm gJirH$S>o Yy_ AgVo. CËgdrdmVmdaU AgV§. amÌâ OmJaU H$ê$Z IynYå_mb Ho$br OmVo. Vwåhrhr 31 {S>g|~agmOam H$aV Agmb. Ia§ Va `m {Xdgm{Z{_ÎmEH$Ì ôQ>rJmRr hmoVmV. Zoh_rÀ`m Am`wî`mVyZWmoS>m ~«oH$ {_iVmo. EH$ OmZodmar hm Zì`mdfm©Mm n{hbm {Xdg Ag§ Amnë`mbm dmQ>VAgb§ Var OJmVë`m {d{dY g§ñH¥$Vt_ÜòdoJdoJù`m {Xder Zd§ df©§ gmOa§ hmoV§._hmamîQ´>mV JwT>rnmS>ì`mnmgyZ ZyVZ dfª gwê$

N>moN>moN>moN>moN>moQ>çm XmoñVm§Zmo, JUnVr ~mßnmM§ ñdmJV åhUOo Y_mb,_ÁOm, _ñVr... gÜ`m gJirH$S>o n`m©daUnyaH$ JUoemoËgd gmOamH$aÊ`m~m~V gm§{JVb§ OmV§. Ë`m_wio Vwåhr emSy> _mVrÀ`m _yVuMm AmJ«hYê$ eH$Vm. KamVM _Ia V`ma H$aV Agmb Va W_m©H$mobMm dmnaQ>miy eH$Vm. H$mJX qH$dm nwÇ>`mnmgyZ N>mZ_Ia§ V`ma H$aVm òVrb. ~mOmamVhr Aer_Ia§ {_iVmV. JUnVrÀ`m gOmdQ>rgmR>r\w$bm§Mm dmna H$aVm òB©b. amofUmB©MmMm§Jbm n`m© Amnë`mH$S>o Amho. ~mßnmMrgOmdQ> H$er H$am`Mr `mMm {dMma Vwåhr

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XoUma Agmb Va ho n`m© Cn`moJr nSy>eH$Vrb. XmoñVm§Zmo, gÜ`m JUnVrÀ`m _yVuV`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m Am°ZbmB©Z H$m`©emim§M§ Am`moOZ Ho$b§ OmV§. KaÀ`mKar _mVrMr _yVu H$er V`ma H$am`Mr ho Aem H$m`©emim§_YyZ {eH$db§OmV§. Aem H$m`©emim§_Üò V`ma Ho$boë`m _yVuMr nyOm Vwåhr H$ê$eH$Vm. `m_wio ñdV:À`m hmVm§Zr V`ma Ho$boë`m _yVuMr ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mM§g_mYmZ Vwåhmbm {_iy eHo$b. _J H$m`, Amnbo gU CËgd gmOaoH$aVmZm n`m©daUmM§ ^mZ amIy `m. Amnë`m JUnVr ~mßnmbmhr ho IynAmdS>ob. Ë`m_wio AmnUhr Ë`mÀ`m AmdS>rM§ H$mhr Var H$ê$ Am{UAmerdm©X {_idy.

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