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N E W M O P E F O R i HIE W O R L D -I therm anerft peace Js possible /

There's a new feeling about everywhere tht.se days. 'PEACE FEW agPBE^qRg -TOOK VJLRT' says a newspaper headline from New York. Bat 'PEACE BQB8 LDT3 THL WORLD1 wcwld be a truer reflection of hrm people feel teday.

Is a Pact of Peace between the Five Great. Pewers possible? Can preblon» hotv.een natiens be settled by negotia­tion?

The® questions might be answered by askingi What problems Hoes war solve? What has the Krrean War aoconpUahed?T’ho has benefited frem it? And has it settled er proved the ideas or systems ef one side or another?

To help South Africans obtain a better rioture ef the objects and principlea of the World Peace Mevemei t, we have •pened the oelumns <">f this Newsletter to our readers. We invite yeu te give yeur arguments fer er against a 5-Pow­er Peace Pact, to etate your difficul­ties, to put your questions.

The article we publish this menth is farm a peace worker who says:

p6UlD WE E£ SUSPICION— Yf$f Or £nc/> Cdtt

"We should be suspicious towards war,' says Chairman "f the Canadian Peace Congress in a statement ...

" . . . A Pact of Peace will open up world trade, free vast sums of money for economic aid and public benefits.

"To lose today's opportunity would an unforgiveable crime. Should v/e be cautious, suspicious? Yes - towards armaments and war, not negotiations and peace . . . ”

E t e l t R T t t \ N M R'Nobody pretends negotiations -..111 be easy,' writes Canadian Peace Leader Bruce Mickleburgh. 'The} will be extremely difficult, perhap3 tortuous, exasperating — yet so easy feompared to war*'

Q E A O Af^.oO'V Ai/.fv,

Tor? A. PeAc f Pa c t ___'?ac-c

H I S T O R Y HAS PROV£0 P fA C f IS POSSIBLEIt has been said that the United States and the Soviet Union cannot exist peacefully side by side because of their different economic systems. Unfort- [• unately many people still share this view. f

As the U.S.S.R. has existed new for over 35 years, a period £ull of events of great histerioal importanoe, side by side with capitalist powers, the question is not simply theoretical, but can be answered from practical experience.

W.ir raged in Europe when the Soviet Union was founded in 1917. After some timt., Germany concluded peace with the new Socialist country, and continued war with the Allied Powers, despite the fact that they had the same economic systems, while the Soviet Union had a different >ne.

later came a mere normal period, and the various capitalist countries nearly all established diplomatic relations with the U S.S.R. True enough, these relations were not always smooth, but nor were their owr,:relations during that period (japan went to war with Chine, Italy with Abbssinia, Albania, etc.) luring this period, also, the U.S.5«R. entered the League of Nations while Germany withdrew. France and CaechASlovakia both signed pacts of mutual assistance with the U.S.S.R,, clearly directed against Nazi Germany, notwithstanding the fact that the U.S.S.R. was a socialist country, while they and Germany had capitalist economic systems.

In 1939 Germany signed a non-aggression pact with the U.S.S.R. but started a war which at that stage was directed against Britain, Franoe,. Poland and other West European countriee. later, Britain, France and the U.S.A. became allies of the U.B.S.R. against GeMany, Italy and Japan*

»This resume proves beyond doubt that Countries with differing eoogoaic systems

(concluded on Pagok

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Con«ress in a statement ...

WrrnlA °f P*aCe 1,111 Optn Urfree sunfi of money

or economic aid and public benefits.

"To lose today's opportunity would \e an ttrforgiveable crime, should v;e bo cautious, suapicious? Yes - towards armaments and war ™ + «„„„+• I and peace . . * ne*oti^i«m.

C k S l l R T H A J M

'Nobody pretends negotiations vail K !"*•' frttw Canadian Peace L e ^ er Bruce Mickleburgh. ’Thej w i n ^

perhaps tortucus war.' "& ^ ~ yet 30 eaay Compared to

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feeli/* ab#ut everywhere -TOOK hiffT?* _ ,pEAC® ^ R lEHBESSES frao N e ^ Y " ^ ‘^ W headlinET ™ « W * LUTS»f w p « pi ^ f t ^ r r - • « « « «

cL. * Pr t 0f P0aoe ^tween the F i w y Z ■ ?0m T° K ^ l a ? Can v rM m Z\ z r nau*D* ta ■*tti,d * “ *”«»-a g r s r i * T " ^ ht be •»«■»<» iyVha.t problems Hoes war salve?• ^ k w ^ Krre“ War aec«oplishert^I * S fr*m «? has itsettled «r proved the ideas or av»t.ma <* one side er another? 7 ^

5 o £ J £ 2 “!? Afric^ 8 obtain a better

S f t t T £ L E \ “* P ^ P ^Pfened thiT i 6 M*veaert. we h a w pfoned the oelumns «f this Newslettertoour readers. We invite y J T t o J ^ ysur arguments far #r against a 5-PoZ

tieseaS PBtt’ t0 Btate y0Urties, to put your questions.

- f i* * * - » i.

U ' S T O R Y HAS PROV£C> P fA C f /$ POSS/Blf '• ^ a ^ f u S n3i S db ^ deth^ S u s e d U n i ° " CaKn0t e x is tunately many people still share this view. * economic systems. Unfort-

cf great * hie terioal S S L S T I l l e 7 y \ l l / T * ’ & ^ * « * ■

« T A Z t : 8l,nPljr * “ ?«-*. »u( canfunded in 1 9 1 7. *fteI. sonc.

M r rtth the Allied Pot.!,, despite ^ 0°”^ . and continuedsyetema, . M l . the SOTiet ‘ « * 3 aIi,e eccnoni.

Later came a mere normal period and the ,

all establiahed diplomatic reUtiona w i 4 t h e T s T i ^ " 1 COUntries ntar1^relatiens were not always smooth but n m u S.S.R. True enough, thesethat pericH Jap<m w e n T t o T S =>*.r.lation. durineetc.) Bu rin g t h L p e r W . al^. tt. ^ » > a a i n l a , Allani^fwhile Germany withdrew. Franoe and ^ I Lf'a^ ie o i Nationsmutual assistance with the U S S R ^ 9i«ned pacta ofnotwithstanding the fact that tte v S S *< Nazi they and G e i ^ had capitaliat . c a ^ o OOUntr^,

J ^ w h l c h a t ^ t h a t ^ ^ T d i ^ t e d 1^ainst S i t a S * H/S *S‘R - but 8tarted a |£ther West European oOuntriee, lAt#r Britfi-in b w France». Poland and

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ItyporH f b ^ p*In hMuJfegt *iil £*" Lj*obably:** presented fco «fe delegates at the National. Peace Congross that Is to t%ke plaoe in Johannesburg taljr'fcSth ti ?rtth. These aret / - ■■ V U TH* WORLD TODAT ... THot» w n '

and the Cold War. Korea# Tho ..Paot between the Big Powers* Modern mothoda of war (Napalm, Oern Warfare.)

. COLONIALISM. AFRICA AHID PEACE. What Is happening in Afrioa today m the development of war bases - Xecya - Federation - Raolallsm as a oauso of war*

3. THE PEOPLE AND PEACE ... How war affoots the standard of llfo, War and tho Cost of Living In S.A. A* Afrioa »a part in war plans. Uranium produotion.

■ 4.- THE PEACE MOVEMENT IN SOUTH i*PRICA. What it is. What it should be. How the Pease Counoil

, worka»^A programme of aotion• for pea^oe.

Individuals are being asked now to pr>i re papers under these headings.Tl}or j will be full and freo discussion '.t the Congross.' (

letter inviting organisations to send dolcgrtes to the Congross is being sont out this v/oek. Organisations may app­oint offioial dologatos, official ob- • n-rvors, or nay participate as eofres- yot^ing dologatos.

Individuals may participate in tho Congross as offioial observers or ixfi corresponding dologatos. Groups of i’dividuals in a partioular street,.roa or town, or in a plaoe of work - factory, shop, offloo, job, eto. nay oloot offioial delegates.

Dr. J. Ulllnan Rer. Holt ,|Rer# D,C* Thompson"- Rer. Tantsi’Dr* A.H. Sader . Dr ■ W . Nkono

Afhwin ChoudTee .Dr. Q.M. Naioker~Dr» Chetty Iks J.N.;Singh' ~Dr* NhL*i£a B r . 5 . Goonsm H r . D f Twhlr.M r. M .B . Yongw .r— U p . M. M u jio r Adv. H.E. ifc.hl Loon Gluokman Mr. S,V. Reddy * Mr. J.B. Jixrk- Mlss Hjriel Alexander ' 'M iss Doreen Ifcntle Hr. E. Roux Urs. Phyllis Altman Mr. J. ii.tt’ -.s M rs. Doris Lessing Mr. Fonba Dr. Wilson Conoo — Ror. Tshur Dr. Y.M* Dad°o lir. W , Sisulu - Dr. Moodley Dr. NjongivoDr. Appavo Dr. Mahlangon:.Johannesburg Branch of tho -jnalg ated Union of Building Trade ^Vork-rs

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Individuals or organisr.1 ns unable to attend the Congross, me

1 as ?Corros ponding delogatos ••i»ions, resolutions, ideas,

frftn such legate a will be eonsidered by Congress, and a full report of the Ci-r.gross will be sent to all Correa- £ I c nding Delegates•

; O K i c s f ' M o ^ r r x ''V V O U . W w A T ' J O U A W m iNDiv.Om -'4*1

t>0 TO 1U& CON6P&SC a r .»' B j

1) Get your organisation - ^olit* : 1 or nor>-politioal, trado union, r. rtrt„.j professional, youth, eto. - to oMorso tho Call to Peace.2) approach loading people in ycur town or area to endorao tho Cal33) Hold discussions with frio.nd .A neighbours. See that any or^ ir fcjn with which you are oonnoctod a c i dolegatea to the Congros3 . Got ■- Toup of oo-workers or frionds and r*r.i'lv bours to eleot delegr.tes.4) Assist us with money - badly r.oodod. Take a collection list, organia> a soolal, musioal or other funotio’ to raise money for Congress.5) Invite Peace speakers to your> club Sooiety or organisation, or to .^rjsa a meeting in a house in your ar , ..d) Write to the Secretary, Box 10521, Johannesburg, for further infoui.UIon about the Congress, or for del.- Sob forms.

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9 A U , LeadiM figures in the Italian Peace !Jover»r.t# Pietro i j i ' " - - - - - - - --iNenni/ former Vice-President of the Italian Council;

... Saverio*Brigante, 1st Honorary President of tho R^n ft Oourt of Appeal* Professor Ambrogic Dcnini, fomer Ambassador; and others; hare sent the folloviru-

Sir Winston Churohillitelej

"In the name of the 17 million Italian* who signed tho Appeal for a Pact bofcw the P1t » Great Powers, the National Poaoe Committee, having learned of your statements, as well as those of Mr. Attlee, expresses the wish that the proto3 which aim to noire by negotiation the most serious problems threatening tho pu of the world, above all, that of the hostilities in Korea, may now bo ro^li ;J,’

Italians know that only through the ending of the oold war, can tho peoi l)c Vo freed from the intolerable burden of re-arraament and the ever present thrc t a new world oonfllat. They know that only through the endinf of the oold * r, a Unfted Nations restored to it* universul function of peaoe, will Italy r.jg i her plaoe in the concord of peaceful peoples and the solution of their rutioi. problems* May the groat hopes for Peace b o m . in the heart of the peoples, ; ru over the ways of mistrust, d'ivision and hatred."

-lc.ce

1

BRITISH TRACK UNIONISTS CALL FOR AN EOT TO KOREA!! WAR.Tho annual oonferenoo of the British Electrioal Trade Union last month called for an immediate meeting betwe< the representatives of the Governments of Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, Franoa, and People’s China. It also instructed its executive to launch a vigorous campaign to end tho Koroan confliot.

It passed a resolution calling for an immediate and substantial roduotior. in armaments by international agreemontj and issued an appeal to tho British Icbour 'iovement to end tho colonial wars in Malaya and Kenya, to secure complete frocdoi of trading relations of all countries, and an ond to the military ba3as or.

British soil.

EGYPTIANS OPrOSE THE MIDDLE EAST 1ACT. An appc :1 fr ,u the Egyptian Peaco Committee states:

"The presence of foreign troops in cur country i3 :>ot merely a threat to our independence and support for our exploiters, but constitutes a serious throat to xrlJ

peace. Already the desire to make a military base of our oountry ’only ir. ti: . •. of war T increases tho danger of that war

The National Peaoo Committee deolares, before all the pooplos of the world, t the Egyptian people who for seven years have rejected any military pact, -.-it" maintain Shat position." The appeal ends by affirming that in this strur<-io ..gainst the Middle East military paot, tlfc people of Egypt aro with all tho peoples of this region. The appeal is sigaed by many woll-knovm--Egyptiens

ME'l.BSOTA CITiZEIIS WRITE TO EISENHOWER. fThe first 3tep towards real peace is ,to get the hot war in Sore* stopped", says an open letter to Eisenhower, which ( appeared a* an advertisement in, North V e e t e m newspapers signed by a group of Yinnesotan*. - _

"Onoe a quiok settlement on Korea is reached we urge fresh approaohes to ether United Nations problems, suoh as freodpm for the ooloniea, stopping the a r ^ r. c , jotting along with Russia without war, two-way trade instead of hand-outs and technical help where it is wanted. We submit that many of these problems could be better solved if world tensions be1»een ourselves and Russia oould bo o.*sod and if spending for armaments oould be substantially roduoed."The letter was djuwn up by a fanner, a foraer veteran of World War 11, on by half oi tho Minnesota Ciblsens for F^aoe in Korea.

- 6 ^

iTVLKECISr*

COUNCIL WORK

For the first time in nearly a year, a siting of thfc Tr.nsvaal Peaot

Council waa~held on Saturday 13th June, .he meeting waa well-attended, and rep­resentatives of rther organisations were also present. The chaiunan, Mr. Szur,

\\ e*P Gained the absence of the Peace Coun- <v oil'a Chairman, Rev. p.C. Thoepu*; who > ha. gone f Budapest tc attend the sess- )• ion of the World Peace Council, of which

a, is a member. Mr ..Thompson had left at

\ \\ n fc*Jreea wieh of the World Peace; Ceun- I] ] cil, who had been anxious for M m to **\ ttend their session.<\\ Mr. A. Fischer gave a review of the •/ ' world situation today, and spoke of the <v ex~*t new opportunities for work that ] ) c'1r‘fr°nted the peace movement in South <\ Africa.

Thfc Secretary, Miss H. %tts, gave a / report ef the campaigns and work under- J taken by the Peace Council during the i\ pri3t few m»nths, and speke of some of

th* successes and some of the weaknesses of the peace movement. She gave an out­

line of the proposed programme and constitution to be discussed at the forthcoming Congress.

A financial report .vas al30 given.

^hr-e resolutions were passed unaminirunly/ ry all present at the meeting. The res­olutions art given here.

PO I 'I P fc f tC LP A C 7

First steps in a campaign to brtng nation-wide support for a Pact of Peace between the U.S.S.R., the U.3 Britain, France and China, were dis cussed at a recent meeting of the Executive of the Ptact Council.

The World Peace Counoil, and *'r Peace ir*vements in countries throughout the world, have obtain- d tremendous support for a Fiv«-Fo. i Pact. And it is this great ujvu: t of peace opinion and artion ir the world that ha? brought about ti.e narked relaxation of tension and peace moves today.

A letter is being' sent to crgar.is- atirns throughout the country them to pass resolution of support for a Pact between the PCrwers.

A letter is also being sent to Scuth Africans „ rcany *alks of life a.iking then «.-* make a public statement in suppc"* of the Pact.

1 r- . i.

P.f:'O i.U T iO N S PASSED At TUG PtACG COUNCIL MGC-TIMG-, of m ‘nd t0 th* Kortan ««r and of talks batmen the lie !,.■

I ’ rou^ lt ^ p e to peace-lovers everywhere. ’,7e urpt the Government of 3ou*-‘ Af- to .urport a Pact of Peace between the rive Great Powers (Britain, U S A 7 - '

f W ? ^ ' ' ™ ^ - “ 13 Preci8el3r tecauae if is necessary foJ a w j to be f f o r / d e r e n t economic systems to exist in peace side by side that it is 6q -t-i’g p u es with) for China, with the U r ^ t population of a n y c o w ^ in K

...rid - to be included. Discussions between Britain, A f r i c a , T s . s R F 1 •" a ^ lim x n ^ ry to a meeting between the Five Great -cv>rs and car h.--v

caching and beneficial results for peace, ,/c xvsolve to c r r p - n x t ^ h / for such a Pact by obtaining the support of iddividuals me org^is-i n f w known the work of the Conmission of the World Poacc- Council, nrd" bv’c o ^ t v V . laming to South Afncars how auch a pact of Peace wo 11 relive i n t?S ^' r-i tension, save the world from the greatest misfort.u*, by tt-'d.."JA * * * £ « a reduction in aiwutents, U i r v direct l-wfita to .South AfrJr-

^OTE: This resolution was changed a little in the nnnner of w e r d w \ * the time of pr*paring this Newsletter, th.. ex.-.ct wriirg was r,- t tV> •

2) South Africa has participated in th*. Korean ;7ar by mcintair «n Mr- .th, i c e, yeun* 3?uth African lives, „n- at «rcat t " !" taken part in the war, we have net assisted in any wav to brin -about • ‘

nor participated in the peace talkr. Tfe urgv the W d i r . t e vdVhdraw.1 of S ^^roops iiom Korea; and that the GoverrL-nent should do all possible tc brinr*^ v.' i speedy cna.

°f the Tranavaal Peace Council w^loojnfs the National r -tcx - . 13 to next mcnth. ?/e regard this as an esti«nti^l st»p forw-jvi .development of the Peace Movement in South Africa. ,nd one that

^■cc • fln?h r ^ W c e °f,th« Council. Wt pledge ourse^ s C3 j*.cr...s of the Congress, and for the establishment of Peace branch^ », t!r. ur' -

(eor.tinued f: •• )

' . 1

■1V*

4 .£ ' < - C«»v

throughout the oountiy, that «111 lay the basis for the Asvelopment of a truly atra^f South African Psaoe Counoil. *c set curatives the aim of strengthening the K a c e Council in the Transvaal, es­tablishing new branches, holding meetings xn areas and districts ’where Peace speakers have not ytt reached the people, end greatly increasing the membership of the peace Council and its influence amor* all sections of the people.

C o A / W v 'Pa^Vc ONG tcan live peacefully aide by aide, and 1A fact do,It ia thus incorrect to 3a^a clash between the U,

wni i^ G?nt^ary’ 11 ha3 ^ e n proved tha* they can willing to do so.

(Send your views and opinions to Peace Forum, Box

yliiiv { $cnr\CA9G Toia/M

The Cape Town P^ace Council •. started a drive to enrol c Associates' - mtrr.hers who -:i 1' pay 2/6 membership each yEnr the Ftace Council.

»A Peace Conference is to t\ke place in Cape Town or* Sunday. July 6th.

r;

or car become allies in wartime. S.S.R. and the U.S.A. ia ine-vit.Me. cooperate, provided they art both

PF/iCf Ur£/Z4Tl//?E.J>5L rCLLOvlING ARE AVAILABLE TO PBACE oyiVtlRThRS, IF YOU VRITE IN EARLY TO I.-* .'SECRETARY, Box 10528, JOHAUHESBURC.

A ftw moiv copies of spee^e* made bv L-rding personalitiea at the Vienna

Cor^ css ...................... each.

Copies of the 'Blue Bwrchure' with pictures and information about the Vienna Congress, now priced at....1/6 each.

a n(duplicated p«phlet)....

10^28, Johannesburg.)

P /Mo M G V ------ _

This month we received w.leone donations to Peace Council fur.dr. from supporters liviiy in ^ide\y separated areas. There are 3 till a ere«tt.many of ycu who reeulrrly receive this Newsletter, but h*v not yet 3tnt u p a donetier. Once again we make this •ippeal for money - without it, cur work is stiflc-dj with more, v:e can greatly extend our propc^'inda. Sf/\/ /» A *7m~rv*+/ ^c* hk-.

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A PW fcl ofthe WORLD . PtACE. C O U N C IL

i^oed at Budapest Q o Jw t•:s : T “ '• **«...«'

DECLARATION ON TIE LAUNCHING OF A 1K*ID CAMPAIGN FOR NEGOTIATION.

The event* of recent months hav* convinced the peoples that rottlement of all inter­national differences by peaoaf ul means ispossible of attainment.

The peoples have coroe to realise that Peace can be won by patient and pefr^iatent effor* on their part.

The World Council cf Peace, meeting in Budapest frrir. the 15th to the 20th June, calls upon the peoples tr intensify-^eir efforts to help forward negotiation for international settK'ni»:nt.

Every people has the right to free choice of ita own way of life, and the duty to respect the freely prtferred choice of • other people3 .

The peaceful or-exister.ee of different social systems that is necessary can, by adoption of this principle, he made poss­ible and relation;', between the peoples become beneficial to‘all.

Such '''■'existence requires that all dis­putes «md arguments be settled by the method of negotiation.

The armistice in Korea, leading to a Korean pwace, must be signed forthwith on the basis of the agreements already arrived at. Each new delay adds to the bereavements, the deatruction, the suffering.

All other wars now being waged and

▲ great new hop* has been beam. Every­body now sees that agreement is possible.The slaughter can be ended. The Cold War can be stopped.

In this hour we solemnly oall upon the

peoples,to demand of thejr govemoenta

that they negotiate and agree.

It is for us all $o support every aove -

from whatsoever goverrtsent it say ooae -

to solve disputes by peaceful means. It

is for us all to frustrate the efforts» . * > . 1 .'1

of those who prevent or delsy agreeaant.Peace is within our reach It is for us

► na-tion • Ce'.mpa.i^n

(4 to be <cIx ^ d h + cL ^RfrAO WWAr W O Quo Pe^cc- © C O U W O L WRITES, T O U S O n

PAC-E T v J R t t .

IC£.DATt OP N M lO N A t fEA<CONG BESS CHANGED 4 .

aggressive actions against the independ­ence of peoples must likewise oease. The use of arms against .my mcvement of national liberation constitutes a factor o_f_int<-mational tension and may give rise to a centre from which war will spread.

The G' rman people has the right to reunif­ication and notional sovereignty with due regard to the security of its neighbours (Continued on Pa^t 2, Column 2)

g f c g t t lM lt t it t W illM lU il

P tivct fo g a fAU-U-0-CAN ITT)

P R E V E N T W A R %W.M. contributes to this month’s Peace Fcrum with an article evaluating the role of UNO in the fight fpr peace.

The hopes of people for a lasting peace fire centred in one or both of the two organsations - the Wbrld Peace Council & the United Nations Organisation.

In many wayn these two bodies are complimentary - but the their dualexistence is indicative of one of the padn stumbling blocks to a peaceful solution of world probloiLa - the fact that many gov­ernments, as re presented on the United Nations Organisation, are not trusted by the coemon people faithfully to interpret their will on the councils of the nations. Hence the people have formed their own organisation for peace, by means of which their authentic voices may be heard above the din created by the warmongers, which all too often resounds through the conference rooms of UNO.

. X

(Continued on Page 2, Ool. 1)

/PtwSC

UKQ - CAR IT PREVENT WAR? (Continued •frr© Page 1.)

Wherein lies the weakensa of UNO? Will it still become an effective lit- strument for international negotiation?

Ita weakness liea, surely, in the fact that n»ny Governments, notably the United States, have sought to pervert UNO into an instrument for the promot­ion of power policies rather than an i.t.Tiimpnt. of peace. By mean* of polit­ical 4 economic coercion the USA has achieved an aatomtic majority on the General Assembly; a majority of subord­inate powers, hating war os independent states, but aa 'yes-men' , rubber-stamp­ing American decisions rather than making their own decisions on the simple merits of a caae.

Lately there have been signs that the 'American front' is cracking. In Europe the North Atlantic Treaty Org­anisation, which is now widely recog­nised aa an aggressive alliance, has

A firan into difficulties mainly through the reluctance of Continental powers to rearm Germany, & to be involved in the USA'8 aggressitoe designs against the Soviet & Eastern democracies. In Korea, America's allies have so far revolted against Uncle Sam's designs as to force X merican negotiators seriously to seek an end to the war.

sss fr i.>•>

were drowned when their weight. As

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Wlu * A \ J fcV>< ?In frightful cold tfc*y d*** i* their thousands on tas M o d s , Babies on

’ mothers* back* liecaoe frosen corps** thrown by & by into a ditoh. Children at] death's door were dispatched by their parents. Piles of refugees passed

I the frosen rivers & w» i ice collapsed beneath i the old people oarae out of an ioe-oold ford, the veins could be seen bursting on their lefs ...

(Prom Robert Guil Iain's account in \ the Manchester Guardian of the mas» fore ! evacuations in the American retreats of

1951.)

DECLARATION OF THE W * I D PEACE COUNCIL Continued from PBge 1, Colmsi 1.

nrvi the prevention of the rebirth of milit­arism and the spirit of revenge.

Japan must recover her full national sov- eriegnty, on the basis of a Peace Treaty recognised by all interested countries and guaranteeing the security of the peoples of Asia and the Pacific.

By safeguarding respect for their sovereignty, by opposing foreign interference in the conduct of their affairs, by refusing to allow the establishment of military bases and any formof occupation by foreign troops, the p^bples can gaurantee their security and the protec­tion of peace.

The gradual achievmept of security will make

Again, the astonishing response of tC A ^ 0A.>Gt*~r£~unCjO r.Atc- -<&C« ( V G t I \the people to the World Peace Appear 1---- ■------------------has forced reantionwy Governments everywhere to take stock of their chances of inveigling the common man into mipp- orting new military adventures.

To tte extent that Britain & the. European powers con free themselves from US domination and pursue policies in accord with their own true national interests: and the common man jon bring pressure to bear on Governments to resist pressure from those- who stand to profit by international tensions; to that extent can UNO be revitalised 03 an effective instrument fer peace.

Viewed in this light, it becomes clear in what way the World Peace Coun­cil & UNO are complimentary and not rival organisations. It becomes clear, too, that it is everybody's highest duty to assist in the work or the Peace Coun­cil. For only through the Council can the people make their demands effective and force the representatives of their Governments at UNO honestly to seek a peaceful solution to the world's problems.

$£Nd VOtf/Z r&:T V C te c / ?£ rA / z y / 0 5 J3

to I'feocc KXu/n* a<e. oot

it possible to halt the arms race, to begin arms reduction by way of negotiation & to de­vote the resources, hitherto used for works of death & destruction, to raising the stan­dard of living for all.

Negotiations will fundamentally change the course of events. The United Nations can become the instrument of this change, by keeping faithfully to the spirit of its Charter. It must admit the countries which have applied to enter. China, like other nations, must be represented by the govern­ment of her choio*.

It is on these grounds that the World Peace Council has decided to launch a world-wide campaign for negotiation.

In this campaign the peoples will express in a variety of organised ways their demand that all disputes and differences shall besettled by peaceful means.

Only the peoples, by unceasing action, can make negotiation, agreement and peaceprevail.

- Adopted unanimously at the Session of the World Feace Council, Budapest, June 1953*

w N A T ^ O N A L ^ f c A c E C & H G f c & S

- v i o K > n o < 2 s ,o u r g . A u g u s t

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3 .

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The Appeal and Declaration of the World Peace Council (see page l) marks the opening of a new international campaign which will be cm a scale ■urpassing all that has so far been done by the peace movement.

The Campaign, universal in character, will be organised by peaoe movements in each country in accordance with their own situation and position.

'taUPAICH S H F H AFRIC/ WILL B E LAUNCHED SHORTLY IN THE FORM OF A BAUOT.S S S f o F SO O TH A f W C A U L L BE CALLED ON TO VOTE FO R J*ACE. THE B A L IO T WILL TAKE FORM OF TWC S IM P Jr . ST JO N S , T O V -H IC H PEOPLE WILL HE A S K E D T O R E P L Y .

T H E S E APE the w o questions k h : c b will apfear OK TIP EiLIOT TOHCl

Y e s No

Do you think the South African Government should press for and support negotiations between the Big Powers to settle

th<-ir disputes peacefully?

Are you in favour of a Pac* of Peace between the Bic Powers?

_OTH£R PO '/^tS O f T//tCAmPA/gm w/u S f :

k Qrginisations will be asked to pass rtsolutions of support for the idea of negotiations.

~^C Individunl« will be asked to write to or lobby their J.i.ito fret them to support r.et£0 tiat-ior.fi, to rai 't the question in Parliament.

Leading people v.ill b« asked to writ*' tc the . rim' Minister urgin. support t>r negotiations, ”n*l to &

th‘

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op

of their letVx’s t<

TUE W O R li) PEACf.£ C > l l N O l W R \ T t S toUS.l.

..."the first t-tdk arising fromthe Council’s A p i > al oo’C^rfc* tneiasr.ediate j.ead to opr-™' attempts to barastrit«' r.*g« tint- j ions, A to counteract •ill n--n- , oeuvres *0 delay vgivt nn r.t,. • j ...•’Any delay in v;.inc ^nur > campaign could only > t.<- -ur-- attempts of this nature...It ^ is therefore extremely import tilt t* launch the cmpuign quickly. ..."In view of ttu ur.;ent ne>--l for the campni*7i to open, and also because of the help which the e xperienc*. of your c.ov in< nt car. provide to other countries, we ask you to let us know tht irx-tdiate activities which you have- begun or plan to undertake during the month of .)uly»"

A CAMFAIGW TO GET £1,000 FOR PEACE

COUNCIL FUNDS AITHIN THE NEXT FE» \7EEKS HAS

BEfcK LAUNCHED. THIS MONEY IS ABSOLUTELY

ESSEOTIAL FOR THE FRESENT C/JniPAIGNS OF THE

i-i ACE l)OVa<i.NT AND f’OR THE NATIONAL

CCNORESS. This is a most urgent appeal to every single person who supports the oeace movement. I'erhnps you give money

regularly or from time to time to the peace Council. We an. asking you to n^ke a most 3r, d a l and tremendous effort to raise money. There have never Veil 3uch tremendously good orosr*ects for peace' work in South Africa as tnexv nr* today. Ve have never met with such a wonderful response from men and worsen everywhere. V.'e Viavc- never h/id 3uch favourable conditions under which to do peace work. _ e have never before been facod with such a great t.THk, under such dimturutely urgent circum^ ■stances. a time whi-f. the fn.t.e of all humnlty

hnvJLB In the bal?mce.

. CqU sc t d o n a t'o n S £> enc/sc- r\d t*je>rbrv\a tc S

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P e a c e / -yr\, b m io t r-os^sp i i O M SG-CR6TAJ3"£ jv. 0 , 0 ^ I O S 2 0 ■ 'JOMANMtSibuQG

y7/i£ ii£

£ '} ? #

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sen* % peace"The Amalgamated Union of Building Trade Workers, Johannesburg Branch greets with enthusiasm the opportunity given to us to participate in the Peoples Congress for Peace.

,rffe see in this great struggle for peace the important role which Building '..orIt­ers can piny, the very mature of our work contributes much towards Humanity in the form of Houses, Hospitals, Kindergartens, Churches, etc. V.o do not war.t to see these things destroyed.

"Our hatred for the forces of destruction is instinctive to the nature of the Builder. Tl vrefore the maker of buildings i towns for Man, his life & his labour must bend every effort in the defence of peace.

"The safeguarding of world peace which is so ardently desired by the majority of Feople in South Africa, we urge our Government to support a Pact of Peace by the Five Great Powers ...

"Peace is something which has no ending It nteda to be cared for, it needs

defending.’A Great Ion#" job for many hands Carrying PEACE across our land."

"Ev<-ry riuccess for th* Pcuce Coryrress .. long live peace, for ►jver!"

*.Ek a

The date of ths National Congress has been put forward to the weefc-srai of August 22nd, 23rd, to enable organis­ations that only meet monthly to elect their delegates in good time.

Several delegates have already been elected by trade unions to participate in the Congress. A message from the Australian Peace Council says ir.7e extend to you the hand of brotherly greeting in peace, and hope for tidings of your Congress & its success so we may prop­agate it widely to i,he Australian people.F

Three organisations in African territories outside the Union have written expressing thtir interest in the Congress.

The messages we publish on this }>age show what strong support the Peace Council is obtaining for its work.

Hnve you got your organisation to appoint delegates? Have you raised the matter in YOUR trade union, association, club, society?

THIS IS THE FIRST NATIONAL PEACE CONGRESS EVER TO BE HELD IN THIS COUNTRY. HELP SEE IT IS A GREAT SUCCESS!

isssspjs'

WoRlD ftOt RfiTiOH Of YOUTH GRLtTS OUR

C O N £ P l E £ S .

..."Your Congress takes place at a time when the hopes for ptace & relaxations of international tension fill the hearts of all people ... Your Con^ivsa takes place when the young «eneration of the four comers of the world is preparing for the 3rd World Youth Congress 4 the 4th Festival of Youth it. Students for Peace & Frjandship."You Peace Congress will be indeed a great contribution in the struggle of the young generation of South Africa for peace and understanding. The Secretariat of the World Federation of Democratic Youth in the w j w of 75 million young people in 66 countries greet your National Peace Congress. We wish you every success in your work."

• - •'• SW U v h : P : *_• ? V, fJL ‘ ~ ^ ”

I N - D I * M N O U I H S U P P O R T

P E A C E C O N G R E S S :

"This Annual Meeting of the Natal Indian Youth Congress welcomes the holding of the South African Peace Congress & pledges its full support tc the high principles in which the Movement is based...."

ft HOT HER RESOLUTION OF S U P P O R T . . .

"This oonfercnoe of the Transvaal Indian Congress is pleased to note the urgent desire of the peoples of the world for peace. It hails the fcall for Peace and a Peace Pact among the free a t powers. It appeals to all pence-minded people to give their whole-hearted support to the proposal for a South African peace movement, for a national conference of the South African peoples, for a peace movement which will express & reflect the desire of all peace- loving South Africans."

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W e r e q n z t t^C /*o /oo min th /6 /st>uK o f o u t M e to s ie A te r / o r o u r u s u a i o f A to o S A * * ?

O - ifa r C o v ff r te s ... 0 v r /O— c e nave cra<Atet r>eu>s Out

___

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MATAL PEACE C O U N C IL F O IM E D

QfcV- D-C-T HONVPSON Rfc PORTS ON W O R lO P£&CF CO l lNOL /AEt-f. .'iG .A report of the- recent Session of tho World Peace Council was given by the South Afri­can representative on the Covrcil, Re1’. Thompson, to an interested audience at the Darragh Hall c.n .T'lly >Hh.

The Council noting w J\ extremely represen­tative - about rjQu Council medy-rs and in­vitees attended. Among -i;hot>e pre^jnt werej Pastor Nicrunllert a Fuddist Hcnk from Ceyi<T>; General &Lt 5 khey, f -iaer General Director of the We?]d Health Orpnnisationi Ur. Hrnil, mam'teT cf the Upper House of Par lament iti J'jpan, a professor of history, ir. who wan imprisoned by the arcanese Gvt be­fore and during the war i Mohammed Ali Kihn, editor of the Pakistan Ticc,: Mr. Forbeck Dean of the C'lthedr. .1 of Oc.lo; Rev. Bliss cf Ervlnr. S r . F.’uk'.rjcc (member of th<Gold Mine l-hj(ners Ac mir.tion of India); General ^ara rf Brazil; /unnr. Seghers, the fnrucur writer; I w /jaa’i. elitcr and writer frcs; itaraa; and z'pjjy others.Rev. 'Thompson r- r d orrurtc from some of the outstanding spee~hus made at uhM Sess­ion. Adv. A. Pisciicr presided at the Larm/’h Hall meeting, -'tid a collection of over £17 * ts tak^n at the end.

1

Prt£6tO*HT 0 r t H E MATft.t. \NOiAM C O K « s n t ^ s A v ^ -"Mankind, if i* i~ survive, must take effective -t^a to presetfva the peace of the world. If if :uch only necessary for the '•oniDon jjv-rple throughout the world to pifeiT- thftr.nuiNVs to- th*- •'1. ise of peace, but it is i :eu rajrc neaess&ry for us to dlicrinate all trx-t* thi'.vbich stand in the wal of ptac^'vl rn-^iistcr.ee of *.h-' differ*nt notions v peoples t.t.o go to :itak the htiarn race.

"In our country, Touth Africa, those who b#li*vd in Dtace & peaceful methods of solving dii r-^no s nuat realise that colour diRfrjmin&vion 3tendn Rolidly in the path of '.etter bus .an rel :'*ior.ahip. In th^ internal i»*ral plane race diaorlrol wi^.jon has within it the seed* of a £lo*'*J oon- fl*.L. Onward to a South Africa free from x discrimination; , oward to a lasting puAce in thifc trouble?. world!/ OP QyV\n . NfktCwffeft ~*0 "fair KA.TA.C

___ __ C iJtK * ___ I ______________

3/6 S U P F O R W A R D //V

s - a 's P £ a c £ M o v m f/ s / rAt a aost euocessful Conference held in Duroan on July 12th, a Natal Peace Council was formed - the second Provincial Peace body tc -jome into existence in South Africa.

72 delegates and 1 5 fraternal delegates, representing 16 different organisations, attended the Conferen o , which was add­ressed by Adv. A. Fischer who flew froa Johannasburg to speak at the Congress.

Peace dcves and blue drapes decorated the Premier Hall, Durban, where the Conference was held.In a Decloratior on Peace, adopted by the Congress, the delegates expressed their firm ieterirdnatior, to prevent the destruc­tion of civilisation thr jgh another world wax. The Declaration said:

".. .1 nsk nothing acre than the fact that great nations & powers cf the worLd come toother to resolved their disputes & differences by discussion, negotiation and co-ojelation.

"Vfe ask for nothing less than peaoe for all people ...

. "All peace laving people must welcome the establiohaent of a pear>t Council in Natal»& the von— templated establishmfeni of the Pea»e Council oil a 3cuth African wid« basis is e^KentirJ to arouse the people cf Souvh Africa to the flon/ ers of another war."

TWL PP.eS\Dfc^T GGra- C.OAV. O f TU5 NA-r»o«>iAL coM 6 oe^«>**J AK AWARE o f THt: FORCES OF REACTION TH.VT SEEM IWISfT ON FuJNGING THE WORLD INTO STRIFE . . . is fill the more grate­ful for men A wemen tVircughout ftie world who tejid themselves together to ust all legitimate means to oppose these forces of evil. T trust thAt the Peace 'Ci'uoren'•; taking plaoe in Durbar, will be another strong link in the chain that is being forged by peace loving peoples everywhere to oppose these fvil forces."

(PdQT O C A M.C-4SA6G

StrMT O Y CMtaP l U T H O U

T O fWe- WAT^L

M O W <V\ANY SOUTW A F R k ^ M S

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There is only one .problen tod^ . urgency and importance i». the affairsof em u Upon its resolution hangs the sttrnral of our nivilisatior.. It ia the question of peace.* «....OcsBMrd cat ions between Nations h a w largely 'rcken fown. The barrier of alien ideas expressed in alien tongues has grOwn to monstrous proportions. Words have beooms meaningless beyond narrow boundartM. the only hope of peace lies with the people j with u h | with e a A one *and all of us. j

• ••She foul faoe of the ?Oth Cej^ury is ravaged with the pees •n'rtr* and craters a t hidegus crimes. If thiao -srijnea had iot passe*! ne ry , they hod failed also to awaken me. I knew of the nonatrcua berthing-of Baking by the Japanese I knew of the mustard ga« used against the Abyssinione . I knew of the massacre of tens of thousands of tbe defenoelesa ia th*s lust days of World War 11. I knew of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Ai*j of course, I knew about the gas chambers and ha?. seen tens of thousands of ay fellow ■an degraded below the level of beasts.

Brt to know was not enough. I had walked knee deep in death 3L.d destruction for years, kut in Korea for the first tine I knew at first hand the shanw and utter horror of the indiscriminate massacre of the dferviclcss, unable to hit lack. 1 had never eirperienoed this before. I knew at first hand the craven degradation and cowardice of the atom mind.

... The peace we seek cannot be purchased with atom wOc. s or ^y any raeana of indiscrtifr- inate mass massacre. I do know that peace ca"jiot be built upon fear and hatred.

Day after day, by our actions, jy our wanton destruction of Korea and its people fran the air, we are burning deem the laat remaining hope between East and West, and we are smearing and degrading our whole story. Day after day ty our det*ds we are hastening the hour of annihilation end the suicide of civilisation.

It ia time - God knews it is paat tine — to call a halt. The original rights and wrongs in Korea are already suhraerged in a aiase of bestiality ard horror, unmatched, I believe, in all the human story.

The only answer crust be the voicp of civilisation arising from each individual human throat. Then and only then tuny this monstrous threet ’je lifted from our civilisation.The ultimate outrage must not be. It is new - or never.

P«rhaos m are not all "moral inf eciles", but only rao-nl towards. I/.-t us then find i our courage, and find it fast.

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S O U T H A FR. / C A N S F O R

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215i D E IE G A T t S A t N A T IO N A L P E A C E C O N 6Q £ 5S°T H P G A C & C O vjisICIL. F O f ^ / V \ £ D

The progress of the peace movement in South Africa was marked at the first national Congress, held in Johannesburg on August 22nd 4 23rd. Delegates from three Frovinces, and from Swaziland and Basutland heard reports given under four main ^ headings, discussed peace problems in South Africa and the world, adapted a Constitution for a South African Peace Council, and elected members to a Ceneral Council.

BANNED

m

It was a great step forv/ard for peace forces, for although- there are stijl many section^- of the people who have net yet en reached by the peace movement

the Congress revealed the sreatly increased support and 'understand­ing for the cause of peace that now exists in South Africa.

2 ? fiX8t raF€r» ^ the session The fforld Today", which was to nave teen presented by Mr, Fischer, was prepared at shert notice and

Mr’ Ceril becausof the ban placed on Mr. Fischer two days before the Congress took place.Mr. Dan Tloome, whc was later elected aa one of the South African Peace Coun­cil s auc Vice-Presidents, also gave nJ S T L * vM S 36891011 (Mr- Tlooos has new been banned from peace activities.)

A FAiCA t CO/Outfi c/S/v} fa/A/2 4Mr. Nelson Mandela, President of the African National Congress, Transvaal, delivered the main paper at the 2nd session, dealing with Africa's place in war plans, and colmialism as a aajor cause of war. (Mr. Mandela has now been banned from all meetings). a

^ ? hia 8e88i°n was also given *y Mr. D e M Singh.*/»/? A r r s & s r 7&On Sunday morning the main paper was given \j j Dr. Guy Routh, dealing with the economics .of war - the effect on living costs, trade, social serrices.

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/7H£ M c v ? \ J : N 7 ^ S o u r#The final session dealt with the peace movement in South Africa - what its tasks are, hew it must be organised.The main speech was given by Hilda Watts.(Now also banned from the Council)

The Cpngreas was openei by Rev. D.C. Thompson, who w^s later unanimously elected President of the Council.Thaele from Cape Town; Krs. KacPherscn (delegate fr.m the Labou^ Pryrty); f,:r. Tloome, and Mr. Szur, presided at var- ious ot the sessions.

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We delegatee, at the foundation Congress of the South African Peace Council, a ffi^ t our resolute oonviction that mankind can. •vert the frfliwrs of a thir4We doclare that there la no problem ofK international relations that caanot be *- resolved "by initiation, given the oweri riding recognition by all pertieh of the necesaity of peace, and determination tf arrive at a settlement without resort to force.

We believe that the exiatenoe of differ­ent social and economic systems in various countries in no way constitutes a barrier to friendly and mutually advantageous relations between them.

We resolve to strive with all our might to win the majority of people of South Africa to become conscious partisans of peacej a section of the world-wide union pf the peoples against war.

We call on all South Africans of goodwill to join^with us in this task.

After applying for a permit to attend the Congress - without success - the Secretary of the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union of Southern Rhodesia sent greetings in the name of 5*000 *. member

af(2(ca • C o l o n i a l i s m • £ • w mCongress recognises the affirmation implicit in the United Nations Charter that racial discrimination and the employ­ment of force to hold peoples in dependence and colonial subjection operates as a pow­erful menace to peace.

I We affirm that recognition of the fundamen tal human rights of all peoples, without distinction as to race, oolour, sex, 1-uigu- sge or religion, to self-government find self-determination, is the only stable baais for the establishment of lasting peace and international harmony.\Wfc condemn the use of force to settle disputes, not only between major powers, but also to impose and maintain foreign domination on the peoples of Africa.

The use of Africa as a warbase, the terr­itorial ambitions of outside powers, and the exploitation of Africa's peoples and material resources, presents a constant threat to stability and peace.

The cause of world peaoe would be greatly strengthened by the participation of the peoples of Africa in the World Peace Movement.

Congress declares that the policy of Itco discrimination in the Union of S/'*u*h

pica pursued by the South African

TRAFSVAALi Trade Unions In ths Transvaal were represented at ths Congress by 33 delegates representing $6,790 people* There were

sixteen Unions represented, and also the Council for Non-European Trade Unions.

16 delegates represented Transvaal womenfe organisations, 6 factory delegates, 5

delegates from ex-servicemen’s organis­ations, 32 delegates from peace oouncil branches and groups.

18 Transvaal branches of the African National Congress ent delegates, and there were representatives of religious, student, youth organisations and other bodies. The Congress of Democrats, the South African Labour Party, the Transv­aal Indian Congress, were among organ­isations that sent delegates.

NATAL: 26 delegates attended from Natal, representing 72,160 people. The delegates were from the African National Congress (Natal), Natal Indian Congress, African Independent Churches, Natal Landowners, Women's, Students and Youth Organisations and from the Natal Peace Council.

CAFE TOWN: /5delegates from Cape Town and one from Port Elizabeth represented the Cape Town Peace Council, Women's and Youth Organisations.

SWAZILAND: The Swaziland Progressive Association sent a delegate.

BASUTOLAND: The Basutoland African Nat­ional Congress was represented.

NYAS ALAND: The Nyasalnd Students Assoc­iation appointed two of its members who are in Johannesburg to represent it, but unfortunately notification arrived too late for the delegates to attend.

Government constitutes a breach of the Union's obligations under the UniteJ Nat­ions Charter, and a threat to World Feace. We believe that in the interests of peace the South African Government should adhere to the spirit of the Charter and implement the resolutions of the United N-tions General Assembly concerning South Africaj should renounce threats to incorporate the Protectorates against the wish of their inhabitants* should end the policy of diplomatic, ccnmnercial and cultural isolation which contributes to the contin­uation of tensions, restricts our econcry, and prevents friendly relations between the people of South Africa and peoples of other countries; ensures, in cooperation with other Governments, the production of uranium for peaceful and constructive purposes, not for atomic warfare.

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To M PftaM If

N a M la ggr ■ n- Hace la hia Peace 1* hia playing

Naked, familiar, daV id>d>restless with hope, rt&ct ia iqy son.

To me Peace is the sons «nd daughtera of all men. J M « i, . 1 1 creatort d.fl.“Peace ia my neighbour’■ -face, hia capable hands. Peace ia two thousand five hundred million people. Peace ia the life in them, the unquenchable fixe, Peace is the eons and daughters of all men.

Peace ia my hooks , all history ia in them,Conquerors of despair, fortifiers, inapirers.Peace is Odysseus, Don Quixcte, Juliot and Beatrice,

t L w i e r^a‘t Jester» E«ncnt, Gregor Fantalcimon,Joe Wilson's mates, Schifcik and the others.Peace is my hooks, Peace'ds poetry. Peace is my poem.

To me Peace is three aioplo things.

Resolution o u fro iCongress declarea that the intolerable burden of war preparatioila and the inflation of prices arising from these preparations constitutes a crave threat to the living .standards of the people.

We call on the. South African Peace Council in cooperation with all organisations whose

l Y nli*te?’ t0 ^ P ^ t a vig- tr„us Onion-wide campaign to bring home tothe people of our country the close relat­ionship between war preparations and decl­ining living standards, and to win public opinion for a policy of peace and disarm­ament* ao that bread and social' benefits may replace the diversion of men and national resources to war preparations.

R £ S o iu T /M Oa/ tAeSSrAQ -U S M A A f N T . W T//£ £ A ' P - C '

Conference resolves that the South African Peace Council be established

- to express and organise the aspirat­ions of all sections of the South

. African people for world peace

- represent the peace-loving people of South Africa in building unity of the movements of the peoples for peace in all countries of the world.

We delegates from many organisations pledge our fullest support to the South African Peace Council and promise to work with our full might to broaden and strengthen it.

m c l a j m j i o n - pa ssw b y a c c l a m a t io n ^t 5 j “2 ^ ° dX S T 9 .?.11 With overwhelming urgency: the threat of

survival of the humJS m c e °f ° T ’ *Ut *lth the V6ry

WHICH 2 SYSEa4» OUTLOOK OR FOLICY BETWEEN NATIONSCOULD JUSTIFY SUCH TERRIBI£ SLAUGHTER.

THERE ARE NO DIFFERENCES WHICH CANHOT BE SETTLED BY NEGOTIATION?

broucfct of people everywherej existing wars must bebreak out' p J V S- °08ta th® Korean eonfliot must not be allowed tod i f X ™ * 1 "^1° ™ muSt 000:6 t0 the conference table to settle theirIntransigent stLSJ of conceeeion and compromise in the cause of peace,

ransigent stands can only lead to new conflicts.

sublect ^fori"014"108’ °nly betwe#n sovereign states, but tc suppress i ot peoples, is a factor of peril leading to expanding wars.

----- ---- — -j— - - — cuoa uuiw pax-T<8 oi xne woria.

N O W r o f S A ^ i 1 PEACE “ WITKW ^ GRA3P 0F S * ® 0NE 0F V S - I£r US ACT

Collection Number: AD1812

RECORDS RELATING TO THE 'TREASON TRIAL' (REGINA vs F. ADAMS AND OTHERS ON CHARGE OF HIGH TREASON, ETC.), 1956 1961 TREASON TRIAL, 1956 1961

PUBLISHER: Publisher:- Historical Papers, University of the Witwatersrand Location:- Johannesburg ©2012

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